Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | % Contributed by Skip Montanaro, from the module's doc strings. |
| 2 | |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | \section{Built-in Module \sectcode{operator}} |
Fred Drake | 3aa2895 | 1997-12-16 00:02:01 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | \bimodindex{operator} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | |
| 6 | The \code{operator} module exports a set of functions implemented in C |
| 7 | corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example, |
Fred Drake | f3e6df1 | 1997-12-29 17:11:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 8 | \code{operator.add(x, y)} is equivalent to the expression \code{x+y}. The |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | function names are those used for special class methods; variants without |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | leading and trailing \samp{__} are also provided for convenience. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | |
| 12 | The \code{operator} module defines the following functions: |
| 13 | |
Fred Drake | 1947991 | 1998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 14 | \setindexsubitem{(in module operator)} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 15 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | \begin{funcdesc}{add}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 18 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 19 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 20 | \begin{funcdesc}{__add__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 21 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 22 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 23 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | \begin{funcdesc}{sub}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | Return \var{a} \code{-} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 26 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 27 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 28 | \begin{funcdesc}{__sub__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | Return \var{a} \code{-} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 30 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 31 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 32 | \begin{funcdesc}{mul}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 33 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 34 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 35 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 36 | \begin{funcdesc}{__mul__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 37 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 38 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 39 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 40 | \begin{funcdesc}{div}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 41 | Return \var{a} \code{/} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 43 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | \begin{funcdesc}{__div__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 45 | Return \var{a} \code{/} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 46 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 47 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 48 | \begin{funcdesc}{mod}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | Return \var{a} \code{\%} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 50 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 51 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 52 | \begin{funcdesc}{__mod__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 53 | Return \var{a} \code{\%} \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 55 | |
| 56 | \begin{funcdesc}{neg}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | Return \var{o} negated. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 59 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 60 | \begin{funcdesc}{__neg__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 61 | Return \var{o} negated. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 62 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 63 | |
| 64 | \begin{funcdesc}{pos}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 65 | Return \var{o} positive. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 67 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 68 | \begin{funcdesc}{__pos__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 69 | Return \var{o} positive. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 70 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 71 | |
| 72 | \begin{funcdesc}{abs}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 73 | Return the absolute value of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 74 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 75 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 76 | \begin{funcdesc}{__abs__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 77 | Return the absolute value of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 78 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 79 | |
| 80 | \begin{funcdesc}{inv}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 81 | Return the inverse of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 82 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 83 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 84 | \begin{funcdesc}{__inv__}{o} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | Return the inverse of \var{o}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 86 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 87 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 88 | \begin{funcdesc}{lshift}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | Return \var{a} shifted left by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 91 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 92 | \begin{funcdesc}{__lshift__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | Return \var{a} shifted left by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 95 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 96 | \begin{funcdesc}{rshift}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | Return \var{a} shifted right by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 98 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 99 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 100 | \begin{funcdesc}{__rshift__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | Return \var{a} shifted right by \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 102 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 103 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 104 | \begin{funcdesc}{and_}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | Return the bitwise and of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 107 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 108 | \begin{funcdesc}{__and__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 109 | Return the bitwise and of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 111 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 112 | \begin{funcdesc}{or_}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | Return the bitwise or of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 114 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 115 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | \begin{funcdesc}{__or__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 117 | Return the bitwise or of \var{a} and \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 118 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 119 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 120 | \begin{funcdesc}{concat}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b} for \var{a} and \var{b} sequences. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 122 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 123 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 124 | \begin{funcdesc}{__concat__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b} for \var{a} and \var{b} sequences. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 126 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 127 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 128 | \begin{funcdesc}{repeat}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b} where \var{a} is a sequence and |
| 130 | \var{b} is an integer. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 131 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 132 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 133 | \begin{funcdesc}{__repeat__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b} where \var{a} is a sequence and |
| 135 | \var{b} is an integer. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 137 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 138 | \begin{funcdesc}{getitem}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | Return the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 141 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | \begin{funcdesc}{__getitem__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 143 | Return the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 144 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 145 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 146 | \begin{funcdesc}{setitem}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 147 | Set the value of \var{a} at index \var{b} to \var{c}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 149 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | \begin{funcdesc}{__setitem__}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | Set the value of \var{a} at index \var{b} to \var{c}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 152 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 153 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 154 | \begin{funcdesc}{delitem}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | Remove the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 157 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 158 | \begin{funcdesc}{__delitem__}{a, b} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 159 | Remove the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 161 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 162 | \begin{funcdesc}{getslice}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 163 | Return the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 164 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 165 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 166 | \begin{funcdesc}{__getslice__}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 167 | Return the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 168 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 169 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 170 | \begin{funcdesc}{setslice}{a, b, c, v} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 171 | Set the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1} to the |
| 172 | sequence \var{v}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 173 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 174 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 175 | \begin{funcdesc}{__setslice__}{a, b, c, v} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 176 | Set the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1} to the |
| 177 | sequence \var{v}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 178 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 179 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 180 | \begin{funcdesc}{delslice}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 181 | Delete the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 182 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 183 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 184 | \begin{funcdesc}{__delslice__}{a, b, c} |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 185 | Delete the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 187 | |
Fred Drake | 0514ce1 | 1997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 188 | Example: Build a dictionary that maps the ordinals from \code{0} to |
| 189 | \code{256} to their character equivalents. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 190 | |
Fred Drake | 1947991 | 1998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | \begin{verbatim} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | >>> import operator |
| 193 | >>> d = {} |
| 194 | >>> keys = range(256) |
| 195 | >>> vals = map(chr, keys) |
| 196 | >>> map(operator.setitem, [d]*len(keys), keys, vals) |
Fred Drake | 1947991 | 1998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 197 | \end{verbatim} |