Georg Brandl | 8a60e94 | 2010-12-19 10:30:28 +0000 | [diff] [blame^] | 1 | This is Python version 3.2 beta 2 |
Georg Brandl | 41ea8ae | 2010-12-04 19:09:24 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2 | ================================= |
Guido van Rossum | 9144763 | 2000-04-11 17:11:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | |
Benjamin Peterson | b7b0019 | 2010-01-01 04:49:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 |
Christian Heimes | b558a2e | 2008-03-02 22:46:37 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | Python Software Foundation. |
| 6 | All rights reserved. |
Guido van Rossum | 4405cf3 | 2007-08-30 17:16:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 7 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 8 | Python 3.x is a new version of the language, which is incompatible with the 2.x |
| 9 | line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details, especially |
| 10 | how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have changed |
| 11 | considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been removed. |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 12 | |
Guido van Rossum | 50e9fb9 | 2006-08-17 05:42:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 13 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 14 | Build Instructions |
| 15 | ------------------ |
Guido van Rossum | 3ff96dd | 1996-07-30 18:05:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | On Unix, Linux, BSD, OSX, and Cygwin: |
| 18 | |
| 19 | ./configure |
| 20 | make |
| 21 | make test |
| 22 | sudo make install |
| 23 | |
| 24 | This will install Python as python3. |
| 25 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 26 | You can pass many options to the configure script; run "./configure --help" to |
| 27 | find out more. On OSX and Cygwin, the executable is called python.exe; |
| 28 | elsewhere it's just python. |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 30 | On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework, you should |
| 31 | use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation. Note that this installs the |
| 32 | Python executable in a place that is not normally on your PATH, you may want to |
| 33 | set up a symlink in /usr/local/bin. |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 34 | |
| 35 | On Windows, see PCbuild/readme.txt. |
| 36 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 37 | If you wish, you can create a subdirectory and invoke configure from there. For |
| 38 | example: |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 39 | |
| 40 | mkdir debug |
| 41 | cd debug |
| 42 | ../configure --with-pydebug |
| 43 | make |
| 44 | make test |
| 45 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 46 | (This will fail if you *also* built at the top-level directory. You should do a |
| 47 | "make clean" at the toplevel first.) |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 48 | |
| 49 | |
| 50 | What's New |
| 51 | ---------- |
| 52 | |
| 53 | We try to have a comprehensive overview of the changes in the "What's New in |
Georg Brandl | 62069d3 | 2010-07-31 08:56:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | Python 3.2" document, found at |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 55 | |
Georg Brandl | 75f2f82 | 2010-08-02 21:07:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 56 | http://docs.python.org/3.2/whatsnew/3.2.html |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | For a more detailed change log, read Misc/NEWS (though this file, too, is |
| 59 | incomplete, and also doesn't list anything merged in from the 2.7 release under |
| 60 | development). |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 61 | |
| 62 | If you want to install multiple versions of Python see the section below |
| 63 | entitled "Installing multiple versions". |
Guido van Rossum | 8d90f9d | 1997-05-22 20:13:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 64 | |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 65 | |
Guido van Rossum | c07d5fa | 2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | Documentation |
| 67 | ------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 68 | |
Georg Brandl | 62069d3 | 2010-07-31 08:56:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 69 | Documentation for Python 3.2 is online, updated daily: |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 70 | |
Georg Brandl | 75f2f82 | 2010-08-02 21:07:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 71 | http://docs.python.org/3.2/ |
Guido van Rossum | c07d5fa | 2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 72 | |
Georg Brandl | 62069d3 | 2010-07-31 08:56:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 73 | It can also be downloaded in many formats for faster access. The documentation |
| 74 | is downloadable in HTML, PDF, and reStructuredText formats; the latter version |
| 75 | is primarily for documentation authors, translators, and people with special |
| 76 | formatting requirements. |
Benjamin Peterson | 2a691a8 | 2008-03-31 01:51:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 77 | |
Guido van Rossum | c07d5fa | 2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 78 | |
Barry Warsaw | 97f005d | 2008-12-03 16:46:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | Converting From Python 2.x to 3.x |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 80 | --------------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 81 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 82 | Python starting with 2.6 contains features to help locating code that needs to |
| 83 | be changed, such as optional warnings when deprecated features are used, and |
| 84 | backported versions of certain key Python 3.x features. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 86 | A source-to-source translation tool, "2to3", can take care of the mundane task |
| 87 | of converting large amounts of source code. It is not a complete solution but |
| 88 | is complemented by the deprecation warnings in 2.6. See |
Georg Brandl | 75f2f82 | 2010-08-02 21:07:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | http://docs.python.org/3.2/library/2to3.html for more information. |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 91 | |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 92 | Testing |
| 93 | ------- |
| 94 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 95 | To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory. This runs |
| 96 | the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with the compiled files |
| 97 | left by the previous test run). The test set produces some output. You can |
| 98 | generally ignore the messages about skipped tests due to optional features which |
| 99 | can't be imported. If a message is printed about a failed test or a traceback |
Antoine Pitrou | e7fed67 | 2010-12-14 22:06:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 100 | or core dump is produced, something is wrong. |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | |
| 102 | By default, tests are prevented from overusing resources like disk space and |
| 103 | memory. To enable these tests, run "make testall". |
| 104 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report, *don't* |
| 106 | include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the failing test |
| 107 | manually, as follows: |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 108 | |
Antoine Pitrou | e7fed67 | 2010-12-14 22:06:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 109 | ./python -m test -v test_whatever |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 111 | (substituting the top of the source tree for '.' if you built in a different |
| 112 | directory). This runs the test in verbose mode. |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | |
| 114 | |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 115 | Installing multiple versions |
| 116 | ---------------------------- |
| 117 | |
| 118 | On Unix and Mac systems if you intend to install multiple versions of Python |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 119 | using the same installation prefix (--prefix argument to the configure script) |
| 120 | you must take care that your primary python executable is not overwritten by the |
| 121 | installation of a different version. All files and directories installed using |
| 122 | "make altinstall" contain the major and minor version and can thus live |
| 123 | side-by-side. "make install" also creates ${prefix}/bin/python3 which refers to |
| 124 | ${prefix}/bin/pythonX.Y. If you intend to install multiple versions using the |
| 125 | same prefix you must decide which version (if any) is your "primary" version. |
| 126 | Install that version using "make install". Install all other versions using |
| 127 | "make altinstall". |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 128 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | For example, if you want to install Python 2.5, 2.6 and 3.2 with 2.6 being the |
| 130 | primary version, you would execute "make install" in your 2.6 build directory |
| 131 | and "make altinstall" in the others. |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 132 | |
| 133 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | Issue Tracker and Mailing List |
| 135 | ------------------------------ |
Michael W. Hudson | 71dcc3e | 2005-02-22 15:33:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | We're soliciting bug reports about all aspects of the language. Fixes are also |
| 138 | welcome, preferable in unified diff format. Please use the issue tracker: |
Fred Drake | 6caae14 | 2000-10-25 17:51:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | http://bugs.python.org/ |
Guido van Rossum | 76be6ed | 1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 141 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | If you're not sure whether you're dealing with a bug or a feature, use the |
| 143 | mailing list: |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 144 | |
Mark Dickinson | b9ebd04 | 2009-02-06 16:39:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | python-dev@python.org |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 146 | |
| 147 | To subscribe to the list, use the mailman form: |
| 148 | |
Mark Dickinson | b9ebd04 | 2009-02-06 16:39:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/ |
Georg Brandl | 81299ad | 2006-02-20 10:24:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | |
Michael W. Hudson | 71dcc3e | 2005-02-22 15:33:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 152 | Proposals for enhancement |
| 153 | ------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 154 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | If you have a proposal to change Python, you may want to send an email to the |
| 156 | comp.lang.python or python-ideas mailing lists for inital feedback. A Python |
| 157 | Enhancement Proposal (PEP) may be submitted if your idea gains ground. All |
| 158 | current PEPs, as well as guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at |
| 159 | http://www.python.org/dev/peps/. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 161 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 162 | Release Schedule |
| 163 | ---------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 164 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 95d6264 | 2010-06-20 15:27:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | See PEP 392 for release details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0392/ |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 166 | |
| 167 | |
| 168 | Copyright and License Information |
| 169 | --------------------------------- |
| 170 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 851ffef | 2010-06-20 15:27:42 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 171 | Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | Python Software Foundation. |
| 173 | All rights reserved. |
| 174 | |
| 175 | Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com. |
| 176 | All rights reserved. |
| 177 | |
| 178 | Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. |
| 179 | All rights reserved. |
| 180 | |
| 181 | Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. |
| 182 | All rights reserved. |
| 183 | |
| 184 | See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this |
| 185 | software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL |
| 186 | WARRANTIES. |
| 187 | |
| 188 | This Python distribution contains *no* GNU General Public License |
| 189 | (GPL) code, so it may be used in proprietary projects. There are |
| 190 | interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely optional. |
| 191 | |
| 192 | All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective |
| 193 | holders. |