Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | # |
| 2 | # turtle.py: a Tkinter based turtle graphics module for Python |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | # Version 1.1b - 4. 5. 2009 |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | # |
Benjamin Peterson | 46a9900 | 2010-01-09 18:45:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | # Copyright (C) 2006 - 2010 Gregor Lingl |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 6 | # email: glingl@aon.at |
| 7 | # |
| 8 | # This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied |
| 9 | # warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages |
| 10 | # arising from the use of this software. |
| 11 | # |
| 12 | # Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, |
| 13 | # including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it |
| 14 | # freely, subject to the following restrictions: |
| 15 | # |
| 16 | # 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not |
| 17 | # claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software |
| 18 | # in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be |
| 19 | # appreciated but is not required. |
| 20 | # 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be |
| 21 | # misrepresented as being the original software. |
| 22 | # 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution. |
| 23 | |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | """ |
| 26 | Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to |
| 27 | kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 28 | by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | |
| 30 | Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. Give it |
| 31 | the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in |
| 32 | the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the |
| 33 | command turtle.left(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. |
| 34 | |
| 35 | By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and |
| 36 | pictures can easily be drawn. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 37 | |
| 38 | ----- turtle.py |
| 39 | |
| 40 | This module is an extended reimplementation of turtle.py from the |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 41 | Python standard distribution up to Python 2.5. (See: http://www.python.org) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | |
| 43 | It tries to keep the merits of turtle.py and to be (nearly) 100% |
| 44 | compatible with it. This means in the first place to enable the |
| 45 | learning programmer to use all the commands, classes and methods |
| 46 | interactively when using the module from within IDLE run with |
| 47 | the -n switch. |
| 48 | |
| 49 | Roughly it has the following features added: |
| 50 | |
| 51 | - Better animation of the turtle movements, especially of turning the |
| 52 | turtle. So the turtles can more easily be used as a visual feedback |
| 53 | instrument by the (beginning) programmer. |
| 54 | |
| 55 | - Different turtle shapes, gif-images as turtle shapes, user defined |
| 56 | and user controllable turtle shapes, among them compound |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | (multicolored) shapes. Turtle shapes can be stretched and tilted, which |
Mark Dickinson | 0fc61cc | 2009-02-20 20:50:21 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | makes turtles very versatile geometrical objects. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 59 | |
| 60 | - Fine control over turtle movement and screen updates via delay(), |
| 61 | and enhanced tracer() and speed() methods. |
| 62 | |
| 63 | - Aliases for the most commonly used commands, like fd for forward etc., |
| 64 | following the early Logo traditions. This reduces the boring work of |
| 65 | typing long sequences of commands, which often occur in a natural way |
| 66 | when kids try to program fancy pictures on their first encounter with |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 67 | turtle graphics. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 68 | |
| 69 | - Turtles now have an undo()-method with configurable undo-buffer. |
| 70 | |
| 71 | - Some simple commands/methods for creating event driven programs |
| 72 | (mouse-, key-, timer-events). Especially useful for programming games. |
| 73 | |
| 74 | - A scrollable Canvas class. The default scrollable Canvas can be |
| 75 | extended interactively as needed while playing around with the turtle(s). |
| 76 | |
| 77 | - A TurtleScreen class with methods controlling background color or |
| 78 | background image, window and canvas size and other properties of the |
| 79 | TurtleScreen. |
| 80 | |
| 81 | - There is a method, setworldcoordinates(), to install a user defined |
| 82 | coordinate-system for the TurtleScreen. |
| 83 | |
| 84 | - The implementation uses a 2-vector class named Vec2D, derived from tuple. |
| 85 | This class is public, so it can be imported by the application programmer, |
| 86 | which makes certain types of computations very natural and compact. |
| 87 | |
| 88 | - Appearance of the TurtleScreen and the Turtles at startup/import can be |
| 89 | configured by means of a turtle.cfg configuration file. |
| 90 | The default configuration mimics the appearance of the old turtle module. |
| 91 | |
| 92 | - If configured appropriately the module reads in docstrings from a docstring |
| 93 | dictionary in some different language, supplied separately and replaces |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | the English ones by those read in. There is a utility function |
| 95 | write_docstringdict() to write a dictionary with the original (English) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 96 | docstrings to disc, so it can serve as a template for translations. |
| 97 | |
| 98 | Behind the scenes there are some features included with possible |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 99 | extensions in in mind. These will be commented and documented elsewhere. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 100 | |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | """ |
| 102 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 103 | _ver = "turtle 1.1b- - for Python 3.1 - 4. 5. 2009" |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 104 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | # print(_ver) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | import tkinter as TK |
| 108 | import types |
| 109 | import math |
| 110 | import time |
| 111 | import os |
Alexander Belopolsky | c1a6836 | 2010-10-27 13:25:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 112 | import inspect |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 114 | from os.path import isfile, split, join |
| 115 | from copy import deepcopy |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | from tkinter import simpledialog |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 117 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 118 | _tg_classes = ['ScrolledCanvas', 'TurtleScreen', 'Screen', |
| 119 | 'RawTurtle', 'Turtle', 'RawPen', 'Pen', 'Shape', 'Vec2D'] |
| 120 | _tg_screen_functions = ['addshape', 'bgcolor', 'bgpic', 'bye', |
| 121 | 'clearscreen', 'colormode', 'delay', 'exitonclick', 'getcanvas', |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 122 | 'getshapes', 'listen', 'mainloop', 'mode', 'numinput', |
| 123 | 'onkey', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyrelease', 'onscreenclick', 'ontimer', |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 124 | 'register_shape', 'resetscreen', 'screensize', 'setup', |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | 'setworldcoordinates', 'textinput', 'title', 'tracer', 'turtles', 'update', |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 126 | 'window_height', 'window_width'] |
| 127 | _tg_turtle_functions = ['back', 'backward', 'begin_fill', 'begin_poly', 'bk', |
| 128 | 'circle', 'clear', 'clearstamp', 'clearstamps', 'clone', 'color', |
| 129 | 'degrees', 'distance', 'dot', 'down', 'end_fill', 'end_poly', 'fd', |
Georg Brandl | 46afef3 | 2009-10-14 18:46:15 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 130 | 'fillcolor', 'filling', 'forward', 'get_poly', 'getpen', 'getscreen', 'get_shapepoly', |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 131 | 'getturtle', 'goto', 'heading', 'hideturtle', 'home', 'ht', 'isdown', |
| 132 | 'isvisible', 'left', 'lt', 'onclick', 'ondrag', 'onrelease', 'pd', |
| 133 | 'pen', 'pencolor', 'pendown', 'pensize', 'penup', 'pos', 'position', |
| 134 | 'pu', 'radians', 'right', 'reset', 'resizemode', 'rt', |
| 135 | 'seth', 'setheading', 'setpos', 'setposition', 'settiltangle', |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | 'setundobuffer', 'setx', 'sety', 'shape', 'shapesize', 'shapetransform', 'shearfactor', 'showturtle', |
| 137 | 'speed', 'st', 'stamp', 'tilt', 'tiltangle', 'towards', |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 138 | 'turtlesize', 'undo', 'undobufferentries', 'up', 'width', |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | 'write', 'xcor', 'ycor'] |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | _tg_utilities = ['write_docstringdict', 'done'] |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 141 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | __all__ = (_tg_classes + _tg_screen_functions + _tg_turtle_functions + |
| 143 | _tg_utilities) # + _math_functions) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 144 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | _alias_list = ['addshape', 'backward', 'bk', 'fd', 'ht', 'lt', 'pd', 'pos', |
| 146 | 'pu', 'rt', 'seth', 'setpos', 'setposition', 'st', |
| 147 | 'turtlesize', 'up', 'width'] |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | _CFG = {"width" : 0.5, # Screen |
| 150 | "height" : 0.75, |
| 151 | "canvwidth" : 400, |
| 152 | "canvheight": 300, |
| 153 | "leftright": None, |
| 154 | "topbottom": None, |
| 155 | "mode": "standard", # TurtleScreen |
| 156 | "colormode": 1.0, |
| 157 | "delay": 10, |
| 158 | "undobuffersize": 1000, # RawTurtle |
| 159 | "shape": "classic", |
| 160 | "pencolor" : "black", |
| 161 | "fillcolor" : "black", |
| 162 | "resizemode" : "noresize", |
| 163 | "visible" : True, |
| 164 | "language": "english", # docstrings |
| 165 | "exampleturtle": "turtle", |
| 166 | "examplescreen": "screen", |
| 167 | "title": "Python Turtle Graphics", |
| 168 | "using_IDLE": False |
| 169 | } |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 170 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 171 | def config_dict(filename): |
| 172 | """Convert content of config-file into dictionary.""" |
Florent Xicluna | 7dde792 | 2010-09-03 19:52:03 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 173 | with open(filename, "r") as f: |
| 174 | cfglines = f.readlines() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 175 | cfgdict = {} |
| 176 | for line in cfglines: |
| 177 | line = line.strip() |
| 178 | if not line or line.startswith("#"): |
| 179 | continue |
| 180 | try: |
| 181 | key, value = line.split("=") |
| 182 | except: |
| 183 | print("Bad line in config-file %s:\n%s" % (filename,line)) |
| 184 | continue |
| 185 | key = key.strip() |
| 186 | value = value.strip() |
| 187 | if value in ["True", "False", "None", "''", '""']: |
| 188 | value = eval(value) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 189 | else: |
| 190 | try: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | if "." in value: |
| 192 | value = float(value) |
| 193 | else: |
| 194 | value = int(value) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 195 | except: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 196 | pass # value need not be converted |
| 197 | cfgdict[key] = value |
| 198 | return cfgdict |
Guido van Rossum | 3c7a25a | 2001-08-09 16:42:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 199 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 200 | def readconfig(cfgdict): |
| 201 | """Read config-files, change configuration-dict accordingly. |
Guido van Rossum | 3c7a25a | 2001-08-09 16:42:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 202 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 203 | If there is a turtle.cfg file in the current working directory, |
| 204 | read it from there. If this contains an importconfig-value, |
| 205 | say 'myway', construct filename turtle_mayway.cfg else use |
| 206 | turtle.cfg and read it from the import-directory, where |
| 207 | turtle.py is located. |
| 208 | Update configuration dictionary first according to config-file, |
| 209 | in the import directory, then according to config-file in the |
| 210 | current working directory. |
| 211 | If no config-file is found, the default configuration is used. |
| 212 | """ |
| 213 | default_cfg = "turtle.cfg" |
| 214 | cfgdict1 = {} |
| 215 | cfgdict2 = {} |
| 216 | if isfile(default_cfg): |
| 217 | cfgdict1 = config_dict(default_cfg) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 218 | if "importconfig" in cfgdict1: |
| 219 | default_cfg = "turtle_%s.cfg" % cfgdict1["importconfig"] |
| 220 | try: |
| 221 | head, tail = split(__file__) |
| 222 | cfg_file2 = join(head, default_cfg) |
| 223 | except: |
| 224 | cfg_file2 = "" |
| 225 | if isfile(cfg_file2): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 226 | cfgdict2 = config_dict(cfg_file2) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 227 | _CFG.update(cfgdict2) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 228 | _CFG.update(cfgdict1) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 229 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 230 | try: |
| 231 | readconfig(_CFG) |
| 232 | except: |
| 233 | print ("No configfile read, reason unknown") |
| 234 | |
| 235 | |
| 236 | class Vec2D(tuple): |
| 237 | """A 2 dimensional vector class, used as a helper class |
| 238 | for implementing turtle graphics. |
| 239 | May be useful for turtle graphics programs also. |
| 240 | Derived from tuple, so a vector is a tuple! |
| 241 | |
| 242 | Provides (for a, b vectors, k number): |
| 243 | a+b vector addition |
| 244 | a-b vector subtraction |
| 245 | a*b inner product |
| 246 | k*a and a*k multiplication with scalar |
| 247 | |a| absolute value of a |
| 248 | a.rotate(angle) rotation |
| 249 | """ |
| 250 | def __new__(cls, x, y): |
| 251 | return tuple.__new__(cls, (x, y)) |
| 252 | def __add__(self, other): |
| 253 | return Vec2D(self[0]+other[0], self[1]+other[1]) |
| 254 | def __mul__(self, other): |
| 255 | if isinstance(other, Vec2D): |
| 256 | return self[0]*other[0]+self[1]*other[1] |
| 257 | return Vec2D(self[0]*other, self[1]*other) |
| 258 | def __rmul__(self, other): |
| 259 | if isinstance(other, int) or isinstance(other, float): |
| 260 | return Vec2D(self[0]*other, self[1]*other) |
| 261 | def __sub__(self, other): |
| 262 | return Vec2D(self[0]-other[0], self[1]-other[1]) |
| 263 | def __neg__(self): |
| 264 | return Vec2D(-self[0], -self[1]) |
| 265 | def __abs__(self): |
| 266 | return (self[0]**2 + self[1]**2)**0.5 |
| 267 | def rotate(self, angle): |
| 268 | """rotate self counterclockwise by angle |
| 269 | """ |
| 270 | perp = Vec2D(-self[1], self[0]) |
| 271 | angle = angle * math.pi / 180.0 |
| 272 | c, s = math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle) |
| 273 | return Vec2D(self[0]*c+perp[0]*s, self[1]*c+perp[1]*s) |
| 274 | def __getnewargs__(self): |
| 275 | return (self[0], self[1]) |
| 276 | def __repr__(self): |
| 277 | return "(%.2f,%.2f)" % self |
| 278 | |
| 279 | |
| 280 | ############################################################################## |
| 281 | ### From here up to line : Tkinter - Interface for turtle.py ### |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 282 | ### May be replaced by an interface to some different graphics toolkit ### |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 283 | ############################################################################## |
| 284 | |
| 285 | ## helper functions for Scrolled Canvas, to forward Canvas-methods |
| 286 | ## to ScrolledCanvas class |
| 287 | |
| 288 | def __methodDict(cls, _dict): |
| 289 | """helper function for Scrolled Canvas""" |
| 290 | baseList = list(cls.__bases__) |
| 291 | baseList.reverse() |
| 292 | for _super in baseList: |
| 293 | __methodDict(_super, _dict) |
| 294 | for key, value in cls.__dict__.items(): |
| 295 | if type(value) == types.FunctionType: |
| 296 | _dict[key] = value |
| 297 | |
| 298 | def __methods(cls): |
| 299 | """helper function for Scrolled Canvas""" |
| 300 | _dict = {} |
| 301 | __methodDict(cls, _dict) |
| 302 | return _dict.keys() |
| 303 | |
| 304 | __stringBody = ( |
| 305 | 'def %(method)s(self, *args, **kw): return ' + |
| 306 | 'self.%(attribute)s.%(method)s(*args, **kw)') |
| 307 | |
| 308 | def __forwardmethods(fromClass, toClass, toPart, exclude = ()): |
| 309 | ### MANY CHANGES ### |
| 310 | _dict_1 = {} |
| 311 | __methodDict(toClass, _dict_1) |
| 312 | _dict = {} |
| 313 | mfc = __methods(fromClass) |
| 314 | for ex in _dict_1.keys(): |
| 315 | if ex[:1] == '_' or ex[-1:] == '_' or ex in exclude or ex in mfc: |
| 316 | pass |
| 317 | else: |
| 318 | _dict[ex] = _dict_1[ex] |
| 319 | |
| 320 | for method, func in _dict.items(): |
| 321 | d = {'method': method, 'func': func} |
| 322 | if isinstance(toPart, str): |
| 323 | execString = \ |
| 324 | __stringBody % {'method' : method, 'attribute' : toPart} |
| 325 | exec(execString, d) |
| 326 | setattr(fromClass, method, d[method]) ### NEWU! |
| 327 | |
| 328 | |
| 329 | class ScrolledCanvas(TK.Frame): |
| 330 | """Modeled after the scrolled canvas class from Grayons's Tkinter book. |
| 331 | |
| 332 | Used as the default canvas, which pops up automatically when |
| 333 | using turtle graphics functions or the Turtle class. |
| 334 | """ |
| 335 | def __init__(self, master, width=500, height=350, |
| 336 | canvwidth=600, canvheight=500): |
| 337 | TK.Frame.__init__(self, master, width=width, height=height) |
Martin v. Löwis | 22d297b | 2008-11-19 09:14:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 338 | self._rootwindow = self.winfo_toplevel() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 339 | self.width, self.height = width, height |
| 340 | self.canvwidth, self.canvheight = canvwidth, canvheight |
| 341 | self.bg = "white" |
| 342 | self._canvas = TK.Canvas(master, width=width, height=height, |
| 343 | bg=self.bg, relief=TK.SUNKEN, borderwidth=2) |
| 344 | self.hscroll = TK.Scrollbar(master, command=self._canvas.xview, |
| 345 | orient=TK.HORIZONTAL) |
| 346 | self.vscroll = TK.Scrollbar(master, command=self._canvas.yview) |
| 347 | self._canvas.configure(xscrollcommand=self.hscroll.set, |
| 348 | yscrollcommand=self.vscroll.set) |
| 349 | self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=0) |
| 350 | self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1, minsize=0) |
| 351 | self._canvas.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0, |
| 352 | column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
| 353 | self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0, |
| 354 | column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
| 355 | self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=1, |
| 356 | column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
| 357 | self.reset() |
Martin v. Löwis | 22d297b | 2008-11-19 09:14:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 358 | self._rootwindow.bind('<Configure>', self.onResize) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 359 | |
| 360 | def reset(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg = None): |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 361 | """Adjust canvas and scrollbars according to given canvas size.""" |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 362 | if canvwidth: |
| 363 | self.canvwidth = canvwidth |
| 364 | if canvheight: |
| 365 | self.canvheight = canvheight |
| 366 | if bg: |
| 367 | self.bg = bg |
| 368 | self._canvas.config(bg=bg, |
| 369 | scrollregion=(-self.canvwidth//2, -self.canvheight//2, |
| 370 | self.canvwidth//2, self.canvheight//2)) |
| 371 | self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth - self.width + 30) / |
| 372 | self.canvwidth) |
| 373 | self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight- self.height + 30) / |
| 374 | self.canvheight) |
| 375 | self.adjustScrolls() |
| 376 | |
| 377 | |
| 378 | def adjustScrolls(self): |
| 379 | """ Adjust scrollbars according to window- and canvas-size. |
| 380 | """ |
| 381 | cwidth = self._canvas.winfo_width() |
| 382 | cheight = self._canvas.winfo_height() |
| 383 | self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth-cwidth)/self.canvwidth) |
| 384 | self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight-cheight)/self.canvheight) |
| 385 | if cwidth < self.canvwidth or cheight < self.canvheight: |
| 386 | self.hscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=1, |
| 387 | column=0, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
| 388 | self.vscroll.grid(padx=1, in_ = self, pady=1, row=0, |
| 389 | column=1, rowspan=1, columnspan=1, sticky='news') |
| 390 | else: |
| 391 | self.hscroll.grid_forget() |
| 392 | self.vscroll.grid_forget() |
| 393 | |
| 394 | def onResize(self, event): |
| 395 | """self-explanatory""" |
| 396 | self.adjustScrolls() |
| 397 | |
| 398 | def bbox(self, *args): |
| 399 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
| 400 | """ |
| 401 | return self._canvas.bbox(*args) |
| 402 | |
| 403 | def cget(self, *args, **kwargs): |
| 404 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
| 405 | """ |
| 406 | return self._canvas.cget(*args, **kwargs) |
| 407 | |
| 408 | def config(self, *args, **kwargs): |
| 409 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
| 410 | """ |
| 411 | self._canvas.config(*args, **kwargs) |
| 412 | |
| 413 | def bind(self, *args, **kwargs): |
| 414 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
| 415 | """ |
| 416 | self._canvas.bind(*args, **kwargs) |
| 417 | |
| 418 | def unbind(self, *args, **kwargs): |
| 419 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
| 420 | """ |
| 421 | self._canvas.unbind(*args, **kwargs) |
| 422 | |
| 423 | def focus_force(self): |
| 424 | """ 'forward' method, which canvas itself has inherited... |
| 425 | """ |
| 426 | self._canvas.focus_force() |
| 427 | |
| 428 | __forwardmethods(ScrolledCanvas, TK.Canvas, '_canvas') |
| 429 | |
| 430 | |
| 431 | class _Root(TK.Tk): |
| 432 | """Root class for Screen based on Tkinter.""" |
| 433 | def __init__(self): |
| 434 | TK.Tk.__init__(self) |
| 435 | |
| 436 | def setupcanvas(self, width, height, cwidth, cheight): |
| 437 | self._canvas = ScrolledCanvas(self, width, height, cwidth, cheight) |
| 438 | self._canvas.pack(expand=1, fill="both") |
| 439 | |
| 440 | def _getcanvas(self): |
| 441 | return self._canvas |
| 442 | |
| 443 | def set_geometry(self, width, height, startx, starty): |
| 444 | self.geometry("%dx%d%+d%+d"%(width, height, startx, starty)) |
| 445 | |
| 446 | def ondestroy(self, destroy): |
| 447 | self.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", destroy) |
| 448 | |
| 449 | def win_width(self): |
| 450 | return self.winfo_screenwidth() |
| 451 | |
| 452 | def win_height(self): |
| 453 | return self.winfo_screenheight() |
| 454 | |
| 455 | Canvas = TK.Canvas |
| 456 | |
| 457 | |
| 458 | class TurtleScreenBase(object): |
| 459 | """Provide the basic graphics functionality. |
| 460 | Interface between Tkinter and turtle.py. |
| 461 | |
| 462 | To port turtle.py to some different graphics toolkit |
| 463 | a corresponding TurtleScreenBase class has to be implemented. |
| 464 | """ |
| 465 | |
| 466 | @staticmethod |
| 467 | def _blankimage(): |
| 468 | """return a blank image object |
| 469 | """ |
| 470 | img = TK.PhotoImage(width=1, height=1) |
| 471 | img.blank() |
| 472 | return img |
| 473 | |
| 474 | @staticmethod |
| 475 | def _image(filename): |
| 476 | """return an image object containing the |
| 477 | imagedata from a gif-file named filename. |
| 478 | """ |
| 479 | return TK.PhotoImage(file=filename) |
| 480 | |
| 481 | def __init__(self, cv): |
| 482 | self.cv = cv |
| 483 | if isinstance(cv, ScrolledCanvas): |
| 484 | w = self.cv.canvwidth |
| 485 | h = self.cv.canvheight |
| 486 | else: # expected: ordinary TK.Canvas |
| 487 | w = int(self.cv.cget("width")) |
| 488 | h = int(self.cv.cget("height")) |
| 489 | self.cv.config(scrollregion = (-w//2, -h//2, w//2, h//2 )) |
| 490 | self.canvwidth = w |
| 491 | self.canvheight = h |
| 492 | self.xscale = self.yscale = 1.0 |
| 493 | |
| 494 | def _createpoly(self): |
| 495 | """Create an invisible polygon item on canvas self.cv) |
| 496 | """ |
| 497 | return self.cv.create_polygon((0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), fill="", outline="") |
| 498 | |
| 499 | def _drawpoly(self, polyitem, coordlist, fill=None, |
| 500 | outline=None, width=None, top=False): |
| 501 | """Configure polygonitem polyitem according to provided |
| 502 | arguments: |
| 503 | coordlist is sequence of coordinates |
| 504 | fill is filling color |
| 505 | outline is outline color |
| 506 | top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem |
| 507 | will be put on top of the canvas' displaylist so it |
| 508 | will not be covered by other items. |
| 509 | """ |
| 510 | cl = [] |
| 511 | for x, y in coordlist: |
| 512 | cl.append(x * self.xscale) |
| 513 | cl.append(-y * self.yscale) |
| 514 | self.cv.coords(polyitem, *cl) |
| 515 | if fill is not None: |
| 516 | self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, fill=fill) |
| 517 | if outline is not None: |
| 518 | self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, outline=outline) |
| 519 | if width is not None: |
| 520 | self.cv.itemconfigure(polyitem, width=width) |
| 521 | if top: |
| 522 | self.cv.tag_raise(polyitem) |
| 523 | |
| 524 | def _createline(self): |
| 525 | """Create an invisible line item on canvas self.cv) |
| 526 | """ |
| 527 | return self.cv.create_line(0, 0, 0, 0, fill="", width=2, |
| 528 | capstyle = TK.ROUND) |
| 529 | |
| 530 | def _drawline(self, lineitem, coordlist=None, |
| 531 | fill=None, width=None, top=False): |
| 532 | """Configure lineitem according to provided arguments: |
| 533 | coordlist is sequence of coordinates |
| 534 | fill is drawing color |
| 535 | width is width of drawn line. |
| 536 | top is a boolean value, which specifies if polyitem |
| 537 | will be put on top of the canvas' displaylist so it |
| 538 | will not be covered by other items. |
| 539 | """ |
| 540 | if coordlist is not None: |
| 541 | cl = [] |
| 542 | for x, y in coordlist: |
| 543 | cl.append(x * self.xscale) |
| 544 | cl.append(-y * self.yscale) |
| 545 | self.cv.coords(lineitem, *cl) |
| 546 | if fill is not None: |
| 547 | self.cv.itemconfigure(lineitem, fill=fill) |
| 548 | if width is not None: |
| 549 | self.cv.itemconfigure(lineitem, width=width) |
| 550 | if top: |
| 551 | self.cv.tag_raise(lineitem) |
| 552 | |
| 553 | def _delete(self, item): |
| 554 | """Delete graphics item from canvas. |
| 555 | If item is"all" delete all graphics items. |
| 556 | """ |
| 557 | self.cv.delete(item) |
| 558 | |
| 559 | def _update(self): |
| 560 | """Redraw graphics items on canvas |
| 561 | """ |
| 562 | self.cv.update() |
| 563 | |
| 564 | def _delay(self, delay): |
| 565 | """Delay subsequent canvas actions for delay ms.""" |
| 566 | self.cv.after(delay) |
| 567 | |
| 568 | def _iscolorstring(self, color): |
| 569 | """Check if the string color is a legal Tkinter color string. |
| 570 | """ |
| 571 | try: |
| 572 | rgb = self.cv.winfo_rgb(color) |
| 573 | ok = True |
| 574 | except TK.TclError: |
| 575 | ok = False |
| 576 | return ok |
| 577 | |
| 578 | def _bgcolor(self, color=None): |
| 579 | """Set canvas' backgroundcolor if color is not None, |
| 580 | else return backgroundcolor.""" |
| 581 | if color is not None: |
| 582 | self.cv.config(bg = color) |
| 583 | self._update() |
| 584 | else: |
| 585 | return self.cv.cget("bg") |
| 586 | |
| 587 | def _write(self, pos, txt, align, font, pencolor): |
| 588 | """Write txt at pos in canvas with specified font |
| 589 | and color. |
| 590 | Return text item and x-coord of right bottom corner |
| 591 | of text's bounding box.""" |
| 592 | x, y = pos |
| 593 | x = x * self.xscale |
| 594 | y = y * self.yscale |
| 595 | anchor = {"left":"sw", "center":"s", "right":"se" } |
| 596 | item = self.cv.create_text(x-1, -y, text = txt, anchor = anchor[align], |
| 597 | fill = pencolor, font = font) |
| 598 | x0, y0, x1, y1 = self.cv.bbox(item) |
| 599 | self.cv.update() |
| 600 | return item, x1-1 |
| 601 | |
| 602 | ## def _dot(self, pos, size, color): |
| 603 | ## """may be implemented for some other graphics toolkit""" |
| 604 | |
| 605 | def _onclick(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None): |
| 606 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on turtle. |
| 607 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates |
| 608 | of the clicked point on the canvas. |
| 609 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
| 610 | """ |
| 611 | if fun is None: |
| 612 | self.cv.tag_unbind(item, "<Button-%s>" % num) |
| 613 | else: |
| 614 | def eventfun(event): |
| 615 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
| 616 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
| 617 | fun(x, y) |
| 618 | self.cv.tag_bind(item, "<Button-%s>" % num, eventfun, add) |
| 619 | |
| 620 | def _onrelease(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None): |
| 621 | """Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on turtle. |
| 622 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates |
| 623 | of the point on the canvas where mouse button is released. |
| 624 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
| 625 | |
| 626 | If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed, |
| 627 | then _onscreensclick-event. |
| 628 | """ |
| 629 | if fun is None: |
| 630 | self.cv.tag_unbind(item, "<Button%s-ButtonRelease>" % num) |
| 631 | else: |
| 632 | def eventfun(event): |
| 633 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
| 634 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
| 635 | fun(x, y) |
| 636 | self.cv.tag_bind(item, "<Button%s-ButtonRelease>" % num, |
| 637 | eventfun, add) |
| 638 | |
| 639 | def _ondrag(self, item, fun, num=1, add=None): |
| 640 | """Bind fun to mouse-move-event (with pressed mouse button) on turtle. |
| 641 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the |
| 642 | actual mouse position on the canvas. |
| 643 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
| 644 | |
| 645 | Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a |
| 646 | mouse-click event on that turtle. |
| 647 | """ |
| 648 | if fun is None: |
| 649 | self.cv.tag_unbind(item, "<Button%s-Motion>" % num) |
| 650 | else: |
| 651 | def eventfun(event): |
| 652 | try: |
| 653 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
| 654 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
| 655 | fun(x, y) |
| 656 | except: |
| 657 | pass |
| 658 | self.cv.tag_bind(item, "<Button%s-Motion>" % num, eventfun, add) |
| 659 | |
| 660 | def _onscreenclick(self, fun, num=1, add=None): |
| 661 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas. |
| 662 | fun must be a function with two arguments, the coordinates |
| 663 | of the clicked point on the canvas. |
| 664 | num, the number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 |
| 665 | |
| 666 | If a turtle is clicked, first _onclick-event will be performed, |
| 667 | then _onscreensclick-event. |
| 668 | """ |
| 669 | if fun is None: |
| 670 | self.cv.unbind("<Button-%s>" % num) |
| 671 | else: |
| 672 | def eventfun(event): |
| 673 | x, y = (self.cv.canvasx(event.x)/self.xscale, |
| 674 | -self.cv.canvasy(event.y)/self.yscale) |
| 675 | fun(x, y) |
| 676 | self.cv.bind("<Button-%s>" % num, eventfun, add) |
| 677 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 678 | def _onkeyrelease(self, fun, key): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 679 | """Bind fun to key-release event of key. |
| 680 | Canvas must have focus. See method listen |
| 681 | """ |
| 682 | if fun is None: |
| 683 | self.cv.unbind("<KeyRelease-%s>" % key, None) |
| 684 | else: |
| 685 | def eventfun(event): |
| 686 | fun() |
| 687 | self.cv.bind("<KeyRelease-%s>" % key, eventfun) |
| 688 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 689 | def _onkeypress(self, fun, key=None): |
| 690 | """If key is given, bind fun to key-press event of key. |
| 691 | Otherwise bind fun to any key-press. |
| 692 | Canvas must have focus. See method listen. |
| 693 | """ |
| 694 | if fun is None: |
| 695 | if key is None: |
| 696 | self.cv.unbind("<KeyPress>", None) |
| 697 | else: |
| 698 | self.cv.unbind("<KeyPress-%s>" % key, None) |
| 699 | else: |
| 700 | def eventfun(event): |
| 701 | fun() |
| 702 | if key is None: |
| 703 | self.cv.bind("<KeyPress>", eventfun) |
| 704 | else: |
| 705 | self.cv.bind("<KeyPress-%s>" % key, eventfun) |
| 706 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 707 | def _listen(self): |
| 708 | """Set focus on canvas (in order to collect key-events) |
| 709 | """ |
| 710 | self.cv.focus_force() |
| 711 | |
| 712 | def _ontimer(self, fun, t): |
| 713 | """Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds. |
| 714 | """ |
| 715 | if t == 0: |
| 716 | self.cv.after_idle(fun) |
| 717 | else: |
| 718 | self.cv.after(t, fun) |
| 719 | |
| 720 | def _createimage(self, image): |
| 721 | """Create and return image item on canvas. |
| 722 | """ |
| 723 | return self.cv.create_image(0, 0, image=image) |
| 724 | |
| 725 | def _drawimage(self, item, pos, image): |
| 726 | """Configure image item as to draw image object |
| 727 | at position (x,y) on canvas) |
| 728 | """ |
| 729 | x, y = pos |
| 730 | self.cv.coords(item, (x * self.xscale, -y * self.yscale)) |
| 731 | self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image) |
| 732 | |
| 733 | def _setbgpic(self, item, image): |
| 734 | """Configure image item as to draw image object |
| 735 | at center of canvas. Set item to the first item |
| 736 | in the displaylist, so it will be drawn below |
| 737 | any other item .""" |
| 738 | self.cv.itemconfig(item, image=image) |
| 739 | self.cv.tag_lower(item) |
| 740 | |
| 741 | def _type(self, item): |
| 742 | """Return 'line' or 'polygon' or 'image' depending on |
| 743 | type of item. |
| 744 | """ |
| 745 | return self.cv.type(item) |
| 746 | |
| 747 | def _pointlist(self, item): |
| 748 | """returns list of coordinate-pairs of points of item |
| 749 | Example (for insiders): |
| 750 | >>> from turtle import * |
| 751 | >>> getscreen()._pointlist(getturtle().turtle._item) |
| 752 | [(0.0, 9.9999999999999982), (0.0, -9.9999999999999982), |
| 753 | (9.9999999999999982, 0.0)] |
| 754 | >>> """ |
Alexander Belopolsky | 022f049 | 2010-11-22 19:40:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 755 | cl = self.cv.coords(item) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 756 | pl = [(cl[i], -cl[i+1]) for i in range(0, len(cl), 2)] |
| 757 | return pl |
| 758 | |
| 759 | def _setscrollregion(self, srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2): |
| 760 | self.cv.config(scrollregion=(srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2)) |
| 761 | |
| 762 | def _rescale(self, xscalefactor, yscalefactor): |
| 763 | items = self.cv.find_all() |
| 764 | for item in items: |
| 765 | coordinates = list(self.cv.coords(item)) |
| 766 | newcoordlist = [] |
| 767 | while coordinates: |
| 768 | x, y = coordinates[:2] |
| 769 | newcoordlist.append(x * xscalefactor) |
| 770 | newcoordlist.append(y * yscalefactor) |
| 771 | coordinates = coordinates[2:] |
| 772 | self.cv.coords(item, *newcoordlist) |
| 773 | |
| 774 | def _resize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None): |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 775 | """Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. Does |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 776 | not alter the drawing window. |
| 777 | """ |
| 778 | # needs amendment |
| 779 | if not isinstance(self.cv, ScrolledCanvas): |
| 780 | return self.canvwidth, self.canvheight |
Florent Xicluna | fd1b093 | 2010-03-28 00:25:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 781 | if canvwidth is canvheight is bg is None: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 782 | return self.cv.canvwidth, self.cv.canvheight |
| 783 | if canvwidth is not None: |
| 784 | self.canvwidth = canvwidth |
| 785 | if canvheight is not None: |
| 786 | self.canvheight = canvheight |
| 787 | self.cv.reset(canvwidth, canvheight, bg) |
| 788 | |
| 789 | def _window_size(self): |
| 790 | """ Return the width and height of the turtle window. |
| 791 | """ |
| 792 | width = self.cv.winfo_width() |
| 793 | if width <= 1: # the window isn't managed by a geometry manager |
| 794 | width = self.cv['width'] |
| 795 | height = self.cv.winfo_height() |
| 796 | if height <= 1: # the window isn't managed by a geometry manager |
| 797 | height = self.cv['height'] |
| 798 | return width, height |
| 799 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 800 | def mainloop(self): |
| 801 | """Starts event loop - calling Tkinter's mainloop function. |
| 802 | |
| 803 | No argument. |
| 804 | |
| 805 | Must be last statement in a turtle graphics program. |
| 806 | Must NOT be used if a script is run from within IDLE in -n mode |
| 807 | (No subprocess) - for interactive use of turtle graphics. |
| 808 | |
| 809 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 810 | >>> screen.mainloop() |
| 811 | |
| 812 | """ |
| 813 | TK.mainloop() |
| 814 | |
| 815 | def textinput(self, title, prompt): |
| 816 | """Pop up a dialog window for input of a string. |
| 817 | |
| 818 | Arguments: title is the title of the dialog window, |
| 819 | prompt is a text mostly describing what information to input. |
| 820 | |
| 821 | Return the string input |
| 822 | If the dialog is canceled, return None. |
| 823 | |
| 824 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 825 | >>> screen.textinput("NIM", "Name of first player:") |
| 826 | |
| 827 | """ |
| 828 | return simpledialog.askstring(title, prompt) |
| 829 | |
| 830 | def numinput(self, title, prompt, default=None, minval=None, maxval=None): |
| 831 | """Pop up a dialog window for input of a number. |
| 832 | |
| 833 | Arguments: title is the title of the dialog window, |
| 834 | prompt is a text mostly describing what numerical information to input. |
| 835 | default: default value |
| 836 | minval: minimum value for imput |
| 837 | maxval: maximum value for input |
| 838 | |
| 839 | The number input must be in the range minval .. maxval if these are |
| 840 | given. If not, a hint is issued and the dialog remains open for |
| 841 | correction. Return the number input. |
| 842 | If the dialog is canceled, return None. |
| 843 | |
| 844 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 845 | >>> screen.numinput("Poker", "Your stakes:", 1000, minval=10, maxval=10000) |
| 846 | |
| 847 | """ |
| 848 | return simpledialog.askfloat(title, prompt, initialvalue=default, |
| 849 | minvalue=minval, maxvalue=maxval) |
| 850 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 851 | |
| 852 | ############################################################################## |
| 853 | ### End of Tkinter - interface ### |
| 854 | ############################################################################## |
| 855 | |
| 856 | |
| 857 | class Terminator (Exception): |
| 858 | """Will be raised in TurtleScreen.update, if _RUNNING becomes False. |
| 859 | |
| 860 | Thus stops execution of turtle graphics script. Main purpose: use in |
| 861 | in the Demo-Viewer turtle.Demo.py. |
| 862 | """ |
| 863 | pass |
| 864 | |
| 865 | |
| 866 | class TurtleGraphicsError(Exception): |
| 867 | """Some TurtleGraphics Error |
| 868 | """ |
| 869 | |
| 870 | |
| 871 | class Shape(object): |
| 872 | """Data structure modeling shapes. |
| 873 | |
| 874 | attribute _type is one of "polygon", "image", "compound" |
| 875 | attribute _data is - depending on _type a poygon-tuple, |
| 876 | an image or a list constructed using the addcomponent method. |
| 877 | """ |
| 878 | def __init__(self, type_, data=None): |
| 879 | self._type = type_ |
| 880 | if type_ == "polygon": |
| 881 | if isinstance(data, list): |
| 882 | data = tuple(data) |
| 883 | elif type_ == "image": |
| 884 | if isinstance(data, str): |
| 885 | if data.lower().endswith(".gif") and isfile(data): |
| 886 | data = TurtleScreen._image(data) |
| 887 | # else data assumed to be Photoimage |
| 888 | elif type_ == "compound": |
| 889 | data = [] |
| 890 | else: |
| 891 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("There is no shape type %s" % type_) |
| 892 | self._data = data |
| 893 | |
| 894 | def addcomponent(self, poly, fill, outline=None): |
| 895 | """Add component to a shape of type compound. |
| 896 | |
| 897 | Arguments: poly is a polygon, i. e. a tuple of number pairs. |
| 898 | fill is the fillcolor of the component, |
| 899 | outline is the outline color of the component. |
| 900 | |
| 901 | call (for a Shapeobject namend s): |
| 902 | -- s.addcomponent(((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10)), "red", "blue") |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 903 | |
| 904 | Example: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 905 | >>> poly = ((0,0),(10,-5),(0,10),(-10,-5)) |
| 906 | >>> s = Shape("compound") |
| 907 | >>> s.addcomponent(poly, "red", "blue") |
| 908 | ### .. add more components and then use register_shape() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 909 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 910 | if self._type != "compound": |
| 911 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("Cannot add component to %s Shape" |
| 912 | % self._type) |
| 913 | if outline is None: |
| 914 | outline = fill |
| 915 | self._data.append([poly, fill, outline]) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 916 | |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 917 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 918 | class Tbuffer(object): |
| 919 | """Ring buffer used as undobuffer for RawTurtle objects.""" |
| 920 | def __init__(self, bufsize=10): |
| 921 | self.bufsize = bufsize |
| 922 | self.buffer = [[None]] * bufsize |
| 923 | self.ptr = -1 |
| 924 | self.cumulate = False |
| 925 | def reset(self, bufsize=None): |
| 926 | if bufsize is None: |
| 927 | for i in range(self.bufsize): |
| 928 | self.buffer[i] = [None] |
| 929 | else: |
| 930 | self.bufsize = bufsize |
| 931 | self.buffer = [[None]] * bufsize |
| 932 | self.ptr = -1 |
| 933 | def push(self, item): |
| 934 | if self.bufsize > 0: |
| 935 | if not self.cumulate: |
| 936 | self.ptr = (self.ptr + 1) % self.bufsize |
| 937 | self.buffer[self.ptr] = item |
| 938 | else: |
| 939 | self.buffer[self.ptr].append(item) |
| 940 | def pop(self): |
| 941 | if self.bufsize > 0: |
| 942 | item = self.buffer[self.ptr] |
| 943 | if item is None: |
| 944 | return None |
| 945 | else: |
| 946 | self.buffer[self.ptr] = [None] |
| 947 | self.ptr = (self.ptr - 1) % self.bufsize |
| 948 | return (item) |
| 949 | def nr_of_items(self): |
| 950 | return self.bufsize - self.buffer.count([None]) |
| 951 | def __repr__(self): |
| 952 | return str(self.buffer) + " " + str(self.ptr) |
| 953 | |
| 954 | |
| 955 | |
| 956 | class TurtleScreen(TurtleScreenBase): |
| 957 | """Provides screen oriented methods like setbg etc. |
| 958 | |
| 959 | Only relies upon the methods of TurtleScreenBase and NOT |
| 960 | upon components of the underlying graphics toolkit - |
| 961 | which is Tkinter in this case. |
| 962 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 963 | _RUNNING = True |
| 964 | |
| 965 | def __init__(self, cv, mode=_CFG["mode"], |
| 966 | colormode=_CFG["colormode"], delay=_CFG["delay"]): |
| 967 | self._shapes = { |
| 968 | "arrow" : Shape("polygon", ((-10,0), (10,0), (0,10))), |
| 969 | "turtle" : Shape("polygon", ((0,16), (-2,14), (-1,10), (-4,7), |
| 970 | (-7,9), (-9,8), (-6,5), (-7,1), (-5,-3), (-8,-6), |
| 971 | (-6,-8), (-4,-5), (0,-7), (4,-5), (6,-8), (8,-6), |
| 972 | (5,-3), (7,1), (6,5), (9,8), (7,9), (4,7), (1,10), |
| 973 | (2,14))), |
| 974 | "circle" : Shape("polygon", ((10,0), (9.51,3.09), (8.09,5.88), |
| 975 | (5.88,8.09), (3.09,9.51), (0,10), (-3.09,9.51), |
| 976 | (-5.88,8.09), (-8.09,5.88), (-9.51,3.09), (-10,0), |
| 977 | (-9.51,-3.09), (-8.09,-5.88), (-5.88,-8.09), |
| 978 | (-3.09,-9.51), (-0.00,-10.00), (3.09,-9.51), |
| 979 | (5.88,-8.09), (8.09,-5.88), (9.51,-3.09))), |
| 980 | "square" : Shape("polygon", ((10,-10), (10,10), (-10,10), |
| 981 | (-10,-10))), |
| 982 | "triangle" : Shape("polygon", ((10,-5.77), (0,11.55), |
| 983 | (-10,-5.77))), |
| 984 | "classic": Shape("polygon", ((0,0),(-5,-9),(0,-7),(5,-9))), |
| 985 | "blank" : Shape("image", self._blankimage()) |
| 986 | } |
| 987 | |
| 988 | self._bgpics = {"nopic" : ""} |
| 989 | |
| 990 | TurtleScreenBase.__init__(self, cv) |
| 991 | self._mode = mode |
| 992 | self._delayvalue = delay |
| 993 | self._colormode = _CFG["colormode"] |
| 994 | self._keys = [] |
| 995 | self.clear() |
| 996 | |
| 997 | def clear(self): |
| 998 | """Delete all drawings and all turtles from the TurtleScreen. |
| 999 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1000 | No argument. |
| 1001 | |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1002 | Reset empty TurtleScreen to its initial state: white background, |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1003 | no backgroundimage, no eventbindings and tracing on. |
| 1004 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1005 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1006 | screen.clear() |
| 1007 | |
| 1008 | Note: this method is not available as function. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1009 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1010 | self._delayvalue = _CFG["delay"] |
| 1011 | self._colormode = _CFG["colormode"] |
| 1012 | self._delete("all") |
| 1013 | self._bgpic = self._createimage("") |
| 1014 | self._bgpicname = "nopic" |
| 1015 | self._tracing = 1 |
| 1016 | self._updatecounter = 0 |
| 1017 | self._turtles = [] |
| 1018 | self.bgcolor("white") |
| 1019 | for btn in 1, 2, 3: |
| 1020 | self.onclick(None, btn) |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1021 | self.onkeypress(None) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1022 | for key in self._keys[:]: |
| 1023 | self.onkey(None, key) |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1024 | self.onkeypress(None, key) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1025 | Turtle._pen = None |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1026 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1027 | def mode(self, mode=None): |
| 1028 | """Set turtle-mode ('standard', 'logo' or 'world') and perform reset. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1029 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1030 | Optional argument: |
| 1031 | mode -- on of the strings 'standard', 'logo' or 'world' |
| 1032 | |
| 1033 | Mode 'standard' is compatible with turtle.py. |
| 1034 | Mode 'logo' is compatible with most Logo-Turtle-Graphics. |
| 1035 | Mode 'world' uses userdefined 'worldcoordinates'. *Attention*: in |
| 1036 | this mode angles appear distorted if x/y unit-ratio doesn't equal 1. |
| 1037 | If mode is not given, return the current mode. |
| 1038 | |
| 1039 | Mode Initial turtle heading positive angles |
| 1040 | ------------|-------------------------|------------------- |
| 1041 | 'standard' to the right (east) counterclockwise |
| 1042 | 'logo' upward (north) clockwise |
| 1043 | |
| 1044 | Examples: |
| 1045 | >>> mode('logo') # resets turtle heading to north |
| 1046 | >>> mode() |
| 1047 | 'logo' |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1048 | """ |
Florent Xicluna | fd1b093 | 2010-03-28 00:25:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1049 | if mode is None: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1050 | return self._mode |
| 1051 | mode = mode.lower() |
| 1052 | if mode not in ["standard", "logo", "world"]: |
| 1053 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("No turtle-graphics-mode %s" % mode) |
| 1054 | self._mode = mode |
| 1055 | if mode in ["standard", "logo"]: |
| 1056 | self._setscrollregion(-self.canvwidth//2, -self.canvheight//2, |
| 1057 | self.canvwidth//2, self.canvheight//2) |
| 1058 | self.xscale = self.yscale = 1.0 |
| 1059 | self.reset() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1060 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1061 | def setworldcoordinates(self, llx, lly, urx, ury): |
| 1062 | """Set up a user defined coordinate-system. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1063 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1064 | Arguments: |
| 1065 | llx -- a number, x-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas |
| 1066 | lly -- a number, y-coordinate of lower left corner of canvas |
| 1067 | urx -- a number, x-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas |
| 1068 | ury -- a number, y-coordinate of upper right corner of canvas |
| 1069 | |
| 1070 | Set up user coodinat-system and switch to mode 'world' if necessary. |
| 1071 | This performs a screen.reset. If mode 'world' is already active, |
| 1072 | all drawings are redrawn according to the new coordinates. |
| 1073 | |
| 1074 | But ATTENTION: in user-defined coordinatesystems angles may appear |
| 1075 | distorted. (see Screen.mode()) |
| 1076 | |
| 1077 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1078 | >>> screen.setworldcoordinates(-10,-0.5,50,1.5) |
| 1079 | >>> for _ in range(36): |
| 1080 | left(10) |
| 1081 | forward(0.5) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1082 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1083 | if self.mode() != "world": |
| 1084 | self.mode("world") |
| 1085 | xspan = float(urx - llx) |
| 1086 | yspan = float(ury - lly) |
| 1087 | wx, wy = self._window_size() |
| 1088 | self.screensize(wx-20, wy-20) |
| 1089 | oldxscale, oldyscale = self.xscale, self.yscale |
| 1090 | self.xscale = self.canvwidth / xspan |
| 1091 | self.yscale = self.canvheight / yspan |
| 1092 | srx1 = llx * self.xscale |
| 1093 | sry1 = -ury * self.yscale |
| 1094 | srx2 = self.canvwidth + srx1 |
| 1095 | sry2 = self.canvheight + sry1 |
| 1096 | self._setscrollregion(srx1, sry1, srx2, sry2) |
| 1097 | self._rescale(self.xscale/oldxscale, self.yscale/oldyscale) |
| 1098 | self.update() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1099 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1100 | def register_shape(self, name, shape=None): |
| 1101 | """Adds a turtle shape to TurtleScreen's shapelist. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1102 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1103 | Arguments: |
| 1104 | (1) name is the name of a gif-file and shape is None. |
| 1105 | Installs the corresponding image shape. |
| 1106 | !! Image-shapes DO NOT rotate when turning the turtle, |
| 1107 | !! so they do not display the heading of the turtle! |
| 1108 | (2) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a tuple |
| 1109 | of pairs of coordinates. Installs the corresponding |
| 1110 | polygon shape |
| 1111 | (3) name is an arbitrary string and shape is a |
| 1112 | (compound) Shape object. Installs the corresponding |
| 1113 | compound shape. |
| 1114 | To use a shape, you have to issue the command shape(shapename). |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1115 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1116 | call: register_shape("turtle.gif") |
| 1117 | --or: register_shape("tri", ((0,0), (10,10), (-10,10))) |
| 1118 | |
| 1119 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1120 | >>> screen.register_shape("triangle", ((5,-3),(0,5),(-5,-3))) |
| 1121 | |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1122 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1123 | if shape is None: |
| 1124 | # image |
| 1125 | if name.lower().endswith(".gif"): |
| 1126 | shape = Shape("image", self._image(name)) |
| 1127 | else: |
| 1128 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("Bad arguments for register_shape.\n" |
| 1129 | + "Use help(register_shape)" ) |
| 1130 | elif isinstance(shape, tuple): |
| 1131 | shape = Shape("polygon", shape) |
| 1132 | ## else shape assumed to be Shape-instance |
| 1133 | self._shapes[name] = shape |
Guido van Rossum | bffa52f | 2002-09-29 00:25:51 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1134 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1135 | def _colorstr(self, color): |
| 1136 | """Return color string corresponding to args. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1137 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1138 | Argument may be a string or a tuple of three |
| 1139 | numbers corresponding to actual colormode, |
| 1140 | i.e. in the range 0<=n<=colormode. |
| 1141 | |
| 1142 | If the argument doesn't represent a color, |
| 1143 | an error is raised. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1144 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1145 | if len(color) == 1: |
| 1146 | color = color[0] |
| 1147 | if isinstance(color, str): |
| 1148 | if self._iscolorstring(color) or color == "": |
| 1149 | return color |
| 1150 | else: |
| 1151 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color string: %s" % str(color)) |
| 1152 | try: |
| 1153 | r, g, b = color |
| 1154 | except: |
| 1155 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color arguments: %s" % str(color)) |
| 1156 | if self._colormode == 1.0: |
| 1157 | r, g, b = [round(255.0*x) for x in (r, g, b)] |
| 1158 | if not ((0 <= r <= 255) and (0 <= g <= 255) and (0 <= b <= 255)): |
| 1159 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color sequence: %s" % str(color)) |
| 1160 | return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r, g, b) |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1161 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1162 | def _color(self, cstr): |
| 1163 | if not cstr.startswith("#"): |
| 1164 | return cstr |
| 1165 | if len(cstr) == 7: |
| 1166 | cl = [int(cstr[i:i+2], 16) for i in (1, 3, 5)] |
| 1167 | elif len(cstr) == 4: |
| 1168 | cl = [16*int(cstr[h], 16) for h in cstr[1:]] |
| 1169 | else: |
| 1170 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad colorstring: %s" % cstr) |
| 1171 | return tuple([c * self._colormode/255 for c in cl]) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1172 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1173 | def colormode(self, cmode=None): |
| 1174 | """Return the colormode or set it to 1.0 or 255. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1175 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1176 | Optional argument: |
| 1177 | cmode -- one of the values 1.0 or 255 |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1178 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1179 | r, g, b values of colortriples have to be in range 0..cmode. |
| 1180 | |
| 1181 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1182 | >>> screen.colormode() |
| 1183 | 1.0 |
| 1184 | >>> screen.colormode(255) |
| 1185 | >>> turtle.pencolor(240,160,80) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1186 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1187 | if cmode is None: |
| 1188 | return self._colormode |
| 1189 | if cmode == 1.0: |
| 1190 | self._colormode = float(cmode) |
| 1191 | elif cmode == 255: |
| 1192 | self._colormode = int(cmode) |
| 1193 | |
| 1194 | def reset(self): |
| 1195 | """Reset all Turtles on the Screen to their initial state. |
| 1196 | |
| 1197 | No argument. |
| 1198 | |
| 1199 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1200 | >>> screen.reset() |
| 1201 | """ |
| 1202 | for turtle in self._turtles: |
| 1203 | turtle._setmode(self._mode) |
| 1204 | turtle.reset() |
| 1205 | |
| 1206 | def turtles(self): |
| 1207 | """Return the list of turtles on the screen. |
| 1208 | |
| 1209 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1210 | >>> screen.turtles() |
| 1211 | [<turtle.Turtle object at 0x00E11FB0>] |
| 1212 | """ |
| 1213 | return self._turtles |
| 1214 | |
| 1215 | def bgcolor(self, *args): |
| 1216 | """Set or return backgroundcolor of the TurtleScreen. |
| 1217 | |
| 1218 | Arguments (if given): a color string or three numbers |
| 1219 | in the range 0..colormode or a 3-tuple of such numbers. |
| 1220 | |
| 1221 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1222 | >>> screen.bgcolor("orange") |
| 1223 | >>> screen.bgcolor() |
| 1224 | 'orange' |
| 1225 | >>> screen.bgcolor(0.5,0,0.5) |
| 1226 | >>> screen.bgcolor() |
| 1227 | '#800080' |
| 1228 | """ |
| 1229 | if args: |
| 1230 | color = self._colorstr(args) |
| 1231 | else: |
| 1232 | color = None |
| 1233 | color = self._bgcolor(color) |
| 1234 | if color is not None: |
| 1235 | color = self._color(color) |
| 1236 | return color |
| 1237 | |
| 1238 | def tracer(self, n=None, delay=None): |
| 1239 | """Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. |
| 1240 | |
| 1241 | Optional arguments: |
| 1242 | n -- nonnegative integer |
| 1243 | delay -- nonnegative integer |
| 1244 | |
| 1245 | If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. |
| 1246 | (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) |
| 1247 | Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay()) |
| 1248 | |
| 1249 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1250 | >>> screen.tracer(8, 25) |
| 1251 | >>> dist = 2 |
| 1252 | >>> for i in range(200): |
| 1253 | fd(dist) |
| 1254 | rt(90) |
| 1255 | dist += 2 |
| 1256 | """ |
| 1257 | if n is None: |
| 1258 | return self._tracing |
| 1259 | self._tracing = int(n) |
| 1260 | self._updatecounter = 0 |
| 1261 | if delay is not None: |
| 1262 | self._delayvalue = int(delay) |
| 1263 | if self._tracing: |
| 1264 | self.update() |
| 1265 | |
| 1266 | def delay(self, delay=None): |
| 1267 | """ Return or set the drawing delay in milliseconds. |
| 1268 | |
| 1269 | Optional argument: |
| 1270 | delay -- positive integer |
| 1271 | |
| 1272 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1273 | >>> screen.delay(15) |
| 1274 | >>> screen.delay() |
| 1275 | 15 |
| 1276 | """ |
| 1277 | if delay is None: |
| 1278 | return self._delayvalue |
| 1279 | self._delayvalue = int(delay) |
| 1280 | |
| 1281 | def _incrementudc(self): |
| 1282 | "Increment upadate counter.""" |
| 1283 | if not TurtleScreen._RUNNING: |
| 1284 | TurtleScreen._RUNNNING = True |
| 1285 | raise Terminator |
| 1286 | if self._tracing > 0: |
| 1287 | self._updatecounter += 1 |
| 1288 | self._updatecounter %= self._tracing |
| 1289 | |
| 1290 | def update(self): |
| 1291 | """Perform a TurtleScreen update. |
| 1292 | """ |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1293 | tracing = self._tracing |
| 1294 | self._tracing = True |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1295 | for t in self.turtles(): |
| 1296 | t._update_data() |
| 1297 | t._drawturtle() |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1298 | self._tracing = tracing |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1299 | self._update() |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1300 | |
| 1301 | def window_width(self): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1302 | """ Return the width of the turtle window. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1303 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1304 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1305 | >>> screen.window_width() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1306 | 640 |
| 1307 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1308 | return self._window_size()[0] |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1309 | |
| 1310 | def window_height(self): |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1311 | """ Return the height of the turtle window. |
| 1312 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1313 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1314 | >>> screen.window_height() |
| 1315 | 480 |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1316 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1317 | return self._window_size()[1] |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1318 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1319 | def getcanvas(self): |
| 1320 | """Return the Canvas of this TurtleScreen. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1321 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1322 | No argument. |
| 1323 | |
| 1324 | Example (for a Screen instance named screen): |
| 1325 | >>> cv = screen.getcanvas() |
| 1326 | >>> cv |
| 1327 | <turtle.ScrolledCanvas instance at 0x010742D8> |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1328 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1329 | return self.cv |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1330 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1331 | def getshapes(self): |
| 1332 | """Return a list of names of all currently available turtle shapes. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1333 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1334 | No argument. |
| 1335 | |
| 1336 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1337 | >>> screen.getshapes() |
| 1338 | ['arrow', 'blank', 'circle', ... , 'turtle'] |
| 1339 | """ |
| 1340 | return sorted(self._shapes.keys()) |
| 1341 | |
| 1342 | def onclick(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
| 1343 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on canvas. |
| 1344 | |
| 1345 | Arguments: |
| 1346 | fun -- a function with two arguments, the coordinates of the |
| 1347 | clicked point on the canvas. |
| 1348 | num -- the number of the mouse-button, defaults to 1 |
| 1349 | |
| 1350 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen |
| 1351 | and a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1352 | |
| 1353 | >>> screen.onclick(turtle.goto) |
| 1354 | |
| 1355 | ### Subsequently clicking into the TurtleScreen will |
| 1356 | ### make the turtle move to the clicked point. |
| 1357 | >>> screen.onclick(None) |
| 1358 | |
| 1359 | ### event-binding will be removed |
| 1360 | """ |
| 1361 | self._onscreenclick(fun, btn, add) |
| 1362 | |
| 1363 | def onkey(self, fun, key): |
| 1364 | """Bind fun to key-release event of key. |
| 1365 | |
| 1366 | Arguments: |
| 1367 | fun -- a function with no arguments |
| 1368 | key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space") |
| 1369 | |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1370 | In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1371 | must have focus. (See method listen.) |
| 1372 | |
| 1373 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen |
| 1374 | and a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1375 | |
| 1376 | >>> def f(): |
| 1377 | fd(50) |
| 1378 | lt(60) |
| 1379 | |
| 1380 | |
| 1381 | >>> screen.onkey(f, "Up") |
| 1382 | >>> screen.listen() |
| 1383 | |
| 1384 | ### Subsequently the turtle can be moved by |
| 1385 | ### repeatedly pressing the up-arrow key, |
| 1386 | ### consequently drawing a hexagon |
| 1387 | """ |
Florent Xicluna | fd1b093 | 2010-03-28 00:25:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1388 | if fun is None: |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1389 | if key in self._keys: |
| 1390 | self._keys.remove(key) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1391 | elif key not in self._keys: |
| 1392 | self._keys.append(key) |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1393 | self._onkeyrelease(fun, key) |
| 1394 | |
| 1395 | def onkeypress(self, fun, key=None): |
| 1396 | """Bind fun to key-press event of key if key is given, |
| 1397 | or to any key-press-event if no key is given. |
| 1398 | |
| 1399 | Arguments: |
| 1400 | fun -- a function with no arguments |
| 1401 | key -- a string: key (e.g. "a") or key-symbol (e.g. "space") |
| 1402 | |
| 1403 | In order to be able to register key-events, TurtleScreen |
| 1404 | must have focus. (See method listen.) |
| 1405 | |
| 1406 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen |
| 1407 | and a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1408 | |
| 1409 | >>> def f(): |
| 1410 | fd(50) |
| 1411 | |
| 1412 | |
| 1413 | >>> screen.onkey(f, "Up") |
| 1414 | >>> screen.listen() |
| 1415 | |
| 1416 | ### Subsequently the turtle can be moved by |
| 1417 | ### repeatedly pressing the up-arrow key, |
| 1418 | ### or by keeping pressed the up-arrow key. |
| 1419 | ### consequently drawing a hexagon. |
| 1420 | """ |
Florent Xicluna | fd1b093 | 2010-03-28 00:25:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1421 | if fun is None: |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1422 | if key in self._keys: |
| 1423 | self._keys.remove(key) |
| 1424 | elif key is not None and key not in self._keys: |
| 1425 | self._keys.append(key) |
| 1426 | self._onkeypress(fun, key) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1427 | |
| 1428 | def listen(self, xdummy=None, ydummy=None): |
| 1429 | """Set focus on TurtleScreen (in order to collect key-events) |
| 1430 | |
| 1431 | No arguments. |
| 1432 | Dummy arguments are provided in order |
| 1433 | to be able to pass listen to the onclick method. |
| 1434 | |
| 1435 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1436 | >>> screen.listen() |
| 1437 | """ |
| 1438 | self._listen() |
| 1439 | |
| 1440 | def ontimer(self, fun, t=0): |
| 1441 | """Install a timer, which calls fun after t milliseconds. |
| 1442 | |
| 1443 | Arguments: |
| 1444 | fun -- a function with no arguments. |
| 1445 | t -- a number >= 0 |
| 1446 | |
| 1447 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1448 | |
| 1449 | >>> running = True |
| 1450 | >>> def f(): |
| 1451 | if running: |
| 1452 | fd(50) |
| 1453 | lt(60) |
| 1454 | screen.ontimer(f, 250) |
| 1455 | |
| 1456 | >>> f() ### makes the turtle marching around |
| 1457 | >>> running = False |
| 1458 | """ |
| 1459 | self._ontimer(fun, t) |
| 1460 | |
| 1461 | def bgpic(self, picname=None): |
| 1462 | """Set background image or return name of current backgroundimage. |
| 1463 | |
| 1464 | Optional argument: |
| 1465 | picname -- a string, name of a gif-file or "nopic". |
| 1466 | |
| 1467 | If picname is a filename, set the corresponing image as background. |
| 1468 | If picname is "nopic", delete backgroundimage, if present. |
| 1469 | If picname is None, return the filename of the current backgroundimage. |
| 1470 | |
| 1471 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 1472 | >>> screen.bgpic() |
| 1473 | 'nopic' |
| 1474 | >>> screen.bgpic("landscape.gif") |
| 1475 | >>> screen.bgpic() |
| 1476 | 'landscape.gif' |
| 1477 | """ |
| 1478 | if picname is None: |
| 1479 | return self._bgpicname |
| 1480 | if picname not in self._bgpics: |
| 1481 | self._bgpics[picname] = self._image(picname) |
| 1482 | self._setbgpic(self._bgpic, self._bgpics[picname]) |
| 1483 | self._bgpicname = picname |
| 1484 | |
| 1485 | def screensize(self, canvwidth=None, canvheight=None, bg=None): |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1486 | """Resize the canvas the turtles are drawing on. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1487 | |
| 1488 | Optional arguments: |
| 1489 | canvwidth -- positive integer, new width of canvas in pixels |
| 1490 | canvheight -- positive integer, new height of canvas in pixels |
| 1491 | bg -- colorstring or color-tupel, new backgroundcolor |
| 1492 | If no arguments are given, return current (canvaswidth, canvasheight) |
| 1493 | |
| 1494 | Do not alter the drawing window. To observe hidden parts of |
| 1495 | the canvas use the scrollbars. (Can make visible those parts |
| 1496 | of a drawing, which were outside the canvas before!) |
| 1497 | |
| 1498 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1499 | >>> turtle.screensize(2000,1500) |
| 1500 | ### e. g. to search for an erroneously escaped turtle ;-) |
| 1501 | """ |
| 1502 | return self._resize(canvwidth, canvheight, bg) |
| 1503 | |
| 1504 | onscreenclick = onclick |
| 1505 | resetscreen = reset |
| 1506 | clearscreen = clear |
| 1507 | addshape = register_shape |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1508 | onkeyrelease = onkey |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1509 | |
| 1510 | class TNavigator(object): |
| 1511 | """Navigation part of the RawTurtle. |
| 1512 | Implements methods for turtle movement. |
| 1513 | """ |
| 1514 | START_ORIENTATION = { |
| 1515 | "standard": Vec2D(1.0, 0.0), |
| 1516 | "world" : Vec2D(1.0, 0.0), |
| 1517 | "logo" : Vec2D(0.0, 1.0) } |
| 1518 | DEFAULT_MODE = "standard" |
| 1519 | DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSET = 0 |
| 1520 | DEFAULT_ANGLEORIENT = 1 |
| 1521 | |
| 1522 | def __init__(self, mode=DEFAULT_MODE): |
| 1523 | self._angleOffset = self.DEFAULT_ANGLEOFFSET |
| 1524 | self._angleOrient = self.DEFAULT_ANGLEORIENT |
| 1525 | self._mode = mode |
| 1526 | self.undobuffer = None |
| 1527 | self.degrees() |
| 1528 | self._mode = None |
| 1529 | self._setmode(mode) |
| 1530 | TNavigator.reset(self) |
| 1531 | |
| 1532 | def reset(self): |
| 1533 | """reset turtle to its initial values |
| 1534 | |
| 1535 | Will be overwritten by parent class |
| 1536 | """ |
| 1537 | self._position = Vec2D(0.0, 0.0) |
| 1538 | self._orient = TNavigator.START_ORIENTATION[self._mode] |
| 1539 | |
| 1540 | def _setmode(self, mode=None): |
| 1541 | """Set turtle-mode to 'standard', 'world' or 'logo'. |
| 1542 | """ |
Florent Xicluna | fd1b093 | 2010-03-28 00:25:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1543 | if mode is None: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1544 | return self._mode |
| 1545 | if mode not in ["standard", "logo", "world"]: |
| 1546 | return |
| 1547 | self._mode = mode |
| 1548 | if mode in ["standard", "world"]: |
| 1549 | self._angleOffset = 0 |
| 1550 | self._angleOrient = 1 |
| 1551 | else: # mode == "logo": |
| 1552 | self._angleOffset = self._fullcircle/4. |
| 1553 | self._angleOrient = -1 |
| 1554 | |
| 1555 | def _setDegreesPerAU(self, fullcircle): |
| 1556 | """Helper function for degrees() and radians()""" |
| 1557 | self._fullcircle = fullcircle |
| 1558 | self._degreesPerAU = 360/fullcircle |
| 1559 | if self._mode == "standard": |
| 1560 | self._angleOffset = 0 |
| 1561 | else: |
| 1562 | self._angleOffset = fullcircle/4. |
| 1563 | |
| 1564 | def degrees(self, fullcircle=360.0): |
| 1565 | """ Set angle measurement units to degrees. |
| 1566 | |
| 1567 | Optional argument: |
| 1568 | fullcircle - a number |
| 1569 | |
| 1570 | Set angle measurement units, i. e. set number |
| 1571 | of 'degrees' for a full circle. Dafault value is |
| 1572 | 360 degrees. |
| 1573 | |
| 1574 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1575 | >>> turtle.left(90) |
| 1576 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1577 | 90 |
Alexander Belopolsky | 3cdfb12 | 2010-10-29 17:16:49 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1578 | |
| 1579 | Change angle measurement unit to grad (also known as gon, |
| 1580 | grade, or gradian and equals 1/100-th of the right angle.) |
| 1581 | >>> turtle.degrees(400.0) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1582 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1583 | 100 |
| 1584 | |
| 1585 | """ |
| 1586 | self._setDegreesPerAU(fullcircle) |
| 1587 | |
| 1588 | def radians(self): |
| 1589 | """ Set the angle measurement units to radians. |
| 1590 | |
| 1591 | No arguments. |
| 1592 | |
| 1593 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1594 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1595 | 90 |
| 1596 | >>> turtle.radians() |
| 1597 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1598 | 1.5707963267948966 |
| 1599 | """ |
| 1600 | self._setDegreesPerAU(2*math.pi) |
| 1601 | |
| 1602 | def _go(self, distance): |
| 1603 | """move turtle forward by specified distance""" |
| 1604 | ende = self._position + self._orient * distance |
| 1605 | self._goto(ende) |
| 1606 | |
| 1607 | def _rotate(self, angle): |
| 1608 | """Turn turtle counterclockwise by specified angle if angle > 0.""" |
| 1609 | angle *= self._degreesPerAU |
| 1610 | self._orient = self._orient.rotate(angle) |
| 1611 | |
| 1612 | def _goto(self, end): |
| 1613 | """move turtle to position end.""" |
| 1614 | self._position = end |
| 1615 | |
| 1616 | def forward(self, distance): |
| 1617 | """Move the turtle forward by the specified distance. |
| 1618 | |
| 1619 | Aliases: forward | fd |
| 1620 | |
| 1621 | Argument: |
| 1622 | distance -- a number (integer or float) |
| 1623 | |
| 1624 | Move the turtle forward by the specified distance, in the direction |
| 1625 | the turtle is headed. |
| 1626 | |
| 1627 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1628 | >>> turtle.position() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1629 | (0.00, 0.00) |
| 1630 | >>> turtle.forward(25) |
| 1631 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 1632 | (25.00,0.00) |
| 1633 | >>> turtle.forward(-75) |
| 1634 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 1635 | (-50.00,0.00) |
| 1636 | """ |
| 1637 | self._go(distance) |
| 1638 | |
| 1639 | def back(self, distance): |
| 1640 | """Move the turtle backward by distance. |
| 1641 | |
| 1642 | Aliases: back | backward | bk |
| 1643 | |
| 1644 | Argument: |
| 1645 | distance -- a number |
| 1646 | |
| 1647 | Move the turtle backward by distance ,opposite to the direction the |
| 1648 | turtle is headed. Do not change the turtle's heading. |
| 1649 | |
| 1650 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1651 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 1652 | (0.00, 0.00) |
| 1653 | >>> turtle.backward(30) |
| 1654 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 1655 | (-30.00, 0.00) |
| 1656 | """ |
| 1657 | self._go(-distance) |
| 1658 | |
| 1659 | def right(self, angle): |
| 1660 | """Turn turtle right by angle units. |
| 1661 | |
| 1662 | Aliases: right | rt |
| 1663 | |
| 1664 | Argument: |
| 1665 | angle -- a number (integer or float) |
| 1666 | |
| 1667 | Turn turtle right by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, |
| 1668 | but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) |
| 1669 | Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.) |
| 1670 | |
| 1671 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1672 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1673 | 22.0 |
| 1674 | >>> turtle.right(45) |
| 1675 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1676 | 337.0 |
| 1677 | """ |
| 1678 | self._rotate(-angle) |
| 1679 | |
| 1680 | def left(self, angle): |
| 1681 | """Turn turtle left by angle units. |
| 1682 | |
| 1683 | Aliases: left | lt |
| 1684 | |
| 1685 | Argument: |
| 1686 | angle -- a number (integer or float) |
| 1687 | |
| 1688 | Turn turtle left by angle units. (Units are by default degrees, |
| 1689 | but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) |
| 1690 | Angle orientation depends on mode. (See this.) |
| 1691 | |
| 1692 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1693 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1694 | 22.0 |
| 1695 | >>> turtle.left(45) |
| 1696 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1697 | 67.0 |
| 1698 | """ |
| 1699 | self._rotate(angle) |
| 1700 | |
| 1701 | def pos(self): |
| 1702 | """Return the turtle's current location (x,y), as a Vec2D-vector. |
| 1703 | |
| 1704 | Aliases: pos | position |
| 1705 | |
| 1706 | No arguments. |
| 1707 | |
| 1708 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1709 | >>> turtle.pos() |
| 1710 | (0.00, 240.00) |
| 1711 | """ |
| 1712 | return self._position |
| 1713 | |
| 1714 | def xcor(self): |
| 1715 | """ Return the turtle's x coordinate. |
| 1716 | |
| 1717 | No arguments. |
| 1718 | |
| 1719 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1720 | >>> reset() |
| 1721 | >>> turtle.left(60) |
| 1722 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
| 1723 | >>> print turtle.xcor() |
| 1724 | 50.0 |
| 1725 | """ |
| 1726 | return self._position[0] |
| 1727 | |
| 1728 | def ycor(self): |
| 1729 | """ Return the turtle's y coordinate |
| 1730 | --- |
| 1731 | No arguments. |
| 1732 | |
| 1733 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1734 | >>> reset() |
| 1735 | >>> turtle.left(60) |
| 1736 | >>> turtle.forward(100) |
| 1737 | >>> print turtle.ycor() |
| 1738 | 86.6025403784 |
| 1739 | """ |
| 1740 | return self._position[1] |
| 1741 | |
| 1742 | |
| 1743 | def goto(self, x, y=None): |
| 1744 | """Move turtle to an absolute position. |
| 1745 | |
| 1746 | Aliases: setpos | setposition | goto: |
| 1747 | |
| 1748 | Arguments: |
| 1749 | x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers |
| 1750 | y -- a number None |
| 1751 | |
| 1752 | call: goto(x, y) # two coordinates |
| 1753 | --or: goto((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates |
| 1754 | --or: goto(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() |
| 1755 | |
| 1756 | Move turtle to an absolute position. If the pen is down, |
| 1757 | a line will be drawn. The turtle's orientation does not change. |
| 1758 | |
| 1759 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1760 | >>> tp = turtle.pos() |
| 1761 | >>> tp |
| 1762 | (0.00, 0.00) |
| 1763 | >>> turtle.setpos(60,30) |
| 1764 | >>> turtle.pos() |
| 1765 | (60.00,30.00) |
| 1766 | >>> turtle.setpos((20,80)) |
| 1767 | >>> turtle.pos() |
| 1768 | (20.00,80.00) |
| 1769 | >>> turtle.setpos(tp) |
| 1770 | >>> turtle.pos() |
| 1771 | (0.00,0.00) |
| 1772 | """ |
| 1773 | if y is None: |
| 1774 | self._goto(Vec2D(*x)) |
| 1775 | else: |
| 1776 | self._goto(Vec2D(x, y)) |
| 1777 | |
| 1778 | def home(self): |
| 1779 | """Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0). |
| 1780 | |
| 1781 | No arguments. |
| 1782 | |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1783 | Move turtle to the origin - coordinates (0,0) and set its |
| 1784 | heading to its start-orientation (which depends on mode). |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1785 | |
| 1786 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1787 | >>> turtle.home() |
| 1788 | """ |
| 1789 | self.goto(0, 0) |
| 1790 | self.setheading(0) |
| 1791 | |
| 1792 | def setx(self, x): |
| 1793 | """Set the turtle's first coordinate to x |
| 1794 | |
| 1795 | Argument: |
| 1796 | x -- a number (integer or float) |
| 1797 | |
| 1798 | Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, leave second coordinate |
| 1799 | unchanged. |
| 1800 | |
| 1801 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1802 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 1803 | (0.00, 240.00) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1804 | >>> turtle.setx(10) |
| 1805 | >>> turtle.position() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1806 | (10.00, 240.00) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1807 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1808 | self._goto(Vec2D(x, self._position[1])) |
Guido van Rossum | fd2ede2 | 2002-09-23 16:55:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1809 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1810 | def sety(self, y): |
| 1811 | """Set the turtle's second coordinate to y |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1812 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1813 | Argument: |
| 1814 | y -- a number (integer or float) |
| 1815 | |
| 1816 | Set the turtle's first coordinate to x, second coordinate remains |
| 1817 | unchanged. |
| 1818 | |
| 1819 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1820 | >>> turtle.position() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1821 | (0.00, 40.00) |
| 1822 | >>> turtle.sety(-10) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1823 | >>> turtle.position() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1824 | (0.00, -10.00) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1825 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1826 | self._goto(Vec2D(self._position[0], y)) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1827 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1828 | def distance(self, x, y=None): |
| 1829 | """Return the distance from the turtle to (x,y) in turtle step units. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1830 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1831 | Arguments: |
| 1832 | x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance |
| 1833 | y -- a number None None |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1834 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1835 | call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates |
| 1836 | --or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates |
| 1837 | --or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() |
| 1838 | --or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle |
| 1839 | |
| 1840 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1841 | >>> turtle.pos() |
| 1842 | (0.00, 0.00) |
| 1843 | >>> turtle.distance(30,40) |
| 1844 | 50.0 |
| 1845 | >>> pen = Turtle() |
| 1846 | >>> pen.forward(77) |
| 1847 | >>> turtle.distance(pen) |
| 1848 | 77.0 |
| 1849 | """ |
| 1850 | if y is not None: |
| 1851 | pos = Vec2D(x, y) |
| 1852 | if isinstance(x, Vec2D): |
| 1853 | pos = x |
| 1854 | elif isinstance(x, tuple): |
| 1855 | pos = Vec2D(*x) |
| 1856 | elif isinstance(x, TNavigator): |
| 1857 | pos = x._position |
| 1858 | return abs(pos - self._position) |
| 1859 | |
| 1860 | def towards(self, x, y=None): |
| 1861 | """Return the angle of the line from the turtle's position to (x, y). |
| 1862 | |
| 1863 | Arguments: |
| 1864 | x -- a number or a pair/vector of numbers or a turtle instance |
| 1865 | y -- a number None None |
| 1866 | |
| 1867 | call: distance(x, y) # two coordinates |
| 1868 | --or: distance((x, y)) # a pair (tuple) of coordinates |
| 1869 | --or: distance(vec) # e.g. as returned by pos() |
| 1870 | --or: distance(mypen) # where mypen is another turtle |
| 1871 | |
| 1872 | Return the angle, between the line from turtle-position to position |
| 1873 | specified by x, y and the turtle's start orientation. (Depends on |
| 1874 | modes - "standard" or "logo") |
| 1875 | |
| 1876 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1877 | >>> turtle.pos() |
| 1878 | (10.00, 10.00) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1879 | >>> turtle.towards(0,0) |
| 1880 | 225.0 |
| 1881 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1882 | if y is not None: |
| 1883 | pos = Vec2D(x, y) |
| 1884 | if isinstance(x, Vec2D): |
| 1885 | pos = x |
| 1886 | elif isinstance(x, tuple): |
| 1887 | pos = Vec2D(*x) |
| 1888 | elif isinstance(x, TNavigator): |
| 1889 | pos = x._position |
| 1890 | x, y = pos - self._position |
| 1891 | result = round(math.atan2(y, x)*180.0/math.pi, 10) % 360.0 |
| 1892 | result /= self._degreesPerAU |
| 1893 | return (self._angleOffset + self._angleOrient*result) % self._fullcircle |
| 1894 | |
| 1895 | def heading(self): |
| 1896 | """ Return the turtle's current heading. |
| 1897 | |
| 1898 | No arguments. |
| 1899 | |
| 1900 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1901 | >>> turtle.left(67) |
| 1902 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1903 | 67.0 |
| 1904 | """ |
| 1905 | x, y = self._orient |
| 1906 | result = round(math.atan2(y, x)*180.0/math.pi, 10) % 360.0 |
| 1907 | result /= self._degreesPerAU |
| 1908 | return (self._angleOffset + self._angleOrient*result) % self._fullcircle |
| 1909 | |
| 1910 | def setheading(self, to_angle): |
| 1911 | """Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. |
| 1912 | |
| 1913 | Aliases: setheading | seth |
| 1914 | |
| 1915 | Argument: |
| 1916 | to_angle -- a number (integer or float) |
| 1917 | |
| 1918 | Set the orientation of the turtle to to_angle. |
| 1919 | Here are some common directions in degrees: |
| 1920 | |
| 1921 | standard - mode: logo-mode: |
| 1922 | -------------------|-------------------- |
| 1923 | 0 - east 0 - north |
| 1924 | 90 - north 90 - east |
| 1925 | 180 - west 180 - south |
| 1926 | 270 - south 270 - west |
| 1927 | |
| 1928 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1929 | >>> turtle.setheading(90) |
| 1930 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 1931 | 90 |
| 1932 | """ |
| 1933 | angle = (to_angle - self.heading())*self._angleOrient |
| 1934 | full = self._fullcircle |
| 1935 | angle = (angle+full/2.)%full - full/2. |
| 1936 | self._rotate(angle) |
| 1937 | |
| 1938 | def circle(self, radius, extent = None, steps = None): |
| 1939 | """ Draw a circle with given radius. |
| 1940 | |
| 1941 | Arguments: |
| 1942 | radius -- a number |
| 1943 | extent (optional) -- a number |
| 1944 | steps (optional) -- an integer |
| 1945 | |
| 1946 | Draw a circle with given radius. The center is radius units left |
| 1947 | of the turtle; extent - an angle - determines which part of the |
| 1948 | circle is drawn. If extent is not given, draw the entire circle. |
| 1949 | If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the |
| 1950 | current pen position. Draw the arc in counterclockwise direction |
| 1951 | if radius is positive, otherwise in clockwise direction. Finally |
| 1952 | the direction of the turtle is changed by the amount of extent. |
| 1953 | |
| 1954 | As the circle is approximated by an inscribed regular polygon, |
| 1955 | steps determines the number of steps to use. If not given, |
| 1956 | it will be calculated automatically. Maybe used to draw regular |
| 1957 | polygons. |
| 1958 | |
| 1959 | call: circle(radius) # full circle |
| 1960 | --or: circle(radius, extent) # arc |
| 1961 | --or: circle(radius, extent, steps) |
| 1962 | --or: circle(radius, steps=6) # 6-sided polygon |
| 1963 | |
| 1964 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 1965 | >>> turtle.circle(50) |
| 1966 | >>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # semicircle |
| 1967 | """ |
| 1968 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 1969 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq"]) |
| 1970 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = True |
| 1971 | speed = self.speed() |
| 1972 | if extent is None: |
| 1973 | extent = self._fullcircle |
| 1974 | if steps is None: |
| 1975 | frac = abs(extent)/self._fullcircle |
| 1976 | steps = 1+int(min(11+abs(radius)/6.0, 59.0)*frac) |
| 1977 | w = 1.0 * extent / steps |
| 1978 | w2 = 0.5 * w |
| 1979 | l = 2.0 * radius * math.sin(w2*math.pi/180.0*self._degreesPerAU) |
| 1980 | if radius < 0: |
| 1981 | l, w, w2 = -l, -w, -w2 |
| 1982 | tr = self._tracer() |
| 1983 | dl = self._delay() |
| 1984 | if speed == 0: |
| 1985 | self._tracer(0, 0) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1986 | else: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1987 | self.speed(0) |
| 1988 | self._rotate(w2) |
| 1989 | for i in range(steps): |
| 1990 | self.speed(speed) |
| 1991 | self._go(l) |
| 1992 | self.speed(0) |
| 1993 | self._rotate(w) |
| 1994 | self._rotate(-w2) |
| 1995 | if speed == 0: |
| 1996 | self._tracer(tr, dl) |
| 1997 | self.speed(speed) |
| 1998 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 1999 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = False |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2000 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2001 | ## three dummy methods to be implemented by child class: |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2002 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2003 | def speed(self, s=0): |
| 2004 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
| 2005 | def _tracer(self, a=None, b=None): |
| 2006 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
| 2007 | def _delay(self, n=None): |
| 2008 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2009 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2010 | fd = forward |
| 2011 | bk = back |
| 2012 | backward = back |
| 2013 | rt = right |
| 2014 | lt = left |
| 2015 | position = pos |
| 2016 | setpos = goto |
| 2017 | setposition = goto |
| 2018 | seth = setheading |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2019 | |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2020 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2021 | class TPen(object): |
| 2022 | """Drawing part of the RawTurtle. |
| 2023 | Implements drawing properties. |
| 2024 | """ |
| 2025 | def __init__(self, resizemode=_CFG["resizemode"]): |
| 2026 | self._resizemode = resizemode # or "user" or "noresize" |
| 2027 | self.undobuffer = None |
| 2028 | TPen._reset(self) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2029 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2030 | def _reset(self, pencolor=_CFG["pencolor"], |
| 2031 | fillcolor=_CFG["fillcolor"]): |
| 2032 | self._pensize = 1 |
| 2033 | self._shown = True |
| 2034 | self._pencolor = pencolor |
| 2035 | self._fillcolor = fillcolor |
| 2036 | self._drawing = True |
| 2037 | self._speed = 3 |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2038 | self._stretchfactor = (1., 1.) |
| 2039 | self._shearfactor = 0. |
| 2040 | self._tilt = 0. |
| 2041 | self._shapetrafo = (1., 0., 0., 1.) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2042 | self._outlinewidth = 1 |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2043 | |
| 2044 | def resizemode(self, rmode=None): |
| 2045 | """Set resizemode to one of the values: "auto", "user", "noresize". |
| 2046 | |
| 2047 | (Optional) Argument: |
| 2048 | rmode -- one of the strings "auto", "user", "noresize" |
| 2049 | |
| 2050 | Different resizemodes have the following effects: |
| 2051 | - "auto" adapts the appearance of the turtle |
| 2052 | corresponding to the value of pensize. |
| 2053 | - "user" adapts the appearance of the turtle according to the |
| 2054 | values of stretchfactor and outlinewidth (outline), |
| 2055 | which are set by shapesize() |
| 2056 | - "noresize" no adaption of the turtle's appearance takes place. |
| 2057 | If no argument is given, return current resizemode. |
| 2058 | resizemode("user") is called by a call of shapesize with arguments. |
| 2059 | |
| 2060 | |
| 2061 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2062 | >>> turtle.resizemode("noresize") |
| 2063 | >>> turtle.resizemode() |
| 2064 | 'noresize' |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2065 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2066 | if rmode is None: |
| 2067 | return self._resizemode |
| 2068 | rmode = rmode.lower() |
| 2069 | if rmode in ["auto", "user", "noresize"]: |
| 2070 | self.pen(resizemode=rmode) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2071 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2072 | def pensize(self, width=None): |
| 2073 | """Set or return the line thickness. |
Guido van Rossum | 3c7a25a | 2001-08-09 16:42:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2074 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2075 | Aliases: pensize | width |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2076 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2077 | Argument: |
| 2078 | width -- positive number |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2079 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2080 | Set the line thickness to width or return it. If resizemode is set |
| 2081 | to "auto" and turtleshape is a polygon, that polygon is drawn with |
| 2082 | the same line thickness. If no argument is given, current pensize |
| 2083 | is returned. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2084 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2085 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2086 | >>> turtle.pensize() |
| 2087 | 1 |
| 2088 | turtle.pensize(10) # from here on lines of width 10 are drawn |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2089 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2090 | if width is None: |
| 2091 | return self._pensize |
| 2092 | self.pen(pensize=width) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2093 | |
| 2094 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2095 | def penup(self): |
| 2096 | """Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2097 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2098 | Aliases: penup | pu | up |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2099 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2100 | No argument |
| 2101 | |
| 2102 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2103 | >>> turtle.penup() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2104 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2105 | if not self._drawing: |
Guido van Rossum | 3c7a25a | 2001-08-09 16:42:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2106 | return |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2107 | self.pen(pendown=False) |
Guido van Rossum | 3c7a25a | 2001-08-09 16:42:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2108 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2109 | def pendown(self): |
| 2110 | """Pull the pen down -- drawing when moving. |
| 2111 | |
| 2112 | Aliases: pendown | pd | down |
| 2113 | |
| 2114 | No argument. |
| 2115 | |
| 2116 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2117 | >>> turtle.pendown() |
| 2118 | """ |
| 2119 | if self._drawing: |
| 2120 | return |
| 2121 | self.pen(pendown=True) |
| 2122 | |
| 2123 | def isdown(self): |
| 2124 | """Return True if pen is down, False if it's up. |
| 2125 | |
| 2126 | No argument. |
| 2127 | |
| 2128 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2129 | >>> turtle.penup() |
| 2130 | >>> turtle.isdown() |
| 2131 | False |
| 2132 | >>> turtle.pendown() |
| 2133 | >>> turtle.isdown() |
| 2134 | True |
| 2135 | """ |
| 2136 | return self._drawing |
| 2137 | |
| 2138 | def speed(self, speed=None): |
| 2139 | """ Return or set the turtle's speed. |
| 2140 | |
| 2141 | Optional argument: |
| 2142 | speed -- an integer in the range 0..10 or a speedstring (see below) |
| 2143 | |
| 2144 | Set the turtle's speed to an integer value in the range 0 .. 10. |
| 2145 | If no argument is given: return current speed. |
| 2146 | |
| 2147 | If input is a number greater than 10 or smaller than 0.5, |
| 2148 | speed is set to 0. |
| 2149 | Speedstrings are mapped to speedvalues in the following way: |
| 2150 | 'fastest' : 0 |
| 2151 | 'fast' : 10 |
| 2152 | 'normal' : 6 |
| 2153 | 'slow' : 3 |
| 2154 | 'slowest' : 1 |
| 2155 | speeds from 1 to 10 enforce increasingly faster animation of |
| 2156 | line drawing and turtle turning. |
| 2157 | |
| 2158 | Attention: |
| 2159 | speed = 0 : *no* animation takes place. forward/back makes turtle jump |
| 2160 | and likewise left/right make the turtle turn instantly. |
| 2161 | |
| 2162 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2163 | >>> turtle.speed(3) |
| 2164 | """ |
| 2165 | speeds = {'fastest':0, 'fast':10, 'normal':6, 'slow':3, 'slowest':1 } |
| 2166 | if speed is None: |
| 2167 | return self._speed |
| 2168 | if speed in speeds: |
| 2169 | speed = speeds[speed] |
| 2170 | elif 0.5 < speed < 10.5: |
| 2171 | speed = int(round(speed)) |
| 2172 | else: |
| 2173 | speed = 0 |
| 2174 | self.pen(speed=speed) |
| 2175 | |
| 2176 | def color(self, *args): |
| 2177 | """Return or set the pencolor and fillcolor. |
| 2178 | |
| 2179 | Arguments: |
| 2180 | Several input formats are allowed. |
| 2181 | They use 0, 1, 2, or 3 arguments as follows: |
| 2182 | |
| 2183 | color() |
| 2184 | Return the current pencolor and the current fillcolor |
| 2185 | as a pair of color specification strings as are returned |
| 2186 | by pencolor and fillcolor. |
| 2187 | color(colorstring), color((r,g,b)), color(r,g,b) |
| 2188 | inputs as in pencolor, set both, fillcolor and pencolor, |
| 2189 | to the given value. |
| 2190 | color(colorstring1, colorstring2), |
| 2191 | color((r1,g1,b1), (r2,g2,b2)) |
| 2192 | equivalent to pencolor(colorstring1) and fillcolor(colorstring2) |
| 2193 | and analogously, if the other input format is used. |
| 2194 | |
| 2195 | If turtleshape is a polygon, outline and interior of that polygon |
| 2196 | is drawn with the newly set colors. |
| 2197 | For mor info see: pencolor, fillcolor |
| 2198 | |
| 2199 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2200 | >>> turtle.color('red', 'green') |
| 2201 | >>> turtle.color() |
| 2202 | ('red', 'green') |
| 2203 | >>> colormode(255) |
| 2204 | >>> color((40, 80, 120), (160, 200, 240)) |
| 2205 | >>> color() |
| 2206 | ('#285078', '#a0c8f0') |
| 2207 | """ |
| 2208 | if args: |
| 2209 | l = len(args) |
| 2210 | if l == 1: |
| 2211 | pcolor = fcolor = args[0] |
| 2212 | elif l == 2: |
| 2213 | pcolor, fcolor = args |
| 2214 | elif l == 3: |
| 2215 | pcolor = fcolor = args |
| 2216 | pcolor = self._colorstr(pcolor) |
| 2217 | fcolor = self._colorstr(fcolor) |
| 2218 | self.pen(pencolor=pcolor, fillcolor=fcolor) |
| 2219 | else: |
| 2220 | return self._color(self._pencolor), self._color(self._fillcolor) |
| 2221 | |
| 2222 | def pencolor(self, *args): |
| 2223 | """ Return or set the pencolor. |
| 2224 | |
| 2225 | Arguments: |
| 2226 | Four input formats are allowed: |
| 2227 | - pencolor() |
| 2228 | Return the current pencolor as color specification string, |
| 2229 | possibly in hex-number format (see example). |
| 2230 | May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. |
| 2231 | - pencolor(colorstring) |
| 2232 | s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow" |
| 2233 | - pencolor((r, g, b)) |
| 2234 | *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color, |
| 2235 | and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode, |
| 2236 | where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 |
| 2237 | - pencolor(r, g, b) |
| 2238 | r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b |
| 2239 | are in the range 0..colormode |
| 2240 | |
| 2241 | If turtleshape is a polygon, the outline of that polygon is drawn |
| 2242 | with the newly set pencolor. |
| 2243 | |
| 2244 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2245 | >>> turtle.pencolor('brown') |
| 2246 | >>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55) |
| 2247 | >>> turtle.pencolor(tup) |
| 2248 | >>> turtle.pencolor() |
| 2249 | '#33cc8c' |
| 2250 | """ |
| 2251 | if args: |
| 2252 | color = self._colorstr(args) |
| 2253 | if color == self._pencolor: |
| 2254 | return |
| 2255 | self.pen(pencolor=color) |
| 2256 | else: |
| 2257 | return self._color(self._pencolor) |
| 2258 | |
| 2259 | def fillcolor(self, *args): |
| 2260 | """ Return or set the fillcolor. |
| 2261 | |
| 2262 | Arguments: |
| 2263 | Four input formats are allowed: |
| 2264 | - fillcolor() |
| 2265 | Return the current fillcolor as color specification string, |
| 2266 | possibly in hex-number format (see example). |
| 2267 | May be used as input to another color/pencolor/fillcolor call. |
| 2268 | - fillcolor(colorstring) |
| 2269 | s is a Tk color specification string, such as "red" or "yellow" |
| 2270 | - fillcolor((r, g, b)) |
| 2271 | *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color, |
| 2272 | and each of r, g, and b are in the range 0..colormode, |
| 2273 | where colormode is either 1.0 or 255 |
| 2274 | - fillcolor(r, g, b) |
| 2275 | r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b |
| 2276 | are in the range 0..colormode |
| 2277 | |
| 2278 | If turtleshape is a polygon, the interior of that polygon is drawn |
| 2279 | with the newly set fillcolor. |
| 2280 | |
| 2281 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2282 | >>> turtle.fillcolor('violet') |
| 2283 | >>> col = turtle.pencolor() |
| 2284 | >>> turtle.fillcolor(col) |
| 2285 | >>> turtle.fillcolor(0, .5, 0) |
| 2286 | """ |
| 2287 | if args: |
| 2288 | color = self._colorstr(args) |
| 2289 | if color == self._fillcolor: |
| 2290 | return |
| 2291 | self.pen(fillcolor=color) |
| 2292 | else: |
| 2293 | return self._color(self._fillcolor) |
| 2294 | |
| 2295 | def showturtle(self): |
| 2296 | """Makes the turtle visible. |
| 2297 | |
| 2298 | Aliases: showturtle | st |
| 2299 | |
| 2300 | No argument. |
| 2301 | |
| 2302 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2303 | >>> turtle.hideturtle() |
| 2304 | >>> turtle.showturtle() |
| 2305 | """ |
| 2306 | self.pen(shown=True) |
| 2307 | |
| 2308 | def hideturtle(self): |
| 2309 | """Makes the turtle invisible. |
| 2310 | |
| 2311 | Aliases: hideturtle | ht |
| 2312 | |
| 2313 | No argument. |
| 2314 | |
| 2315 | It's a good idea to do this while you're in the |
| 2316 | middle of a complicated drawing, because hiding |
| 2317 | the turtle speeds up the drawing observably. |
| 2318 | |
| 2319 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2320 | >>> turtle.hideturtle() |
| 2321 | """ |
| 2322 | self.pen(shown=False) |
| 2323 | |
| 2324 | def isvisible(self): |
| 2325 | """Return True if the Turtle is shown, False if it's hidden. |
| 2326 | |
| 2327 | No argument. |
| 2328 | |
| 2329 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2330 | >>> turtle.hideturtle() |
| 2331 | >>> print turtle.isvisible(): |
| 2332 | False |
| 2333 | """ |
| 2334 | return self._shown |
| 2335 | |
| 2336 | def pen(self, pen=None, **pendict): |
| 2337 | """Return or set the pen's attributes. |
| 2338 | |
| 2339 | Arguments: |
| 2340 | pen -- a dictionary with some or all of the below listed keys. |
| 2341 | **pendict -- one or more keyword-arguments with the below |
| 2342 | listed keys as keywords. |
| 2343 | |
| 2344 | Return or set the pen's attributes in a 'pen-dictionary' |
| 2345 | with the following key/value pairs: |
| 2346 | "shown" : True/False |
| 2347 | "pendown" : True/False |
| 2348 | "pencolor" : color-string or color-tuple |
| 2349 | "fillcolor" : color-string or color-tuple |
| 2350 | "pensize" : positive number |
| 2351 | "speed" : number in range 0..10 |
| 2352 | "resizemode" : "auto" or "user" or "noresize" |
| 2353 | "stretchfactor": (positive number, positive number) |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2354 | "shearfactor": number |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2355 | "outline" : positive number |
| 2356 | "tilt" : number |
| 2357 | |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2358 | This dictionary can be used as argument for a subsequent |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2359 | pen()-call to restore the former pen-state. Moreover one |
| 2360 | or more of these attributes can be provided as keyword-arguments. |
| 2361 | This can be used to set several pen attributes in one statement. |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2362 | |
| 2363 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2364 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2365 | >>> turtle.pen(fillcolor="black", pencolor="red", pensize=10) |
| 2366 | >>> turtle.pen() |
| 2367 | {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, |
| 2368 | 'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'black', |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2369 | 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0} |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2370 | >>> penstate=turtle.pen() |
| 2371 | >>> turtle.color("yellow","") |
| 2372 | >>> turtle.penup() |
| 2373 | >>> turtle.pen() |
| 2374 | {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, |
| 2375 | 'pencolor': 'yellow', 'pendown': False, 'fillcolor': '', |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2376 | 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0} |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2377 | >>> p.pen(penstate, fillcolor="green") |
| 2378 | >>> p.pen() |
| 2379 | {'pensize': 10, 'shown': True, 'resizemode': 'auto', 'outline': 1, |
| 2380 | 'pencolor': 'red', 'pendown': True, 'fillcolor': 'green', |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2381 | 'stretchfactor': (1,1), 'speed': 3, 'shearfactor': 0.0} |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2382 | """ |
| 2383 | _pd = {"shown" : self._shown, |
| 2384 | "pendown" : self._drawing, |
| 2385 | "pencolor" : self._pencolor, |
| 2386 | "fillcolor" : self._fillcolor, |
| 2387 | "pensize" : self._pensize, |
| 2388 | "speed" : self._speed, |
| 2389 | "resizemode" : self._resizemode, |
| 2390 | "stretchfactor" : self._stretchfactor, |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2391 | "shearfactor" : self._shearfactor, |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2392 | "outline" : self._outlinewidth, |
| 2393 | "tilt" : self._tilt |
| 2394 | } |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2395 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2396 | if not (pen or pendict): |
| 2397 | return _pd |
| 2398 | |
| 2399 | if isinstance(pen, dict): |
| 2400 | p = pen |
| 2401 | else: |
| 2402 | p = {} |
| 2403 | p.update(pendict) |
| 2404 | |
| 2405 | _p_buf = {} |
| 2406 | for key in p: |
| 2407 | _p_buf[key] = _pd[key] |
| 2408 | |
| 2409 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 2410 | self.undobuffer.push(("pen", _p_buf)) |
| 2411 | |
| 2412 | newLine = False |
| 2413 | if "pendown" in p: |
| 2414 | if self._drawing != p["pendown"]: |
| 2415 | newLine = True |
| 2416 | if "pencolor" in p: |
| 2417 | if isinstance(p["pencolor"], tuple): |
| 2418 | p["pencolor"] = self._colorstr((p["pencolor"],)) |
| 2419 | if self._pencolor != p["pencolor"]: |
| 2420 | newLine = True |
| 2421 | if "pensize" in p: |
| 2422 | if self._pensize != p["pensize"]: |
| 2423 | newLine = True |
| 2424 | if newLine: |
| 2425 | self._newLine() |
| 2426 | if "pendown" in p: |
| 2427 | self._drawing = p["pendown"] |
| 2428 | if "pencolor" in p: |
| 2429 | self._pencolor = p["pencolor"] |
| 2430 | if "pensize" in p: |
| 2431 | self._pensize = p["pensize"] |
| 2432 | if "fillcolor" in p: |
| 2433 | if isinstance(p["fillcolor"], tuple): |
| 2434 | p["fillcolor"] = self._colorstr((p["fillcolor"],)) |
| 2435 | self._fillcolor = p["fillcolor"] |
| 2436 | if "speed" in p: |
| 2437 | self._speed = p["speed"] |
| 2438 | if "resizemode" in p: |
| 2439 | self._resizemode = p["resizemode"] |
| 2440 | if "stretchfactor" in p: |
| 2441 | sf = p["stretchfactor"] |
| 2442 | if isinstance(sf, (int, float)): |
| 2443 | sf = (sf, sf) |
| 2444 | self._stretchfactor = sf |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2445 | if "shearfactor" in p: |
| 2446 | self._shearfactor = p["shearfactor"] |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2447 | if "outline" in p: |
| 2448 | self._outlinewidth = p["outline"] |
| 2449 | if "shown" in p: |
| 2450 | self._shown = p["shown"] |
| 2451 | if "tilt" in p: |
| 2452 | self._tilt = p["tilt"] |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2453 | if "stretchfactor" in p or "tilt" in p or "shearfactor" in p: |
| 2454 | scx, scy = self._stretchfactor |
| 2455 | shf = self._shearfactor |
| 2456 | sa, ca = math.sin(self._tilt), math.cos(self._tilt) |
| 2457 | self._shapetrafo = ( scx*ca, scy*(shf*ca + sa), |
| 2458 | -scx*sa, scy*(ca - shf*sa)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2459 | self._update() |
| 2460 | |
| 2461 | ## three dummy methods to be implemented by child class: |
| 2462 | |
| 2463 | def _newLine(self, usePos = True): |
| 2464 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
| 2465 | def _update(self, count=True, forced=False): |
| 2466 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
| 2467 | def _color(self, args): |
| 2468 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
| 2469 | def _colorstr(self, args): |
| 2470 | """dummy method - to be overwritten by child class""" |
| 2471 | |
| 2472 | width = pensize |
| 2473 | up = penup |
| 2474 | pu = penup |
| 2475 | pd = pendown |
| 2476 | down = pendown |
| 2477 | st = showturtle |
| 2478 | ht = hideturtle |
| 2479 | |
| 2480 | |
| 2481 | class _TurtleImage(object): |
| 2482 | """Helper class: Datatype to store Turtle attributes |
| 2483 | """ |
| 2484 | |
| 2485 | def __init__(self, screen, shapeIndex): |
| 2486 | self.screen = screen |
| 2487 | self._type = None |
| 2488 | self._setshape(shapeIndex) |
| 2489 | |
| 2490 | def _setshape(self, shapeIndex): |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2491 | screen = self.screen |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2492 | self.shapeIndex = shapeIndex |
| 2493 | if self._type == "polygon" == screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._type: |
| 2494 | return |
| 2495 | if self._type == "image" == screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._type: |
| 2496 | return |
| 2497 | if self._type in ["image", "polygon"]: |
| 2498 | screen._delete(self._item) |
| 2499 | elif self._type == "compound": |
| 2500 | for item in self._item: |
| 2501 | screen._delete(item) |
| 2502 | self._type = screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._type |
| 2503 | if self._type == "polygon": |
| 2504 | self._item = screen._createpoly() |
| 2505 | elif self._type == "image": |
| 2506 | self._item = screen._createimage(screen._shapes["blank"]._data) |
| 2507 | elif self._type == "compound": |
| 2508 | self._item = [screen._createpoly() for item in |
| 2509 | screen._shapes[shapeIndex]._data] |
| 2510 | |
| 2511 | |
| 2512 | class RawTurtle(TPen, TNavigator): |
| 2513 | """Animation part of the RawTurtle. |
| 2514 | Puts RawTurtle upon a TurtleScreen and provides tools for |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2515 | its animation. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2516 | """ |
| 2517 | screens = [] |
| 2518 | |
| 2519 | def __init__(self, canvas=None, |
| 2520 | shape=_CFG["shape"], |
| 2521 | undobuffersize=_CFG["undobuffersize"], |
| 2522 | visible=_CFG["visible"]): |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2523 | if isinstance(canvas, _Screen): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2524 | self.screen = canvas |
| 2525 | elif isinstance(canvas, TurtleScreen): |
| 2526 | if canvas not in RawTurtle.screens: |
| 2527 | RawTurtle.screens.append(canvas) |
| 2528 | self.screen = canvas |
| 2529 | elif isinstance(canvas, (ScrolledCanvas, Canvas)): |
| 2530 | for screen in RawTurtle.screens: |
| 2531 | if screen.cv == canvas: |
| 2532 | self.screen = screen |
| 2533 | break |
| 2534 | else: |
| 2535 | self.screen = TurtleScreen(canvas) |
| 2536 | RawTurtle.screens.append(self.screen) |
| 2537 | else: |
| 2538 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad cavas argument %s" % canvas) |
| 2539 | |
| 2540 | screen = self.screen |
| 2541 | TNavigator.__init__(self, screen.mode()) |
| 2542 | TPen.__init__(self) |
| 2543 | screen._turtles.append(self) |
| 2544 | self.drawingLineItem = screen._createline() |
| 2545 | self.turtle = _TurtleImage(screen, shape) |
| 2546 | self._poly = None |
| 2547 | self._creatingPoly = False |
| 2548 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
| 2549 | self._shown = visible |
| 2550 | self._hidden_from_screen = False |
| 2551 | self.currentLineItem = screen._createline() |
| 2552 | self.currentLine = [self._position] |
| 2553 | self.items = [self.currentLineItem] |
| 2554 | self.stampItems = [] |
| 2555 | self._undobuffersize = undobuffersize |
| 2556 | self.undobuffer = Tbuffer(undobuffersize) |
| 2557 | self._update() |
| 2558 | |
| 2559 | def reset(self): |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2560 | """Delete the turtle's drawings and restore its default values. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2561 | |
| 2562 | No argument. |
| 2563 | , |
| 2564 | Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen, re-center the turtle |
| 2565 | and set variables to the default values. |
| 2566 | |
| 2567 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2568 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 2569 | (0.00,-22.00) |
| 2570 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 2571 | 100.0 |
| 2572 | >>> turtle.reset() |
| 2573 | >>> turtle.position() |
| 2574 | (0.00,0.00) |
| 2575 | >>> turtle.heading() |
| 2576 | 0.0 |
| 2577 | """ |
| 2578 | TNavigator.reset(self) |
| 2579 | TPen._reset(self) |
| 2580 | self._clear() |
| 2581 | self._drawturtle() |
| 2582 | self._update() |
| 2583 | |
| 2584 | def setundobuffer(self, size): |
| 2585 | """Set or disable undobuffer. |
| 2586 | |
| 2587 | Argument: |
| 2588 | size -- an integer or None |
| 2589 | |
| 2590 | If size is an integer an empty undobuffer of given size is installed. |
| 2591 | Size gives the maximum number of turtle-actions that can be undone |
| 2592 | by the undo() function. |
| 2593 | If size is None, no undobuffer is present. |
| 2594 | |
| 2595 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2596 | >>> turtle.setundobuffer(42) |
| 2597 | """ |
| 2598 | if size is None: |
| 2599 | self.undobuffer = None |
| 2600 | else: |
| 2601 | self.undobuffer = Tbuffer(size) |
| 2602 | |
| 2603 | def undobufferentries(self): |
| 2604 | """Return count of entries in the undobuffer. |
| 2605 | |
| 2606 | No argument. |
| 2607 | |
| 2608 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2609 | >>> while undobufferentries(): |
| 2610 | undo() |
| 2611 | """ |
| 2612 | if self.undobuffer is None: |
| 2613 | return 0 |
| 2614 | return self.undobuffer.nr_of_items() |
| 2615 | |
| 2616 | def _clear(self): |
| 2617 | """Delete all of pen's drawings""" |
| 2618 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
| 2619 | for item in self.items: |
| 2620 | self.screen._delete(item) |
| 2621 | self.currentLineItem = self.screen._createline() |
| 2622 | self.currentLine = [] |
| 2623 | if self._drawing: |
| 2624 | self.currentLine.append(self._position) |
| 2625 | self.items = [self.currentLineItem] |
| 2626 | self.clearstamps() |
| 2627 | self.setundobuffer(self._undobuffersize) |
| 2628 | |
| 2629 | |
| 2630 | def clear(self): |
| 2631 | """Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. |
| 2632 | |
| 2633 | No arguments. |
| 2634 | |
| 2635 | Delete the turtle's drawings from the screen. Do not move turtle. |
| 2636 | State and position of the turtle as well as drawings of other |
| 2637 | turtles are not affected. |
| 2638 | |
| 2639 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2640 | >>> turtle.clear() |
| 2641 | """ |
| 2642 | self._clear() |
| 2643 | self._update() |
| 2644 | |
| 2645 | def _update_data(self): |
| 2646 | self.screen._incrementudc() |
| 2647 | if self.screen._updatecounter != 0: |
| 2648 | return |
| 2649 | if len(self.currentLine)>1: |
| 2650 | self.screen._drawline(self.currentLineItem, self.currentLine, |
| 2651 | self._pencolor, self._pensize) |
| 2652 | |
| 2653 | def _update(self): |
| 2654 | """Perform a Turtle-data update. |
| 2655 | """ |
| 2656 | screen = self.screen |
| 2657 | if screen._tracing == 0: |
| 2658 | return |
| 2659 | elif screen._tracing == 1: |
| 2660 | self._update_data() |
| 2661 | self._drawturtle() |
| 2662 | screen._update() # TurtleScreenBase |
| 2663 | screen._delay(screen._delayvalue) # TurtleScreenBase |
| 2664 | else: |
| 2665 | self._update_data() |
| 2666 | if screen._updatecounter == 0: |
| 2667 | for t in screen.turtles(): |
| 2668 | t._drawturtle() |
| 2669 | screen._update() |
| 2670 | |
| 2671 | def _tracer(self, flag=None, delay=None): |
| 2672 | """Turns turtle animation on/off and set delay for update drawings. |
| 2673 | |
| 2674 | Optional arguments: |
| 2675 | n -- nonnegative integer |
| 2676 | delay -- nonnegative integer |
| 2677 | |
| 2678 | If n is given, only each n-th regular screen update is really performed. |
| 2679 | (Can be used to accelerate the drawing of complex graphics.) |
| 2680 | Second arguments sets delay value (see RawTurtle.delay()) |
| 2681 | |
| 2682 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2683 | >>> turtle.tracer(8, 25) |
| 2684 | >>> dist = 2 |
| 2685 | >>> for i in range(200): |
| 2686 | turtle.fd(dist) |
| 2687 | turtle.rt(90) |
| 2688 | dist += 2 |
| 2689 | """ |
| 2690 | return self.screen.tracer(flag, delay) |
| 2691 | |
| 2692 | def _color(self, args): |
| 2693 | return self.screen._color(args) |
| 2694 | |
| 2695 | def _colorstr(self, args): |
| 2696 | return self.screen._colorstr(args) |
| 2697 | |
| 2698 | def _cc(self, args): |
| 2699 | """Convert colortriples to hexstrings. |
| 2700 | """ |
| 2701 | if isinstance(args, str): |
| 2702 | return args |
| 2703 | try: |
| 2704 | r, g, b = args |
| 2705 | except: |
| 2706 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color arguments: %s" % str(args)) |
| 2707 | if self.screen._colormode == 1.0: |
| 2708 | r, g, b = [round(255.0*x) for x in (r, g, b)] |
| 2709 | if not ((0 <= r <= 255) and (0 <= g <= 255) and (0 <= b <= 255)): |
| 2710 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("bad color sequence: %s" % str(args)) |
| 2711 | return "#%02x%02x%02x" % (r, g, b) |
| 2712 | |
| 2713 | def clone(self): |
| 2714 | """Create and return a clone of the turtle. |
| 2715 | |
| 2716 | No argument. |
| 2717 | |
| 2718 | Create and return a clone of the turtle with same position, heading |
| 2719 | and turtle properties. |
| 2720 | |
| 2721 | Example (for a Turtle instance named mick): |
| 2722 | mick = Turtle() |
| 2723 | joe = mick.clone() |
| 2724 | """ |
| 2725 | screen = self.screen |
| 2726 | self._newLine(self._drawing) |
| 2727 | |
| 2728 | turtle = self.turtle |
| 2729 | self.screen = None |
| 2730 | self.turtle = None # too make self deepcopy-able |
| 2731 | |
| 2732 | q = deepcopy(self) |
| 2733 | |
| 2734 | self.screen = screen |
| 2735 | self.turtle = turtle |
| 2736 | |
| 2737 | q.screen = screen |
| 2738 | q.turtle = _TurtleImage(screen, self.turtle.shapeIndex) |
| 2739 | |
| 2740 | screen._turtles.append(q) |
| 2741 | ttype = screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex]._type |
| 2742 | if ttype == "polygon": |
| 2743 | q.turtle._item = screen._createpoly() |
| 2744 | elif ttype == "image": |
| 2745 | q.turtle._item = screen._createimage(screen._shapes["blank"]._data) |
| 2746 | elif ttype == "compound": |
| 2747 | q.turtle._item = [screen._createpoly() for item in |
| 2748 | screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex]._data] |
| 2749 | q.currentLineItem = screen._createline() |
| 2750 | q._update() |
| 2751 | return q |
| 2752 | |
| 2753 | def shape(self, name=None): |
| 2754 | """Set turtle shape to shape with given name / return current shapename. |
| 2755 | |
| 2756 | Optional argument: |
| 2757 | name -- a string, which is a valid shapename |
| 2758 | |
| 2759 | Set turtle shape to shape with given name or, if name is not given, |
| 2760 | return name of current shape. |
| 2761 | Shape with name must exist in the TurtleScreen's shape dictionary. |
| 2762 | Initially there are the following polygon shapes: |
| 2763 | 'arrow', 'turtle', 'circle', 'square', 'triangle', 'classic'. |
| 2764 | To learn about how to deal with shapes see Screen-method register_shape. |
| 2765 | |
| 2766 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2767 | >>> turtle.shape() |
| 2768 | 'arrow' |
| 2769 | >>> turtle.shape("turtle") |
| 2770 | >>> turtle.shape() |
| 2771 | 'turtle' |
| 2772 | """ |
| 2773 | if name is None: |
| 2774 | return self.turtle.shapeIndex |
| 2775 | if not name in self.screen.getshapes(): |
| 2776 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("There is no shape named %s" % name) |
| 2777 | self.turtle._setshape(name) |
| 2778 | self._update() |
| 2779 | |
| 2780 | def shapesize(self, stretch_wid=None, stretch_len=None, outline=None): |
| 2781 | """Set/return turtle's stretchfactors/outline. Set resizemode to "user". |
| 2782 | |
| 2783 | Optinonal arguments: |
| 2784 | stretch_wid : positive number |
| 2785 | stretch_len : positive number |
| 2786 | outline : positive number |
| 2787 | |
| 2788 | Return or set the pen's attributes x/y-stretchfactors and/or outline. |
| 2789 | Set resizemode to "user". |
| 2790 | If and only if resizemode is set to "user", the turtle will be displayed |
| 2791 | stretched according to its stretchfactors: |
| 2792 | stretch_wid is stretchfactor perpendicular to orientation |
| 2793 | stretch_len is stretchfactor in direction of turtles orientation. |
| 2794 | outline determines the width of the shapes's outline. |
| 2795 | |
| 2796 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2797 | >>> turtle.resizemode("user") |
| 2798 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5, 5, 12) |
| 2799 | >>> turtle.shapesize(outline=8) |
| 2800 | """ |
Florent Xicluna | fd1b093 | 2010-03-28 00:25:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2801 | if stretch_wid is stretch_len is outline is None: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2802 | stretch_wid, stretch_len = self._stretchfactor |
| 2803 | return stretch_wid, stretch_len, self._outlinewidth |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2804 | if stretch_wid == 0 or stretch_len == 0: |
| 2805 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("stretch_wid/stretch_len must not be zero") |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2806 | if stretch_wid is not None: |
| 2807 | if stretch_len is None: |
| 2808 | stretchfactor = stretch_wid, stretch_wid |
| 2809 | else: |
| 2810 | stretchfactor = stretch_wid, stretch_len |
| 2811 | elif stretch_len is not None: |
| 2812 | stretchfactor = self._stretchfactor[0], stretch_len |
| 2813 | else: |
| 2814 | stretchfactor = self._stretchfactor |
| 2815 | if outline is None: |
| 2816 | outline = self._outlinewidth |
| 2817 | self.pen(resizemode="user", |
| 2818 | stretchfactor=stretchfactor, outline=outline) |
| 2819 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2820 | def shearfactor(self, shear=None): |
| 2821 | """Set or return the current shearfactor. |
| 2822 | |
| 2823 | Optional argument: shear -- number, tangent of the shear angle |
| 2824 | |
| 2825 | Shear the turtleshape according to the given shearfactor shear, |
| 2826 | which is the tangent of the shear angle. DO NOT change the |
| 2827 | turtle's heading (direction of movement). |
| 2828 | If shear is not given: return the current shearfactor, i. e. the |
| 2829 | tangent of the shear angle, by which lines parallel to the |
| 2830 | heading of the turtle are sheared. |
| 2831 | |
| 2832 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2833 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
| 2834 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
| 2835 | >>> turtle.shearfactor(0.5) |
| 2836 | >>> turtle.shearfactor() |
| 2837 | >>> 0.5 |
| 2838 | """ |
| 2839 | if shear is None: |
| 2840 | return self._shearfactor |
| 2841 | self.pen(resizemode="user", shearfactor=shear) |
| 2842 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2843 | def settiltangle(self, angle): |
| 2844 | """Rotate the turtleshape to point in the specified direction |
| 2845 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2846 | Argument: angle -- number |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2847 | |
| 2848 | Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, |
| 2849 | regardless of its current tilt-angle. DO NOT change the turtle's |
| 2850 | heading (direction of movement). |
| 2851 | |
| 2852 | |
| 2853 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2854 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
| 2855 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
| 2856 | >>> turtle.settiltangle(45) |
| 2857 | >>> stamp() |
| 2858 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
| 2859 | >>> turtle.settiltangle(-45) |
| 2860 | >>> stamp() |
| 2861 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
| 2862 | """ |
| 2863 | tilt = -angle * self._degreesPerAU * self._angleOrient |
| 2864 | tilt = (tilt * math.pi / 180.0) % (2*math.pi) |
| 2865 | self.pen(resizemode="user", tilt=tilt) |
| 2866 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2867 | def tiltangle(self, angle=None): |
| 2868 | """Set or return the current tilt-angle. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2869 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2870 | Optional argument: angle -- number |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2871 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2872 | Rotate the turtleshape to point in the direction specified by angle, |
| 2873 | regardless of its current tilt-angle. DO NOT change the turtle's |
| 2874 | heading (direction of movement). |
| 2875 | If angle is not given: return the current tilt-angle, i. e. the angle |
| 2876 | between the orientation of the turtleshape and the heading of the |
| 2877 | turtle (its direction of movement). |
| 2878 | |
| 2879 | Deprecated since Python 3.1 |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2880 | |
| 2881 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2882 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
| 2883 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
| 2884 | >>> turtle.tilt(45) |
| 2885 | >>> turtle.tiltangle() |
| 2886 | >>> |
| 2887 | """ |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2888 | if angle is None: |
| 2889 | tilt = -self._tilt * (180.0/math.pi) * self._angleOrient |
| 2890 | return (tilt / self._degreesPerAU) % self._fullcircle |
| 2891 | else: |
| 2892 | self.settiltangle(angle) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2893 | |
| 2894 | def tilt(self, angle): |
| 2895 | """Rotate the turtleshape by angle. |
| 2896 | |
| 2897 | Argument: |
| 2898 | angle - a number |
| 2899 | |
| 2900 | Rotate the turtleshape by angle from its current tilt-angle, |
| 2901 | but do NOT change the turtle's heading (direction of movement). |
| 2902 | |
| 2903 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2904 | >>> turtle.shape("circle") |
| 2905 | >>> turtle.shapesize(5,2) |
| 2906 | >>> turtle.tilt(30) |
| 2907 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
| 2908 | >>> turtle.tilt(30) |
| 2909 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
| 2910 | """ |
| 2911 | self.settiltangle(angle + self.tiltangle()) |
| 2912 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2913 | def shapetransform(self, t11=None, t12=None, t21=None, t22=None): |
| 2914 | """Set or return the current transformation matrix of the turtle shape. |
| 2915 | |
| 2916 | Optional arguments: t11, t12, t21, t22 -- numbers. |
| 2917 | |
| 2918 | If none of the matrix elements are given, return the transformation |
| 2919 | matrix. |
| 2920 | Otherwise set the given elements and transform the turtleshape |
| 2921 | according to the matrix consisting of first row t11, t12 and |
| 2922 | second row t21, 22. |
| 2923 | Modify stretchfactor, shearfactor and tiltangle according to the |
| 2924 | given matrix. |
| 2925 | |
| 2926 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2927 | >>> turtle.shape("square") |
| 2928 | >>> turtle.shapesize(4,2) |
| 2929 | >>> turtle.shearfactor(-0.5) |
| 2930 | >>> turtle.shapetransform() |
| 2931 | >>> (4.0, -1.0, -0.0, 2.0) |
| 2932 | """ |
| 2933 | if t11 is t12 is t21 is t22 is None: |
| 2934 | return self._shapetrafo |
| 2935 | m11, m12, m21, m22 = self._shapetrafo |
| 2936 | if t11 is not None: m11 = t11 |
| 2937 | if t12 is not None: m12 = t12 |
| 2938 | if t21 is not None: m21 = t21 |
| 2939 | if t22 is not None: m22 = t22 |
| 2940 | if t11 * t22 - t12 * t21 == 0: |
| 2941 | raise TurtleGraphicsError("Bad shape transform matrix: must not be singular") |
| 2942 | self._shapetrafo = (m11, m12, m21, m22) |
| 2943 | alfa = math.atan2(-m21, m11) % (2 * math.pi) |
| 2944 | sa, ca = math.sin(alfa), math.cos(alfa) |
| 2945 | a11, a12, a21, a22 = (ca*m11 - sa*m21, ca*m12 - sa*m22, |
| 2946 | sa*m11 + ca*m21, sa*m12 + ca*m22) |
| 2947 | self._stretchfactor = a11, a22 |
| 2948 | self._shearfactor = a12/a22 |
| 2949 | self._tilt = alfa |
| 2950 | self._update() |
| 2951 | |
| 2952 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2953 | def _polytrafo(self, poly): |
| 2954 | """Computes transformed polygon shapes from a shape |
| 2955 | according to current position and heading. |
| 2956 | """ |
| 2957 | screen = self.screen |
| 2958 | p0, p1 = self._position |
| 2959 | e0, e1 = self._orient |
| 2960 | e = Vec2D(e0, e1 * screen.yscale / screen.xscale) |
| 2961 | e0, e1 = (1.0 / abs(e)) * e |
| 2962 | return [(p0+(e1*x+e0*y)/screen.xscale, p1+(-e0*x+e1*y)/screen.yscale) |
| 2963 | for (x, y) in poly] |
| 2964 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2965 | def get_shapepoly(self): |
| 2966 | """Return the current shape polygon as tuple of coordinate pairs. |
| 2967 | |
| 2968 | No argument. |
| 2969 | |
| 2970 | Examples (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 2971 | >>> turtle.shape("square") |
| 2972 | >>> turtle.shapetransform(4, -1, 0, 2) |
| 2973 | >>> turtle.get_shapepoly() |
| 2974 | ((50, -20), (30, 20), (-50, 20), (-30, -20)) |
| 2975 | |
| 2976 | """ |
| 2977 | shape = self.screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex] |
| 2978 | if shape._type == "polygon": |
| 2979 | return self._getshapepoly(shape._data, shape._type == "compound") |
| 2980 | # else return None |
| 2981 | |
| 2982 | def _getshapepoly(self, polygon, compound=False): |
| 2983 | """Calculate transformed shape polygon according to resizemode |
| 2984 | and shapetransform. |
| 2985 | """ |
| 2986 | if self._resizemode == "user" or compound: |
| 2987 | t11, t12, t21, t22 = self._shapetrafo |
| 2988 | elif self._resizemode == "auto": |
| 2989 | l = max(1, self._pensize/5.0) |
| 2990 | t11, t12, t21, t22 = l, 0, 0, l |
| 2991 | elif self._resizemode == "noresize": |
| 2992 | return polygon |
| 2993 | return tuple([(t11*x + t12*y, t21*x + t22*y) for (x, y) in polygon]) |
| 2994 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2995 | def _drawturtle(self): |
| 2996 | """Manages the correct rendering of the turtle with respect to |
Mark Dickinson | 934896d | 2009-02-21 20:59:32 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2997 | its shape, resizemode, stretch and tilt etc.""" |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 2998 | screen = self.screen |
| 2999 | shape = screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex] |
| 3000 | ttype = shape._type |
| 3001 | titem = self.turtle._item |
| 3002 | if self._shown and screen._updatecounter == 0 and screen._tracing > 0: |
| 3003 | self._hidden_from_screen = False |
| 3004 | tshape = shape._data |
| 3005 | if ttype == "polygon": |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3006 | if self._resizemode == "noresize": w = 1 |
| 3007 | elif self._resizemode == "auto": w = self._pensize |
| 3008 | else: w =self._outlinewidth |
| 3009 | shape = self._polytrafo(self._getshapepoly(tshape)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3010 | fc, oc = self._fillcolor, self._pencolor |
| 3011 | screen._drawpoly(titem, shape, fill=fc, outline=oc, |
| 3012 | width=w, top=True) |
| 3013 | elif ttype == "image": |
| 3014 | screen._drawimage(titem, self._position, tshape) |
| 3015 | elif ttype == "compound": |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3016 | for item, (poly, fc, oc) in zip(titem, tshape): |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3017 | poly = self._polytrafo(self._getshapepoly(poly, True)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3018 | screen._drawpoly(item, poly, fill=self._cc(fc), |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3019 | outline=self._cc(oc), width=self._outlinewidth, top=True) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3020 | else: |
| 3021 | if self._hidden_from_screen: |
| 3022 | return |
| 3023 | if ttype == "polygon": |
| 3024 | screen._drawpoly(titem, ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)), "", "") |
| 3025 | elif ttype == "image": |
| 3026 | screen._drawimage(titem, self._position, |
| 3027 | screen._shapes["blank"]._data) |
| 3028 | elif ttype == "compound": |
| 3029 | for item in titem: |
| 3030 | screen._drawpoly(item, ((0, 0), (0, 0), (0, 0)), "", "") |
| 3031 | self._hidden_from_screen = True |
| 3032 | |
| 3033 | ############################## stamp stuff ############################### |
| 3034 | |
| 3035 | def stamp(self): |
Mark Dickinson | f8798f5 | 2009-02-20 20:53:56 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3036 | """Stamp a copy of the turtleshape onto the canvas and return its id. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3037 | |
| 3038 | No argument. |
| 3039 | |
| 3040 | Stamp a copy of the turtle shape onto the canvas at the current |
| 3041 | turtle position. Return a stamp_id for that stamp, which can be |
| 3042 | used to delete it by calling clearstamp(stamp_id). |
| 3043 | |
| 3044 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3045 | >>> turtle.color("blue") |
| 3046 | >>> turtle.stamp() |
| 3047 | 13 |
| 3048 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
| 3049 | """ |
| 3050 | screen = self.screen |
| 3051 | shape = screen._shapes[self.turtle.shapeIndex] |
| 3052 | ttype = shape._type |
| 3053 | tshape = shape._data |
| 3054 | if ttype == "polygon": |
| 3055 | stitem = screen._createpoly() |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3056 | if self._resizemode == "noresize": w = 1 |
| 3057 | elif self._resizemode == "auto": w = self._pensize |
| 3058 | else: w =self._outlinewidth |
| 3059 | shape = self._polytrafo(self._getshapepoly(tshape)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3060 | fc, oc = self._fillcolor, self._pencolor |
| 3061 | screen._drawpoly(stitem, shape, fill=fc, outline=oc, |
| 3062 | width=w, top=True) |
| 3063 | elif ttype == "image": |
| 3064 | stitem = screen._createimage("") |
| 3065 | screen._drawimage(stitem, self._position, tshape) |
| 3066 | elif ttype == "compound": |
| 3067 | stitem = [] |
| 3068 | for element in tshape: |
| 3069 | item = screen._createpoly() |
| 3070 | stitem.append(item) |
| 3071 | stitem = tuple(stitem) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3072 | for item, (poly, fc, oc) in zip(stitem, tshape): |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3073 | poly = self._polytrafo(self._getshapepoly(poly, True)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3074 | screen._drawpoly(item, poly, fill=self._cc(fc), |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3075 | outline=self._cc(oc), width=self._outlinewidth, top=True) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3076 | self.stampItems.append(stitem) |
| 3077 | self.undobuffer.push(("stamp", stitem)) |
| 3078 | return stitem |
| 3079 | |
| 3080 | def _clearstamp(self, stampid): |
| 3081 | """does the work for clearstamp() and clearstamps() |
| 3082 | """ |
| 3083 | if stampid in self.stampItems: |
| 3084 | if isinstance(stampid, tuple): |
| 3085 | for subitem in stampid: |
| 3086 | self.screen._delete(subitem) |
| 3087 | else: |
| 3088 | self.screen._delete(stampid) |
| 3089 | self.stampItems.remove(stampid) |
| 3090 | # Delete stampitem from undobuffer if necessary |
| 3091 | # if clearstamp is called directly. |
| 3092 | item = ("stamp", stampid) |
| 3093 | buf = self.undobuffer |
| 3094 | if item not in buf.buffer: |
| 3095 | return |
| 3096 | index = buf.buffer.index(item) |
| 3097 | buf.buffer.remove(item) |
| 3098 | if index <= buf.ptr: |
| 3099 | buf.ptr = (buf.ptr - 1) % buf.bufsize |
| 3100 | buf.buffer.insert((buf.ptr+1)%buf.bufsize, [None]) |
| 3101 | |
| 3102 | def clearstamp(self, stampid): |
| 3103 | """Delete stamp with given stampid |
| 3104 | |
| 3105 | Argument: |
| 3106 | stampid - an integer, must be return value of previous stamp() call. |
| 3107 | |
| 3108 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3109 | >>> turtle.color("blue") |
| 3110 | >>> astamp = turtle.stamp() |
| 3111 | >>> turtle.fd(50) |
| 3112 | >>> turtle.clearstamp(astamp) |
| 3113 | """ |
| 3114 | self._clearstamp(stampid) |
| 3115 | self._update() |
| 3116 | |
| 3117 | def clearstamps(self, n=None): |
| 3118 | """Delete all or first/last n of turtle's stamps. |
| 3119 | |
| 3120 | Optional argument: |
| 3121 | n -- an integer |
| 3122 | |
| 3123 | If n is None, delete all of pen's stamps, |
| 3124 | else if n > 0 delete first n stamps |
| 3125 | else if n < 0 delete last n stamps. |
| 3126 | |
| 3127 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3128 | >>> for i in range(8): |
| 3129 | turtle.stamp(); turtle.fd(30) |
| 3130 | ... |
| 3131 | >>> turtle.clearstamps(2) |
| 3132 | >>> turtle.clearstamps(-2) |
| 3133 | >>> turtle.clearstamps() |
| 3134 | """ |
| 3135 | if n is None: |
| 3136 | toDelete = self.stampItems[:] |
| 3137 | elif n >= 0: |
| 3138 | toDelete = self.stampItems[:n] |
| 3139 | else: |
| 3140 | toDelete = self.stampItems[n:] |
| 3141 | for item in toDelete: |
| 3142 | self._clearstamp(item) |
| 3143 | self._update() |
| 3144 | |
| 3145 | def _goto(self, end): |
| 3146 | """Move the pen to the point end, thereby drawing a line |
| 3147 | if pen is down. All other methodes for turtle movement depend |
| 3148 | on this one. |
| 3149 | """ |
Alexander Belopolsky | 1842d0c | 2010-10-28 20:13:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3150 | ## Version with undo-stuff |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3151 | go_modes = ( self._drawing, |
| 3152 | self._pencolor, |
| 3153 | self._pensize, |
| 3154 | isinstance(self._fillpath, list)) |
| 3155 | screen = self.screen |
| 3156 | undo_entry = ("go", self._position, end, go_modes, |
| 3157 | (self.currentLineItem, |
| 3158 | self.currentLine[:], |
| 3159 | screen._pointlist(self.currentLineItem), |
| 3160 | self.items[:]) |
| 3161 | ) |
| 3162 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3163 | self.undobuffer.push(undo_entry) |
| 3164 | start = self._position |
| 3165 | if self._speed and screen._tracing == 1: |
| 3166 | diff = (end-start) |
| 3167 | diffsq = (diff[0]*screen.xscale)**2 + (diff[1]*screen.yscale)**2 |
| 3168 | nhops = 1+int((diffsq**0.5)/(3*(1.1**self._speed)*self._speed)) |
| 3169 | delta = diff * (1.0/nhops) |
| 3170 | for n in range(1, nhops): |
| 3171 | if n == 1: |
| 3172 | top = True |
| 3173 | else: |
| 3174 | top = False |
| 3175 | self._position = start + delta * n |
| 3176 | if self._drawing: |
| 3177 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, |
| 3178 | (start, self._position), |
| 3179 | self._pencolor, self._pensize, top) |
| 3180 | self._update() |
| 3181 | if self._drawing: |
| 3182 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, ((0, 0), (0, 0)), |
| 3183 | fill="", width=self._pensize) |
| 3184 | # Turtle now at end, |
| 3185 | if self._drawing: # now update currentLine |
| 3186 | self.currentLine.append(end) |
| 3187 | if isinstance(self._fillpath, list): |
| 3188 | self._fillpath.append(end) |
| 3189 | ###### vererbung!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! |
| 3190 | self._position = end |
| 3191 | if self._creatingPoly: |
| 3192 | self._poly.append(end) |
| 3193 | if len(self.currentLine) > 42: # 42! answer to the ultimate question |
| 3194 | # of life, the universe and everything |
| 3195 | self._newLine() |
| 3196 | self._update() #count=True) |
| 3197 | |
| 3198 | def _undogoto(self, entry): |
| 3199 | """Reverse a _goto. Used for undo() |
| 3200 | """ |
| 3201 | old, new, go_modes, coodata = entry |
| 3202 | drawing, pc, ps, filling = go_modes |
| 3203 | cLI, cL, pl, items = coodata |
| 3204 | screen = self.screen |
| 3205 | if abs(self._position - new) > 0.5: |
| 3206 | print ("undogoto: HALLO-DA-STIMMT-WAS-NICHT!") |
| 3207 | # restore former situation |
| 3208 | self.currentLineItem = cLI |
| 3209 | self.currentLine = cL |
| 3210 | |
| 3211 | if pl == [(0, 0), (0, 0)]: |
| 3212 | usepc = "" |
| 3213 | else: |
| 3214 | usepc = pc |
| 3215 | screen._drawline(cLI, pl, fill=usepc, width=ps) |
| 3216 | |
| 3217 | todelete = [i for i in self.items if (i not in items) and |
| 3218 | (screen._type(i) == "line")] |
| 3219 | for i in todelete: |
| 3220 | screen._delete(i) |
| 3221 | self.items.remove(i) |
| 3222 | |
| 3223 | start = old |
| 3224 | if self._speed and screen._tracing == 1: |
| 3225 | diff = old - new |
| 3226 | diffsq = (diff[0]*screen.xscale)**2 + (diff[1]*screen.yscale)**2 |
| 3227 | nhops = 1+int((diffsq**0.5)/(3*(1.1**self._speed)*self._speed)) |
| 3228 | delta = diff * (1.0/nhops) |
| 3229 | for n in range(1, nhops): |
| 3230 | if n == 1: |
| 3231 | top = True |
| 3232 | else: |
| 3233 | top = False |
| 3234 | self._position = new + delta * n |
| 3235 | if drawing: |
| 3236 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, |
| 3237 | (start, self._position), |
| 3238 | pc, ps, top) |
| 3239 | self._update() |
| 3240 | if drawing: |
| 3241 | screen._drawline(self.drawingLineItem, ((0, 0), (0, 0)), |
| 3242 | fill="", width=ps) |
| 3243 | # Turtle now at position old, |
| 3244 | self._position = old |
| 3245 | ## if undo is done during crating a polygon, the last vertex |
| 3246 | ## will be deleted. if the polygon is entirel deleted, |
| 3247 | ## creatigPoly will be set to False. |
| 3248 | ## Polygons created before the last one will not be affected by undo() |
| 3249 | if self._creatingPoly: |
| 3250 | if len(self._poly) > 0: |
| 3251 | self._poly.pop() |
| 3252 | if self._poly == []: |
| 3253 | self._creatingPoly = False |
| 3254 | self._poly = None |
| 3255 | if filling: |
| 3256 | if self._fillpath == []: |
| 3257 | self._fillpath = None |
| 3258 | print("Unwahrscheinlich in _undogoto!") |
| 3259 | elif self._fillpath is not None: |
| 3260 | self._fillpath.pop() |
| 3261 | self._update() #count=True) |
| 3262 | |
| 3263 | def _rotate(self, angle): |
| 3264 | """Turns pen clockwise by angle. |
| 3265 | """ |
| 3266 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3267 | self.undobuffer.push(("rot", angle, self._degreesPerAU)) |
| 3268 | angle *= self._degreesPerAU |
| 3269 | neworient = self._orient.rotate(angle) |
| 3270 | tracing = self.screen._tracing |
| 3271 | if tracing == 1 and self._speed > 0: |
| 3272 | anglevel = 3.0 * self._speed |
| 3273 | steps = 1 + int(abs(angle)/anglevel) |
| 3274 | delta = 1.0*angle/steps |
| 3275 | for _ in range(steps): |
| 3276 | self._orient = self._orient.rotate(delta) |
| 3277 | self._update() |
| 3278 | self._orient = neworient |
| 3279 | self._update() |
| 3280 | |
| 3281 | def _newLine(self, usePos=True): |
| 3282 | """Closes current line item and starts a new one. |
| 3283 | Remark: if current line became too long, animation |
| 3284 | performance (via _drawline) slowed down considerably. |
| 3285 | """ |
| 3286 | if len(self.currentLine) > 1: |
| 3287 | self.screen._drawline(self.currentLineItem, self.currentLine, |
| 3288 | self._pencolor, self._pensize) |
| 3289 | self.currentLineItem = self.screen._createline() |
| 3290 | self.items.append(self.currentLineItem) |
| 3291 | else: |
| 3292 | self.screen._drawline(self.currentLineItem, top=True) |
| 3293 | self.currentLine = [] |
| 3294 | if usePos: |
| 3295 | self.currentLine = [self._position] |
| 3296 | |
| 3297 | def filling(self): |
| 3298 | """Return fillstate (True if filling, False else). |
| 3299 | |
| 3300 | No argument. |
| 3301 | |
| 3302 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3303 | >>> turtle.begin_fill() |
| 3304 | >>> if turtle.filling(): |
| 3305 | turtle.pensize(5) |
| 3306 | else: |
| 3307 | turtle.pensize(3) |
| 3308 | """ |
| 3309 | return isinstance(self._fillpath, list) |
| 3310 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3311 | def begin_fill(self): |
| 3312 | """Called just before drawing a shape to be filled. |
| 3313 | |
| 3314 | No argument. |
| 3315 | |
| 3316 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3317 | >>> turtle.color("black", "red") |
| 3318 | >>> turtle.begin_fill() |
| 3319 | >>> turtle.circle(60) |
| 3320 | >>> turtle.end_fill() |
| 3321 | """ |
| 3322 | if not self.filling(): |
| 3323 | self._fillitem = self.screen._createpoly() |
| 3324 | self.items.append(self._fillitem) |
| 3325 | self._fillpath = [self._position] |
| 3326 | self._newLine() |
| 3327 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3328 | self.undobuffer.push(("beginfill", self._fillitem)) |
| 3329 | self._update() |
| 3330 | |
| 3331 | |
| 3332 | def end_fill(self): |
| 3333 | """Fill the shape drawn after the call begin_fill(). |
| 3334 | |
| 3335 | No argument. |
| 3336 | |
| 3337 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3338 | >>> turtle.color("black", "red") |
| 3339 | >>> turtle.begin_fill() |
| 3340 | >>> turtle.circle(60) |
| 3341 | >>> turtle.end_fill() |
| 3342 | """ |
| 3343 | if self.filling(): |
| 3344 | if len(self._fillpath) > 2: |
| 3345 | self.screen._drawpoly(self._fillitem, self._fillpath, |
| 3346 | fill=self._fillcolor) |
| 3347 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3348 | self.undobuffer.push(("dofill", self._fillitem)) |
| 3349 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
| 3350 | self._update() |
| 3351 | |
| 3352 | def dot(self, size=None, *color): |
| 3353 | """Draw a dot with diameter size, using color. |
| 3354 | |
| 3355 | Optional argumentS: |
| 3356 | size -- an integer >= 1 (if given) |
| 3357 | color -- a colorstring or a numeric color tuple |
| 3358 | |
| 3359 | Draw a circular dot with diameter size, using color. |
| 3360 | If size is not given, the maximum of pensize+4 and 2*pensize is used. |
| 3361 | |
| 3362 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3363 | >>> turtle.dot() |
| 3364 | >>> turtle.fd(50); turtle.dot(20, "blue"); turtle.fd(50) |
| 3365 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3366 | if not color: |
| 3367 | if isinstance(size, (str, tuple)): |
| 3368 | color = self._colorstr(size) |
| 3369 | size = self._pensize + max(self._pensize, 4) |
| 3370 | else: |
| 3371 | color = self._pencolor |
| 3372 | if not size: |
| 3373 | size = self._pensize + max(self._pensize, 4) |
| 3374 | else: |
| 3375 | if size is None: |
| 3376 | size = self._pensize + max(self._pensize, 4) |
| 3377 | color = self._colorstr(color) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3378 | if hasattr(self.screen, "_dot"): |
| 3379 | item = self.screen._dot(self._position, size, color) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3380 | self.items.append(item) |
| 3381 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3382 | self.undobuffer.push(("dot", item)) |
| 3383 | else: |
| 3384 | pen = self.pen() |
| 3385 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3386 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq"]) |
| 3387 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = True |
| 3388 | try: |
| 3389 | if self.resizemode() == 'auto': |
| 3390 | self.ht() |
| 3391 | self.pendown() |
| 3392 | self.pensize(size) |
| 3393 | self.pencolor(color) |
| 3394 | self.forward(0) |
| 3395 | finally: |
| 3396 | self.pen(pen) |
| 3397 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3398 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = False |
| 3399 | |
| 3400 | def _write(self, txt, align, font): |
| 3401 | """Performs the writing for write() |
| 3402 | """ |
| 3403 | item, end = self.screen._write(self._position, txt, align, font, |
| 3404 | self._pencolor) |
| 3405 | self.items.append(item) |
| 3406 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3407 | self.undobuffer.push(("wri", item)) |
| 3408 | return end |
| 3409 | |
| 3410 | def write(self, arg, move=False, align="left", font=("Arial", 8, "normal")): |
| 3411 | """Write text at the current turtle position. |
| 3412 | |
| 3413 | Arguments: |
| 3414 | arg -- info, which is to be written to the TurtleScreen |
| 3415 | move (optional) -- True/False |
| 3416 | align (optional) -- one of the strings "left", "center" or right" |
| 3417 | font (optional) -- a triple (fontname, fontsize, fonttype) |
| 3418 | |
| 3419 | Write text - the string representation of arg - at the current |
| 3420 | turtle position according to align ("left", "center" or right") |
| 3421 | and with the given font. |
| 3422 | If move is True, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner |
| 3423 | of the text. By default, move is False. |
| 3424 | |
| 3425 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3426 | >>> turtle.write('Home = ', True, align="center") |
| 3427 | >>> turtle.write((0,0), True) |
| 3428 | """ |
| 3429 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3430 | self.undobuffer.push(["seq"]) |
| 3431 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = True |
| 3432 | end = self._write(str(arg), align.lower(), font) |
| 3433 | if move: |
| 3434 | x, y = self.pos() |
| 3435 | self.setpos(end, y) |
| 3436 | if self.undobuffer: |
| 3437 | self.undobuffer.cumulate = False |
| 3438 | |
| 3439 | def begin_poly(self): |
| 3440 | """Start recording the vertices of a polygon. |
| 3441 | |
| 3442 | No argument. |
| 3443 | |
| 3444 | Start recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position |
| 3445 | is first point of polygon. |
| 3446 | |
| 3447 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3448 | >>> turtle.begin_poly() |
| 3449 | """ |
| 3450 | self._poly = [self._position] |
| 3451 | self._creatingPoly = True |
| 3452 | |
| 3453 | def end_poly(self): |
| 3454 | """Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. |
| 3455 | |
| 3456 | No argument. |
| 3457 | |
| 3458 | Stop recording the vertices of a polygon. Current turtle position is |
| 3459 | last point of polygon. This will be connected with the first point. |
| 3460 | |
| 3461 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3462 | >>> turtle.end_poly() |
| 3463 | """ |
| 3464 | self._creatingPoly = False |
| 3465 | |
| 3466 | def get_poly(self): |
| 3467 | """Return the lastly recorded polygon. |
| 3468 | |
| 3469 | No argument. |
| 3470 | |
| 3471 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3472 | >>> p = turtle.get_poly() |
| 3473 | >>> turtle.register_shape("myFavouriteShape", p) |
| 3474 | """ |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3475 | ## check if there is any poly? |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3476 | if self._poly is not None: |
| 3477 | return tuple(self._poly) |
| 3478 | |
| 3479 | def getscreen(self): |
| 3480 | """Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on. |
| 3481 | |
| 3482 | No argument. |
| 3483 | |
| 3484 | Return the TurtleScreen object, the turtle is drawing on. |
| 3485 | So TurtleScreen-methods can be called for that object. |
| 3486 | |
| 3487 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3488 | >>> ts = turtle.getscreen() |
| 3489 | >>> ts |
| 3490 | <turtle.TurtleScreen object at 0x0106B770> |
| 3491 | >>> ts.bgcolor("pink") |
| 3492 | """ |
| 3493 | return self.screen |
| 3494 | |
| 3495 | def getturtle(self): |
| 3496 | """Return the Turtleobject itself. |
| 3497 | |
| 3498 | No argument. |
| 3499 | |
| 3500 | Only reasonable use: as a function to return the 'anonymous turtle': |
| 3501 | |
| 3502 | Example: |
| 3503 | >>> pet = getturtle() |
| 3504 | >>> pet.fd(50) |
| 3505 | >>> pet |
| 3506 | <turtle.Turtle object at 0x0187D810> |
| 3507 | >>> turtles() |
| 3508 | [<turtle.Turtle object at 0x0187D810>] |
| 3509 | """ |
| 3510 | return self |
| 3511 | |
| 3512 | getpen = getturtle |
| 3513 | |
| 3514 | |
| 3515 | ################################################################ |
| 3516 | ### screen oriented methods recurring to methods of TurtleScreen |
| 3517 | ################################################################ |
| 3518 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3519 | def _delay(self, delay=None): |
| 3520 | """Set delay value which determines speed of turtle animation. |
| 3521 | """ |
| 3522 | return self.screen.delay(delay) |
| 3523 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3524 | def onclick(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
| 3525 | """Bind fun to mouse-click event on this turtle on canvas. |
| 3526 | |
| 3527 | Arguments: |
| 3528 | fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned |
| 3529 | the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. |
| 3530 | num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). |
| 3531 | add -- True or False. If True, new binding will be added, otherwise |
| 3532 | it will replace a former binding. |
| 3533 | |
| 3534 | Example for the anonymous turtle, i. e. the procedural way: |
| 3535 | |
| 3536 | >>> def turn(x, y): |
| 3537 | left(360) |
| 3538 | |
| 3539 | >>> onclick(turn) # Now clicking into the turtle will turn it. |
| 3540 | >>> onclick(None) # event-binding will be removed |
| 3541 | """ |
| 3542 | self.screen._onclick(self.turtle._item, fun, btn, add) |
| 3543 | self._update() |
| 3544 | |
| 3545 | def onrelease(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
| 3546 | """Bind fun to mouse-button-release event on this turtle on canvas. |
| 3547 | |
| 3548 | Arguments: |
| 3549 | fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned |
| 3550 | the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. |
| 3551 | num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). |
| 3552 | |
| 3553 | Example (for a MyTurtle instance named joe): |
| 3554 | >>> class MyTurtle(Turtle): |
| 3555 | def glow(self,x,y): |
| 3556 | self.fillcolor("red") |
| 3557 | def unglow(self,x,y): |
| 3558 | self.fillcolor("") |
| 3559 | |
| 3560 | >>> joe = MyTurtle() |
| 3561 | >>> joe.onclick(joe.glow) |
| 3562 | >>> joe.onrelease(joe.unglow) |
| 3563 | ### clicking on joe turns fillcolor red, |
| 3564 | ### unclicking turns it to transparent. |
| 3565 | """ |
| 3566 | self.screen._onrelease(self.turtle._item, fun, btn, add) |
| 3567 | self._update() |
| 3568 | |
| 3569 | def ondrag(self, fun, btn=1, add=None): |
| 3570 | """Bind fun to mouse-move event on this turtle on canvas. |
| 3571 | |
| 3572 | Arguments: |
| 3573 | fun -- a function with two arguments, to which will be assigned |
| 3574 | the coordinates of the clicked point on the canvas. |
| 3575 | num -- number of the mouse-button defaults to 1 (left mouse button). |
| 3576 | |
| 3577 | Every sequence of mouse-move-events on a turtle is preceded by a |
| 3578 | mouse-click event on that turtle. |
| 3579 | |
| 3580 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3581 | >>> turtle.ondrag(turtle.goto) |
| 3582 | |
| 3583 | ### Subsequently clicking and dragging a Turtle will |
| 3584 | ### move it across the screen thereby producing handdrawings |
| 3585 | ### (if pen is down). |
| 3586 | """ |
| 3587 | self.screen._ondrag(self.turtle._item, fun, btn, add) |
| 3588 | |
| 3589 | |
| 3590 | def _undo(self, action, data): |
| 3591 | """Does the main part of the work for undo() |
| 3592 | """ |
| 3593 | if self.undobuffer is None: |
| 3594 | return |
| 3595 | if action == "rot": |
| 3596 | angle, degPAU = data |
| 3597 | self._rotate(-angle*degPAU/self._degreesPerAU) |
| 3598 | dummy = self.undobuffer.pop() |
| 3599 | elif action == "stamp": |
| 3600 | stitem = data[0] |
| 3601 | self.clearstamp(stitem) |
| 3602 | elif action == "go": |
| 3603 | self._undogoto(data) |
| 3604 | elif action in ["wri", "dot"]: |
| 3605 | item = data[0] |
| 3606 | self.screen._delete(item) |
| 3607 | self.items.remove(item) |
| 3608 | elif action == "dofill": |
| 3609 | item = data[0] |
| 3610 | self.screen._drawpoly(item, ((0, 0),(0, 0),(0, 0)), |
| 3611 | fill="", outline="") |
| 3612 | elif action == "beginfill": |
| 3613 | item = data[0] |
| 3614 | self._fillitem = self._fillpath = None |
| 3615 | if item in self.items: |
| 3616 | self.screen._delete(item) |
| 3617 | self.items.remove(item) |
| 3618 | elif action == "pen": |
| 3619 | TPen.pen(self, data[0]) |
| 3620 | self.undobuffer.pop() |
| 3621 | |
| 3622 | def undo(self): |
| 3623 | """undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action. |
| 3624 | |
| 3625 | No argument. |
| 3626 | |
| 3627 | undo (repeatedly) the last turtle action. |
| 3628 | Number of available undo actions is determined by the size of |
| 3629 | the undobuffer. |
| 3630 | |
| 3631 | Example (for a Turtle instance named turtle): |
| 3632 | >>> for i in range(4): |
| 3633 | turtle.fd(50); turtle.lt(80) |
| 3634 | |
| 3635 | >>> for i in range(8): |
| 3636 | turtle.undo() |
| 3637 | """ |
| 3638 | if self.undobuffer is None: |
| 3639 | return |
| 3640 | item = self.undobuffer.pop() |
| 3641 | action = item[0] |
| 3642 | data = item[1:] |
| 3643 | if action == "seq": |
| 3644 | while data: |
| 3645 | item = data.pop() |
| 3646 | self._undo(item[0], item[1:]) |
| 3647 | else: |
| 3648 | self._undo(action, data) |
| 3649 | |
| 3650 | turtlesize = shapesize |
| 3651 | |
| 3652 | RawPen = RawTurtle |
| 3653 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3654 | ### Screen - Singleton ######################## |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3655 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3656 | def Screen(): |
| 3657 | """Return the singleton screen object. |
| 3658 | If none exists at the moment, create a new one and return it, |
| 3659 | else return the existing one.""" |
| 3660 | if Turtle._screen is None: |
| 3661 | Turtle._screen = _Screen() |
| 3662 | return Turtle._screen |
| 3663 | |
| 3664 | class _Screen(TurtleScreen): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3665 | |
| 3666 | _root = None |
| 3667 | _canvas = None |
| 3668 | _title = _CFG["title"] |
| 3669 | |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3670 | def __init__(self): |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3671 | # XXX there is no need for this code to be conditional, |
| 3672 | # as there will be only a single _Screen instance, anyway |
| 3673 | # XXX actually, the turtle demo is injecting root window, |
| 3674 | # so perhaps the conditional creation of a root should be |
| 3675 | # preserved (perhaps by passing it as an optional parameter) |
| 3676 | if _Screen._root is None: |
| 3677 | _Screen._root = self._root = _Root() |
| 3678 | self._root.title(_Screen._title) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3679 | self._root.ondestroy(self._destroy) |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3680 | if _Screen._canvas is None: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3681 | width = _CFG["width"] |
| 3682 | height = _CFG["height"] |
| 3683 | canvwidth = _CFG["canvwidth"] |
| 3684 | canvheight = _CFG["canvheight"] |
| 3685 | leftright = _CFG["leftright"] |
| 3686 | topbottom = _CFG["topbottom"] |
| 3687 | self._root.setupcanvas(width, height, canvwidth, canvheight) |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3688 | _Screen._canvas = self._root._getcanvas() |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3689 | TurtleScreen.__init__(self, _Screen._canvas) |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3690 | self.setup(width, height, leftright, topbottom) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3691 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3692 | def setup(self, width=_CFG["width"], height=_CFG["height"], |
| 3693 | startx=_CFG["leftright"], starty=_CFG["topbottom"]): |
| 3694 | """ Set the size and position of the main window. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3695 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3696 | Arguments: |
| 3697 | width: as integer a size in pixels, as float a fraction of the screen. |
| 3698 | Default is 50% of screen. |
| 3699 | height: as integer the height in pixels, as float a fraction of the |
| 3700 | screen. Default is 75% of screen. |
| 3701 | startx: if positive, starting position in pixels from the left |
| 3702 | edge of the screen, if negative from the right edge |
| 3703 | Default, startx=None is to center window horizontally. |
| 3704 | starty: if positive, starting position in pixels from the top |
| 3705 | edge of the screen, if negative from the bottom edge |
| 3706 | Default, starty=None is to center window vertically. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3707 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3708 | Examples (for a Screen instance named screen): |
| 3709 | >>> screen.setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0) |
| 3710 | |
| 3711 | sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen |
| 3712 | |
| 3713 | >>> screen.setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None) |
| 3714 | |
| 3715 | sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers |
| 3716 | """ |
| 3717 | if not hasattr(self._root, "set_geometry"): |
| 3718 | return |
| 3719 | sw = self._root.win_width() |
| 3720 | sh = self._root.win_height() |
| 3721 | if isinstance(width, float) and 0 <= width <= 1: |
| 3722 | width = sw*width |
| 3723 | if startx is None: |
| 3724 | startx = (sw - width) / 2 |
| 3725 | if isinstance(height, float) and 0 <= height <= 1: |
| 3726 | height = sh*height |
| 3727 | if starty is None: |
| 3728 | starty = (sh - height) / 2 |
| 3729 | self._root.set_geometry(width, height, startx, starty) |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3730 | self.update() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3731 | |
| 3732 | def title(self, titlestring): |
| 3733 | """Set title of turtle-window |
| 3734 | |
| 3735 | Argument: |
| 3736 | titlestring -- a string, to appear in the titlebar of the |
| 3737 | turtle graphics window. |
| 3738 | |
| 3739 | This is a method of Screen-class. Not available for TurtleScreen- |
| 3740 | objects. |
| 3741 | |
| 3742 | Example (for a Screen instance named screen): |
| 3743 | >>> screen.title("Welcome to the turtle-zoo!") |
| 3744 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3745 | if _Screen._root is not None: |
| 3746 | _Screen._root.title(titlestring) |
| 3747 | _Screen._title = titlestring |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3748 | |
| 3749 | def _destroy(self): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3750 | root = self._root |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3751 | if root is _Screen._root: |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3752 | Turtle._pen = None |
| 3753 | Turtle._screen = None |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3754 | _Screen._root = None |
| 3755 | _Screen._canvas = None |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3756 | TurtleScreen._RUNNING = True |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3757 | root.destroy() |
Fred Drake | d038ca8 | 2000-10-23 18:31:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3758 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3759 | def bye(self): |
| 3760 | """Shut the turtlegraphics window. |
| 3761 | |
| 3762 | Example (for a TurtleScreen instance named screen): |
| 3763 | >>> screen.bye() |
| 3764 | """ |
| 3765 | self._destroy() |
| 3766 | |
| 3767 | def exitonclick(self): |
| 3768 | """Go into mainloop until the mouse is clicked. |
| 3769 | |
| 3770 | No arguments. |
| 3771 | |
| 3772 | Bind bye() method to mouseclick on TurtleScreen. |
| 3773 | If "using_IDLE" - value in configuration dictionary is False |
| 3774 | (default value), enter mainloop. |
| 3775 | If IDLE with -n switch (no subprocess) is used, this value should be |
| 3776 | set to True in turtle.cfg. In this case IDLE's mainloop |
| 3777 | is active also for the client script. |
| 3778 | |
| 3779 | This is a method of the Screen-class and not available for |
| 3780 | TurtleScreen instances. |
| 3781 | |
| 3782 | Example (for a Screen instance named screen): |
| 3783 | >>> screen.exitonclick() |
| 3784 | |
| 3785 | """ |
| 3786 | def exitGracefully(x, y): |
| 3787 | """Screen.bye() with two dummy-parameters""" |
| 3788 | self.bye() |
| 3789 | self.onclick(exitGracefully) |
| 3790 | if _CFG["using_IDLE"]: |
| 3791 | return |
| 3792 | try: |
| 3793 | mainloop() |
| 3794 | except AttributeError: |
| 3795 | exit(0) |
| 3796 | |
| 3797 | |
| 3798 | class Turtle(RawTurtle): |
| 3799 | """RawTurtle auto-crating (scrolled) canvas. |
| 3800 | |
| 3801 | When a Turtle object is created or a function derived from some |
| 3802 | Turtle method is called a TurtleScreen object is automatically created. |
| 3803 | """ |
| 3804 | _pen = None |
| 3805 | _screen = None |
| 3806 | |
| 3807 | def __init__(self, |
| 3808 | shape=_CFG["shape"], |
| 3809 | undobuffersize=_CFG["undobuffersize"], |
| 3810 | visible=_CFG["visible"]): |
| 3811 | if Turtle._screen is None: |
| 3812 | Turtle._screen = Screen() |
| 3813 | RawTurtle.__init__(self, Turtle._screen, |
| 3814 | shape=shape, |
| 3815 | undobuffersize=undobuffersize, |
| 3816 | visible=visible) |
| 3817 | |
| 3818 | Pen = Turtle |
| 3819 | |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3820 | def _getpen(): |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3821 | """Create the 'anonymous' turtle if not already present.""" |
| 3822 | if Turtle._pen is None: |
| 3823 | Turtle._pen = Turtle() |
| 3824 | return Turtle._pen |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3825 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3826 | def _getscreen(): |
| 3827 | """Create a TurtleScreen if not already present.""" |
| 3828 | if Turtle._screen is None: |
| 3829 | Turtle._screen = Screen() |
| 3830 | return Turtle._screen |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3831 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3832 | def write_docstringdict(filename="turtle_docstringdict"): |
| 3833 | """Create and write docstring-dictionary to file. |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3834 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3835 | Optional argument: |
| 3836 | filename -- a string, used as filename |
| 3837 | default value is turtle_docstringdict |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3838 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3839 | Has to be called explicitely, (not used by the turtle-graphics classes) |
| 3840 | The docstring dictionary will be written to the Python script <filname>.py |
| 3841 | It is intended to serve as a template for translation of the docstrings |
| 3842 | into different languages. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3843 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3844 | docsdict = {} |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3845 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3846 | for methodname in _tg_screen_functions: |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3847 | key = "_Screen."+methodname |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3848 | docsdict[key] = eval(key).__doc__ |
| 3849 | for methodname in _tg_turtle_functions: |
| 3850 | key = "Turtle."+methodname |
| 3851 | docsdict[key] = eval(key).__doc__ |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3852 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3853 | f = open("%s.py" % filename,"w") |
| 3854 | keys = sorted([x for x in docsdict.keys() |
| 3855 | if x.split('.')[1] not in _alias_list]) |
| 3856 | f.write('docsdict = {\n\n') |
| 3857 | for key in keys[:-1]: |
| 3858 | f.write('%s :\n' % repr(key)) |
| 3859 | f.write(' """%s\n""",\n\n' % docsdict[key]) |
| 3860 | key = keys[-1] |
| 3861 | f.write('%s :\n' % repr(key)) |
| 3862 | f.write(' """%s\n"""\n\n' % docsdict[key]) |
| 3863 | f.write("}\n") |
| 3864 | f.close() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3865 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3866 | def read_docstrings(lang): |
| 3867 | """Read in docstrings from lang-specific docstring dictionary. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3868 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3869 | Transfer docstrings, translated to lang, from a dictionary-file |
| 3870 | to the methods of classes Screen and Turtle and - in revised form - |
| 3871 | to the corresponding functions. |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3872 | """ |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3873 | modname = "turtle_docstringdict_%(language)s" % {'language':lang.lower()} |
| 3874 | module = __import__(modname) |
| 3875 | docsdict = module.docsdict |
| 3876 | for key in docsdict: |
| 3877 | try: |
| 3878 | # eval(key).im_func.__doc__ = docsdict[key] |
| 3879 | eval(key).__doc__ = docsdict[key] |
| 3880 | except: |
| 3881 | print("Bad docstring-entry: %s" % key) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3882 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3883 | _LANGUAGE = _CFG["language"] |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3884 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3885 | try: |
| 3886 | if _LANGUAGE != "english": |
| 3887 | read_docstrings(_LANGUAGE) |
| 3888 | except ImportError: |
| 3889 | print("Cannot find docsdict for", _LANGUAGE) |
| 3890 | except: |
| 3891 | print ("Unknown Error when trying to import %s-docstring-dictionary" % |
| 3892 | _LANGUAGE) |
| 3893 | |
| 3894 | |
| 3895 | def getmethparlist(ob): |
Alexander Belopolsky | c1a6836 | 2010-10-27 13:25:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3896 | """Get strings describing the arguments for the given object |
| 3897 | |
| 3898 | Returns a pair of strings representing function parameter lists |
| 3899 | including parenthesis. The first string is suitable for use in |
| 3900 | function definition and the second is suitable for use in function |
| 3901 | call. The "self" parameter is not included. |
| 3902 | """ |
| 3903 | defText = callText = "" |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3904 | # bit of a hack for methods - turn it into a function |
| 3905 | # but we drop the "self" param. |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3906 | # Try and build one for Python defined functions |
Alexander Belopolsky | c1a6836 | 2010-10-27 13:25:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3907 | args, varargs, varkw = inspect.getargs(ob.__code__) |
| 3908 | items2 = args[1:] |
| 3909 | realArgs = args[1:] |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3910 | defaults = ob.__defaults__ or [] |
Alexander Belopolsky | c1a6836 | 2010-10-27 13:25:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3911 | defaults = ["=%r" % (value,) for value in defaults] |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3912 | defaults = [""] * (len(realArgs)-len(defaults)) + defaults |
Alexander Belopolsky | c1a6836 | 2010-10-27 13:25:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3913 | items1 = [arg + dflt for arg, dflt in zip(realArgs, defaults)] |
| 3914 | if varargs is not None: |
| 3915 | items1.append("*" + varargs) |
| 3916 | items2.append("*" + varargs) |
| 3917 | if varkw is not None: |
| 3918 | items1.append("**" + varkw) |
| 3919 | items2.append("**" + varkw) |
| 3920 | defText = ", ".join(items1) |
| 3921 | defText = "(%s)" % defText |
| 3922 | callText = ", ".join(items2) |
| 3923 | callText = "(%s)" % callText |
| 3924 | return defText, callText |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3925 | |
| 3926 | def _turtle_docrevise(docstr): |
| 3927 | """To reduce docstrings from RawTurtle class for functions |
| 3928 | """ |
| 3929 | import re |
| 3930 | if docstr is None: |
| 3931 | return None |
| 3932 | turtlename = _CFG["exampleturtle"] |
| 3933 | newdocstr = docstr.replace("%s." % turtlename,"") |
| 3934 | parexp = re.compile(r' \(.+ %s\):' % turtlename) |
| 3935 | newdocstr = parexp.sub(":", newdocstr) |
| 3936 | return newdocstr |
| 3937 | |
| 3938 | def _screen_docrevise(docstr): |
| 3939 | """To reduce docstrings from TurtleScreen class for functions |
| 3940 | """ |
| 3941 | import re |
| 3942 | if docstr is None: |
| 3943 | return None |
| 3944 | screenname = _CFG["examplescreen"] |
| 3945 | newdocstr = docstr.replace("%s." % screenname,"") |
| 3946 | parexp = re.compile(r' \(.+ %s\):' % screenname) |
| 3947 | newdocstr = parexp.sub(":", newdocstr) |
| 3948 | return newdocstr |
| 3949 | |
| 3950 | ## The following mechanism makes all methods of RawTurtle and Turtle available |
| 3951 | ## as functions. So we can enhance, change, add, delete methods to these |
| 3952 | ## classes and do not need to change anything here. |
| 3953 | |
| 3954 | |
| 3955 | for methodname in _tg_screen_functions: |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3956 | pl1, pl2 = getmethparlist(eval('_Screen.' + methodname)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3957 | if pl1 == "": |
| 3958 | print(">>>>>>", pl1, pl2) |
| 3959 | continue |
| 3960 | defstr = ("def %(key)s%(pl1)s: return _getscreen().%(key)s%(pl2)s" % |
| 3961 | {'key':methodname, 'pl1':pl1, 'pl2':pl2}) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3962 | exec(defstr) |
Martin v. Löwis | 601149b | 2008-09-29 22:19:08 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3963 | eval(methodname).__doc__ = _screen_docrevise(eval('_Screen.'+methodname).__doc__) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3964 | |
| 3965 | for methodname in _tg_turtle_functions: |
| 3966 | pl1, pl2 = getmethparlist(eval('Turtle.' + methodname)) |
| 3967 | if pl1 == "": |
| 3968 | print(">>>>>>", pl1, pl2) |
| 3969 | continue |
| 3970 | defstr = ("def %(key)s%(pl1)s: return _getpen().%(key)s%(pl2)s" % |
| 3971 | {'key':methodname, 'pl1':pl1, 'pl2':pl2}) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3972 | exec(defstr) |
| 3973 | eval(methodname).__doc__ = _turtle_docrevise(eval('Turtle.'+methodname).__doc__) |
| 3974 | |
| 3975 | |
Georg Brandl | eaa84ef | 2009-05-05 08:14:33 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3976 | done = mainloop |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3977 | |
| 3978 | if __name__ == "__main__": |
| 3979 | def switchpen(): |
| 3980 | if isdown(): |
| 3981 | pu() |
| 3982 | else: |
| 3983 | pd() |
| 3984 | |
| 3985 | def demo1(): |
| 3986 | """Demo of old turtle.py - module""" |
| 3987 | reset() |
| 3988 | tracer(True) |
| 3989 | up() |
| 3990 | backward(100) |
| 3991 | down() |
| 3992 | # draw 3 squares; the last filled |
| 3993 | width(3) |
| 3994 | for i in range(3): |
| 3995 | if i == 2: |
| 3996 | begin_fill() |
| 3997 | for _ in range(4): |
| 3998 | forward(20) |
| 3999 | left(90) |
| 4000 | if i == 2: |
| 4001 | color("maroon") |
| 4002 | end_fill() |
| 4003 | up() |
| 4004 | forward(30) |
| 4005 | down() |
| 4006 | width(1) |
| 4007 | color("black") |
| 4008 | # move out of the way |
| 4009 | tracer(False) |
| 4010 | up() |
| 4011 | right(90) |
| 4012 | forward(100) |
| 4013 | right(90) |
| 4014 | forward(100) |
| 4015 | right(180) |
| 4016 | down() |
| 4017 | # some text |
| 4018 | write("startstart", 1) |
| 4019 | write("start", 1) |
| 4020 | color("red") |
| 4021 | # staircase |
| 4022 | for i in range(5): |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4023 | forward(20) |
| 4024 | left(90) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4025 | forward(20) |
| 4026 | right(90) |
| 4027 | # filled staircase |
| 4028 | tracer(True) |
| 4029 | begin_fill() |
| 4030 | for i in range(5): |
| 4031 | forward(20) |
| 4032 | left(90) |
| 4033 | forward(20) |
| 4034 | right(90) |
| 4035 | end_fill() |
| 4036 | # more text |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4037 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4038 | def demo2(): |
| 4039 | """Demo of some new features.""" |
| 4040 | speed(1) |
| 4041 | st() |
| 4042 | pensize(3) |
| 4043 | setheading(towards(0, 0)) |
| 4044 | radius = distance(0, 0)/2.0 |
| 4045 | rt(90) |
| 4046 | for _ in range(18): |
| 4047 | switchpen() |
| 4048 | circle(radius, 10) |
| 4049 | write("wait a moment...") |
| 4050 | while undobufferentries(): |
| 4051 | undo() |
| 4052 | reset() |
| 4053 | lt(90) |
| 4054 | colormode(255) |
| 4055 | laenge = 10 |
| 4056 | pencolor("green") |
| 4057 | pensize(3) |
| 4058 | lt(180) |
| 4059 | for i in range(-2, 16): |
| 4060 | if i > 0: |
| 4061 | begin_fill() |
| 4062 | fillcolor(255-15*i, 0, 15*i) |
| 4063 | for _ in range(3): |
| 4064 | fd(laenge) |
| 4065 | lt(120) |
| 4066 | end_fill() |
| 4067 | laenge += 10 |
| 4068 | lt(15) |
| 4069 | speed((speed()+1)%12) |
| 4070 | #end_fill() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4071 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4072 | lt(120) |
| 4073 | pu() |
| 4074 | fd(70) |
| 4075 | rt(30) |
| 4076 | pd() |
| 4077 | color("red","yellow") |
| 4078 | speed(0) |
| 4079 | begin_fill() |
| 4080 | for _ in range(4): |
| 4081 | circle(50, 90) |
| 4082 | rt(90) |
| 4083 | fd(30) |
| 4084 | rt(90) |
| 4085 | end_fill() |
| 4086 | lt(90) |
| 4087 | pu() |
| 4088 | fd(30) |
| 4089 | pd() |
| 4090 | shape("turtle") |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4091 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4092 | tri = getturtle() |
| 4093 | tri.resizemode("auto") |
| 4094 | turtle = Turtle() |
| 4095 | turtle.resizemode("auto") |
| 4096 | turtle.shape("turtle") |
| 4097 | turtle.reset() |
| 4098 | turtle.left(90) |
| 4099 | turtle.speed(0) |
| 4100 | turtle.up() |
| 4101 | turtle.goto(280, 40) |
| 4102 | turtle.lt(30) |
| 4103 | turtle.down() |
| 4104 | turtle.speed(6) |
| 4105 | turtle.color("blue","orange") |
| 4106 | turtle.pensize(2) |
| 4107 | tri.speed(6) |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4108 | setheading(towards(turtle)) |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4109 | count = 1 |
| 4110 | while tri.distance(turtle) > 4: |
| 4111 | turtle.fd(3.5) |
| 4112 | turtle.lt(0.6) |
| 4113 | tri.setheading(tri.towards(turtle)) |
| 4114 | tri.fd(4) |
| 4115 | if count % 20 == 0: |
| 4116 | turtle.stamp() |
| 4117 | tri.stamp() |
| 4118 | switchpen() |
| 4119 | count += 1 |
| 4120 | tri.write("CAUGHT! ", font=("Arial", 16, "bold"), align="right") |
| 4121 | tri.pencolor("black") |
| 4122 | tri.pencolor("red") |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4123 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4124 | def baba(xdummy, ydummy): |
| 4125 | clearscreen() |
| 4126 | bye() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4127 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4128 | time.sleep(2) |
Guido van Rossum | b241b67 | 1998-12-04 16:42:46 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4129 | |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4130 | while undobufferentries(): |
| 4131 | tri.undo() |
| 4132 | turtle.undo() |
| 4133 | tri.fd(50) |
| 4134 | tri.write(" Click me!", font = ("Courier", 12, "bold") ) |
| 4135 | tri.onclick(baba, 1) |
| 4136 | |
| 4137 | demo1() |
Thomas Wouters | 477c8d5 | 2006-05-27 19:21:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4138 | demo2() |
Martin v. Löwis | 97cf99f | 2008-06-10 04:44:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 4139 | exitonclick() |