Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | % Contributed by Skip Montanaro, from the module's doc strings. |
| 2 | |
| 3 | \section{Built-in Module \sectcode{operator}} % If implemented in C |
| 4 | \bimodindex{spam} |
| 5 | |
| 6 | The \code{operator} module exports a set of functions implemented in C |
| 7 | corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example, |
| 8 | {}\code{operator.add(x, y)} is equivalent to the expression x+y. The |
| 9 | function names are those used for special class methods; variants without |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | leading and trailing \samp{__} are also provided for convenience. |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | |
| 12 | The \code{operator} module defines the following functions: |
| 13 | |
| 14 | \renewcommand{\indexsubitem}{(in module operator)} |
| 15 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | \begin{funcdesc}{add}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 17 | Return a + b, for a and b numbers. |
| 18 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 19 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 20 | \begin{funcdesc}{__add__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 21 | Return a + b, for a and b numbers. |
| 22 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 23 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 24 | \begin{funcdesc}{sub}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 25 | Return a - b. |
| 26 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 27 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 28 | \begin{funcdesc}{__sub__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 29 | Return a - b. |
| 30 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 31 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 32 | \begin{funcdesc}{mul}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 33 | Return a * b, for a and b numbers. |
| 34 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 35 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 36 | \begin{funcdesc}{__mul__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 37 | Return a * b, for a and b numbers. |
| 38 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 39 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 40 | \begin{funcdesc}{div}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 41 | Return a / b. |
| 42 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 43 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | \begin{funcdesc}{__div__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 45 | Return a / b. |
| 46 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 47 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 48 | \begin{funcdesc}{mod}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | Return a \% b. |
| 50 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 51 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 52 | \begin{funcdesc}{__mod__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 53 | Return a \% b. |
| 54 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 55 | |
| 56 | \begin{funcdesc}{neg}{o} |
| 57 | Return o negated. |
| 58 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 59 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 60 | \begin{funcdesc}{__neg__}{o} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 61 | Return o negated. |
| 62 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 63 | |
| 64 | \begin{funcdesc}{pos}{o} |
| 65 | Return o positive. |
| 66 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 67 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 68 | \begin{funcdesc}{__pos__}{o} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 69 | Return o positive. |
| 70 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 71 | |
| 72 | \begin{funcdesc}{abs}{o} |
| 73 | Return the absolute value of o. |
| 74 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 75 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 76 | \begin{funcdesc}{__abs__}{o} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 77 | Return the absolute value of o. |
| 78 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 79 | |
| 80 | \begin{funcdesc}{inv}{o} |
| 81 | Return the inverse of o. |
| 82 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 83 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 84 | \begin{funcdesc}{__inv__}{o} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 85 | Return the inverse of o. |
| 86 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 87 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 88 | \begin{funcdesc}{lshift}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | Return a shifted left by b. |
| 90 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 91 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 92 | \begin{funcdesc}{__lshift__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | Return a shifted left by b. |
| 94 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 95 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 96 | \begin{funcdesc}{rshift}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | Return a shifted right by b. |
| 98 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 99 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 100 | \begin{funcdesc}{__rshift__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | Return a shifted right by b. |
| 102 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 103 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 104 | \begin{funcdesc}{and_}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | Return the bitwise and of a and b. |
| 106 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 107 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 108 | \begin{funcdesc}{__and__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 109 | Return the bitwise and of a and b. |
| 110 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 111 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 112 | \begin{funcdesc}{or_}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | Return the bitwise or of a and b. |
| 114 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 115 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | \begin{funcdesc}{__or__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 117 | Return the bitwise or of a and b. |
| 118 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 119 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 120 | \begin{funcdesc}{concat}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | Return a + b for a and b sequences. |
| 122 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 123 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 124 | \begin{funcdesc}{__concat__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | Return a + b for a and b sequences. |
| 126 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 127 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 128 | \begin{funcdesc}{repeat}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 129 | Return a * b where a is a sequence and b is an integer. |
| 130 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 131 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 132 | \begin{funcdesc}{__repeat__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 133 | Return a * b where a is a sequence and b is an integer. |
| 134 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 135 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | \begin{funcdesc}{getitem}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | Return the value of a at index b. |
| 138 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 139 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | \begin{funcdesc}{__getitem__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 141 | Return the value of a at index b. |
| 142 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 143 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 144 | \begin{funcdesc}{setitem}{a, b, c} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | Set the value of a at index b to c. |
| 146 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 147 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | \begin{funcdesc}{__setitem__}{a, b, c} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | Set the value of a at index b to c. |
| 150 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 151 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 152 | \begin{funcdesc}{delitem}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 153 | Set the value of a at index b. |
| 154 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 155 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | \begin{funcdesc}{__delitem__}{a, b} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 157 | Set the value of a at index b. |
| 158 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 159 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | \begin{funcdesc}{getslice}{a, b, c} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 161 | Return the slice of a from index b to index c-1. |
| 162 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 163 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 164 | \begin{funcdesc}{__getslice__}{a, b, c} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 165 | Return the slice of a from index b to index c-1. |
| 166 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 167 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 168 | \begin{funcdesc}{setslice}{a, b, c, v} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 169 | Set the slice of a from index b to index c-1 to the sequence v. |
| 170 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 171 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | \begin{funcdesc}{__setslice__}{a, b, c, v} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 173 | Set the slice of a from index b to index c-1 to the sequence v. |
| 174 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 175 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 176 | \begin{funcdesc}{delslice}{a, b, c} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 177 | Delete the slice of a from index b to index c-1. |
| 178 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 179 | |
Fred Drake | 98b032a | 1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 180 | \begin{funcdesc}{__delslice__}{a, b, c} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 181 | Delete the slice of a from index b to index c-1. |
| 182 | \end{funcdesc} |
| 183 | |
| 184 | Example: Build a dictionary that maps the ordinals from 0 to 256 to their |
| 185 | character equivalents. |
| 186 | |
Guido van Rossum | e47da0a | 1997-07-17 16:34:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 187 | \bcode\begin{verbatim} |
Guido van Rossum | 61ed4db | 1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 188 | >>> import operator |
| 189 | >>> d = {} |
| 190 | >>> keys = range(256) |
| 191 | >>> vals = map(chr, keys) |
| 192 | >>> map(operator.setitem, [d]*len(keys), keys, vals) |
Guido van Rossum | e47da0a | 1997-07-17 16:34:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 193 | \end{verbatim}\ecode |