Larry Hastings | cf1a3cd | 2014-03-15 22:34:24 -0700 | [diff] [blame^] | 1 | This is Python version 3.4.0 |
| 2 | ============================ |
Guido van Rossum | 9144763 | 2000-04-11 17:11:09 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 3 | |
Benjamin Peterson | f606e68 | 2011-12-31 22:42:26 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 4 | Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, |
Benjamin Peterson | fa10ae0 | 2013-12-31 22:02:22 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 5 | 2012, 2013, 2014 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved. |
Guido van Rossum | 4405cf3 | 2007-08-30 17:16:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 6 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 7 | Python 3.x is a new version of the language, which is incompatible with the 2.x |
| 8 | line of releases. The language is mostly the same, but many details, especially |
| 9 | how built-in objects like dictionaries and strings work, have changed |
| 10 | considerably, and a lot of deprecated features have finally been removed. |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 11 | |
Guido van Rossum | 50e9fb9 | 2006-08-17 05:42:55 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 12 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 13 | Build Instructions |
| 14 | ------------------ |
Guido van Rossum | 3ff96dd | 1996-07-30 18:05:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 15 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 16 | On Unix, Linux, BSD, OSX, and Cygwin: |
| 17 | |
Martin v. Löwis | ecc5877 | 2012-05-14 13:52:03 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 18 | New text |
| 19 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 20 | ./configure |
| 21 | make |
| 22 | make test |
| 23 | sudo make install |
| 24 | |
| 25 | This will install Python as python3. |
| 26 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 27 | You can pass many options to the configure script; run "./configure --help" to |
| 28 | find out more. On OSX and Cygwin, the executable is called python.exe; |
| 29 | elsewhere it's just python. |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 30 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 31 | On Mac OS X, if you have configured Python with --enable-framework, you should |
| 32 | use "make frameworkinstall" to do the installation. Note that this installs the |
| 33 | Python executable in a place that is not normally on your PATH, you may want to |
| 34 | set up a symlink in /usr/local/bin. |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 35 | |
| 36 | On Windows, see PCbuild/readme.txt. |
| 37 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 38 | If you wish, you can create a subdirectory and invoke configure from there. For |
| 39 | example: |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 40 | |
| 41 | mkdir debug |
| 42 | cd debug |
| 43 | ../configure --with-pydebug |
| 44 | make |
| 45 | make test |
| 46 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 47 | (This will fail if you *also* built at the top-level directory. You should do a |
| 48 | "make clean" at the toplevel first.) |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 49 | |
| 50 | |
| 51 | What's New |
| 52 | ---------- |
| 53 | |
| 54 | We try to have a comprehensive overview of the changes in the "What's New in |
Georg Brandl | 08a9012 | 2012-09-29 09:34:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 55 | Python 3.4" document, found at |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 56 | |
Georg Brandl | 08a9012 | 2012-09-29 09:34:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 57 | http://docs.python.org/3.4/whatsnew/3.4.html |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 58 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 59 | For a more detailed change log, read Misc/NEWS (though this file, too, is |
| 60 | incomplete, and also doesn't list anything merged in from the 2.7 release under |
| 61 | development). |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 62 | |
| 63 | If you want to install multiple versions of Python see the section below |
| 64 | entitled "Installing multiple versions". |
Guido van Rossum | 8d90f9d | 1997-05-22 20:13:25 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 65 | |
Guido van Rossum | f501b4e | 1996-10-25 14:32:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 66 | |
Guido van Rossum | c07d5fa | 2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 67 | Documentation |
| 68 | ------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 69 | |
Georg Brandl | 08a9012 | 2012-09-29 09:34:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 70 | Documentation for Python 3.4 is online, updated daily: |
Guido van Rossum | 91cb9d2 | 1995-04-10 11:47:38 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 71 | |
Georg Brandl | 08a9012 | 2012-09-29 09:34:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 72 | http://docs.python.org/3.4/ |
Guido van Rossum | c07d5fa | 2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 73 | |
Georg Brandl | 62069d3 | 2010-07-31 08:56:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 74 | It can also be downloaded in many formats for faster access. The documentation |
| 75 | is downloadable in HTML, PDF, and reStructuredText formats; the latter version |
| 76 | is primarily for documentation authors, translators, and people with special |
| 77 | formatting requirements. |
Benjamin Peterson | 2a691a8 | 2008-03-31 01:51:45 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 78 | |
Ezio Melotti | 802bf8a | 2013-08-16 21:32:25 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 79 | If you would like to contribute to the development of Python, relevant |
| 80 | documentation is available at: |
| 81 | |
| 82 | http://docs.python.org/devguide/ |
| 83 | |
| 84 | For information about building Python's documentation, refer to Doc/README.txt. |
| 85 | |
Guido van Rossum | c07d5fa | 2000-09-01 22:50:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 86 | |
Barry Warsaw | 97f005d | 2008-12-03 16:46:14 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 87 | Converting From Python 2.x to 3.x |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 88 | --------------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 89 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | Python starting with 2.6 contains features to help locating code that needs to |
| 91 | be changed, such as optional warnings when deprecated features are used, and |
| 92 | backported versions of certain key Python 3.x features. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 94 | A source-to-source translation tool, "2to3", can take care of the mundane task |
| 95 | of converting large amounts of source code. It is not a complete solution but |
| 96 | is complemented by the deprecation warnings in 2.6. See |
Georg Brandl | 08a9012 | 2012-09-29 09:34:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 97 | http://docs.python.org/3.4/library/2to3.html for more information. |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 98 | |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 99 | |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 100 | Testing |
| 101 | ------- |
| 102 | |
Nadeem Vawda | 7dfb3a1 | 2011-08-21 16:48:54 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 103 | To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory. The test |
| 104 | set produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about skipped |
| 105 | tests due to optional features which can't be imported. If a message is printed |
| 106 | about a failed test or a traceback or core dump is produced, something is wrong. |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 107 | |
| 108 | By default, tests are prevented from overusing resources like disk space and |
| 109 | memory. To enable these tests, run "make testall". |
| 110 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 111 | IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report, *don't* |
| 112 | include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the failing test |
| 113 | manually, as follows: |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 114 | |
Antoine Pitrou | e7fed67 | 2010-12-14 22:06:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 115 | ./python -m test -v test_whatever |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 117 | (substituting the top of the source tree for '.' if you built in a different |
| 118 | directory). This runs the test in verbose mode. |
Benjamin Peterson | ad3d5c2 | 2009-02-26 03:38:59 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 119 | |
| 120 | |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | Installing multiple versions |
| 122 | ---------------------------- |
| 123 | |
| 124 | On Unix and Mac systems if you intend to install multiple versions of Python |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | using the same installation prefix (--prefix argument to the configure script) |
| 126 | you must take care that your primary python executable is not overwritten by the |
| 127 | installation of a different version. All files and directories installed using |
| 128 | "make altinstall" contain the major and minor version and can thus live |
| 129 | side-by-side. "make install" also creates ${prefix}/bin/python3 which refers to |
| 130 | ${prefix}/bin/pythonX.Y. If you intend to install multiple versions using the |
| 131 | same prefix you must decide which version (if any) is your "primary" version. |
| 132 | Install that version using "make install". Install all other versions using |
| 133 | "make altinstall". |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | |
Georg Brandl | 08a9012 | 2012-09-29 09:34:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 135 | For example, if you want to install Python 2.6, 2.7 and 3.4 with 2.7 being the |
Georg Brandl | fa2c61a | 2011-02-20 10:41:31 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | primary version, you would execute "make install" in your 2.7 build directory |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | and "make altinstall" in the others. |
Christian Heimes | dd15f6c | 2008-03-16 00:07:10 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 138 | |
| 139 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | Issue Tracker and Mailing List |
| 141 | ------------------------------ |
Michael W. Hudson | 71dcc3e | 2005-02-22 15:33:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 142 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 143 | We're soliciting bug reports about all aspects of the language. Fixes are also |
| 144 | welcome, preferable in unified diff format. Please use the issue tracker: |
Fred Drake | 6caae14 | 2000-10-25 17:51:02 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 145 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 146 | http://bugs.python.org/ |
Guido van Rossum | 76be6ed | 1995-01-02 18:33:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 147 | |
Georg Brandl | a02607e | 2010-07-31 11:00:47 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | If you're not sure whether you're dealing with a bug or a feature, use the |
| 149 | mailing list: |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | |
Mark Dickinson | b9ebd04 | 2009-02-06 16:39:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | python-dev@python.org |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 152 | |
| 153 | To subscribe to the list, use the mailman form: |
| 154 | |
Mark Dickinson | b9ebd04 | 2009-02-06 16:39:11 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-dev/ |
Georg Brandl | 81299ad | 2006-02-20 10:24:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | |
Michael W. Hudson | 71dcc3e | 2005-02-22 15:33:26 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 157 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 158 | Proposals for enhancement |
| 159 | ------------------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 160 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 161 | If you have a proposal to change Python, you may want to send an email to the |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 162 | comp.lang.python or python-ideas mailing lists for inital feedback. A Python |
| 163 | Enhancement Proposal (PEP) may be submitted if your idea gains ground. All |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 164 | current PEPs, as well as guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are listed at |
| 165 | http://www.python.org/dev/peps/. |
Guido van Rossum | 433c8ad | 1994-08-01 12:07:07 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 166 | |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 167 | |
Benjamin Peterson | 1da43e5 | 2009-06-26 13:21:52 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 168 | Release Schedule |
| 169 | ---------------- |
Guido van Rossum | 1c896e3 | 2007-08-29 23:03:30 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 170 | |
Larry Hastings | 44719a7 | 2013-09-28 23:51:00 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 171 | See PEP 429 for release details: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0429/ |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | |
| 173 | |
| 174 | Copyright and License Information |
| 175 | --------------------------------- |
| 176 | |
Georg Brandl | a7d2f00 | 2013-03-23 16:06:13 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 177 | Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, |
Benjamin Peterson | fa10ae0 | 2013-12-31 22:02:22 -0600 | [diff] [blame] | 178 | 2012, 2013, 2014 Python Software Foundation. All rights reserved. |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 179 | |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 180 | Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com. All rights reserved. |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 181 | |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 182 | Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. All |
| 183 | rights reserved. |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 184 | |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 185 | Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. All rights reserved. |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 187 | See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this software, terms & |
| 188 | conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 189 | |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 190 | This Python distribution contains *no* GNU General Public License (GPL) code, so |
| 191 | it may be used in proprietary projects. There are interfaces to some GNU code |
| 192 | but these are entirely optional. |
Guido van Rossum | ef0f129 | 2007-08-30 14:51:05 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 193 | |
Georg Brandl | 260a788 | 2011-02-20 10:29:04 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 194 | All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective holders. |