Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | **************************** |
| 2 | What's New In Python 3.3 |
| 3 | **************************** |
| 4 | |
| 5 | :Author: Raymond Hettinger |
| 6 | :Release: |release| |
| 7 | :Date: |today| |
| 8 | |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | .. Rules for maintenance: |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | |
| 11 | * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time |
| 12 | on the wording of your changes, because your text will probably |
| 13 | get rewritten to some degree. |
| 14 | |
| 15 | * The maintainer will go through Misc/NEWS periodically and add |
| 16 | changes; it's therefore more important to add your changes to |
| 17 | Misc/NEWS than to this file. |
| 18 | |
| 19 | * This is not a complete list of every single change; completeness |
| 20 | is the purpose of Misc/NEWS. Some changes I consider too small |
| 21 | or esoteric to include. If such a change is added to the text, |
| 22 | I'll just remove it. (This is another reason you shouldn't spend |
| 23 | too much time on writing your addition.) |
| 24 | |
| 25 | * If you want to draw your new text to the attention of the |
| 26 | maintainer, add 'XXX' to the beginning of the paragraph or |
| 27 | section. |
| 28 | |
| 29 | * It's OK to just add a fragmentary note about a change. For |
| 30 | example: "XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the |
| 31 | socket module." The maintainer will research the change and |
| 32 | write the necessary text. |
| 33 | |
| 34 | * You can comment out your additions if you like, but it's not |
| 35 | necessary (especially when a final release is some months away). |
| 36 | |
| 37 | * Credit the author of a patch or bugfix. Just the name is |
| 38 | sufficient; the e-mail address isn't necessary. |
| 39 | |
| 40 | * It's helpful to add the bug/patch number as a comment: |
| 41 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the socket |
| 43 | module. |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | (Contributed by P.Y. Developer in :issue:`12345`.) |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 45 | |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 46 | This saves the maintainer the effort of going through the Mercurial log |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 47 | when researching a change. |
| 48 | |
| 49 | This article explains the new features in Python 3.3, compared to 3.2. |
| 50 | |
| 51 | |
Nick Coghlan | 98e2070 | 2012-03-06 21:50:13 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 52 | .. pep-3118-update: |
| 53 | |
Stefan Krah | 9a2d99e | 2012-02-25 12:24:21 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 54 | PEP 3118: New memoryview implementation and buffer protocol documentation |
| 55 | ========================================================================= |
| 56 | |
| 57 | :issue:`10181` - memoryview bug fixes and features. |
| 58 | Written by Stefan Krah. |
| 59 | |
| 60 | The new memoryview implementation comprehensively fixes all ownership and |
| 61 | lifetime issues of dynamically allocated fields in the Py_buffer struct |
| 62 | that led to multiple crash reports. Additionally, several functions that |
| 63 | crashed or returned incorrect results for non-contiguous or multi-dimensional |
| 64 | input have been fixed. |
| 65 | |
| 66 | The memoryview object now has a PEP-3118 compliant getbufferproc() |
| 67 | that checks the consumer's request type. Many new features have been |
| 68 | added, most of them work in full generality for non-contiguous arrays |
| 69 | and arrays with suboffsets. |
| 70 | |
| 71 | The documentation has been updated, clearly spelling out responsibilities |
| 72 | for both exporters and consumers. Buffer request flags are grouped into |
| 73 | basic and compound flags. The memory layout of non-contiguous and |
| 74 | multi-dimensional NumPy-style arrays is explained. |
| 75 | |
| 76 | Features |
| 77 | -------- |
| 78 | |
| 79 | * All native single character format specifiers in struct module syntax |
| 80 | (optionally prefixed with '@') are now supported. |
| 81 | |
| 82 | * With some restrictions, the cast() method allows changing of format and |
| 83 | shape of C-contiguous arrays. |
| 84 | |
| 85 | * Multi-dimensional list representations are supported for any array type. |
| 86 | |
| 87 | * Multi-dimensional comparisons are supported for any array type. |
| 88 | |
| 89 | * All array types are hashable if the exporting object is hashable |
Nick Coghlan | 98e2070 | 2012-03-06 21:50:13 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 90 | and the view is read-only. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in |
| 91 | :issue:`13411`) |
| 92 | |
Stefan Krah | 9a2d99e | 2012-02-25 12:24:21 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | |
| 94 | * Arbitrary slicing of any 1-D arrays type is supported. For example, it |
| 95 | is now possible to reverse a memoryview in O(1) by using a negative step. |
| 96 | |
| 97 | API changes |
| 98 | ----------- |
| 99 | |
| 100 | * The maximum number of dimensions is officially limited to 64. |
| 101 | |
| 102 | * The representation of empty shape, strides and suboffsets is now |
| 103 | an empty tuple instead of None. |
| 104 | |
| 105 | * Accessing a memoryview element with format 'B' (unsigned bytes) |
| 106 | now returns an integer (in accordance with the struct module syntax). |
| 107 | For returning a bytes object the view must be cast to 'c' first. |
| 108 | |
Stefan Krah | 54c3203 | 2012-02-29 17:47:21 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 109 | * For further changes see `Build and C API Changes`_ and `Porting C code`_ . |
Stefan Krah | 9a2d99e | 2012-02-25 12:24:21 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 110 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 037ffbf | 2011-10-24 00:25:41 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 111 | .. _pep-393: |
| 112 | |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | PEP 393: Flexible String Representation |
| 114 | ======================================= |
| 115 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | The Unicode string type is changed to support multiple internal |
| 117 | representations, depending on the character with the largest Unicode ordinal |
| 118 | (1, 2, or 4 bytes) in the represented string. This allows a space-efficient |
| 119 | representation in common cases, but gives access to full UCS-4 on all |
| 120 | systems. For compatibility with existing APIs, several representations may |
| 121 | exist in parallel; over time, this compatibility should be phased out. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 122 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 123 | On the Python side, there should be no downside to this change. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 124 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | On the C API side, PEP 393 is fully backward compatible. The legacy API |
| 126 | should remain available at least five years. Applications using the legacy |
| 127 | API will not fully benefit of the memory reduction, or - worse - may use |
| 128 | a bit more memory, because Python may have to maintain two versions of each |
| 129 | string (in the legacy format and in the new efficient storage). |
| 130 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 0599b5b | 2011-11-29 22:45:07 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 131 | Functionality |
| 132 | ------------- |
| 133 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 134 | Changes introduced by :pep:`393` are the following: |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 135 | |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | * Python now always supports the full range of Unicode codepoints, including |
| 137 | non-BMP ones (i.e. from ``U+0000`` to ``U+10FFFF``). The distinction between |
| 138 | narrow and wide builds no longer exists and Python now behaves like a wide |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 139 | build, even under Windows. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 140 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 141 | * With the death of narrow builds, the problems specific to narrow builds have |
| 142 | also been fixed, for example: |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 143 | |
| 144 | * :func:`len` now always returns 1 for non-BMP characters, |
| 145 | so ``len('\U0010FFFF') == 1``; |
| 146 | |
| 147 | * surrogate pairs are not recombined in string literals, |
| 148 | so ``'\uDBFF\uDFFF' != '\U0010FFFF'``; |
| 149 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | * indexing or slicing non-BMP characters returns the expected value, |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | so ``'\U0010FFFF'[0]`` now returns ``'\U0010FFFF'`` and not ``'\uDBFF'``; |
| 152 | |
Antoine Pitrou | d136aec | 2011-11-17 01:48:06 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 153 | * all other functions in the standard library now correctly handle |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 154 | non-BMP codepoints. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 156 | * The value of :data:`sys.maxunicode` is now always ``1114111`` (``0x10FFFF`` |
| 157 | in hexadecimal). The :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetMax` function still returns |
| 158 | either ``0xFFFF`` or ``0x10FFFF`` for backward compatibility, and it should |
| 159 | not be used with the new Unicode API (see :issue:`13054`). |
| 160 | |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 161 | * The :file:`./configure` flag ``--with-wide-unicode`` has been removed. |
Victor Stinner | 7d637ab | 2011-09-29 02:56:16 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 162 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 0599b5b | 2011-11-29 22:45:07 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 163 | Performance and resource usage |
| 164 | ------------------------------ |
| 165 | |
| 166 | The storage of Unicode strings now depends on the highest codepoint in the string: |
| 167 | |
| 168 | * pure ASCII and Latin1 strings (``U+0000-U+00FF``) use 1 byte per codepoint; |
| 169 | |
| 170 | * BMP strings (``U+0000-U+FFFF``) use 2 bytes per codepoint; |
| 171 | |
| 172 | * non-BMP strings (``U+10000-U+10FFFF``) use 4 bytes per codepoint. |
| 173 | |
Martin v. Löwis | de157cc | 2012-03-06 08:42:17 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 174 | The net effect is that for most applications, memory usage of string |
| 175 | storage should decrease significantly - especially compared to former |
| 176 | wide unicode builds - as, in many cases, strings will be pure ASCII |
| 177 | even in international contexts (because many strings store non-human |
| 178 | language data, such as XML fragments, HTTP headers, JSON-encoded data, |
| 179 | etc.). We also hope that it will, for the same reasons, increase CPU |
| 180 | cache efficiency on non-trivial applications. The memory usage of |
| 181 | Python 3.3 is two to three times smaller than Python 3.2, and a little |
| 182 | bit better than Python 2.7, on a Django benchmark (see the PEP for |
| 183 | details). |
Antoine Pitrou | 0599b5b | 2011-11-29 22:45:07 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 184 | |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 185 | |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 186 | PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy |
| 187 | ===================================================== |
| 188 | |
| 189 | :pep:`3151` - Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 190 | PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou. |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | The hierarchy of exceptions raised by operating system errors is now both |
| 193 | simplified and finer-grained. |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 194 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 195 | You don't have to worry anymore about choosing the appropriate exception |
| 196 | type between :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`IOError`, :exc:`EnvironmentError`, |
| 197 | :exc:`WindowsError`, :exc:`mmap.error`, :exc:`socket.error` or |
| 198 | :exc:`select.error`. All these exception types are now only one: |
| 199 | :exc:`OSError`. The other names are kept as aliases for compatibility |
| 200 | reasons. |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 201 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 202 | Also, it is now easier to catch a specific error condition. Instead of |
| 203 | inspecting the ``errno`` attribute (or ``args[0]``) for a particular |
| 204 | constant from the :mod:`errno` module, you can catch the adequate |
| 205 | :exc:`OSError` subclass. The available subclasses are the following: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 206 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 207 | * :exc:`BlockingIOError` |
| 208 | * :exc:`ChildProcessError` |
| 209 | * :exc:`ConnectionError` |
| 210 | * :exc:`FileExistsError` |
| 211 | * :exc:`FileNotFoundError` |
| 212 | * :exc:`InterruptedError` |
| 213 | * :exc:`IsADirectoryError` |
| 214 | * :exc:`NotADirectoryError` |
| 215 | * :exc:`PermissionError` |
| 216 | * :exc:`ProcessLookupError` |
| 217 | * :exc:`TimeoutError` |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 218 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 219 | And the :exc:`ConnectionError` itself has finer-grained subclasses: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 220 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 221 | * :exc:`BrokenPipeError` |
| 222 | * :exc:`ConnectionAbortedError` |
| 223 | * :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` |
| 224 | * :exc:`ConnectionResetError` |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 225 | |
| 226 | Thanks to the new exceptions, common usages of the :mod:`errno` can now be |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 227 | avoided. For example, the following code written for Python 3.2:: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 228 | |
| 229 | from errno import ENOENT, EACCES, EPERM |
| 230 | |
| 231 | try: |
| 232 | with open("document.txt") as f: |
| 233 | content = f.read() |
| 234 | except IOError as err: |
| 235 | if err.errno == ENOENT: |
| 236 | print("document.txt file is missing") |
| 237 | elif err.errno in (EACCES, EPERM): |
| 238 | print("You are not allowed to read document.txt") |
| 239 | else: |
| 240 | raise |
| 241 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 242 | can now be written without the :mod:`errno` import and without manual |
| 243 | inspection of exception attributes:: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 244 | |
| 245 | try: |
| 246 | with open("document.txt") as f: |
| 247 | content = f.read() |
| 248 | except FileNotFoundError: |
| 249 | print("document.txt file is missing") |
| 250 | except PermissionError: |
| 251 | print("You are not allowed to read document.txt") |
| 252 | |
| 253 | |
Nick Coghlan | 1f7ce62 | 2012-01-13 21:43:40 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 254 | PEP 380: Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator |
| 255 | ================================================ |
| 256 | |
Nick Coghlan | ab7bf21 | 2012-02-26 17:49:52 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 257 | :pep:`380` - Syntax for Delegating to a Subgenerator |
| 258 | PEP written by Greg Ewing. |
| 259 | |
Nick Coghlan | 1f7ce62 | 2012-01-13 21:43:40 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 260 | PEP 380 adds the ``yield from`` expression, allowing a generator to delegate |
| 261 | part of its operations to another generator. This allows a section of code |
| 262 | containing 'yield' to be factored out and placed in another generator. |
| 263 | Additionally, the subgenerator is allowed to return with a value, and the |
| 264 | value is made available to the delegating generator. |
Nick Coghlan | b9b281b | 2012-03-06 22:31:12 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 265 | |
Nick Coghlan | 1f7ce62 | 2012-01-13 21:43:40 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 266 | While designed primarily for use in delegating to a subgenerator, the ``yield |
| 267 | from`` expression actually allows delegation to arbitrary subiterators. |
| 268 | |
Nick Coghlan | b9b281b | 2012-03-06 22:31:12 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 269 | For simple iterators, ``yield from iterable`` is essentially just a shortened |
| 270 | form of ``for item in iterable: yield item``:: |
| 271 | |
| 272 | >>> def g(x): |
| 273 | ... yield from range(x, 0, -1) |
| 274 | ... yield from range(x) |
| 275 | ... |
| 276 | >>> list(g(5)) |
| 277 | [5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4] |
| 278 | |
| 279 | However, unlike an ordinary loop, ``yield from`` allows subgenerators to |
| 280 | receive sent and thrown values directly from the calling scope, and |
| 281 | return a final value to the outer generator:: |
| 282 | |
| 283 | >>> def accumulate(start=0): |
| 284 | ... tally = start |
| 285 | ... while 1: |
| 286 | ... next = yield |
| 287 | ... if next is None: |
| 288 | ... return tally |
| 289 | ... tally += next |
| 290 | ... |
| 291 | >>> def gather_tallies(tallies, start=0): |
| 292 | ... while 1: |
| 293 | ... tally = yield from accumulate() |
| 294 | ... tallies.append(tally) |
| 295 | ... |
| 296 | >>> tallies = [] |
| 297 | >>> acc = gather_tallies(tallies) |
| 298 | >>> next(acc) # Ensure the accumulator is ready to accept values |
| 299 | >>> for i in range(10): |
| 300 | ... acc.send(i) |
| 301 | ... |
| 302 | >>> acc.send(None) # Finish the first tally |
| 303 | >>> for i in range(5): |
| 304 | ... acc.send(i) |
| 305 | ... |
| 306 | >>> acc.send(None) # Finish the second tally |
| 307 | >>> tallies |
| 308 | [45, 10] |
| 309 | |
| 310 | The main principle driving this change is to allow even generators that are |
| 311 | designed to be used with the ``send`` and ``throw`` methods to be split into |
| 312 | multiple subgenerators as easily as a single large function can be split into |
| 313 | multiple subfunctions. |
| 314 | |
Nick Coghlan | 1f7ce62 | 2012-01-13 21:43:40 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 315 | (Implementation by Greg Ewing, integrated into 3.3 by Renaud Blanch, Ryan |
| 316 | Kelly and Nick Coghlan, documentation by Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek and |
| 317 | Nick Coghlan) |
| 318 | |
| 319 | |
Nick Coghlan | ab7bf21 | 2012-02-26 17:49:52 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 320 | PEP 409: Suppressing exception context |
| 321 | ====================================== |
| 322 | |
| 323 | :pep:`409` - Suppressing exception context |
| 324 | PEP written by Ethan Furman, implemented by Ethan Furman and Nick Coghlan. |
| 325 | |
| 326 | PEP 409 introduces new syntax that allows the display of the chained |
| 327 | exception context to be disabled. This allows cleaner error messages in |
| 328 | applications that convert between exception types:: |
| 329 | |
| 330 | >>> class D: |
| 331 | ... def __init__(self, extra): |
| 332 | ... self._extra_attributes = extra |
| 333 | ... def __getattr__(self, attr): |
| 334 | ... try: |
| 335 | ... return self._extra_attributes[attr] |
| 336 | ... except KeyError: |
| 337 | ... raise AttributeError(attr) from None |
| 338 | ... |
| 339 | >>> D({}).x |
| 340 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 341 | File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> |
| 342 | File "<stdin>", line 8, in __getattr__ |
| 343 | AttributeError: x |
| 344 | |
| 345 | Without the ``from None`` suffix to suppress the cause, the original |
| 346 | exception would be displayed by default:: |
| 347 | |
| 348 | >>> class C: |
| 349 | ... def __init__(self, extra): |
| 350 | ... self._extra_attributes = extra |
| 351 | ... def __getattr__(self, attr): |
| 352 | ... try: |
| 353 | ... return self._extra_attributes[attr] |
| 354 | ... except KeyError: |
| 355 | ... raise AttributeError(attr) |
| 356 | ... |
| 357 | >>> C({}).x |
| 358 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 359 | File "<stdin>", line 6, in __getattr__ |
| 360 | KeyError: 'x' |
| 361 | |
| 362 | During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred: |
| 363 | |
| 364 | Traceback (most recent call last): |
| 365 | File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> |
| 366 | File "<stdin>", line 8, in __getattr__ |
| 367 | AttributeError: x |
| 368 | |
| 369 | No debugging capability is lost, as the original exception context remains |
| 370 | available if needed (for example, if an intervening library has incorrectly |
| 371 | suppressed valuable underlying details):: |
| 372 | |
| 373 | >>> try: |
| 374 | ... D({}).x |
| 375 | ... except AttributeError as exc: |
| 376 | ... print(repr(exc.__context__)) |
| 377 | ... |
| 378 | KeyError('x',) |
| 379 | |
| 380 | |
Nick Coghlan | 98e2070 | 2012-03-06 21:50:13 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 381 | PEP 414: Explicit Unicode literals |
| 382 | ====================================== |
| 383 | |
| 384 | :pep:`414` - Explicit Unicode literals |
| 385 | PEP written by Armin Ronacher. |
| 386 | |
| 387 | To ease the transition from Python 2 for Unicode aware Python applications |
| 388 | that make heavy use of Unicode literals, Python 3.3 once again supports the |
| 389 | "``u``" prefix for string literals. This prefix has no semantic significance |
| 390 | in Python 3, it is provided solely to reduce the number of purely mechanical |
| 391 | changes in migrating to Python 3, making it easier for developers to focus on |
| 392 | the more significant semantic changes (such as the stricter default |
| 393 | separation of binary and text data). |
| 394 | |
| 395 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 6bbd76b | 2011-11-25 19:10:05 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 396 | PEP 3155: Qualified name for classes and functions |
| 397 | ================================================== |
| 398 | |
| 399 | :pep:`3155` - Qualified name for classes and functions |
| 400 | PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou. |
| 401 | |
| 402 | Functions and class objects have a new ``__qualname__`` attribute representing |
| 403 | the "path" from the module top-level to their definition. For global functions |
| 404 | and classes, this is the same as ``__name__``. For other functions and classes, |
| 405 | it provides better information about where they were actually defined, and |
| 406 | how they might be accessible from the global scope. |
| 407 | |
| 408 | Example with (non-bound) methods:: |
Nick Coghlan | 2dfe6b0 | 2012-01-14 14:19:49 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 409 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 6bbd76b | 2011-11-25 19:10:05 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 410 | >>> class C: |
| 411 | ... def meth(self): |
| 412 | ... pass |
| 413 | >>> C.meth.__name__ |
| 414 | 'meth' |
| 415 | >>> C.meth.__qualname__ |
| 416 | 'C.meth' |
| 417 | |
| 418 | Example with nested classes:: |
| 419 | |
| 420 | >>> class C: |
| 421 | ... class D: |
| 422 | ... def meth(self): |
| 423 | ... pass |
| 424 | ... |
| 425 | >>> C.D.__name__ |
| 426 | 'D' |
| 427 | >>> C.D.__qualname__ |
| 428 | 'C.D' |
| 429 | >>> C.D.meth.__name__ |
| 430 | 'meth' |
| 431 | >>> C.D.meth.__qualname__ |
| 432 | 'C.D.meth' |
| 433 | |
| 434 | Example with nested functions:: |
| 435 | |
| 436 | >>> def outer(): |
| 437 | ... def inner(): |
| 438 | ... pass |
| 439 | ... return inner |
| 440 | ... |
| 441 | >>> outer().__name__ |
| 442 | 'inner' |
| 443 | >>> outer().__qualname__ |
| 444 | 'outer.<locals>.inner' |
| 445 | |
Antoine Pitrou | e7ede06 | 2011-11-25 19:11:26 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 446 | The string representation of those objects is also changed to include the |
Antoine Pitrou | 6bbd76b | 2011-11-25 19:10:05 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 447 | new, more precise information:: |
| 448 | |
| 449 | >>> str(C.D) |
| 450 | "<class '__main__.C.D'>" |
| 451 | >>> str(C.D.meth) |
| 452 | '<function C.D.meth at 0x7f46b9fe31e0>' |
| 453 | |
| 454 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 455 | Other Language Changes |
| 456 | ====================== |
| 457 | |
| 458 | Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are: |
| 459 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 7b578b3 | 2011-11-29 22:47:11 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 460 | * Added support for Unicode name aliases and named sequences. |
| 461 | Both :func:`unicodedata.lookup()` and ``'\N{...}'`` now resolve name aliases, |
| 462 | and :func:`unicodedata.lookup()` resolves named sequences too. |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 463 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 7b578b3 | 2011-11-29 22:47:11 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 464 | (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`12753`) |
Ezio Melotti | 931b8aa | 2011-10-21 21:57:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 465 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 7b578b3 | 2011-11-29 22:47:11 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 466 | * Equality comparisons on :func:`range` objects now return a result reflecting |
| 467 | the equality of the underlying sequences generated by those range objects. |
Ezio Melotti | 931b8aa | 2011-10-21 21:57:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 468 | |
Sandro Tosi | cd89912 | 2012-01-22 12:16:04 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 469 | (:issue:`13201`) |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 470 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 7b578b3 | 2011-11-29 22:47:11 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 471 | * The ``count()``, ``find()``, ``rfind()``, ``index()`` and ``rindex()`` |
| 472 | methods of :class:`bytes` and :class:`bytearray` objects now accept an |
| 473 | integer between 0 and 255 as their first argument. |
Mark Dickinson | 3664568 | 2011-10-23 19:53:01 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 474 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 7b578b3 | 2011-11-29 22:47:11 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 475 | (:issue:`12170`) |
Mark Dickinson | 3664568 | 2011-10-23 19:53:01 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 476 | |
Petri Lehtinen | 61ea8a0 | 2011-11-24 22:00:46 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 477 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 478 | New and Improved Modules |
| 479 | ======================== |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 480 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 481 | abc |
| 482 | --- |
| 483 | |
| 484 | Improved support for abstract base classes containing descriptors composed with |
| 485 | abstract methods. The recommended approach to declaring abstract descriptors is |
| 486 | now to provide :attr:`__isabstractmethod__` as a dynamically updated |
| 487 | property. The built-in descriptors have been updated accordingly. |
| 488 | |
| 489 | * :class:`abc.abstractproperty` has been deprecated, use :class:`property` |
| 490 | with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead. |
| 491 | * :class:`abc.abstractclassmethod` has been deprecated, use |
| 492 | :class:`classmethod` with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead. |
| 493 | * :class:`abc.abstractstaticmethod` has been deprecated, use |
| 494 | :class:`staticmethod` with :func:`abc.abstractmethod` instead. |
| 495 | |
| 496 | (Contributed by Darren Dale in :issue:`11610`) |
| 497 | |
Meador Inge | c5dbb3d | 2011-09-20 21:48:16 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 498 | array |
| 499 | ----- |
| 500 | |
| 501 | The :mod:`array` module supports the :c:type:`long long` type using ``q`` and |
| 502 | ``Q`` type codes. |
| 503 | |
| 504 | (Contributed by Oren Tirosh and Hirokazu Yamamoto in :issue:`1172711`) |
| 505 | |
| 506 | |
Nadeem Vawda | d7e5c6e | 2012-02-12 01:34:18 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 507 | bz2 |
| 508 | --- |
| 509 | |
| 510 | The :mod:`bz2` module has been rewritten from scratch. In the process, several |
| 511 | new features have been added: |
| 512 | |
| 513 | * :class:`bz2.BZ2File` can now read from and write to arbitrary file-like |
| 514 | objects, by means of its constructor's *fileobj* argument. |
| 515 | |
| 516 | (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda in :issue:`5863`) |
| 517 | |
| 518 | * :class:`bz2.BZ2File` and :func:`bz2.decompress` can now decompress |
| 519 | multi-stream inputs (such as those produced by the :program:`pbzip2` tool). |
| 520 | :class:`bz2.BZ2File` can now also be used to create this type of file, using |
| 521 | the ``'a'`` (append) mode. |
| 522 | |
| 523 | (Contributed by Nir Aides in :issue:`1625`) |
| 524 | |
| 525 | * :class:`bz2.BZ2File` now implements all of the :class:`io.BufferedIOBase` API, |
| 526 | except for the :meth:`detach` and :meth:`truncate` methods. |
| 527 | |
| 528 | |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 529 | codecs |
| 530 | ------ |
| 531 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 4f86343 | 2012-02-12 02:12:47 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 532 | The :mod:`~encodings.mbcs` codec has been rewritten to handle correctly |
Georg Brandl | ff962c5 | 2012-02-04 08:55:56 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 533 | ``replace`` and ``ignore`` error handlers on all Windows versions. The |
| 534 | :mod:`~encodings.mbcs` codec now supports all error handlers, instead of only |
| 535 | ``replace`` to encode and ``ignore`` to decode. |
Victor Stinner | 3a50e70 | 2011-10-18 21:21:00 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 536 | |
Georg Brandl | ff962c5 | 2012-02-04 08:55:56 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 537 | A new Windows-only codec has been added: ``cp65001`` (:issue:`13216`). It is the |
| 538 | Windows code page 65001 (Windows UTF-8, ``CP_UTF8``). For example, it is used |
| 539 | by ``sys.stdout`` if the console output code page is set to cp65001 (e.g., using |
| 540 | ``chcp 65001`` command). |
Victor Stinner | 2f3ca9f | 2011-10-27 01:38:56 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 541 | |
Georg Brandl | ff962c5 | 2012-02-04 08:55:56 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 542 | Multibyte CJK decoders now resynchronize faster. They only ignore the first |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 543 | byte of an invalid byte sequence. For example, ``b'\xff\n'.decode('gb2312', |
| 544 | 'replace')`` now returns a ``\n`` after the replacement character. |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 545 | |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 546 | (:issue:`12016`) |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 547 | |
Georg Brandl | ff962c5 | 2012-02-04 08:55:56 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 548 | Incremental CJK codec encoders are no longer reset at each call to their |
| 549 | encode() methods. For example:: |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 550 | |
| 551 | $ ./python -q |
| 552 | >>> import codecs |
| 553 | >>> encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder('hz')('strict') |
| 554 | >>> b''.join(encoder.encode(x) for x in '\u52ff\u65bd\u65bc\u4eba\u3002 Bye.') |
| 555 | b'~{NpJ)l6HK!#~} Bye.' |
| 556 | |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 557 | This example gives ``b'~{Np~}~{J)~}~{l6~}~{HK~}~{!#~} Bye.'`` with older Python |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 558 | versions. |
| 559 | |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 560 | (:issue:`12100`) |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 561 | |
Victor Stinner | 9f4b1e9 | 2011-11-10 20:56:30 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 562 | The ``unicode_internal`` codec has been deprecated. |
| 563 | |
Éric Araujo | 84b8ed8 | 2011-08-29 21:42:47 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 564 | crypt |
| 565 | ----- |
| 566 | |
Victor Stinner | c78fb33 | 2011-09-21 03:35:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 567 | Addition of salt and modular crypt format and the :func:`~crypt.mksalt` |
| 568 | function to the :mod:`crypt` module. |
Éric Araujo | 84b8ed8 | 2011-08-29 21:42:47 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 569 | |
| 570 | (:issue:`10924`) |
| 571 | |
Victor Stinner | a7878b7 | 2011-07-14 23:07:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 572 | curses |
| 573 | ------ |
| 574 | |
Victor Stinner | 0fdfceb | 2011-11-25 22:10:02 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 575 | * If the :mod:`curses` module is linked to the ncursesw library, use Unicode |
| 576 | functions when Unicode strings or characters are passed (e.g. |
| 577 | :c:func:`waddwstr`), and bytes functions otherwise (e.g. :c:func:`waddstr`). |
| 578 | * Use the locale encoding instead of ``utf-8`` to encode Unicode strings. |
| 579 | * :class:`curses.window` has a new :attr:`curses.window.encoding` attribute. |
Victor Stinner | c78fb33 | 2011-09-21 03:35:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 580 | * The :class:`curses.window` class has a new :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` |
| 581 | method to get a wide character |
| 582 | * The :mod:`curses` module has a new :meth:`~curses.unget_wch` function to |
| 583 | push a wide character so the next :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` will return |
| 584 | it |
Victor Stinner | a7878b7 | 2011-07-14 23:07:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 585 | |
Victor Stinner | c78fb33 | 2011-09-21 03:35:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 586 | (Contributed by Iñigo Serna in :issue:`6755`) |
Victor Stinner | a7878b7 | 2011-07-14 23:07:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 587 | |
Victor Stinner | 024e37a | 2011-03-31 01:31:06 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 588 | faulthandler |
| 589 | ------------ |
| 590 | |
| 591 | New module: :mod:`faulthandler`. |
| 592 | |
| 593 | * :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` |
| 594 | * :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` |
| 595 | |
Victor Stinner | 811db3b | 2011-09-21 03:20:03 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 596 | ftplib |
| 597 | ------ |
| 598 | |
| 599 | The :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` class now provides a new |
| 600 | :func:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS.ccc` function to revert control channel back to |
Florent Xicluna | 6d57d21 | 2011-10-23 22:23:57 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 601 | plaintext. This can be useful to take advantage of firewalls that know how to |
Victor Stinner | 811db3b | 2011-09-21 03:20:03 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 602 | handle NAT with non-secure FTP without opening fixed ports. |
| 603 | |
| 604 | (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12139`) |
| 605 | |
| 606 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 5a8bc6f | 2011-11-17 02:20:48 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 607 | imaplib |
| 608 | ------- |
| 609 | |
| 610 | The :class:`~imaplib.IMAP4_SSL` constructor now accepts an SSLContext |
| 611 | parameter to control parameters of the secure channel. |
| 612 | |
| 613 | (Contributed by Sijin Joseph in :issue:`8808`) |
| 614 | |
| 615 | |
Charles-François Natali | dc3044c | 2012-01-09 22:40:02 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 616 | io |
| 617 | -- |
| 618 | |
Charles-François Natali | d612de1 | 2012-01-14 11:51:00 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 619 | The :func:`~io.open` function has a new ``'x'`` mode that can be used to |
| 620 | exclusively create a new file, and raise a :exc:`FileExistsError` if the file |
| 621 | already exists. It is based on the C11 'x' mode to fopen(). |
Charles-François Natali | dc3044c | 2012-01-09 22:40:02 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 622 | |
| 623 | (Contributed by David Townshend in :issue:`12760`) |
| 624 | |
| 625 | |
Nadeem Vawda | 3459922 | 2011-12-09 01:32:46 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 626 | lzma |
| 627 | ---- |
| 628 | |
| 629 | The newly-added :mod:`lzma` module provides data compression and decompression |
| 630 | using the LZMA algorithm, including support for the ``.xz`` and ``.lzma`` |
| 631 | file formats. |
| 632 | |
| 633 | (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda and Per Øyvind Karlsen in :issue:`6715`) |
| 634 | |
| 635 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 636 | math |
| 637 | ---- |
| 638 | |
| 639 | The :mod:`math` module has a new function: |
| 640 | |
| 641 | * :func:`~math.log2`: return the base-2 logarithm of *x* |
| 642 | (Written by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`11888`). |
| 643 | |
| 644 | |
| 645 | nntplib |
| 646 | ------- |
| 647 | |
| 648 | The :class:`nntplib.NNTP` class now supports the context manager protocol to |
| 649 | unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to close the NNTP |
| 650 | connection when done:: |
| 651 | |
| 652 | >>> from nntplib import NNTP |
Ezio Melotti | 3c14b4e | 2011-07-13 11:44:44 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 653 | >>> with NNTP('news.gmane.org') as n: |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 654 | ... n.group('gmane.comp.python.committers') |
| 655 | ... |
Ezio Melotti | 04f648c | 2011-07-26 09:37:46 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 656 | ('211 1755 1 1755 gmane.comp.python.committers', 1755, 1, 1755, 'gmane.comp.python.committers') |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 657 | >>> |
| 658 | |
| 659 | (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`9795`) |
| 660 | |
| 661 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | c9c2c8b | 2011-02-25 14:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 662 | os |
| 663 | -- |
| 664 | |
Charles-François Natali | a003af1 | 2011-06-01 20:30:52 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 665 | * The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.pipe2` function that makes it |
| 666 | possible to create a pipe with :data:`~os.O_CLOEXEC` or |
| 667 | :data:`~os.O_NONBLOCK` flags set atomically. This is especially useful to |
| 668 | avoid race conditions in multi-threaded programs. |
| 669 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 18e8bcb | 2011-02-25 20:57:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 670 | * The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.sendfile` function which provides |
| 671 | an efficent "zero-copy" way for copying data from one file (or socket) |
| 672 | descriptor to another. The phrase "zero-copy" refers to the fact that all of |
| 673 | the copying of data between the two descriptors is done entirely by the |
| 674 | kernel, with no copying of data into userspace buffers. :func:`~os.sendfile` |
| 675 | can be used to efficiently copy data from a file on disk to a network socket, |
| 676 | e.g. for downloading a file. |
Giampaolo Rodolà | c9c2c8b | 2011-02-25 14:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 677 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 18e8bcb | 2011-02-25 20:57:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 678 | (Patch submitted by Ross Lagerwall and Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`10882`.) |
| 679 | |
| 680 | * The :mod:`os` module has two new functions: :func:`~os.getpriority` and |
| 681 | :func:`~os.setpriority`. They can be used to get or set process |
| 682 | niceness/priority in a fashion similar to :func:`os.nice` but extended to all |
| 683 | processes instead of just the current one. |
| 684 | |
| 685 | (Patch submitted by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`10784`.) |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 686 | |
Charles-François Natali | 7372b06 | 2012-02-05 15:15:38 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 687 | * The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.fwalk` function similar to |
| 688 | :func:`~os.walk` except that it also yields file descriptors referring to the |
| 689 | directories visited. This is especially useful to avoid symlink races. |
| 690 | |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 691 | * "at" functions (:issue:`4761`): |
| 692 | |
| 693 | * :func:`~os.faccessat` |
| 694 | * :func:`~os.fchmodat` |
| 695 | * :func:`~os.fchownat` |
| 696 | * :func:`~os.fstatat` |
| 697 | * :func:`~os.futimesat` |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 698 | * :func:`~os.linkat` |
| 699 | * :func:`~os.mkdirat` |
| 700 | * :func:`~os.mkfifoat` |
| 701 | * :func:`~os.mknodat` |
| 702 | * :func:`~os.openat` |
| 703 | * :func:`~os.readlinkat` |
| 704 | * :func:`~os.renameat` |
| 705 | * :func:`~os.symlinkat` |
| 706 | * :func:`~os.unlinkat` |
| 707 | * :func:`~os.utimensat` |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 708 | |
| 709 | * extended attributes (:issue:`12720`): |
| 710 | |
| 711 | * :func:`~os.fgetxattr` |
| 712 | * :func:`~os.flistxattr` |
| 713 | * :func:`~os.fremovexattr` |
| 714 | * :func:`~os.fsetxattr` |
| 715 | * :func:`~os.getxattr` |
| 716 | * :func:`~os.lgetxattr` |
| 717 | * :func:`~os.listxattr` |
| 718 | * :func:`~os.llistxattr` |
| 719 | * :func:`~os.lremovexattr` |
| 720 | * :func:`~os.lsetxattr` |
| 721 | * :func:`~os.removexattr` |
| 722 | * :func:`~os.setxattr` |
| 723 | |
| 724 | * Scheduler functions (:issue:`12655`): |
| 725 | |
| 726 | * :func:`~os.sched_get_priority_max` |
| 727 | * :func:`~os.sched_get_priority_min` |
| 728 | * :func:`~os.sched_getaffinity` |
| 729 | * :func:`~os.sched_getparam` |
| 730 | * :func:`~os.sched_getscheduler` |
| 731 | * :func:`~os.sched_rr_get_interval` |
| 732 | * :func:`~os.sched_setaffinity` |
| 733 | * :func:`~os.sched_setparam` |
| 734 | * :func:`~os.sched_setscheduler` |
| 735 | * :func:`~os.sched_yield` |
| 736 | |
| 737 | * Add some extra posix functions to the os module (:issue:`10812`): |
| 738 | |
| 739 | * :func:`~os.fexecve` |
| 740 | * :func:`~os.futimens` |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 741 | * :func:`~os.futimes` |
| 742 | * :func:`~os.lockf` |
| 743 | * :func:`~os.lutimes` |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 744 | * :func:`~os.posix_fadvise` |
| 745 | * :func:`~os.posix_fallocate` |
| 746 | * :func:`~os.pread` |
| 747 | * :func:`~os.pwrite` |
| 748 | * :func:`~os.readv` |
| 749 | * :func:`~os.sync` |
| 750 | * :func:`~os.truncate` |
| 751 | * :func:`~os.waitid` |
| 752 | * :func:`~os.writev` |
| 753 | |
| 754 | * Other new functions: |
| 755 | |
Charles-François Natali | 7794090 | 2012-02-06 19:54:48 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 756 | * :func:`~os.flistdir` (:issue:`10755`) |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 757 | * :func:`~os.getgrouplist` (:issue:`9344`) |
| 758 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 424298a | 2011-03-03 18:34:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 759 | |
Éric Araujo | 765e94f | 2011-06-03 17:26:59 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 760 | packaging |
| 761 | --------- |
| 762 | |
| 763 | :mod:`distutils` has undergone additions and refactoring under a new name, |
| 764 | :mod:`packaging`, to allow developers to break backward compatibility. |
| 765 | :mod:`distutils` is still provided in the standard library, but users are |
| 766 | encouraged to transition to :mod:`packaging`. For older versions of Python, a |
| 767 | backport compatible with 2.4+ and 3.1+ will be made available on PyPI under the |
| 768 | name :mod:`distutils2`. |
| 769 | |
| 770 | .. TODO add examples and howto to the packaging docs and link to them |
| 771 | |
| 772 | |
Victor Stinner | 383c3fc | 2011-05-25 01:35:05 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 773 | pydoc |
| 774 | ----- |
| 775 | |
Victor Stinner | 6daa33c | 2011-05-25 01:41:22 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 776 | The Tk GUI and the :func:`~pydoc.serve` function have been removed from the |
| 777 | :mod:`pydoc` module: ``pydoc -g`` and :func:`~pydoc.serve` have been deprecated |
| 778 | in Python 3.2. |
Victor Stinner | 383c3fc | 2011-05-25 01:35:05 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 779 | |
| 780 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 781 | sched |
| 782 | ----- |
Victor Stinner | 754851f | 2011-04-19 23:58:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 783 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 784 | * :meth:`~sched.scheduler.run` now accepts a *blocking* parameter which when |
| 785 | set to False makes the method execute the scheduled events due to expire |
| 786 | soonest (if any) and then return immediately. |
| 787 | This is useful in case you want to use the :class:`~sched.scheduler` in |
| 788 | non-blocking applications. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`13449`) |
Victor Stinner | 754851f | 2011-04-19 23:58:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 789 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 790 | * :class:`~sched.scheduler` class can now be safely used in multi-threaded |
| 791 | environments. (Contributed by Josiah Carlson and Giampaolo Rodolà in |
| 792 | :issue:`8684`) |
| 793 | |
| 794 | * *timefunc* and *delayfunct* parameters of :class:`~sched.scheduler` class |
| 795 | constructor are now optional and defaults to :func:`time.time` and |
| 796 | :func:`time.sleep` respectively. (Contributed by Chris Clark in |
| 797 | :issue:`13245`) |
| 798 | |
| 799 | * :meth:`~sched.scheduler.enter` and :meth:`~sched.scheduler.enterabs` |
| 800 | *argument* parameter is now optional. (Contributed by Chris Clark in |
| 801 | :issue:`13245`) |
| 802 | |
| 803 | * :meth:`~sched.scheduler.enter` and :meth:`~sched.scheduler.enterabs` |
| 804 | now accept a *kwargs* parameter. (Contributed by Chris Clark in |
| 805 | :issue:`13245`) |
| 806 | |
| 807 | |
| 808 | shutil |
| 809 | ------ |
| 810 | |
| 811 | * The :mod:`shutil` module has these new fuctions: |
| 812 | |
| 813 | * :func:`~shutil.disk_usage`: provides total, used and free disk space |
| 814 | statistics. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12442`) |
| 815 | * :func:`~shutil.chown`: allows one to change user and/or group of the given |
| 816 | path also specifying the user/group names and not only their numeric |
| 817 | ids. (Contributed by Sandro Tosi in :issue:`12191`) |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 818 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 819 | |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 820 | signal |
| 821 | ------ |
| 822 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 823 | * The :mod:`signal` module has new functions: |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 824 | |
Victor Stinner | b3e7219 | 2011-05-08 01:46:11 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 825 | * :func:`~signal.pthread_sigmask`: fetch and/or change the signal mask of the |
| 826 | calling thread (Contributed by Jean-Paul Calderone in :issue:`8407`) ; |
| 827 | * :func:`~signal.pthread_kill`: send a signal to a thread ; |
| 828 | * :func:`~signal.sigpending`: examine pending functions ; |
| 829 | * :func:`~signal.sigwait`: wait a signal. |
Ross Lagerwall | bc80822 | 2011-06-25 12:13:40 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 830 | * :func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo`: wait for a signal, returning detailed |
| 831 | information about it. |
| 832 | * :func:`~signal.sigtimedwait`: like :func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo` but with a |
| 833 | timeout. |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 834 | |
Victor Stinner | d49b1f1 | 2011-05-08 02:03:15 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 835 | * The signal handler writes the signal number as a single byte instead of |
| 836 | a nul byte into the wakeup file descriptor. So it is possible to wait more |
| 837 | than one signal and know which signals were raised. |
| 838 | |
Victor Stinner | 388196e | 2011-05-10 17:13:00 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 839 | * :func:`signal.signal` and :func:`signal.siginterrupt` raise an OSError, |
| 840 | instead of a RuntimeError: OSError has an errno attribute. |
| 841 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 842 | smtplib |
| 843 | ------- |
| 844 | |
| 845 | The :class:`~smtplib.SMTP_SSL` constructor and the :meth:`~smtplib.SMTP.starttls` |
| 846 | method now accept an SSLContext parameter to control parameters of the secure |
| 847 | channel. |
| 848 | |
| 849 | (Contributed by Kasun Herath in :issue:`8809`) |
| 850 | |
| 851 | |
Nick Coghlan | 96fe56a | 2011-08-22 11:55:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 852 | socket |
| 853 | ------ |
| 854 | |
Charles-François Natali | 47413c1 | 2011-10-06 19:47:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 855 | * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now exposes additional methods to process |
| 856 | ancillary data when supported by the underlying platform: |
Nick Coghlan | 96fe56a | 2011-08-22 11:55:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 857 | |
Charles-François Natali | 47413c1 | 2011-10-06 19:47:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 858 | * :func:`~socket.socket.sendmsg` |
| 859 | * :func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg` |
| 860 | * :func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg_into` |
Nick Coghlan | 96fe56a | 2011-08-22 11:55:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 861 | |
Charles-François Natali | 47413c1 | 2011-10-06 19:47:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 862 | (Contributed by David Watson in :issue:`6560`, based on an earlier patch by |
| 863 | Heiko Wundram) |
| 864 | |
| 865 | * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_CAN protocol family |
| 866 | (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux |
| 867 | (http://lwn.net/Articles/253425). |
| 868 | |
| 869 | (Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in :issue:`10141`) |
| 870 | |
Charles-François Natali | 10b8cf4 | 2011-11-10 19:21:37 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 871 | * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_RDS protocol family |
| 872 | (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliable_Datagram_Sockets and |
| 873 | http://oss.oracle.com/projects/rds/). |
Victor Stinner | 754851f | 2011-04-19 23:58:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 874 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 875 | |
Victor Stinner | 99c8b16 | 2011-05-24 12:05:19 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 876 | ssl |
| 877 | --- |
| 878 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 2c0a967 | 2011-11-17 02:09:13 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 879 | * The :mod:`ssl` module has two new random generation functions: |
Victor Stinner | 99c8b16 | 2011-05-24 12:05:19 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 880 | |
| 881 | * :func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes`: generate cryptographically strong |
| 882 | pseudo-random bytes. |
| 883 | * :func:`~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes`: generate pseudo-random bytes. |
| 884 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 2c0a967 | 2011-11-17 02:09:13 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 885 | (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`12049`) |
| 886 | |
| 887 | * The :mod:`ssl` module now exposes a finer-grained exception hierarchy |
| 888 | in order to make it easier to inspect the various kinds of errors. |
| 889 | |
| 890 | (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`11183`) |
| 891 | |
| 892 | * :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_cert_chain` now accepts a *password* argument |
| 893 | to be used if the private key is encrypted. |
| 894 | |
| 895 | (Contributed by Adam Simpkins in :issue:`12803`) |
| 896 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 73fc814 | 2011-12-23 20:58:36 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 897 | * Diffie-Hellman key exchange, both regular and Elliptic Curve-based, is |
| 898 | now supported through the :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.load_dh_params` and |
| 899 | :meth:`~ssl.SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve` methods. |
| 900 | |
| 901 | (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13626` and :issue:`13627`) |
| 902 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 2c0a967 | 2011-11-17 02:09:13 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 903 | * SSL sockets have a new :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.get_channel_binding` method |
| 904 | allowing the implementation of certain authentication mechanisms such as |
| 905 | SCRAM-SHA-1-PLUS. |
| 906 | |
| 907 | (Contributed by Jacek Konieczny in :issue:`12551`) |
| 908 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 73fc814 | 2011-12-23 20:58:36 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 909 | * You can query the SSL compression algorithm used by an SSL socket, thanks |
| 910 | to its new :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.compression` method. |
| 911 | |
| 912 | (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13634`) |
| 913 | |
| 914 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 915 | sys |
| 916 | --- |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 210e7ca | 2011-07-01 13:55:36 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 917 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 918 | * The :mod:`sys` module has a new :data:`~sys.thread_info` :term:`struct |
| 919 | sequence` holding informations about the thread implementation. |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 210e7ca | 2011-07-01 13:55:36 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 920 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 921 | (:issue:`11223`) |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 096dcb1 | 2011-06-27 11:17:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 922 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 5a8bc6f | 2011-11-17 02:20:48 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 923 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 924 | time |
| 925 | ---- |
Antoine Pitrou | 5a8bc6f | 2011-11-17 02:20:48 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 926 | |
Victor Stinner | f4c54ff | 2012-02-08 01:48:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 927 | The :mod:`time` module has new functions: |
| 928 | |
| 929 | * :func:`~time.clock_getres` and :func:`~time.clock_gettime` functions and |
| 930 | ``CLOCK_xxx`` constants. |
| 931 | * :func:`~time.monotonic`: monotonic clock. |
| 932 | * :func:`~time.wallclock`. |
| 933 | |
| 934 | (Contributed by Victor Stinner in :issue:`10278`) |
| 935 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 5a8bc6f | 2011-11-17 02:20:48 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 936 | |
Senthil Kumaran | de49d64 | 2011-10-16 23:54:44 +0800 | [diff] [blame] | 937 | urllib |
| 938 | ------ |
| 939 | |
| 940 | The :class:`~urllib.request.Request` class, now accepts a *method* argument |
| 941 | used by :meth:`~urllib.request.Request.get_method` to determine what HTTP method |
Senthil Kumaran | a41c942 | 2011-10-20 02:37:08 +0800 | [diff] [blame] | 942 | should be used. For example, this will send a ``'HEAD'`` request:: |
Senthil Kumaran | de49d64 | 2011-10-16 23:54:44 +0800 | [diff] [blame] | 943 | |
| 944 | >>> urlopen(Request('http://www.python.org', method='HEAD')) |
| 945 | |
| 946 | (:issue:`1673007`) |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 096dcb1 | 2011-06-27 11:17:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 947 | |
Giampaolo Rodola' | be55d99 | 2011-11-22 13:33:34 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 948 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 949 | Optimizations |
| 950 | ============= |
| 951 | |
| 952 | Major performance enhancements have been added: |
| 953 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 954 | * Thanks to the :pep:`393`, some operations on Unicode strings has been optimized: |
| 955 | |
| 956 | * the memory footprint is divided by 2 to 4 depending on the text |
Victor Stinner | a996f1e | 2011-11-21 13:14:43 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 957 | * encode an ASCII string to UTF-8 doesn't need to encode characters anymore, |
| 958 | the UTF-8 representation is shared with the ASCII representation |
Victor Stinner | 6099a03 | 2011-12-18 14:22:26 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 959 | * the UTF-8 encoder has been optimized |
| 960 | * repeating a single ASCII letter and getting a substring of a ASCII strings |
| 961 | is 4 times faster |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 962 | |
| 963 | |
| 964 | Build and C API Changes |
| 965 | ======================= |
| 966 | |
| 967 | Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include: |
| 968 | |
Stefan Krah | 95b1ba6 | 2012-02-29 17:27:21 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 969 | * New :pep:`3118` related function: |
| 970 | |
| 971 | * :c:func:`PyMemoryView_FromMemory` |
| 972 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 973 | * The :pep:`393` added new Unicode types, macros and functions: |
| 974 | |
Victor Stinner | a996f1e | 2011-11-21 13:14:43 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 975 | * High-level API: |
| 976 | |
| 977 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` |
| 978 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar` |
| 979 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH` |
| 980 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_New` |
| 981 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring` |
| 982 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_ReadChar`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_WriteChar` |
| 983 | |
| 984 | * Low-level API: |
| 985 | |
| 986 | * :c:type:`Py_UCS1`, :c:type:`Py_UCS2`, :c:type:`Py_UCS4` types |
| 987 | * :c:type:`PyASCIIObject` and :c:type:`PyCompactUnicodeObject` structures |
| 988 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_READY` |
| 989 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromKindAndData` |
| 990 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy` |
| 991 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_DATA`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA`, |
| 992 | :c:macro:`PyUnicode_2BYTE_DATA`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_DATA` |
| 993 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_KIND` with :c:type:`PyUnicode_Kind` enum: |
| 994 | :c:data:`PyUnicode_WCHAR_KIND`, :c:data:`PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND`, |
| 995 | :c:data:`PyUnicode_2BYTE_KIND`, :c:data:`PyUnicode_4BYTE_KIND` |
| 996 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ_CHAR`, :c:macro:`PyUnicode_WRITE` |
| 997 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_MAX_CHAR_VALUE` |
| 998 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 999 | |
| 1000 | |
Victor Stinner | d1be878 | 2011-12-09 00:10:41 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1001 | Deprecated |
| 1002 | ========== |
| 1003 | |
Georg Brandl | 0cd25c9 | 2011-04-29 13:45:54 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1004 | Unsupported Operating Systems |
Victor Stinner | d1be878 | 2011-12-09 00:10:41 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1005 | ----------------------------- |
Victor Stinner | b90db4c | 2011-04-26 22:48:24 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1006 | |
Brian Curtin | 49a40cd | 2011-05-02 22:30:06 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 1007 | OS/2 and VMS are no longer supported due to the lack of a maintainer. |
| 1008 | |
| 1009 | Windows 2000 and Windows platforms which set ``COMSPEC`` to ``command.com`` |
| 1010 | are no longer supported due to maintenance burden. |
Victor Stinner | b90db4c | 2011-04-26 22:48:24 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1011 | |
| 1012 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1013 | Deprecated Python modules, functions and methods |
Victor Stinner | d1be878 | 2011-12-09 00:10:41 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1014 | ------------------------------------------------ |
Victor Stinner | 19bd069 | 2011-11-16 00:18:57 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1015 | |
| 1016 | * The :mod:`packaging` module replaces the :mod:`distutils` module |
| 1017 | * The ``unicode_internal`` codec has been deprecated because of the |
Sandro Tosi | cd89912 | 2012-01-22 12:16:04 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1018 | :pep:`393`, use UTF-8, UTF-16 (``utf-16-le`` or ``utf-16-be``), or UTF-32 |
| 1019 | (``utf-32-le`` or ``utf-32-be``) |
Victor Stinner | 19bd069 | 2011-11-16 00:18:57 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1020 | * :meth:`ftplib.FTP.nlst` and :meth:`ftplib.FTP.dir`: use |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1021 | :meth:`ftplib.FTP.mlsd` |
Victor Stinner | 19bd069 | 2011-11-16 00:18:57 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1022 | * :func:`platform.popen`: use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check especially |
| 1023 | the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section. |
| 1024 | * :issue:`13374`: The Windows bytes API has been deprecated in the :mod:`os` |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1025 | module. Use Unicode filenames, instead of bytes filenames, to not depend on |
Victor Stinner | 19bd069 | 2011-11-16 00:18:57 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1026 | the ANSI code page anymore and to support any filename. |
Florent Xicluna | a72a98f | 2012-02-13 11:03:30 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1027 | * :issue:`13988`: The :mod:`xml.etree.cElementTree` module is deprecated. The |
| 1028 | accelerator is used automatically whenever available. |
Victor Stinner | 19bd069 | 2011-11-16 00:18:57 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1029 | |
| 1030 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1031 | Deprecated functions and types of the C API |
Victor Stinner | d1be878 | 2011-12-09 00:10:41 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1032 | ------------------------------------------- |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1033 | |
| 1034 | The :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` has been deprecated by the :pep:`393` and will be |
| 1035 | removed in Python 4. All functions using this type are deprecated: |
| 1036 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1037 | Unicode functions and methods using :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` and |
| 1038 | :c:type:`Py_UNICODE*` types: |
| 1039 | |
| 1040 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_FromUnicode`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromWideChar` or |
| 1041 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromKindAndData` |
| 1042 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_AS_UNICODE`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUnicode`, |
| 1043 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUnicodeAndSize`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` |
| 1044 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_AS_DATA`: use :c:macro:`PyUnicode_DATA` with |
| 1045 | :c:macro:`PyUnicode_READ` and :c:macro:`PyUnicode_WRITE` |
| 1046 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_SIZE`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetSize`: use |
| 1047 | :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH` or :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength` |
| 1048 | * :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_DATA_SIZE`: use |
| 1049 | ``PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(str) * PyUnicode_KIND(str)`` (only work on ready |
| 1050 | strings) |
Victor Stinner | bf6e560 | 2011-12-12 01:53:47 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1051 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUnicodeCopy`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy` or |
| 1052 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsWideCharString` |
Victor Stinner | ab59594 | 2011-12-17 04:59:06 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1053 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetMax` |
| 1054 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1055 | |
Victor Stinner | a996f1e | 2011-11-21 13:14:43 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1056 | Functions and macros manipulating Py_UNICODE* strings: |
| 1057 | |
| 1058 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strlen`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetLength` or |
| 1059 | :c:macro:`PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH` |
| 1060 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strcat`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or |
| 1061 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat` |
| 1062 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strcpy`, :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strncpy`, |
| 1063 | :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_COPY`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_CopyCharacters` or |
| 1064 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_Substring` |
| 1065 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strcmp`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Compare` |
| 1066 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strncmp`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Tailmatch` |
| 1067 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strchr`, :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_strrchr`: use |
| 1068 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_FindChar` |
Victor Stinner | 606e19d | 2012-01-04 03:59:16 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1069 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_FILL`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_Fill` |
Victor Stinner | ab59594 | 2011-12-17 04:59:06 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1070 | * :c:macro:`Py_UNICODE_MATCH` |
Victor Stinner | a996f1e | 2011-11-21 13:14:43 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1071 | |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1072 | Encoders: |
| 1073 | |
| 1074 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_Encode`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject` |
| 1075 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeUTF7` |
Victor Stinner | a996f1e | 2011-11-21 13:14:43 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1076 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeUTF8`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8` or |
| 1077 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUTF8String` |
Victor Stinner | 46606ce | 2011-11-20 18:27:55 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1078 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeUTF32` |
| 1079 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeUTF16` |
| 1080 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeUnicodeEscape:` use |
| 1081 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString` |
| 1082 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeRawUnicodeEscape:` use |
| 1083 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString` |
| 1084 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeLatin1`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsLatin1String` |
| 1085 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeASCII`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsASCIIString` |
| 1086 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeCharmap` |
| 1087 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_TranslateCharmap` |
| 1088 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeMBCS`: use :c:func:`PyUnicode_AsMBCSString` or |
| 1089 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage` (with ``CP_ACP`` code_page) |
| 1090 | * :c:func:`PyUnicode_EncodeDecimal`, |
| 1091 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_TransformDecimalToASCII` |
| 1092 | |
| 1093 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1094 | Porting to Python 3.3 |
| 1095 | ===================== |
| 1096 | |
| 1097 | This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes |
Antoine Pitrou | 037ffbf | 2011-10-24 00:25:41 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1098 | that may require changes to your code. |
| 1099 | |
| 1100 | Porting Python code |
| 1101 | ------------------- |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1102 | |
Georg Brandl | d6c4340 | 2012-03-07 08:55:52 +0100 | [diff] [blame^] | 1103 | .. XXX add a point about hash randomization and that it's always on in 3.3 |
| 1104 | |
Victor Stinner | 19bd069 | 2011-11-16 00:18:57 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1105 | * :issue:`12326`: On Linux, sys.platform doesn't contain the major version |
Victor Stinner | ff3d939 | 2011-08-20 23:39:26 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1106 | anymore. It is now always 'linux', instead of 'linux2' or 'linux3' depending |
| 1107 | on the Linux version used to build Python. Replace sys.platform == 'linux2' |
| 1108 | with sys.platform.startswith('linux'), or directly sys.platform == 'linux' if |
| 1109 | you don't need to support older Python versions. |
Éric Araujo | c09fca6 | 2011-03-23 02:06:24 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1110 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 037ffbf | 2011-10-24 00:25:41 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1111 | Porting C code |
| 1112 | -------------- |
| 1113 | |
Stefan Krah | 54c3203 | 2012-02-29 17:47:21 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1114 | * In the course of changes to the buffer API the undocumented |
| 1115 | :c:member:`~Py_buffer.smalltable` member of the |
| 1116 | :c:type:`Py_buffer` structure has been removed and the |
| 1117 | layout of the :c:type:`PyMemoryViewObject` has changed. |
| 1118 | |
| 1119 | All extensions relying on the relevant parts in ``memoryobject.h`` |
| 1120 | or ``object.h`` must be rebuilt. |
| 1121 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 037ffbf | 2011-10-24 00:25:41 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1122 | * Due to :ref:`PEP 393 <pep-393>`, the :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and all |
| 1123 | functions using this type are deprecated (but will stay available for |
| 1124 | at least five years). If you were using low-level Unicode APIs to |
| 1125 | construct and access unicode objects and you want to benefit of the |
| 1126 | memory footprint reduction provided by the PEP 393, you have to convert |
| 1127 | your code to the new :doc:`Unicode API <../c-api/unicode>`. |
| 1128 | |
| 1129 | However, if you only have been using high-level functions such as |
| 1130 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_Concat()`, :c:func:`PyUnicode_Join` or |
| 1131 | :c:func:`PyUnicode_FromFormat()`, your code will automatically take |
| 1132 | advantage of the new unicode representations. |
| 1133 | |
Antoine Pitrou | c229e6e | 2012-02-20 19:41:11 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1134 | Building C extensions |
| 1135 | --------------------- |
| 1136 | |
| 1137 | * The range of possible file names for C extensions has been narrowed. |
| 1138 | Very rarely used spellings have been suppressed: under POSIX, files |
| 1139 | named ``xxxmodule.so``, ``xxxmodule.abi3.so`` and |
| 1140 | ``xxxmodule.cpython-*.so`` are no longer recognized as implementing |
| 1141 | the ``xxx`` module. If you had been generating such files, you have |
| 1142 | to switch to the other spellings (i.e., remove the ``module`` string |
| 1143 | from the file names). |
| 1144 | |
| 1145 | (implemented in :issue:`14040`.) |
| 1146 | |
| 1147 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 037ffbf | 2011-10-24 00:25:41 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 1148 | Other issues |
| 1149 | ------------ |
| 1150 | |
Éric Araujo | c09fca6 | 2011-03-23 02:06:24 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1151 | .. Issue #11591: When :program:`python` was started with :option:`-S`, |
| 1152 | ``import site`` will not add site-specific paths to the module search |
| 1153 | paths. In previous versions, it did. See changeset for doc changes in |
| 1154 | various files. Contributed by Carl Meyer with editions by Éric Araujo. |
Éric Araujo | be3bd57 | 2011-03-26 01:55:15 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1155 | |
Éric Araujo | bfc9729 | 2011-11-14 18:18:15 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1156 | .. Issue #10998: the -Q command-line flag and related artifacts have been |
Éric Araujo | be3bd57 | 2011-03-26 01:55:15 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 1157 | removed. Code checking sys.flags.division_warning will need updating. |
| 1158 | Contributed by Éric Araujo. |