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Fred Drake295da241998-08-10 19:42:37 +00001\section{\module{operator} ---
2 Standard operators as functions.}
Fred Drakeb91e9341998-07-23 17:59:49 +00003\declaremodule{builtin}{operator}
Fred Drake295da241998-08-10 19:42:37 +00004\sectionauthor{Skip Montanaro}{skip@automatrix.com}
Fred Drakeb91e9341998-07-23 17:59:49 +00005
6\modulesynopsis{All Python's standard operators as built-in functions.}
7
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +00008
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +00009The \module{operator} module exports a set of functions implemented in C
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000010corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. For example,
Fred Drakef3e6df11997-12-29 17:11:55 +000011\code{operator.add(x, y)} is equivalent to the expression \code{x+y}. The
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000012function names are those used for special class methods; variants without
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000013leading and trailing \samp{__} are also provided for convenience.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000014
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000015The \module{operator} module defines the following functions:
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000016
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000017\begin{funcdesc}{add}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000018\funcline{__add__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000019Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000020\end{funcdesc}
21
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000022\begin{funcdesc}{sub}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000023\funcline{__sub__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000024Return \var{a} \code{-} \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000025\end{funcdesc}
26
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000027\begin{funcdesc}{mul}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000028\funcline{__mul__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000029Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b}, for \var{a} and \var{b} numbers.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000030\end{funcdesc}
31
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000032\begin{funcdesc}{div}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000033\funcline{__div__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000034Return \var{a} \code{/} \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000035\end{funcdesc}
36
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000037\begin{funcdesc}{mod}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000038\funcline{__mod__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000039Return \var{a} \code{\%} \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000040\end{funcdesc}
41
42\begin{funcdesc}{neg}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000043\funcline{__neg__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000044Return \var{o} negated.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000045\end{funcdesc}
46
47\begin{funcdesc}{pos}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000048\funcline{__pos__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000049Return \var{o} positive.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000050\end{funcdesc}
51
52\begin{funcdesc}{abs}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000053\funcline{__abs__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000054Return the absolute value of \var{o}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000055\end{funcdesc}
56
57\begin{funcdesc}{inv}{o}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000058\funcline{__inv__}{o}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000059Return the inverse of \var{o}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000060\end{funcdesc}
61
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000062\begin{funcdesc}{lshift}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000063\funcline{__lshift__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000064Return \var{a} shifted left by \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000065\end{funcdesc}
66
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000067\begin{funcdesc}{rshift}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000068\funcline{__rshift__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000069Return \var{a} shifted right by \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000070\end{funcdesc}
71
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000072\begin{funcdesc}{and_}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000073\funcline{__and__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000074Return the bitwise and of \var{a} and \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000075\end{funcdesc}
76
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000077\begin{funcdesc}{or_}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000078\funcline{__or__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +000079Return the bitwise or of \var{a} and \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +000080\end{funcdesc}
81
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +000082\begin{funcdesc}{xor}{a, b}
83\funcline{__xor__}{a, b}
84Return the bitwise exclusive or of \var{a} and \var{b}.
85\end{funcdesc}
86
87\begin{funcdesc}{not_}{o}
88\funcline{__not__}{o}
Fred Drakee55702b1999-06-15 20:56:40 +000089Return the outcome of \keyword{not} \var{o}. (Note that there is no
90\method{__not__()} discipline for object instances; only the
91interpreter core defines this operation.)
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +000092\end{funcdesc}
93
94\begin{funcdesc}{truth}{o}
Fred Drake295da241998-08-10 19:42:37 +000095Return \code{1} if \var{o} is true, and 0 otherwise.
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +000096\end{funcdesc}
97
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +000098\begin{funcdesc}{concat}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +000099\funcline{__concat__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000100Return \var{a} \code{+} \var{b} for \var{a} and \var{b} sequences.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000101\end{funcdesc}
102
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000103\begin{funcdesc}{repeat}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000104\funcline{__repeat__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000105Return \var{a} \code{*} \var{b} where \var{a} is a sequence and
106\var{b} is an integer.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000107\end{funcdesc}
108
Guido van Rossuma58e9ed1998-05-22 18:48:37 +0000109\begin{funcdesc}{contains}{a, b}
110\funcline{sequenceIncludes}{a, b}
111Return the outcome of the test \var{b} \code{in} \var{a}.
112Note the reversed operands.
113\end{funcdesc}
114
115\begin{funcdesc}{countOf}{a, b}
116Return the number of occurrences of \var{b} in \var{a}.
117\end{funcdesc}
118
119\begin{funcdesc}{indexOf}{a, b}
120Return the index of the first of occurrence of \var{b} in \var{a}.
121\end{funcdesc}
122
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000123\begin{funcdesc}{getitem}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000124\funcline{__getitem__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000125Return the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000126\end{funcdesc}
127
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000128\begin{funcdesc}{setitem}{a, b, c}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000129\funcline{__setitem__}{a, b, c}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000130Set the value of \var{a} at index \var{b} to \var{c}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000131\end{funcdesc}
132
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000133\begin{funcdesc}{delitem}{a, b}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000134\funcline{__delitem__}{a, b}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000135Remove the value of \var{a} at index \var{b}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000136\end{funcdesc}
137
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000138\begin{funcdesc}{getslice}{a, b, c}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000139\funcline{__getslice__}{a, b, c}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000140Return the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000141\end{funcdesc}
142
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000143\begin{funcdesc}{setslice}{a, b, c, v}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000144\funcline{__setslice__}{a, b, c, v}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000145Set the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1} to the
146sequence \var{v}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000147\end{funcdesc}
148
Fred Drake98b032a1997-12-04 14:20:59 +0000149\begin{funcdesc}{delslice}{a, b, c}
Fred Drakec07ae9f1998-03-08 05:56:15 +0000150\funcline{__delslice__}{a, b, c}
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000151Delete the slice of \var{a} from index \var{b} to index \var{c}\code{-1}.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000152\end{funcdesc}
153
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000154
Fred Drake0514ce11997-12-16 14:29:48 +0000155Example: Build a dictionary that maps the ordinals from \code{0} to
156\code{256} to their character equivalents.
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000157
Fred Drake19479911998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000158\begin{verbatim}
Guido van Rossum61ed4db1996-12-06 21:22:41 +0000159>>> import operator
160>>> d = {}
161>>> keys = range(256)
162>>> vals = map(chr, keys)
163>>> map(operator.setitem, [d]*len(keys), keys, vals)
Fred Drake19479911998-02-13 06:58:54 +0000164\end{verbatim}