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Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +00001A. HISTORY OF THE SOFTWARE
2==========================
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +00003
4Python was created in the early 1990s by Guido van Rossum at Stichting
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +00005Mathematisch Centrum (CWI, see http://www.cwi.nl) in the Netherlands
6as a successor of a language called ABC. Guido remains Python's
7principal author, although it includes many contributions from others.
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +00008
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +00009In 1995, Guido continued his work on Python at the Corporation for
10National Research Initiatives (CNRI, see http://www.cnri.reston.va.us)
11in Reston, Virginia where he released several versions of the
12software.
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +000013
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +000014In May 2000, Guido and the Python core development team moved to
15BeOpen.com to form the BeOpen PythonLabs team. In October of the same
Guido van Rossum2e1c09c2002-04-04 17:52:50 +000016year, the PythonLabs team moved to Digital Creations (now Zope
17Corporation, see http://www.zope.com). In 2001, the Python Software
18Foundation (PSF, see http://www.python.org/psf/) was formed, a
19non-profit organization created specifically to own Python-related
20Intellectual Property. Zope Corporation is a sponsoring member of
21the PSF.
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +000022
23All Python releases are Open Source (see http://www.opensource.org for
24the Open Source Definition). Historically, most, but not all, Python
25releases have also been GPL-compatible; the table below summarizes
26the various releases.
27
28 Release Derived Year Owner GPL-
Tim Peters7cb13a92004-10-23 03:48:57 +000029 from compatible? (1)
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +000030
31 0.9.0 thru 1.2 1991-1995 CWI yes
32 1.3 thru 1.5.2 1.2 1995-1999 CNRI yes
33 1.6 1.5.2 2000 CNRI no
34 2.0 1.6 2000 BeOpen.com no
Guido van Rossum7df772b2002-04-11 20:54:35 +000035 1.6.1 1.6 2001 CNRI yes (2)
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +000036 2.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF no
37 2.0.1 2.0+1.6.1 2001 PSF yes
38 2.1.1 2.1+2.0.1 2001 PSF yes
39 2.2 2.1.1 2001 PSF yes
Tim Petersb0f3cea2002-04-08 21:36:47 +000040 2.1.2 2.1.1 2002 PSF yes
41 2.1.3 2.1.2 2002 PSF yes
42 2.2.1 2.2 2002 PSF yes
Tim Peters638a1e22002-10-06 04:04:46 +000043 2.2.2 2.2.1 2002 PSF yes
Barry Warsaw7d7f88c2003-05-22 15:17:40 +000044 2.2.3 2.2.2 2003 PSF yes
Guido van Rossumf1226882002-12-31 01:50:07 +000045 2.3 2.2.2 2002-2003 PSF yes
Anthony Baxter9d42a102003-09-23 02:42:29 +000046 2.3.1 2.3 2002-2003 PSF yes
Anthony Baxterc2b00812003-09-30 07:07:08 +000047 2.3.2 2.3.1 2002-2003 PSF yes
Tim Peters926bc222004-05-11 18:13:10 +000048 2.3.3 2.3.2 2002-2003 PSF yes
49 2.3.4 2.3.3 2004 PSF yes
Anthony Baxter94d62012005-03-10 13:47:17 +000050 2.3.5 2.3.4 2005 PSF yes
Anthony Baxterbd377a32004-07-08 05:57:59 +000051 2.4 2.3 2004 PSF yes
Anthony Baxter94d62012005-03-10 13:47:17 +000052 2.4.1 2.4 2005 PSF yes
Georg Brandlcfc34712005-10-21 07:53:44 +000053 2.4.2 2.4.1 2005 PSF yes
Thomas Wouters49fd7fa2006-04-21 10:40:58 +000054 2.4.3 2.4.2 2006 PSF yes
Guido van Rossumd8faa362007-04-27 19:54:29 +000055 2.4.4 2.4.3 2006 PSF yes
Thomas Wouters49fd7fa2006-04-21 10:40:58 +000056 2.5 2.4 2006 PSF yes
Guido van Rossumd8faa362007-04-27 19:54:29 +000057 2.5.1 2.5 2007 PSF yes
Benjamin Peterson6ebe78f2008-12-21 00:06:59 +000058 2.5.2 2.5.1 2008 PSF yes
59 2.5.3 2.5.2 2008 PSF yes
Barry Warsaw659fc422008-03-01 17:45:23 +000060 2.6 2.5 2008 PSF yes
Benjamin Peterson6ebe78f2008-12-21 00:06:59 +000061 2.6.1 2.6 2008 PSF yes
Benjamin Peterson3d9ff882009-12-13 14:29:42 +000062 2.6.2 2.6.1 2009 PSF yes
63 2.6.3 2.6.2 2009 PSF yes
64 2.6.4 2.6.3 2009 PSF yes
Barry Warsaw97f005d2008-12-03 16:46:14 +000065 3.0 2.6 2008 PSF yes
Benjamin Peterson3d9ff882009-12-13 14:29:42 +000066 3.0.1 3.0 2009 PSF yes
67 3.1 3.0.1 2009 PSF yes
68 3.1.1 3.1 2009 PSF yes
Benjamin Peterson9eb6b002010-04-16 23:26:56 +000069 3.1.2 3.1 2010 PSF yes
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +000070
71Footnotes:
72
73(1) GPL-compatible doesn't mean that we're distributing Python under
74 the GPL. All Python licenses, unlike the GPL, let you distribute
75 a modified version without making your changes open source. The
76 GPL-compatible licenses make it possible to combine Python with
77 other software that is released under the GPL; the others don't.
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +000078
Guido van Rossum7df772b2002-04-11 20:54:35 +000079(2) According to Richard Stallman, 1.6.1 is not GPL-compatible,
80 because its license has a choice of law clause. According to
81 CNRI, however, Stallman's lawyer has told CNRI's lawyer that 1.6.1
82 is "not incompatible" with the GPL.
83
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +000084Thanks to the many outside volunteers who have worked under Guido's
85direction to make these releases possible.
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +000086
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +000087
Guido van Rossumaa815df2001-04-10 03:37:31 +000088B. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR ACCESSING OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON
89===============================================================
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +000090
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +000091PYTHON SOFTWARE FOUNDATION LICENSE VERSION 2
92--------------------------------------------
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +000093
941. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
95("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
Tim Peterscb919002004-10-26 14:38:48 +000096otherwise using this software ("Python") in source or binary form and
97its associated documentation.
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +000098
Georg Brandlb1441c72009-01-03 22:33:39 +0000992. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby
100grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce,
101analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works,
102distribute, and otherwise use Python alone or in any derivative version,
103provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright,
Ezio Melotti370fe532010-01-01 04:55:33 +0000104i.e., "Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
105Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved" are retained in Python alone or
106in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000107
1083. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +0000109or incorporates Python or any part thereof, and wants to make
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000110the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
111Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +0000112the changes made to Python.
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000113
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +00001144. PSF is making Python available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000115basis. PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
116IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
117DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +0000118FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON WILL NOT
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000119INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
120
1215. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +0000122FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
123A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON,
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000124OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
125
1266. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
127breach of its terms and conditions.
128
Guido van Rossum648b4de2001-05-04 18:49:06 +00001297. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
130relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and
131Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF
132trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
133products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
Guido van Rossum9ea60c52001-04-13 15:04:00 +0000134
Tim Petersacaffe62004-10-23 03:43:54 +00001358. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python, Licensee
Guido van Rossum859d9b52001-04-13 19:41:28 +0000136agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
137Agreement.
138
Guido van Rossum575d7f32001-04-13 15:04:31 +0000139
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +0000140BEOPEN.COM LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.0
141-------------------------------------------
Guido van Rossum028d0692000-09-03 03:13:44 +0000142
Guido van Rossum2e0d3312000-09-04 00:58:48 +0000143BEOPEN PYTHON OPEN SOURCE LICENSE AGREEMENT VERSION 1
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000144
Guido van Rossum028d0692000-09-03 03:13:44 +00001451. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between BeOpen.com ("BeOpen"), having an
146office at 160 Saratoga Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95051, and the
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000147Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using
148this software in source or binary form and its associated
149documentation ("the Software").
150
Guido van Rossum028d0692000-09-03 03:13:44 +00001512. Subject to the terms and conditions of this BeOpen Python License
152Agreement, BeOpen hereby grants Licensee a non-exclusive,
153royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform
154and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, distribute, and
155otherwise use the Software alone or in any derivative version,
156provided, however, that the BeOpen Python License is retained in the
157Software, alone or in any derivative version prepared by Licensee.
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000158
Guido van Rossum82271162000-09-05 03:05:07 +00001593. BeOpen is making the Software available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000160basis. BEOPEN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
161IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, BEOPEN MAKES NO AND
162DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
163FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE WILL NOT
164INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
165
Guido van Rossum82271162000-09-05 03:05:07 +00001664. BEOPEN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF THE
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000167SOFTWARE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS
168AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR DISTRIBUTING THE SOFTWARE, OR ANY
169DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
170
Guido van Rossum82271162000-09-05 03:05:07 +00001715. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000172breach of its terms and conditions.
173
Guido van Rossum82271162000-09-05 03:05:07 +00001746. This License Agreement shall be governed by and interpreted in all
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000175respects by the law of the State of California, excluding conflict of
176law provisions. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to
177create any relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture
178between BeOpen and Licensee. This License Agreement does not grant
Guido van Rossumac1c8182000-09-03 13:21:38 +0000179permission to use BeOpen trademarks or trade names in a trademark
180sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any
181third party. As an exception, the "BeOpen Python" logos available at
Guido van Rossum028d0692000-09-03 03:13:44 +0000182http://www.pythonlabs.com/logos.html may be used according to the
183permissions granted on that web page.
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000184
Guido van Rossum82271162000-09-05 03:05:07 +00001857. By copying, installing or otherwise using the software, Licensee
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000186agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
187Agreement.
188
189
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +0000190CNRI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 1.6.1
191---------------------------------------
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000192
1931. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Corporation for National
194Research Initiatives, having an office at 1895 Preston White Drive,
195Reston, VA 20191 ("CNRI"), and the Individual or Organization
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +0000196("Licensee") accessing and otherwise using Python 1.6.1 software in
197source or binary form and its associated documentation.
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000198
1992. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, CNRI
200hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
201license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +0000202prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 1.6.1
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000203alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that CNRI's
204License Agreement and CNRI's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +00002051995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives; All Rights
206Reserved" are retained in Python 1.6.1 alone or in any derivative
207version prepared by Licensee. Alternately, in lieu of CNRI's License
208Agreement, Licensee may substitute the following text (omitting the
209quotes): "Python 1.6.1 is made available subject to the terms and
210conditions in CNRI's License Agreement. This Agreement together with
211Python 1.6.1 may be located on the Internet using the following
212unique, persistent identifier (known as a handle): 1895.22/1013. This
213Agreement may also be obtained from a proxy server on the Internet
214using the following URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1895.22/1013".
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000215
2163. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +0000217or incorporates Python 1.6.1 or any part thereof, and wants to make
218the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
219Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
220the changes made to Python 1.6.1.
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000221
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +00002224. CNRI is making Python 1.6.1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
223basis. CNRI MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
224IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, CNRI MAKES NO AND
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000225DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +0000226FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 1.6.1 WILL NOT
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000227INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
228
2295. CNRI SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +00002301.6.1 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
231A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 1.6.1,
232OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000233
2346. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
235breach of its terms and conditions.
236
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +00002377. This License Agreement shall be governed by the federal
238intellectual property law of the United States, including without
239limitation the federal copyright law, and, to the extent such
240U.S. federal law does not apply, by the law of the Commonwealth of
241Virginia, excluding Virginia's conflict of law provisions.
242Notwithstanding the foregoing, with regard to derivative works based
243on Python 1.6.1 that incorporate non-separable material that was
244previously distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the
245law of the Commonwealth of Virginia shall govern this License
246Agreement only as to issues arising under or with respect to
247Paragraphs 4, 5, and 7 of this License Agreement. Nothing in this
248License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship of
249agency, partnership, or joint venture between CNRI and Licensee. This
250License Agreement does not grant permission to use CNRI trademarks or
251trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote products or
252services of Licensee, or any third party.
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000253
2548. By clicking on the "ACCEPT" button where indicated, or by copying,
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +0000255installing or otherwise using Python 1.6.1, Licensee agrees to be
256bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
Guido van Rossumea761c02000-10-10 14:49:44 +0000257
Guido van Rossum3225c1f2001-03-22 15:41:06 +0000258 ACCEPT
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000259
260
Guido van Rossum7b4dd762001-07-17 20:14:06 +0000261CWI LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 0.9.0 THROUGH 1.2
262--------------------------------------------------
Guido van Rossumea70b492000-09-01 19:51:14 +0000263
264Copyright (c) 1991 - 1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum Amsterdam,
265The Netherlands. All rights reserved.
266
267Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
268documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
269provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
270both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
271supporting documentation, and that the name of Stichting Mathematisch
272Centrum or CWI not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
273distribution of the software without specific, written prior
274permission.
275
276STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
277THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
278FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL STICHTING MATHEMATISCH CENTRUM BE LIABLE
279FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
280WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
281ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
282OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.