Lib/test/test_csv.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (C) 2001,2002 Python Software Foundation
# csv package unit tests

import io
import sys
import os
import unittest
from io import StringIO, BytesIO
from tempfile import TemporaryFile
import csv
import gc
from test import support

class Test_Csv(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test the underlying C csv parser in ways that are not appropriate
    from the high level interface. Further tests of this nature are done
    in TestDialectRegistry.
    """
    def _test_arg_valid(self, ctor, arg):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, bad_attr = 0)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, delimiter = 0)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, delimiter = 'XX')
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, ctor, arg, 'foo')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, delimiter=None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, delimiter=1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, quotechar=1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, lineterminator=None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, lineterminator=1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg, quoting=None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg,
                          quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, quotechar='')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctor, arg,
                          quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, quotechar=None)

    def test_reader_arg_valid(self):
        self._test_arg_valid(csv.reader, [])

    def test_writer_arg_valid(self):
        self._test_arg_valid(csv.writer, StringIO())

    def _test_default_attrs(self, ctor, *args):
        obj = ctor(*args)
        # Check defaults
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.delimiter, ',')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.doublequote, True)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.escapechar, None)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.lineterminator, "\r\n")
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.quotechar, '"')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.quoting, csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.skipinitialspace, False)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.strict, False)
        # Try deleting or changing attributes (they are read-only)
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, obj.dialect, 'delimiter')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, obj.dialect, 'delimiter', ':')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, obj.dialect, 'quoting')
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, obj.dialect,
                          'quoting', None)

    def test_reader_attrs(self):
        self._test_default_attrs(csv.reader, [])

    def test_writer_attrs(self):
        self._test_default_attrs(csv.writer, StringIO())

    def _test_kw_attrs(self, ctor, *args):
        # Now try with alternate options
        kwargs = dict(delimiter=':', doublequote=False, escapechar='\\',
                      lineterminator='\r', quotechar='*',
                      quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE, skipinitialspace=True,
                      strict=True)
        obj = ctor(*args, **kwargs)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.delimiter, ':')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.doublequote, False)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.escapechar, '\\')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.lineterminator, "\r")
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.quotechar, '*')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.quoting, csv.QUOTE_NONE)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.skipinitialspace, True)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.strict, True)

    def test_reader_kw_attrs(self):
        self._test_kw_attrs(csv.reader, [])

    def test_writer_kw_attrs(self):
        self._test_kw_attrs(csv.writer, StringIO())

    def _test_dialect_attrs(self, ctor, *args):
        # Now try with dialect-derived options
        class dialect:
            delimiter='-'
            doublequote=False
            escapechar='^'
            lineterminator='$'
            quotechar='#'
            quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL
            skipinitialspace=True
            strict=False
        args = args + (dialect,)
        obj = ctor(*args)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.delimiter, '-')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.doublequote, False)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.escapechar, '^')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.lineterminator, "$")
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.quotechar, '#')
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.quoting, csv.QUOTE_ALL)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.skipinitialspace, True)
        self.assertEqual(obj.dialect.strict, False)

    def test_reader_dialect_attrs(self):
        self._test_dialect_attrs(csv.reader, [])

    def test_writer_dialect_attrs(self):
        self._test_dialect_attrs(csv.writer, StringIO())


    def _write_test(self, fields, expect, **kwargs):
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, **kwargs)
            writer.writerow(fields)
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(),
                             expect + writer.dialect.lineterminator)

    def test_write_arg_valid(self):
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._write_test, None, '')
        self._write_test((), '')
        self._write_test([None], '""')
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._write_test,
                          [None], None, quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE)
        # Check that exceptions are passed up the chain
        class BadList:
            def __len__(self):
                return 10;
            def __getitem__(self, i):
                if i > 2:
                    raise IOError
        self.assertRaises(IOError, self._write_test, BadList(), '')
        class BadItem:
            def __str__(self):
                raise IOError
        self.assertRaises(IOError, self._write_test, [BadItem()], '')

    def test_write_bigfield(self):
        # This exercises the buffer realloc functionality
        bigstring = 'X' * 50000
        self._write_test([bigstring,bigstring], '%s,%s' % \
                         (bigstring, bigstring))

    def test_write_quoting(self):
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,q'], 'a,1,"p,q"')
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error,
                          self._write_test,
                          ['a',1,'p,q'], 'a,1,p,q',
                          quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE)
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,q'], 'a,1,"p,q"',
                         quoting = csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,q'], '"a",1,"p,q"',
                         quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC)
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,q'], '"a","1","p,q"',
                         quoting = csv.QUOTE_ALL)

    def test_write_escape(self):
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,q'], 'a,1,"p,q"',
                         escapechar='\\')
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error,
                          self._write_test,
                          ['a',1,'p,"q"'], 'a,1,"p,\\"q\\""',
                          escapechar=None, doublequote=False)
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,"q"'], 'a,1,"p,\\"q\\""',
                         escapechar='\\', doublequote = False)
        self._write_test(['"'], '""""',
                         escapechar='\\', quoting = csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
        self._write_test(['"'], '\\"',
                         escapechar='\\', quoting = csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL,
                         doublequote = False)
        self._write_test(['"'], '\\"',
                         escapechar='\\', quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE)
        self._write_test(['a',1,'p,q'], 'a,1,p\\,q',
                         escapechar='\\', quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE)

    def test_writerows(self):
        class BrokenFile:
            def write(self, buf):
                raise IOError
        writer = csv.writer(BrokenFile())
        self.assertRaises(IOError, writer.writerows, [['a']])

        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj)
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, writer.writerows, None)
            writer.writerows([['a','b'],['c','d']])
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), "a,b\r\nc,d\r\n")

    def _read_test(self, input, expect, **kwargs):
        reader = csv.reader(input, **kwargs)
        result = list(reader)
        self.assertEqual(result, expect)

    def test_read_oddinputs(self):
        self._read_test([], [])
        self._read_test([''], [[]])
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test,
                          ['"ab"c'], None, strict = 1)
        # cannot handle null bytes for the moment
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test,
                          ['ab\0c'], None, strict = 1)
        self._read_test(['"ab"c'], [['abc']], doublequote = 0)

        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test,
                          [b'ab\0c'], None)


    def test_read_eol(self):
        self._read_test(['a,b'], [['a','b']])
        self._read_test(['a,b\n'], [['a','b']])
        self._read_test(['a,b\r\n'], [['a','b']])
        self._read_test(['a,b\r'], [['a','b']])
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test, ['a,b\rc,d'], [])
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test, ['a,b\nc,d'], [])
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test, ['a,b\r\nc,d'], [])

    def test_read_escape(self):
        self._read_test(['a,\\b,c'], [['a', 'b', 'c']], escapechar='\\')
        self._read_test(['a,b\\,c'], [['a', 'b,c']], escapechar='\\')
        self._read_test(['a,"b\\,c"'], [['a', 'b,c']], escapechar='\\')
        self._read_test(['a,"b,\\c"'], [['a', 'b,c']], escapechar='\\')
        self._read_test(['a,"b,c\\""'], [['a', 'b,c"']], escapechar='\\')
        self._read_test(['a,"b,c"\\'], [['a', 'b,c\\']], escapechar='\\')

    def test_read_quoting(self):
        self._read_test(['1,",3,",5'], [['1', ',3,', '5']])
        self._read_test(['1,",3,",5'], [['1', '"', '3', '"', '5']],
                        quotechar=None, escapechar='\\')
        self._read_test(['1,",3,",5'], [['1', '"', '3', '"', '5']],
                        quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONE, escapechar='\\')
        # will this fail where locale uses comma for decimals?
        self._read_test([',3,"5",7.3, 9'], [['', 3, '5', 7.3, 9]],
                        quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self._read_test,
                          ['abc,3'], [[]],
                          quoting=csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC)

    def test_read_bigfield(self):
        # This exercises the buffer realloc functionality and field size
        # limits.
        limit = csv.field_size_limit()
        try:
            size = 50000
            bigstring = 'X' * size
            bigline = '%s,%s' % (bigstring, bigstring)
            self._read_test([bigline], [[bigstring, bigstring]])
            csv.field_size_limit(size)
            self._read_test([bigline], [[bigstring, bigstring]])
            self.assertEqual(csv.field_size_limit(), size)
            csv.field_size_limit(size-1)
            self.assertRaises(csv.Error, self._read_test, [bigline], [])
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.field_size_limit, None)
            self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.field_size_limit, 1, None)
        finally:
            csv.field_size_limit(limit)

    def test_read_linenum(self):
        r = csv.reader(['line,1', 'line,2', 'line,3'])
        self.assertEqual(r.line_num, 0)
        next(r)
        self.assertEqual(r.line_num, 1)
        next(r)
        self.assertEqual(r.line_num, 2)
        next(r)
        self.assertEqual(r.line_num, 3)
        self.assertRaises(StopIteration, next, r)
        self.assertEqual(r.line_num, 3)

class TestDialectRegistry(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_registry_badargs(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.list_dialects, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.get_dialect)
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, csv.get_dialect, None)
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, csv.get_dialect, "nonesuch")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.unregister_dialect)
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, csv.unregister_dialect, None)
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, csv.unregister_dialect, "nonesuch")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.register_dialect, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.register_dialect, None, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.register_dialect, "nonesuch", 0, 0)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.register_dialect, "nonesuch",
                          badargument=None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.register_dialect, "nonesuch",
                          quoting=None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.register_dialect, [])

    def test_registry(self):
        class myexceltsv(csv.excel):
            delimiter = "\t"
        name = "myexceltsv"
        expected_dialects = csv.list_dialects() + [name]
        expected_dialects.sort()
        csv.register_dialect(name, myexceltsv)
        try:
            self.failUnless(csv.get_dialect(name).delimiter, '\t')
            got_dialects = csv.list_dialects()
            got_dialects.sort()
            self.assertEqual(expected_dialects, got_dialects)
        finally:
            csv.unregister_dialect(name)

    def test_register_kwargs(self):
        name = 'fedcba'
        csv.register_dialect(name, delimiter=';')
        try:
            self.failUnless(csv.get_dialect(name).delimiter, '\t')
            self.failUnless(list(csv.reader('X;Y;Z', name)), ['X', 'Y', 'Z'])
        finally:
            csv.unregister_dialect(name)

    def test_incomplete_dialect(self):
        class myexceltsv(csv.Dialect):
            delimiter = "\t"
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, myexceltsv)

    def test_space_dialect(self):
        class space(csv.excel):
            delimiter = " "
            quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE
            escapechar = "\\"

        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("abc def\nc1ccccc1 benzene\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.reader(fileobj, dialect=space())
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), ["abc", "def"])
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), ["c1ccccc1", "benzene"])

    def compare_dialect_123(self, expected, *writeargs, **kwwriteargs):

        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='', encoding="utf-8") as fileobj:

            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, *writeargs, **kwwriteargs)
            writer.writerow([1,2,3])
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected)

    def test_dialect_apply(self):
        class testA(csv.excel):
            delimiter = "\t"
        class testB(csv.excel):
            delimiter = ":"
        class testC(csv.excel):
            delimiter = "|"
        class testUni(csv.excel):
            delimiter = "\u039B"

        csv.register_dialect('testC', testC)
        try:
            self.compare_dialect_123("1,2,3\r\n")
            self.compare_dialect_123("1\t2\t3\r\n", testA)
            self.compare_dialect_123("1:2:3\r\n", dialect=testB())
            self.compare_dialect_123("1|2|3\r\n", dialect='testC')
            self.compare_dialect_123("1;2;3\r\n", dialect=testA,
                                     delimiter=';')
            self.compare_dialect_123("1\u039B2\u039B3\r\n",
                                     dialect=testUni)

        finally:
            csv.unregister_dialect('testC')

    def test_bad_dialect(self):
        # Unknown parameter
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.reader, [], bad_attr = 0)
        # Bad values
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.reader, [], delimiter = None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.reader, [], quoting = -1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.reader, [], quoting = 100)

class TestCsvBase(unittest.TestCase):
    def readerAssertEqual(self, input, expected_result):
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            fileobj.write(input)
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.reader(fileobj, dialect = self.dialect)
            fields = list(reader)
            self.assertEqual(fields, expected_result)

    def writerAssertEqual(self, input, expected_result):
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, dialect = self.dialect)
            writer.writerows(input)
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected_result)

class TestDialectExcel(TestCsvBase):
    dialect = 'excel'

    def test_single(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('abc', [['abc']])

    def test_simple(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('1,2,3,4,5', [['1','2','3','4','5']])

    def test_blankline(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('', [])

    def test_empty_fields(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual(',', [['', '']])

    def test_singlequoted(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('""', [['']])

    def test_singlequoted_left_empty(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('"",', [['','']])

    def test_singlequoted_right_empty(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual(',""', [['','']])

    def test_single_quoted_quote(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('""""', [['"']])

    def test_quoted_quotes(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('""""""', [['""']])

    def test_inline_quote(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('a""b', [['a""b']])

    def test_inline_quotes(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('a"b"c', [['a"b"c']])

    def test_quotes_and_more(self):
        # Excel would never write a field containing '"a"b', but when
        # reading one, it will return 'ab'.
        self.readerAssertEqual('"a"b', [['ab']])

    def test_lone_quote(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('a"b', [['a"b']])

    def test_quote_and_quote(self):
        # Excel would never write a field containing '"a" "b"', but when
        # reading one, it will return 'a "b"'.
        self.readerAssertEqual('"a" "b"', [['a "b"']])

    def test_space_and_quote(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual(' "a"', [[' "a"']])

    def test_quoted(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('1,2,3,"I think, therefore I am",5,6',
                               [['1', '2', '3',
                                 'I think, therefore I am',
                                 '5', '6']])

    def test_quoted_quote(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('1,2,3,"""I see,"" said the blind man","as he picked up his hammer and saw"',
                               [['1', '2', '3',
                                 '"I see," said the blind man',
                                 'as he picked up his hammer and saw']])

    def test_quoted_nl(self):
        input = '''\
1,2,3,"""I see,""
said the blind man","as he picked up his
hammer and saw"
9,8,7,6'''
        self.readerAssertEqual(input,
                               [['1', '2', '3',
                                   '"I see,"\nsaid the blind man',
                                   'as he picked up his\nhammer and saw'],
                                ['9','8','7','6']])

    def test_dubious_quote(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('12,12,1",', [['12', '12', '1"', '']])

    def test_null(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([], '')

    def test_single(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([['abc']], 'abc\r\n')

    def test_simple(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([[1, 2, 'abc', 3, 4]], '1,2,abc,3,4\r\n')

    def test_quotes(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([[1, 2, 'a"bc"', 3, 4]], '1,2,"a""bc""",3,4\r\n')

    def test_quote_fieldsep(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([['abc,def']], '"abc,def"\r\n')

    def test_newlines(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([[1, 2, 'a\nbc', 3, 4]], '1,2,"a\nbc",3,4\r\n')

class EscapedExcel(csv.excel):
    quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE
    escapechar = '\\'

class TestEscapedExcel(TestCsvBase):
    dialect = EscapedExcel()

    def test_escape_fieldsep(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([['abc,def']], 'abc\\,def\r\n')

    def test_read_escape_fieldsep(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('abc\\,def\r\n', [['abc,def']])

class QuotedEscapedExcel(csv.excel):
    quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONNUMERIC
    escapechar = '\\'

class TestQuotedEscapedExcel(TestCsvBase):
    dialect = QuotedEscapedExcel()

    def test_write_escape_fieldsep(self):
        self.writerAssertEqual([['abc,def']], '"abc,def"\r\n')

    def test_read_escape_fieldsep(self):
        self.readerAssertEqual('"abc\\,def"\r\n', [['abc,def']])

class TestDictFields(unittest.TestCase):
    ### "long" means the row is longer than the number of fieldnames
    ### "short" means there are fewer elements in the row than fieldnames
    def test_write_simple_dict(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.DictWriter(fileobj, fieldnames = ["f1", "f2", "f3"])
            writer.writerow({"f1": 10, "f3": "abc"})
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), "10,,abc\r\n")

    def test_write_no_fields(self):
        fileobj = StringIO()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, csv.DictWriter, fileobj)

    def test_read_dict_fields(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("1,2,abc\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.DictReader(fileobj,
                                    fieldnames=["f1", "f2", "f3"])
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"f1": '1', "f2": '2', "f3": 'abc'})

    def test_read_dict_no_fieldnames(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("f1,f2,f3\r\n1,2,abc\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.DictReader(fileobj)
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"f1": '1', "f2": '2', "f3": 'abc'})

    def test_read_long(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("1,2,abc,4,5,6\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.DictReader(fileobj,
                                    fieldnames=["f1", "f2"])
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"f1": '1', "f2": '2',
                                             None: ["abc", "4", "5", "6"]})

    def test_read_long_with_rest(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("1,2,abc,4,5,6\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.DictReader(fileobj,
                                    fieldnames=["f1", "f2"], restkey="_rest")
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"f1": '1', "f2": '2',
                                             "_rest": ["abc", "4", "5", "6"]})

    def test_read_long_with_rest_no_fieldnames(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("f1,f2\r\n1,2,abc,4,5,6\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.DictReader(fileobj, restkey="_rest")
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"f1": '1', "f2": '2',
                                             "_rest": ["abc", "4", "5", "6"]})

    def test_read_short(self):
        with TemporaryFile("w+") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write("1,2,abc,4,5,6\r\n1,2,abc\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.DictReader(fileobj,
                                    fieldnames="1 2 3 4 5 6".split(),
                                    restval="DEFAULT")
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"1": '1', "2": '2', "3": 'abc',
                                             "4": '4', "5": '5', "6": '6'})
            self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"1": '1', "2": '2', "3": 'abc',
                                             "4": 'DEFAULT', "5": 'DEFAULT',
                                             "6": 'DEFAULT'})

    def test_read_multi(self):
        sample = [
            '2147483648,43.0e12,17,abc,def\r\n',
            '147483648,43.0e2,17,abc,def\r\n',
            '47483648,43.0,170,abc,def\r\n'
            ]

        reader = csv.DictReader(sample,
                                fieldnames="i1 float i2 s1 s2".split())
        self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"i1": '2147483648',
                                         "float": '43.0e12',
                                         "i2": '17',
                                         "s1": 'abc',
                                         "s2": 'def'})

    def test_read_with_blanks(self):
        reader = csv.DictReader(["1,2,abc,4,5,6\r\n","\r\n",
                                 "1,2,abc,4,5,6\r\n"],
                                fieldnames="1 2 3 4 5 6".split())
        self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"1": '1', "2": '2', "3": 'abc',
                                         "4": '4', "5": '5', "6": '6'})
        self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"1": '1', "2": '2', "3": 'abc',
                                         "4": '4', "5": '5', "6": '6'})

    def test_read_semi_sep(self):
        reader = csv.DictReader(["1;2;abc;4;5;6\r\n"],
                                fieldnames="1 2 3 4 5 6".split(),
                                delimiter=';')
        self.assertEqual(next(reader), {"1": '1', "2": '2', "3": 'abc',
                                         "4": '4', "5": '5', "6": '6'})

class TestArrayWrites(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_int_write(self):
        import array
        contents = [(20-i) for i in range(20)]
        a = array.array('i', contents)

        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, dialect="excel")
            writer.writerow(a)
            expected = ",".join([str(i) for i in a])+"\r\n"
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected)

    def test_double_write(self):
        import array
        contents = [(20-i)*0.1 for i in range(20)]
        a = array.array('d', contents)
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, dialect="excel")
            writer.writerow(a)
            expected = ",".join([str(i) for i in a])+"\r\n"
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected)

    def test_float_write(self):
        import array
        contents = [(20-i)*0.1 for i in range(20)]
        a = array.array('f', contents)
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, dialect="excel")
            writer.writerow(a)
            expected = ",".join([str(i) for i in a])+"\r\n"
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected)

    def test_char_write(self):
        import array, string
        a = array.array('u', string.ascii_letters)

        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='') as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj, dialect="excel")
            writer.writerow(a)
            expected = ",".join(a)+"\r\n"
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected)

class TestDialectValidity(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_quoting(self):
        class mydialect(csv.Dialect):
            delimiter = ";"
            escapechar = '\\'
            doublequote = False
            skipinitialspace = True
            lineterminator = '\r\n'
            quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE
        d = mydialect()

        mydialect.quoting = None
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)

        mydialect.doublequote = True
        mydialect.quoting = csv.QUOTE_ALL
        mydialect.quotechar = '"'
        d = mydialect()

        mydialect.quotechar = "''"
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)

        mydialect.quotechar = 4
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)

    def test_delimiter(self):
        class mydialect(csv.Dialect):
            delimiter = ";"
            escapechar = '\\'
            doublequote = False
            skipinitialspace = True
            lineterminator = '\r\n'
            quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE
        d = mydialect()

        mydialect.delimiter = ":::"
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)

        mydialect.delimiter = 4
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)

    def test_lineterminator(self):
        class mydialect(csv.Dialect):
            delimiter = ";"
            escapechar = '\\'
            doublequote = False
            skipinitialspace = True
            lineterminator = '\r\n'
            quoting = csv.QUOTE_NONE
        d = mydialect()

        mydialect.lineterminator = ":::"
        d = mydialect()

        mydialect.lineterminator = 4
        self.assertRaises(csv.Error, mydialect)


class TestSniffer(unittest.TestCase):
    sample1 = """\
Harry's, Arlington Heights, IL, 2/1/03, Kimi Hayes
Shark City, Glendale Heights, IL, 12/28/02, Prezence
Tommy's Place, Blue Island, IL, 12/28/02, Blue Sunday/White Crow
Stonecutters Seafood and Chop House, Lemont, IL, 12/19/02, Week Back
"""
    sample2 = """\
'Harry''s':'Arlington Heights':'IL':'2/1/03':'Kimi Hayes'
'Shark City':'Glendale Heights':'IL':'12/28/02':'Prezence'
'Tommy''s Place':'Blue Island':'IL':'12/28/02':'Blue Sunday/White Crow'
'Stonecutters Seafood and Chop House':'Lemont':'IL':'12/19/02':'Week Back'
"""
    header = '''\
"venue","city","state","date","performers"
'''
    sample3 = '''\
05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03
05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03
05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03?05/05/03
'''

    sample4 = '''\
2147483648;43.0e12;17;abc;def
147483648;43.0e2;17;abc;def
47483648;43.0;170;abc;def
'''

    sample5 = "aaa\tbbb\r\nAAA\t\r\nBBB\t\r\n"
    sample6 = "a|b|c\r\nd|e|f\r\n"
    sample7 = "'a'|'b'|'c'\r\n'd'|e|f\r\n"

    def test_has_header(self):
        sniffer = csv.Sniffer()
        self.assertEqual(sniffer.has_header(self.sample1), False)
        self.assertEqual(sniffer.has_header(self.header+self.sample1), True)

    def test_sniff(self):
        sniffer = csv.Sniffer()
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample1)
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, ",")
        self.assertEqual(dialect.quotechar, '"')
        self.assertEqual(dialect.skipinitialspace, True)

        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample2)
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, ":")
        self.assertEqual(dialect.quotechar, "'")
        self.assertEqual(dialect.skipinitialspace, False)

    def test_delimiters(self):
        sniffer = csv.Sniffer()
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample3)
        # given that all three lines in sample3 are equal,
        # I think that any character could have been 'guessed' as the
        # delimiter, depending on dictionary order
        self.assert_(dialect.delimiter in self.sample3)
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample3, delimiters="?,")
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, "?")
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample3, delimiters="/,")
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, "/")
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample4)
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, ";")
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample5)
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, "\t")
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample6)
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, "|")
        dialect = sniffer.sniff(self.sample7)
        self.assertEqual(dialect.delimiter, "|")
        self.assertEqual(dialect.quotechar, "'")

if not hasattr(sys, "gettotalrefcount"):
    if support.verbose: print("*** skipping leakage tests ***")
else:
    class NUL:
        def write(s, *args):
            pass
        writelines = write

    class TestLeaks(unittest.TestCase):
        def test_create_read(self):
            delta = 0
            lastrc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
            for i in range(20):
                gc.collect()
                self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])
                rc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
                csv.reader(["a,b,c\r\n"])
                csv.reader(["a,b,c\r\n"])
                csv.reader(["a,b,c\r\n"])
                delta = rc-lastrc
                lastrc = rc
            # if csv.reader() leaks, last delta should be 3 or more
            self.assertEqual(delta < 3, True)

        def test_create_write(self):
            delta = 0
            lastrc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
            s = NUL()
            for i in range(20):
                gc.collect()
                self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])
                rc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
                csv.writer(s)
                csv.writer(s)
                csv.writer(s)
                delta = rc-lastrc
                lastrc = rc
            # if csv.writer() leaks, last delta should be 3 or more
            self.assertEqual(delta < 3, True)

        def test_read(self):
            delta = 0
            rows = ["a,b,c\r\n"]*5
            lastrc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
            for i in range(20):
                gc.collect()
                self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])
                rc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
                rdr = csv.reader(rows)
                for row in rdr:
                    pass
                delta = rc-lastrc
                lastrc = rc
            # if reader leaks during read, delta should be 5 or more
            self.assertEqual(delta < 5, True)

        def test_write(self):
            delta = 0
            rows = [[1,2,3]]*5
            s = NUL()
            lastrc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
            for i in range(20):
                gc.collect()
                self.assertEqual(gc.garbage, [])
                rc = sys.gettotalrefcount()
                writer = csv.writer(s)
                for row in rows:
                    writer.writerow(row)
                delta = rc-lastrc
                lastrc = rc
            # if writer leaks during write, last delta should be 5 or more
            self.assertEqual(delta < 5, True)

class TestUnicode(unittest.TestCase):

    names = ["Martin von Löwis",
             "Marc André Lemburg",
             "Guido van Rossum",
             "François Pinard"]

    def test_unicode_read(self):
        import io
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='', encoding="utf-8") as fileobj:
            fileobj.write(",".join(self.names) + "\r\n")
            fileobj.seek(0)
            reader = csv.reader(fileobj)
            self.assertEqual(list(reader), [self.names])


    def test_unicode_write(self):
        import io
        with TemporaryFile("w+", newline='', encoding="utf-8") as fileobj:
            writer = csv.writer(fileobj)
            writer.writerow(self.names)
            expected = ",".join(self.names)+"\r\n"
            fileobj.seek(0)
            self.assertEqual(fileobj.read(), expected)



def test_main():
    mod = sys.modules[__name__]
    support.run_unittest(
        *[getattr(mod, name) for name in dir(mod) if name.startswith('Test')]
    )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    test_main()