diff --git a/src/cryptography/x509/oid.py b/src/cryptography/x509/oid.py
index ba77a8b..f5dc2f8 100644
--- a/src/cryptography/x509/oid.py
+++ b/src/cryptography/x509/oid.py
@@ -26,6 +26,11 @@
                     "Malformed OID: %s (non-integer nodes)" % (
                         self._dotted_string))
 
+        if len(nodes) < 2:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Malformed OID: %s (insufficient number of nodes)" % (
+                    self._dotted_string)
+
         if intnodes[0] > 2:
             raise ValueError(
                 "Malformed OID: %s (first node outside valid range)" % (
diff --git a/tests/test_x509.py b/tests/test_x509.py
index 164aff3..ccdff7c 100644
--- a/tests/test_x509.py
+++ b/tests/test_x509.py
@@ -3251,6 +3251,10 @@
         oid = x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.999.1")
         assert oid._name == 'Unknown OID'
 
+    def test_too_short(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1")
+
     def test_invalid_input(self):
         with pytest.raises(ValueError):
             x509.ObjectIdentifier("notavalidform")