tests/test_x509_ext.py

# This file is dual licensed under the terms of the Apache License, Version
# 2.0, and the BSD License. See the LICENSE file in the root of this repository
# for complete details.

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

import binascii
import datetime
import ipaddress
import os

import pytest

import six

from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.hazmat.backends.interfaces import (
    DSABackend, EllipticCurveBackend, RSABackend, X509Backend
)
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
from cryptography.x509 import DNSName, NameConstraints, SubjectAlternativeName
from cryptography.x509.oid import (
    AuthorityInformationAccessOID, ExtendedKeyUsageOID, ExtensionOID,
    NameOID, ObjectIdentifier
)

from .hazmat.primitives.fixtures_rsa import RSA_KEY_2048
from .hazmat.primitives.test_ec import _skip_curve_unsupported
from .test_x509 import _load_cert


def _make_certbuilder(private_key):
    name = x509.Name(
        [x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'example.org')])
    return (
        x509.CertificateBuilder()
            .subject_name(name)
            .issuer_name(name)
            .public_key(private_key.public_key())
            .serial_number(777)
            .not_valid_before(datetime.datetime(1999, 1, 1))
            .not_valid_after(datetime.datetime(2020, 1, 1))
    )


class TestExtension(object):
    def test_not_an_oid(self):
        bc = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.Extension("notanoid", True, bc)

    def test_critical_not_a_bool(self):
        bc = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.Extension(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS, "notabool", bc)

    def test_repr(self):
        bc = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
        ext = x509.Extension(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS, True, bc)
        assert repr(ext) == (
            "<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name=basicConst"
            "raints)>, critical=True, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=False, path"
            "_length=None)>)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        ext1 = x509.Extension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value'
        )
        ext2 = x509.Extension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value'
        )
        assert ext1 == ext2

    def test_ne(self):
        ext1 = x509.Extension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value'
        )
        ext2 = x509.Extension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.5'), False, 'value'
        )
        ext3 = x509.Extension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), True, 'value'
        )
        ext4 = x509.Extension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier('1.2.3.4'), False, 'value4'
        )
        assert ext1 != ext2
        assert ext1 != ext3
        assert ext1 != ext4
        assert ext1 != object()


class TestUnrecognizedExtension(object):
    def test_invalid_oid(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.UnrecognizedExtension("notanoid", b"somedata")

    def test_eq(self):
        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        ext2 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        assert ext1 == ext2

    def test_ne(self):
        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        ext2 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x02"
        )
        ext3 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.5"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        assert ext1 != ext2
        assert ext1 != ext3
        assert ext1 != object()

    def test_repr(self):
        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(ext1) == (
                "<UnrecognizedExtension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
                "name=Unknown OID)>, value=b'\\x03\\x02\\x01')>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(ext1) == (
                "<UnrecognizedExtension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
                "name=Unknown OID)>, value='\\x03\\x02\\x01')>"
            )

    def test_hash(self):
        ext1 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        ext2 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        ext3 = x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.5"), b"\x03\x02\x01"
        )
        assert hash(ext1) == hash(ext2)
        assert hash(ext1) != hash(ext3)


class TestCertificateIssuer(object):
    def test_iter_names(self):
        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ])
        assert len(ci) == 2
        assert list(ci) == [
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ]

    def test_indexing(self):
        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
            x509.DNSName(u"another.local"),
            x509.RFC822Name(u"email@another.local"),
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://another.local"),
        ])
        assert ci[-1] == ci[4]
        assert ci[2:6:2] == [ci[2], ci[4]]

    def test_eq(self):
        ci1 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")])
        ci2 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")])
        assert ci1 == ci2

    def test_ne(self):
        ci1 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")])
        ci2 = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(u"somethingelse.tld")])
        assert ci1 != ci2
        assert ci1 != object()

    def test_repr(self):
        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer([x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")])
        assert repr(ci) == (
            "<CertificateIssuer(<GeneralNames([<DNSName(value=cryptography.io"
            ")>])>)>"
        )

    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
        ci = x509.CertificateIssuer(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        names = ci.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]


class TestCRLReason(object):
    def test_invalid_reason_flags(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.CRLReason("notareason")

    def test_eq(self):
        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
        reason2 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
        assert reason1 == reason2

    def test_ne(self):
        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
        reason2 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise)
        assert reason1 != reason2
        assert reason1 != object()

    def test_hash(self):
        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
        reason2 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
        reason3 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise)

        assert hash(reason1) == hash(reason2)
        assert hash(reason1) != hash(reason3)

    def test_repr(self):
        reason1 = x509.CRLReason(x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified)
        assert repr(reason1) == (
            "<CRLReason(reason=ReasonFlags.unspecified)>"
        )


class TestInvalidityDate(object):
    def test_invalid_invalidity_date(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.InvalidityDate("notadate")

    def test_eq(self):
        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
        invalid2 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
        assert invalid1 == invalid2

    def test_ne(self):
        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
        invalid2 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 2))
        assert invalid1 != invalid2
        assert invalid1 != object()

    def test_repr(self):
        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
        assert repr(invalid1) == (
            "<InvalidityDate(invalidity_date=2015-01-01 01:01:00)>"
        )

    def test_hash(self):
        invalid1 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
        invalid2 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 1))
        invalid3 = x509.InvalidityDate(datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 1, 2))
        assert hash(invalid1) == hash(invalid2)
        assert hash(invalid1) != hash(invalid3)


class TestNoticeReference(object):
    def test_notice_numbers_not_all_int(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2, "three"])

    def test_notice_numbers_none(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.NoticeReference("org", None)

    def test_iter_input(self):
        numbers = [1, 3, 4]
        nr = x509.NoticeReference(u"org", iter(numbers))
        assert list(nr.notice_numbers) == numbers

    def test_repr(self):
        nr = x509.NoticeReference(u"org", [1, 3, 4])

        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(nr) == (
                "<NoticeReference(organization='org', notice_numbers=[1, 3, 4"
                "])>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(nr) == (
                "<NoticeReference(organization=u'org', notice_numbers=[1, 3, "
                "4])>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
        assert nr == nr2

    def test_ne(self):
        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1])
        nr3 = x509.NoticeReference(None, [1, 2])
        assert nr != nr2
        assert nr != nr3
        assert nr != object()


class TestUserNotice(object):
    def test_notice_reference_invalid(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.UserNotice("invalid", None)

    def test_notice_reference_none(self):
        un = x509.UserNotice(None, "text")
        assert un.notice_reference is None
        assert un.explicit_text == "text"

    def test_repr(self):
        un = x509.UserNotice(x509.NoticeReference(u"org", [1]), u"text")
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(un) == (
                "<UserNotice(notice_reference=<NoticeReference(organization='"
                "org', notice_numbers=[1])>, explicit_text='text')>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(un) == (
                "<UserNotice(notice_reference=<NoticeReference(organization=u"
                "'org', notice_numbers=[1])>, explicit_text=u'text')>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
        un = x509.UserNotice(nr, "text")
        un2 = x509.UserNotice(nr2, "text")
        assert un == un2

    def test_ne(self):
        nr = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1, 2])
        nr2 = x509.NoticeReference("org", [1])
        un = x509.UserNotice(nr, "text")
        un2 = x509.UserNotice(nr2, "text")
        un3 = x509.UserNotice(nr, "text3")
        assert un != un2
        assert un != un3
        assert un != object()


class TestPolicyInformation(object):
    def test_invalid_policy_identifier(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.PolicyInformation("notanoid", None)

    def test_none_policy_qualifiers(self):
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), None)
        assert pi.policy_identifier == x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")
        assert pi.policy_qualifiers is None

    def test_policy_qualifiers(self):
        pq = [u"string"]
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
        assert pi.policy_identifier == x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")
        assert pi.policy_qualifiers == pq

    def test_invalid_policy_identifiers(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [1, 2])

    def test_iter_input(self):
        qual = [u"foo", u"bar"]
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), iter(qual))
        assert list(pi.policy_qualifiers) == qual

    def test_repr(self):
        pq = [u"string", x509.UserNotice(None, u"hi")]
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(pi) == (
                "<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1."
                "2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifiers=['string', <UserNo"
                "tice(notice_reference=None, explicit_text='hi')>])>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(pi) == (
                "<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1."
                "2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifiers=[u'string', <UserN"
                "otice(notice_reference=None, explicit_text=u'hi')>])>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"),
            [u"string", x509.UserNotice(None, u"hi")]
        )
        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"),
            [u"string", x509.UserNotice(None, u"hi")]
        )
        assert pi == pi2

    def test_ne(self):
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
        )
        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string2"]
        )
        pi3 = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), [u"string"]
        )
        assert pi != pi2
        assert pi != pi3
        assert pi != object()


class TestCertificatePolicies(object):
    def test_invalid_policies(self):
        pq = [u"string"]
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.CertificatePolicies([1, pi])

    def test_iter_len(self):
        pq = [u"string"]
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
        assert len(cp) == 1
        for policyinfo in cp:
            assert policyinfo == pi

    def test_iter_input(self):
        policies = [
            x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"])
        ]
        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies(iter(policies))
        assert list(cp) == policies

    def test_repr(self):
        pq = [u"string"]
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), pq)
        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(cp) == (
                "<CertificatePolicies([<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<O"
                "bjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifi"
                "ers=['string'])>])>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(cp) == (
                "<CertificatePolicies([<PolicyInformation(policy_identifier=<O"
                "bjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3, name=Unknown OID)>, policy_qualifi"
                "ers=[u'string'])>])>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
        )
        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
        )
        cp2 = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi2])
        assert cp == cp2

    def test_ne(self):
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string"]
        )
        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi])
        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"string2"]
        )
        cp2 = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi2])
        assert cp != cp2
        assert cp != object()

    def test_indexing(self):
        pi = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"), [u"test"])
        pi2 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.4"), [u"test"])
        pi3 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.5"), [u"test"])
        pi4 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.6"), [u"test"])
        pi5 = x509.PolicyInformation(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.7"), [u"test"])
        cp = x509.CertificatePolicies([pi, pi2, pi3, pi4, pi5])
        assert cp[-1] == cp[4]
        assert cp[2:6:2] == [cp[2], cp[4]]


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestCertificatePoliciesExtension(object):
    def test_cps_uri_policy_qualifier(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "cp_cps_uri.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
        ).value

        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
            x509.PolicyInformation(
                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
                [u"http://other.com/cps"]
            )
        ])

    def test_user_notice_with_notice_reference(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cp_user_notice_with_notice_reference.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
        ).value

        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
            x509.PolicyInformation(
                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
                [
                    u"http://example.com/cps",
                    u"http://other.com/cps",
                    x509.UserNotice(
                        x509.NoticeReference(u"my org", [1, 2, 3, 4]),
                        u"thing"
                    )
                ]
            )
        ])

    def test_user_notice_with_explicit_text(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cp_user_notice_with_explicit_text.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
        ).value

        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
            x509.PolicyInformation(
                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
                [x509.UserNotice(None, u"thing")]
            )
        ])

    def test_user_notice_no_explicit_text(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cp_user_notice_no_explicit_text.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cp = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CERTIFICATE_POLICIES
        ).value

        assert cp == x509.CertificatePolicies([
            x509.PolicyInformation(
                x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.12345.1.2.3.4.1"),
                [
                    x509.UserNotice(
                        x509.NoticeReference(u"my org", [1, 2, 3, 4]),
                        None
                    )
                ]
            )
        ])


class TestKeyUsage(object):
    def test_key_agreement_false_encipher_decipher_true(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.KeyUsage(
                digital_signature=False,
                content_commitment=False,
                key_encipherment=False,
                data_encipherment=False,
                key_agreement=False,
                key_cert_sign=False,
                crl_sign=False,
                encipher_only=True,
                decipher_only=False
            )

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.KeyUsage(
                digital_signature=False,
                content_commitment=False,
                key_encipherment=False,
                data_encipherment=False,
                key_agreement=False,
                key_cert_sign=False,
                crl_sign=False,
                encipher_only=True,
                decipher_only=True
            )

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.KeyUsage(
                digital_signature=False,
                content_commitment=False,
                key_encipherment=False,
                data_encipherment=False,
                key_agreement=False,
                key_cert_sign=False,
                crl_sign=False,
                encipher_only=False,
                decipher_only=True
            )

    def test_properties_key_agreement_true(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=True,
            content_commitment=True,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=False,
            key_cert_sign=True,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=False
        )
        assert ku.digital_signature is True
        assert ku.content_commitment is True
        assert ku.key_encipherment is False
        assert ku.data_encipherment is False
        assert ku.key_agreement is False
        assert ku.key_cert_sign is True
        assert ku.crl_sign is False

    def test_key_agreement_true_properties(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=False,
            content_commitment=False,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=True,
            key_cert_sign=False,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=True
        )
        assert ku.key_agreement is True
        assert ku.encipher_only is False
        assert ku.decipher_only is True

    def test_key_agreement_false_properties(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=False,
            content_commitment=False,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=False,
            key_cert_sign=False,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=False
        )
        assert ku.key_agreement is False
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            ku.encipher_only

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            ku.decipher_only

    def test_repr_key_agreement_false(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=True,
            content_commitment=True,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=False,
            key_cert_sign=True,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=False
        )
        assert repr(ku) == (
            "<KeyUsage(digital_signature=True, content_commitment=True, key_en"
            "cipherment=False, data_encipherment=False, key_agreement=False, k"
            "ey_cert_sign=True, crl_sign=False, encipher_only=None, decipher_o"
            "nly=None)>"
        )

    def test_repr_key_agreement_true(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=True,
            content_commitment=True,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=True,
            key_cert_sign=True,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=False
        )
        assert repr(ku) == (
            "<KeyUsage(digital_signature=True, content_commitment=True, key_en"
            "cipherment=False, data_encipherment=False, key_agreement=True, k"
            "ey_cert_sign=True, crl_sign=False, encipher_only=False, decipher_"
            "only=False)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=False,
            content_commitment=False,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=True,
            key_cert_sign=False,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=True
        )
        ku2 = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=False,
            content_commitment=False,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=True,
            key_cert_sign=False,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=True
        )
        assert ku == ku2

    def test_ne(self):
        ku = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=False,
            content_commitment=False,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=True,
            key_cert_sign=False,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=True
        )
        ku2 = x509.KeyUsage(
            digital_signature=False,
            content_commitment=False,
            key_encipherment=False,
            data_encipherment=False,
            key_agreement=False,
            key_cert_sign=False,
            crl_sign=False,
            encipher_only=False,
            decipher_only=False
        )
        assert ku != ku2
        assert ku != object()


class TestSubjectKeyIdentifier(object):
    def test_properties(self):
        value = binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(value)
        assert ski.digest == value

    def test_repr(self):
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        )
        ext = x509.Extension(ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER, False, ski)
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(ext) == (
                "<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.14, name=subjectK"
                "eyIdentifier)>, critical=False, value=<SubjectKeyIdentifier(d"
                "igest=b\'\\t#\\x84\\x93\"0I\\x8b\\xc9\\x80\\xaa\\x80\\x98Eoo"
                "\\xf7\\xff:\\xc9\')>)>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(ext) == (
                "<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.14, name=subjectK"
                "eyIdentifier)>, critical=False, value=<SubjectKeyIdentifier(d"
                "igest=\'\\t#\\x84\\x93\"0I\\x8b\\xc9\\x80\\xaa\\x80\\x98Eoo"
                "\\xf7\\xff:\\xc9\')>)>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        )
        ski2 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        )
        assert ski == ski2

    def test_ne(self):
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        )
        ski2 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9092384932230498bc980")
        )
        assert ski != ski2
        assert ski != object()

    def test_hash(self):
        ski1 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        )
        ski2 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"092384932230498bc980aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9")
        )
        ski3 = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier(
            binascii.unhexlify(b"aa8098456f6ff7ff3ac9092384932230498bc980")
        )

        assert hash(ski1) == hash(ski2)
        assert hash(ski1) != hash(ski3)


class TestAuthorityKeyIdentifier(object):
    def test_authority_cert_issuer_not_generalname(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", ["notname"], 3)

    def test_authority_cert_serial_number_not_integer(self):
        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([
                x509.NameAttribute(
                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'),
                    u'value1'
                ),
                x509.NameAttribute(
                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.2'),
                    u'value2'
                ),
            ])
        )
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", [dirname], "notanint")

    def test_authority_issuer_none_serial_not_none(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", None, 3)

    def test_authority_issuer_not_none_serial_none(self):
        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([
                x509.NameAttribute(
                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'),
                    u'value1'
                ),
                x509.NameAttribute(
                    x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.2'),
                    u'value2'
                ),
            ])
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"identifier", [dirname], None)

    def test_authority_cert_serial_and_issuer_none(self):
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"id", None, None)
        assert aki.key_identifier == b"id"
        assert aki.authority_cert_issuer is None
        assert aki.authority_cert_serial_number is None

    def test_authority_cert_serial_zero(self):
        dns = x509.DNSName(u"SomeIssuer")
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"id", [dns], 0)
        assert aki.key_identifier == b"id"
        assert aki.authority_cert_issuer == [dns]
        assert aki.authority_cert_serial_number == 0

    def test_iter_input(self):
        dirnames = [
            x509.DirectoryName(
                x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
            )
        ]
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", iter(dirnames), 1234)
        assert list(aki.authority_cert_issuer) == dirnames

    def test_repr(self):
        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
        )
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 1234)

        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(aki) == (
                "<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier=b'digest', authority_"
                "cert_issuer=[<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid="
                "<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value='myC"
                "N')>])>)>], authority_cert_serial_number=1234)>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(aki) == (
                "<AuthorityKeyIdentifier(key_identifier='digest', authority_ce"
                "rt_issuer=[<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<Ob"
                "jectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'myCN')"
                ">])>)>], authority_cert_serial_number=1234)>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
        )
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 1234)
        dirname2 = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
        )
        aki2 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname2], 1234)
        assert aki == aki2

    def test_ne(self):
        dirname = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'myCN')])
        )
        dirname5 = x509.DirectoryName(
            x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'aCN')])
        )
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 1234)
        aki2 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"diges", [dirname], 1234)
        aki3 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", None, None)
        aki4 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname], 12345)
        aki5 = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier(b"digest", [dirname5], 12345)
        assert aki != aki2
        assert aki != aki3
        assert aki != aki4
        assert aki != aki5
        assert aki != object()


class TestBasicConstraints(object):
    def test_ca_not_boolean(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.BasicConstraints(ca="notbool", path_length=None)

    def test_path_length_not_ca(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=0)

    def test_path_length_not_int(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=1.1)

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length="notint")

    def test_path_length_negative(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=-1)

    def test_repr(self):
        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
        assert repr(na) == (
            "<BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)>"
        )

    def test_hash(self):
        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
        na2 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
        na3 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=0)
        assert hash(na) == hash(na2)
        assert hash(na) != hash(na3)

    def test_eq(self):
        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
        na2 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
        assert na == na2

    def test_ne(self):
        na = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=None)
        na2 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=True, path_length=1)
        na3 = x509.BasicConstraints(ca=False, path_length=None)
        assert na != na2
        assert na != na3
        assert na != object()


class TestExtendedKeyUsage(object):
    def test_not_all_oids(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.ExtendedKeyUsage(["notoid"])

    def test_iter_len(self):
        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
        ])
        assert len(eku) == 2
        assert list(eku) == [
            ExtendedKeyUsageOID.SERVER_AUTH,
            ExtendedKeyUsageOID.CLIENT_AUTH
        ]

    def test_iter_input(self):
        usages = [
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
        ]
        aia = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage(iter(usages))
        assert list(aia) == usages

    def test_repr(self):
        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
        ])
        assert repr(eku) == (
            "<ExtendedKeyUsage([<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1, name="
            "serverAuth)>, <ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2, name=clien"
            "tAuth)>])>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6"), x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.7")
        ])
        eku2 = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6"), x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.7")
        ])
        assert eku == eku2

    def test_ne(self):
        eku = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6")])
        eku2 = x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1")])
        assert eku != eku2
        assert eku != object()


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestExtensions(object):
    def test_no_extensions(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "verisign_md2_root.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions
        assert len(ext) == 0
        assert list(ext) == []
        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound) as exc:
            ext.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)

        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS

    def test_one_extension(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        extensions = cert.extensions
        ext = extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.value.ca is False

    def test_duplicate_extension(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "two_basic_constraints.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(x509.DuplicateExtension) as exc:
            cert.extensions

        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS

    def test_unsupported_critical_extension(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "unsupported_extension_critical.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(x509.UnsupportedExtension) as exc:
            cert.extensions

        assert exc.value.oid == x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4")

    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=EllipticCurveBackend)
    def test_unsupported_extension(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "unsupported_extension_2.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        extensions = cert.extensions
        assert len(extensions) == 2
        assert extensions[0].critical is False
        assert extensions[0].oid == x509.ObjectIdentifier(
            "1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.2"
        )
        assert extensions[0].value == x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.2"),
            b"1.3.6.1.4.1.41482.1.2"
        )
        assert extensions[1].critical is False
        assert extensions[1].oid == x509.ObjectIdentifier(
            "1.3.6.1.4.1.45724.2.1.1"
        )
        assert extensions[1].value == x509.UnrecognizedExtension(
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.4.1.45724.2.1.1"),
            b"\x03\x02\x040"
        )

    def test_no_extensions_get_for_class(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "cryptography.io.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        exts = cert.extensions
        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound) as exc:
            exts.get_extension_for_class(x509.IssuerAlternativeName)
        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME

    def test_unrecognized_extension_for_class(self):
        exts = x509.Extensions([])
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            exts.get_extension_for_class(x509.UnrecognizedExtension)

    def test_indexing(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        exts = cert.extensions
        assert exts[-1] == exts[7]
        assert exts[2:6:2] == [exts[2], exts[4]]

    def test_one_extension_get_for_class(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(x509.BasicConstraints)
        assert ext is not None
        assert isinstance(ext.value, x509.BasicConstraints)

    def test_repr(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        assert repr(cert.extensions) == (
            "<Extensions([<Extension(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.29.19, name"
            "=basicConstraints)>, critical=False, value=<BasicConstraints(ca=F"
            "alse, path_length=None)>)>])>"
        )


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestBasicConstraintsExtension(object):
    def test_ca_true_pathlen_6(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "pathLenConstraint6CACert.crt"
            ),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is True
        assert ext.value.ca is True
        assert ext.value.path_length == 6

    def test_path_length_zero(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "bc_path_length_zero.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is True
        assert ext.value.ca is True
        assert ext.value.path_length == 0

    def test_ca_true_no_pathlen(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "GoodCACert.crt"),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is True
        assert ext.value.ca is True
        assert ext.value.path_length is None

    def test_ca_false(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is True
        assert ext.value.ca is False
        assert ext.value.path_length is None

    def test_no_basic_constraints(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509",
                "PKITS_data",
                "certs",
                "ValidCertificatePathTest1EE.crt"
            ),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound):
            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
                ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
            )

    def test_basic_constraint_not_critical(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "basic_constraints_not_critical.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False
        assert ext.value.ca is False


class TestSubjectKeyIdentifierExtension(object):
    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
    def test_subject_key_identifier(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "GoodCACert.crt"),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        ski = ext.value
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False
        assert ski.digest == binascii.unhexlify(
            b"580184241bbc2b52944a3da510721451f5af3ac9"
        )

    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
    def test_no_subject_key_identifier(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "bc_path_length_zero.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound):
            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
                ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
            )

    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
    def test_from_rsa_public_key(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "GoodCACert.crt"),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(
            cert.public_key()
        )
        assert ext.value == ski

    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=DSABackend)
    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
    def test_from_dsa_public_key(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "dsa_selfsigned_ca.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(
            cert.public_key()
        )
        assert ext.value == ski

    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=EllipticCurveBackend)
    @pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
    def test_from_ec_public_key(self, backend):
        _skip_curve_unsupported(backend, ec.SECP384R1())
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "ecdsa_root.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        ski = x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier.from_public_key(
            cert.public_key()
        )
        assert ext.value == ski


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestKeyUsageExtension(object):
    def test_no_key_usage(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "verisign_md2_root.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions
        with pytest.raises(x509.ExtensionNotFound) as exc:
            ext.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE)

        assert exc.value.oid == ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE

    def test_all_purposes(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "all_key_usages.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        extensions = cert.extensions
        ext = extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE)
        assert ext is not None

        ku = ext.value
        assert ku.digital_signature is True
        assert ku.content_commitment is True
        assert ku.key_encipherment is True
        assert ku.data_encipherment is True
        assert ku.key_agreement is True
        assert ku.key_cert_sign is True
        assert ku.crl_sign is True
        assert ku.encipher_only is True
        assert ku.decipher_only is True

    def test_key_cert_sign_crl_sign(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "pathLenConstraint6CACert.crt"
            ),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(ExtensionOID.KEY_USAGE)
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is True

        ku = ext.value
        assert ku.digital_signature is False
        assert ku.content_commitment is False
        assert ku.key_encipherment is False
        assert ku.data_encipherment is False
        assert ku.key_agreement is False
        assert ku.key_cert_sign is True
        assert ku.crl_sign is True


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "name", [
        x509.RFC822Name,
        x509.DNSName,
        x509.UniformResourceIdentifier
    ]
)
class TestTextGeneralNames(object):
    def test_not_text(self, name):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            name(b"notaunicodestring")

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            name(1.3)

    def test_repr(self, name):
        gn = name(u"string")
        assert repr(gn) == "<{0}(value=string)>".format(name.__name__)

    def test_eq(self, name):
        gn = name(u"string")
        gn2 = name(u"string")
        assert gn == gn2

    def test_ne(self, name):
        gn = name(u"string")
        gn2 = name(u"string2")
        assert gn != gn2
        assert gn != object()


class TestDirectoryName(object):
    def test_not_name(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DirectoryName(b"notaname")

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DirectoryName(1.3)

    def test_repr(self):
        name = x509.Name([x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'value1')])
        gn = x509.DirectoryName(name)
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(gn) == (
                "<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentif"
                "ier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value='value1')>])>)>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(gn) == (
                "<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentif"
                "ier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'value1')>])>)>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        name = x509.Name([
            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'), u'value1')
        ])
        name2 = x509.Name([
            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'), u'value1')
        ])
        gn = x509.DirectoryName(name)
        gn2 = x509.DirectoryName(name2)
        assert gn == gn2

    def test_ne(self):
        name = x509.Name([
            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.1'), u'value1')
        ])
        name2 = x509.Name([
            x509.NameAttribute(x509.ObjectIdentifier('2.999.2'), u'value2')
        ])
        gn = x509.DirectoryName(name)
        gn2 = x509.DirectoryName(name2)
        assert gn != gn2
        assert gn != object()


class TestRFC822Name(object):
    def test_invalid_email(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.RFC822Name(u"Name <email>")

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.RFC822Name(u"")

    def test_single_label(self):
        gn = x509.RFC822Name(u"administrator")
        assert gn.value == u"administrator"

    def test_idna(self):
        gn = x509.RFC822Name(u"email@em\xe5\xefl.com")
        assert gn.value == u"email@em\xe5\xefl.com"
        assert gn._encoded == b"email@xn--eml-vla4c.com"

    def test_hash(self):
        g1 = x509.RFC822Name(u"email@host.com")
        g2 = x509.RFC822Name(u"email@host.com")
        g3 = x509.RFC822Name(u"admin@host.com")

        assert hash(g1) == hash(g2)
        assert hash(g1) != hash(g3)


class TestUniformResourceIdentifier(object):
    def test_no_parsed_hostname(self):
        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"singlelabel")
        assert gn.value == u"singlelabel"

    def test_with_port(self):
        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"singlelabel:443/test")
        assert gn.value == u"singlelabel:443/test"

    def test_idna_no_port(self):
        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
            u"http://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"
        )
        assert gn.value == u"http://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"
        assert gn._encoded == b"http://xn--80ato2c.cryptography"

    def test_idna_with_port(self):
        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
            u"gopher://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography:70/some/path"
        )
        assert gn.value == (
            u"gopher://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography:70/some/path"
        )
        assert gn._encoded == b"gopher://xn--80ato2c.cryptography:70/some/path"

    def test_query_and_fragment(self):
        gn = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
            u"ldap://cryptography:90/path?query=true#somedata"
        )
        assert gn.value == u"ldap://cryptography:90/path?query=true#somedata"

    def test_hash(self):
        g1 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://host.com")
        g2 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://host.com")
        g3 = x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://other.com")

        assert hash(g1) == hash(g2)
        assert hash(g1) != hash(g3)


class TestRegisteredID(object):
    def test_not_oid(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.RegisteredID(b"notanoid")

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.RegisteredID(1.3)

    def test_repr(self):
        gn = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
        assert repr(gn) == (
            "<RegisteredID(value=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonNam"
            "e)>)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        gn = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
        gn2 = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
        assert gn == gn2

    def test_ne(self):
        gn = x509.RegisteredID(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)
        gn2 = x509.RegisteredID(ExtensionOID.BASIC_CONSTRAINTS)
        assert gn != gn2
        assert gn != object()


class TestIPAddress(object):
    def test_not_ipaddress(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.IPAddress(b"notanipaddress")

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.IPAddress(1.3)

    def test_repr(self):
        gn = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
        assert repr(gn) == "<IPAddress(value=127.0.0.1)>"

        gn2 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Address(u"ff::"))
        assert repr(gn2) == "<IPAddress(value=ff::)>"

        gn3 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/24"))
        assert repr(gn3) == "<IPAddress(value=192.168.0.0/24)>"

        gn4 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Network(u"ff::/96"))
        assert repr(gn4) == "<IPAddress(value=ff::/96)>"

    def test_eq(self):
        gn = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
        gn2 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
        assert gn == gn2

    def test_ne(self):
        gn = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
        gn2 = x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.2"))
        assert gn != gn2
        assert gn != object()


class TestOtherName(object):
    def test_invalid_args(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.OtherName(b"notanobjectidentifier", b"derdata")

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), u"notderdata")

    def test_repr(self):
        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(gn) == (
                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
                "name=Unknown OID)>, value=b'derdata')>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(gn) == (
                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.2.3.4, "
                "name=Unknown OID)>, value='derdata')>"
            )

        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.5.4.65"), b"derdata")
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(gn) == (
                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.65, "
                "name=pseudonym)>, value=b'derdata')>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(gn) == (
                "<OtherName(type_id=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5.4.65, "
                "name=pseudonym)>, value='derdata')>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
        gn2 = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
        assert gn == gn2

    def test_ne(self):
        gn = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata")
        assert gn != object()

        gn2 = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"), b"derdata2")
        assert gn != gn2

        gn2 = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.5"), b"derdata")
        assert gn != gn2


class TestGeneralNames(object):
    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        names = gns.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]

    def test_iter_names(self):
        gns = x509.GeneralNames([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ])
        assert len(gns) == 2
        assert list(gns) == [
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ]

    def test_iter_input(self):
        names = [
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ]
        gns = x509.GeneralNames(iter(names))
        assert list(gns) == names

    def test_indexing(self):
        gn = x509.GeneralNames([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
            x509.DNSName(u"another.local"),
            x509.RFC822Name(u"email@another.local"),
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://another.local"),
        ])
        assert gn[-1] == gn[4]
        assert gn[2:6:2] == [gn[2], gn[4]]

    def test_invalid_general_names(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.GeneralNames(
                [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"), "invalid"]
            )

    def test_repr(self):
        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
            [
                x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")
            ]
        )
        assert repr(gns) == (
            "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(value=cryptography.io)>])>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        gns2 = x509.GeneralNames(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        assert gns == gns2

    def test_ne(self):
        gns = x509.GeneralNames(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        gns2 = x509.GeneralNames(
            [x509.RFC822Name(u"admin@cryptography.io")]
        )
        assert gns != gns2
        assert gns != object()


class TestIssuerAlternativeName(object):
    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        names = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]

    def test_iter_names(self):
        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ])
        assert len(san) == 2
        assert list(san) == [
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ]

    def test_indexing(self):
        ian = x509.IssuerAlternativeName([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
            x509.DNSName(u"another.local"),
            x509.RFC822Name(u"email@another.local"),
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://another.local"),
        ])
        assert ian[-1] == ian[4]
        assert ian[2:6:2] == [ian[2], ian[4]]

    def test_invalid_general_names(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
                [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"), "invalid"]
            )

    def test_repr(self):
        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
            [
                x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")
            ]
        )
        assert repr(san) == (
            "<IssuerAlternativeName("
            "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(value=cryptography.io)>])>)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        san2 = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        assert san == san2

    def test_ne(self):
        san = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        san2 = x509.IssuerAlternativeName(
            [x509.RFC822Name(u"admin@cryptography.io")]
        )
        assert san != san2
        assert san != object()


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestRSAIssuerAlternativeNameExtension(object):
    def test_uri(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "ian_uri.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend,
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.ISSUER_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert list(ext.value) == [
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://path.to.root/root.crt"),
        ]


class TestCRLNumber(object):
    def test_eq(self):
        crl_number = x509.CRLNumber(15)
        assert crl_number == x509.CRLNumber(15)

    def test_ne(self):
        crl_number = x509.CRLNumber(15)
        assert crl_number != x509.CRLNumber(14)
        assert crl_number != object()

    def test_repr(self):
        crl_number = x509.CRLNumber(15)
        assert repr(crl_number) == "<CRLNumber(15)>"

    def test_invalid_number(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.CRLNumber("notanumber")

    def test_hash(self):
        c1 = x509.CRLNumber(1)
        c2 = x509.CRLNumber(1)
        c3 = x509.CRLNumber(2)
        assert hash(c1) == hash(c2)
        assert hash(c1) != hash(c3)


class TestSubjectAlternativeName(object):
    def test_get_values_for_type(self):
        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        names = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert names == [u"cryptography.io"]

    def test_iter_names(self):
        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ])
        assert len(san) == 2
        assert list(san) == [
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
        ]

    def test_indexing(self):
        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName([
            x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"),
            x509.DNSName(u"crypto.local"),
            x509.DNSName(u"another.local"),
            x509.RFC822Name(u"email@another.local"),
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://another.local"),
        ])
        assert san[-1] == san[4]
        assert san[2:6:2] == [san[2], san[4]]

    def test_invalid_general_names(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
                [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io"), "invalid"]
            )

    def test_repr(self):
        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
            [
                x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")
            ]
        )
        assert repr(san) == (
            "<SubjectAlternativeName("
            "<GeneralNames([<DNSName(value=cryptography.io)>])>)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        san2 = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        assert san == san2

    def test_ne(self):
        san = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
            [x509.DNSName(u"cryptography.io")]
        )
        san2 = x509.SubjectAlternativeName(
            [x509.RFC822Name(u"admin@cryptography.io")]
        )
        assert san != san2
        assert san != object()


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestRSASubjectAlternativeNameExtension(object):
    def test_dns_name(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        san = ext.value

        dns = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert dns == [u"www.cryptography.io", u"cryptography.io"]

    def test_wildcard_dns_name(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "wildcard_san.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )

        dns = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert dns == [
            u'*.langui.sh',
            u'langui.sh',
            u'*.saseliminator.com',
            u'saseliminator.com'
        ]

    def test_san_empty_hostname(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_empty_hostname.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        san = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )

        dns = san.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert dns == [u'']

    def test_san_wildcard_idna_dns_name(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "san_wildcard_idna.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )

        dns = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        assert dns == [u'*.\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography']

    def test_unsupported_gn(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "san_x400address.der"),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(x509.UnsupportedGeneralNameType) as exc:
            cert.extensions

        assert exc.value.type == 3

    def test_registered_id(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_registered_id.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        san = ext.value
        rid = san.get_values_for_type(x509.RegisteredID)
        assert rid == [x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4")]

    def test_uri(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_uri_with_port.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        uri = ext.value.get_values_for_type(
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier
        )
        assert uri == [
            u"gopher://\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography:70/path?q=s#hel"
            u"lo",
            u"http://someregulardomain.com",
        ]

    def test_ipaddress(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_ipaddr.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        san = ext.value

        ip = san.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
        assert [
            ipaddress.ip_address(u"127.0.0.1"),
            ipaddress.ip_address(u"ff::")
        ] == ip

    def test_dirname(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_dirname.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        san = ext.value

        dirname = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DirectoryName)
        assert [
            x509.Name([
                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'test'),
                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u'Org'),
                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.STATE_OR_PROVINCE_NAME, u'Texas'),
            ])
        ] == dirname

    def test_rfc822name(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_rfc822_idna.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        san = ext.value

        rfc822name = san.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
        assert [u"email@em\xe5\xefl.com"] == rfc822name

    def test_idna2003_invalid(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_idna2003_dnsname.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(UnicodeError):
            cert.extensions

    def test_unicode_rfc822_name_dns_name_uri(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_idna_names.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        rfc822_name = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
        dns_name = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        uri = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.UniformResourceIdentifier)
        assert rfc822_name == [u"email@\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"]
        assert dns_name == [u"\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"]
        assert uri == [u"https://www.\u043f\u044b\u043a\u0430.cryptography"]

    def test_rfc822name_dnsname_ipaddress_directoryname_uri(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_email_dns_ip_dirname_uri.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        san = ext.value

        rfc822_name = san.get_values_for_type(x509.RFC822Name)
        uri = san.get_values_for_type(x509.UniformResourceIdentifier)
        dns = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DNSName)
        ip = san.get_values_for_type(x509.IPAddress)
        dirname = san.get_values_for_type(x509.DirectoryName)
        assert [u"user@cryptography.io"] == rfc822_name
        assert [u"https://cryptography.io"] == uri
        assert [u"cryptography.io"] == dns
        assert [
            x509.Name([
                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u'dirCN'),
                x509.NameAttribute(
                    NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u'Cryptographic Authority'
                ),
            ])
        ] == dirname
        assert [
            ipaddress.ip_address(u"127.0.0.1"),
            ipaddress.ip_address(u"ff::")
        ] == ip

    def test_invalid_rfc822name(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_rfc822_names.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc:
            cert.extensions

        assert 'Invalid rfc822name value' in str(exc.value)

    def test_other_name(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "san_other_name.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.SUBJECT_ALTERNATIVE_NAME
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        expected = x509.OtherName(x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3.4"),
                                  b'\x16\x0bHello World')
        assert len(ext.value) == 1
        assert list(ext.value)[0] == expected

        othernames = ext.value.get_values_for_type(x509.OtherName)
        assert othernames == [expected]

    def test_certbuilder(self, backend):
        sans = [u'*.example.org', u'*.\xf5\xe4\xf6\xfc.example.com',
                u'foobar.example.net']
        private_key = RSA_KEY_2048.private_key(backend)
        builder = _make_certbuilder(private_key)
        builder = builder.add_extension(
            SubjectAlternativeName(list(map(DNSName, sans))), True)

        cert = builder.sign(private_key, hashes.SHA1(), backend)
        result = [x.value for x in cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
            SubjectAlternativeName).value]
        assert result == sans


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestExtendedKeyUsageExtension(object):
    def test_eku(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "extended_key_usage.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.EXTENDED_KEY_USAGE
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert [
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.5.29.37.0"),
            x509.ObjectIdentifier("2.16.840.1.113730.4.1"),
        ] == list(ext.value)


class TestAccessDescription(object):
    def test_invalid_access_method(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.AccessDescription("notanoid", x509.DNSName(u"test"))

    def test_invalid_access_location(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS, "invalid"
            )

    def test_valid_nonstandard_method(self):
        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
            ObjectIdentifier("2.999.1"),
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://example.com")
        )
        assert ad is not None

    def test_repr(self):
        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        assert repr(ad) == (
            "<AccessDescription(access_method=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5."
            "5.7.48.1, name=OCSP)>, access_location=<UniformResourceIdentifier"
            "(value=http://ocsp.domain.com)>)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        ad2 = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        assert ad == ad2

    def test_ne(self):
        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        ad2 = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        ad3 = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://notthesame")
        )
        assert ad != ad2
        assert ad != ad3
        assert ad != object()

    def test_hash(self):
        ad = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        ad2 = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        ad3 = x509.AccessDescription(
            AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
            x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
        )
        assert hash(ad) == hash(ad2)
        assert hash(ad) != hash(ad3)


class TestPolicyConstraints(object):
    def test_invalid_explicit_policy(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.PolicyConstraints("invalid", None)

    def test_invalid_inhibit_policy(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.PolicyConstraints(None, "invalid")

    def test_both_none(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.PolicyConstraints(None, None)

    def test_repr(self):
        pc = x509.PolicyConstraints(0, None)

        assert repr(pc) == (
            u"<PolicyConstraints(require_explicit_policy=0, inhibit_policy_ma"
            u"pping=None)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        pc = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 1)
        pc2 = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 1)
        assert pc == pc2

    def test_ne(self):
        pc = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 1)
        pc2 = x509.PolicyConstraints(2, 2)
        pc3 = x509.PolicyConstraints(3, 1)
        assert pc != pc2
        assert pc != pc3
        assert pc != object()


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestPolicyConstraintsExtension(object):
    def test_inhibit_policy_mapping(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "department-of-state-root.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS,
        )
        assert ext.critical is True

        assert ext.value == x509.PolicyConstraints(
            require_explicit_policy=None, inhibit_policy_mapping=0,
        )

    def test_require_explicit_policy(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "policy_constraints_explicit.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.POLICY_CONSTRAINTS
        )
        assert ext.critical is True
        assert ext.value == x509.PolicyConstraints(
            require_explicit_policy=1, inhibit_policy_mapping=None,
        )


class TestAuthorityInformationAccess(object):
    def test_invalid_descriptions(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.AuthorityInformationAccess(["notanAccessDescription"])

    def test_iter_len(self):
        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            )
        ])
        assert len(aia) == 2
        assert list(aia) == [
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            )
        ]

    def test_iter_input(self):
        desc = [
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            )
        ]
        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess(iter(desc))
        assert list(aia) == desc

    def test_repr(self):
        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            )
        ])
        assert repr(aia) == (
            "<AuthorityInformationAccess([<AccessDescription(access_method=<Ob"
            "jectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1, name=OCSP)>, access_locati"
            "on=<UniformResourceIdentifier(value=http://ocsp.domain.com)>)>, <"
            "AccessDescription(access_method=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=1.3.6.1.5.5"
            ".7.48.2, name=caIssuers)>, access_location=<UniformResourceIdenti"
            "fier(value=http://domain.com/ca.crt)>)>])>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            )
        ])
        aia2 = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            )
        ])
        assert aia == aia2

    def test_ne(self):
        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            )
        ])
        aia2 = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
        ])

        assert aia != aia2
        assert aia != object()

    def test_indexing(self):
        aia = x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain.com/ca.crt")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp2.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp3.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp4.domain.com")
            ),
        ])
        assert aia[-1] == aia[4]
        assert aia[2:6:2] == [aia[2], aia[4]]


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestAuthorityInformationAccessExtension(object):
    def test_aia_ocsp_ca_issuers(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://gv.symcd.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://gv.symcb.com/gv.crt")
            ),
        ])

    def test_aia_multiple_ocsp_ca_issuers(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "aia_ocsp_ca_issuers.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp2.domain.com")
            ),
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.DirectoryName(x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN"),
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
                                       u"some Org"),
                ]))
            ),
        ])

    def test_aia_ocsp_only(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "aia_ocsp.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.OCSP,
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://ocsp.domain.com")
            ),
        ])

    def test_aia_ca_issuers_only(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "custom", "aia_ca_issuers.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_INFORMATION_ACCESS
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value == x509.AuthorityInformationAccess([
            x509.AccessDescription(
                AuthorityInformationAccessOID.CA_ISSUERS,
                x509.DirectoryName(x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN"),
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
                                       u"some Org"),
                ]))
            ),
        ])


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestAuthorityKeyIdentifierExtension(object):
    def test_aki_keyid(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "cryptography.io.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value.key_identifier == (
            b"\xc3\x9c\xf3\xfc\xd3F\x084\xbb\xceF\x7f\xa0|[\xf3\xe2\x08\xcbY"
        )
        assert ext.value.authority_cert_issuer is None
        assert ext.value.authority_cert_serial_number is None

    def test_aki_all_fields(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "authority_key_identifier.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value.key_identifier == (
            b"9E>\xca=b\x1d\xea\x86I\xf6Z\xab@\xb7\xa4p\x98\xf1\xec"
        )
        assert ext.value.authority_cert_issuer == [
            x509.DirectoryName(
                x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(
                        NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"PyCA"
                    ),
                    x509.NameAttribute(
                        NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography.io"
                    )
                ])
            )
        ]
        assert ext.value.authority_cert_serial_number == 3

    def test_aki_no_keyid(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "authority_key_identifier_no_keyid.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        assert ext is not None
        assert ext.critical is False

        assert ext.value.key_identifier is None
        assert ext.value.authority_cert_issuer == [
            x509.DirectoryName(
                x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(
                        NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"PyCA"
                    ),
                    x509.NameAttribute(
                        NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography.io"
                    )
                ])
            )
        ]
        assert ext.value.authority_cert_serial_number == 3

    def test_from_certificate(self, backend):
        issuer_cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "rapidssl_sha256_ca_g3.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_public_key(
            issuer_cert.public_key()
        )
        assert ext.value == aki

    def test_from_issuer_subject_key_identifier(self, backend):
        issuer_cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "rapidssl_sha256_ca_g3.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join("x509", "cryptography.io.pem"),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.AUTHORITY_KEY_IDENTIFIER
        )
        ski = issuer_cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
            x509.SubjectKeyIdentifier
        )
        aki = x509.AuthorityKeyIdentifier.from_issuer_subject_key_identifier(
            ski
        )
        assert ext.value == aki


class TestNameConstraints(object):
    def test_ipaddress_wrong_type(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.NameConstraints(
                permitted_subtrees=[
                    x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
                ],
                excluded_subtrees=None
            )

        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.NameConstraints(
                permitted_subtrees=None,
                excluded_subtrees=[
                    x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Address(u"127.0.0.1"))
                ]
            )

    def test_ipaddress_allowed_type(self):
        permitted = [x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/29"))]
        excluded = [x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"10.10.0.0/24"))]
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=permitted,
            excluded_subtrees=excluded
        )
        assert nc.permitted_subtrees == permitted
        assert nc.excluded_subtrees == excluded

    def test_invalid_permitted_subtrees(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.NameConstraints("badpermitted", None)

    def test_invalid_excluded_subtrees(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.NameConstraints(None, "badexcluded")

    def test_no_subtrees(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.NameConstraints(None, None)

    def test_permitted_none(self):
        excluded = [x509.DNSName(u"name.local")]
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=None, excluded_subtrees=excluded
        )
        assert nc.permitted_subtrees is None
        assert nc.excluded_subtrees is not None

    def test_excluded_none(self):
        permitted = [x509.DNSName(u"name.local")]
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=permitted, excluded_subtrees=None
        )
        assert nc.permitted_subtrees is not None
        assert nc.excluded_subtrees is None

    def test_iter_input(self):
        subtrees = [x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/24"))]
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(iter(subtrees), iter(subtrees))
        assert list(nc.permitted_subtrees) == subtrees
        assert list(nc.excluded_subtrees) == subtrees

    def test_repr(self):
        permitted = [x509.DNSName(u"name.local"), x509.DNSName(u"name2.local")]
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=permitted,
            excluded_subtrees=None
        )
        assert repr(nc) == (
            "<NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees=[<DNSName(value=name.local)>"
            ", <DNSName(value=name2.local)>], excluded_subtrees=None)>"
        )

    def test_eq(self):
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name.local")],
            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name2.local")]
        )
        nc2 = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name.local")],
            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name2.local")]
        )
        assert nc == nc2

    def test_ne(self):
        nc = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name.local")],
            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name2.local")]
        )
        nc2 = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name.local")],
            excluded_subtrees=None
        )
        nc3 = x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=None,
            excluded_subtrees=[x509.DNSName(u"name2.local")]
        )

        assert nc != nc2
        assert nc != nc3
        assert nc != object()


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestNameConstraintsExtension(object):
    def test_permitted_excluded(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted_excluded_2.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
        ).value
        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[
                x509.DNSName(u"zombo.local"),
            ],
            excluded_subtrees=[
                x509.DirectoryName(x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"zombo")
                ]))
            ]
        )

    def test_permitted(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted_2.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
        ).value
        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[
                x509.DNSName(u"zombo.local"),
            ],
            excluded_subtrees=None
        )

    def test_permitted_with_leading_period(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
        ).value
        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[
                x509.DNSName(u".cryptography.io"),
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://cryptography.test")
            ],
            excluded_subtrees=None
        )

    def test_excluded_with_leading_period(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_excluded.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
        ).value
        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=None,
            excluded_subtrees=[
                x509.DNSName(u".cryptography.io"),
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"gopher://cryptography.test")
            ]
        )

    def test_permitted_excluded_with_ips(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_permitted_excluded.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
        ).value
        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[
                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.0/24")),
                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Network(u"FF:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/96")),
            ],
            excluded_subtrees=[
                x509.DNSName(u".domain.com"),
                x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://test.local"),
            ]
        )

    def test_single_ip_netmask(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_single_ip_netmask.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        nc = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
        ).value
        assert nc == x509.NameConstraints(
            permitted_subtrees=[
                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv6Network(u"FF:0:0:0:0:0:0:0/128")),
                x509.IPAddress(ipaddress.IPv4Network(u"192.168.0.1/32")),
            ],
            excluded_subtrees=None
        )

    def test_invalid_netmask(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "nc_invalid_ip_netmask.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
                ExtensionOID.NAME_CONSTRAINTS
            )

    def test_certbuilder(self, backend):
        permitted = [u'.example.org', u'.\xf5\xe4\xf6\xfc.example.com',
                     u'foobar.example.net']
        private_key = RSA_KEY_2048.private_key(backend)
        builder = _make_certbuilder(private_key)
        builder = builder.add_extension(
            NameConstraints(permitted_subtrees=list(map(DNSName, permitted)),
                            excluded_subtrees=[]), True)

        cert = builder.sign(private_key, hashes.SHA1(), backend)
        result = [x.value for x in cert.extensions.get_extension_for_class(
            NameConstraints).value.permitted_subtrees]
        assert result == permitted


class TestDistributionPoint(object):
    def test_distribution_point_full_name_not_general_names(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(["notgn"], None, None, None)

    def test_distribution_point_relative_name_not_name(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(None, "notname", None, None)

    def test_distribution_point_full_and_relative_not_none(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.DistributionPoint("data", "notname", None, None)

    def test_relative_name_name_value_deprecated(self):
        with pytest.deprecated_call():
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None,
                x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN")
                ]),
                None,
                None
            )

    def test_crl_issuer_not_general_names(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(None, None, None, ["notgn"])

    def test_reason_not_reasonflags(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
                None,
                frozenset(["notreasonflags"]),
                None
            )

    def test_reason_not_frozenset(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
                None,
                [x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise],
                None
            )

    def test_disallowed_reasons(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
                None,
                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.unspecified]),
                None
            )

        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
                None,
                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.remove_from_crl]),
                None
            )

    def test_reason_only(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None,
                None,
                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.aa_compromise]),
                None
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
            None,
            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.superseded]),
            [
                x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
                        )
                    ])
                )
            ],
        )
        dp2 = x509.DistributionPoint(
            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
            None,
            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.superseded]),
            [
                x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
                        )
                    ])
                )
            ],
        )
        assert dp == dp2

    def test_ne(self):
        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
            None,
            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.superseded]),
            [
                x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
                        )
                    ])
                )
            ],
        )
        dp2 = x509.DistributionPoint(
            [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")],
            None,
            None,
            None
        )
        assert dp != dp2
        assert dp != object()

    def test_iter_input(self):
        name = [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://crypt.og/crl")]
        issuer = [
            x509.DirectoryName(
                x509.Name([
                    x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA")
                ])
            )
        ]
        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
            iter(name),
            None,
            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise]),
            iter(issuer),
        )
        assert list(dp.full_name) == name
        assert list(dp.crl_issuer) == issuer

    def test_repr(self):
        dp = x509.DistributionPoint(
            None,
            x509.RelativeDistinguishedName([
                x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"myCN")
            ]),
            frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise]),
            [
                x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"Important CA"
                        )
                    ])
                )
            ],
        )
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(dp) == (
                "<DistributionPoint(full_name=None, relative_name=<RelativeDis"
                "tinguishedName([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5."
                "4.3, name=commonName)>, value='myCN')>])>, reasons=frozenset("
                "{<ReasonFlags.ca_compromise: 'cACompromise'>}), crl_issuer=[<"
                "DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifi"
                "er(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value='Important CA')>])>)"
                ">])>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(dp) == (
                "<DistributionPoint(full_name=None, relative_name=<RelativeDis"
                "tinguishedName([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentifier(oid=2.5."
                "4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'myCN')>])>, reasons=frozenset"
                "([<ReasonFlags.ca_compromise: 'cACompromise'>]), crl_issuer=["
                "<DirectoryName(value=<Name([<NameAttribute(oid=<ObjectIdentif"
                "ier(oid=2.5.4.3, name=commonName)>, value=u'Important CA')>])"
                ">)>])>"
            )


class TestCRLDistributionPoints(object):
    def test_invalid_distribution_points(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.CRLDistributionPoints(["notadistributionpoint"])

    def test_iter_len(self):
        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain")],
                None,
                None,
                None
            ),
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                None
            ),
        ])
        assert len(cdp) == 2
        assert list(cdp) == [
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain")],
                None,
                None,
                None
            ),
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                None
            ),
        ]

    def test_iter_input(self):
        points = [
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"http://domain")],
                None,
                None,
                None
            ),
        ]
        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints(iter(points))
        assert list(cdp) == points

    def test_repr(self):
        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise]),
                None
            ),
        ])
        if six.PY3:
            assert repr(cdp) == (
                "<CRLDistributionPoints([<DistributionPoint(full_name=[<Unifo"
                "rmResourceIdentifier(value=ftp://domain)>], relative_name=No"
                "ne, reasons=frozenset({<ReasonFlags.key_compromise: 'keyComp"
                "romise'>}), crl_issuer=None)>])>"
            )
        else:
            assert repr(cdp) == (
                "<CRLDistributionPoints([<DistributionPoint(full_name=[<Unifo"
                "rmResourceIdentifier(value=ftp://domain)>], relative_name=No"
                "ne, reasons=frozenset([<ReasonFlags.key_compromise: 'keyComp"
                "romise'>]), crl_issuer=None)>])>"
            )

    def test_eq(self):
        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing")],
            ),
        ])
        cdp2 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing")],
            ),
        ])
        assert cdp == cdp2

    def test_ne(self):
        cdp = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing")],
            ),
        ])
        cdp2 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain2")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing")],
            ),
        ])
        cdp3 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise]),
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing")],
            ),
        ])
        cdp4 = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"ftp://domain")],
                None,
                frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                ]),
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing2")],
            ),
        ])
        assert cdp != cdp2
        assert cdp != cdp3
        assert cdp != cdp4
        assert cdp != object()

    def test_indexing(self):
        ci = x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None, None, None,
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing")],
            ),
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None, None, None,
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing2")],
            ),
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None, None, None,
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing3")],
            ),
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None, None, None,
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing4")],
            ),
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                None, None, None,
                [x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(u"uri://thing5")],
            ),
        ])
        assert ci[-1] == ci[4]
        assert ci[2:6:2] == [ci[2], ci[4]]


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestCRLDistributionPointsExtension(object):
    def test_fullname_and_crl_issuer(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "ValidcRLIssuerTest28EE.crt"
            ),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=[x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
                            u"Test Certificates 2011"
                        ),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
                            u"indirectCRL CA3 cRLIssuer"
                        ),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME,
                            u"indirect CRL for indirectCRL CA3"
                        ),
                    ])
                )],
                relative_name=None,
                reasons=None,
                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
                            u"Test Certificates 2011"
                        ),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
                            u"indirectCRL CA3 cRLIssuer"
                        ),
                    ])
                )],
            )
        ])

    def test_relativename_and_crl_issuer(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "PKITS_data", "certs", "ValidcRLIssuerTest29EE.crt"
            ),
            x509.load_der_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=None,
                relative_name=x509.RelativeDistinguishedName([
                    x509.NameAttribute(
                        NameOID.COMMON_NAME,
                        u"indirect CRL for indirectCRL CA3"
                    ),
                ]),
                reasons=None,
                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME,
                            u"Test Certificates 2011"
                        ),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATIONAL_UNIT_NAME,
                            u"indirectCRL CA3 cRLIssuer"
                        ),
                    ])
                )],
            )
        ])

    def test_fullname_crl_issuer_reasons(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cdp_fullname_reasons_crl_issuer.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
                    u"http://myhost.com/myca.crl"
                )],
                relative_name=None,
                reasons=frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise
                ]),
                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COUNTRY_NAME, u"US"),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, u"PyCA"
                        ),
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography CA"
                        ),
                    ])
                )],
            )
        ])

    def test_all_reasons(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cdp_all_reasons.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
                    u"http://domain.com/some.crl"
                )],
                relative_name=None,
                reasons=frozenset([
                    x509.ReasonFlags.key_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.ca_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.affiliation_changed,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.superseded,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.privilege_withdrawn,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.cessation_of_operation,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.aa_compromise,
                    x509.ReasonFlags.certificate_hold,
                ]),
                crl_issuer=None
            )
        ])

    def test_single_reason(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cdp_reason_aa_compromise.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
                    u"http://domain.com/some.crl"
                )],
                relative_name=None,
                reasons=frozenset([x509.ReasonFlags.aa_compromise]),
                crl_issuer=None
            )
        ])

    def test_crl_issuer_only(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cdp_crl_issuer.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=None,
                relative_name=None,
                reasons=None,
                crl_issuer=[x509.DirectoryName(
                    x509.Name([
                        x509.NameAttribute(
                            NameOID.COMMON_NAME, u"cryptography CA"
                        ),
                    ])
                )],
            )
        ])

    def test_crl_empty_hostname(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cdp_empty_hostname.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )

        cdps = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.CRL_DISTRIBUTION_POINTS
        ).value

        assert cdps == x509.CRLDistributionPoints([
            x509.DistributionPoint(
                full_name=[x509.UniformResourceIdentifier(
                    u"ldap:/CN=A,OU=B,dc=C,DC=D?E?F?G?H=I"
                )],
                relative_name=None,
                reasons=None,
                crl_issuer=None
            )
        ])


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestOCSPNoCheckExtension(object):
    def test_nocheck(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "ocsp_nocheck.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        ext = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.OCSP_NO_CHECK
        )
        assert isinstance(ext.value, x509.OCSPNoCheck)


class TestInhibitAnyPolicy(object):
    def test_not_int(self):
        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
            x509.InhibitAnyPolicy("notint")

    def test_negative_int(self):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(-1)

    def test_repr(self):
        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(0)
        assert repr(iap) == "<InhibitAnyPolicy(skip_certs=0)>"

    def test_eq(self):
        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
        iap2 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
        assert iap == iap2

    def test_ne(self):
        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
        iap2 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(4)
        assert iap != iap2
        assert iap != object()

    def test_hash(self):
        iap = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
        iap2 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(1)
        iap3 = x509.InhibitAnyPolicy(4)
        assert hash(iap) == hash(iap2)
        assert hash(iap) != hash(iap3)


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestInhibitAnyPolicyExtension(object):
    def test_nocheck(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "inhibit_any_policy_5.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        iap = cert.extensions.get_extension_for_oid(
            ExtensionOID.INHIBIT_ANY_POLICY
        ).value
        assert iap.skip_certs == 5


@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=RSABackend)
@pytest.mark.requires_backend_interface(interface=X509Backend)
class TestInvalidExtension(object):
    def test_invalid_certificate_policies_data(self, backend):
        cert = _load_cert(
            os.path.join(
                "x509", "custom", "cp_invalid.pem"
            ),
            x509.load_pem_x509_certificate,
            backend
        )
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
            cert.extensions