diff --git a/enum/test.py b/enum/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9edfae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/enum/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1820 @@
+from pickle import dumps, loads, PicklingError, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL
+import sys
+import unittest
+pyver = float('%s.%s' % sys.version_info[:2])
+if pyver < 2.5:
+    sys.path.insert(0, '.')
+import enum
+from enum import Enum, IntEnum, unique, EnumMeta
+
+if pyver < 2.6:
+    from __builtin__ import enumerate as bltin_enumerate
+    def enumerate(thing, start=0):
+        result = []
+        for i, item in bltin_enumerate(thing):
+            i = i + start
+            result.append((i, item))
+        return result
+
+try:
+    any
+except NameError:
+    def any(iterable):
+        for element in iterable:
+            if element:
+                return True
+        return False
+
+try:
+    unicode
+except NameError:
+    unicode = str
+
+try:
+    from collections import OrderedDict
+except ImportError:
+    OrderedDict = None
+
+# for pickle tests
+try:
+    class Stooges(Enum):
+        LARRY = 1
+        CURLY = 2
+        MOE = 3
+except Exception:
+    Stooges = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+try:
+    class IntStooges(int, Enum):
+        LARRY = 1
+        CURLY = 2
+        MOE = 3
+except Exception:
+    IntStooges = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+try:
+    class FloatStooges(float, Enum):
+        LARRY = 1.39
+        CURLY = 2.72
+        MOE = 3.142596
+except Exception:
+    FloatStooges = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+# for pickle test and subclass tests
+try:
+    class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+        'accepts only string values'
+    class Name(StrEnum):
+        BDFL = 'Guido van Rossum'
+        FLUFL = 'Barry Warsaw'
+except Exception:
+    Name = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+try:
+    Question = Enum('Question', 'who what when where why', module=__name__)
+except Exception:
+    Question = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+try:
+    Answer = Enum('Answer', 'him this then there because')
+except Exception:
+    Answer = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+try:
+    Theory = Enum('Theory', 'rule law supposition', qualname='spanish_inquisition')
+except Exception:
+    Theory = sys.exc_info()[1]
+
+# for doctests
+try:
+    class Fruit(Enum):
+        tomato = 1
+        banana = 2
+        cherry = 3
+except Exception:
+    pass
+
+def test_pickle_dump_load(assertion, source, target=None,
+        protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
+    start, stop = protocol
+    failures = []
+    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
+        try:
+            if target is None:
+                assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)) is source)
+            else:
+                assertion(loads(dumps(source, protocol=protocol)), target)
+        except Exception:
+            exc, tb = sys.exc_info()[1:]
+            failures.append('%2d: %s' %(protocol, exc))
+    if failures:
+        raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures))
+
+def test_pickle_exception(assertion, exception, obj,
+        protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)):
+    start, stop = protocol
+    failures = []
+    for protocol in range(start, stop+1):
+        try:
+            assertion(exception, dumps, obj, protocol=protocol)
+        except Exception:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            failures.append('%d: %s %s' % (protocol, exc.__class__.__name__, exc))
+    if failures:
+        raise ValueError('Failed with protocols: %s' % ', '.join(failures))
+
+
+class TestHelpers(unittest.TestCase):
+    # _is_descriptor, _is_sunder, _is_dunder
+
+    def test_is_descriptor(self):
+        class foo:
+            pass
+        for attr in ('__get__','__set__','__delete__'):
+            obj = foo()
+            self.assertFalse(enum._is_descriptor(obj))
+            setattr(obj, attr, 1)
+            self.assertTrue(enum._is_descriptor(obj))
+
+    def test_is_sunder(self):
+        for s in ('_a_', '_aa_'):
+            self.assertTrue(enum._is_sunder(s))
+
+        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '__a__', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
+                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
+            self.assertFalse(enum._is_sunder(s))
+
+    def test_is_dunder(self):
+        for s in ('__a__', '__aa__'):
+            self.assertTrue(enum._is_dunder(s))
+        for s in ('a', 'a_', '_a', '__a', 'a__', '_a_', '_a__', '__a_', '_',
+                '__', '___', '____', '_____',):
+            self.assertFalse(enum._is_dunder(s))
+
+
+class TestEnum(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+        self.Season = Season
+
+        class Konstants(float, Enum):
+            E = 2.7182818
+            PI = 3.1415926
+            TAU = 2 * PI
+        self.Konstants = Konstants
+
+        class Grades(IntEnum):
+            A = 5
+            B = 4
+            C = 3
+            D = 2
+            F = 0
+        self.Grades = Grades
+
+        class Directional(str, Enum):
+            EAST = 'east'
+            WEST = 'west'
+            NORTH = 'north'
+            SOUTH = 'south'
+        self.Directional = Directional
+
+        from datetime import date
+        class Holiday(date, Enum):
+            NEW_YEAR = 2013, 1, 1
+            IDES_OF_MARCH = 2013, 3, 15
+        self.Holiday = Holiday
+
+    if pyver >= 3.0:     # do not specify custom `dir` on previous versions
+        def test_dir_on_class(self):
+            Season = self.Season
+            self.assertEqual(
+                set(dir(Season)),
+                set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__',
+                    'SPRING', 'SUMMER', 'AUTUMN', 'WINTER']),
+                )
+
+        def test_dir_on_item(self):
+            Season = self.Season
+            self.assertEqual(
+                set(dir(Season.WINTER)),
+                set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value']),
+                )
+
+        def test_dir_with_added_behavior(self):
+            class Test(Enum):
+                this = 'that'
+                these = 'those'
+                def wowser(self):
+                    return ("Wowser! I'm %s!" % self.name)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    set(dir(Test)),
+                    set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__members__', '__module__', 'this', 'these']),
+                    )
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    set(dir(Test.this)),
+                    set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value', 'wowser']),
+                    )
+
+        def test_dir_on_sub_with_behavior_on_super(self):
+            # see issue22506
+            class SuperEnum(Enum):
+                def invisible(self):
+                    return "did you see me?"
+            class SubEnum(SuperEnum):
+                sample = 5
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    set(dir(SubEnum.sample)),
+                    set(['__class__', '__doc__', '__module__', 'name', 'value', 'invisible']),
+                    )
+
+    if pyver >= 2.7:    # OrderedDict first available here
+        def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_ordered(self):
+            class Ordered(Enum):
+                __order__ = 'first second third'
+                first = 'bippity'
+                second = 'boppity'
+                third = 'boo'
+            self.assertTrue(type(Ordered.__members__) is OrderedDict)
+
+        def test_members_is_ordereddict_if_not_ordered(self):
+            class Unordered(Enum):
+                this = 'that'
+                these = 'those'
+            self.assertTrue(type(Unordered.__members__) is OrderedDict)
+
+    if pyver >= 3.0:     # all objects are ordered in Python 2.x
+        def test_members_is_always_ordered(self):
+            class AlwaysOrdered(Enum):
+                first = 1
+                second = 2
+                third = 3
+            self.assertTrue(type(AlwaysOrdered.__members__) is OrderedDict)
+
+        def test_comparisons(self):
+            def bad_compare():
+                Season.SPRING > 4
+            Season = self.Season
+            self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, 1)
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_compare)
+
+            class Part(Enum):
+                SPRING = 1
+                CLIP = 2
+                BARREL = 3
+
+            self.assertNotEqual(Season.SPRING, Part.SPRING)
+            def bad_compare():
+                Season.SPRING < Part.CLIP
+            self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_compare)
+
+    def test_enum_in_enum_out(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertTrue(Season(Season.WINTER) is Season.WINTER)
+
+    def test_enum_value(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
+
+    def test_intenum_value(self):
+        self.assertEqual(IntStooges.CURLY.value, 2)
+
+    def test_enum(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        lst = list(Season)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(Season))
+        self.assertEqual(len(Season), 4, Season)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER], lst)
+
+        for i, season in enumerate('SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = Season(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, getattr(Season, season))
+            self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, season)
+            self.assertTrue(e in Season)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is Season)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Season))
+            self.assertEqual(str(e), 'Season.' + season)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    repr(e),
+                    '<Season.%s: %s>' % (season, i),
+                    )
+
+    def test_value_name(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.name, 'SPRING')
+        self.assertEqual(Season.SPRING.value, 1)
+        def set_name(obj, new_value):
+            obj.name = new_value
+        def set_value(obj, new_value):
+            obj.value = new_value
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_name, Season.SPRING, 'invierno', )
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, set_value, Season.SPRING, 2)
+
+    def test_attribute_deletion(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+
+            def spam(cls):
+                pass
+
+        self.assertTrue(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
+        del Season.spam
+        self.assertFalse(hasattr(Season, 'spam'))
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'SPRING')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season, 'DRY')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, delattr, Season.SPRING, 'name')
+
+    def test_bool_of_class(self):
+        class Empty(Enum):
+            pass
+        self.assertTrue(bool(Empty))
+
+    def test_bool_of_member(self):
+        class Count(Enum):
+            zero = 0
+            one = 1
+            two = 2
+        for member in Count:
+            self.assertTrue(bool(member))
+
+    def test_invalid_names(self):
+        def create_bad_class_1():
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                mro = 9
+        def create_bad_class_2():
+            class Wrong(Enum):
+                _reserved_ = 3
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_1)
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, create_bad_class_2)
+
+    def test_contains(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertTrue(Season.AUTUMN in Season)
+        self.assertTrue(3 not in Season)
+
+        val = Season(3)
+        self.assertTrue(val in Season)
+
+        class OtherEnum(Enum):
+            one = 1; two = 2
+        self.assertTrue(OtherEnum.two not in Season)
+
+    if pyver >= 2.6:     # when `format` came into being
+
+        def test_format_enum(self):
+            Season = self.Season
+            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                             '{0}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+            self.assertEqual( '{0:}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                              '{0:}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+            self.assertEqual('{0:20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                             '{0:20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+            self.assertEqual('{0:^20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                             '{0:^20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+            self.assertEqual('{0:>20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                             '{0:>20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+            self.assertEqual('{0:<20}'.format(Season.SPRING),
+                             '{0:<20}'.format(str(Season.SPRING)))
+
+        def test_format_enum_custom(self):
+            class TestFloat(float, Enum):
+                one = 1.0
+                two = 2.0
+                def __format__(self, spec):
+                    return 'TestFloat success!'
+            self.assertEqual('{0}'.format(TestFloat.one), 'TestFloat success!')
+
+        def assertFormatIsValue(self, spec, member):
+            self.assertEqual(spec.format(member), spec.format(member.value))
+
+        def test_format_enum_date(self):
+            Holiday = self.Holiday
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:%Y %m %M:00}', Holiday.IDES_OF_MARCH)
+
+        def test_format_enum_float(self):
+            Konstants = self.Konstants
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:n}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:5.2}', Konstants.TAU)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:f}', Konstants.TAU)
+
+        def test_format_enum_int(self):
+            Grades = self.Grades
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:+}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:08X}', Grades.C)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:b}', Grades.C)
+
+        def test_format_enum_str(self):
+            Directional = self.Directional
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0}', Directional.WEST)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:}', Directional.WEST)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:20}', Directional.WEST)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:^20}', Directional.WEST)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:>20}', Directional.WEST)
+            self.assertFormatIsValue('{0:<20}', Directional.WEST)
+
+    def test_hash(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        dates = {}
+        dates[Season.WINTER] = '1225'
+        dates[Season.SPRING] = '0315'
+        dates[Season.SUMMER] = '0704'
+        dates[Season.AUTUMN] = '1031'
+        self.assertEqual(dates[Season.AUTUMN], '1031')
+
+    def test_enum_duplicates(self):
+        _order_ = "SPRING SUMMER AUTUMN WINTER"
+        class Season(Enum):
+            SPRING = 1
+            SUMMER = 2
+            AUTUMN = FALL = 3
+            WINTER = 4
+            ANOTHER_SPRING = 1
+        lst = list(Season)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            lst,
+            [Season.SPRING, Season.SUMMER,
+             Season.AUTUMN, Season.WINTER,
+            ])
+        self.assertTrue(Season.FALL is Season.AUTUMN)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.value, 3)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.AUTUMN.value, 3)
+        self.assertTrue(Season(3) is Season.AUTUMN)
+        self.assertTrue(Season(1) is Season.SPRING)
+        self.assertEqual(Season.FALL.name, 'AUTUMN')
+        self.assertEqual(
+                set([k for k,v in Season.__members__.items() if v.name != k]),
+                set(['FALL', 'ANOTHER_SPRING']),
+                )
+
+    if pyver >= 3.0:
+        cls = vars()
+        result = {'Enum':Enum}
+        exec("""def test_duplicate_name(self):
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                class Color(Enum):
+                    red = 1
+                    green = 2
+                    blue = 3
+                    red = 4
+
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                class Color(Enum):
+                    red = 1
+                    green = 2
+                    blue = 3
+                    def red(self):
+                        return 'red'
+
+            with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+                class Color(Enum):
+                    @property
+
+                    def red(self):
+                        return 'redder'
+                    red = 1
+                    green = 2
+                    blue = 3""",
+            result)
+        cls['test_duplicate_name'] = result['test_duplicate_name']
+
+    def test_enum_with_value_name(self):
+        class Huh(Enum):
+            name = 1
+            value = 2
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(Huh),
+            [Huh.name, Huh.value],
+            )
+        self.assertTrue(type(Huh.name) is Huh)
+        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.name, 'name')
+        self.assertEqual(Huh.name.value, 1)
+
+    def test_intenum_from_scratch(self):
+        class phy(int, Enum):
+            pi = 3
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_intenum_inherited(self):
+        class IntEnum(int, Enum):
+            pass
+        class phy(IntEnum):
+            pi = 3
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_floatenum_from_scratch(self):
+        class phy(float, Enum):
+            pi = 3.1415926
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_floatenum_inherited(self):
+        class FloatEnum(float, Enum):
+            pass
+        class phy(FloatEnum):
+            pi = 3.1415926
+            tau = 2 * pi
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_strenum_from_scratch(self):
+        class phy(str, Enum):
+            pi = 'Pi'
+            tau = 'Tau'
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_strenum_inherited(self):
+        class StrEnum(str, Enum):
+            pass
+        class phy(StrEnum):
+            pi = 'Pi'
+            tau = 'Tau'
+        self.assertTrue(phy.pi < phy.tau)
+
+    def test_intenum(self):
+        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
+            SUNDAY = 1
+            MONDAY = 2
+            TUESDAY = 3
+            WEDNESDAY = 4
+            THURSDAY = 5
+            FRIDAY = 6
+            SATURDAY = 7
+
+        self.assertEqual(['a', 'b', 'c'][WeekDay.MONDAY], 'c')
+        self.assertEqual([i for i in range(WeekDay.TUESDAY)], [0, 1, 2])
+
+        lst = list(WeekDay)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(WeekDay))
+        self.assertEqual(len(WeekDay), 7)
+        target = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
+        target = target.split()
+        for i, weekday in enumerate(target):
+            i += 1
+            e = WeekDay(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e), i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, weekday)
+            self.assertTrue(e in WeekDay)
+            self.assertEqual(lst.index(e)+1, i)
+            self.assertTrue(0 < e < 8)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is WeekDay)
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, int))
+            self.assertTrue(isinstance(e, Enum))
+
+    def test_intenum_duplicates(self):
+        class WeekDay(IntEnum):
+            __order__ = 'SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY'
+            SUNDAY = 1
+            MONDAY = 2
+            TUESDAY = TEUSDAY = 3
+            WEDNESDAY = 4
+            THURSDAY = 5
+            FRIDAY = 6
+            SATURDAY = 7
+        self.assertTrue(WeekDay.TEUSDAY is WeekDay.TUESDAY)
+        self.assertEqual(WeekDay(3).name, 'TUESDAY')
+        self.assertEqual([k for k,v in WeekDay.__members__.items()
+                if v.name != k], ['TEUSDAY', ])
+
+    def test_pickle_enum(self):
+        if isinstance(Stooges, Exception):
+            raise Stooges
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges.CURLY)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Stooges)
+
+    def test_pickle_int(self):
+        if isinstance(IntStooges, Exception):
+            raise IntStooges
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges.CURLY)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, IntStooges)
+
+    def test_pickle_float(self):
+        if isinstance(FloatStooges, Exception):
+            raise FloatStooges
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges.CURLY)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, FloatStooges)
+
+    def test_pickle_enum_function(self):
+        if isinstance(Answer, Exception):
+            raise Answer
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer.him)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Answer)
+
+    def test_pickle_enum_function_with_module(self):
+        if isinstance(Question, Exception):
+            raise Question
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question.who)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Question)
+
+    if pyver == 3.4:
+        def test_class_nested_enum_and_pickle_protocol_four(self):
+            # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace
+            class NestedEnum(Enum):
+                twigs = 'common'
+                shiny = 'rare'
+
+            self.__class__.NestedEnum = NestedEnum
+            self.NestedEnum.__qualname__ = '%s.NestedEnum' % self.__class__.__name__
+            test_pickle_exception(
+                    self.assertRaises, PicklingError, self.NestedEnum.twigs,
+                    protocol=(0, 3))
+            test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, self.NestedEnum.twigs,
+                    protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
+
+    elif pyver == 3.5:
+        def test_class_nested_enum_and_pickle_protocol_four(self):
+            # would normally just have this directly in the class namespace
+            class NestedEnum(Enum):
+                twigs = 'common'
+                shiny = 'rare'
+
+            self.__class__.NestedEnum = NestedEnum
+            self.NestedEnum.__qualname__ = '%s.NestedEnum' % self.__class__.__name__
+            test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, self.NestedEnum.twigs,
+                    protocol=(0, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
+
+    def test_exploding_pickle(self):
+        BadPickle = Enum('BadPickle', 'dill sweet bread-n-butter')
+        enum._make_class_unpicklable(BadPickle)
+        globals()['BadPickle'] = BadPickle
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, BadPickle.dill)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, BadPickle)
+
+    def test_string_enum(self):
+        class SkillLevel(str, Enum):
+            master = 'what is the sound of one hand clapping?'
+            journeyman = 'why did the chicken cross the road?'
+            apprentice = 'knock, knock!'
+        self.assertEqual(SkillLevel.apprentice, 'knock, knock!')
+
+    def test_getattr_getitem(self):
+        class Period(Enum):
+            morning = 1
+            noon = 2
+            evening = 3
+            night = 4
+        self.assertTrue(Period(2) is Period.noon)
+        self.assertTrue(getattr(Period, 'night') is Period.night)
+        self.assertTrue(Period['morning'] is Period.morning)
+
+    def test_getattr_dunder(self):
+        Season = self.Season
+        self.assertTrue(getattr(Season, '__hash__'))
+
+    def test_iteration_order(self):
+        class Season(Enum):
+            _order_ = 'SUMMER WINTER AUTUMN SPRING'
+            SUMMER = 2
+            WINTER = 4
+            AUTUMN = 3
+            SPRING = 1
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(Season),
+                [Season.SUMMER, Season.WINTER, Season.AUTUMN, Season.SPRING],
+                )
+
+    def test_iteration_order_reversed(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(reversed(self.Season)),
+                [self.Season.WINTER, self.Season.AUTUMN, self.Season.SUMMER,
+                 self.Season.SPRING]
+                )
+
+    def test_iteration_order_with_unorderable_values(self):
+        class Complex(Enum):
+            a = complex(7, 9)
+            b = complex(3.14, 2)
+            c = complex(1, -1)
+            d = complex(-77, 32)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                list(Complex),
+                [Complex.a, Complex.b, Complex.c, Complex.d],
+                )
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string_with_start(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', start=10)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 10):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string_list(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'])
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_string_list_with_start(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', ['june', 'july', 'august'], start=20)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 20):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_iterable(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                (('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_from_dict(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                dict((('june', 1), ('july', 2), ('august', 3)))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        if pyver < 3.0:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                    lst,
+                    )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type_with_start(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', type=int, start=30)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 30):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass(self):
+        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august')
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_type_from_subclass_with_start(self):
+        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', 'june july august', start=40)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate('june july august'.split(), 40):
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_unicode(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'))
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_unicode_list(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', [unicode('june'), unicode('july'), unicode('august')])
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_unicode_iterable(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                ((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_from_unicode_dict(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum(
+                'SummerMonth',
+                dict(((unicode('june'), 1), (unicode('july'), 2), (unicode('august'), 3)))
+                )
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        if pyver < 3.0:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                    [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                    lst,
+                    )
+        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(int(e.value), i)
+            self.assertNotEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_unicode_type(self):
+        SummerMonth = Enum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'), type=int)
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programatic_function_unicode_type_from_subclass(self):
+        SummerMonth = IntEnum('SummerMonth', unicode('june july august'))
+        lst = list(SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+        self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+        self.assertEqual(
+                [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                lst,
+                )
+        for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+            i += 1
+            e = SummerMonth(i)
+            self.assertEqual(e, i)
+            self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+            self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+            self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_programmatic_function_unicode_class(self):
+        if pyver < 3.0:
+            class_names = unicode('SummerMonth'), 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'.decode('latin1')
+        else:
+            class_names = 'SummerMonth', 'S\xfcmm\xe9rM\xf6nth'
+        for i, class_name in enumerate(class_names):
+            if pyver < 3.0 and i == 1:
+                self.assertRaises(TypeError, Enum, class_name, unicode('june july august'))
+            else:
+                SummerMonth = Enum(class_name, unicode('june july august'))
+                lst = list(SummerMonth)
+                self.assertEqual(len(lst), len(SummerMonth))
+                self.assertEqual(len(SummerMonth), 3, SummerMonth)
+                self.assertEqual(
+                        [SummerMonth.june, SummerMonth.july, SummerMonth.august],
+                        lst,
+                        )
+                for i, month in enumerate(unicode('june july august').split()):
+                    i += 1
+                    e = SummerMonth(i)
+                    self.assertEqual(e.value, i)
+                    self.assertEqual(e.name, month)
+                    self.assertTrue(e in SummerMonth)
+                    self.assertTrue(type(e) is SummerMonth)
+
+    def test_subclassing(self):
+        if isinstance(Name, Exception):
+            raise Name
+        self.assertEqual(Name.BDFL, 'Guido van Rossum')
+        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL, Name('Guido van Rossum'))
+        self.assertTrue(Name.BDFL is getattr(Name, 'BDFL'))
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, Name.BDFL)
+
+    def test_extending(self):
+        def bad_extension():
+            class Color(Enum):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+            class MoreColor(Color):
+                cyan = 4
+                magenta = 5
+                yellow = 6
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension)
+
+    def test_exclude_methods(self):
+        class whatever(Enum):
+            this = 'that'
+            these = 'those'
+            def really(self):
+                return 'no, not %s' % self.value
+        self.assertFalse(type(whatever.really) is whatever)
+        self.assertEqual(whatever.this.really(), 'no, not that')
+
+    def test_wrong_inheritance_order(self):
+        def wrong_inherit():
+            class Wrong(Enum, str):
+                NotHere = 'error before this point'
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, wrong_inherit)
+
+    def test_intenum_transitivity(self):
+        class number(IntEnum):
+            one = 1
+            two = 2
+            three = 3
+        class numero(IntEnum):
+            uno = 1
+            dos = 2
+            tres = 3
+        self.assertEqual(number.one, numero.uno)
+        self.assertEqual(number.two, numero.dos)
+        self.assertEqual(number.three, numero.tres)
+
+    def test_introspection(self):
+        class Number(IntEnum):
+            one = 100
+            two = 200
+        self.assertTrue(Number.one._member_type_ is int)
+        self.assertTrue(Number._member_type_ is int)
+        class String(str, Enum):
+            yarn = 'soft'
+            rope = 'rough'
+            wire = 'hard'
+        self.assertTrue(String.yarn._member_type_ is str)
+        self.assertTrue(String._member_type_ is str)
+        class Plain(Enum):
+            vanilla = 'white'
+            one = 1
+        self.assertTrue(Plain.vanilla._member_type_ is object)
+        self.assertTrue(Plain._member_type_ is object)
+
+    def test_wrong_enum_in_call(self):
+        class Monochrome(Enum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(Enum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)
+
+    def test_wrong_enum_in_mixed_call(self):
+        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(Enum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Monochrome, Gender.male)
+
+    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_1(self):
+        class Monochrome(IntEnum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(IntEnum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.female) is Monochrome.white)
+
+    def test_mixed_enum_in_call_2(self):
+        class Monochrome(Enum):
+            black = 0
+            white = 1
+        class Gender(IntEnum):
+            male = 0
+            female = 1
+        self.assertTrue(Monochrome(Gender.male) is Monochrome.black)
+
+    def test_flufl_enum(self):
+        class Fluflnum(Enum):
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self.value)
+        class MailManOptions(Fluflnum):
+            option1 = 1
+            option2 = 2
+            option3 = 3
+        self.assertEqual(int(MailManOptions.option1), 1)
+
+    def test_no_such_enum_member(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, Color, 4)
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, Color.__getitem__, 'chartreuse')
+
+    def test_new_repr(self):
+        class Color(Enum):
+            red = 1
+            green = 2
+            blue = 3
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "don't you just love shades of %s?" % self.name
+        self.assertEqual(
+                repr(Color.blue),
+                "don't you just love shades of blue?",
+                )
+
+    def test_inherited_repr(self):
+        class MyEnum(Enum):
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return "My name is %s." % self.name
+        class MyIntEnum(int, MyEnum):
+            this = 1
+            that = 2
+            theother = 3
+        self.assertEqual(repr(MyIntEnum.that), "My name is that.")
+
+    def test_multiple_mixin_mro(self):
+        class auto_enum(EnumMeta):
+            def __new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict):
+                original_dict = classdict
+                classdict = enum._EnumDict()
+                for k, v in original_dict.items():
+                    classdict[k] = v
+                temp = type(classdict)()
+                names = set(classdict._member_names)
+                i = 0
+                for k in classdict._member_names:
+                    v = classdict[k]
+                    if v == ():
+                        v = i
+                    else:
+                        i = v
+                    i += 1
+                    temp[k] = v
+                for k, v in classdict.items():
+                    if k not in names:
+                        temp[k] = v
+                return super(auto_enum, metacls).__new__(
+                        metacls, cls, bases, temp)
+
+        AutoNumberedEnum = auto_enum('AutoNumberedEnum', (Enum,), {})
+
+        AutoIntEnum = auto_enum('AutoIntEnum', (IntEnum,), {})
+
+        class TestAutoNumber(AutoNumberedEnum):
+            a = ()
+            b = 3
+            c = ()
+
+        class TestAutoInt(AutoIntEnum):
+            a = ()
+            b = 3
+            c = ()
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'  # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                if len(args) < 1:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __getnewargs__(self):
+                return self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'  # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)
+
+    if pyver >= 3.4:
+        def test_subclasses_with_getnewargs_ex(self):
+            class NamedInt(int):
+                __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+                def __new__(cls, *args):
+                    _args = args
+                    if len(args) < 2:
+                        raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                    name, args = args[0], args[1:]
+                    self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                    self._intname = name
+                    self._args = _args
+                    return self
+                def __getnewargs_ex__(self):
+                    return self._args, {}
+                @property
+                def __name__(self):
+                    return self._intname
+                def __repr__(self):
+                    # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                    return "{}({!r}, {})".format(type(self).__name__,
+                                                 self.__name__,
+                                                 int.__repr__(self))
+                def __str__(self):
+                    # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                    base = int
+                    base_str = base.__str__
+                    if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                        return base.__repr__(self)
+                    return base_str(self)
+                # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+                # propagates expressions
+                def __add__(self, other):
+                    temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                    if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                        return NamedInt(
+                            '({0} + {1})'.format(self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                            temp )
+                    else:
+                        return temp
+
+            class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+                __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+                x = ('the-x', 1)
+                y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+            self.assertIs(NEI.__new__, Enum.__new__)
+            self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+            globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+            globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+            NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+            self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+            test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
+            self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+            test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y, protocol=(4, HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_reduce(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                if len(args) < 1:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __reduce__(self):
+                return self.__class__, self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)
+
+    def test_subclasses_with_reduce_ex(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'       # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                if len(args) < 1:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+                return self.__class__, self._args
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'      # needed for pickle protocol 4
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+
+        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertEqual, NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)
+
+    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+
+        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, TypeError, NEI.x)
+        test_pickle_exception(self.assertRaises, PicklingError, NEI)
+
+    def test_subclasses_without_direct_pickle_support_using_name(self):
+        class NamedInt(int):
+            __qualname__ = 'NamedInt'
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                _args = args
+                name, args = args[0], args[1:]
+                if len(args) == 0:
+                    raise TypeError("name and value must be specified")
+                self = int.__new__(cls, *args)
+                self._intname = name
+                self._args = _args
+                return self
+            @property
+            def __name__(self):
+                return self._intname
+            def __repr__(self):
+                # repr() is updated to include the name and type info
+                return "%s(%r, %s)" % (type(self).__name__,
+                                             self.__name__,
+                                             int.__repr__(self))
+            def __str__(self):
+                # str() is unchanged, even if it relies on the repr() fallback
+                base = int
+                base_str = base.__str__
+                if base_str.__objclass__ is object:
+                    return base.__repr__(self)
+                return base_str(self)
+            # for simplicity, we only define one operator that
+            # propagates expressions
+            def __add__(self, other):
+                temp = int(self) + int( other)
+                if isinstance(self, NamedInt) and isinstance(other, NamedInt):
+                    return NamedInt(
+                        '(%s + %s)' % (self.__name__, other.__name__),
+                        temp )
+                else:
+                    return temp
+
+        class NEI(NamedInt, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'NEI'
+            x = ('the-x', 1)
+            y = ('the-y', 2)
+            def __reduce_ex__(self, proto):
+                return getattr, (self.__class__, self._name_)
+
+        self.assertTrue(NEI.__new__ is Enum.__new__)
+        self.assertEqual(repr(NEI.x + NEI.y), "NamedInt('(the-x + the-y)', 3)")
+        globals()['NamedInt'] = NamedInt
+        globals()['NEI'] = NEI
+        NI5 = NamedInt('test', 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NI5, 5)
+        self.assertEqual(NEI.y.value, 2)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI.y)
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, NEI)
+
+    def test_tuple_subclass(self):
+        class SomeTuple(tuple, Enum):
+            __qualname__ = 'SomeTuple'
+            first = (1, 'for the money')
+            second = (2, 'for the show')
+            third = (3, 'for the music')
+        self.assertTrue(type(SomeTuple.first) is SomeTuple)
+        self.assertTrue(isinstance(SomeTuple.second, tuple))
+        self.assertEqual(SomeTuple.third, (3, 'for the music'))
+        globals()['SomeTuple'] = SomeTuple
+        test_pickle_dump_load(self.assertTrue, SomeTuple.first)
+
+    def test_duplicate_values_give_unique_enum_items(self):
+        class AutoNumber(Enum):
+            __order__ = 'enum_m enum_d enum_y'
+            enum_m = ()
+            enum_d = ()
+            enum_y = ()
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self._value_)
+        self.assertEqual(int(AutoNumber.enum_d), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(AutoNumber.enum_y.value, 3)
+        self.assertTrue(AutoNumber(1) is AutoNumber.enum_m)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(AutoNumber),
+            [AutoNumber.enum_m, AutoNumber.enum_d, AutoNumber.enum_y],
+            )
+
+    def test_inherited_new_from_enhanced_enum(self):
+        class AutoNumber2(Enum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+            def __int__(self):
+                return int(self._value_)
+        class Color(AutoNumber2):
+            _order_ = 'red green blue'
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3))
+        self.assertEqual(list(Color), [Color.red, Color.green, Color.blue])
+        if pyver >= 3.0:
+            self.assertEqual(list(map(int, Color)), [1, 2, 3])
+
+    def test_inherited_new_from_mixed_enum(self):
+        class AutoNumber3(IntEnum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = len(cls.__members__) + 1
+                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+        class Color(AutoNumber3):
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(len(Color), 3, "wrong number of elements: %d (should be %d)" % (len(Color), 3))
+        Color.red
+        Color.green
+        Color.blue
+
+    def test_equality(self):
+        class AlwaysEqual:
+            def __eq__(self, other):
+                return True
+        class OrdinaryEnum(Enum):
+            a = 1
+        self.assertEqual(AlwaysEqual(), OrdinaryEnum.a)
+        self.assertEqual(OrdinaryEnum.a, AlwaysEqual())
+
+    def test_ordered_mixin(self):
+        class OrderedEnum(Enum):
+            def __ge__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ >= other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __gt__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ > other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __le__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ <= other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+            def __lt__(self, other):
+                if self.__class__ is other.__class__:
+                    return self._value_ < other._value_
+                return NotImplemented
+        class Grade(OrderedEnum):
+            __order__ = 'A B C D F'
+            A = 5
+            B = 4
+            C = 3
+            D = 2
+            F = 1
+        self.assertEqual(list(Grade), [Grade.A, Grade.B, Grade.C, Grade.D, Grade.F])
+        self.assertTrue(Grade.A > Grade.B)
+        self.assertTrue(Grade.F <= Grade.C)
+        self.assertTrue(Grade.D < Grade.A)
+        self.assertTrue(Grade.B >= Grade.B)
+
+    def test_extending2(self):
+        def bad_extension():
+            class Shade(Enum):
+                def shade(self):
+                    print(self.name)
+            class Color(Shade):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+            class MoreColor(Color):
+                cyan = 4
+                magenta = 5
+                yellow = 6
+        self.assertRaises(TypeError, bad_extension)
+
+    def test_extending3(self):
+        class Shade(Enum):
+            def shade(self):
+                return self.name
+        class Color(Shade):
+            def hex(self):
+                return '%s hexlified!' % self.value
+        class MoreColor(Color):
+            cyan = 4
+            magenta = 5
+            yellow = 6
+        self.assertEqual(MoreColor.magenta.hex(), '5 hexlified!')
+
+    def test_no_duplicates(self):
+        def bad_duplicates():
+            class UniqueEnum(Enum):
+                def __init__(self, *args):
+                    cls = self.__class__
+                    if any(self.value == e.value for e in cls):
+                        a = self.name
+                        e = cls(self.value).name
+                        raise ValueError(
+                                "aliases not allowed in UniqueEnum:  %r --> %r"
+                                % (a, e)
+                                )
+            class Color(UniqueEnum):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+            class Color(UniqueEnum):
+                red = 1
+                green = 2
+                blue = 3
+                grene = 2
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, bad_duplicates)
+
+    def test_init(self):
+        class Planet(Enum):
+            MERCURY = (3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)
+            VENUS   = (4.869e+24, 6.0518e6)
+            EARTH   = (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6)
+            MARS    = (6.421e+23, 3.3972e6)
+            JUPITER = (1.9e+27,   7.1492e7)
+            SATURN  = (5.688e+26, 6.0268e7)
+            URANUS  = (8.686e+25, 2.5559e7)
+            NEPTUNE = (1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
+            def __init__(self, mass, radius):
+                self.mass = mass       # in kilograms
+                self.radius = radius   # in meters
+            @property
+            def surface_gravity(self):
+                # universal gravitational constant  (m3 kg-1 s-2)
+                G = 6.67300E-11
+                return G * self.mass / (self.radius * self.radius)
+        self.assertEqual(round(Planet.EARTH.surface_gravity, 2), 9.80)
+        self.assertEqual(Planet.EARTH.value, (5.976e+24, 6.37814e6))
+
+    def test_nonhash_value(self):
+        class AutoNumberInAList(Enum):
+            def __new__(cls):
+                value = [len(cls.__members__) + 1]
+                obj = object.__new__(cls)
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+        class ColorInAList(AutoNumberInAList):
+            _order_ = 'red green blue'
+            red = ()
+            green = ()
+            blue = ()
+        self.assertEqual(list(ColorInAList), [ColorInAList.red, ColorInAList.green, ColorInAList.blue])
+        self.assertEqual(ColorInAList.red.value, [1])
+        self.assertEqual(ColorInAList([1]), ColorInAList.red)
+
+    def test_conflicting_types_resolved_in_new(self):
+        class LabelledIntEnum(int, Enum):
+            def __new__(cls, *args):
+                value, label = args
+                obj = int.__new__(cls, value)
+                obj.label = label
+                obj._value_ = value
+                return obj
+
+        class LabelledList(LabelledIntEnum):
+            unprocessed = (1, "Unprocessed")
+            payment_complete = (2, "Payment Complete")
+
+        self.assertEqual(list(LabelledList), [LabelledList.unprocessed, LabelledList.payment_complete])
+        self.assertEqual(LabelledList.unprocessed, 1)
+        self.assertEqual(LabelledList(1), LabelledList.unprocessed)
+
+    def test_empty_with_functional_api(self):
+        empty = enum.IntEnum('Foo', {})
+        self.assertEqual(len(empty), 0)
+
+
+class TestUnique(unittest.TestCase):
+    """2.4 doesn't allow class decorators, use function syntax."""
+
+    def test_unique_clean(self):
+        class Clean(Enum):
+            one = 1
+            two = 'dos'
+            tres = 4.0
+        unique(Clean)
+        class Cleaner(IntEnum):
+            single = 1
+            double = 2
+            triple = 3
+        unique(Cleaner)
+
+    def test_unique_dirty(self):
+        try:
+            class Dirty(Enum):
+                __order__ = 'one two tres'
+                one = 1
+                two = 'dos'
+                tres = 1
+            unique(Dirty)
+        except ValueError:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            message = exc.args[0]
+        self.assertTrue('tres -> one' in message)
+
+        try:
+            class Dirtier(IntEnum):
+                _order_ = 'single double triple turkey'
+                single = 1
+                double = 1
+                triple = 3
+                turkey = 3
+            unique(Dirtier)
+        except ValueError:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            message = exc.args[0]
+        self.assertTrue('double -> single' in message)
+        self.assertTrue('turkey -> triple' in message)
+
+
+class TestMe(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    pass
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()