oauth2client/appengine.py

# Copyright (C) 2010 Google Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Utilities for Google App Engine

Utilities for making it easier to use OAuth 2.0 on Google App Engine.
"""

__author__ = 'jcgregorio@google.com (Joe Gregorio)'

import base64
import httplib2
import logging
import pickle
import time

try: # pragma: no cover
  import simplejson
except ImportError: # pragma: no cover
  try:
    # Try to import from django, should work on App Engine
    from django.utils import simplejson
  except ImportError:
    # Should work for Python2.6 and higher.
    import json as simplejson

import clientsecrets

from client import AccessTokenRefreshError
from client import AssertionCredentials
from client import Credentials
from client import Flow
from client import OAuth2WebServerFlow
from client import Storage
from google.appengine.api import memcache
from google.appengine.api import users
from google.appengine.api.app_identity import app_identity
from google.appengine.ext import db
from google.appengine.ext import webapp
from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import login_required
from google.appengine.ext.webapp.util import run_wsgi_app

OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE = 'oauth2client#ns'


class InvalidClientSecretsError(Exception):
  """The client_secrets.json file is malformed or missing required fields."""
  pass


class AppAssertionCredentials(AssertionCredentials):
  """Credentials object for App Engine Assertion Grants

  This object will allow an App Engine application to identify itself to Google
  and other OAuth 2.0 servers that can verify assertions. It can be used for
  the purpose of accessing data stored under an account assigned to the App
  Engine application itself. The algorithm used for generating the assertion is
  the Signed JSON Web Token (JWT) algorithm. Additional details can be found at
  the following link:

  http://self-issued.info/docs/draft-jones-json-web-token.html

  This credential does not require a flow to instantiate because it represents
  a two legged flow, and therefore has all of the required information to
  generate and refresh its own access tokens.

  AssertionFlowCredentials objects may be safely pickled and unpickled.
  """

  def __init__(self, scope,
      audience='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token',
      assertion_type='http://oauth.net/grant_type/jwt/1.0/bearer',
      token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token', **kwargs):
    """Constructor for AppAssertionCredentials

    Args:
      scope: string, scope of the credentials being requested.
      audience: string, The audience, or verifier of the assertion.  For
        convenience defaults to Google's audience.
      assertion_type: string, Type name that will identify the format of the
        assertion string.  For convience, defaults to the JSON Web Token (JWT)
        assertion type string.
      token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience
        defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used.
    """
    self.scope = scope
    self.audience = audience
    self.app_name = app_identity.get_service_account_name()

    super(AppAssertionCredentials, self).__init__(
        assertion_type,
        None,
        token_uri)

  @classmethod
  def from_json(cls, json):
    data = simplejson.loads(json)
    retval = AccessTokenCredentials(
        data['scope'],
        data['audience'],
        data['assertion_type'],
        data['token_uri'])
    return retval

  def _generate_assertion(self):
    header = {
      'typ': 'JWT',
      'alg': 'RS256',
    }

    now = int(time.time())
    claims = {
      'aud': self.audience,
      'scope': self.scope,
      'iat': now,
      'exp': now + 3600,
      'iss': self.app_name,
    }

    jwt_components = [base64.b64encode(simplejson.dumps(seg))
        for seg in [header, claims]]

    base_str = ".".join(jwt_components)
    key_name, signature = app_identity.sign_blob(base_str)
    jwt_components.append(base64.b64encode(signature))
    return ".".join(jwt_components)


class FlowProperty(db.Property):
  """App Engine datastore Property for Flow.

  Utility property that allows easy storage and retreival of an
  oauth2client.Flow"""

  # Tell what the user type is.
  data_type = Flow

  # For writing to datastore.
  def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance):
    flow = super(FlowProperty,
                 self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance)
    return db.Blob(pickle.dumps(flow))

  # For reading from datastore.
  def make_value_from_datastore(self, value):
    if value is None:
      return None
    return pickle.loads(value)

  def validate(self, value):
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Flow):
      raise db.BadValueError('Property %s must be convertible '
                          'to a FlowThreeLegged instance (%s)' %
                          (self.name, value))
    return super(FlowProperty, self).validate(value)

  def empty(self, value):
    return not value


class CredentialsProperty(db.Property):
  """App Engine datastore Property for Credentials.

  Utility property that allows easy storage and retrieval of
  oath2client.Credentials
  """

  # Tell what the user type is.
  data_type = Credentials

  # For writing to datastore.
  def get_value_for_datastore(self, model_instance):
    logging.info("get: Got type " + str(type(model_instance)))
    cred = super(CredentialsProperty,
                 self).get_value_for_datastore(model_instance)
    if cred is None:
      cred = ''
    else:
      cred = cred.to_json()
    return db.Blob(cred)

  # For reading from datastore.
  def make_value_from_datastore(self, value):
    logging.info("make: Got type " + str(type(value)))
    if value is None:
      return None
    if len(value) == 0:
      return None
    credentials = None
    try:
      credentials = Credentials.new_from_json(value)
    except ValueError:
      try:
        credentials = pickle.loads(value)
      except ValueError:
        credentials = None
    return credentials

  def validate(self, value):
    value = super(CredentialsProperty, self).validate(value)
    logging.info("validate: Got type " + str(type(value)))
    if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Credentials):
      raise db.BadValueError('Property %s must be convertible '
                          'to a Credentials instance (%s)' %
                            (self.name, value))
    #if value is not None and not isinstance(value, Credentials):
    #  return None
    return value


class StorageByKeyName(Storage):
  """Store and retrieve a single credential to and from
  the App Engine datastore.

  This Storage helper presumes the Credentials
  have been stored as a CredenialsProperty
  on a datastore model class, and that entities
  are stored by key_name.
  """

  def __init__(self, model, key_name, property_name, cache=None):
    """Constructor for Storage.

    Args:
      model: db.Model, model class
      key_name: string, key name for the entity that has the credentials
      property_name: string, name of the property that is a CredentialsProperty
      cache: memcache, a write-through cache to put in front of the datastore
    """
    self._model = model
    self._key_name = key_name
    self._property_name = property_name
    self._cache = cache

  def locked_get(self):
    """Retrieve Credential from datastore.

    Returns:
      oauth2client.Credentials
    """
    if self._cache:
      json = self._cache.get(self._key_name)
      if json:
        return Credentials.new_from_json(json)
    entity = self._model.get_or_insert(self._key_name)
    credential = getattr(entity, self._property_name)
    if credential and hasattr(credential, 'set_store'):
      credential.set_store(self)
      if self._cache:
        self._cache.set(self._key_name, credentials.to_json())

    return credential

  def locked_put(self, credentials):
    """Write a Credentials to the datastore.

    Args:
      credentials: Credentials, the credentials to store.
    """
    entity = self._model.get_or_insert(self._key_name)
    setattr(entity, self._property_name, credentials)
    entity.put()
    if self._cache:
      self._cache.set(self._key_name, credentials.to_json())


class CredentialsModel(db.Model):
  """Storage for OAuth 2.0 Credentials

  Storage of the model is keyed by the user.user_id().
  """
  credentials = CredentialsProperty()


class OAuth2Decorator(object):
  """Utility for making OAuth 2.0 easier.

  Instantiate and then use with oauth_required or oauth_aware
  as decorators on webapp.RequestHandler methods.

  Example:

    decorator = OAuth2Decorator(
        client_id='837...ent.com',
        client_secret='Qh...wwI',
        scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/buzz')


    class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler):

      @decorator.oauth_required
      def get(self):
        http = decorator.http()
        # http is authorized with the user's Credentials and can be used
        # in API calls

  """

  def __init__(self, client_id, client_secret, scope,
               auth_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth',
               token_uri='https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token',
               message=None):

    """Constructor for OAuth2Decorator

    Args:
      client_id: string, client identifier.
      client_secret: string client secret.
      scope: string or list of strings, scope(s) of the credentials being
        requested.
      auth_uri: string, URI for authorization endpoint. For convenience
        defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used.
      token_uri: string, URI for token endpoint. For convenience
        defaults to Google's endpoints but any OAuth 2.0 provider can be used.
      message: Message to display if there are problems with the OAuth 2.0
        configuration. The message may contain HTML and will be presented on the
        web interface for any method that uses the decorator.
    """
    self.flow = OAuth2WebServerFlow(client_id, client_secret, scope, None,
        auth_uri, token_uri)
    self.credentials = None
    self._request_handler = None
    self._message = message
    self._in_error = False

  def _display_error_message(self, request_handler):
    request_handler.response.out.write('<html><body>')
    request_handler.response.out.write(self._message)
    request_handler.response.out.write('</body></html>')

  def oauth_required(self, method):
    """Decorator that starts the OAuth 2.0 dance.

    Starts the OAuth dance for the logged in user if they haven't already
    granted access for this application.

    Args:
      method: callable, to be decorated method of a webapp.RequestHandler
        instance.
    """

    def check_oauth(request_handler, *args):
      if self._in_error:
        self._display_error_message(request_handler)
        return

      user = users.get_current_user()
      # Don't use @login_decorator as this could be used in a POST request.
      if not user:
        request_handler.redirect(users.create_login_url(
            request_handler.request.uri))
        return
      # Store the request URI in 'state' so we can use it later
      self.flow.params['state'] = request_handler.request.url
      self._request_handler = request_handler
      self.credentials = StorageByKeyName(
          CredentialsModel, user.user_id(), 'credentials').get()

      if not self.has_credentials():
        return request_handler.redirect(self.authorize_url())
      try:
        method(request_handler, *args)
      except AccessTokenRefreshError:
        return request_handler.redirect(self.authorize_url())

    return check_oauth

  def oauth_aware(self, method):
    """Decorator that sets up for OAuth 2.0 dance, but doesn't do it.

    Does all the setup for the OAuth dance, but doesn't initiate it.
    This decorator is useful if you want to create a page that knows
    whether or not the user has granted access to this application.
    From within a method decorated with @oauth_aware the has_credentials()
    and authorize_url() methods can be called.

    Args:
      method: callable, to be decorated method of a webapp.RequestHandler
        instance.
    """

    def setup_oauth(request_handler, *args):
      if self._in_error:
        self._display_error_message(request_handler)
        return

      user = users.get_current_user()
      # Don't use @login_decorator as this could be used in a POST request.
      if not user:
        request_handler.redirect(users.create_login_url(
            request_handler.request.uri))
        return


      self.flow.params['state'] = request_handler.request.url
      self._request_handler = request_handler
      self.credentials = StorageByKeyName(
          CredentialsModel, user.user_id(), 'credentials').get()
      method(request_handler, *args)
    return setup_oauth

  def has_credentials(self):
    """True if for the logged in user there are valid access Credentials.

    Must only be called from with a webapp.RequestHandler subclassed method
    that had been decorated with either @oauth_required or @oauth_aware.
    """
    return self.credentials is not None and not self.credentials.invalid

  def authorize_url(self):
    """Returns the URL to start the OAuth dance.

    Must only be called from with a webapp.RequestHandler subclassed method
    that had been decorated with either @oauth_required or @oauth_aware.
    """
    callback = self._request_handler.request.relative_url('/oauth2callback')
    url = self.flow.step1_get_authorize_url(callback)
    user = users.get_current_user()
    memcache.set(user.user_id(), pickle.dumps(self.flow),
                 namespace=OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE)
    return url

  def http(self):
    """Returns an authorized http instance.

    Must only be called from within an @oauth_required decorated method, or
    from within an @oauth_aware decorated method where has_credentials()
    returns True.
    """
    return self.credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())


class OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets(OAuth2Decorator):
  """An OAuth2Decorator that builds from a clientsecrets file.

  Uses a clientsecrets file as the source for all the information when
  constructing an OAuth2Decorator.

  Example:

    decorator = OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets(
      os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'client_secrets.json')
      scope='https://www.googleapis.com/auth/buzz')


    class MainHandler(webapp.RequestHandler):

      @decorator.oauth_required
      def get(self):
        http = decorator.http()
        # http is authorized with the user's Credentials and can be used
        # in API calls
  """

  def __init__(self, filename, scope, message=None):
    """Constructor

    Args:
      filename: string, File name of client secrets.
      scope: string, Space separated list of scopes.
      message: string, A friendly string to display to the user if the
        clientsecrets file is missing or invalid. The message may contain HTML and
        will be presented on the web interface for any method that uses the
        decorator.
    """
    try:
      client_type, client_info = clientsecrets.loadfile(filename)
      if client_type not in [clientsecrets.TYPE_WEB, clientsecrets.TYPE_INSTALLED]:
        raise InvalidClientSecretsError('OAuth2Decorator doesn\'t support this OAuth 2.0 flow.')
      super(OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets,
            self).__init__(
                client_info['client_id'],
                client_info['client_secret'],
                scope,
                client_info['auth_uri'],
                client_info['token_uri'],
                message)
    except clientsecrets.InvalidClientSecretsError:
      self._in_error = True
    if message is not None:
      self._message = message
    else:
      self._message = "Please configure your application for OAuth 2.0"


def oauth2decorator_from_clientsecrets(filename, scope, message=None):
  """Creates an OAuth2Decorator populated from a clientsecrets file.

  Args:
    filename: string, File name of client secrets.
    scope: string, Space separated list of scopes.
    message: string, A friendly string to display to the user if the
      clientsecrets file is missing or invalid. The message may contain HTML and
      will be presented on the web interface for any method that uses the
      decorator.

  Returns: An OAuth2Decorator

  """
  return OAuth2DecoratorFromClientSecrets(filename, scope, message)


class OAuth2Handler(webapp.RequestHandler):
  """Handler for the redirect_uri of the OAuth 2.0 dance."""

  @login_required
  def get(self):
    error = self.request.get('error')
    if error:
      errormsg = self.request.get('error_description', error)
      self.response.out.write(
          'The authorization request failed: %s' % errormsg)
    else:
      user = users.get_current_user()
      flow = pickle.loads(memcache.get(user.user_id(),
                                       namespace=OAUTH2CLIENT_NAMESPACE))
      # This code should be ammended with application specific error
      # handling. The following cases should be considered:
      # 1. What if the flow doesn't exist in memcache? Or is corrupt?
      # 2. What if the step2_exchange fails?
      if flow:
        credentials = flow.step2_exchange(self.request.params)
        StorageByKeyName(
            CredentialsModel, user.user_id(), 'credentials').put(credentials)
        self.redirect(self.request.get('state'))
      else:
        # TODO Add error handling here.
        pass


application = webapp.WSGIApplication([('/oauth2callback', OAuth2Handler)])


def main():
  run_wsgi_app(application)