Add certificate validation. Work initially started by Christoph Kern.
diff --git a/python2/httplib2/__init__.py b/python2/httplib2/__init__.py
index f3801b7..1c27e00 100644
--- a/python2/httplib2/__init__.py
+++ b/python2/httplib2/__init__.py
@@ -62,9 +62,27 @@
# Build the appropriate socket wrapper for ssl
try:
import ssl # python 2.6
- _ssl_wrap_socket = ssl.wrap_socket
+ ssl_SSLError = ssl.SSLError
+ def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file,
+ disable_validation, ca_certs):
+ if disable_validation:
+ cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_NONE
+ else:
+ cert_reqs = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+ # We should be specifying SSL version 3 or TLS v1, but the ssl module
+ # doesn't expose the necessary knobs. So we need to go with the default
+ # of SSLv23.
+ return ssl.wrap_socket(sock, keyfile=key_file, certfile=cert_file,
+ cert_reqs=cert_reqs, ca_certs=ca_certs)
except (AttributeError, ImportError):
- def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file):
+ ssl_SSLError = None
+ def _ssl_wrap_socket(sock, key_file, cert_file,
+ disable_validation, ca_certs):
+ if not disable_validation:
+ raise CertificateValidationUnsupported(
+ "SSL certificate validation is not supported without "
+ "the ssl module installed. To avoid this error, install "
+ "the ssl module, or explicity disable validation.")
ssl_sock = socket.ssl(sock, key_file, cert_file)
return httplib.FakeSocket(sock, ssl_sock)
@@ -127,6 +145,13 @@
class RelativeURIError(HttpLib2Error): pass
class ServerNotFoundError(HttpLib2Error): pass
class ProxiesUnavailableError(HttpLib2Error): pass
+class CertificateValidationUnsupported(HttpLib2Error): pass
+class SSLHandshakeError(HttpLib2Error): pass
+class CertificateHostnameMismatch(SSLHandshakeError):
+ def __init__(self, desc, host, cert):
+ HttpLib2Error.__init__(self, desc)
+ self.host = host
+ self.cert = cert
# Open Items:
# -----------
@@ -150,6 +175,10 @@
# requesting that URI again.
DEFAULT_MAX_REDIRECTS = 5
+# Default CA certificates file bundled with httplib2.
+CA_CERTS = os.path.join(
+ os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__ )), "cacerts.txt")
+
# Which headers are hop-by-hop headers by default
HOP_BY_HOP = ['connection', 'keep-alive', 'proxy-authenticate', 'proxy-authorization', 'te', 'trailers', 'transfer-encoding', 'upgrade']
@@ -776,11 +805,68 @@
http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout
"""
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
- strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None):
+ strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None,
+ ca_certs=None, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False):
httplib.HTTPSConnection.__init__(self, host, port=port, key_file=key_file,
cert_file=cert_file, strict=strict)
self.timeout = timeout
self.proxy_info = proxy_info
+ if ca_certs is None:
+ ca_certs = CA_CERTS
+ self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+ self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = \
+ disable_ssl_certificate_validation
+
+ # The following two methods were adapted from https_wrapper.py, released
+ # with the Google Appengine SDK at
+ # http://googleappengine.googlecode.com/svn-history/r136/trunk/python/google/appengine/tools/https_wrapper.py
+ # under the following license:
+ #
+ # Copyright 2007 Google Inc.
+ #
+ # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ # You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ #
+ # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ #
+ # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ # limitations under the License.
+ #
+
+ def _GetValidHostsForCert(self, cert):
+ """Returns a list of valid host globs for an SSL certificate.
+
+ Args:
+ cert: A dictionary representing an SSL certificate.
+ Returns:
+ list: A list of valid host globs.
+ """
+ if 'subjectAltName' in cert:
+ return [x[1] for x in cert['subjectAltName']
+ if x[0].lower() == 'dns']
+ else:
+ return [x[0][1] for x in cert['subject']
+ if x[0][0].lower() == 'commonname']
+
+ def _ValidateCertificateHostname(self, cert, hostname):
+ """Validates that a given hostname is valid for an SSL certificate.
+
+ Args:
+ cert: A dictionary representing an SSL certificate.
+ hostname: The hostname to test.
+ Returns:
+ bool: Whether or not the hostname is valid for this certificate.
+ """
+ hosts = self._GetValidHostsForCert(cert)
+ for host in hosts:
+ host_re = host.replace('.', '\.').replace('*', '[^.]*')
+ if re.search('^%s$' % (host_re,), hostname, re.I):
+ return True
+ return False
def connect(self):
"Connect to a host on a given (SSL) port."
@@ -799,9 +885,32 @@
if has_timeout(self.timeout):
sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
- self.sock =_ssl_wrap_socket(sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file)
+ self.sock =_ssl_wrap_socket(
+ sock, self.key_file, self.cert_file,
+ self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation, self.ca_certs)
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print "connect: (%s, %s)" % (self.host, self.port)
+ if not self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation:
+ cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
+ hostname = self.host.split(':', 0)[0]
+ if not self._ValidateCertificateHostname(cert, hostname):
+ raise CertificateHostnameMismatch(
+ 'Server presented certificate that does not match '
+ 'host %s: %s' % (hostname, cert), hostname, cert)
+ except ssl_SSLError, e:
+ if sock:
+ sock.close()
+ if self.sock:
+ self.sock.close()
+ self.sock = None
+ # Unfortunately the ssl module doesn't seem to provide any way
+ # to get at more detailed error information, in particular
+ # whether the error is due to certificate validation or
+ # something else (such as SSL protocol mismatch).
+ if e.errno == ssl.SSL_ERROR_SSL:
+ raise SSLHandshakeError(e)
+ else:
+ raise
except socket.error, msg:
if self.debuglevel > 0:
print 'connect fail:', (self.host, self.port)
@@ -824,7 +933,6 @@
from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import InvalidURLError
from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import DownloadError
from google.appengine.api.urlfetch import ResponseTooLargeError
- import logging
class ResponseDict(dict):
@@ -841,14 +949,16 @@
just another wrapper around urlfetch.
"""
def __init__(self, host, port=None, key_file=None, cert_file=None,
- strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None):
+ strict=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None, ca_certs=None,
+ disable_certificate_validation=False):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.timeout = timeout
- if key_file or cert_file or proxy_info:
+ if key_file or cert_file or proxy_info or ca_certs:
raise NotSupportedOnThisPlatform()
self.response = None
self.scheme = 'http'
+ self.validate_certificate = not disable_certificate_validation
def request(self, method, url, body, headers):
# Calculate the absolute URI, which fetch requires
@@ -857,9 +967,10 @@
netloc = '%s:%s' % (self.host, self.port)
absolute_uri = '%s://%s%s' % (self.scheme, netloc, url)
try:
- response = fetch(absolute_uri, payload=body, method=method, headers=headers,
- allow_truncated=False, follow_redirects=False,
- deadline=self.timeout, validate_certificate=True)
+ response = fetch(absolute_uri, payload=body, method=method,
+ headers=headers, allow_truncated=False, follow_redirects=False,
+ deadline=self.timeout,
+ validate_certificate=self.validate_certificate)
self.response = ResponseDict(response.headers)
self.response['status'] = response.status_code
setattr(self.response, 'read', lambda : response.content)
@@ -914,7 +1025,8 @@
and more.
"""
- def __init__(self, cache=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None):
+ def __init__(self, cache=None, timeout=None, proxy_info=None,
+ ca_certs=None, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False):
"""
The value of proxy_info is a ProxyInfo instance.
@@ -926,8 +1038,19 @@
then Python's default timeout for sockets will be used. See
for example the docs of socket.setdefaulttimeout():
http://docs.python.org/library/socket.html#socket.setdefaulttimeout
+
+ ca_certs is the path of a file containing root CA certificates for SSL
+ server certificate validation. By default, a CA cert file bundled with
+ httplib2 is used.
+
+ If disable_ssl_certificate_validation is true, SSL cert validation will
+ not be performed.
"""
self.proxy_info = proxy_info
+ self.ca_certs = ca_certs
+ self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation = \
+ disable_ssl_certificate_validation
+
# Map domain name to an httplib connection
self.connections = {}
# The location of the cache, for now a directory
@@ -992,12 +1115,17 @@
def _conn_request(self, conn, request_uri, method, body, headers):
for i in range(2):
try:
+ if conn.sock is None:
+ conn.connect()
conn.request(method, request_uri, body, headers)
except socket.timeout:
raise
except socket.gaierror:
conn.close()
raise ServerNotFoundError("Unable to find the server at %s" % conn.host)
+ except ssl_SSLError:
+ conn.close()
+ raise
except socket.error, e:
err = 0
if hasattr(e, 'args'):
@@ -1165,11 +1293,26 @@
if not connection_type:
connection_type = SCHEME_TO_CONNECTION[scheme]
certs = list(self.certificates.iter(authority))
- if scheme == 'https' and certs:
- conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(authority, key_file=certs[0][0],
- cert_file=certs[0][1], timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info)
+ if issubclass(connection_type, HTTPSConnectionWithTimeout):
+ if certs:
+ conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(
+ authority, key_file=certs[0][0],
+ cert_file=certs[0][1], timeout=self.timeout,
+ proxy_info=self.proxy_info,
+ ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+ disable_ssl_certificate_validation=
+ self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation)
+ else:
+ conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(
+ authority, timeout=self.timeout,
+ proxy_info=self.proxy_info,
+ ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
+ disable_ssl_certificate_validation=
+ self.disable_ssl_certificate_validation)
else:
- conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(authority, timeout=self.timeout, proxy_info=self.proxy_info)
+ conn = self.connections[conn_key] = connection_type(
+ authority, timeout=self.timeout,
+ proxy_info=self.proxy_info)
conn.set_debuglevel(debuglevel)
if 'range' not in headers and 'accept-encoding' not in headers:
diff --git a/python2/httplib2/cacerts.txt b/python2/httplib2/cacerts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e65f21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python2/httplib2/cacerts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+# Certifcate Authority certificates for validating SSL connections.
+#
+# This file contains PEM format certificates generated from
+# http://mxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+#
+# ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+# Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
+#
+# The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+# 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+#
+# Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+# for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+# License.
+#
+# The Original Code is the Netscape security libraries.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1994-2000
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#
+# Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
+# either the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"), or
+# the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),
+# in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead
+# of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only
+# under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to
+# use your version of this file under the terms of the MPL, indicate your
+# decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice
+# and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete
+# the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under
+# the terms of any one of the MPL, the GPL or the LGPL.
+#
+# ***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+
+Verisign/RSA Secure Server CA
+=============================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIICNDCCAaECEAKtZn5ORf5eV288mBle3cAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQECBQAwXzELMAkG
+A1UEBhMCVVMxIDAeBgNVBAoTF1JTQSBEYXRhIFNlY3VyaXR5LCBJbmMuMS4wLAYD
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+1/p3yjkWWW8O6tO1g39NTUJWdrTJXwT4OPjr0l91X817/OWOgHz8UA==
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+Thawte Personal Basic CA
+========================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIDITCCAoqgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCByzELMAkGA1UEBhMCWkEx
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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+Thawte Personal Premium CA
+==========================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+Thawte Personal Freemail CA
+===========================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+
+Thawte Server CA
+================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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+hnacRHr2lVz2XTIIM6RUthg/aFzyQkqFOFSDX9HoLPKsEdao7WNq
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
+
+Entrust.net Secure Server Certification Authority
+=================================================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIE2DCCBEGgAwIBAgIEN0rSQzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADCBwzELMAkGA1UEBhMC
+VVMxFDASBgNVBAoTC0VudHJ1c3QubmV0MTswOQYDVQQLEzJ3d3cuZW50cnVzdC5u
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+95K+8cPV1ZVqBLssziY2ZcgxxufuP+NXdYR6Ee9GTxj005i7qIcyunL2POI9n9cd
+2cNgQ4xYDiKWL2KjLB+6rQXvqzJ4h6BUcxm1XAX5Uj5tLUUL9wqT6u0G+bI=
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/python2/httplib2/test/other_cacerts.txt b/python2/httplib2/test/other_cacerts.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..360954a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python2/httplib2/test/other_cacerts.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# Certifcate Authority certificates for validating SSL connections.
+#
+# This file contains PEM format certificates generated from
+# http://mxr.mozilla.org/seamonkey/source/security/nss/lib/ckfw/builtins/certdata.txt
+#
+# ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK *****
+# Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
+#
+# The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version
+# 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
+# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
+#
+# Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License
+# for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the
+# License.
+#
+# The Original Code is the Netscape security libraries.
+#
+# The Initial Developer of the Original Code is
+# Netscape Communications Corporation.
+# Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 1994-2000
+# the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Contributor(s):
+#
+# Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
+# either the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"), or
+# the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),
+# in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead
+# of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only
+# under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to
+# use your version of this file under the terms of the MPL, indicate your
+# decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice
+# and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete
+# the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under
+# the terms of any one of the MPL, the GPL or the LGPL.
+#
+# ***** END LICENSE BLOCK *****
+
+
+Comodo CA Limited, CN=Trusted Certificate Services
+==================================================
+
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIEQzCCAyugAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADB/MQswCQYDVQQGEwJHQjEb
+MBkGA1UECAwSR3JlYXRlciBNYW5jaGVzdGVyMRAwDgYDVQQHDAdTYWxmb3JkMRow
+GAYDVQQKDBFDb21vZG8gQ0EgTGltaXRlZDElMCMGA1UEAwwcVHJ1c3RlZCBDZXJ0
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+fhdyFgymBwwbOM/JYrc/oJOlh0Hyt3BAd9i+FHzjqMB6juljatEPmsbS9Is6FARW
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+ZG9jYS5jb20vVHJ1c3RlZENlcnRpZmljYXRlU2VydmljZXMuY3JsMDqgOKA2hjRo
+dHRwOi8vY3JsLmNvbW9kby5uZXQvVHJ1c3RlZENlcnRpZmljYXRlU2VydmljZXMu
+Y3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4IBAQDIk4E7ibSvuIQSTI3S8NtwuleGFTQQuS9/
+HrCoiWChisJ3DFBKmwCL2Iv0QeLQg4pKHBQGsKNoBXAxMKdTmw7pSqBYaWcOrp32
+pSxBvzwGa+RZzG0Q8ZZvH9/0BAKkn0U+yNj6NkZEUD+Cl5EfKNsYEYwq5GWDVxIS
+jBc/lDb+XbDABHcTuPQV1T84zJQ6VdCsmPW6AF/ghhmBeC8owH7TzEIK9a5QoNE+
+xqFx7D+gIIxmOom0jtTYsU0lR+4viMi14QVFwL4Ucd56/Y57fU0IlqUSc/Atyjcn
+dBInTMu2l+nZrghtWjlA3QVHdWpaIbOjGM9O9y5Xt5hwXsjEeLBi
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/python2/httplib2test.py b/python2/httplib2test.py
index e505150..9a9e792 100755
--- a/python2/httplib2test.py
+++ b/python2/httplib2test.py
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
import unittest
import urlparse
+try:
+ import ssl
+except ImportError:
+ pass
# Python 2.3 support
if not hasattr(unittest.TestCase, 'assertTrue'):
@@ -121,6 +125,7 @@
self.port = port
self.timeout = timeout
self.log = ""
+ self.sock = None
def set_debuglevel(self, level):
pass
@@ -143,7 +148,14 @@
def setUp(self):
if os.path.exists(cacheDirName):
[os.remove(os.path.join(cacheDirName, file)) for file in os.listdir(cacheDirName)]
- self.http = httplib2.Http(cacheDirName)
+
+ if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
+ disable_cert_validation = True
+ else:
+ disable_cert_validation = False
+ self.http = httplib2.Http(
+ cacheDirName,
+ disable_ssl_certificate_validation=disable_cert_validation)
self.http.clear_credentials()
def testIPv6NoSSL(self):
@@ -439,7 +451,7 @@
def testGetViaHttps(self):
# Test that we can handle HTTPS
- (response, content) = self.http.request("https://google.com/adsense/", "GET")
+ (response, content) = self.http.request("https://www.google.com/adsense/", "GET")
self.assertEqual(200, response.status)
def testGetViaHttpsSpecViolationOnLocation(self):
@@ -447,17 +459,54 @@
# even if they violate the spec by including
# a relative Location: header instead of an
# absolute one.
- (response, content) = self.http.request("https://google.com/adsense", "GET")
+ (response, content) = self.http.request("https://www.google.com/adsense", "GET")
self.assertEqual(200, response.status)
self.assertNotEqual(None, response.previous)
+ def testSslCertValidation(self):
+ if sys.version_info >= (2, 6):
+ # Test that we get an ssl.SSLError when specifying a non-existent CA
+ # certs file.
+ http = httplib2.Http(ca_certs='/nosuchfile')
+ self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError,
+ http.request, "https://www.google.com/", "GET")
+
+ # Test that we get a SSLHandshakeError if we try to access
+ # https;//www.google.com, using a CA cert file that doesn't contain
+ # the CA Gogole uses (i.e., simulating a cert that's not signed by a
+ # trusted CA).
+ other_ca_certs = os.path.join(
+ os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(httplib2.__file__ )),
+ "test", "other_cacerts.txt")
+ http = httplib2.Http(ca_certs=other_ca_certs)
+ self.assertRaises(httplib2.SSLHandshakeError,
+ http.request, "https://www.google.com/", "GET")
+
+ def testSslHostnameValidation(self):
+ if sys.version_info >= (2, 6):
+ # The SSL server at google.com:443 returns a certificate for
+ # 'www.google.com', which results in a host name mismatch.
+ # Note that this test only works because the ssl module and httplib2
+ # do not support SNI; for requests specifying a server name of
+ # 'google.com' via SNI, a matching cert would be returned.
+ self.assertRaises(httplib2.CertificateHostnameMismatch,
+ self.http.request, "https://google.com/", "GET")
+
+ def testSslCertValidationWithoutSslModuleFails(self):
+ if sys.version_info < (2, 6):
+ http = httplib2.Http(disable_ssl_certificate_validation=False)
+ self.assertRaises(httplib2.CertificateValidationUnsupported,
+ http.request, "https://www.google.com/", "GET")
def testGetViaHttpsKeyCert(self):
# At this point I can only test
# that the key and cert files are passed in
# correctly to httplib. It would be nice to have
# a real https endpoint to test against.
- http = httplib2.Http(timeout=2)
+
+ # bitworking.org presents an certificate for a non-matching host
+ # (*.webfaction.com), so we need to disable cert checking for this test.
+ http = httplib2.Http(timeout=2, disable_ssl_certificate_validation=True)
http.add_certificate("akeyfile", "acertfile", "bitworking.org")
try: