Update all remaining tests to new test styles

This udpates all the remaining tests to the new test suite code and
comment styles started in #898.  For the most part, the test coverage
here is unchanged, with a few minor exceptions as noted below.

- test_constants_and_functions: this adds more overload tests with
  overloads with different number of arguments for more comprehensive
  overload_cast testing.  The test style conversion broke the overload
  tests under MSVC 2015, prompting the additional tests while looking
  for a workaround.

- test_eigen: this dropped the unused functions `get_cm_corners` and
  `get_cm_corners_const`--these same tests were duplicates of the same
  things provided (and used) via ReturnTester methods.

- test_opaque_types: this test had a hidden dependence on ExampleMandA
  which is now fixed by using the global UserType which suffices for the
  relevant test.

- test_methods_and_attributes: this required some additions to UserType
  to make it usable as a replacement for the test's previous SimpleType:
  UserType gained a value mutator, and the `value` property is not
  mutable (it was previously readonly).  Some overload tests were also
  added to better test overload_cast (as described above).

- test_numpy_array: removed the untemplated mutate_data/mutate_data_t:
  the templated versions with an empty parameter pack expand to the same
  thing.

- test_stl: this was already mostly in the new style; this just tweaks
  things a bit, localizing a class, and adding some missing
  `// test_whatever` comments.

- test_virtual_functions: like `test_stl`, this was mostly in the new
  test style already, but needed some `// test_whatever` comments.
  This commit also moves the inherited virtual example code to the end
  of the file, after the main set of tests (since it is less important
  than the other tests, and rather length); it also got renamed to
  `test_inherited_virtuals` (from `test_inheriting_repeat`) because it
  tests both inherited virtual approaches, not just the repeat approach.
diff --git a/tests/test_callbacks.cpp b/tests/test_callbacks.cpp
index f26f6c3..273eacc 100644
--- a/tests/test_callbacks.cpp
+++ b/tests/test_callbacks.cpp
@@ -12,94 +12,20 @@
 #include <pybind11/functional.h>
 
 
-py::object test_callback1(py::object func) {
-    return func();
-}
-
-py::tuple test_callback2(py::object func) {
-    return func("Hello", 'x', true, 5);
-}
-
-std::string test_callback3(const std::function<int(int)> &func) {
-    return "func(43) = " + std::to_string(func(43));
-}
-
-std::function<int(int)> test_callback4() {
-    return [](int i) { return i+1; };
-}
-
-py::cpp_function test_callback5() {
-    return py::cpp_function([](int i) { return i+1; },
-       py::arg("number"));
-}
-
 int dummy_function(int i) { return i + 1; }
-int dummy_function2(int i, int j) { return i + j; }
-std::function<int(int)> roundtrip(std::function<int(int)> f, bool expect_none = false) {
-    if (expect_none && f) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("Expected None to be converted to empty std::function");
-    }
-    return f;
-}
 
-std::string test_dummy_function(const std::function<int(int)> &f) {
-    using fn_type = int (*)(int);
-    auto result = f.target<fn_type>();
-    if (!result) {
-        auto r = f(1);
-        return "can't convert to function pointer: eval(1) = " + std::to_string(r);
-    } else if (*result == dummy_function) {
-        auto r = (*result)(1);
-        return "matches dummy_function: eval(1) = " + std::to_string(r);
-    } else {
-        return "argument does NOT match dummy_function. This should never happen!";
-    }
-}
+TEST_SUBMODULE(callbacks, m) {
+    // test_callbacks, test_function_signatures
+    m.def("test_callback1", [](py::object func) { return func(); });
+    m.def("test_callback2", [](py::object func) { return func("Hello", 'x', true, 5); });
+    m.def("test_callback3", [](const std::function<int(int)> &func) {
+        return "func(43) = " + std::to_string(func(43)); });
+    m.def("test_callback4", []() -> std::function<int(int)> { return [](int i) { return i+1; }; });
+    m.def("test_callback5", []() {
+        return py::cpp_function([](int i) { return i+1; }, py::arg("number"));
+    });
 
-struct Payload {
-    Payload() {
-        print_default_created(this);
-    }
-    ~Payload() {
-        print_destroyed(this);
-    }
-    Payload(const Payload &) {
-        print_copy_created(this);
-    }
-    Payload(Payload &&) {
-        print_move_created(this);
-    }
-};
-
-class AbstractBase {
-public:
-  virtual unsigned int func() = 0;
-};
-
-void func_accepting_func_accepting_base(std::function<double(AbstractBase&)>) { }
-
-struct MovableObject {
-  bool valid = true;
-
-  MovableObject() = default;
-  MovableObject(const MovableObject &) = default;
-  MovableObject &operator=(const MovableObject &) = default;
-  MovableObject(MovableObject &&o) : valid(o.valid) { o.valid = false; }
-  MovableObject &operator=(MovableObject &&o) {
-    valid = o.valid;
-    o.valid = false;
-    return *this;
-  }
-};
-
-test_initializer callbacks([](py::module &m) {
-    m.def("test_callback1", &test_callback1);
-    m.def("test_callback2", &test_callback2);
-    m.def("test_callback3", &test_callback3);
-    m.def("test_callback4", &test_callback4);
-    m.def("test_callback5", &test_callback5);
-
-    // Test keyword args and generalized unpacking
+    // test_keyword_args_and_generalized_unpacking
     m.def("test_tuple_unpacking", [](py::function f) {
         auto t1 = py::make_tuple(2, 3);
         auto t2 = py::make_tuple(5, 6);
@@ -148,6 +74,15 @@
         f(234, "expected_name"_a=UnregisteredType(), "kw"_a=567);
     });
 
+    // test_lambda_closure_cleanup
+    struct Payload {
+        Payload() { print_default_created(this); }
+        ~Payload() { print_destroyed(this); }
+        Payload(const Payload &) { print_copy_created(this); }
+        Payload(Payload &&) { print_move_created(this); }
+    };
+    // Export the payload constructor statistics for testing purposes:
+    m.def("payload_cstats", &ConstructorStats::get<Payload>);
     /* Test cleanup of lambda closure */
     m.def("test_cleanup", []() -> std::function<void(void)> {
         Payload p;
@@ -158,27 +93,57 @@
         };
     });
 
+    // test_cpp_function_roundtrip
     /* Test if passing a function pointer from C++ -> Python -> C++ yields the original pointer */
     m.def("dummy_function", &dummy_function);
-    m.def("dummy_function2", &dummy_function2);
-    m.def("roundtrip", &roundtrip, py::arg("f"), py::arg("expect_none")=false);
-    m.def("test_dummy_function", &test_dummy_function);
-    // Export the payload constructor statistics for testing purposes:
-    m.def("payload_cstats", &ConstructorStats::get<Payload>);
+    m.def("dummy_function2", [](int i, int j) { return i + j; });
+    m.def("roundtrip", [](std::function<int(int)> f, bool expect_none = false) {
+        if (expect_none && f)
+            throw std::runtime_error("Expected None to be converted to empty std::function");
+        return f;
+    }, py::arg("f"), py::arg("expect_none")=false);
+    m.def("test_dummy_function", [](const std::function<int(int)> &f) -> std::string {
+        using fn_type = int (*)(int);
+        auto result = f.target<fn_type>();
+        if (!result) {
+            auto r = f(1);
+            return "can't convert to function pointer: eval(1) = " + std::to_string(r);
+        } else if (*result == dummy_function) {
+            auto r = (*result)(1);
+            return "matches dummy_function: eval(1) = " + std::to_string(r);
+        } else {
+            return "argument does NOT match dummy_function. This should never happen!";
+        }
+    });
 
-    m.def("func_accepting_func_accepting_base",
-          func_accepting_func_accepting_base);
+    class AbstractBase { public: virtual unsigned int func() = 0; };
+    m.def("func_accepting_func_accepting_base", [](std::function<double(AbstractBase&)>) { });
 
+    struct MovableObject {
+        bool valid = true;
+
+        MovableObject() = default;
+        MovableObject(const MovableObject &) = default;
+        MovableObject &operator=(const MovableObject &) = default;
+        MovableObject(MovableObject &&o) : valid(o.valid) { o.valid = false; }
+        MovableObject &operator=(MovableObject &&o) {
+            valid = o.valid;
+            o.valid = false;
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
     py::class_<MovableObject>(m, "MovableObject");
 
+    // test_movable_object
     m.def("callback_with_movable", [](std::function<void(MovableObject &)> f) {
         auto x = MovableObject();
         f(x); // lvalue reference shouldn't move out object
         return x.valid; // must still return `true`
-      });
+    });
 
+    // test_bound_method_callback
     struct CppBoundMethodTest {};
     py::class_<CppBoundMethodTest>(m, "CppBoundMethodTest")
         .def(py::init<>())
         .def("triple", [](CppBoundMethodTest &, int val) { return 3 * val; });
-});
+}