feat: drop CMake 3.6 and below, modernize CMake

fix: include PYTHON_IS_DEBUG
diff --git a/tools/pybind11Tools.cmake b/tools/pybind11Tools.cmake
index be536e6..3a141dd 100644
--- a/tools/pybind11Tools.cmake
+++ b/tools/pybind11Tools.cmake
@@ -5,56 +5,41 @@
 # All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
 # BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.7)
+
+# VERSION 3.7...3.18, but some versions of VS have a patched CMake 3.11
+# that do not work properly with this syntax, so using the following workaround:
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.18)
+    cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
+else()
+    cmake_policy(VERSION 3.18)
+endif()
 
 # Add a CMake parameter for choosing a desired Python version
 if(NOT PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION)
-  set(PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION "" CACHE STRING "Python version to use for compiling modules")
+    set(PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION "" CACHE STRING "Python version to use for compiling modules")
 endif()
 
-set(Python_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS 3.9 3.8 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4)
+# A user can set versions manually too
+set(Python_ADDITIONAL_VERSIONS "3.9;3.8;3.7;3.6;3.5;3.4" CACHE INTERNAL "")
 find_package(PythonLibsNew ${PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION} REQUIRED)
 
 include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
 include(CMakeParseArguments)
 
 # Use the language standards abstraction if CMake supports it with the current compiler
-if(NOT CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.1)
-  if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
-    if(CMAKE_CXX14_STANDARD_COMPILE_OPTION)
-      set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
-    elseif(CMAKE_CXX11_STANDARD_COMPILE_OPTION)
-      set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+if(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD)
+    message(WARNING "USE -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 instead of PYBIND11_PYTHON_VERSION")
+    if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
+        string(REGEX MATCH
+            [=[..^]=]
+            VAL
+            "${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD}")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD ${VAL})
     endif()
-  endif()
-  if(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
-  endif()
 endif()
 
-# Fall back to heuristics
-if(NOT PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
-  if(MSVC)
-    set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD /std:c++14)
-  else()
-    check_cxx_compiler_flag("-std=c++14" HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
-    if(HAS_CPP14_FLAG)
-      set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD -std=c++14)
-    else()
-      check_cxx_compiler_flag("-std=c++11" HAS_CPP11_FLAG)
-      if(HAS_CPP11_FLAG)
-        set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD -std=c++11)
-      endif()
-    endif()
-  endif()
 
-  if(NOT PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD)
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported compiler -- pybind11 requires C++11 support!")
-  endif()
-  set(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD ${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD} CACHE STRING
-      "C++ standard flag, e.g. -std=c++11, -std=c++14, /std:c++14.  Defaults to C++14 mode." FORCE)
-endif()
 
 # Checks whether the given CXX/linker flags can compile and link a cxx file.  cxxflags and
 # linkerflags are lists of flags to use.  The result variable is a unique variable name for each set
@@ -117,16 +102,18 @@
 
   # Enable LTO flags if found, except for Debug builds
   if (PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS)
-    target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE "$<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:${PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS}>")
+    set(not_debug "$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>")
+    set(cxx_lang "$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>")
+    target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE "$<$<AND:${not_debug},${cxx_lang}>:${PYBIND11_LTO_CXX_FLAGS}>")
   endif()
   if (PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS)
-    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE "$<$<NOT:$<CONFIG:Debug>>:${PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS}>")
+    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE "$<${not_debug}:${PYBIND11_LTO_LINKER_FLAGS}>")
   endif()
 endfunction()
 
 # Build a Python extension module:
 # pybind11_add_module(<name> [MODULE | SHARED] [EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL]
-#                     [NO_EXTRAS] [SYSTEM] [THIN_LTO] source1 [source2 ...])
+#                     [NO_EXTRAS] [THIN_LTO] source1 [source2 ...])
 #
 function(pybind11_add_module target_name)
   set(options MODULE SHARED EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL NO_EXTRAS SYSTEM THIN_LTO)
@@ -148,29 +135,13 @@
 
   add_library(${target_name} ${lib_type} ${exclude_from_all} ${ARG_UNPARSED_ARGUMENTS})
 
+  target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE pybind11::module)
+
   if(ARG_SYSTEM)
-    set(inc_isystem SYSTEM)
-  else()
-    set(inc_isystem "")
+      message(STATUS "Warning: this does not have an effect - use NO_SYSTEM_FROM_IMPORTED if using imported targets")
   endif()
 
-  set(PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR_SELECTED "")
-  if(PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR)
-    # from project CMakeLists.txt
-    set(PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR_SELECTED ${PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR})
-  elseif(pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR)
-    # from pybind11Config
-    set(PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR_SELECTED ${pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR})
-  else()
-    message(FATAL "No pybind11_INCLUDE_DIR available. Use "
-      "find_package(pybind11) before calling pybind11_add_module.")
-  endif()
-
-  target_include_directories(${target_name} ${inc_isystem}
-    PRIVATE ${PYBIND11_INCLUDE_DIR_SELECTED}
-    PRIVATE ${PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-
-  # Python debug libraries expose slightly different objects
+  # Python debug libraries expose slightly different objects before 3.8
   # https://docs.python.org/3.6/c-api/intro.html#debugging-builds
   # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39161202/how-to-work-around-missing-pymodule-create2-in-amd64-win-python35-d-lib
   if(PYTHON_IS_DEBUG)
@@ -189,54 +160,25 @@
   set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET "hidden")
   set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES CUDA_VISIBILITY_PRESET "hidden")
 
-  if(WIN32 OR CYGWIN)
-    # Link against the Python shared library on Windows
-    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE ${PYTHON_LIBRARIES})
-  elseif(APPLE)
-    # It's quite common to have multiple copies of the same Python version
-    # installed on one's system. E.g.: one copy from the OS and another copy
-    # that's statically linked into an application like Blender or Maya.
-    # If we link our plugin library against the OS Python here and import it
-    # into Blender or Maya later on, this will cause segfaults when multiple
-    # conflicting Python instances are active at the same time (even when they
-    # are of the same version).
-
-    # Windows is not affected by this issue since it handles DLL imports
-    # differently. The solution for Linux and Mac OS is simple: we just don't
-    # link against the Python library. The resulting shared library will have
-    # missing symbols, but that's perfectly fine -- they will be resolved at
-    # import time.
-
-    target_link_libraries(${target_name} PRIVATE "-undefined dynamic_lookup")
-
-    if(ARG_SHARED)
-      # Suppress CMake >= 3.0 warning for shared libraries
-      set_target_properties(${target_name} PROPERTIES MACOSX_RPATH ON)
-    endif()
-  endif()
-
-  # Make sure C++11/14 are enabled
-  if(PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD)
-    if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.3)
-      target_compile_options(${target_name} PUBLIC ${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD})
-    else()
-      target_compile_options(${target_name} PUBLIC $<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${PYBIND11_CPP_STANDARD}>)
-    endif()
-  endif()
-
-  # Python 2 doesn't really support C++17, Clang warns/errors over it
-  if(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD
-     AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang"
-     AND PYTHON_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.0
-     AND NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD LESS 17)
-       target_compile_options(${target_name} PUBLIC -Wno-register)
-  endif()
 
   if(ARG_NO_EXTRAS)
-    return()
+      return()
   endif()
 
-  _pybind11_add_lto_flags(${target_name} ${ARG_THIN_LTO})
+  if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS 3.9 OR PYBIND11_CLASSIC_LTO)
+      _pybind11_add_lto_flags(${target_name} ${ARG_THIN_LTO})
+  else()
+      include(CheckIPOSupported)
+      check_ipo_supported(RESULT supported OUTPUT error)
+      if(supported)
+          set_property(
+            TARGET
+              ${target_name}
+            PROPERTY
+              INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION TRUE
+            )
+      endif()
+  endif()
 
   if (NOT MSVC AND NOT ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE} MATCHES Debug|RelWithDebInfo)
     # Strip unnecessary sections of the binary on Linux/Mac OS