diff --git a/include/pybind11/numpy.h b/include/pybind11/numpy.h
index e67d371..8b21d3d 100644
--- a/include/pybind11/numpy.h
+++ b/include/pybind11/numpy.h
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@
 
     static pybind11::dtype dtype() {
         if (auto ptr = npy_api::get().PyArray_DescrFromType_(value))
-            return reinterpret_borrow<pybind11::dtype>(ptr);
+            return reinterpret_steal<pybind11::dtype>(ptr);
         pybind11_fail("Unsupported buffer format!");
     }
 };
diff --git a/tests/test_numpy_array.py b/tests/test_numpy_array.py
index 17c87ef..d0a6324 100644
--- a/tests/test_numpy_array.py
+++ b/tests/test_numpy_array.py
@@ -434,3 +434,14 @@
 def test_index_using_ellipsis():
     a = m.index_using_ellipsis(np.zeros((5, 6, 7)))
     assert a.shape == (6,)
+
+
+@pytest.unsupported_on_pypy
+def test_dtype_refcount_leak():
+    from sys import getrefcount
+    dtype = np.dtype(np.float_)
+    a = np.array([1], dtype=dtype)
+    before = getrefcount(dtype)
+    m.ndim(a)
+    after = getrefcount(dtype)
+    assert after == before