Import async-trait crate.

Bug: 164106399
Bug: 158290206
Test: mm
Change-Id: I0c4a491b785134e4ac1d5572e5ff94b8699dc0bc
diff --git a/tests/test.rs b/tests/test.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ea2d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,961 @@
+#![cfg_attr(async_trait_nightly_testing, feature(specialization, const_generics))]
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+pub mod executor;
+
+// Dummy module to check that the expansion refer to rust's core crate
+mod core {}
+
+#[async_trait]
+trait Trait {
+    type Assoc;
+
+    async fn selfvalue(self)
+    where
+        Self: Sized,
+    {
+    }
+
+    async fn selfref(&self) {}
+
+    async fn selfmut(&mut self) {}
+
+    async fn required() -> Self::Assoc;
+
+    async fn elided_lifetime(_x: &str) {}
+
+    async fn explicit_lifetime<'a>(_x: &'a str) {}
+
+    async fn generic_type_param<T: Send>(x: Box<T>) -> T {
+        *x
+    }
+
+    async fn calls(&self) {
+        self.selfref().await;
+        Self::elided_lifetime("").await;
+        <Self>::elided_lifetime("").await;
+    }
+
+    async fn calls_mut(&mut self) {
+        self.selfmut().await;
+    }
+}
+
+struct Struct;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl Trait for Struct {
+    type Assoc = ();
+
+    async fn selfvalue(self) {}
+
+    async fn selfref(&self) {}
+
+    async fn selfmut(&mut self) {}
+
+    async fn required() -> Self::Assoc {}
+
+    async fn elided_lifetime(_x: &str) {}
+
+    async fn explicit_lifetime<'a>(_x: &'a str) {}
+
+    async fn generic_type_param<T: Send>(x: Box<T>) -> T {
+        *x
+    }
+
+    async fn calls(&self) {
+        self.selfref().await;
+        Self::elided_lifetime("").await;
+        <Self>::elided_lifetime("").await;
+    }
+
+    async fn calls_mut(&mut self) {
+        self.selfmut().await;
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn test() {
+    let mut s = Struct;
+    s.selfref().await;
+    s.selfmut().await;
+    s.selfvalue().await;
+
+    Struct::required().await;
+    Struct::elided_lifetime("").await;
+    Struct::explicit_lifetime("").await;
+    Struct::generic_type_param(Box::new("")).await;
+
+    let mut s = Struct;
+    s.calls().await;
+    s.calls_mut().await;
+}
+
+pub async fn test_object_safe_without_default() {
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait ObjectSafe {
+        async fn f(&self);
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl ObjectSafe for Struct {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    let object = &Struct as &dyn ObjectSafe;
+    object.f().await;
+}
+
+pub async fn test_object_safe_with_default() {
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait ObjectSafe: Sync {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl ObjectSafe for Struct {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    let object = &Struct as &dyn ObjectSafe;
+    object.f().await;
+}
+
+pub async fn test_object_no_send() {
+    #[async_trait(?Send)]
+    trait ObjectSafe: Sync {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait(?Send)]
+    impl ObjectSafe for Struct {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    let object = &Struct as &dyn ObjectSafe;
+    object.f().await;
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub unsafe trait UnsafeTrait {}
+
+#[async_trait]
+unsafe impl UnsafeTrait for () {}
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub(crate) unsafe trait UnsafeTraitPubCrate {}
+
+#[async_trait]
+unsafe trait UnsafeTraitPrivate {}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/1
+pub mod issue1 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Issue1 {
+        async fn f<U>(&self);
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl<T: Sync> Issue1 for Vec<T> {
+        async fn f<U>(&self) {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/2
+pub mod issue2 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::future::Future;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Issue2: Future {
+        async fn flatten(self) -> <Self::Output as Future>::Output
+        where
+            Self::Output: Future + Send,
+            Self: Sized,
+        {
+            let nested_future = self.await;
+            nested_future.await
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/9
+pub mod issue9 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Issue9: Sized + Send {
+        async fn f(_x: Self) {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/11
+pub mod issue11 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Issue11 {
+        async fn example(self: Arc<Self>);
+    }
+
+    struct Struct;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Issue11 for Struct {
+        async fn example(self: Arc<Self>) {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/15
+pub mod issue15 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+    trait Trait {}
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Issue15 {
+        async fn myfn(&self, _: PhantomData<dyn Trait + Send>) {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/17
+pub mod issue17 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Issue17 {
+        async fn f(&self);
+    }
+
+    struct Struct {
+        string: String,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Issue17 for Struct {
+        async fn f(&self) {
+            println!("{}", self.string);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/23
+pub mod issue23 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Issue23 {
+        async fn f(self);
+
+        async fn g(mut self)
+        where
+            Self: Sized,
+        {
+            do_something(&mut self);
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct S {}
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Issue23 for S {
+        async fn f(mut self) {
+            do_something(&mut self);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn do_something<T>(_: &mut T) {}
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/25
+#[cfg(async_trait_nightly_testing)]
+pub mod issue25 {
+    use crate::executor;
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::fmt::{Display, Write};
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait AsyncToString {
+        async fn async_to_string(&self) -> String;
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl AsyncToString for String {
+        async fn async_to_string(&self) -> String {
+            "special".to_owned()
+        }
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! hide_from_stable_parser {
+        ($($tt:tt)*) => {
+            $($tt)*
+        };
+    }
+
+    hide_from_stable_parser! {
+        #[async_trait]
+        impl<T: ?Sized + Display + Sync> AsyncToString for T {
+            default async fn async_to_string(&self) -> String {
+                let mut buf = String::new();
+                buf.write_fmt(format_args!("{}", self)).unwrap();
+                buf
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let fut = true.async_to_string();
+        assert_eq!(executor::block_on_simple(fut), "true");
+
+        let string = String::new();
+        let fut = string.async_to_string();
+        assert_eq!(executor::block_on_simple(fut), "special");
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/28
+pub mod issue28 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    struct Str<'a>(&'a str);
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Trait1<'a> {
+        async fn f(x: Str<'a>) -> &'a str;
+        async fn g(x: Str<'a>) -> &'a str {
+            x.0
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl<'a> Trait1<'a> for str {
+        async fn f(x: Str<'a>) -> &'a str {
+            x.0
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Trait2 {
+        async fn f();
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl<'a> Trait2 for &'a () {
+        async fn f() {}
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Trait3<'a, 'b> {
+        async fn f(_: &'a &'b ()); // chain 'a and 'b
+        async fn g(_: &'b ()); // chain 'b only
+        async fn h(); // do not chain
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/31
+pub mod issue31 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    pub struct Struct<'a> {
+        pub name: &'a str,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait<'a> {
+        async fn hello(thing: Struct<'a>) -> String;
+        async fn hello_twice(one: Struct<'a>, two: Struct<'a>) -> String {
+            let str1 = Self::hello(one).await;
+            let str2 = Self::hello(two).await;
+            str1 + &str2
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/42
+pub mod issue42 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Context: Sized {
+        async fn from_parts() -> Self;
+    }
+
+    pub struct TokenContext;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Context for TokenContext {
+        async fn from_parts() -> TokenContext {
+            TokenContext
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/44
+pub mod issue44 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait StaticWithWhereSelf
+    where
+        Box<Self>: Sized,
+        Self: Sized + Send,
+    {
+        async fn get_one() -> u8 {
+            1
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub struct Struct;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl StaticWithWhereSelf for Struct {}
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/45
+pub mod issue45 {
+    use crate::executor;
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::fmt::Debug;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+    use tracing::event::Event;
+    use tracing::field::{Field, Visit};
+    use tracing::span::{Attributes, Id, Record};
+    use tracing::{info, instrument, subscriber, Metadata, Subscriber};
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Parent {
+        async fn foo(&mut self, v: usize);
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Child {
+        async fn bar(&self);
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct Impl(usize);
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Parent for Impl {
+        #[instrument]
+        async fn foo(&mut self, v: usize) {
+            self.0 = v;
+            self.bar().await;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Child for Impl {
+        // Let's check that tracing detects the renaming of the `self` variable
+        // too, as tracing::instrument is not going to be able to skip the
+        // `self` argument if it can't find it in the function signature.
+        #[instrument(skip(self))]
+        async fn bar(&self) {
+            info!(val = self.0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // A simple subscriber implementation to test the behavior of async-trait
+    // with tokio-rs/tracing. This implementation is not robust against race
+    // conditions, but it's not an issue here as we are only polling on a single
+    // future at a time.
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct SubscriberInner {
+        current_depth: AtomicU64,
+        // We assert that nested functions work. If the fix were to break, we
+        // would see two top-level functions instead of `bar` nested in `foo`.
+        max_depth: AtomicU64,
+        max_span_id: AtomicU64,
+        // Name of the variable / value / depth when the event was recorded.
+        value: Mutex<Option<(&'static str, u64, u64)>>,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+    struct TestSubscriber {
+        inner: Arc<SubscriberInner>,
+    }
+
+    impl TestSubscriber {
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            TestSubscriber {
+                inner: Arc::new(SubscriberInner {
+                    current_depth: AtomicU64::new(0),
+                    max_depth: AtomicU64::new(0),
+                    max_span_id: AtomicU64::new(1),
+                    value: Mutex::new(None),
+                }),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct U64Visitor(Option<(&'static str, u64)>);
+
+    impl Visit for U64Visitor {
+        fn record_debug(&mut self, _field: &Field, _value: &dyn Debug) {}
+
+        fn record_u64(&mut self, field: &Field, value: u64) {
+            self.0 = Some((field.name(), value));
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Subscriber for TestSubscriber {
+        fn enabled(&self, _metadata: &Metadata) -> bool {
+            true
+        }
+        fn new_span(&self, _span: &Attributes) -> Id {
+            Id::from_u64(self.inner.max_span_id.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel))
+        }
+        fn record(&self, _span: &Id, _values: &Record) {}
+        fn record_follows_from(&self, _span: &Id, _follows: &Id) {}
+        fn event(&self, event: &Event) {
+            let mut visitor = U64Visitor(None);
+            event.record(&mut visitor);
+            if let Some((s, v)) = visitor.0 {
+                let current_depth = self.inner.current_depth.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+                *self.inner.value.lock().unwrap() = Some((s, v, current_depth));
+            }
+        }
+        fn enter(&self, _span: &Id) {
+            let old_depth = self.inner.current_depth.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+            if old_depth + 1 > self.inner.max_depth.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                self.inner.max_depth.fetch_add(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+            }
+        }
+        fn exit(&self, _span: &Id) {
+            self.inner.current_depth.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::AcqRel);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tracing() {
+        // Create the future outside of the subscriber, as no call to tracing
+        // should be made until the future is polled.
+        let mut struct_impl = Impl(0);
+        let fut = struct_impl.foo(5);
+        let subscriber = TestSubscriber::new();
+        subscriber::with_default(subscriber.clone(), || executor::block_on_simple(fut));
+        // Did we enter bar inside of foo?
+        assert_eq!(subscriber.inner.max_depth.load(Ordering::Acquire), 2);
+        // Have we exited all spans?
+        assert_eq!(subscriber.inner.current_depth.load(Ordering::Acquire), 0);
+        // Did we create only two spans? Note: spans start at 1, hence the -1.
+        assert_eq!(subscriber.inner.max_span_id.load(Ordering::Acquire) - 1, 2);
+        // Was the value recorded at the right depth i.e. in the right function?
+        // If so, was it the expected value?
+        assert_eq!(*subscriber.inner.value.lock().unwrap(), Some(("val", 5, 2)));
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/46
+pub mod issue46 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    macro_rules! implement_commands_workaround {
+        ($tyargs:tt : $ty:tt) => {
+            #[async_trait]
+            pub trait AsyncCommands1: Sized {
+                async fn f<$tyargs: $ty>(&mut self, x: $tyargs) {
+                    self.f(x).await
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    implement_commands_workaround!(K: Send);
+
+    macro_rules! implement_commands {
+        ($tyargs:ident : $ty:ident) => {
+            #[async_trait]
+            pub trait AsyncCommands2: Sized {
+                async fn f<$tyargs: $ty>(&mut self, x: $tyargs) {
+                    self.f(x).await
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    implement_commands!(K: Send);
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/53
+pub mod issue53 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    pub struct Unit;
+    pub struct Tuple(u8);
+    pub struct Struct {
+        pub x: u8,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait {
+        async fn method();
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Unit {
+        async fn method() {
+            let _ = Self;
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Tuple {
+        async fn method() {
+            let _ = Self(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Struct {
+        async fn method() {
+            let _ = Self { x: 0 };
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for std::marker::PhantomData<Struct> {
+        async fn method() {
+            let _ = Self;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/57
+#[cfg(async_trait_nightly_testing)]
+pub mod issue57 {
+    use crate::executor;
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Trait {
+        async fn const_generic<T: Send, const C: usize>(_: [T; C]) {}
+    }
+
+    struct Struct;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Struct {
+        async fn const_generic<T: Send, const C: usize>(_: [T; C]) {}
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test() {
+        let fut = Struct::const_generic([0; 10]);
+        executor::block_on_simple(fut);
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/68
+pub mod issue68 {
+    #[rustversion::since(1.40)] // procedural macros cannot expand to macro definitions in 1.39.
+    #[async_trait::async_trait]
+    pub trait Example {
+        async fn method(&self) {
+            macro_rules! t {
+                () => {{
+                    let _: &Self = self;
+                }};
+            }
+            t!();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/73
+pub mod issue73 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Example {
+        const ASSOCIATED: &'static str;
+
+        async fn associated(&self) {
+            println!("Associated:{}", Self::ASSOCIATED);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/81
+pub mod issue81 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait {
+        async fn handle(&self);
+    }
+
+    pub enum Enum {
+        Variant,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Enum {
+        async fn handle(&self) {
+            let Enum::Variant = self;
+            let Self::Variant = self;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/83
+pub mod issue83 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+        async fn g(self: &Self) {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/85
+pub mod issue85 {
+    #![deny(non_snake_case)]
+
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait {
+        #[allow(non_snake_case)]
+        async fn camelCase();
+    }
+
+    pub struct Struct;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Struct {
+        async fn camelCase() {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/87
+pub mod issue87 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait {
+        async fn f(&self);
+    }
+
+    pub enum Tuple {
+        V(),
+    }
+
+    pub enum Struct {
+        V {},
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Tuple {
+        async fn f(&self) {
+            let Tuple::V() = self;
+            let Self::V() = self;
+            let _ = Self::V;
+            let _ = Self::V();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Struct {
+        async fn f(&self) {
+            let Struct::V {} = self;
+            let Self::V {} = self;
+            let _ = Self::V {};
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/89
+pub mod issue89 {
+    #![allow(bare_trait_objects)]
+
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait Trait {
+        async fn f(&self);
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Send + Sync {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for dyn Fn(i8) + Send + Sync {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for (dyn Fn(u8) + Send + Sync) {
+        async fn f(&self) {}
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/92
+pub mod issue92 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    macro_rules! mac {
+        ($($tt:tt)*) => {
+            $($tt)*
+        };
+    }
+
+    pub struct Struct<T> {
+        _x: T,
+    }
+
+    impl<T> Struct<T> {
+        const ASSOCIATED1: &'static str = "1";
+        async fn associated1() {}
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Trait
+    where
+        mac!(Self): Send,
+    {
+        const ASSOCIATED2: &'static str;
+        type Associated2;
+
+        #[allow(path_statements, clippy::no_effect)]
+        async fn associated2(&self) {
+            // trait items
+            mac!(let _: Self::Associated2;);
+            mac!(let _: <Self>::Associated2;);
+            mac!(let _: <Self as Trait>::Associated2;);
+            mac!(Self::ASSOCIATED2;);
+            mac!(<Self>::ASSOCIATED2;);
+            mac!(<Self as Trait>::ASSOCIATED2;);
+            mac!(let _ = Self::associated2(self););
+            mac!(let _ = <Self>::associated2(self););
+            mac!(let _ = <Self as Trait>::associated2(self););
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl<T: Send + Sync> Trait for Struct<T>
+    where
+        mac!(Self): Send,
+    {
+        const ASSOCIATED2: &'static str = "2";
+        type Associated2 = ();
+
+        #[allow(path_statements, clippy::no_effect)]
+        async fn associated2(&self) {
+            // inherent items
+            mac!(Self::ASSOCIATED1;);
+            mac!(<Self>::ASSOCIATED1;);
+            mac!(let _ = Self::associated1(););
+            mac!(let _ = <Self>::associated1(););
+
+            // trait items
+            mac!(let _: <Self as Trait>::Associated2;);
+            mac!(Self::ASSOCIATED2;);
+            mac!(<Self>::ASSOCIATED2;);
+            mac!(<Self as Trait>::ASSOCIATED2;);
+            mac!(let _ = Self::associated2(self););
+            mac!(let _ = <Self>::associated2(self););
+            mac!(let _ = <Self as Trait>::associated2(self););
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub struct Unit;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Trait for Unit {
+        const ASSOCIATED2: &'static str = "2";
+        type Associated2 = ();
+
+        async fn associated2(&self) {
+            mac!(let Self: Self = *self;);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/104
+mod issue104 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    trait T1 {
+        async fn id(&self) -> i32;
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! impl_t1 {
+        ($ty:ty, $id:expr) => {
+            #[async_trait]
+            impl T1 for $ty {
+                async fn id(&self) -> i32 {
+                    $id
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    struct Foo;
+
+    impl_t1!(Foo, 1);
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/106
+mod issue106 {
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::future::Future;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait ProcessPool: Send + Sync {
+        type ThreadPool;
+
+        async fn spawn<F, Fut, T>(&self, work: F) -> T
+        where
+            F: FnOnce(&Self::ThreadPool) -> Fut + Send,
+            Fut: Future<Output = T> + 'static;
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl<P: ?Sized> ProcessPool for &P
+    where
+        P: ProcessPool,
+    {
+        type ThreadPool = P::ThreadPool;
+
+        async fn spawn<F, Fut, T>(&self, work: F) -> T
+        where
+            F: FnOnce(&Self::ThreadPool) -> Fut + Send,
+            Fut: Future<Output = T> + 'static,
+        {
+            (**self).spawn(work).await
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// https://github.com/dtolnay/async-trait/issues/110
+mod issue110 {
+    #![deny(clippy::all)]
+
+    use async_trait::async_trait;
+    use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    pub trait Loader {
+        async fn load(&self, key: &str);
+    }
+
+    pub struct AwsEc2MetadataLoader<'a> {
+        marker: PhantomData<&'a ()>,
+    }
+
+    #[async_trait]
+    impl Loader for AwsEc2MetadataLoader<'_> {
+        async fn load(&self, _key: &str) {}
+    }
+}