Rewrite the AST to be a bit more user-friendly

This commit is a relatively large rewrite of the AST that `syn` exposes. The
main change is to expose enums-of-structs rather than
enums-with-huge-tuple-variants. The best example of this is `ItemKind::Fn` which
changed from:

    enum ItemKind {
        Fn(Box<FnDecl>, Unsafety, Constness, Option<Abi>, Generics, Box<Block>),
        ...
    }

to

    enum ItemKind {
        Fn(ItemFn),
        ...
    }

    struct ItemFn {
        decl: Box<FnDecl>,
        unsafety: Unsafety,
        constness: Constness,
        abi: Option<Abi>,
        generics: Generics,
        block: Box<Block>,
    }

This change serves a few purposes:

* It's now much easier to add fields to each variant of the ast, ast struct
  fields tend to be "by default ignored" in most contexts.
* It's much easier to document what each field is, as each field can have
  dedicated documentation.
* There's now canonicalized names for each field (the name of the field) which
  can help match `match` statements more consistent across a codebase.

A downside of this representation is that it can be a little more verbose to
work with in `match` statements and during constructions. Overall though I'd
feel at least that the readability improved significantly despite the extra
words required to do various operations.

Closes #136
diff --git a/tests/test_generics.rs b/tests/test_generics.rs
index 800daa7..08886bb 100644
--- a/tests/test_generics.rs
+++ b/tests/test_generics.rs
@@ -27,13 +27,15 @@
                                         }],
                             ident: Ident::new("T"),
                             bounds: vec![TyParamBound::Region(Lifetime::new("'a"))],
-                            default: Some(Ty::Tup(Vec::new())),
+                            default: Some(TyTup { tys: Vec::new() }.into()),
                         }],
         where_clause: WhereClause {
             predicates: vec![WherePredicate::BoundPredicate(WhereBoundPredicate {
                                                                 bound_lifetimes: Vec::new(),
-                                                                bounded_ty:
-                                                                    Ty::Path(None, "T".into()),
+                                                                bounded_ty: TyPath {
+                                                                    qself: None,
+                                                                    path: "T".into(),
+                                                                }.into(),
                                                                 bounds: vec![
                         TyParamBound::Trait(
                             PolyTraitRef {