Move Cursor and TokenBuffer into buffer module
diff --git a/src/buffer.rs b/src/buffer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05a2760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/buffer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+// Copyright 2018 Syn Developers
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+// <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+// except according to those terms.
+
+//! This module defines a cheaply-copyable cursor into a TokenStream's data.
+//!
+//! It does this by copying the data into a stably-addressed structured buffer,
+//! and holding raw pointers into that buffer to allow walking through delimited
+//! groups cheaply.
+//!
+//! This module is heavily commented as it contains the only unsafe code in
+//! `syn`, and caution should be made when editing it. It provides a safe
+//! interface, but is fragile internally.
+
+use proc_macro2::*;
+
+use std::ptr;
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
+
+#[cfg(synom_verbose_trace)]
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug};
+
+/// Internal type which is used instead of `TokenTree` to represent a single
+/// `TokenTree` within a `TokenBuffer`.
+enum Entry {
+    /// Mimicing types from proc-macro.
+    Group(Span, Delimiter, TokenBuffer),
+    Term(Span, Term),
+    Op(Span, char, Spacing),
+    Literal(Span, Literal),
+    /// End entries contain a raw pointer to the entry from the containing
+    /// TokenTree.
+    End(*const Entry),
+}
+
+/// A buffer of data which contains a structured representation of the input
+/// `TokenStream` object.
+pub struct TokenBuffer {
+    // NOTE: Do not derive clone on this - there are raw pointers inside which
+    // will be messed up. Moving the `TokenBuffer` itself is safe as the actual
+    // backing slices won't be moved.
+    data: Box<[Entry]>,
+}
+
+impl TokenBuffer {
+    // NOTE: DO NOT MUTATE THE `Vec` RETURNED FROM THIS FUNCTION ONCE IT
+    // RETURNS, THE ADDRESS OF ITS BACKING MEMORY MUST REMAIN STABLE.
+    fn inner_new(stream: TokenStream, up: *const Entry) -> TokenBuffer {
+        // Build up the entries list, recording the locations of any Groups
+        // in the list to be processed later.
+        let mut entries = Vec::new();
+        let mut seqs = Vec::new();
+        for tt in stream {
+            match tt.kind {
+                TokenNode::Term(sym) => {
+                    entries.push(Entry::Term(tt.span, sym));
+                }
+                TokenNode::Op(chr, ok) => {
+                    entries.push(Entry::Op(tt.span, chr, ok));
+                }
+                TokenNode::Literal(lit) => {
+                    entries.push(Entry::Literal(tt.span, lit));
+                }
+                TokenNode::Group(delim, seq_stream) => {
+                    // Record the index of the interesting entry, and store an
+                    // `End(null)` there temporarially.
+                    seqs.push((entries.len(), tt.span, delim, seq_stream));
+                    entries.push(Entry::End(ptr::null()));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // Add an `End` entry to the end with a reference to the enclosing token
+        // stream which was passed in.
+        entries.push(Entry::End(up));
+
+        // NOTE: This is done to ensure that we don't accidentally modify the
+        // length of the backing buffer. The backing buffer must remain at a
+        // constant address after this point, as we are going to store a raw
+        // pointer into it.
+        let mut entries = entries.into_boxed_slice();
+        for (idx, span, delim, seq_stream) in seqs {
+            // We know that this index refers to one of the temporary
+            // `End(null)` entries, and we know that the last entry is
+            // `End(up)`, so the next index is also valid.
+            let seq_up = &entries[idx + 1] as *const Entry;
+
+            // The end entry stored at the end of this Entry::Group should
+            // point to the Entry which follows the Group in the list.
+            let inner = Self::inner_new(seq_stream, seq_up);
+            entries[idx] = Entry::Group(span, delim, inner);
+        }
+
+        TokenBuffer { data: entries }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new TokenBuffer, which contains the data from the given
+    /// TokenStream.
+    pub fn new(stream: TokenStream) -> TokenBuffer {
+        Self::inner_new(stream, ptr::null())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a cursor referencing the first token in the input.
+    pub fn begin(&self) -> Cursor {
+        unsafe { Cursor::create(&self.data[0], &self.data[self.data.len() - 1]) }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A cursor into an input `TokenStream`'s data. This cursor holds a reference
+/// into the immutable data which is used internally to represent a
+/// `TokenStream`, and can be efficiently manipulated and copied around.
+///
+/// An empty `Cursor` can be created directly, or one may create a `TokenBuffer`
+/// object and get a cursor to its first token with `begin()`.
+///
+/// Two cursors are equal if they have the same location in the same input
+/// stream, and have the same scope.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Cursor<'a> {
+    /// The current entry which the `Cursor` is pointing at.
+    ptr: *const Entry,
+    /// This is the only `Entry::End(..)` object which this cursor is allowed to
+    /// point at. All other `End` objects are skipped over in `Cursor::create`.
+    scope: *const Entry,
+    /// This uses the &'a reference which guarantees that these pointers are
+    /// still valid.
+    marker: PhantomData<&'a Entry>,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Cursor<'a> {
+    /// Create a cursor referencing a static empty TokenStream.
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        // It's safe in this situation for us to put an `Entry` object in global
+        // storage, despite it not actually being safe to send across threads
+        // (`Term` is a reference into a thread-local table). This is because
+        // this entry never includes a `Term` object.
+        //
+        // This wrapper struct allows us to break the rules and put a `Sync`
+        // object in global storage.
+        struct UnsafeSyncEntry(Entry);
+        unsafe impl Sync for UnsafeSyncEntry {}
+        static EMPTY_ENTRY: UnsafeSyncEntry = UnsafeSyncEntry(Entry::End(0 as *const Entry));
+
+        Cursor {
+            ptr: &EMPTY_ENTRY.0,
+            scope: &EMPTY_ENTRY.0,
+            marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This create method intelligently exits non-explicitly-entered
+    /// `None`-delimited scopes when the cursor reaches the end of them,
+    /// allowing for them to be treated transparently.
+    unsafe fn create(mut ptr: *const Entry, scope: *const Entry) -> Self {
+        // NOTE: If we're looking at a `End(..)`, we want to advance the cursor
+        // past it, unless `ptr == scope`, which means that we're at the edge of
+        // our cursor's scope. We should only have `ptr != scope` at the exit
+        // from None-delimited groups entered with `ignore_none`.
+        while let Entry::End(exit) = *ptr {
+            if ptr == scope {
+                break;
+            }
+            ptr = exit;
+        }
+
+        Cursor {
+            ptr: ptr,
+            scope: scope,
+            marker: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current entry.
+    fn entry(self) -> &'a Entry {
+        unsafe { &*self.ptr }
+    }
+
+    /// Bump the cursor to point at the next token after the current one. This
+    /// is undefined behavior if the cursor is currently looking at an
+    /// `Entry::End`.
+    unsafe fn bump(self) -> Cursor<'a> {
+        Cursor::create(self.ptr.offset(1), self.scope)
+    }
+
+    /// If the cursor is looking at a `None`-delimited group, move it to look at
+    /// the first token inside instead. If the group is empty, this will move
+    /// the cursor past the `None`-delimited group.
+    ///
+    /// WARNING: This mutates its argument.
+    fn ignore_none(&mut self) {
+        if let Entry::Group(_, Delimiter::None, ref buf) = *self.entry() {
+            // NOTE: We call `Cursor::create` here to make sure that situations
+            // where we should immediately exit the span after entering it are
+            // handled correctly.
+            unsafe {
+                *self = Cursor::create(&buf.data[0], self.scope);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Check if the cursor is currently pointing at the end of its valid scope.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn eof(self) -> bool {
+        // We're at eof if we're at the end of our scope.
+        self.ptr == self.scope
+    }
+
+    /// If the cursor is pointing at a Group with the given `Delimiter`, return
+    /// a cursor into that group, and one pointing to the next `TokenTree`.
+    pub fn group(mut self, delim: Delimiter) -> Option<(Cursor<'a>, Span, Cursor<'a>)> {
+        // If we're not trying to enter a none-delimited group, we want to
+        // ignore them. We have to make sure to _not_ ignore them when we want
+        // to enter them, of course. For obvious reasons.
+        if delim != Delimiter::None {
+            self.ignore_none();
+        }
+
+        if let Entry::Group(span, group_delim, ref buf) = *self.entry() {
+            if group_delim == delim {
+                return Some((buf.begin(), span, unsafe { self.bump() }));
+            }
+        }
+
+        None
+    }
+
+    /// If the cursor is pointing at a Term, return it and a cursor pointing at
+    /// the next `TokenTree`.
+    pub fn term(mut self) -> Option<(Span, Term, Cursor<'a>)> {
+        self.ignore_none();
+        match *self.entry() {
+            Entry::Term(span, term) => Some((span, term, unsafe { self.bump() })),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If the cursor is pointing at an Op, return it and a cursor pointing
+    /// at the next `TokenTree`.
+    pub fn op(mut self) -> Option<(Span, char, Spacing, Cursor<'a>)> {
+        self.ignore_none();
+        match *self.entry() {
+            Entry::Op(span, op, spacing) => Some((span, op, spacing, unsafe { self.bump() })),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// If the cursor is pointing at a Literal, return it and a cursor pointing
+    /// at the next `TokenTree`.
+    pub fn literal(mut self) -> Option<(Span, Literal, Cursor<'a>)> {
+        self.ignore_none();
+        match *self.entry() {
+            Entry::Literal(span, ref lit) => Some((span, lit.clone(), unsafe { self.bump() })),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Copy all remaining tokens visible from this cursor into a `TokenStream`.
+    pub fn token_stream(self) -> TokenStream {
+        let mut tts = Vec::new();
+        let mut cursor = self;
+        while let Some((tt, rest)) = cursor.token_tree() {
+            tts.push(tt);
+            cursor = rest;
+        }
+        tts.into_iter().collect()
+    }
+
+    /// If the cursor is looking at a `TokenTree`, returns it along with a
+    /// cursor pointing to the next token in the group, otherwise returns
+    /// `None`.
+    ///
+    /// This method does not treat `None`-delimited groups as invisible, and
+    /// will return a `Group(None, ..)` if the cursor is looking at one.
+    pub fn token_tree(self) -> Option<(TokenTree, Cursor<'a>)> {
+        let tree = match *self.entry() {
+            Entry::Group(span, delim, ref buf) => {
+                let stream = buf.begin().token_stream();
+                TokenTree {
+                    span: span,
+                    kind: TokenNode::Group(delim, stream),
+                }
+            }
+            Entry::Literal(span, ref lit) => TokenTree {
+                span: span,
+                kind: TokenNode::Literal(lit.clone()),
+            },
+            Entry::Term(span, sym) => TokenTree {
+                span: span,
+                kind: TokenNode::Term(sym),
+            },
+            Entry::Op(span, chr, spacing) => TokenTree {
+                span: span,
+                kind: TokenNode::Op(chr, spacing),
+            },
+            Entry::End(..) => {
+                return None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        Some((tree, unsafe { self.bump() }))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the `Span` of the current token, or `Span::call_site()` if this
+    /// cursor points to eof.
+    pub fn span(self) -> Span {
+        match *self.entry() {
+            Entry::Group(span, ..)
+            | Entry::Literal(span, ..)
+            | Entry::Term(span, ..)
+            | Entry::Op(span, ..) => span,
+            Entry::End(..) => Span::call_site(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// We do a custom implementation for `Debug` as the default implementation is
+// pretty useless.
+#[cfg(synom_verbose_trace)]
+impl<'a> Debug for Cursor<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        // Print what the cursor is currently looking at.
+        // This will look like Cursor("some remaining tokens here")
+        f.debug_tuple("Cursor")
+            .field(&self.token_stream().to_string())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}