diff --git a/src/atlastext/SkAtlasTextTarget.cpp b/src/atlastext/SkAtlasTextTarget.cpp
index d80c7a4..f553ffa 100644
--- a/src/atlastext/SkAtlasTextTarget.cpp
+++ b/src/atlastext/SkAtlasTextTarget.cpp
@@ -183,12 +183,18 @@
     FlushInfo flushInfo;
     SkAutoGlyphCache glyphCache;
     auto& context = target->context()->internal();
-    auto* atlasGlyphCache = context.grContext()->contextPriv().getAtlasGlyphCache();
+    auto atlasGlyphCache = context.grContext()->contextPriv().getAtlasGlyphCache();
+    auto resourceProvider = context.grContext()->contextPriv().resourceProvider();
+    auto drawingManager = context.grContext()->contextPriv().drawingManager();
+
+    GrOnFlushResourceProvider onFlushResourceProvider(drawingManager);
+    atlasGlyphCache->preFlush(&onFlushResourceProvider, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
+
     for (int i = 0; i < fGeoCount; ++i) {
         GrAtlasTextBlob::VertexRegenerator regenerator(
-                fGeoData[i].fBlob, fGeoData[i].fRun, fGeoData[i].fSubRun, fGeoData[i].fViewMatrix,
-                fGeoData[i].fX, fGeoData[i].fY, fGeoData[i].fColor, &context, atlasGlyphCache,
-                &glyphCache);
+                resourceProvider, fGeoData[i].fBlob, fGeoData[i].fRun, fGeoData[i].fSubRun,
+                fGeoData[i].fViewMatrix, fGeoData[i].fX, fGeoData[i].fY, fGeoData[i].fColor,
+                &context, atlasGlyphCache, &glyphCache);
         GrAtlasTextBlob::VertexRegenerator::Result result;
         do {
             result = regenerator.regenerate();
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrContext.cpp b/src/gpu/GrContext.cpp
index 3fb7a9c..0af3197 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrContext.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/GrContext.cpp
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@
     } else {
         allowMultitexturing = GrDrawOpAtlas::AllowMultitexturing::kYes;
     }
-    fAtlasGlyphCache = new GrAtlasGlyphCache(this, options.fGlyphCacheTextureMaximumBytes,
+    fAtlasGlyphCache = new GrAtlasGlyphCache(fProxyProvider, options.fGlyphCacheTextureMaximumBytes,
                                              allowMultitexturing);
     this->contextPriv().addOnFlushCallbackObject(fAtlasGlyphCache);
 
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrDeferredUpload.h b/src/gpu/GrDeferredUpload.h
index fad5e93..d783631 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrDeferredUpload.h
+++ b/src/gpu/GrDeferredUpload.h
@@ -96,9 +96,10 @@
     GrDeferredUploadToken nextDrawToken() const { return fLastIssuedToken.next(); }
 
 private:
-    // Only these two classes get to increment the token counters
+    // Only these three classes get to increment the token counters
     friend class SkInternalAtlasTextContext;
     friend class GrOpFlushState;
+    friend class TestingUploadTarget;
 
     /** Issues the next token for a draw. */
     GrDeferredUploadToken issueDrawToken() { return ++fLastIssuedToken; }
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.cpp b/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.cpp
index 622aa22..7539a7a 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.cpp
@@ -26,20 +26,20 @@
 // must explicitly manage the lifetime of their backing proxies via the onFlushCallback system
 // (which calls this method).
 void GrDrawOpAtlas::instantiate(GrOnFlushResourceProvider* onFlushResourceProvider) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < GrDrawOpAtlas::kMaxMultitexturePages; ++i) {
-        if (fProxies[i] && !fProxies[i]->priv().isInstantiated()) {
-            // If instantiation fails we expect the ops that rely on the atlas to be dropped
-            onFlushResourceProvider->instatiateProxy(fProxies[i].get());
-        }
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fNumActivePages; ++i) {
+        // All the atlas pages are now instantiated at flush time in the activeNewPage method.
+        SkASSERT(fProxies[i] && fProxies[i]->priv().isInstantiated());
     }
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(GrContext* ctx, GrPixelConfig config, int width,
+std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(GrProxyProvider* proxyProvider,
+                                                   GrPixelConfig config, int width,
                                                    int height, int numPlotsX, int numPlotsY,
                                                    AllowMultitexturing allowMultitexturing,
                                                    GrDrawOpAtlas::EvictionFunc func, void* data) {
-    std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> atlas(new GrDrawOpAtlas(ctx, config, width, height, numPlotsX,
-                                                           numPlotsY, allowMultitexturing));
+    std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> atlas(new GrDrawOpAtlas(proxyProvider, config, width, height,
+                                                           numPlotsX, numPlotsY,
+                                                           allowMultitexturing));
     if (!atlas->getProxies()[0]) {
         return nullptr;
     }
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@
 #endif
 
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
 GrDrawOpAtlas::Plot::Plot(int pageIndex, int plotIndex, uint64_t genID, int offX, int offY,
                           int width, int height, GrPixelConfig config)
         : fLastUpload(GrDeferredUploadToken::AlreadyFlushedToken())
@@ -178,16 +177,16 @@
 
 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-GrDrawOpAtlas::GrDrawOpAtlas(GrContext* context, GrPixelConfig config, int width, int height,
+GrDrawOpAtlas::GrDrawOpAtlas(GrProxyProvider* proxyProvider,
+                             GrPixelConfig config, int width, int height,
                              int numPlotsX, int numPlotsY, AllowMultitexturing allowMultitexturing)
-        : fContext(context)
-        , fPixelConfig(config)
+        : fPixelConfig(config)
         , fTextureWidth(width)
         , fTextureHeight(height)
         , fAtlasGeneration(kInvalidAtlasGeneration + 1)
         , fPrevFlushToken(GrDeferredUploadToken::AlreadyFlushedToken())
         , fAllowMultitexturing(allowMultitexturing)
-        , fNumPages(0) {
+        , fNumActivePages(0) {
     fPlotWidth = fTextureWidth / numPlotsX;
     fPlotHeight = fTextureHeight / numPlotsY;
     SkASSERT(numPlotsX * numPlotsY <= BulkUseTokenUpdater::kMaxPlots);
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@
 
     fNumPlots = numPlotsX * numPlotsY;
 
-    this->createNewPage();
+    this->createPages(proxyProvider);
 }
 
 inline void GrDrawOpAtlas::processEviction(AtlasID id) {
@@ -217,13 +216,8 @@
         // With c+14 we could move sk_sp into lamba to only ref once.
         sk_sp<Plot> plotsp(SkRef(plot));
 
-        // MDB TODO: this is currently fine since the atlas' proxy is always pre-instantiated.
-        // Once it is deferred more care must be taken upon instantiation failure.
-        if (!fProxies[pageIdx]->instantiate(fContext->contextPriv().resourceProvider())) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
         GrTextureProxy* proxy = fProxies[pageIdx].get();
+        SkASSERT(proxy->priv().isInstantiated());  // This is occurring at flush time
 
         GrDeferredUploadToken lastUploadToken = target->addASAPUpload(
                 [plotsp, proxy](GrDeferredTextureUploadWritePixelsFn& writePixels) {
@@ -243,8 +237,9 @@
 // are rare; i.e., we are not continually refreshing the frame.
 static constexpr auto kRecentlyUsedCount = 256;
 
-bool GrDrawOpAtlas::addToAtlas(AtlasID* id, GrDeferredUploadTarget* target, int width, int height,
-                               const void* image, SkIPoint16* loc) {
+bool GrDrawOpAtlas::addToAtlas(GrResourceProvider* resourceProvider,
+                               AtlasID* id, GrDeferredUploadTarget* target,
+                               int width, int height, const void* image, SkIPoint16* loc) {
     if (width > fPlotWidth || height > fPlotHeight) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -252,7 +247,7 @@
     // Look through each page to see if we can upload without having to flush
     // We prioritize this upload to the first pages, not the most recently used, to make it easier
     // to remove unused pages in reverse page order.
-    for (unsigned int pageIdx = 0; pageIdx < fNumPages; ++pageIdx) {
+    for (unsigned int pageIdx = 0; pageIdx < fNumActivePages; ++pageIdx) {
         SkASSERT(fProxies[pageIdx]);
         // look through all allocated plots for one we can share, in Most Recently Refed order
         PlotList::Iter plotIter;
@@ -272,10 +267,10 @@
     // We wait until we've grown to the full number of pages to begin evicting already flushed
     // plots so that we can maximize the opportunity for reuse.
     // As before we prioritize this upload to the first pages, not the most recently used.
-    for (unsigned int pageIdx = 0; pageIdx < fNumPages; ++pageIdx) {
+    for (unsigned int pageIdx = 0; pageIdx < fNumActivePages; ++pageIdx) {
         Plot* plot = fPages[pageIdx].fPlotList.tail();
         SkASSERT(plot);
-        if ((fNumPages == this->maxPages() &&
+        if ((fNumActivePages == this->maxPages() &&
              plot->lastUseToken() < target->tokenTracker()->nextTokenToFlush()) ||
             plot->flushesSinceLastUsed() >= kRecentlyUsedCount) {
             this->processEvictionAndResetRects(plot);
@@ -290,9 +285,10 @@
     }
 
     // If the simple cases fail, try to create a new page and add to it
-    if (this->createNewPage()) {
-        unsigned int pageIdx = fNumPages-1;
-        SkASSERT(fProxies[pageIdx]);
+    if (this->activateNewPage(resourceProvider)) {
+        unsigned int pageIdx = fNumActivePages-1;
+        SkASSERT(fProxies[pageIdx] && fProxies[pageIdx]->priv().isInstantiated());
+
         Plot* plot = fPages[pageIdx].fPlotList.head();
         SkASSERT(GrBytesPerPixel(fProxies[pageIdx]->config()) == plot->bpp());
         if (plot->addSubImage(width, height, image, loc)) {
@@ -307,7 +303,7 @@
     // Try to find a plot that we can perform an inline upload to.
     // We prioritize this upload in reverse order of pages to counterbalance the order above.
     Plot* plot = nullptr;
-    for (int pageIdx = (int)(fNumPages-1); pageIdx >= 0; --pageIdx) {
+    for (int pageIdx = (int)(fNumActivePages-1); pageIdx >= 0; --pageIdx) {
         Plot* currentPlot = fPages[pageIdx].fPlotList.tail();
         if (currentPlot->lastUseToken() != target->tokenTracker()->nextDrawToken()) {
             plot = currentPlot;
@@ -339,11 +335,8 @@
     // one it displaced most likely was uploaded ASAP.
     // With c+14 we could move sk_sp into lambda to only ref once.
     sk_sp<Plot> plotsp(SkRef(newPlot.get()));
-    // MDB TODO: this is currently fine since the atlas' proxy is always pre-instantiated.
-    // Once it is deferred more care must be taken upon instantiation failure.
-    if (!fProxies[pageIdx]->instantiate(fContext->contextPriv().resourceProvider())) {
-        return false;
-    }
+
+    SkASSERT(fProxies[pageIdx]->priv().isInstantiated());
     GrTextureProxy* proxy = fProxies[pageIdx].get();
 
     GrDeferredUploadToken lastUploadToken = target->addInlineUpload(
@@ -358,7 +351,7 @@
 }
 
 void GrDrawOpAtlas::compact(GrDeferredUploadToken startTokenForNextFlush) {
-    if (fNumPages <= 1) {
+    if (fNumActivePages <= 1) {
         fPrevFlushToken = startTokenForNextFlush;
         return;
     }
@@ -366,7 +359,7 @@
     // For all plots, reset number of flushes since used if used this frame.
     PlotList::Iter plotIter;
     bool atlasUsedThisFlush = false;
-    for (uint32_t pageIndex = 0; pageIndex < fNumPages; ++pageIndex) {
+    for (uint32_t pageIndex = 0; pageIndex < fNumActivePages; ++pageIndex) {
         plotIter.init(fPages[pageIndex].fPlotList, PlotList::Iter::kHead_IterStart);
         while (Plot* plot = plotIter.get()) {
             // Reset number of flushes since used
@@ -385,7 +378,7 @@
     // TODO: consider if we should also do this if it's been a long time since the last atlas use
     if (atlasUsedThisFlush) {
         SkTArray<Plot*> availablePlots;
-        uint32_t lastPageIndex = fNumPages - 1;
+        uint32_t lastPageIndex = fNumActivePages - 1;
 
         // For all plots but the last one, update number of flushes since used, and check to see
         // if there are any in the first pages that the last page can safely upload to.
@@ -494,19 +487,15 @@
                 SkDebugf("delete %d\n", fNumPages-1);
             }
 #endif
-            this->deleteLastPage();
+            this->deactivateLastPage();
         }
     }
 
     fPrevFlushToken = startTokenForNextFlush;
 }
 
-bool GrDrawOpAtlas::createNewPage() {
-    if (fNumPages == this->maxPages()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    GrProxyProvider* proxyProvider = fContext->contextPriv().proxyProvider();
+bool GrDrawOpAtlas::createPages(GrProxyProvider* proxyProvider) {
+    SkASSERT(SkIsPow2(fTextureWidth) && SkIsPow2(fTextureHeight));
 
     GrSurfaceDesc desc;
     desc.fFlags = kNone_GrSurfaceFlags;
@@ -515,47 +504,83 @@
     desc.fHeight = fTextureHeight;
     desc.fConfig = fPixelConfig;
 
-    SkASSERT(SkIsPow2(fTextureWidth) && SkIsPow2(fTextureHeight));
-    fProxies[fNumPages] = proxyProvider->createProxy(desc, SkBackingFit::kExact, SkBudgeted::kYes,
-                                                     GrResourceProvider::kNoPendingIO_Flag);
-    if (!fProxies[fNumPages]) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
     int numPlotsX = fTextureWidth/fPlotWidth;
     int numPlotsY = fTextureHeight/fPlotHeight;
 
-    // set up allocated plots
-    fPages[fNumPages].fPlotArray.reset(new sk_sp<Plot>[ numPlotsX * numPlotsY ]);
-
-    sk_sp<Plot>* currPlot = fPages[fNumPages].fPlotArray.get();
-    for (int y = numPlotsY - 1, r = 0; y >= 0; --y, ++r) {
-        for (int x = numPlotsX - 1, c = 0; x >= 0; --x, ++c) {
-            uint32_t plotIndex = r * numPlotsX + c;
-            currPlot->reset(new Plot(fNumPages, plotIndex, 1, x, y, fPlotWidth, fPlotHeight,
-                                     fPixelConfig));
-
-            // build LRU list
-            fPages[fNumPages].fPlotList.addToHead(currPlot->get());
-            ++currPlot;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < this->maxPages(); ++i) {
+        fProxies[i] = proxyProvider->createProxy(desc, SkBackingFit::kExact, SkBudgeted::kYes,
+                                                 GrResourceProvider::kNoPendingIO_Flag);
+        if (!fProxies[i]) {
+            return false;
         }
+
+        // set up allocated plots
+        fPages[i].fPlotArray.reset(new sk_sp<Plot>[ numPlotsX * numPlotsY ]);
+
+        sk_sp<Plot>* currPlot = fPages[i].fPlotArray.get();
+        for (int y = numPlotsY - 1, r = 0; y >= 0; --y, ++r) {
+            for (int x = numPlotsX - 1, c = 0; x >= 0; --x, ++c) {
+                uint32_t plotIndex = r * numPlotsX + c;
+                currPlot->reset(new Plot(i, plotIndex, 1, x, y, fPlotWidth, fPlotHeight,
+                                         fPixelConfig));
+
+                // build LRU list
+                fPages[i].fPlotList.addToHead(currPlot->get());
+                ++currPlot;
+            }
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool GrDrawOpAtlas::activateNewPage(GrResourceProvider* resourceProvider) {
+    if (fNumActivePages >= this->maxPages()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!fProxies[fNumActivePages]->instantiate(resourceProvider)) {
+        return false;
     }
 
 #ifdef DUMP_ATLAS_DATA
     if (gDumpAtlasData) {
-        SkDebugf("created %d\n", fNumPages);
+        SkDebugf("activated page#: %d\n", fNumActivePages);
     }
 #endif
-    fNumPages++;
+
+    ++fNumActivePages;
     return true;
 }
 
-inline void GrDrawOpAtlas::deleteLastPage() {
-    uint32_t lastPageIndex = fNumPages - 1;
-    // clean out the plots
+
+inline void GrDrawOpAtlas::deactivateLastPage() {
+    SkASSERT(fNumActivePages);
+
+    uint32_t lastPageIndex = fNumActivePages - 1;
+
+    int numPlotsX = fTextureWidth/fPlotWidth;
+    int numPlotsY = fTextureHeight/fPlotHeight;
+
     fPages[lastPageIndex].fPlotList.reset();
-    fPages[lastPageIndex].fPlotArray.reset(nullptr);
-    // remove ref to texture proxy
-    fProxies[lastPageIndex].reset(nullptr);
-    --fNumPages;
+    for (int y = numPlotsY - 1, r = 0; y >= 0; --y, ++r) {
+        for (int x = numPlotsX - 1, c = 0; x >= 0; --x, ++c) {
+            uint32_t plotIndex = r * numPlotsX + c;
+
+            Plot* currPlot = fPages[lastPageIndex].fPlotArray[plotIndex].get();
+            currPlot->resetRects();
+            currPlot->resetFlushesSinceLastUsed();
+
+            // rebuild the LRU list
+            SkDEBUGCODE(currPlot->fPrev = currPlot->fNext = nullptr);
+            SkDEBUGCODE(currPlot->fList = nullptr);
+            fPages[lastPageIndex].fPlotList.addToHead(currPlot);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // remove ref to the backing texture
+    fProxies[lastPageIndex]->deInstantiate();
+    --fNumActivePages;
 }
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.h b/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.h
index a2c9859..b849d9e 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.h
+++ b/src/gpu/GrDrawOpAtlas.h
@@ -91,7 +91,8 @@
      *                          eviction occurs
      *  @return                 An initialized GrDrawOpAtlas, or nullptr if creation fails
      */
-    static std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> Make(GrContext*, GrPixelConfig, int width, int height,
+    static std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> Make(GrProxyProvider*, GrPixelConfig,
+                                               int width, int height,
                                                int numPlotsX, int numPlotsY,
                                                AllowMultitexturing allowMultitexturing,
                                                GrDrawOpAtlas::EvictionFunc func, void* data);
@@ -108,19 +109,21 @@
      * 'setUseToken' with the currentToken from the GrDrawOp::Target, otherwise the next call to
      * addToAtlas might cause the previous data to be overwritten before it has been read.
      */
-    bool addToAtlas(AtlasID*, GrDeferredUploadTarget*, int width, int height, const void* image,
-                    SkIPoint16* loc);
+    bool addToAtlas(GrResourceProvider*, AtlasID*, GrDeferredUploadTarget*, int width, int height,
+                    const void* image, SkIPoint16* loc);
 
-    GrContext* context() const { return fContext; }
     const sk_sp<GrTextureProxy>* getProxies() const { return fProxies; }
 
     uint64_t atlasGeneration() const { return fAtlasGeneration; }
 
     inline bool hasID(AtlasID id) {
+        if (kInvalidAtlasID == id) {
+            return false;
+        }
         uint32_t plot = GetPlotIndexFromID(id);
         SkASSERT(plot < fNumPlots);
         uint32_t page = GetPageIndexFromID(id);
-        SkASSERT(page < fNumPages);
+        SkASSERT(page < fNumActivePages);
         return fPages[page].fPlotArray[plot]->genID() == GetGenerationFromID(id);
     }
 
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@
         uint32_t plotIdx = GetPlotIndexFromID(id);
         SkASSERT(plotIdx < fNumPlots);
         uint32_t pageIdx = GetPageIndexFromID(id);
-        SkASSERT(pageIdx < fNumPages);
+        SkASSERT(pageIdx < fNumActivePages);
         Plot* plot = fPages[pageIdx].fPlotArray[plotIdx].get();
         this->makeMRU(plot, pageIdx);
         plot->setLastUseToken(token);
@@ -142,7 +145,7 @@
         data->fData = userData;
     }
 
-    uint32_t pageCount() { return fNumPages; }
+    uint32_t numActivePages() { return fNumActivePages; }
 
     /**
      * A class which can be handed back to GrDrawOpAtlas for updating last use tokens in bulk.  The
@@ -204,7 +207,7 @@
             const BulkUseTokenUpdater::PlotData& pd = updater.fPlotsToUpdate[i];
             // it's possible we've added a plot to the updater and subsequently the plot's page
             // was deleted -- so we check to prevent a crash
-            if (pd.fPageIndex < fNumPages) {
+            if (pd.fPageIndex < fNumActivePages) {
                 Plot* plot = fPages[pd.fPageIndex].fPlotArray[pd.fPlotIndex].get();
                 this->makeMRU(plot, pd.fPageIndex);
                 plot->setLastUseToken(token);
@@ -225,12 +228,14 @@
 
     void instantiate(GrOnFlushResourceProvider*);
 
-private:
     uint32_t maxPages() const {
         return AllowMultitexturing::kYes == fAllowMultitexturing ? kMaxMultitexturePages : 1;
     }
 
-    GrDrawOpAtlas(GrContext*, GrPixelConfig config, int width, int height, int numPlotsX,
+    int numAllocated_TestingOnly() const;
+
+private:
+    GrDrawOpAtlas(GrProxyProvider*, GrPixelConfig, int width, int height, int numPlotsX,
                   int numPlotsY, AllowMultitexturing allowMultitexturing);
 
     /**
@@ -354,8 +359,9 @@
         // the front and remove from the back there is no need for MRU.
     }
 
-    bool createNewPage();
-    void deleteLastPage();
+    bool createPages(GrProxyProvider*);
+    bool activateNewPage(GrResourceProvider*);
+    void deactivateLastPage();
 
     void processEviction(AtlasID);
     inline void processEvictionAndResetRects(Plot* plot) {
@@ -363,7 +369,6 @@
         plot->resetRects();
     }
 
-    GrContext*            fContext;
     GrPixelConfig         fPixelConfig;
     int                   fTextureWidth;
     int                   fTextureHeight;
@@ -392,7 +397,8 @@
     sk_sp<GrTextureProxy> fProxies[kMaxMultitexturePages];
     Page fPages[kMaxMultitexturePages];
     AllowMultitexturing fAllowMultitexturing;
-    uint32_t fNumPages;
+
+    uint32_t fNumActivePages;
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrOnFlushResourceProvider.h b/src/gpu/GrOnFlushResourceProvider.h
index 456b1ce..75b9b0c 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrOnFlushResourceProvider.h
+++ b/src/gpu/GrOnFlushResourceProvider.h
@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@
  */
 class GrOnFlushResourceProvider {
 public:
+    explicit GrOnFlushResourceProvider(GrDrawingManager* drawingMgr) : fDrawingMgr(drawingMgr) {}
+
     sk_sp<GrRenderTargetContext> makeRenderTargetContext(const GrSurfaceDesc&,
                                                          sk_sp<SkColorSpace>,
                                                          const SkSurfaceProps*);
@@ -86,13 +88,10 @@
     const GrCaps* caps() const;
 
 private:
-    explicit GrOnFlushResourceProvider(GrDrawingManager* drawingMgr) : fDrawingMgr(drawingMgr) {}
     GrOnFlushResourceProvider(const GrOnFlushResourceProvider&) = delete;
     GrOnFlushResourceProvider& operator=(const GrOnFlushResourceProvider&) = delete;
 
     GrDrawingManager* fDrawingMgr;
-
-    friend class GrDrawingManager; // to construct this type.
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/src/gpu/GrSurfaceProxy.cpp b/src/gpu/GrSurfaceProxy.cpp
index 800b447..7acc03b 100644
--- a/src/gpu/GrSurfaceProxy.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/GrSurfaceProxy.cpp
@@ -208,6 +208,13 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void GrSurfaceProxy::deInstantiate() {
+    SkASSERT(this->priv().isInstantiated());
+
+    this->release();
+}
+
+
 void GrSurfaceProxy::computeScratchKey(GrScratchKey* key) const {
     SkASSERT(LazyState::kFully != this->lazyInstantiationState());
     const GrRenderTargetProxy* rtp = this->asRenderTargetProxy();
diff --git a/src/gpu/ops/GrAtlasTextOp.cpp b/src/gpu/ops/GrAtlasTextOp.cpp
index 46f3809..952b3ba 100644
--- a/src/gpu/ops/GrAtlasTextOp.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/ops/GrAtlasTextOp.cpp
@@ -222,6 +222,8 @@
 }
 
 void GrAtlasTextOp::onPrepareDraws(Target* target) {
+    auto resourceProvider = target->resourceProvider();
+
     // if we have RGB, then we won't have any SkShaders so no need to use a localmatrix.
     // TODO actually only invert if we don't have RGBA
     SkMatrix localMatrix;
@@ -234,7 +236,7 @@
 
     unsigned int atlasPageCount;
     const sk_sp<GrTextureProxy>* proxies = fFontCache->getProxies(maskFormat, &atlasPageCount);
-    if (!atlasPageCount || !proxies[0]) {
+    if (!proxies[0]) {
         SkDebugf("Could not allocate backing texture for atlas\n");
         return;
     }
@@ -276,8 +278,8 @@
         const Geometry& args = fGeoData[i];
         Blob* blob = args.fBlob;
         GrAtlasTextBlob::VertexRegenerator regenerator(
-                blob, args.fRun, args.fSubRun, args.fViewMatrix, args.fX, args.fY, args.fColor,
-                target->deferredUploadTarget(), fFontCache, &glyphCache);
+                resourceProvider, blob, args.fRun, args.fSubRun, args.fViewMatrix, args.fX, args.fY,
+                args.fColor, target->deferredUploadTarget(), fFontCache, &glyphCache);
         GrAtlasTextBlob::VertexRegenerator::Result result;
         do {
             result = regenerator.regenerate();
diff --git a/src/gpu/ops/GrSmallPathRenderer.cpp b/src/gpu/ops/GrSmallPathRenderer.cpp
index 3e7da52..c4201d7 100644
--- a/src/gpu/ops/GrSmallPathRenderer.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/ops/GrSmallPathRenderer.cpp
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@
         fHelper.visitProxies(func);
 
         const sk_sp<GrTextureProxy>* proxies = fAtlas->getProxies();
-        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fAtlas->pageCount(); ++i) {
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fAtlas->numActivePages(); ++i) {
             SkASSERT(proxies[i]);
             func(proxies[i].get());
         }
@@ -222,11 +222,6 @@
         FlushInfo flushInfo;
         flushInfo.fPipeline = fHelper.makePipeline(target);
         // Setup GrGeometryProcessor
-        GrDrawOpAtlas* atlas = fAtlas;
-        uint32_t atlasPageCount = atlas->pageCount();
-        if (!atlasPageCount) {
-            return;
-        }
         const SkMatrix& ctm = fShapes[0].fViewMatrix;
         if (fUsesDistanceField) {
             uint32_t flags = 0;
@@ -249,7 +244,7 @@
                 matrix = &SkMatrix::I();
             }
             flushInfo.fGeometryProcessor = GrDistanceFieldPathGeoProc::Make(
-                    *matrix, atlas->getProxies(), GrSamplerState::ClampBilerp(), flags);
+                    *matrix, fAtlas->getProxies(), GrSamplerState::ClampBilerp(), flags);
         } else {
             SkMatrix invert;
             if (fHelper.usesLocalCoords()) {
@@ -260,7 +255,7 @@
             }
 
             flushInfo.fGeometryProcessor = GrBitmapTextGeoProc::Make(
-                    this->color(), atlas->getProxies(), GrSamplerState::ClampNearest(),
+                    this->color(), fAtlas->getProxies(), GrSamplerState::ClampNearest(),
                     kA8_GrMaskFormat, invert, fHelper.usesLocalCoords());
         }
 
@@ -335,7 +330,7 @@
                 // check to see if df path is cached
                 ShapeData::Key key(args.fShape, SkScalarCeilToInt(desiredDimension));
                 shapeData = fShapeCache->find(key);
-                if (nullptr == shapeData || !atlas->hasID(shapeData->fID)) {
+                if (nullptr == shapeData || !fAtlas->hasID(shapeData->fID)) {
                     // Remove the stale cache entry
                     if (shapeData) {
                         fShapeCache->remove(shapeData->fKey);
@@ -347,7 +342,7 @@
                     shapeData = new ShapeData;
                     if (!this->addDFPathToAtlas(target,
                                                 &flushInfo,
-                                                atlas,
+                                                fAtlas,
                                                 shapeData,
                                                 args.fShape,
                                                 SkScalarCeilToInt(desiredDimension),
@@ -360,7 +355,7 @@
                 // check to see if bitmap path is cached
                 ShapeData::Key key(args.fShape, args.fViewMatrix);
                 shapeData = fShapeCache->find(key);
-                if (nullptr == shapeData || !atlas->hasID(shapeData->fID)) {
+                if (nullptr == shapeData || !fAtlas->hasID(shapeData->fID)) {
                     // Remove the stale cache entry
                     if (shapeData) {
                         fShapeCache->remove(shapeData->fKey);
@@ -371,7 +366,7 @@
                     shapeData = new ShapeData;
                     if (!this->addBMPathToAtlas(target,
                                                 &flushInfo,
-                                                atlas,
+                                                fAtlas,
                                                 shapeData,
                                                 args.fShape,
                                                 args.fViewMatrix)) {
@@ -382,9 +377,9 @@
             }
 
             auto uploadTarget = target->deferredUploadTarget();
-            atlas->setLastUseToken(shapeData->fID, uploadTarget->tokenTracker()->nextDrawToken());
+            fAtlas->setLastUseToken(shapeData->fID, uploadTarget->tokenTracker()->nextDrawToken());
 
-            this->writePathVertices(atlas,
+            this->writePathVertices(fAtlas,
                                     offset,
                                     args.fColor,
                                     vertexStride,
@@ -400,6 +395,8 @@
     bool addDFPathToAtlas(GrMeshDrawOp::Target* target, FlushInfo* flushInfo,
                           GrDrawOpAtlas* atlas, ShapeData* shapeData, const GrShape& shape,
                           uint32_t dimension, SkScalar scale) const {
+        auto resourceProvider = target->resourceProvider();
+
         const SkRect& bounds = shape.bounds();
 
         // generate bounding rect for bitmap draw
@@ -488,10 +485,11 @@
         SkIPoint16 atlasLocation;
         GrDrawOpAtlas::AtlasID id;
         auto uploadTarget = target->deferredUploadTarget();
-        if (!atlas->addToAtlas(&id, uploadTarget, width, height, dfStorage.get(), &atlasLocation)) {
+        if (!atlas->addToAtlas(resourceProvider, &id, uploadTarget, width, height,
+                               dfStorage.get(), &atlasLocation)) {
             this->flush(target, flushInfo);
-            if (!atlas->addToAtlas(&id, uploadTarget, width, height, dfStorage.get(),
-                                   &atlasLocation)) {
+            if (!atlas->addToAtlas(resourceProvider, &id, uploadTarget, width, height,
+                                   dfStorage.get(), &atlasLocation)) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -530,6 +528,8 @@
     bool addBMPathToAtlas(GrMeshDrawOp::Target* target, FlushInfo* flushInfo,
                           GrDrawOpAtlas* atlas, ShapeData* shapeData, const GrShape& shape,
                           const SkMatrix& ctm) const {
+        auto resourceProvider = target->resourceProvider();
+
         const SkRect& bounds = shape.bounds();
         if (bounds.isEmpty()) {
             return false;
@@ -590,11 +590,11 @@
         SkIPoint16 atlasLocation;
         GrDrawOpAtlas::AtlasID id;
         auto uploadTarget = target->deferredUploadTarget();
-        if (!atlas->addToAtlas(&id, uploadTarget, dst.width(), dst.height(), dst.addr(),
-                               &atlasLocation)) {
+        if (!atlas->addToAtlas(resourceProvider, &id, uploadTarget, dst.width(), dst.height(),
+                               dst.addr(), &atlasLocation)) {
             this->flush(target, flushInfo);
-            if (!atlas->addToAtlas(&id, uploadTarget, dst.width(), dst.height(), dst.addr(),
-                                   &atlasLocation)) {
+            if (!atlas->addToAtlas(resourceProvider, &id, uploadTarget, dst.width(), dst.height(),
+                                   dst.addr(), &atlasLocation)) {
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@
 
     void flush(GrMeshDrawOp::Target* target, FlushInfo* flushInfo) const {
         GrGeometryProcessor* gp = flushInfo->fGeometryProcessor.get();
-        if (gp->numTextureSamplers() != (int)fAtlas->pageCount()) {
+        if (gp->numTextureSamplers() != (int)fAtlas->numActivePages()) {
             // During preparation the number of atlas pages has increased.
             // Update the proxies used in the GP to match.
             if (fUsesDistanceField) {
@@ -788,7 +788,7 @@
     SkASSERT(!args.fShape->isEmpty());
     SkASSERT(args.fShape->hasUnstyledKey());
     if (!fAtlas) {
-        fAtlas = GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(args.fContext,
+        fAtlas = GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(args.fContext->contextPriv().proxyProvider(),
                                      kAlpha_8_GrPixelConfig,
                                      ATLAS_TEXTURE_WIDTH, ATLAS_TEXTURE_HEIGHT,
                                      NUM_PLOTS_X, NUM_PLOTS_Y,
@@ -858,7 +858,8 @@
     if (context->uniqueID() != gTestStruct.fContextID) {
         gTestStruct.fContextID = context->uniqueID();
         gTestStruct.reset();
-        gTestStruct.fAtlas = GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(context, kAlpha_8_GrPixelConfig,
+        gTestStruct.fAtlas = GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(context->contextPriv().proxyProvider(),
+                                                 kAlpha_8_GrPixelConfig,
                                                  ATLAS_TEXTURE_WIDTH, ATLAS_TEXTURE_HEIGHT,
                                                  NUM_PLOTS_X, NUM_PLOTS_Y,
                                                  GrDrawOpAtlas::AllowMultitexturing::kYes,
diff --git a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.cpp b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.cpp
index fb52250..f7b1e12 100644
--- a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.cpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include "GrContext.h"
 #include "GrDistanceFieldGenFromVector.h"
 #include "GrGpu.h"
+#include "GrProxyProvider.h"
 #include "GrRectanizer.h"
 
 #include "SkAutoMalloc.h"
@@ -19,14 +20,14 @@
 bool GrAtlasGlyphCache::initAtlas(GrMaskFormat format) {
     int index = MaskFormatToAtlasIndex(format);
     if (!fAtlases[index]) {
-        GrPixelConfig config = MaskFormatToPixelConfig(format, *fContext->caps());
+        GrPixelConfig config = MaskFormatToPixelConfig(format, *fProxyProvider->caps());
         int width = fAtlasConfigs[index].fWidth;
         int height = fAtlasConfigs[index].fHeight;
         int numPlotsX = fAtlasConfigs[index].numPlotsX();
         int numPlotsY = fAtlasConfigs[index].numPlotsY();
 
-        fAtlases[index] = GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(fContext, config, width, height, numPlotsX, numPlotsY,
-                                              fAllowMultitexturing,
+        fAtlases[index] = GrDrawOpAtlas::Make(fProxyProvider, config, width, height,
+                                              numPlotsX, numPlotsY, fAllowMultitexturing,
                                               &GrAtlasGlyphCache::HandleEviction, (void*)this);
         if (!fAtlases[index]) {
             return false;
@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-GrAtlasGlyphCache::GrAtlasGlyphCache(GrContext* context, float maxTextureBytes,
+GrAtlasGlyphCache::GrAtlasGlyphCache(GrProxyProvider* proxyProvider, float maxTextureBytes,
                                      GrDrawOpAtlas::AllowMultitexturing allowMultitexturing)
-        : fContext(context), fAllowMultitexturing(allowMultitexturing), fPreserveStrike(nullptr) {
+            : fProxyProvider(proxyProvider)
+            , fAllowMultitexturing(allowMultitexturing)
+            , fPreserveStrike(nullptr) {
     // Calculate RGBA size. Must be between 512 x 256 and MaxTextureSize x MaxTextureSize / 2
-    int log2MaxTextureSize = SkPrevLog2(context->caps()->maxTextureSize());
+    int log2MaxTextureSize = SkPrevLog2(fProxyProvider->caps()->maxTextureSize());
     int log2MaxDim = 9;
     for (; log2MaxDim <= log2MaxTextureSize; ++log2MaxDim) {
         int maxDim = 1 << log2MaxDim;
@@ -174,12 +177,12 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void GrAtlasGlyphCache::dump() const {
+void GrAtlasGlyphCache::dump(GrContext* context) const {
     static int gDumpCount = 0;
     for (int i = 0; i < kMaskFormatCount; ++i) {
         if (fAtlases[i]) {
             const sk_sp<GrTextureProxy>* proxies = fAtlases[i]->getProxies();
-            for (uint32_t pageIdx = 0; pageIdx < fAtlases[i]->pageCount(); ++pageIdx) {
+            for (uint32_t pageIdx = 0; pageIdx < fAtlases[i]->numActivePages(); ++pageIdx) {
                 SkASSERT(proxies[pageIdx]);
                 SkString filename;
 #ifdef SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@
                 filename.printf("fontcache_%d%d%d.png", gDumpCount, i, pageIdx);
 #endif
 
-                save_pixels(fContext, proxies[pageIdx].get(), filename.c_str());
+                save_pixels(context, proxies[pageIdx].get(), filename.c_str());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -445,7 +448,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool GrAtlasTextStrike::addGlyphToAtlas(GrDeferredUploadTarget* target,
+bool GrAtlasTextStrike::addGlyphToAtlas(GrResourceProvider* resourceProvider,
+                                        GrDeferredUploadTarget* target,
                                         GrAtlasGlyphCache* atlasGlyphCache,
                                         GrGlyph* glyph,
                                         SkGlyphCache* cache,
@@ -473,7 +477,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    bool success = atlasGlyphCache->addToAtlas(this, &glyph->fID, target, expectedMaskFormat,
+    bool success = atlasGlyphCache->addToAtlas(resourceProvider, this, &glyph->fID, target,
+                                               expectedMaskFormat,
                                                glyph->width(), glyph->height(),
                                                storage.get(), &glyph->fAtlasLocation);
     if (success) {
diff --git a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.h b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.h
index 6175342..84b7d1b 100644
--- a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.h
+++ b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasGlyphCache.h
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
     // happen.
     // TODO we can handle some of these cases if we really want to, but the long term solution is to
     // get the actual glyph image itself when we get the glyph metrics.
-    bool addGlyphToAtlas(GrDeferredUploadTarget*, GrAtlasGlyphCache*, GrGlyph*, SkGlyphCache*,
-                         GrMaskFormat expectedMaskFormat);
+    bool addGlyphToAtlas(GrResourceProvider*, GrDeferredUploadTarget*, GrAtlasGlyphCache*, GrGlyph*,
+                         SkGlyphCache*, GrMaskFormat expectedMaskFormat);
 
     // testing
     int countGlyphs() const { return fCache.count(); }
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@
  */
 class GrAtlasGlyphCache : public GrOnFlushCallbackObject {
 public:
-    GrAtlasGlyphCache(GrContext*, float maxTextureBytes, GrDrawOpAtlas::AllowMultitexturing);
+    GrAtlasGlyphCache(GrProxyProvider*, float maxTextureBytes,
+                      GrDrawOpAtlas::AllowMultitexturing);
     ~GrAtlasGlyphCache() override;
     // The user of the cache may hold a long-lived ref to the returned strike. However, actions by
     // another client of the cache may cause the strike to be purged while it is still reffed.
@@ -132,7 +133,7 @@
         SkASSERT(numProxies);
 
         if (this->initAtlas(format)) {
-            *numProxies = this->getAtlas(format)->pageCount();
+            *numProxies = this->getAtlas(format)->numActivePages();
             return this->getAtlas(format)->getProxies();
         }
         *numProxies = 0;
@@ -165,11 +166,13 @@
     }
 
     // add to texture atlas that matches this format
-    bool addToAtlas(GrAtlasTextStrike* strike, GrDrawOpAtlas::AtlasID* id,
+    bool addToAtlas(GrResourceProvider* resourceProvider, GrAtlasTextStrike* strike,
+                    GrDrawOpAtlas::AtlasID* id,
                     GrDeferredUploadTarget* target, GrMaskFormat format, int width, int height,
                     const void* image, SkIPoint16* loc) {
         fPreserveStrike = strike;
-        return this->getAtlas(format)->addToAtlas(id, target, width, height, image, loc);
+        return this->getAtlas(format)->addToAtlas(resourceProvider, id, target,
+                                                  width, height, image, loc);
     }
 
     // Some clients may wish to verify the integrity of the texture backing store of the
@@ -190,8 +193,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    void postFlush(GrDeferredUploadToken startTokenForNextFlush,
-                   const uint32_t* opListIDs, int numOpListIDs) override {
+    void postFlush(GrDeferredUploadToken startTokenForNextFlush, const uint32_t*, int) override {
         for (int i = 0; i < kMaskFormatCount; ++i) {
             if (fAtlases[i]) {
                 fAtlases[i]->compact(startTokenForNextFlush);
@@ -206,13 +208,11 @@
     ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
     // Functions intended debug only
 #ifdef SK_DEBUG
-    void dump() const;
+    void dump(GrContext*) const;
 #endif
 
     void setAtlasSizes_ForTesting(const GrDrawOpAtlasConfig configs[3]);
 
-    GrContext* context() const { return fContext; }
-
 private:
     static GrPixelConfig MaskFormatToPixelConfig(GrMaskFormat format, const GrCaps& caps) {
         switch (format) {
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
     static void HandleEviction(GrDrawOpAtlas::AtlasID, void*);
 
     using StrikeHash = SkTDynamicHash<GrAtlasTextStrike, SkDescriptor>;
-    GrContext* fContext;
+    GrProxyProvider* fProxyProvider;
     StrikeHash fCache;
     GrDrawOpAtlas::AllowMultitexturing fAllowMultitexturing;
     std::unique_ptr<GrDrawOpAtlas> fAtlases[kMaskFormatCount];
diff --git a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlob.h b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlob.h
index 6e1d0b1..0fae3cd 100644
--- a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlob.h
+++ b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlob.h
@@ -560,9 +560,9 @@
      * SkAutoGlyphCache is reused then it can save the cost of multiple detach/attach operations of
      * SkGlyphCache.
      */
-    VertexRegenerator(GrAtlasTextBlob* blob, int runIdx, int subRunIdx, const SkMatrix& viewMatrix,
-                      SkScalar x, SkScalar y, GrColor color, GrDeferredUploadTarget*,
-                      GrAtlasGlyphCache*, SkAutoGlyphCache*);
+    VertexRegenerator(GrResourceProvider*, GrAtlasTextBlob*, int runIdx, int subRunIdx,
+                      const SkMatrix& viewMatrix, SkScalar x, SkScalar y, GrColor color,
+                      GrDeferredUploadTarget*, GrAtlasGlyphCache*, SkAutoGlyphCache*);
 
     struct Result {
         /**
@@ -589,6 +589,7 @@
     template <bool regenPos, bool regenCol, bool regenTexCoords, bool regenGlyphs>
     Result doRegen();
 
+    GrResourceProvider* fResourceProvider;
     const SkMatrix& fViewMatrix;
     GrAtlasTextBlob* fBlob;
     GrDeferredUploadTarget* fUploadTarget;
diff --git a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlobVertexRegenerator.cpp b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlobVertexRegenerator.cpp
index 1a9c3d7..500ae31 100644
--- a/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlobVertexRegenerator.cpp
+++ b/src/gpu/text/GrAtlasTextBlobVertexRegenerator.cpp
@@ -190,11 +190,13 @@
     }
 }
 
-Regenerator::VertexRegenerator(GrAtlasTextBlob* blob, int runIdx, int subRunIdx,
+Regenerator::VertexRegenerator(GrResourceProvider* resourceProvider, GrAtlasTextBlob* blob,
+                               int runIdx, int subRunIdx,
                                const SkMatrix& viewMatrix, SkScalar x, SkScalar y, GrColor color,
                                GrDeferredUploadTarget* uploadTarget, GrAtlasGlyphCache* glyphCache,
                                SkAutoGlyphCache* lazyCache)
-        : fViewMatrix(viewMatrix)
+        : fResourceProvider(resourceProvider)
+        , fViewMatrix(viewMatrix)
         , fBlob(blob)
         , fUploadTarget(uploadTarget)
         , fGlyphCache(glyphCache)
@@ -274,8 +276,8 @@
             SkASSERT(glyph && glyph->fMaskFormat == fSubRun->maskFormat());
 
             if (!fGlyphCache->hasGlyph(glyph) &&
-                !strike->addGlyphToAtlas(fUploadTarget, fGlyphCache, glyph, fLazyCache->get(),
-                                         fSubRun->maskFormat())) {
+                !strike->addGlyphToAtlas(fResourceProvider, fUploadTarget, fGlyphCache, glyph,
+                                         fLazyCache->get(), fSubRun->maskFormat())) {
                 fBrokenRun = glyphIdx > 0;
                 result.fFinished = false;
                 return result;