Fix UB in SkDivBits

DIVBITS_ITER was shifting bits up into the sign bit, which is a no-no.
This turns numer into a uint32_t to make those defined, and adds a few notes.

x >= 0 is always true for unsigned x, so we needed a few small logic refactors.

BUG=skia:3562

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1455163004
4 files changed