Fix exception handling in SkRawCodec

cherry-pick of f236ee4e44662e519db4b4997eee5d2bc8543f9c in master

BUG=b/27425935

Original commit message below:

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Enable RAW codec for Windows

* Fix the exception catching
* Set preprocessor differently for MSVC

BUG=skia:4889(b/26958348)
GOLD_TRYBOT_URL= https://gold.skia.org/search2?unt=true&query=source_type%3Dgm&master=false&issue=1738913002

Committed: https://skia.googlesource.com/skia/+/474e4c3dd28b67f590851321f15d9983ef7fd031

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1738913002

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NOTREECHECKS=true
NOTRY=true
NOPRESUBMIT=true

Review URL: https://codereview.chromium.org/1757493002
5 files changed