diff --git a/gm/gm_error.h b/gm/gm_error.h
index ced3391..aab0ec0 100644
--- a/gm/gm_error.h
+++ b/gm/gm_error.h
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
         // or off (as long as the number of these errors is 0).
         kNoGpuContext_ErrorType,
 
-        kImageMismatch_ErrorType,
+        kRenderModeMismatch_ErrorType,
+        kExpectationsMismatch_ErrorType,
         kMissingExpectations_ErrorType,
         kWritingReferenceImage_ErrorType,
         kLast_ErrorType = kWritingReferenceImage_ErrorType
@@ -39,8 +40,10 @@
         switch(type) {
         case kNoGpuContext_ErrorType:
             return "NoGpuContext";
-        case kImageMismatch_ErrorType:
-            return "ImageMismatch";
+        case kRenderModeMismatch_ErrorType:
+            return "RenderModeMismatch";
+        case kExpectationsMismatch_ErrorType:
+            return "ExpectationsMismatch";
         case kMissingExpectations_ErrorType:
             return "MissingExpectations";
         case kWritingReferenceImage_ErrorType:
diff --git a/gm/gmmain.cpp b/gm/gmmain.cpp
index 6cb47aa..8501064 100644
--- a/gm/gmmain.cpp
+++ b/gm/gmmain.cpp
@@ -272,7 +272,8 @@
         }
 
         // Things to do only if there is some error condition.
-        SkString fullName = make_name(name.c_str(), renderModeDescriptor);
+        SkString fullName = name;
+        fullName.append(renderModeDescriptor);
         for (int typeInt = 0; typeInt <= kLast_ErrorType; typeInt++) {
             ErrorType type = static_cast<ErrorType>(typeInt);
             if (errorCombination.includes(type)) {
@@ -683,18 +684,17 @@
      * @param baseNameString name of test without renderModeDescriptor added
      * @param renderModeDescriptor e.g., "-rtree", "-deferred"
      * @param addToJsonSummary whether to add these results (both actual and
-     *        expected) to the JSON summary
-     *
-     * TODO: For now, addToJsonSummary is only set to true within
-     * compare_test_results_to_stored_expectations(), so results of our
-     * in-memory comparisons (Rtree vs regular, etc.) are not written to the
-     * JSON summary.  We may wish to change that.
+     *        expected) to the JSON summary. Regardless of this setting, if
+     *        we find an image mismatch in this test, we will write these
+     *        results to the JSON summary.  (This is so that we will always
+     *        report errors across rendering modes, such as pipe vs tiled.
+     *        See https://codereview.chromium.org/13650002/ )
      */
     ErrorCombination compare_to_expectations(Expectations expectations,
                                              const SkBitmap& actualBitmap,
                                              const SkString& baseNameString,
                                              const char renderModeDescriptor[],
-                                             bool addToJsonSummary=false) {
+                                             bool addToJsonSummary) {
         ErrorCombination errors;
         Checksum actualChecksum = SkBitmapChecksummer::Compute64(actualBitmap);
         SkString completeNameString = baseNameString;
@@ -704,7 +704,14 @@
         if (expectations.empty()) {
             errors.add(kMissingExpectations_ErrorType);
         } else if (!expectations.match(actualChecksum)) {
-            errors.add(kImageMismatch_ErrorType);
+            addToJsonSummary = true;
+            // The error mode we record depends on whether this was running
+            // in a non-standard renderMode.
+            if ('\0' == *renderModeDescriptor) {
+                errors.add(kExpectationsMismatch_ErrorType);
+            } else {
+                errors.add(kRenderModeMismatch_ErrorType);
+            }
 
             // Write out the "actuals" for any mismatches, if we have
             // been directed to do so.
@@ -753,7 +760,7 @@
                 // (where we can set ignore-failure to either true or
                 // false), add test cases that exercise ignored
                 // failures (both for kMissingExpectations_ErrorType
-                // and kImageMismatch_ErrorType).
+                // and kExpectationsMismatch_ErrorType).
                 this->fJsonActualResults_FailureIgnored[testName] =
                     actualResults;
             } else {
@@ -772,7 +779,8 @@
                     this->fJsonActualResults_NoComparison[testName] =
                         actualResults;
                 }
-                if (result.includes(kImageMismatch_ErrorType)) {
+                if (result.includes(kExpectationsMismatch_ErrorType) ||
+                    result.includes(kRenderModeMismatch_ErrorType)) {
                     this->fJsonActualResults_Failed[testName] = actualResults;
                 }
             }
@@ -866,18 +874,11 @@
         GM* gm, const ConfigData& gRec, const char renderModeDescriptor [],
         SkBitmap& actualBitmap, const SkBitmap* referenceBitmap) {
 
-        // TODO(epoger): This method is run to compare results across
-        // different rendering modes (as opposed to
-        // compare_test_results_to_stored_expectations(), which
-        // compares results against expectations stored on disk).  If
-        // we would like the GenerateGMs step to distinguish between
-        // those two types of mismatches, we should report image
-        // mismatches in here with a different ErrorType.
         SkASSERT(referenceBitmap);
         SkString name = make_name(gm->shortName(), gRec.fName);
         Expectations expectations(*referenceBitmap);
         return compare_to_expectations(expectations, actualBitmap,
-                                       name, renderModeDescriptor);
+                                       name, renderModeDescriptor, false);
     }
 
     static SkPicture* generate_new_picture(GM* gm, BbhType bbhType, uint32_t recordFlags,
@@ -996,9 +997,8 @@
         return kEmpty_ErrorCombination;
     }
 
-    ErrorCombination test_pipe_playback(GM* gm,
-                                        const ConfigData& gRec,
-                                        const SkBitmap& referenceBitmap) {
+    ErrorCombination test_pipe_playback(GM* gm, const ConfigData& gRec,
+                                        const SkBitmap& referenceBitmap, bool simulateFailure) {
         ErrorCombination errors;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < SK_ARRAY_COUNT(gPipeWritingFlagCombos); ++i) {
             SkBitmap bitmap;
@@ -1010,7 +1010,9 @@
             SkGPipeWriter writer;
             SkCanvas* pipeCanvas = writer.startRecording(
               &pipeController, gPipeWritingFlagCombos[i].flags);
-            invokeGM(gm, pipeCanvas, false, false);
+            if (!simulateFailure) {
+                invokeGM(gm, pipeCanvas, false, false);
+            }
             complete_bitmap(&bitmap);
             writer.endRecording();
             SkString string("-pipe");
@@ -1177,6 +1179,7 @@
 DEFINE_string2(resourcePath, i, "", "Directory that stores image resources.");
 DEFINE_bool(rtree, true, "Exercise the R-Tree variant of SkPicture test pass.");
 DEFINE_bool(serialize, true, "Exercise the SkPicture serialization & deserialization test pass.");
+DEFINE_bool(simulatePipePlaybackFailure, false, "Simulate a rendering failure in pipe mode only.");
 DEFINE_bool(tiledPipe, false, "Exercise tiled SkGPipe replay.");
 DEFINE_bool(tileGrid, true, "Exercise the tile grid variant of SkPicture.");
 DEFINE_string(tileGridReplayScales, "", "Space separated list of floating-point scale "
@@ -1411,10 +1414,6 @@
         errorsForAllModes.add(pictErrors);
     }
 
-    // TODO: add a test in which the RTree rendering results in a
-    // different bitmap than the standard rendering.  It should
-    // show up as failed in the JSON summary, and should be listed
-    // in the stdout also.
     if (!(gmFlags & GM::kSkipPicture_Flag) && FLAGS_rtree) {
         SkPicture* pict = gmmain.generate_new_picture(
             gm, kRTree_BbhType, SkPicture::kUsePathBoundsForClip_RecordingFlag);
@@ -1459,7 +1458,8 @@
         ErrorCombination pipeErrors;
 
         if (FLAGS_pipe) {
-            pipeErrors.add(gmmain.test_pipe_playback(gm, compareConfig, comparisonBitmap));
+            pipeErrors.add(gmmain.test_pipe_playback(gm, compareConfig, comparisonBitmap,
+                                                     FLAGS_simulatePipePlaybackFailure));
         }
 
         if ((pipeErrors.isEmpty()) &&
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout
index 3067409..8b8e61d 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=2 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=2 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 2 ImageMismatch: 8888/selftest1 565/selftest1
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 2 ExpectationsMismatch: 8888/selftest1 565/selftest1
 GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout
index 84b2737..2fd0269 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-different-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=2 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=2 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 2 ImageMismatch: 8888/selftest1 565/selftest1
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 2 ExpectationsMismatch: 8888/selftest1 565/selftest1
 GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-empty-dir/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-empty-dir/output-expected/stdout
index a57916e..829c05e 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-empty-dir/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-empty-dir/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=2 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=2 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 0 ImageMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
 GM: [ ] 2 MissingExpectations: 8888/selftest1 565/selftest1
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-images/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-images/output-expected/stdout
index c67e5bc..5788d69 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-images/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-images/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 0 ImageMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
 GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-json/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-json/output-expected/stdout
index 25f51b5..303a23f 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-json/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-bytes-json/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 0 ImageMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
 GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout
index d23ed86..4c4edba 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-images/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 0 ImageMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
 GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout
index 147c383..9a9d91b 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/compared-against-identical-pixels-json/output-expected/stdout
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 0 ImageMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
 GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/no-readpath/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/no-readpath/output-expected/stdout
index e3b101e..1bdc86d 100644
--- a/gm/tests/outputs/no-readpath/output-expected/stdout
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/no-readpath/output-expected/stdout
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
 GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
 GM: ...  and  7 modes   ["pipe", "pipe cross-process", "pipe cross-process, shared address", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
 GM: ... so there should be a total of 9 tests.
-GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 ImageMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=2 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: Ran 9 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=0 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=2 WritingReferenceImage=0
 GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
-GM: [*] 0 ImageMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 RenderModeMismatch:
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
 GM: [ ] 2 MissingExpectations: 8888/selftest1 565/selftest1
 GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
 GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/command_line b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/command_line
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..950339d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/command_line
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+out/Debug/gm --simulatePipePlaybackFailure --hierarchy --match selftest1 --config 8888 565 -r gm/tests/inputs/json/identical-pixels.json --writeJsonSummaryPath gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-actual/json-summary.txt
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/json-summary.txt b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/json-summary.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..249fe09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/json-summary.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+   "actual-results" : {
+      "failed" : {
+         "comparison/selftest1-pipe" : {
+            "checksum" : 4259036727585789440
+         }
+      },
+      "failure-ignored" : null,
+      "no-comparison" : null,
+      "succeeded" : {
+         "565/selftest1" : {
+            "checksum" : 9512553915271796906
+         },
+         "8888/selftest1" : {
+            "checksum" : 14022967492765711532
+         }
+      }
+   },
+   "expected-results" : {
+      "565/selftest1" : {
+         "checksums" : [ 9512553915271796906 ],
+         "ignore-failure" : false
+      },
+      "8888/selftest1" : {
+         "checksums" : [ 14022967492765711532 ],
+         "ignore-failure" : false
+      },
+      "comparison/selftest1-pipe" : {
+         "checksums" : [ 14022967492765711532 ],
+         "ignore-failure" : false
+      }
+   }
+}
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/return_value b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/return_value
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ace9d03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/return_value
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+255
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/stderr b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e65d374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/stderr
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+GM: ---- comparison/selftest1-pipe: 60000 (of 60000) differing pixels, max per-channel mismatch R=135 G=246 B=135 A=0
diff --git a/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/stdout b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/stdout
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52fc54f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gm/tests/outputs/pipe-playback-failure/output-expected/stdout
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+GM: reading expectations from JSON summary file gm/tests/inputs/json/identical-pixels.json
+GM: drawing... selftest1 [300 200]
+GM: Ran 1 GMs
+GM: ... over  2 configs ["8888", "565"]
+GM: ...  and  5 modes   ["pipe", "replay", "rtree", "serialize", "tilegrid"]
+GM: ... so there should be a total of 7 tests.
+GM: Ran 7 tests: NoGpuContext=0 RenderModeMismatch=1 ExpectationsMismatch=0 MissingExpectations=0 WritingReferenceImage=0
+GM: [*] 0 NoGpuContext:
+GM: [*] 1 RenderModeMismatch: comparison/selftest1-pipe
+GM: [*] 0 ExpectationsMismatch:
+GM: [ ] 0 MissingExpectations:
+GM: [*] 0 WritingReferenceImage:
+GM: (results marked with [*] will cause nonzero return value)
diff --git a/gm/tests/run.sh b/gm/tests/run.sh
index 7ec08be..093f7d7 100755
--- a/gm/tests/run.sh
+++ b/gm/tests/run.sh
@@ -156,4 +156,7 @@
 # section should be empty.
 gm_test "--hierarchy --match selftest1 $CONFIGS" "$GM_OUTPUTS/no-readpath"
 
+# Test what happens if a subset of the renderModes fail (e.g. pipe)
+gm_test "--simulatePipePlaybackFailure --hierarchy --match selftest1 $CONFIGS -r $GM_INPUTS/json/identical-pixels.json" "$GM_OUTPUTS/pipe-playback-failure"
+
 echo "All tests passed."