[automerger skipped] [automerger] RESTRICT AUTOMERGE: Apply security patch to sqlite 3.9. am: e86e209f72 am: a414cb38ca am: 2c8e8d6a63 am: a5cc90b509 skipped: 5ff29daa9e am: 963de7153d am: 5d0d226858
am: 8d2f0e6c24 -s ours
am skip reason: subject contains skip directive

Change-Id: Ibcbc79374084e55a26169cf090b0b8168e105625
diff --git a/OWNERS b/OWNERS
index 7dca068..cc1f868 100644
--- a/OWNERS
+++ b/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
-nnk@google.com
 omakoto@google.com
 fkupolov@google.com
diff --git a/README.version b/README.version
index 9b62c26..a14d841 100644
--- a/README.version
+++ b/README.version
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-URL: https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/553a923c82e96810
-Version: 3.19.4 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4
+URL: https://www.sqlite.org/src/info/c255889bd95bd543
+Version: 3.22.0 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234
 This patch fixes Magellan SQLite Security Vulnerability as in b/121156452
 BugComponent: 24950
diff --git a/android/Android.bp b/android/Android.bp
index d5a1312..9173a03 100644
--- a/android/Android.bp
+++ b/android/Android.bp
@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@
     name: "libsqlite3_android",
     vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
-    cflags: ["-DSQLITE_ENABLE_ICU"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-DSQLITE_ENABLE_ICU",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-function",
+        "-Wno-unused-variable",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "PhoneNumberUtils.cpp",
         "OldPhoneNumberUtils.cpp",
diff --git a/android/OldPhoneNumberUtils.cpp b/android/OldPhoneNumberUtils.cpp
index 9c2f20e..9846a1c 100644
--- a/android/OldPhoneNumberUtils.cpp
+++ b/android/OldPhoneNumberUtils.cpp
@@ -154,33 +154,6 @@
     return state == 6 || state == 7 || state == 8;
 }
 
-/** or -1 if both are negative */
-static int minPositive(int a, int b)
-{
-    if (a >= 0 && b >= 0) {
-        return (a < b) ? a : b;
-    } else if (a >= 0) { /* && b < 0 */
-        return a;
-    } else if (b >= 0) { /* && a < 0 */
-        return b;
-    } else { /* a < 0 && b < 0 */
-        return -1;
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * Return the offset into a of the first appearance of b, or -1 if there
- * is no such character in a.
- */
-static int indexOf(const char *a, char b) {
-    const char *ix = strchr(a, b);
-
-    if (ix == NULL)
-        return -1;
-    else
-        return ix - a;
-}
-
 /**
  * Compare phone numbers a and b, return true if they're identical
  * enough for caller ID purposes.
@@ -270,15 +243,15 @@
      *     (for this, a '0' and a '00' prefix would have succeeded above)
      */
 
-    if (matchIntlPrefix(a, ia + 1) && matchIntlPrefix(b, ib +1)) {
+    if (matchIntlPrefix(a, ia + 1) && matchIntlPrefix(b, ib + 1)) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    if (matchTrunkPrefix(a, ia + 1) && matchIntlPrefixAndCC(b, ib +1)) {
+    if (matchTrunkPrefix(a, ia + 1) && matchIntlPrefixAndCC(b, ib + 1)) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    if (matchTrunkPrefix(b, ib + 1) && matchIntlPrefixAndCC(a, ia +1)) {
+    if (matchTrunkPrefix(b, ib + 1) && matchIntlPrefixAndCC(a, ia + 1)) {
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -292,7 +265,9 @@
      */
     bool aPlusFirst = (*a == '+');
     bool bPlusFirst = (*b == '+');
-    if (ia < 4 && ib < 4 && (aPlusFirst || bPlusFirst) && !(aPlusFirst && bPlusFirst)) {
+    bool aIgnoreUnmatched = aPlusFirst && (ia - ib) >= 0 && (ia - ib) <= 1;
+    bool bIgnoreUnmatched = bPlusFirst && (ib - ia) >= 0 && (ib - ia) <= 1;
+    if (ia < 4 && ib < 4 && (aIgnoreUnmatched || bIgnoreUnmatched) && !(aPlusFirst && bPlusFirst)) {
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/android/OldPhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp b/android/OldPhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..777ae71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/OldPhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+//
+// Note that similar (or almost same) tests exist in Java side (See
+// DatabaseGeneralTest.java in AndroidTests). The differences are:
+// - this test is quite easy to do (You can do it in your Unix PC)
+// - this test is not automatically executed by build servers
+//
+// You should also execute the test before submitting this.
+//
+
+#include "PhoneNumberUtils.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseNullOrEmpty) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose(NULL, NULL));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("", NULL));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose(NULL, ""));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("", ""));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseDigitsSame) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("999", "999"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("119", "119"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseDigitsDifferent) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("123456789", "923456789"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("123456789", "123456781"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("123456789", "1234567890"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("123456789", "0123456789"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseGoogle) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-253-0000", "650 253 0000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650 253 0000", "6502530000"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkPrefixUs) {
+    // trunk (NDD) prefix must be properly handled in US
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-253-0000", "1-650-253-0000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-253-0000", "   1-650-253-0000"));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-253-0000", "11-650-253-0000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-253-0000", "0-650-253-0000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("555-4141", "+1-700-555-4141"));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+1 650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("001 650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("0111 650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseDifferentCountryCode) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+19012345678", "+819012345678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkJapan) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+31771234567", "0771234567"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("090-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("090(1234)5678", "+819012345678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("090-1234-5678", "+81-90-1234-5678"));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+819012345678", "090-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+819012345678", "090(1234)5678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+81-90-1234-5678", "090-1234-5678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkRussia) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+79161234567", "89161234567"));
+
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkFrance) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+33123456789", "0123456789"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkHungary) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+36 1 234 5678", "06 1234-5678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkMexico) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+52 55 1234 5678", "01 55 1234 5678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkMongolia) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+976 1 123 4567", "01 1 23 4567"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+976 2 234 5678", "02 2 34 5678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkNetherlandsCities) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+31771234567", "0771234567"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseInternationalJapan) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+818012345678", "+819012345678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+819012345678", "+819012345678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTrunkIgnoreJapan) {
+    // Trunk prefix must not be ignored in Japan
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("090-1234-5678", "90-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("090-1234-5678", "080-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("090-1234-5678", "190-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("090-1234-5678", "890-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("080-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+81-90-1234-5678", "+81-090-1234-5678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseInternationalNational) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+593(800)123-1234", "8001231234"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseTwoContinuousZeros) {
+    // Two continuous 0 at the begining of the phone string should be
+    // treated as trunk prefix for caller id purposes.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("008001231234", "8001231234"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseCallerIdThailandUs) {
+    // Test broken caller ID seen on call from Thailand to the US
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+66811234567", "166811234567"));
+    // Confirm that the bug found before does not re-appear.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("650-000-3456", "16500003456"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("011 1 7005554141", "+17005554141"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("011 11 7005554141", "+17005554141"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("+44 207 792 3490", "00 207 792 3490"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseNamp1661) {
+    // This is not related to Thailand case. NAMP "1" + region code "661".
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("16610001234", "6610001234"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseAlphaDifferent) {
+    // We also need to compare two alpha addresses to make sure two different strings
+    // aren't treated as the same addresses. This is relevant to SMS as SMS sender may
+    // contain all alpha chars.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("abcd", "bcde"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseAlphaNumericDifferent) {
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("1-800-flowers", "800-flowers"));
+    // TODO: "flowers" and "adcdefg" should not match
+    //EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("1-800-flowers", "1-800-abcdefg"));
+}
+
+// TODO: we currently do not support this comparison. It maybe nice to support this
+// TODO: in the future.
+//TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseLettersToDigits) {
+//  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("1-800-flowers", "1-800-356-9377"));
+//}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareLooseWrongPrefix) {
+    // Japan
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("290-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+819012345678", "290-1234-5678"));
+    // USA
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_loose("0550-450-3605", "+15504503605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("550-450-3605", "+14504503605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("550-450-3605", "+15404503605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("550-450-3605", "+15514503605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("5504503605", "+14504503605"));
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+14504503605", "550-450-3605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+15404503605", "550-450-3605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+15514503605", "550-450-3605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_loose("+14504503605", "5504503605"));
+}
+
+
diff --git a/android/PhoneNumberUtils.cpp b/android/PhoneNumberUtils.cpp
index a753f42..f986709 100644
--- a/android/PhoneNumberUtils.cpp
+++ b/android/PhoneNumberUtils.cpp
@@ -231,8 +231,8 @@
 
 /**
  * Return true if the prefix of "ch" is "ignorable". Here, "ignorable" means
- * that "ch" has only one digit and separater characters. The one digit is
- * assumed to be trunk prefix.
+ * that "ch" has only one digit and separator characters. The one digit is
+ * assumed to be the trunk prefix.
  */
 static bool checkPrefixIsIgnorable(const char* ch, int i) {
     bool trunk_prefix_was_read = false;
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@
     int ccc_a = tryGetCountryCallingCode(a, len_a, &tmp_a, &tmp_len_a, accept_thailand_case);
     int ccc_b = tryGetCountryCallingCode(b, len_b, &tmp_b, &tmp_len_b, accept_thailand_case);
     bool both_have_ccc = false;
-    bool ok_to_ignore_prefix = true;
+    bool may_ignore_prefix = true;
     bool trunk_prefix_is_omitted_a = false;
     bool trunk_prefix_is_omitted_b = false;
     if (ccc_a >= 0 && ccc_b >= 0) {
@@ -314,12 +314,12 @@
         }
         // When both have ccc, do not ignore trunk prefix. Without this,
         // "+81123123" becomes same as "+810123123" (+81 == Japan)
-        ok_to_ignore_prefix = false;
+        may_ignore_prefix = false;
         both_have_ccc = true;
     } else if (ccc_a < 0 && ccc_b < 0) {
         // When both do not have ccc, do not ignore trunk prefix. Without this,
         // "123123" becomes same as "0123123"
-        ok_to_ignore_prefix = false;
+        may_ignore_prefix = false;
     } else {
         if (ccc_a < 0) {
             tryGetTrunkPrefixOmittedStr(a, len_a, &tmp_a, &tmp_len_a);
@@ -364,9 +364,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (ok_to_ignore_prefix) {
-        if ((trunk_prefix_is_omitted_a && i_a >= 0) ||
-            !checkPrefixIsIgnorable(a, i_a)) {
+    if (may_ignore_prefix) {
+        bool trunk_prefix_ignorable_a = checkPrefixIsIgnorable(a, i_a);
+        if ((trunk_prefix_is_omitted_a && i_a >= 0) || !trunk_prefix_ignorable_a) {
             if (accept_thailand_case) {
                 // Maybe the code handling the special case for Thailand makes the
                 // result garbled, so disable the code and try again.
@@ -381,18 +381,31 @@
             } else {
                 return false;
             }
+        } else if (trunk_prefix_ignorable_a && trunk_prefix_is_omitted_b) {
+            bool cmp_prefixes = i_a == 0 && isDialable(a[i_a]);
+            if (cmp_prefixes && org_b[i_a] != a[i_a]) {
+                // Unmatched trunk prefix
+                return false;
+            }
         }
-        if ((trunk_prefix_is_omitted_b && i_b >= 0) ||
-            !checkPrefixIsIgnorable(b, i_b)) {
+
+        bool trunk_prefix_ignorable_b = checkPrefixIsIgnorable(b, i_b);
+        if ((trunk_prefix_is_omitted_b && i_b >= 0) || !trunk_prefix_ignorable_b) {
             if (accept_thailand_case) {
                 return phone_number_compare_inter(org_a, org_b, false);
             } else {
                 return false;
             }
+        } else if (trunk_prefix_ignorable_b && trunk_prefix_is_omitted_a) {
+            bool cmp_prefixes = i_b == 0 && isDialable(b[i_b]);
+            if (cmp_prefixes && org_a[i_b] != b[i_b]) {
+                // Unmatched trunk prefix
+                return false;
+            }
         }
     } else {
         // In the US, 1-650-555-1234 must be equal to 650-555-1234,
-        // while 090-1234-1234 must not be equalt to 90-1234-1234 in Japan.
+        // while 090-1234-1234 must not be equal to 90-1234-1234 in Japan.
         // This request exists just in US (with 1 trunk (NDD) prefix).
         // In addition, "011 11 7005554141" must not equal to "+17005554141",
         // while "011 1 7005554141" must equal to "+17005554141"
diff --git a/android/PhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp b/android/PhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp
index beb9c82..ce90c0a 100644
--- a/android/PhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp
+++ b/android/PhoneNumberUtilsTest.cpp
@@ -32,25 +32,33 @@
 
 using namespace android;
 
-TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, phone_number_compare_strict) {
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictNullOrEmpty) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict(NULL, NULL));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("", NULL));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict(NULL, ""));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("", ""));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictDigitsSame) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("999", "999"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("119", "119"));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictDigitsDifferent) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("123456789", "923456789"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("123456789", "123456781"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("123456789", "1234567890"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("123456789", "0123456789"));
+}
 
-    // Google, Inc.
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictGoogle) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("650-253-0000", "650 253 0000"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("650 253 0000", "6502530000"));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkPrefixUs) {
     // trunk (NDD) prefix must be properly handled in US
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("650-253-0000", "1-650-253-0000"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("650-253-0000", "   1-650-253-0000"));
@@ -61,70 +69,129 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+1 650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("001 650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("0111 650-253-0000", "6502530000"));
+}
 
-    // Country code is different.
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictDifferentCountryCode) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+19012345678", "+819012345678"));
+}
 
-    // Russian trunk digit
-    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+79161234567", "89161234567"));
-
-    // French trunk digit
-    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+33123456789", "0123456789"));
-
-    // Trunk digit for city codes in the Netherlands
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkJapan) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+31771234567", "0771234567"));
-
-    // Japanese dial
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("090-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("090(1234)5678", "+819012345678"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("090-1234-5678", "+81-90-1234-5678"));
 
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+819012345678", "090-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+819012345678", "090(1234)5678"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+81-90-1234-5678", "090-1234-5678"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkRussia) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+79161234567", "89161234567"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkFrance) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+33123456789", "0123456789"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkNetherlandsCities) {
+    EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+31771234567", "0771234567"));
+}
+
+// TODO: Two digit trunk prefixes are not handled
+//TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkHungary) {
+//  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+36 1 234 5678", "06 1234-5678"));
+//}
+
+// TODO: Two digit trunk prefixes are not handled
+//TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkMexico) {
+//  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+52 55 1234 5678", "01 55 1234 5678"));
+//}
+
+// TODO: Two digit trunk prefixes are not handled
+//TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkMongolia) {
+//  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+976 1 123 4567", "01 1 23 4567"));
+//  EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+976 2 234 5678", "02 2 34 5678"));
+//}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTrunkIgnoreJapan) {
     // Trunk prefix must not be ignored in Japan
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("090-1234-5678", "90-1234-5678"));
-
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("090-1234-5678", "080-1234-5678"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("090-1234-5678", "190-1234-5678"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("090-1234-5678", "890-1234-5678"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("080-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+81-90-1234-5678", "+81-090-1234-5678"));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictInternationalNational) {
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+593(800)123-1234", "8001231234"));
+}
 
-    // Two continuous 0 at the beginieng of the phone string should not be
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictTwoContinuousZeros) {
+    // Two continuous 0 at the begining of the phone string should not be
     // treated as trunk prefix.
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("008001231234", "8001231234"));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictCallerIdThailandUs) {
     // Test broken caller ID seen on call from Thailand to the US
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("+66811234567", "166811234567"));
-
     // Confirm that the bug found before does not re-appear.
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("080-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("650-000-3456", "16500003456"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("011 1 7005554141", "+17005554141"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("011 11 7005554141", "+17005554141"));
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+44 207 792 3490", "00 207 792 3490"));
+}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictNamp1661) {
     // This is not related to Thailand case. NAMP "1" + region code "661".
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("16610001234", "6610001234"));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictAlphaDifferent) {
     // We also need to compare two alpha addresses to make sure two different strings
     // aren't treated as the same addresses. This is relevant to SMS as SMS sender may
     // contain all alpha chars.
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("abcd", "bcde"));
+}
 
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictAlphaNumericSame) {
     // in the U.S. people often use alpha in the phone number to easily remember it
     // (e.g. 800-flowers would be dialed as 800-356-9377). Since we accept this form of
     // phone number in Contacts and others, we should make sure the comparison method
     // handle them.
     EXPECT_TRUE(phone_number_compare_strict("1-800-flowers", "800-flowers"));
+}
 
-    // TODO: we currently do not support this comparison. It maybe nice to support this
-    // TODO: in the future.
-    // EXPECT_TRUE("1-800-flowers", "1-800-356-9377")
-
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictAlphaNumericDifferent) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("1-800-flowers", "1-800-abcdefg"));
+}
 
+// TODO: we currently do not support this comparison.
+// TODO: It maybe be nice to support this in the future.
+//TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictLettersToDigits) {
+//  EXPECT_TRUE("1-800-flowers", "1-800-356-9377")
+//}
+
+TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, compareStrictWrongPrefix) {
     // Currently we cannot get this test through (Japanese trunk prefix is 0,
     // but there is no sensible way to know it now (as of 2009-6-12)...
-    // EXPECT_FALSE("290-1234-5678", "+819012345678");
+    // EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("290-1234-5678", "+819012345678"));
+    // EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+819012345678", "290-1234-5678"));
+
+    // USA
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("550-450-3605", "+14504503605"));
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("550-450-3605", "+15404503605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("550-450-3605", "+15514503605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("5504503605", "+14504503605"));
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+14504503605", "550-450-3605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+15404503605", "550-450-3605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+15514503605", "550-450-3605"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(phone_number_compare_strict("+14504503605", "5504503605"));
 }
 
 TEST(PhoneNumberUtils, phone_number_stripped_reversed_inter) {
diff --git a/dist/Android.bp b/dist/Android.bp
index 95cd1ae..2211d1f 100644
--- a/dist/Android.bp
+++ b/dist/Android.bp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     ],
 
     target: {
-        linux: {
+        linux_glibc: {
             cflags: ["-DHAVE_POSIX_FALLOCATE=1"],
         },
     },
@@ -149,12 +149,6 @@
                 "liblog",
             ],
         },
-        not_windows: {
-            host_ldlibs: [
-                "-lpthread",
-                "-ldl",
-            ],
-        },
 
         windows: {
             enabled: true,
diff --git a/dist/Android.patch b/dist/Android.patch
index f3dd051..c5f7e1d 100644
--- a/dist/Android.patch
+++ b/dist/Android.patch
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
---- orig/shell.c	2019-01-02 14:50:34.332810092 -0800
-+++ shell.c	2019-01-02 14:50:34.384809875 -0800
-@@ -52,6 +52,12 @@
+diff -r -u -d orig/shell.c ./shell.c
+--- orig/shell.c	2018-04-13 17:25:47.747857988 -0700
++++ ./shell.c	2018-04-13 17:25:47.787857731 -0700
+@@ -87,6 +87,12 @@
  #endif
  #include <ctype.h>
  #include <stdarg.h>
@@ -13,10 +14,10 @@
  
  #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
  # include <signal.h>
-@@ -3509,6 +3515,22 @@
-                             sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
-     sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3_query", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                             sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+@@ -10389,6 +10395,23 @@
+                             editFunc, 0, 0);
+     sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                             editFunc, 0, 0);
 +
 +    // Begin Android Add
 +    #ifndef NO_ANDROID_FUNCS
@@ -33,12 +34,14 @@
 +        }
 +    #endif
 +    // End Android Add
-   }
- }
- 
---- orig/sqlite3.c	2019-01-02 15:26:14.984740997 -0800
-+++ sqlite3.c	2019-01-02 15:39:55.689451371 -0800
-@@ -33622,7 +33622,7 @@
++
+     if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE ){
+       char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE zip USING zipfile(%Q);", p->zDbFilename);
+diff -r -u -d orig/sqlite3.c ./sqlite3.c
+--- orig/sqlite3.c	2018-12-27 15:39:18.784267281 -0800
++++ ./sqlite3.c	2018-12-27 15:39:18.788267250 -0800
+@@ -34428,7 +34428,7 @@
    SimulateIOError( rc=1 );
    if( rc!=0 ){
      storeLastErrno((unixFile*)id, errno);
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@
    }
    *pSize = buf.st_size;
  
-@@ -33658,7 +33658,7 @@
+@@ -34464,7 +34464,7 @@
      struct stat buf;              /* Used to hold return values of fstat() */
     
      if( osFstat(pFile->h, &buf) ){
@@ -56,7 +59,7 @@
      }
  
      nSize = ((nByte+pFile->szChunk-1) / pFile->szChunk) * pFile->szChunk;
-@@ -34266,7 +34266,7 @@
+@@ -35139,7 +35139,7 @@
      ** with the same permissions.
      */
      if( osFstat(pDbFd->h, &sStat) ){
@@ -65,7 +68,7 @@
        goto shm_open_err;
      }
  
-@@ -116137,7 +116137,7 @@
+@@ -118054,7 +118054,7 @@
    }
    if( pDb->pSchema->file_format>SQLITE_MAX_FILE_FORMAT ){
      sqlite3SetString(pzErrMsg, db, "unsupported file format");
@@ -74,15 +77,7 @@
      goto initone_error_out;
    }
  
-@@ -149535,6 +149535,7 @@
-     char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("illegal first argument to %s", zFunc);
-     sqlite3_result_error(pContext, zErr, -1);
-     sqlite3_free(zErr);
-+    *ppCsr = pRet;
-     return SQLITE_ERROR;
-   }
-   *ppCsr = pRet;
-@@ -149929,13 +149930,25 @@
+@@ -152769,13 +152769,25 @@
    ** module with sqlite.
    */
    if( SQLITE_OK==rc 
diff --git a/dist/orig/shell.c b/dist/orig/shell.c
index d36f1fd..41baf67 100644
--- a/dist/orig/shell.c
+++ b/dist/orig/shell.c
@@ -1,3 +1,21 @@
+/* DO NOT EDIT!
+** This file is automatically generated by the script in the canonical
+** SQLite source tree at tool/mkshellc.tcl.  That script combines source
+** code from various constituent source files of SQLite into this single
+** "shell.c" file used to implement the SQLite command-line shell.
+**
+** Most of the code found below comes from the "src/shell.c.in" file in
+** the canonical SQLite source tree.  That main file contains "INCLUDE"
+** lines that specify other files in the canonical source tree that are
+** inserted to getnerate this complete program source file.
+**
+** The code from multiple files is combined into this single "shell.c"
+** source file to help make the command-line program easier to compile.
+**
+** To modify this program, get a copy of the canonical SQLite source tree,
+** edit the src/shell.c.in" and/or some of the other files that are included
+** by "src/shell.c.in", then rerun the tool/mkshellc.tcl script.
+*/
 /*
 ** 2001 September 15
 **
@@ -18,11 +36,25 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
-** If requested, include the SQLite compiler options file for MSVC.
+** Warning pragmas copied from msvc.h in the core.
 */
-#if defined(INCLUDE_MSVC_H)
-#include "msvc.h"
-#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4054)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4055)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4130)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4152)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4189)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4206)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4210)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4232)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4305)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4306)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4706)
+#endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) */
 
 /*
 ** No support for loadable extensions in VxWorks.
@@ -47,6 +79,9 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include "sqlite3.h"
+typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;
+typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
+typedef unsigned char u8;
 #if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
 # include "sqlite3userauth.h"
 #endif
@@ -58,9 +93,19 @@
 # if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
 #  include <pwd.h>
 # endif
-# include <unistd.h>
-# include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
+#if (!defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+# include <unistd.h>
+# include <dirent.h>
+# if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  define DIRENT dirent
+#  ifndef S_ISLNK
+#   define S_ISLNK(mode) (0)
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #if HAVE_READLINE
 # include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -326,6 +371,11 @@
 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
 
 /*
+** Number of elements in an array
+*/
+#define ArraySize(X)  (int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
+
+/*
 ** If the following flag is set, then command execution stops
 ** at an error if we are not interactive.
 */
@@ -496,6 +546,18 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the length of a string in characters.  Multibyte UTF8 characters
+** count as a single character.
+*/
+static int strlenChar(const char *z){
+  int n = 0;
+  while( *z ){
+    if( (0xc0&*(z++))!=0x80 ) n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+/*
 ** This routine reads a line of text from FILE in, stores
 ** the text in memory obtained from malloc() and returns a pointer
 ** to the text.  NULL is returned at end of file, or if malloc()
@@ -585,6 +647,65 @@
   }
   return zResult;
 }
+
+
+/*
+** Return the value of a hexadecimal digit.  Return -1 if the input
+** is not a hex digit.
+*/
+static int hexDigitValue(char c){
+  if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) return c - '0';
+  if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) return c - 'a' + 10;
+  if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) return c - 'A' + 10;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Interpret zArg as an integer value, possibly with suffixes.
+*/
+static sqlite3_int64 integerValue(const char *zArg){
+  sqlite3_int64 v = 0;
+  static const struct { char *zSuffix; int iMult; } aMult[] = {
+    { "KiB", 1024 },
+    { "MiB", 1024*1024 },
+    { "GiB", 1024*1024*1024 },
+    { "KB",  1000 },
+    { "MB",  1000000 },
+    { "GB",  1000000000 },
+    { "K",   1000 },
+    { "M",   1000000 },
+    { "G",   1000000000 },
+  };
+  int i;
+  int isNeg = 0;
+  if( zArg[0]=='-' ){
+    isNeg = 1;
+    zArg++;
+  }else if( zArg[0]=='+' ){
+    zArg++;
+  }
+  if( zArg[0]=='0' && zArg[1]=='x' ){
+    int x;
+    zArg += 2;
+    while( (x = hexDigitValue(zArg[0]))>=0 ){
+      v = (v<<4) + x;
+      zArg++;
+    }
+  }else{
+    while( IsDigit(zArg[0]) ){
+      v = v*10 + zArg[0] - '0';
+      zArg++;
+    }
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aMult); i++){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(aMult[i].zSuffix, zArg)==0 ){
+      v *= aMult[i].iMult;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return isNeg? -v : v;
+}
+
 /*
 ** A variable length string to which one can append text.
 */
@@ -703,10 +824,548 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-/******************************************************************************
-** SHA3 hash implementation copied from ../ext/misc/shathree.c
+/*
+** Construct a fake object name and column list to describe the structure
+** of the view, virtual table, or table valued function zSchema.zName.
 */
-typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
+static char *shellFakeSchema(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection containing the vtab */
+  const char *zSchema,    /* Schema of the database holding the vtab */
+  const char *zName       /* The name of the virtual table */
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zSql;
+  ShellText s;
+  char cQuote;
+  char *zDiv = "(";
+  int nRow = 0;
+
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA \"%w\".table_info=%Q;",
+                         zSchema ? zSchema : "main", zName);
+  sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  initText(&s);
+  if( zSchema ){
+    cQuote = quoteChar(zSchema);
+    if( cQuote && sqlite3_stricmp(zSchema,"temp")==0 ) cQuote = 0;
+    appendText(&s, zSchema, cQuote);
+    appendText(&s, ".", 0);
+  }
+  cQuote = quoteChar(zName);
+  appendText(&s, zName, cQuote);
+  while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
+    nRow++;
+    appendText(&s, zDiv, 0);
+    zDiv = ",";
+    cQuote = quoteChar(zCol);
+    appendText(&s, zCol, cQuote);
+  }
+  appendText(&s, ")", 0);
+  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( nRow==0 ){
+    freeText(&s);
+    s.z = 0;
+  }
+  return s.z;
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:  shell_module_schema(X)
+**
+** Return a fake schema for the table-valued function or eponymous virtual
+** table X.
+*/
+static void shellModuleSchema(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal
+){
+  const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+  char *zFake = shellFakeSchema(sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx), 0, zName);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
+  if( zFake ){
+    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, sqlite3_mprintf("/* %s */", zFake),
+                        -1, sqlite3_free);
+    free(zFake);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:  shell_add_schema(S,X)
+**
+** Add the schema name X to the CREATE statement in S and return the result.
+** Examples:
+**
+**    CREATE TABLE t1(x)   ->   CREATE TABLE xyz.t1(x);
+**
+** Also works on
+**
+**    CREATE INDEX
+**    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
+**    CREATE VIEW
+**    CREATE TRIGGER
+**    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
+**
+** This UDF is used by the .schema command to insert the schema name of
+** attached databases into the middle of the sqlite_master.sql field.
+*/
+static void shellAddSchemaName(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal
+){
+  static const char *aPrefix[] = {
+     "TABLE",
+     "INDEX",
+     "UNIQUE INDEX",
+     "VIEW",
+     "TRIGGER",
+     "VIRTUAL TABLE"
+  };
+  int i = 0;
+  const char *zIn = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+  const char *zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
+  const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
+  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
+  if( zIn!=0 && strncmp(zIn, "CREATE ", 7)==0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(aPrefix)/sizeof(aPrefix[0])); i++){
+      int n = strlen30(aPrefix[i]);
+      if( strncmp(zIn+7, aPrefix[i], n)==0 && zIn[n+7]==' ' ){
+        char *z = 0;
+        char *zFake = 0;
+        if( zSchema ){
+          char cQuote = quoteChar(zSchema);
+          if( cQuote && sqlite3_stricmp(zSchema,"temp")!=0 ){
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s \"%w\".%s", n+7, zIn, zSchema, zIn+n+8);
+          }else{
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s %s.%s", n+7, zIn, zSchema, zIn+n+8);
+          }
+        }
+        if( zName
+         && aPrefix[i][0]=='V'
+         && (zFake = shellFakeSchema(db, zSchema, zName))!=0
+        ){
+          if( z==0 ){
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s\n/* %s */", zIn, zFake);
+          }else{
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%z\n/* %s */", z, zFake);
+          }
+          free(zFake);
+        }
+        if( z ){
+          sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, z, -1, sqlite3_free);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, apVal[0]);
+}
+
+/*
+** The source code for several run-time loadable extensions is inserted
+** below by the ../tool/mkshellc.tcl script.  Before processing that included
+** code, we need to override some macros to make the included program code
+** work here in the middle of this regular program.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(X) (void)(X)
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+/************************* Begin test_windirent.h ******************/
+/*
+** 2015 November 30
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains declarations for most of the opendir() family of
+** POSIX functions on Win32 using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H)
+#define SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H
+
+/*
+** We need several data types from the Windows SDK header.
+*/
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include "windows.h"
+
+/*
+** We need several support functions from the SQLite core.
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** We need several things from the ANSI and MSVCRT headers.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+/*
+** We may need several defines that should have been in "sys/stat.h".
+*/
+
+#ifndef S_ISREG
+#define S_ISREG(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef S_ISDIR
+#define S_ISDIR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef S_ISLNK
+#define S_ISLNK(mode) (0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We may need to provide the "mode_t" type.
+*/
+
+#ifndef MODE_T_DEFINED
+  #define MODE_T_DEFINED
+  typedef unsigned short mode_t;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We may need to provide the "ino_t" type.
+*/
+
+#ifndef INO_T_DEFINED
+  #define INO_T_DEFINED
+  typedef unsigned short ino_t;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We need to define "NAME_MAX" if it was not present in "limits.h".
+*/
+
+#ifndef NAME_MAX
+#  ifdef FILENAME_MAX
+#    define NAME_MAX (FILENAME_MAX)
+#  else
+#    define NAME_MAX (260)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We need to define "NULL_INTPTR_T" and "BAD_INTPTR_T".
+*/
+
+#ifndef NULL_INTPTR_T
+#  define NULL_INTPTR_T ((intptr_t)(0))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BAD_INTPTR_T
+#  define BAD_INTPTR_T ((intptr_t)(-1))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We need to provide the necessary structures and related types.
+*/
+
+#ifndef DIRENT_DEFINED
+#define DIRENT_DEFINED
+typedef struct DIRENT DIRENT;
+typedef DIRENT *LPDIRENT;
+struct DIRENT {
+  ino_t d_ino;               /* Sequence number, do not use. */
+  unsigned d_attributes;     /* Win32 file attributes. */
+  char d_name[NAME_MAX + 1]; /* Name within the directory. */
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DIR_DEFINED
+#define DIR_DEFINED
+typedef struct DIR DIR;
+typedef DIR *LPDIR;
+struct DIR {
+  intptr_t d_handle; /* Value returned by "_findfirst". */
+  DIRENT d_first;    /* DIRENT constructed based on "_findfirst". */
+  DIRENT d_next;     /* DIRENT constructed based on "_findnext". */
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Provide a macro, for use by the implementation, to determine if a
+** particular directory entry should be skipped over when searching for
+** the next directory entry that should be returned by the readdir() or
+** readdir_r() functions.
+*/
+
+#ifndef is_filtered
+#  define is_filtered(a) ((((a).attrib)&_A_HIDDEN) || (((a).attrib)&_A_SYSTEM))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Provide the function prototype for the POSIX compatiable getenv()
+** function.  This function is not thread-safe.
+*/
+
+extern const char *windirent_getenv(const char *name);
+
+/*
+** Finally, we can provide the function prototypes for the opendir(),
+** readdir(), readdir_r(), and closedir() POSIX functions.
+*/
+
+extern LPDIR opendir(const char *dirname);
+extern LPDIRENT readdir(LPDIR dirp);
+extern INT readdir_r(LPDIR dirp, LPDIRENT entry, LPDIRENT *result);
+extern INT closedir(LPDIR dirp);
+
+#endif /* defined(WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) */
+
+/************************* End test_windirent.h ********************/
+/************************* Begin test_windirent.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2015 November 30
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains code to implement most of the opendir() family of
+** POSIX functions on Win32 using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+/* #include "test_windirent.h" */
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX getenv() function using the Win32 API.
+** This function is not thread-safe.
+*/
+const char *windirent_getenv(
+  const char *name
+){
+  static char value[32768]; /* Maximum length, per MSDN */
+  DWORD dwSize = sizeof(value) / sizeof(char); /* Size in chars */
+  DWORD dwRet; /* Value returned by GetEnvironmentVariableA() */
+
+  memset(value, 0, sizeof(value));
+  dwRet = GetEnvironmentVariableA(name, value, dwSize);
+  if( dwRet==0 || dwRet>dwSize ){
+    /*
+    ** The function call to GetEnvironmentVariableA() failed -OR-
+    ** the buffer is not large enough.  Either way, return NULL.
+    */
+    return 0;
+  }else{
+    /*
+    ** The function call to GetEnvironmentVariableA() succeeded
+    ** -AND- the buffer contains the entire value.
+    */
+    return value;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX opendir() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+LPDIR opendir(
+  const char *dirname
+){
+  struct _finddata_t data;
+  LPDIR dirp = (LPDIR)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(DIR));
+  SIZE_T namesize = sizeof(data.name) / sizeof(data.name[0]);
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return NULL;
+  memset(dirp, 0, sizeof(DIR));
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this if Unix-style root paths are not used. */
+  if( sqlite3_stricmp(dirname, "/")==0 ){
+    dirname = windirent_getenv("SystemDrive");
+  }
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+  _snprintf(data.name, namesize, "%s\\*", dirname);
+  dirp->d_handle = _findfirst(data.name, &data);
+
+  if( dirp->d_handle==BAD_INTPTR_T ){
+    closedir(dirp);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+  if( is_filtered(data) ){
+next:
+
+    memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+    if( _findnext(dirp->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
+      closedir(dirp);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+    if( is_filtered(data) ) goto next;
+  }
+
+  dirp->d_first.d_attributes = data.attrib;
+  strncpy(dirp->d_first.d_name, data.name, NAME_MAX);
+  dirp->d_first.d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+  return dirp;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX readdir() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+LPDIRENT readdir(
+  LPDIR dirp
+){
+  struct _finddata_t data;
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return NULL;
+
+  if( dirp->d_first.d_ino==0 ){
+    dirp->d_first.d_ino++;
+    dirp->d_next.d_ino++;
+
+    return &dirp->d_first;
+  }
+
+next:
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+  if( _findnext(dirp->d_handle, &data)==-1 ) return NULL;
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+  if( is_filtered(data) ) goto next;
+
+  dirp->d_next.d_ino++;
+  dirp->d_next.d_attributes = data.attrib;
+  strncpy(dirp->d_next.d_name, data.name, NAME_MAX);
+  dirp->d_next.d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+  return &dirp->d_next;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX readdir_r() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+INT readdir_r(
+  LPDIR dirp,
+  LPDIRENT entry,
+  LPDIRENT *result
+){
+  struct _finddata_t data;
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return EBADF;
+
+  if( dirp->d_first.d_ino==0 ){
+    dirp->d_first.d_ino++;
+    dirp->d_next.d_ino++;
+
+    entry->d_ino = dirp->d_first.d_ino;
+    entry->d_attributes = dirp->d_first.d_attributes;
+    strncpy(entry->d_name, dirp->d_first.d_name, NAME_MAX);
+    entry->d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+    *result = entry;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+next:
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+  if( _findnext(dirp->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
+    *result = NULL;
+    return ENOENT;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+  if( is_filtered(data) ) goto next;
+
+  entry->d_ino = (ino_t)-1; /* not available */
+  entry->d_attributes = data.attrib;
+  strncpy(entry->d_name, data.name, NAME_MAX);
+  entry->d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+  *result = entry;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX closedir() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+INT closedir(
+  LPDIR dirp
+){
+  INT result = 0;
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return EINVAL;
+
+  if( dirp->d_handle!=NULL_INTPTR_T && dirp->d_handle!=BAD_INTPTR_T ){
+    result = _findclose(dirp->d_handle);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(dirp);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif /* defined(WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) */
+
+/************************* End test_windirent.c ********************/
+#define dirent DIRENT
+#endif
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/shathree.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-03-08
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This SQLite extension implements a functions that compute SHA1 hashes.
+** Two SQL functions are implemented:
+**
+**     sha3(X,SIZE)
+**     sha3_query(Y,SIZE)
+**
+** The sha3(X) function computes the SHA3 hash of the input X, or NULL if
+** X is NULL.
+**
+** The sha3_query(Y) function evalutes all queries in the SQL statements of Y
+** and returns a hash of their results.
+**
+** The SIZE argument is optional.  If omitted, the SHA3-256 hash algorithm
+** is used.  If SIZE is included it must be one of the integers 224, 256,
+** 384, or 512, to determine SHA3 hash variant that is computed.
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+/* typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64; */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+** The Hash Engine
+*/
 /*
 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
@@ -744,18 +1403,14 @@
   unsigned ixMask;       /* Insert next input into u.x[nLoaded^ixMask]. */
 };
 
-/* Allow the following routine to use the B0 variable, which is also
-** a macro in the termios.h header file */
-#undef B0
-
 /*
 ** A single step of the Keccak mixing function for a 1600-bit state
 */
 static void KeccakF1600Step(SHA3Context *p){
   int i;
-  u64 B0, B1, B2, B3, B4;
-  u64 C0, C1, C2, C3, C4;
-  u64 D0, D1, D2, D3, D4;
+  u64 b0, b1, b2, b3, b4;
+  u64 c0, c1, c2, c3, c4;
+  u64 d0, d1, d2, d3, d4;
   static const u64 RC[] = {
     0x0000000000000001ULL,  0x0000000000008082ULL,
     0x800000000000808aULL,  0x8000000080008000ULL,
@@ -770,301 +1425,301 @@
     0x8000000080008081ULL,  0x8000000000008080ULL,
     0x0000000080000001ULL,  0x8000000080008008ULL
   };
-# define A00 (p->u.s[0])
-# define A01 (p->u.s[1])
-# define A02 (p->u.s[2])
-# define A03 (p->u.s[3])
-# define A04 (p->u.s[4])
-# define A10 (p->u.s[5])
-# define A11 (p->u.s[6])
-# define A12 (p->u.s[7])
-# define A13 (p->u.s[8])
-# define A14 (p->u.s[9])
-# define A20 (p->u.s[10])
-# define A21 (p->u.s[11])
-# define A22 (p->u.s[12])
-# define A23 (p->u.s[13])
-# define A24 (p->u.s[14])
-# define A30 (p->u.s[15])
-# define A31 (p->u.s[16])
-# define A32 (p->u.s[17])
-# define A33 (p->u.s[18])
-# define A34 (p->u.s[19])
-# define A40 (p->u.s[20])
-# define A41 (p->u.s[21])
-# define A42 (p->u.s[22])
-# define A43 (p->u.s[23])
-# define A44 (p->u.s[24])
+# define a00 (p->u.s[0])
+# define a01 (p->u.s[1])
+# define a02 (p->u.s[2])
+# define a03 (p->u.s[3])
+# define a04 (p->u.s[4])
+# define a10 (p->u.s[5])
+# define a11 (p->u.s[6])
+# define a12 (p->u.s[7])
+# define a13 (p->u.s[8])
+# define a14 (p->u.s[9])
+# define a20 (p->u.s[10])
+# define a21 (p->u.s[11])
+# define a22 (p->u.s[12])
+# define a23 (p->u.s[13])
+# define a24 (p->u.s[14])
+# define a30 (p->u.s[15])
+# define a31 (p->u.s[16])
+# define a32 (p->u.s[17])
+# define a33 (p->u.s[18])
+# define a34 (p->u.s[19])
+# define a40 (p->u.s[20])
+# define a41 (p->u.s[21])
+# define a42 (p->u.s[22])
+# define a43 (p->u.s[23])
+# define a44 (p->u.s[24])
 # define ROL64(a,x) ((a<<x)|(a>>(64-x)))
 
   for(i=0; i<24; i+=4){
-    C0 = A00^A10^A20^A30^A40;
-    C1 = A01^A11^A21^A31^A41;
-    C2 = A02^A12^A22^A32^A42;
-    C3 = A03^A13^A23^A33^A43;
-    C4 = A04^A14^A24^A34^A44;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a10^a20^a30^a40;
+    c1 = a01^a11^a21^a31^a41;
+    c2 = a02^a12^a22^a32^a42;
+    c3 = a03^a13^a23^a33^a43;
+    c4 = a04^a14^a24^a34^a44;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A11^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A22^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A33^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A44^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i];
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a11^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a22^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a33^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a44^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i];
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A20^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A31^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A42^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A03^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a20^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a31^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a42^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a03^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A40^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A01^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A12^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A34^D4), 8);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a40^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a01^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a12^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a34^d4), 8);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A10^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A21^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A43^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A04^D4), 27);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a10^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a21^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a43^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a04^d4), 27);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A30^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A02^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A13^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A24^D4), 39);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a30^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a02^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a13^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a24^d4), 39);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    C0 = A00^A20^A40^A10^A30;
-    C1 = A11^A31^A01^A21^A41;
-    C2 = A22^A42^A12^A32^A02;
-    C3 = A33^A03^A23^A43^A13;
-    C4 = A44^A14^A34^A04^A24;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a20^a40^a10^a30;
+    c1 = a11^a31^a01^a21^a41;
+    c2 = a22^a42^a12^a32^a02;
+    c3 = a33^a03^a23^a43^a13;
+    c4 = a44^a14^a34^a04^a24;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A31^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A12^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A43^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A24^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i+1];
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a31^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a12^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a43^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a24^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i+1];
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A40^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A21^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A02^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A33^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a40^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a21^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a02^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a33^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A30^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A11^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A42^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A04^D4), 8);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a30^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a11^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a42^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a04^d4), 8);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A20^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A01^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A13^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A44^D4), 27);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a20^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a01^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a13^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a44^d4), 27);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A10^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A22^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A03^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A34^D4), 39);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a10^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a22^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a03^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a34^d4), 39);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    C0 = A00^A40^A30^A20^A10;
-    C1 = A31^A21^A11^A01^A41;
-    C2 = A12^A02^A42^A32^A22;
-    C3 = A43^A33^A23^A13^A03;
-    C4 = A24^A14^A04^A44^A34;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a40^a30^a20^a10;
+    c1 = a31^a21^a11^a01^a41;
+    c2 = a12^a02^a42^a32^a22;
+    c3 = a43^a33^a23^a13^a03;
+    c4 = a24^a14^a04^a44^a34;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A21^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A42^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A13^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A34^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i+2];
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a21^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a42^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a13^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a34^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i+2];
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A30^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A01^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A22^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A43^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a30^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a01^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a22^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a43^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A10^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A31^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A02^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A44^D4), 8);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a10^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a31^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a02^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a44^d4), 8);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A40^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A11^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A03^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A24^D4), 27);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a40^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a11^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a03^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a24^d4), 27);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A20^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A12^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A33^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A04^D4), 39);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a20^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a12^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a33^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a04^d4), 39);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    C0 = A00^A30^A10^A40^A20;
-    C1 = A21^A01^A31^A11^A41;
-    C2 = A42^A22^A02^A32^A12;
-    C3 = A13^A43^A23^A03^A33;
-    C4 = A34^A14^A44^A24^A04;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a30^a10^a40^a20;
+    c1 = a21^a01^a31^a11^a41;
+    c2 = a42^a22^a02^a32^a12;
+    c3 = a13^a43^a23^a03^a33;
+    c4 = a34^a14^a44^a24^a04;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A01^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A02^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A03^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A04^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i+3];
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a01^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a02^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a03^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a04^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i+3];
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A10^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A11^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A12^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A13^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a10^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a11^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a12^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a13^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A20^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A21^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A22^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A24^D4), 8);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a20^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a21^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a22^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a24^d4), 8);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A30^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A31^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A33^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A34^D4), 27);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a30^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a31^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a33^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a34^d4), 27);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A40^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A42^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A43^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A44^D4), 39);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a40^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a42^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a43^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a44^d4), 39);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
   }
 }
 
@@ -1158,6 +1813,8 @@
   }
   return &p->u.x[p->nRate];
 }
+/* End of the hashing logic
+*****************************************************************************/
 
 /*
 ** Implementation of the sha3(X,SIZE) function.
@@ -1294,10 +1951,6 @@
     }
     nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
     z = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
-    if( z==0 ){
-      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      continue;
-    }
     n = (int)strlen(z);
     hash_step_vformat(&cx,"S%d:",n);
     SHA3Update(&cx,(unsigned char*)z,n);
@@ -1360,8 +2013,5872 @@
   }
   sqlite3_result_blob(context, SHA3Final(&cx), iSize/8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
-/* End of SHA3 hashing logic copy/pasted from ../ext/misc/shathree.c
-********************************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_shathree_init(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char **pzErrMsg,
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                               sha3Func, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sha3Func, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3_query", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3_query", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/shathree.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/fileio.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2014-06-13
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This SQLite extension implements SQL functions readfile() and
+** writefile(), and eponymous virtual type "fsdir".
+**
+** WRITEFILE(FILE, DATA [, MODE [, MTIME]]):
+**
+**   If neither of the optional arguments is present, then this UDF
+**   function writes blob DATA to file FILE. If successful, the number
+**   of bytes written is returned. If an error occurs, NULL is returned.
+**
+**   If the first option argument - MODE - is present, then it must
+**   be passed an integer value that corresponds to a POSIX mode
+**   value (file type + permissions, as returned in the stat.st_mode
+**   field by the stat() system call). Three types of files may
+**   be written/created:
+**
+**     regular files:  (mode & 0170000)==0100000
+**     symbolic links: (mode & 0170000)==0120000
+**     directories:    (mode & 0170000)==0040000
+**
+**   For a directory, the DATA is ignored. For a symbolic link, it is
+**   interpreted as text and used as the target of the link. For a
+**   regular file, it is interpreted as a blob and written into the
+**   named file. Regardless of the type of file, its permissions are
+**   set to (mode & 0777) before returning.
+**
+**   If the optional MTIME argument is present, then it is interpreted
+**   as an integer - the number of seconds since the unix epoch. The
+**   modification-time of the target file is set to this value before
+**   returning.
+**
+**   If three or more arguments are passed to this function and an
+**   error is encountered, an exception is raised.
+**
+** READFILE(FILE):
+**
+**   Read and return the contents of file FILE (type blob) from disk.
+**
+** FSDIR:
+**
+**   Used as follows:
+**
+**     SELECT * FROM fsdir($path [, $dir]);
+**
+**   Parameter $path is an absolute or relative pathname. If the file that it
+**   refers to does not exist, it is an error. If the path refers to a regular
+**   file or symbolic link, it returns a single row. Or, if the path refers
+**   to a directory, it returns one row for the directory, and one row for each
+**   file within the hierarchy rooted at $path.
+**
+**   Each row has the following columns:
+**
+**     name:  Path to file or directory (text value).
+**     mode:  Value of stat.st_mode for directory entry (an integer).
+**     mtime: Value of stat.st_mtime for directory entry (an integer).
+**     data:  For a regular file, a blob containing the file data. For a
+**            symlink, a text value containing the text of the link. For a
+**            directory, NULL.
+**
+**   If a non-NULL value is specified for the optional $dir parameter and
+**   $path is a relative path, then $path is interpreted relative to $dir. 
+**   And the paths returned in the "name" column of the table are also 
+**   relative to directory $dir.
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <dirent.h>
+#  include <utime.h>
+#  include <sys/time.h>
+#else
+#  include "windows.h"
+#  include <io.h>
+#  include <direct.h>
+/* #  include "test_windirent.h" */
+#  define dirent DIRENT
+#  ifndef stat
+#    define stat _stat
+#  endif
+#  define mkdir(path,mode) _mkdir(path)
+#  define lstat(path,buf) stat(path,buf)
+#endif
+#include <time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+
+#define FSDIR_SCHEMA "(name,mode,mtime,data,path HIDDEN,dir HIDDEN)"
+
+/*
+** Set the result stored by context ctx to a blob containing the 
+** contents of file zName.
+*/
+static void readFileContents(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zName){
+  FILE *in;
+  long nIn;
+  void *pBuf;
+
+  in = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  if( in==0 ) return;
+  fseek(in, 0, SEEK_END);
+  nIn = ftell(in);
+  rewind(in);
+  pBuf = sqlite3_malloc( nIn );
+  if( pBuf && 1==fread(pBuf, nIn, 1, in) ){
+    sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, pBuf, nIn, sqlite3_free);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_free(pBuf);
+  }
+  fclose(in);
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "readfile(X)" SQL function.  The entire content
+** of the file named X is read and returned as a BLOB.  NULL is returned
+** if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
+*/
+static void readfileFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zName;
+  (void)(argc);  /* Unused parameter */
+  zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zName==0 ) return;
+  readFileContents(context, zName);
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the error message contained in context ctx to the results of
+** vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void ctxErrorMsg(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  char *zMsg = 0;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  sqlite3_result_error(ctx, zMsg, -1);
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/*
+** Argument zFile is the name of a file that will be created and/or written
+** by SQL function writefile(). This function ensures that the directory
+** zFile will be written to exists, creating it if required. The permissions
+** for any path components created by this function are set to (mode&0777).
+**
+** If an OOM condition is encountered, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. Otherwise,
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the directory is successfully created, or
+** SQLITE_ERROR otherwise.
+*/
+static int makeDirectory(
+  const char *zFile,
+  mode_t mode
+){
+  char *zCopy = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zFile);
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( zCopy==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    int nCopy = (int)strlen(zCopy);
+    int i = 1;
+
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      struct stat sStat;
+      int rc2;
+
+      for(; zCopy[i]!='/' && i<nCopy; i++);
+      if( i==nCopy ) break;
+      zCopy[i] = '\0';
+
+      rc2 = stat(zCopy, &sStat);
+      if( rc2!=0 ){
+        if( mkdir(zCopy, mode & 0777) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }else{
+        if( !S_ISDIR(sStat.st_mode) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+      zCopy[i] = '/';
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(zCopy);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function does the work for the writefile() UDF. Refer to 
+** header comments at the top of this file for details.
+*/
+static int writeFile(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context to return bytes written in */
+  const char *zFile,              /* File to write */
+  sqlite3_value *pData,           /* Data to write */
+  mode_t mode,                    /* MODE parameter passed to writefile() */
+  sqlite3_int64 mtime             /* MTIME parameter (or -1 to not set time) */
+){
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+  if( S_ISLNK(mode) ){
+    const char *zTo = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pData);
+    if( symlink(zTo, zFile)<0 ) return 1;
+  }else
+#endif
+  {
+    if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){
+      if( mkdir(zFile, mode) ){
+        /* The mkdir() call to create the directory failed. This might not
+        ** be an error though - if there is already a directory at the same
+        ** path and either the permissions already match or can be changed
+        ** to do so using chmod(), it is not an error.  */
+        struct stat sStat;
+        if( errno!=EEXIST
+         || 0!=stat(zFile, &sStat)
+         || !S_ISDIR(sStat.st_mode)
+         || ((sStat.st_mode&0777)!=(mode&0777) && 0!=chmod(zFile, mode&0777))
+        ){
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_int64 nWrite = 0;
+      const char *z;
+      int rc = 0;
+      FILE *out = fopen(zFile, "wb");
+      if( out==0 ) return 1;
+      z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_blob(pData);
+      if( z ){
+        sqlite3_int64 n = fwrite(z, 1, sqlite3_value_bytes(pData), out);
+        nWrite = sqlite3_value_bytes(pData);
+        if( nWrite!=n ){
+          rc = 1;
+        }
+      }
+      fclose(out);
+      if( rc==0 && mode && chmod(zFile, mode & 0777) ){
+        rc = 1;
+      }
+      if( rc ) return 2;
+      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, nWrite);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( mtime>=0 ){
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    /* Windows */
+    FILETIME lastAccess;
+    FILETIME lastWrite;
+    SYSTEMTIME currentTime;
+    LONGLONG intervals;
+    HANDLE hFile;
+    GetSystemTime(&currentTime);
+    SystemTimeToFileTime(&currentTime, &lastAccess);
+    intervals = Int32x32To64(mtime, 10000000) + 116444736000000000;
+    lastWrite.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)intervals;
+    lastWrite.dwHighDateTime = intervals >> 32;
+    hFile = CreateFile(
+      zFile, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+      FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL
+    );
+    if( hFile!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ){
+      BOOL bResult = SetFileTime(hFile, NULL, &lastAccess, &lastWrite);
+      CloseHandle(hFile);
+      return !bResult;
+    }else{
+      return 1;
+    }
+#elif defined(AT_FDCWD) && 0 /* utimensat() is not univerally available */
+    /* Recent unix */
+    struct timespec times[2];
+    times[0].tv_nsec = times[1].tv_nsec = 0;
+    times[0].tv_sec = time(0);
+    times[1].tv_sec = mtime;
+    if( utimensat(AT_FDCWD, zFile, times, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+#else
+    /* Legacy unix */
+    struct timeval times[2];
+    times[0].tv_usec = times[1].tv_usec = 0;
+    times[0].tv_sec = time(0);
+    times[1].tv_sec = mtime;
+    if( utimes(zFile, times) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "writefile(W,X[,Y[,Z]]])" SQL function.  
+** Refer to header comments at the top of this file for details.
+*/
+static void writefileFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zFile;
+  mode_t mode = 0;
+  int res;
+  sqlite3_int64 mtime = -1;
+
+  if( argc<2 || argc>4 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, 
+        "wrong number of arguments to function writefile()", -1
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zFile==0 ) return;
+  if( argc>=3 ){
+    mode = (mode_t)sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
+  }
+  if( argc==4 ){
+    mtime = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[3]);
+  }
+
+  res = writeFile(context, zFile, argv[1], mode, mtime);
+  if( res==1 && errno==ENOENT ){
+    if( makeDirectory(zFile, mode)==SQLITE_OK ){
+      res = writeFile(context, zFile, argv[1], mode, mtime);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( argc>2 && res!=0 ){
+    if( S_ISLNK(mode) ){
+      ctxErrorMsg(context, "failed to create symlink: %s", zFile);
+    }else if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){
+      ctxErrorMsg(context, "failed to create directory: %s", zFile);
+    }else{
+      ctxErrorMsg(context, "failed to write file: %s", zFile);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:   lsmode(MODE)
+**
+** Given a numberic st_mode from stat(), convert it into a human-readable
+** text string in the style of "ls -l".
+*/
+static void lsModeFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  int i;
+  int iMode = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  char z[16];
+  (void)argc;
+  if( S_ISLNK(iMode) ){
+    z[0] = 'l';
+  }else if( S_ISREG(iMode) ){
+    z[0] = '-';
+  }else if( S_ISDIR(iMode) ){
+    z[0] = 'd';
+  }else{
+    z[0] = '?';
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<3; i++){
+    int m = (iMode >> ((2-i)*3));
+    char *a = &z[1 + i*3];
+    a[0] = (m & 0x4) ? 'r' : '-';
+    a[1] = (m & 0x2) ? 'w' : '-';
+    a[2] = (m & 0x1) ? 'x' : '-';
+  }
+  z[10] = '\0';
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+}
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+/* 
+** Cursor type for recursively iterating through a directory structure.
+*/
+typedef struct fsdir_cursor fsdir_cursor;
+typedef struct FsdirLevel FsdirLevel;
+
+struct FsdirLevel {
+  DIR *pDir;                 /* From opendir() */
+  char *zDir;                /* Name of directory (nul-terminated) */
+};
+
+struct fsdir_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+
+  int nLvl;                  /* Number of entries in aLvl[] array */
+  int iLvl;                  /* Index of current entry */
+  FsdirLevel *aLvl;          /* Hierarchy of directories being traversed */
+
+  const char *zBase;
+  int nBase;
+
+  struct stat sStat;         /* Current lstat() results */
+  char *zPath;               /* Path to current entry */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* Current rowid */
+};
+
+typedef struct fsdir_tab fsdir_tab;
+struct fsdir_tab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */
+};
+
+/*
+** Construct a new fsdir virtual table object.
+*/
+static int fsdirConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  fsdir_tab *pNew = 0;
+  int rc;
+  (void)pAux;
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+  (void)pzErr;
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, "CREATE TABLE x" FSDIR_SCHEMA);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = (fsdir_tab*)sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+  }
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for fsdir vtab objects.
+*/
+static int fsdirDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new fsdir_cursor object.
+*/
+static int fsdirOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur;
+  (void)p;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->iLvl = -1;
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset a cursor back to the state it was in when first returned
+** by fsdirOpen().
+*/
+static void fsdirResetCursor(fsdir_cursor *pCur){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<=pCur->iLvl; i++){
+    FsdirLevel *pLvl = &pCur->aLvl[i];
+    if( pLvl->pDir ) closedir(pLvl->pDir);
+    sqlite3_free(pLvl->zDir);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zPath);
+  pCur->aLvl = 0;
+  pCur->zPath = 0;
+  pCur->zBase = 0;
+  pCur->nBase = 0;
+  pCur->iLvl = -1;
+  pCur->iRowid = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for an fsdir_cursor.
+*/
+static int fsdirClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+
+  fsdirResetCursor(pCur);
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->aLvl);
+  sqlite3_free(pCur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the error message for the virtual table associated with cursor
+** pCur to the results of vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void fsdirSetErrmsg(fsdir_cursor *pCur, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  pCur->base.pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance an fsdir_cursor to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int fsdirNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  mode_t m = pCur->sStat.st_mode;
+
+  pCur->iRowid++;
+  if( S_ISDIR(m) ){
+    /* Descend into this directory */
+    int iNew = pCur->iLvl + 1;
+    FsdirLevel *pLvl;
+    if( iNew>=pCur->nLvl ){
+      int nNew = iNew+1;
+      int nByte = nNew*sizeof(FsdirLevel);
+      FsdirLevel *aNew = (FsdirLevel*)sqlite3_realloc(pCur->aLvl, nByte);
+      if( aNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      memset(&aNew[pCur->nLvl], 0, sizeof(FsdirLevel)*(nNew-pCur->nLvl));
+      pCur->aLvl = aNew;
+      pCur->nLvl = nNew;
+    }
+    pCur->iLvl = iNew;
+    pLvl = &pCur->aLvl[iNew];
+    
+    pLvl->zDir = pCur->zPath;
+    pCur->zPath = 0;
+    pLvl->pDir = opendir(pLvl->zDir);
+    if( pLvl->pDir==0 ){
+      fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "cannot read directory: %s", pCur->zPath);
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  while( pCur->iLvl>=0 ){
+    FsdirLevel *pLvl = &pCur->aLvl[pCur->iLvl];
+    struct dirent *pEntry = readdir(pLvl->pDir);
+    if( pEntry ){
+      if( pEntry->d_name[0]=='.' ){
+       if( pEntry->d_name[1]=='.' && pEntry->d_name[2]=='\0' ) continue;
+       if( pEntry->d_name[1]=='\0' ) continue;
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(pCur->zPath);
+      pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/%s", pLvl->zDir, pEntry->d_name);
+      if( pCur->zPath==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      if( lstat(pCur->zPath, &pCur->sStat) ){
+        fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "cannot stat file: %s", pCur->zPath);
+        return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+    closedir(pLvl->pDir);
+    sqlite3_free(pLvl->zDir);
+    pLvl->pDir = 0;
+    pLvl->zDir = 0;
+    pCur->iLvl--;
+  }
+
+  /* EOF */
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zPath);
+  pCur->zPath = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the series_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int fsdirColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0: { /* name */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, &pCur->zPath[pCur->nBase], -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 1: /* mode */
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCur->sStat.st_mode);
+      break;
+
+    case 2: /* mtime */
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCur->sStat.st_mtime);
+      break;
+
+    case 3: { /* data */
+      mode_t m = pCur->sStat.st_mode;
+      if( S_ISDIR(m) ){
+        sqlite3_result_null(ctx);
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+      }else if( S_ISLNK(m) ){
+        char aStatic[64];
+        char *aBuf = aStatic;
+        int nBuf = 64;
+        int n;
+
+        while( 1 ){
+          n = readlink(pCur->zPath, aBuf, nBuf);
+          if( n<nBuf ) break;
+          if( aBuf!=aStatic ) sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+          nBuf = nBuf*2;
+          aBuf = sqlite3_malloc(nBuf);
+          if( aBuf==0 ){
+            sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+            return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          }
+        }
+
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, aBuf, n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+        if( aBuf!=aStatic ) sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+#endif
+      }else{
+        readFileContents(ctx, pCur->zPath);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row. In this implementation, the
+** first row returned is assigned rowid value 1, and each subsequent
+** row a value 1 more than that of the previous.
+*/
+static int fsdirRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int fsdirEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  return (pCur->zPath==0);
+}
+
+/*
+** xFilter callback.
+*/
+static int fsdirFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zDir = 0;
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  (void)idxStr;
+  fsdirResetCursor(pCur);
+
+  if( idxNum==0 ){
+    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires an argument");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  assert( argc==idxNum && (argc==1 || argc==2) );
+  zDir = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zDir==0 ){
+    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires a non-NULL argument");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  if( argc==2 ){
+    pCur->zBase = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
+  }
+  if( pCur->zBase ){
+    pCur->nBase = (int)strlen(pCur->zBase)+1;
+    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/%s", pCur->zBase, zDir);
+  }else{
+    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zDir);
+  }
+
+  if( pCur->zPath==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  if( lstat(pCur->zPath, &pCur->sStat) ){
+    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "cannot stat file: %s", pCur->zPath);
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
+** that uses the generate_series virtual table.  This routine needs to create
+** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
+** plan.
+**
+** In this implementation idxNum is used to represent the
+** query plan.  idxStr is unused.
+**
+** The query plan is represented by bits in idxNum:
+**
+**  (1)  start = $value  -- constraint exists
+**  (2)  stop = $value   -- constraint exists
+**  (4)  step = $value   -- constraint exists
+**  (8)  output in descending order
+*/
+static int fsdirBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
+  int idx4 = -1;
+  int idx5 = -1;
+  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
+
+  (void)tab;
+  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
+    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->iColumn==4 ) idx4 = i;
+    if( pConstraint->iColumn==5 ) idx5 = i;
+  }
+
+  if( idx4<0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
+    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)(((sqlite3_int64)1) << 50);
+  }else{
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx4].omit = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx4].argvIndex = 1;
+    if( idx5>=0 ){
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx5].omit = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx5].argvIndex = 2;
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 2;
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 10.0;
+    }else{
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 100.0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Register the "fsdir" virtual table.
+*/
+static int fsdirRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+  static sqlite3_module fsdirModule = {
+    0,                         /* iVersion */
+    0,                         /* xCreate */
+    fsdirConnect,              /* xConnect */
+    fsdirBestIndex,            /* xBestIndex */
+    fsdirDisconnect,           /* xDisconnect */
+    0,                         /* xDestroy */
+    fsdirOpen,                 /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    fsdirClose,                /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    fsdirFilter,               /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    fsdirNext,                 /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    fsdirEof,                  /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+    fsdirColumn,               /* xColumn - read data */
+    fsdirRowid,                /* xRowid - read data */
+    0,                         /* xUpdate */
+    0,                         /* xBegin */
+    0,                         /* xSync */
+    0,                         /* xCommit */
+    0,                         /* xRollback */
+    0,                         /* xFindMethod */
+    0,                         /* xRename */
+    0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                         /* xRelease */
+    0                          /* xRollbackTo */
+  };
+
+  int rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "fsdir", &fsdirModule, 0);
+  return rc;
+}
+#else         /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+# define fsdirRegister(x) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_fileio_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "readfile", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                               readfileFunc, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "writefile", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 writefileFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "lsmode", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 lsModeFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = fsdirRegister(db);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/fileio.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/completion.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-07-10
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements an eponymous virtual table that returns suggested
+** completions for a partial SQL input.
+**
+** Suggested usage:
+**
+**     SELECT DISTINCT candidate COLLATE nocase
+**       FROM completion($prefix,$wholeline)
+**      ORDER BY 1;
+**
+** The two query parameters are optional.  $prefix is the text of the
+** current word being typed and that is to be completed.  $wholeline is
+** the complete input line, used for context.
+**
+** The raw completion() table might return the same candidate multiple
+** times, for example if the same column name is used to two or more
+** tables.  And the candidates are returned in an arbitrary order.  Hence,
+** the DISTINCT and ORDER BY are recommended.
+**
+** This virtual table operates at the speed of human typing, and so there
+** is no attempt to make it fast.  Even a slow implementation will be much
+** faster than any human can type.
+**
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+/* completion_vtab is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a completion virtual table
+*/
+typedef struct completion_vtab completion_vtab;
+struct completion_vtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;        /* Database connection for this completion vtab */
+};
+
+/* completion_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
+** over rows of the result
+*/
+typedef struct completion_cursor completion_cursor;
+struct completion_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection for this cursor */
+  int nPrefix, nLine;        /* Number of bytes in zPrefix and zLine */
+  char *zPrefix;             /* The prefix for the word we want to complete */
+  char *zLine;               /* The whole that we want to complete */
+  const char *zCurrentRow;   /* Current output row */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;       /* Current statement */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
+  int ePhase;                /* Current phase */
+  int j;                     /* inter-phase counter */
+};
+
+/* Values for ePhase:
+*/
+#define COMPLETION_FIRST_PHASE   1
+#define COMPLETION_KEYWORDS      1
+#define COMPLETION_PRAGMAS       2
+#define COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS     3
+#define COMPLETION_COLLATIONS    4
+#define COMPLETION_INDEXES       5
+#define COMPLETION_TRIGGERS      6
+#define COMPLETION_DATABASES     7
+#define COMPLETION_TABLES        8
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMNS       9
+#define COMPLETION_MODULES       10
+#define COMPLETION_EOF           11
+
+/*
+** The completionConnect() method is invoked to create a new
+** completion_vtab that describes the completion virtual table.
+**
+** Think of this routine as the constructor for completion_vtab objects.
+**
+** All this routine needs to do is:
+**
+**    (1) Allocate the completion_vtab object and initialize all fields.
+**
+**    (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
+**        result set of queries against completion will look like.
+*/
+static int completionConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  completion_vtab *pNew;
+  int rc;
+
+  (void)(pAux);    /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(argc);    /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(argv);    /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(pzErr);   /* Unused parameter */
+
+/* Column numbers */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_CANDIDATE 0  /* Suggested completion of the input */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX    1  /* Prefix of the word to be completed */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE 2  /* Entire line seen so far */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_PHASE     3  /* ePhase - used for debugging only */
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
+      "CREATE TABLE x("
+      "  candidate TEXT,"
+      "  prefix TEXT HIDDEN,"
+      "  wholeline TEXT HIDDEN,"
+      "  phase INT HIDDEN"        /* Used for debugging only */
+      ")");
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+    pNew->db = db;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for completion_cursor objects.
+*/
+static int completionDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new completion_cursor object.
+*/
+static int completionOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  completion_cursor *pCur;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->db = ((completion_vtab*)p)->db;
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset the completion_cursor.
+*/
+static void completionCursorReset(completion_cursor *pCur){
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zPrefix);   pCur->zPrefix = 0;  pCur->nPrefix = 0;
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zLine);     pCur->zLine = 0;    pCur->nLine = 0;
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pStmt); pCur->pStmt = 0;
+  pCur->j = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for a completion_cursor.
+*/
+static int completionClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  completionCursorReset((completion_cursor*)cur);
+  sqlite3_free(cur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** All SQL keywords understood by SQLite
+*/
+static const char *completionKwrds[] = {
+  "ABORT", "ACTION", "ADD", "AFTER", "ALL", "ALTER", "ANALYZE", "AND", "AS",
+  "ASC", "ATTACH", "AUTOINCREMENT", "BEFORE", "BEGIN", "BETWEEN", "BY",
+  "CASCADE", "CASE", "CAST", "CHECK", "COLLATE", "COLUMN", "COMMIT",
+  "CONFLICT", "CONSTRAINT", "CREATE", "CROSS", "CURRENT_DATE",
+  "CURRENT_TIME", "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", "DATABASE", "DEFAULT", "DEFERRABLE",
+  "DEFERRED", "DELETE", "DESC", "DETACH", "DISTINCT", "DROP", "EACH",
+  "ELSE", "END", "ESCAPE", "EXCEPT", "EXCLUSIVE", "EXISTS", "EXPLAIN",
+  "FAIL", "FOR", "FOREIGN", "FROM", "FULL", "GLOB", "GROUP", "HAVING", "IF",
+  "IGNORE", "IMMEDIATE", "IN", "INDEX", "INDEXED", "INITIALLY", "INNER",
+  "INSERT", "INSTEAD", "INTERSECT", "INTO", "IS", "ISNULL", "JOIN", "KEY",
+  "LEFT", "LIKE", "LIMIT", "MATCH", "NATURAL", "NO", "NOT", "NOTNULL",
+  "NULL", "OF", "OFFSET", "ON", "OR", "ORDER", "OUTER", "PLAN", "PRAGMA",
+  "PRIMARY", "QUERY", "RAISE", "RECURSIVE", "REFERENCES", "REGEXP",
+  "REINDEX", "RELEASE", "RENAME", "REPLACE", "RESTRICT", "RIGHT",
+  "ROLLBACK", "ROW", "SAVEPOINT", "SELECT", "SET", "TABLE", "TEMP",
+  "TEMPORARY", "THEN", "TO", "TRANSACTION", "TRIGGER", "UNION", "UNIQUE",
+  "UPDATE", "USING", "VACUUM", "VALUES", "VIEW", "VIRTUAL", "WHEN", "WHERE",
+  "WITH", "WITHOUT",
+};
+#define completionKwCount \
+   (int)(sizeof(completionKwrds)/sizeof(completionKwrds[0]))
+
+/*
+** Advance a completion_cursor to its next row of output.
+**
+** The ->ePhase, ->j, and ->pStmt fields of the completion_cursor object
+** record the current state of the scan.  This routine sets ->zCurrentRow
+** to the current row of output and then returns.  If no more rows remain,
+** then ->ePhase is set to COMPLETION_EOF which will signal the virtual
+** table that has reached the end of its scan.
+**
+** The current implementation just lists potential identifiers and
+** keywords and filters them by zPrefix.  Future enhancements should
+** take zLine into account to try to restrict the set of identifiers and
+** keywords based on what would be legal at the current point of input.
+*/
+static int completionNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  int eNextPhase = 0;  /* Next phase to try if current phase reaches end */
+  int iCol = -1;       /* If >=0, step pCur->pStmt and use the i-th column */
+  pCur->iRowid++;
+  while( pCur->ePhase!=COMPLETION_EOF ){
+    switch( pCur->ePhase ){
+      case COMPLETION_KEYWORDS: {
+        if( pCur->j >= completionKwCount ){
+          pCur->zCurrentRow = 0;
+          pCur->ePhase = COMPLETION_DATABASES;
+        }else{
+          pCur->zCurrentRow = completionKwrds[pCur->j++];
+        }
+        iCol = -1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case COMPLETION_DATABASES: {
+        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1,
+                             &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+        }
+        iCol = 1;
+        eNextPhase = COMPLETION_TABLES;
+        break;
+      }
+      case COMPLETION_TABLES: {
+        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+          sqlite3_stmt *pS2;
+          char *zSql = 0;
+          const char *zSep = "";
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pS2, 0);
+          while( sqlite3_step(pS2)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+            const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pS2, 1);
+            zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+               "%z%s"
+               "SELECT name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
+               " WHERE type='table'",
+               zSql, zSep, zDb
+            );
+            if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+            zSep = " UNION ";
+          }
+          sqlite3_finalize(pS2);
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+          sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        }
+        iCol = 0;
+        eNextPhase = COMPLETION_COLUMNS;
+        break;
+      }
+      case COMPLETION_COLUMNS: {
+        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+          sqlite3_stmt *pS2;
+          char *zSql = 0;
+          const char *zSep = "";
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pS2, 0);
+          while( sqlite3_step(pS2)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+            const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pS2, 1);
+            zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+               "%z%s"
+               "SELECT pti.name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master AS sm"
+                       " JOIN pragma_table_info(sm.name,%Q) AS pti"
+               " WHERE sm.type='table'",
+               zSql, zSep, zDb, zDb
+            );
+            if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+            zSep = " UNION ";
+          }
+          sqlite3_finalize(pS2);
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+          sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        }
+        iCol = 0;
+        eNextPhase = COMPLETION_EOF;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( iCol<0 ){
+      /* This case is when the phase presets zCurrentRow */
+      if( pCur->zCurrentRow==0 ) continue;
+    }else{
+      if( sqlite3_step(pCur->pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        /* Extract the next row of content */
+        pCur->zCurrentRow = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pCur->pStmt, iCol);
+      }else{
+        /* When all rows are finished, advance to the next phase */
+        sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pStmt);
+        pCur->pStmt = 0;
+        pCur->ePhase = eNextPhase;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    if( pCur->nPrefix==0 ) break;
+    if( sqlite3_strnicmp(pCur->zPrefix, pCur->zCurrentRow, pCur->nPrefix)==0 ){
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the completion_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int completionColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_CANDIDATE: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zCurrentRow, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zPrefix, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zLine, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PHASE: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCur->ePhase);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
+** rowid is the same as the output value.
+*/
+static int completionRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int completionEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  return pCur->ePhase >= COMPLETION_EOF;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is called to "rewind" the completion_cursor object back
+** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
+** once prior to any call to completionColumn() or completionRowid() or 
+** completionEof().
+*/
+static int completionFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  int iArg = 0;
+  (void)(idxStr);   /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(argc);     /* Unused parameter */
+  completionCursorReset(pCur);
+  if( idxNum & 1 ){
+    pCur->nPrefix = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[iArg]);
+    if( pCur->nPrefix>0 ){
+      pCur->zPrefix = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[iArg]));
+      if( pCur->zPrefix==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    iArg++;
+  }
+  if( idxNum & 2 ){
+    pCur->nLine = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[iArg]);
+    if( pCur->nLine>0 ){
+      pCur->zLine = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[iArg]));
+      if( pCur->zLine==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    iArg++;
+  }
+  if( pCur->zLine!=0 && pCur->zPrefix==0 ){
+    int i = pCur->nLine;
+    while( i>0 && (isalnum(pCur->zLine[i-1]) || pCur->zLine[i-1]=='_') ){
+      i--;
+    }
+    pCur->nPrefix = pCur->nLine - i;
+    if( pCur->nPrefix>0 ){
+      pCur->zPrefix = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s", pCur->nPrefix, pCur->zLine + i);
+      if( pCur->zPrefix==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+  pCur->iRowid = 0;
+  pCur->ePhase = COMPLETION_FIRST_PHASE;
+  return completionNext(pVtabCursor);
+}
+
+/*
+** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
+** that uses the completion virtual table.  This routine needs to create
+** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
+** plan.
+**
+** There are two hidden parameters that act as arguments to the table-valued
+** function:  "prefix" and "wholeline".  Bit 0 of idxNum is set if "prefix"
+** is available and bit 1 is set if "wholeline" is available.
+*/
+static int completionBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
+  int idxNum = 0;        /* The query plan bitmask */
+  int prefixIdx = -1;    /* Index of the start= constraint, or -1 if none */
+  int wholelineIdx = -1; /* Index of the stop= constraint, or -1 if none */
+  int nArg = 0;          /* Number of arguments that completeFilter() expects */
+  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
+
+  (void)(tab);    /* Unused parameter */
+  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
+    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
+      case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX:
+        prefixIdx = i;
+        idxNum |= 1;
+        break;
+      case COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE:
+        wholelineIdx = i;
+        idxNum |= 2;
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  if( prefixIdx>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[prefixIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[prefixIdx].omit = 1;
+  }
+  if( wholelineIdx>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[wholelineIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[wholelineIdx].omit = 1;
+  }
+  pIdxInfo->idxNum = idxNum;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)5000 - 1000*nArg;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 500 - 100*nArg;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
+** completion virtual table.
+*/
+static sqlite3_module completionModule = {
+  0,                         /* iVersion */
+  0,                         /* xCreate */
+  completionConnect,         /* xConnect */
+  completionBestIndex,       /* xBestIndex */
+  completionDisconnect,      /* xDisconnect */
+  0,                         /* xDestroy */
+  completionOpen,            /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+  completionClose,           /* xClose - close a cursor */
+  completionFilter,          /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+  completionNext,            /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+  completionEof,             /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+  completionColumn,          /* xColumn - read data */
+  completionRowid,           /* xRowid - read data */
+  0,                         /* xUpdate */
+  0,                         /* xBegin */
+  0,                         /* xSync */
+  0,                         /* xCommit */
+  0,                         /* xRollback */
+  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
+  0,                         /* xRename */
+  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+  0,                         /* xRelease */
+  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
+};
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+int sqlite3CompletionVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "completion", &completionModule, 0);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_completion_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)(pzErrMsg);  /* Unused parameter */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3CompletionVtabInit(db);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/completion.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/appendvfs.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-10-20
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements a VFS shim that allows an SQLite database to be
+** appended onto the end of some other file, such as an executable.
+**
+** A special record must appear at the end of the file that identifies the
+** file as an appended database and provides an offset to page 1.  For
+** best performance page 1 should be located at a disk page boundary, though
+** that is not required.
+**
+** When opening a database using this VFS, the connection might treat
+** the file as an ordinary SQLite database, or it might treat is as a
+** database appended onto some other file.  Here are the rules:
+**
+**  (1)  When opening a new empty file, that file is treated as an ordinary
+**       database.
+**
+**  (2)  When opening a file that begins with the standard SQLite prefix
+**       string "SQLite format 3", that file is treated as an ordinary
+**       database.
+**
+**  (3)  When opening a file that ends with the appendvfs trailer string
+**       "Start-Of-SQLite3-NNNNNNNN" that file is treated as an appended
+**       database.
+**
+**  (4)  If none of the above apply and the SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE flag is
+**       set, then a new database is appended to the already existing file.
+**
+**  (5)  Otherwise, SQLITE_CANTOPEN is returned.
+**
+** To avoid unnecessary complications with the PENDING_BYTE, the size of
+** the file containing the database is limited to 1GB.  This VFS will refuse
+** to read or write past the 1GB mark.  This restriction might be lifted in
+** future versions.  For now, if you need a large database, then keep the
+** database in a separate file.
+**
+** If the file being opened is not an appended database, then this shim is
+** a pass-through into the default underlying VFS.
+**/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/* The append mark at the end of the database is:
+**
+**     Start-Of-SQLite3-NNNNNNNN
+**     123456789 123456789 12345
+**
+** The NNNNNNNN represents a 64-bit big-endian unsigned integer which is
+** the offset to page 1.
+*/
+#define APND_MARK_PREFIX     "Start-Of-SQLite3-"
+#define APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ  17
+#define APND_MARK_SIZE       25
+
+/*
+** Maximum size of the combined prefix + database + append-mark.  This
+** must be less than 0x40000000 to avoid locking issues on Windows.
+*/
+#define APND_MAX_SIZE  (65536*15259)
+
+/*
+** Forward declaration of objects used by this utility
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_vfs ApndVfs;
+typedef struct ApndFile ApndFile;
+
+/* Access to a lower-level VFS that (might) implement dynamic loading,
+** access to randomness, etc.
+*/
+#define ORIGVFS(p)  ((sqlite3_vfs*)((p)->pAppData))
+#define ORIGFILE(p) ((sqlite3_file*)(((ApndFile*)(p))+1))
+
+/* An open file */
+struct ApndFile {
+  sqlite3_file base;              /* IO methods */
+  sqlite3_int64 iPgOne;           /* File offset to page 1 */
+  sqlite3_int64 iMark;            /* Start of the append-mark */
+};
+
+/*
+** Methods for ApndFile
+*/
+static int apndClose(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndRead(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
+static int apndWrite(sqlite3_file*,const void*,int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
+static int apndTruncate(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
+static int apndSync(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
+static int apndFileSize(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
+static int apndLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
+static int apndUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
+static int apndCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
+static int apndFileControl(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
+static int apndSectorSize(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndShmMap(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
+static int apndShmLock(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
+static void apndShmBarrier(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndShmUnmap(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
+static int apndFetch(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
+static int apndUnfetch(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
+
+/*
+** Methods for ApndVfs
+*/
+static int apndOpen(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int , int *);
+static int apndDelete(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
+static int apndAccess(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *);
+static int apndFullPathname(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int, char *zOut);
+static void *apndDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
+static void apndDlError(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
+static void (*apndDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *p, const char*zSym))(void);
+static void apndDlClose(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
+static int apndRandomness(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
+static int apndSleep(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
+static int apndCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
+static int apndGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
+static int apndCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
+static int apndSetSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs*, const char*,sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
+static sqlite3_syscall_ptr apndGetSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *z);
+static const char *apndNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
+
+static sqlite3_vfs apnd_vfs = {
+  3,                            /* iVersion (set when registered) */
+  0,                            /* szOsFile (set when registered) */
+  1024,                         /* mxPathname */
+  0,                            /* pNext */
+  "apndvfs",                    /* zName */
+  0,                            /* pAppData (set when registered) */ 
+  apndOpen,                     /* xOpen */
+  apndDelete,                   /* xDelete */
+  apndAccess,                   /* xAccess */
+  apndFullPathname,             /* xFullPathname */
+  apndDlOpen,                   /* xDlOpen */
+  apndDlError,                  /* xDlError */
+  apndDlSym,                    /* xDlSym */
+  apndDlClose,                  /* xDlClose */
+  apndRandomness,               /* xRandomness */
+  apndSleep,                    /* xSleep */
+  apndCurrentTime,              /* xCurrentTime */
+  apndGetLastError,             /* xGetLastError */
+  apndCurrentTimeInt64,         /* xCurrentTimeInt64 */
+  apndSetSystemCall,            /* xSetSystemCall */
+  apndGetSystemCall,            /* xGetSystemCall */
+  apndNextSystemCall            /* xNextSystemCall */
+};
+
+static const sqlite3_io_methods apnd_io_methods = {
+  3,                              /* iVersion */
+  apndClose,                      /* xClose */
+  apndRead,                       /* xRead */
+  apndWrite,                      /* xWrite */
+  apndTruncate,                   /* xTruncate */
+  apndSync,                       /* xSync */
+  apndFileSize,                   /* xFileSize */
+  apndLock,                       /* xLock */
+  apndUnlock,                     /* xUnlock */
+  apndCheckReservedLock,          /* xCheckReservedLock */
+  apndFileControl,                /* xFileControl */
+  apndSectorSize,                 /* xSectorSize */
+  apndDeviceCharacteristics,      /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
+  apndShmMap,                     /* xShmMap */
+  apndShmLock,                    /* xShmLock */
+  apndShmBarrier,                 /* xShmBarrier */
+  apndShmUnmap,                   /* xShmUnmap */
+  apndFetch,                      /* xFetch */
+  apndUnfetch                     /* xUnfetch */
+};
+
+
+
+/*
+** Close an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xClose(pFile);
+}
+
+/*
+** Read data from an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndRead(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
+  void *zBuf, 
+  int iAmt, 
+  sqlite_int64 iOfst
+){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst+p->iPgOne);
+}
+
+/*
+** Add the append-mark onto the end of the file.
+*/
+static int apndWriteMark(ApndFile *p, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  int i;
+  unsigned char a[APND_MARK_SIZE];
+  memcpy(a, APND_MARK_PREFIX, APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ);
+  for(i=0; i<8; i++){
+    a[APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ+i] = (p->iPgOne >> (56 - i*8)) & 0xff;
+  }
+  return pFile->pMethods->xWrite(pFile, a, APND_MARK_SIZE, p->iMark);
+}
+
+/*
+** Write data to an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndWrite(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  const void *zBuf,
+  int iAmt,
+  sqlite_int64 iOfst
+){
+  int rc;
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  if( iOfst+iAmt>=APND_MAX_SIZE ) return SQLITE_FULL;
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xWrite(pFile, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst+p->iPgOne);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK &&  iOfst + iAmt + p->iPgOne > p->iMark ){
+    sqlite3_int64 sz = 0;
+    rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pFile, &sz);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      p->iMark = sz - APND_MARK_SIZE;
+      if( iOfst + iAmt + p->iPgOne > p->iMark ){
+        p->iMark = p->iPgOne + iOfst + iAmt;
+        rc = apndWriteMark(p, pFile);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Truncate an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndTruncate(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 size){
+  int rc;
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xTruncate(pFile, size+p->iPgOne+APND_MARK_SIZE);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    p->iMark = p->iPgOne+size;
+    rc = apndWriteMark(p, pFile);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Sync an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndSync(sqlite3_file *pFile, int flags){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xSync(pFile, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the current file-size of an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndFileSize(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  int rc;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(p);
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pFile, pSize);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->iPgOne ){
+    *pSize -= p->iPgOne + APND_MARK_SIZE;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Lock an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xLock(pFile, eLock);
+}
+
+/*
+** Unlock an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndUnlock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xUnlock(pFile, eLock);
+}
+
+/*
+** Check if another file-handle holds a RESERVED lock on an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int *pResOut){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xCheckReservedLock(pFile, pResOut);
+}
+
+/*
+** File control method. For custom operations on an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  int rc;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileControl(pFile, op, pArg);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && op==SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME ){
+    *(char**)pArg = sqlite3_mprintf("apnd(%lld)/%z", p->iPgOne, *(char**)pArg);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the sector-size in bytes for an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndSectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xSectorSize(pFile);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the device characteristic flags supported by an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics(pFile);
+}
+
+/* Create a shared memory file mapping */
+static int apndShmMap(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  int iPg,
+  int pgsz,
+  int bExtend,
+  void volatile **pp
+){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xShmMap(pFile,iPg,pgsz,bExtend,pp);
+}
+
+/* Perform locking on a shared-memory segment */
+static int apndShmLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int offset, int n, int flags){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xShmLock(pFile,offset,n,flags);
+}
+
+/* Memory barrier operation on shared memory */
+static void apndShmBarrier(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  pFile->pMethods->xShmBarrier(pFile);
+}
+
+/* Unmap a shared memory segment */
+static int apndShmUnmap(sqlite3_file *pFile, int deleteFlag){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xShmUnmap(pFile,deleteFlag);
+}
+
+/* Fetch a page of a memory-mapped file */
+static int apndFetch(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  sqlite3_int64 iOfst,
+  int iAmt,
+  void **pp
+){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xFetch(pFile, iOfst+p->iPgOne, iAmt, pp);
+}
+
+/* Release a memory-mapped page */
+static int apndUnfetch(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *pPage){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xUnfetch(pFile, iOfst+p->iPgOne, pPage);
+}
+
+/*
+** Check to see if the file is an ordinary SQLite database file.
+*/
+static int apndIsOrdinaryDatabaseFile(sqlite3_int64 sz, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  int rc;
+  char zHdr[16];
+  static const char aSqliteHdr[] = "SQLite format 3";
+  if( sz<512 ) return 0;
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, zHdr, sizeof(zHdr), 0);
+  if( rc ) return 0;
+  return memcmp(zHdr, aSqliteHdr, sizeof(zHdr))==0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Try to read the append-mark off the end of a file.  Return the
+** start of the appended database if the append-mark is present.  If
+** there is no append-mark, return -1;
+*/
+static sqlite3_int64 apndReadMark(sqlite3_int64 sz, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  int rc, i;
+  sqlite3_int64 iMark;
+  unsigned char a[APND_MARK_SIZE];
+
+  if( sz<=APND_MARK_SIZE ) return -1;
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, a, APND_MARK_SIZE, sz-APND_MARK_SIZE);
+  if( rc ) return -1;
+  if( memcmp(a, APND_MARK_PREFIX, APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ)!=0 ) return -1;
+  iMark = ((sqlite3_int64)(a[APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ]&0x7f))<<56;
+  for(i=1; i<8; i++){    
+    iMark += (sqlite3_int64)a[APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ+i]<<(56-8*i);
+  }
+  return iMark;
+}
+
+/*
+** Open an apnd file handle.
+*/
+static int apndOpen(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zName,
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  int flags,
+  int *pOutFlags
+){
+  ApndFile *p;
+  sqlite3_file *pSubFile;
+  sqlite3_vfs *pSubVfs;
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3_int64 sz;
+  pSubVfs = ORIGVFS(pVfs);
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)==0 ){
+    return pSubVfs->xOpen(pSubVfs, zName, pFile, flags, pOutFlags);
+  }
+  p = (ApndFile*)pFile;
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+  pSubFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  p->base.pMethods = &apnd_io_methods;
+  rc = pSubVfs->xOpen(pSubVfs, zName, pSubFile, flags, pOutFlags);
+  if( rc ) goto apnd_open_done;
+  rc = pSubFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pSubFile, &sz);
+  if( rc ){
+    pSubFile->pMethods->xClose(pSubFile);
+    goto apnd_open_done;
+  }
+  if( apndIsOrdinaryDatabaseFile(sz, pSubFile) ){
+    memmove(pFile, pSubFile, pSubVfs->szOsFile);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  p->iMark = 0;
+  p->iPgOne = apndReadMark(sz, pFile);
+  if( p->iPgOne>0 ){
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE)==0 ){
+    pSubFile->pMethods->xClose(pSubFile);
+    rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
+  }
+  p->iPgOne = (sz+0xfff) & ~(sqlite3_int64)0xfff;
+apnd_open_done:
+  if( rc ) pFile->pMethods = 0;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** All other VFS methods are pass-thrus.
+*/
+static int apndDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDelete(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zPath, dirSync);
+}
+static int apndAccess(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
+  const char *zPath, 
+  int flags, 
+  int *pResOut
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xAccess(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zPath, flags, pResOut);
+}
+static int apndFullPathname(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
+  const char *zPath, 
+  int nOut, 
+  char *zOut
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xFullPathname(ORIGVFS(pVfs),zPath,nOut,zOut);
+}
+static void *apndDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlOpen(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zPath);
+}
+static void apndDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zErrMsg){
+  ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlError(ORIGVFS(pVfs), nByte, zErrMsg);
+}
+static void (*apndDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *p, const char *zSym))(void){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlSym(ORIGVFS(pVfs), p, zSym);
+}
+static void apndDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
+  ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlClose(ORIGVFS(pVfs), pHandle);
+}
+static int apndRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xRandomness(ORIGVFS(pVfs), nByte, zBufOut);
+}
+static int apndSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xSleep(ORIGVFS(pVfs), nMicro);
+}
+static int apndCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *pTimeOut){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xCurrentTime(ORIGVFS(pVfs), pTimeOut);
+}
+static int apndGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int a, char *b){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xGetLastError(ORIGVFS(pVfs), a, b);
+}
+static int apndCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, sqlite3_int64 *p){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xCurrentTimeInt64(ORIGVFS(pVfs), p);
+}
+static int apndSetSystemCall(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zName,
+  sqlite3_syscall_ptr pCall
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xSetSystemCall(ORIGVFS(pVfs),zName,pCall);
+}
+static sqlite3_syscall_ptr apndGetSystemCall(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zName
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xGetSystemCall(ORIGVFS(pVfs),zName);
+}
+static const char *apndNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zName){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xNextSystemCall(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zName);
+}
+
+  
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+/* 
+** This routine is called when the extension is loaded.
+** Register the new VFS.
+*/
+int sqlite3_appendvfs_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3_vfs *pOrig;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;
+  (void)db;
+  pOrig = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
+  apnd_vfs.iVersion = pOrig->iVersion;
+  apnd_vfs.pAppData = pOrig;
+  apnd_vfs.szOsFile = pOrig->szOsFile + sizeof(ApndFile);
+  rc = sqlite3_vfs_register(&apnd_vfs, 0);
+#ifdef APPENDVFS_TEST
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_auto_extension((void(*)(void))apndvfsRegister);
+  }
+#endif
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/appendvfs.c ********************/
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/zipfile.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-12-26
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements a virtual table for reading and writing ZIP archive
+** files.
+**
+** Usage example:
+**
+**     SELECT name, sz, datetime(mtime,'unixepoch') FROM zipfile($filename);
+**
+** Current limitations:
+**
+**    *  No support for encryption
+**    *  No support for ZIP archives spanning multiple files
+**    *  No support for zip64 extensions
+**    *  Only the "inflate/deflate" (zlib) compression method is supported
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <dirent.h>
+#  include <utime.h>
+#else
+#  include <io.h>
+#endif
+#include <time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
+/* typedef sqlite3_int64 i64; */
+/* typedef unsigned char u8; */
+typedef unsigned short u16;
+typedef unsigned long u32;
+#define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+static const char ZIPFILE_SCHEMA[] = 
+  "CREATE TABLE y("
+    "name PRIMARY KEY,"  /* 0: Name of file in zip archive */
+    "mode,"              /* 1: POSIX mode for file */
+    "mtime,"             /* 2: Last modification time (secs since 1970)*/
+    "sz,"                /* 3: Size of object */
+    "rawdata,"           /* 4: Raw data */
+    "data,"              /* 5: Uncompressed data */
+    "method,"            /* 6: Compression method (integer) */
+    "z HIDDEN"           /* 7: Name of zip file */
+  ") WITHOUT ROWID;";
+
+#define ZIPFILE_F_COLUMN_IDX 7    /* Index of column "file" in the above */
+#define ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE (64*1024)
+
+
+/*
+** Magic numbers used to read and write zip files.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_MADEBY:
+**   Use this value for the "version-made-by" field in new zip file
+**   entries. The upper byte indicates "unix", and the lower byte 
+**   indicates that the zip file matches pkzip specification 3.0. 
+**   This is what info-zip seems to do.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_REQUIRED:
+**   Value for "version-required-to-extract" field of new entries.
+**   Version 2.0 is required to support folders and deflate compression.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_FLAGS:
+**   Value for "general-purpose-bit-flags" field of new entries. Bit
+**   11 means "utf-8 filename and comment".
+**
+** ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS:
+**   First 4 bytes of a valid CDS record.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH:
+**   First 4 bytes of a valid LFH record.
+*/
+#define ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP   0x5455
+#define ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_MADEBY   ((3<<8) + 30)
+#define ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_REQUIRED 20
+#define ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_FLAGS    0x800
+#define ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS     0x02014b50
+#define ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH     0x04034b50
+#define ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_EOCD    0x06054b50
+#define ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ      30
+
+/*
+** Set the error message contained in context ctx to the results of
+** vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void zipfileCtxErrorMsg(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  char *zMsg = 0;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  sqlite3_result_error(ctx, zMsg, -1);
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+
+/*
+*** 4.3.16  End of central directory record:
+***
+***   end of central dir signature    4 bytes  (0x06054b50)
+***   number of this disk             2 bytes
+***   number of the disk with the
+***   start of the central directory  2 bytes
+***   total number of entries in the
+***   central directory on this disk  2 bytes
+***   total number of entries in
+***   the central directory           2 bytes
+***   size of the central directory   4 bytes
+***   offset of start of central
+***   directory with respect to
+***   the starting disk number        4 bytes
+***   .ZIP file comment length        2 bytes
+***   .ZIP file comment       (variable size)
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileEOCD ZipfileEOCD;
+struct ZipfileEOCD {
+  u16 iDisk;
+  u16 iFirstDisk;
+  u16 nEntry;
+  u16 nEntryTotal;
+  u32 nSize;
+  u32 iOffset;
+};
+
+/*
+*** 4.3.12  Central directory structure:
+***
+*** ...
+***
+***   central file header signature   4 bytes  (0x02014b50)
+***   version made by                 2 bytes
+***   version needed to extract       2 bytes
+***   general purpose bit flag        2 bytes
+***   compression method              2 bytes
+***   last mod file time              2 bytes
+***   last mod file date              2 bytes
+***   crc-32                          4 bytes
+***   compressed size                 4 bytes
+***   uncompressed size               4 bytes
+***   file name length                2 bytes
+***   extra field length              2 bytes
+***   file comment length             2 bytes
+***   disk number start               2 bytes
+***   internal file attributes        2 bytes
+***   external file attributes        4 bytes
+***   relative offset of local header 4 bytes
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileCDS ZipfileCDS;
+struct ZipfileCDS {
+  u16 iVersionMadeBy;
+  u16 iVersionExtract;
+  u16 flags;
+  u16 iCompression;
+  u16 mTime;
+  u16 mDate;
+  u32 crc32;
+  u32 szCompressed;
+  u32 szUncompressed;
+  u16 nFile;
+  u16 nExtra;
+  u16 nComment;
+  u16 iDiskStart;
+  u16 iInternalAttr;
+  u32 iExternalAttr;
+  u32 iOffset;
+  char *zFile;                    /* Filename (sqlite3_malloc()) */
+};
+
+/*
+*** 4.3.7  Local file header:
+***
+***   local file header signature     4 bytes  (0x04034b50)
+***   version needed to extract       2 bytes
+***   general purpose bit flag        2 bytes
+***   compression method              2 bytes
+***   last mod file time              2 bytes
+***   last mod file date              2 bytes
+***   crc-32                          4 bytes
+***   compressed size                 4 bytes
+***   uncompressed size               4 bytes
+***   file name length                2 bytes
+***   extra field length              2 bytes
+***   
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileLFH ZipfileLFH;
+struct ZipfileLFH {
+  u16 iVersionExtract;
+  u16 flags;
+  u16 iCompression;
+  u16 mTime;
+  u16 mDate;
+  u32 crc32;
+  u32 szCompressed;
+  u32 szUncompressed;
+  u16 nFile;
+  u16 nExtra;
+};
+
+typedef struct ZipfileEntry ZipfileEntry;
+struct ZipfileEntry {
+  char *zPath;               /* Path of zipfile entry */
+  u8 *aCdsEntry;             /* Buffer containing entire CDS entry */
+  int nCdsEntry;             /* Size of buffer aCdsEntry[] in bytes */
+  int bDeleted;              /* True if entry has been deleted */
+  ZipfileEntry *pNext;       /* Next element in in-memory CDS */
+};
+
+/* 
+** Cursor type for recursively iterating through a directory structure.
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileCsr ZipfileCsr;
+struct ZipfileCsr {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  i64 iId;                   /* Cursor ID */
+  int bEof;                  /* True when at EOF */
+
+  /* Used outside of write transactions */
+  FILE *pFile;               /* Zip file */
+  i64 iNextOff;              /* Offset of next record in central directory */
+  ZipfileEOCD eocd;          /* Parse of central directory record */
+
+  /* Used inside write transactions */
+  ZipfileEntry *pCurrent;
+
+  ZipfileCDS cds;            /* Central Directory Structure */
+  ZipfileLFH lfh;            /* Local File Header for current entry */
+  i64 iDataOff;              /* Offset in zipfile to data */
+  u32 mTime;                 /* Extended mtime value */
+  int flags;                 /* Flags byte (see below for bits) */
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsrNext;      /* Next cursor on same virtual table */
+};
+
+/*
+** Values for ZipfileCsr.flags.
+*/
+#define ZIPFILE_MTIME_VALID 0x0001
+
+typedef struct ZipfileTab ZipfileTab;
+struct ZipfileTab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */
+  char *zFile;               /* Zip file this table accesses (may be NULL) */
+  u8 *aBuffer;               /* Temporary buffer used for various tasks */
+
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsrList;      /* List of cursors */
+  i64 iNextCsrid;
+
+  /* The following are used by write transactions only */
+  ZipfileEntry *pFirstEntry; /* Linked list of all files (if pWriteFd!=0) */
+  ZipfileEntry *pLastEntry;  /* Last element in pFirstEntry list */
+  FILE *pWriteFd;            /* File handle open on zip archive */
+  i64 szCurrent;             /* Current size of zip archive */
+  i64 szOrig;                /* Size of archive at start of transaction */
+};
+
+static void zipfileDequote(char *zIn){
+  char q = zIn[0];
+  if( q=='"' || q=='\'' || q=='`' || q=='[' ){
+    char c;
+    int iIn = 1;
+    int iOut = 0;
+    if( q=='[' ) q = ']';
+    while( (c = zIn[iIn++]) ){
+      if( c==q ){
+        if( zIn[iIn++]!=q ) break;
+      }
+      zIn[iOut++] = c;
+    }
+    zIn[iOut] = '\0';
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Construct a new ZipfileTab virtual table object.
+** 
+**   argv[0]   -> module name  ("zipfile")
+**   argv[1]   -> database name
+**   argv[2]   -> table name
+**   argv[...] -> "column name" and other module argument fields.
+*/
+static int zipfileConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  int nByte = sizeof(ZipfileTab) + ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE;
+  int nFile = 0;
+  const char *zFile = 0;
+  ZipfileTab *pNew = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  if( argc>3 ){
+    zFile = argv[3];
+    nFile = (int)strlen(zFile)+1;
+  }
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, ZIPFILE_SCHEMA);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = (ZipfileTab*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte+nFile);
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, nByte+nFile);
+    pNew->aBuffer = (u8*)&pNew[1];
+    if( zFile ){
+      pNew->zFile = (char*)&pNew->aBuffer[ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      memcpy(pNew->zFile, zFile, nFile);
+      zipfileDequote(pNew->zFile);
+    }
+  }
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for zipfile vtab objects.
+*/
+static int zipfileDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new ZipfileCsr object.
+*/
+static int zipfileOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCsr){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)p;
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr;
+  pCsr = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pCsr));
+  *ppCsr = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor*)pCsr;
+  if( pCsr==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(*pCsr));
+  pCsr->iId = ++pTab->iNextCsrid;
+  pCsr->pCsrNext = pTab->pCsrList;
+  pTab->pCsrList = pCsr;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset a cursor back to the state it was in when first returned
+** by zipfileOpen().
+*/
+static void zipfileResetCursor(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->cds.zFile);
+  pCsr->cds.zFile = 0;
+  pCsr->bEof = 0;
+  if( pCsr->pFile ){
+    fclose(pCsr->pFile);
+    pCsr->pFile = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for an ZipfileCsr.
+*/
+static int zipfileClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  ZipfileCsr **pp;
+  zipfileResetCursor(pCsr);
+
+  /* Remove this cursor from the ZipfileTab.pCsrList list. */
+  for(pp=&pTab->pCsrList; *pp; pp=&((*pp)->pCsrNext)){
+    if( *pp==pCsr ){ 
+      *pp = pCsr->pCsrNext;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the error message for the virtual table associated with cursor
+** pCsr to the results of vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void zipfileSetErrmsg(ZipfileCsr *pCsr, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+static int zipfileReadData(
+  FILE *pFile,                    /* Read from this file */
+  u8 *aRead,                      /* Read into this buffer */
+  int nRead,                      /* Number of bytes to read */
+  i64 iOff,                       /* Offset to read from */
+  char **pzErrmsg                 /* OUT: Error message (from sqlite3_malloc) */
+){
+  size_t n;
+  fseek(pFile, (long)iOff, SEEK_SET);
+  n = fread(aRead, 1, nRead, pFile);
+  if( (int)n!=nRead ){
+    *pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("error in fread()");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int zipfileAppendData(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,
+  const u8 *aWrite,
+  int nWrite
+){
+  size_t n;
+  fseek(pTab->pWriteFd, (long)pTab->szCurrent, SEEK_SET);
+  n = fwrite(aWrite, 1, nWrite, pTab->pWriteFd);
+  if( (int)n!=nWrite ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("error in fwrite()");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  pTab->szCurrent += nWrite;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static u16 zipfileGetU16(const u8 *aBuf){
+  return (aBuf[1] << 8) + aBuf[0];
+}
+static u32 zipfileGetU32(const u8 *aBuf){
+  return ((u32)(aBuf[3]) << 24)
+       + ((u32)(aBuf[2]) << 16)
+       + ((u32)(aBuf[1]) <<  8)
+       + ((u32)(aBuf[0]) <<  0);
+}
+
+static void zipfilePutU16(u8 *aBuf, u16 val){
+  aBuf[0] = val & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[1] = (val>>8) & 0xFF;
+}
+static void zipfilePutU32(u8 *aBuf, u32 val){
+  aBuf[0] = val & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[1] = (val>>8) & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[2] = (val>>16) & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[3] = (val>>24) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+#define zipfileRead32(aBuf) ( aBuf+=4, zipfileGetU32(aBuf-4) )
+#define zipfileRead16(aBuf) ( aBuf+=2, zipfileGetU16(aBuf-2) )
+
+#define zipfileWrite32(aBuf,val) { zipfilePutU32(aBuf,val); aBuf+=4; }
+#define zipfileWrite16(aBuf,val) { zipfilePutU16(aBuf,val); aBuf+=2; }
+
+static u8* zipfileCsrBuffer(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  return ((ZipfileTab*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))->aBuffer;
+}
+
+/*
+** Magic numbers used to read CDS records.
+*/
+#define ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ         46
+#define ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF        28
+
+/*
+** Decode the CDS record in buffer aBuf into (*pCDS). Return SQLITE_ERROR
+** if the record is not well-formed, or SQLITE_OK otherwise.
+*/
+static int zipfileReadCDS(u8 *aBuf, ZipfileCDS *pCDS){
+  u8 *aRead = aBuf;
+  u32 sig = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sig!=ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS ){
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    pCDS->iVersionMadeBy = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iVersionExtract = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->flags = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iCompression = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->mTime = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->mDate = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->crc32 = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pCDS->szCompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pCDS->szUncompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    assert( aRead==&aBuf[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF] );
+    pCDS->nFile = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->nExtra = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->nComment = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iDiskStart = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iInternalAttr = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iExternalAttr = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pCDS->iOffset = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    assert( aRead==&aBuf[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ] );
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Read the CDS record for the current entry from disk into pCsr->cds.
+*/
+static int zipfileCsrReadCDS(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  char **pzErr = &pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg;
+  u8 *aRead;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->cds.zFile);
+  pCsr->cds.zFile = 0;
+
+  if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+    aRead = zipfileCsrBuffer(pCsr);
+    rc = zipfileReadData(
+        pCsr->pFile, aRead, ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ, pCsr->iNextOff, pzErr
+    );
+  }else{
+    aRead = pCsr->pCurrent->aCdsEntry;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileReadCDS(aRead, &pCsr->cds);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      assert( pCsr->pCurrent==0 );
+      zipfileSetErrmsg(pCsr,"failed to read CDS at offset %lld",pCsr->iNextOff);
+    }else{
+      int nRead;
+      if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+        nRead = pCsr->cds.nFile + pCsr->cds.nExtra;
+        aRead = zipfileCsrBuffer(pCsr);
+        pCsr->iNextOff += ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ;
+        rc = zipfileReadData(pCsr->pFile, aRead, nRead, pCsr->iNextOff, pzErr);
+      }else{
+        aRead = &aRead[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ];
+      }
+
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pCsr->cds.zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s", (int)pCsr->cds.nFile, aRead);
+        pCsr->iNextOff += pCsr->cds.nFile;
+        pCsr->iNextOff += pCsr->cds.nExtra;
+        pCsr->iNextOff += pCsr->cds.nComment;
+      }
+
+      /* Scan the cds.nExtra bytes of "extra" fields for any that can
+      ** be interpreted. The general format of an extra field is:
+      **
+      **   Header ID    2 bytes
+      **   Data Size    2 bytes
+      **   Data         N bytes
+      **
+      */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        u8 *p = &aRead[pCsr->cds.nFile];
+        u8 *pEnd = &p[pCsr->cds.nExtra];
+
+        while( p<pEnd ){
+          u16 id = zipfileRead16(p);
+          u16 nByte = zipfileRead16(p);
+
+          switch( id ){
+            case ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP: {
+              u8 b = p[0];
+              if( b & 0x01 ){     /* 0x01 -> modtime is present */
+                pCsr->mTime = zipfileGetU32(&p[1]);
+                pCsr->flags |= ZIPFILE_MTIME_VALID;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+
+          p += nByte;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static FILE *zipfileGetFd(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  if( pCsr->pFile ) return pCsr->pFile;
+  return ((ZipfileTab*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))->pWriteFd;
+}
+
+static int zipfileReadLFH(
+  FILE *pFd, 
+  i64 iOffset,
+  u8 *aTmp, 
+  ZipfileLFH *pLFH, 
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  u8 *aRead = aTmp;
+  static const int szFix = ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ;
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = zipfileReadData(pFd, aRead, szFix, iOffset, pzErr);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    u32 sig = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    if( sig!=ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH ){
+      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("failed to read LFH at offset %d", (int)iOffset);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      pLFH->iVersionExtract = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->flags = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->iCompression = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->mTime = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->mDate = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->crc32 = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+      pLFH->szCompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+      pLFH->szUncompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+      pLFH->nFile = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->nExtra = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      assert( aRead==&aTmp[szFix] );
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileCsrReadLFH(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  FILE *pFile = zipfileGetFd(pCsr);
+  char **pzErr = &pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg;
+  u8 *aRead = zipfileCsrBuffer(pCsr);
+  int rc = zipfileReadLFH(pFile, pCsr->cds.iOffset, aRead, &pCsr->lfh, pzErr);
+  pCsr->iDataOff =  pCsr->cds.iOffset + ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ;
+  pCsr->iDataOff += pCsr->lfh.nFile+pCsr->lfh.nExtra;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance an ZipfileCsr to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int zipfileNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  pCsr->flags = 0;
+
+  if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+    i64 iEof = pCsr->eocd.iOffset + pCsr->eocd.nSize;
+    if( pCsr->iNextOff>=iEof ){
+      pCsr->bEof = 1;
+    }
+  }else{
+    assert( pCsr->pFile==0 );
+    do {
+      pCsr->pCurrent = pCsr->pCurrent->pNext;
+    }while( pCsr->pCurrent && pCsr->pCurrent->bDeleted );
+    if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+      pCsr->bEof = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pCsr->bEof==0 ){
+    rc = zipfileCsrReadCDS(pCsr);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = zipfileCsrReadLFH(pCsr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** "Standard" MS-DOS time format:
+**
+**   File modification time:
+**     Bits 00-04: seconds divided by 2
+**     Bits 05-10: minute
+**     Bits 11-15: hour
+**   File modification date:
+**     Bits 00-04: day
+**     Bits 05-08: month (1-12)
+**     Bits 09-15: years from 1980 
+*/
+static time_t zipfileMtime(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  struct tm t;
+  memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+  t.tm_sec = (pCsr->cds.mTime & 0x1F)*2;
+  t.tm_min = (pCsr->cds.mTime >> 5) & 0x2F;
+  t.tm_hour = (pCsr->cds.mTime >> 11) & 0x1F;
+
+  t.tm_mday = (pCsr->cds.mDate & 0x1F);
+  t.tm_mon = ((pCsr->cds.mDate >> 5) & 0x0F) - 1;
+  t.tm_year = 80 + ((pCsr->cds.mDate >> 9) & 0x7F);
+
+  return mktime(&t);
+}
+
+static void zipfileMtimeToDos(ZipfileCDS *pCds, u32 mTime){
+  time_t t = (time_t)mTime;
+  struct tm res;
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+  localtime_r(&t, &res);
+#else
+  memcpy(&res, localtime(&t), sizeof(struct tm));
+#endif
+
+  pCds->mTime = (u16)(
+    (res.tm_sec / 2) + 
+    (res.tm_min << 5) +
+    (res.tm_hour << 11));
+
+  pCds->mDate = (u16)(
+    (res.tm_mday-1) +
+    ((res.tm_mon+1) << 5) +
+    ((res.tm_year-80) << 9));
+}
+
+static void zipfileInflate(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Store error here, if any */
+  const u8 *aIn,                  /* Compressed data */
+  int nIn,                        /* Size of buffer aIn[] in bytes */
+  int nOut                        /* Expected output size */
+){
+  u8 *aRes = sqlite3_malloc(nOut);
+  if( aRes==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+  }else{
+    int err;
+    z_stream str;
+    memset(&str, 0, sizeof(str));
+
+    str.next_in = (Byte*)aIn;
+    str.avail_in = nIn;
+    str.next_out = (Byte*)aRes;
+    str.avail_out = nOut;
+
+    err = inflateInit2(&str, -15);
+    if( err!=Z_OK ){
+      zipfileCtxErrorMsg(pCtx, "inflateInit2() failed (%d)", err);
+    }else{
+      err = inflate(&str, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+      if( err!=Z_STREAM_END ){
+        zipfileCtxErrorMsg(pCtx, "inflate() failed (%d)", err);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, aRes, nOut, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(aRes);
+    inflateEnd(&str);
+  }
+}
+
+static int zipfileDeflate(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,               /* Set error message here */
+  const u8 *aIn, int nIn,         /* Input */
+  u8 **ppOut, int *pnOut          /* Output */
+){
+  int nAlloc = (int)compressBound(nIn);
+  u8 *aOut;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  aOut = (u8*)sqlite3_malloc(nAlloc);
+  if( aOut==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    int res;
+    z_stream str;
+    memset(&str, 0, sizeof(str));
+    str.next_in = (Bytef*)aIn;
+    str.avail_in = nIn;
+    str.next_out = aOut;
+    str.avail_out = nAlloc;
+
+    deflateInit2(&str, 9, Z_DEFLATED, -15, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+    res = deflate(&str, Z_FINISH);
+
+    if( res==Z_STREAM_END ){
+      *ppOut = aOut;
+      *pnOut = (int)str.total_out;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(aOut);
+      pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("zipfile: deflate() error");
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+    deflateEnd(&str);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the series_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int zipfileColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0:   /* name */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->cds.zFile, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    case 1:   /* mode */
+      /* TODO: Whether or not the following is correct surely depends on
+      ** the platform on which the archive was created.  */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->cds.iExternalAttr >> 16);
+      break;
+    case 2: { /* mtime */
+      if( pCsr->flags & ZIPFILE_MTIME_VALID ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->mTime);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, zipfileMtime(pCsr));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 3: { /* sz */
+      if( sqlite3_vtab_nochange(ctx)==0 ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->cds.szUncompressed);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 4:   /* rawdata */
+      if( sqlite3_vtab_nochange(ctx) ) break;
+    case 5: { /* data */
+      if( i==4 || pCsr->cds.iCompression==0 || pCsr->cds.iCompression==8 ){
+        int sz = pCsr->cds.szCompressed;
+        int szFinal = pCsr->cds.szUncompressed;
+        if( szFinal>0 ){
+          u8 *aBuf = sqlite3_malloc(sz);
+          if( aBuf==0 ){
+            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          }else{
+            FILE *pFile = zipfileGetFd(pCsr);
+            rc = zipfileReadData(pFile, aBuf, sz, pCsr->iDataOff,
+                &pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg
+            );
+          }
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            if( i==5 && pCsr->cds.iCompression ){
+              zipfileInflate(ctx, aBuf, sz, szFinal);
+            }else{
+              sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, aBuf, sz, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+            }
+            sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+          }
+        }else{
+          /* Figure out if this is a directory or a zero-sized file. Consider
+          ** it to be a directory either if the mode suggests so, or if
+          ** the final character in the name is '/'.  */
+          u32 mode = pCsr->cds.iExternalAttr >> 16;
+          if( !(mode & S_IFDIR) && pCsr->cds.zFile[pCsr->cds.nFile-1]!='/' ){
+            sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 6:   /* method */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->cds.iCompression);
+      break;
+    case 7:   /* z */
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iId);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.
+*/
+static int zipfileRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  assert( 0 );
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int zipfileEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  return pCsr->bEof;
+}
+
+/*
+*/
+static int zipfileReadEOCD(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,               /* Return errors here */
+  FILE *pFile,                    /* Read from this file */
+  ZipfileEOCD *pEOCD              /* Object to populate */
+){
+  u8 *aRead = pTab->aBuffer;      /* Temporary buffer */
+  i64 szFile;                     /* Total size of file in bytes */
+  int nRead;                      /* Bytes to read from file */
+  i64 iOff;                       /* Offset to read from */
+  int rc;
+
+  fseek(pFile, 0, SEEK_END);
+  szFile = (i64)ftell(pFile);
+  if( szFile==0 ){
+    memset(pEOCD, 0, sizeof(ZipfileEOCD));
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  nRead = (int)(MIN(szFile, ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE));
+  iOff = szFile - nRead;
+
+  rc = zipfileReadData(pFile, aRead, nRead, iOff, &pTab->base.zErrMsg);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int i;
+
+    /* Scan backwards looking for the signature bytes */
+    for(i=nRead-20; i>=0; i--){
+      if( aRead[i]==0x50 && aRead[i+1]==0x4b 
+       && aRead[i+2]==0x05 && aRead[i+3]==0x06 
+      ){
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( i<0 ){
+      pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "cannot find end of central directory record"
+      );
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    aRead += i+4;
+    pEOCD->iDisk = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->iFirstDisk = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->nEntry = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->nEntryTotal = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->nSize = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pEOCD->iOffset = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+
+#if 0
+    printf("iDisk=%d  iFirstDisk=%d  nEntry=%d  "
+           "nEntryTotal=%d  nSize=%d  iOffset=%d", 
+           (int)pEOCD->iDisk, (int)pEOCD->iFirstDisk, (int)pEOCD->nEntry,
+           (int)pEOCD->nEntryTotal, (int)pEOCD->nSize, (int)pEOCD->iOffset
+    );
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** xFilter callback.
+*/
+static int zipfileFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)cur->pVtab;
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  const char *zFile;              /* Zip file to scan */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
+
+  zipfileResetCursor(pCsr);
+
+  if( pTab->zFile ){
+    zFile = pTab->zFile;
+  }else if( idxNum==0 ){
+    /* Error. This is an eponymous virtual table and the user has not 
+    ** supplied a file name. */
+    zipfileSetErrmsg(pCsr, "table function zipfile() requires an argument");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  }
+
+  if( pTab->pWriteFd==0 ){
+    pCsr->pFile = fopen(zFile, "rb");
+    if( pCsr->pFile==0 ){
+      zipfileSetErrmsg(pCsr, "cannot open file: %s", zFile);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      rc = zipfileReadEOCD(pTab, pCsr->pFile, &pCsr->eocd);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( pCsr->eocd.nEntry==0 ){
+          pCsr->bEof = 1;
+        }else{
+          pCsr->iNextOff = pCsr->eocd.iOffset;
+          rc = zipfileNext(cur);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }else{
+    ZipfileEntry e;
+    memset(&e, 0, sizeof(e));
+    e.pNext = pTab->pFirstEntry;
+    pCsr->pCurrent = &e;
+    rc = zipfileNext(cur);
+    assert( pCsr->pCurrent!=&e );
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** xBestIndex callback.
+*/
+static int zipfileBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;
+
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+    const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+    if( pCons->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( pCons->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( pCons->iColumn!=ZIPFILE_F_COLUMN_IDX ) continue;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if( i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1000.0;
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+  }else{
+    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)(((sqlite3_int64)1) << 50);
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add object pNew to the end of the linked list that begins at
+** ZipfileTab.pFirstEntry and ends with pLastEntry.
+*/
+static void zipfileAddEntry(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab, 
+  ZipfileEntry *pBefore, 
+  ZipfileEntry *pNew
+){
+  assert( (pTab->pFirstEntry==0)==(pTab->pLastEntry==0) );
+  assert( pNew->pNext==0 );
+  if( pBefore==0 ){
+    if( pTab->pFirstEntry==0 ){
+      pTab->pFirstEntry = pTab->pLastEntry = pNew;
+    }else{
+      assert( pTab->pLastEntry->pNext==0 );
+      pTab->pLastEntry->pNext = pNew;
+      pTab->pLastEntry = pNew;
+    }
+  }else{
+    ZipfileEntry **pp;
+    for(pp=&pTab->pFirstEntry; *pp!=pBefore; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
+    pNew->pNext = pBefore;
+    *pp = pNew;
+  }
+}
+
+static int zipfileLoadDirectory(ZipfileTab *pTab){
+  ZipfileEOCD eocd;
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = zipfileReadEOCD(pTab, pTab->pWriteFd, &eocd);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eocd.nEntry>0 ){
+    int i;
+    int iOff = 0;
+    u8 *aBuf = sqlite3_malloc(eocd.nSize);
+    if( aBuf==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      rc = zipfileReadData(
+          pTab->pWriteFd, aBuf, eocd.nSize, eocd.iOffset, &pTab->base.zErrMsg
+      );
+    }
+
+    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<eocd.nEntry; i++){
+      u16 nFile;
+      u16 nExtra;
+      u16 nComment;
+      ZipfileEntry *pNew;
+      u8 *aRec = &aBuf[iOff];
+
+      nFile = zipfileGetU16(&aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF]);
+      nExtra = zipfileGetU16(&aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF+2]);
+      nComment = zipfileGetU16(&aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF+4]);
+
+      pNew = sqlite3_malloc(
+          sizeof(ZipfileEntry) 
+        + nFile+1 
+        + ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ+nFile+nExtra+nComment
+      );
+      if( pNew==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(ZipfileEntry));
+        pNew->zPath = (char*)&pNew[1];
+        memcpy(pNew->zPath, &aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ], nFile);
+        pNew->zPath[nFile] = '\0';
+        pNew->aCdsEntry = (u8*)&pNew->zPath[nFile+1];
+        pNew->nCdsEntry = ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ+nFile+nExtra+nComment;
+        memcpy(pNew->aCdsEntry, aRec, pNew->nCdsEntry);
+        zipfileAddEntry(pTab, 0, pNew);
+      }
+
+      iOff += ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ+nFile+nExtra+nComment;
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static ZipfileEntry *zipfileNewEntry(
+  ZipfileCDS *pCds,               /* Values for fixed size part of CDS */
+  const char *zPath,              /* Path for new entry */
+  int nPath,                      /* strlen(zPath) */
+  u32 mTime                       /* Modification time (or 0) */
+){
+  u8 *aWrite;
+  ZipfileEntry *pNew;
+  pCds->nFile = (u16)nPath;
+  pCds->nExtra = mTime ? 9 : 0;
+  pNew = (ZipfileEntry*)sqlite3_malloc(
+    sizeof(ZipfileEntry) + 
+    nPath+1 + 
+    ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ + nPath + pCds->nExtra
+  );
+
+  if( pNew ){
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(ZipfileEntry));
+    pNew->zPath = (char*)&pNew[1];
+    pNew->aCdsEntry = (u8*)&pNew->zPath[nPath+1];
+    pNew->nCdsEntry = ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ + nPath + pCds->nExtra;
+    memcpy(pNew->zPath, zPath, nPath+1);
+
+    aWrite = pNew->aCdsEntry;
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iVersionMadeBy);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iVersionExtract);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->flags);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iCompression);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->mTime);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->mDate);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->crc32);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->szCompressed);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->szUncompressed);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->nFile);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->nExtra);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->nComment);      assert( pCds->nComment==0 );
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iDiskStart);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iInternalAttr);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->iExternalAttr);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->iOffset);
+    assert( aWrite==&pNew->aCdsEntry[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ] );
+    memcpy(aWrite, zPath, nPath);
+    if( pCds->nExtra ){
+      aWrite += nPath;
+      zipfileWrite16(aWrite, ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP);
+      zipfileWrite16(aWrite, 5);
+      *aWrite++ = 0x01;
+      zipfileWrite32(aWrite, mTime);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+static int zipfileAppendEntry(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,
+  ZipfileCDS *pCds,
+  const char *zPath,              /* Path for new entry */
+  int nPath,                      /* strlen(zPath) */
+  const u8 *pData,
+  int nData,
+  u32 mTime
+){
+  u8 *aBuf = pTab->aBuffer;
+  int rc;
+
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->iVersionExtract);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->flags);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->iCompression);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->mTime);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->mDate);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, pCds->crc32);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, pCds->szCompressed);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, pCds->szUncompressed);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, (u16)nPath);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->nExtra);
+  assert( aBuf==&pTab->aBuffer[ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ] );
+  rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, pTab->aBuffer, (int)(aBuf - pTab->aBuffer));
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, (const u8*)zPath, nPath);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCds->nExtra ){
+    aBuf = pTab->aBuffer;
+    zipfileWrite16(aBuf, ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP);
+    zipfileWrite16(aBuf, 5);
+    *aBuf++ = 0x01;
+    zipfileWrite32(aBuf, mTime);
+    rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, pTab->aBuffer, 9);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, pData, nData);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileGetMode(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab, 
+  sqlite3_value *pVal, 
+  u32 defaultMode,                /* Value to use if pVal IS NULL */
+  u32 *pMode
+){
+  const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
+  u32 mode = 0;
+  if( z==0 ){
+    mode = defaultMode;
+  }else if( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ){
+    mode = (unsigned int)sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
+  }else{
+    const char zTemplate[11] = "-rwxrwxrwx";
+    int i;
+    if( strlen(z)!=10 ) goto parse_error;
+    switch( z[0] ){
+      case '-': mode |= S_IFREG; break;
+      case 'd': mode |= S_IFDIR; break;
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+      case 'l': mode |= S_IFLNK; break;
+#endif
+      default: goto parse_error;
+    }
+    for(i=1; i<10; i++){
+      if( z[i]==zTemplate[i] ) mode |= 1 << (9-i);
+      else if( z[i]!='-' ) goto parse_error;
+    }
+  }
+  *pMode = mode;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+
+ parse_error:
+  pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("zipfile: parse error in mode: %s", z);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Both (const char*) arguments point to nul-terminated strings. Argument
+** nB is the value of strlen(zB). This function returns 0 if the strings are
+** identical, ignoring any trailing '/' character in either path.  */
+static int zipfileComparePath(const char *zA, const char *zB, int nB){
+  int nA = (int)strlen(zA);
+  if( zA[nA-1]=='/' ) nA--;
+  if( zB[nB-1]=='/' ) nB--;
+  if( nA==nB && memcmp(zA, zB, nA)==0 ) return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** xUpdate method.
+*/
+static int zipfileUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
+  int nVal, 
+  sqlite3_value **apVal, 
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
+  ZipfileEntry *pNew = 0;         /* New in-memory CDS entry */
+
+  u32 mode = 0;                   /* Mode for new entry */
+  i64 mTime = 0;                  /* Modification time for new entry */
+  i64 sz = 0;                     /* Uncompressed size */
+  const char *zPath = 0;          /* Path for new entry */
+  int nPath = 0;                  /* strlen(zPath) */
+  const u8 *pData = 0;            /* Pointer to buffer containing content */
+  int nData = 0;                  /* Size of pData buffer in bytes */
+  int iMethod = 0;                /* Compression method for new entry */
+  u8 *pFree = 0;                  /* Free this */
+  char *zFree = 0;                /* Also free this */
+  ZipfileCDS cds;                 /* New Central Directory Structure entry */
+  ZipfileEntry *pOld = 0;
+  int bIsDir = 0;
+  u32 iCrc32 = 0;
+
+  assert( pTab->zFile );
+  assert( pTab->pWriteFd );
+
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
+    const char *zDelete = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+    int nDelete = (int)strlen(zDelete);
+    for(pOld=pTab->pFirstEntry; 1; pOld=pOld->pNext){
+      if( pOld->bDeleted ) continue;
+      if( zipfileComparePath(pOld->zPath, zDelete, nDelete)==0 ){
+        pOld->bDeleted = 1;
+        break;
+      }
+      assert( pOld->pNext );
+    }
+    if( nVal==1 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that "sz" and "rawdata" are both NULL: */
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[5])!=SQLITE_NULL
+   || sqlite3_value_type(apVal[6])!=SQLITE_NULL
+  ){
+    rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[7])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+      /* data=NULL. A directory */
+      bIsDir = 1;
+    }else{
+      /* Value specified for "data", and possibly "method". This must be
+      ** a regular file or a symlink. */
+      const u8 *aIn = sqlite3_value_blob(apVal[7]);
+      int nIn = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[7]);
+      int bAuto = sqlite3_value_type(apVal[8])==SQLITE_NULL;
+
+      iMethod = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[8]);
+      sz = nIn;
+      pData = aIn;
+      nData = nIn;
+      if( iMethod!=0 && iMethod!=8 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+      }else{
+        if( bAuto || iMethod ){
+          int nCmp;
+          rc = zipfileDeflate(pTab, aIn, nIn, &pFree, &nCmp);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            if( iMethod || nCmp<nIn ){
+              iMethod = 8;
+              pData = pFree;
+              nData = nCmp;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        iCrc32 = crc32(0, aIn, nIn);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileGetMode(pTab, apVal[3], 
+        (bIsDir ? (S_IFDIR + 0755) : (S_IFREG + 0644)), &mode
+    );
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (bIsDir == ((mode & S_IFDIR)==0)) ){
+      /* The "mode" attribute is a directory, but data has been specified.
+      ** Or vice-versa - no data but "mode" is a file or symlink.  */
+      rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
+    nPath = (int)strlen(zPath);
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[4])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+      mTime = (sqlite3_int64)time(0);
+    }else{
+      mTime = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[4]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bIsDir ){
+    /* For a directory, check that the last character in the path is a
+    ** '/'. This appears to be required for compatibility with info-zip
+    ** (the unzip command on unix). It does not create directories
+    ** otherwise.  */
+    if( zPath[nPath-1]!='/' ){
+      zFree = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/", zPath);
+      if( zFree==0 ){ rc = SQLITE_NOMEM; }
+      zPath = (const char*)zFree;
+      nPath++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Check that we're not inserting a duplicate entry */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    ZipfileEntry *p;
+    for(p=pTab->pFirstEntry; p; p=p->pNext){
+      if( p->bDeleted ) continue;
+      if( zipfileComparePath(p->zPath, zPath, nPath)==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    /* Create the new CDS record. */
+    memset(&cds, 0, sizeof(cds));
+    cds.iVersionMadeBy = ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_MADEBY;
+    cds.iVersionExtract = ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_REQUIRED;
+    cds.flags = ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_FLAGS;
+    cds.iCompression = (u16)iMethod;
+    zipfileMtimeToDos(&cds, (u32)mTime);
+    cds.crc32 = iCrc32;
+    cds.szCompressed = nData;
+    cds.szUncompressed = (u32)sz;
+    cds.iExternalAttr = (mode<<16);
+    cds.iOffset = (u32)pTab->szCurrent;
+    pNew = zipfileNewEntry(&cds, zPath, nPath, (u32)mTime);
+    if( pNew==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      zipfileAddEntry(pTab, pOld, pNew);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Append the new header+file to the archive */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileAppendEntry(pTab, &cds, zPath, nPath, pData, nData, (u32)mTime);
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pOld ){
+    pOld->bDeleted = 0;
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pFree);
+  sqlite3_free(zFree);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileAppendEOCD(ZipfileTab *pTab, ZipfileEOCD *p){
+  u8 *aBuf = pTab->aBuffer;
+
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_EOCD);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->iDisk);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->iFirstDisk);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->nEntry);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->nEntryTotal);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, p->nSize);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, p->iOffset);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, 0);        /* Size of trailing comment in bytes*/
+
+  assert( (aBuf-pTab->aBuffer)==22 );
+  return zipfileAppendData(pTab, pTab->aBuffer, (int)(aBuf - pTab->aBuffer));
+}
+
+static void zipfileCleanupTransaction(ZipfileTab *pTab){
+  ZipfileEntry *pEntry;
+  ZipfileEntry *pNext;
+
+  for(pEntry=pTab->pFirstEntry; pEntry; pEntry=pNext){
+    pNext = pEntry->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(pEntry);
+  }
+  pTab->pFirstEntry = 0;
+  pTab->pLastEntry = 0;
+  fclose(pTab->pWriteFd);
+  pTab->pWriteFd = 0;
+  pTab->szCurrent = 0;
+  pTab->szOrig = 0;
+}
+
+static int zipfileBegin(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( pTab->pWriteFd==0 );
+
+  /* This table is only writable if a default archive path was specified 
+  ** as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement. */
+  if( pTab->zFile==0 ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "zipfile: writing requires a default archive"
+    );
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  /* Open a write fd on the file. Also load the entire central directory
+  ** structure into memory. During the transaction any new file data is 
+  ** appended to the archive file, but the central directory is accumulated
+  ** in main-memory until the transaction is committed.  */
+  pTab->pWriteFd = fopen(pTab->zFile, "ab+");
+  if( pTab->pWriteFd==0 ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "zipfile: failed to open file %s for writing", pTab->zFile
+    );
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    fseek(pTab->pWriteFd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    pTab->szCurrent = pTab->szOrig = (i64)ftell(pTab->pWriteFd);
+    rc = zipfileLoadDirectory(pTab);
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    zipfileCleanupTransaction(pTab);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileCommit(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pTab->pWriteFd ){
+    i64 iOffset = pTab->szCurrent;
+    ZipfileEntry *p;
+    ZipfileEOCD eocd;
+    int nEntry = 0;
+
+    /* Write out all undeleted entries */
+    for(p=pTab->pFirstEntry; rc==SQLITE_OK && p; p=p->pNext){
+      if( p->bDeleted ) continue;
+      rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, p->aCdsEntry, p->nCdsEntry);
+      nEntry++;
+    }
+
+    /* Write out the EOCD record */
+    eocd.iDisk = 0;
+    eocd.iFirstDisk = 0;
+    eocd.nEntry = (u16)nEntry;
+    eocd.nEntryTotal = (u16)nEntry;
+    eocd.nSize = (u32)(pTab->szCurrent - iOffset);
+    eocd.iOffset = (u32)iOffset;
+    rc = zipfileAppendEOCD(pTab, &eocd);
+
+    zipfileCleanupTransaction(pTab);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileRollback(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  return zipfileCommit(pVtab);
+}
+
+static ZipfileCsr *zipfileFindCursor(ZipfileTab *pTab, i64 iId){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr;
+  for(pCsr=pTab->pCsrList; pCsr; pCsr=pCsr->pCsrNext){
+    if( iId==pCsr->iId ) break;
+  }
+  return pCsr;
+}
+
+static void zipfileFunctionCds(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr;
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)sqlite3_user_data(context);
+  assert( argc>0 );
+
+  pCsr = zipfileFindCursor(pTab, sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]));
+  if( pCsr ){
+    ZipfileCDS *p = &pCsr->cds;
+    char *zRes = sqlite3_mprintf("{"
+        "\"version-made-by\" : %u, "
+        "\"version-to-extract\" : %u, "
+        "\"flags\" : %u, "
+        "\"compression\" : %u, "
+        "\"time\" : %u, "
+        "\"date\" : %u, "
+        "\"crc32\" : %u, "
+        "\"compressed-size\" : %u, "
+        "\"uncompressed-size\" : %u, "
+        "\"file-name-length\" : %u, "
+        "\"extra-field-length\" : %u, "
+        "\"file-comment-length\" : %u, "
+        "\"disk-number-start\" : %u, "
+        "\"internal-attr\" : %u, "
+        "\"external-attr\" : %u, "
+        "\"offset\" : %u }",
+        (u32)p->iVersionMadeBy, (u32)p->iVersionExtract,
+        (u32)p->flags, (u32)p->iCompression,
+        (u32)p->mTime, (u32)p->mDate,
+        (u32)p->crc32, (u32)p->szCompressed,
+        (u32)p->szUncompressed, (u32)p->nFile,
+        (u32)p->nExtra, (u32)p->nComment,
+        (u32)p->iDiskStart, (u32)p->iInternalAttr,
+        (u32)p->iExternalAttr, (u32)p->iOffset
+    );
+
+    if( zRes==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_text(context, zRes, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      sqlite3_free(zRes);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** xFindFunction method.
+*/
+static int zipfileFindFunction(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
+  int nArg,                       /* Number of SQL function arguments */
+  const char *zName,              /* Name of SQL function */
+  void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**), /* OUT: Result */
+  void **ppArg                    /* OUT: User data for *pxFunc */
+){
+  if( nArg>0 ){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp("zipfile_cds", zName)==0 ){
+      *pxFunc = zipfileFunctionCds;
+      *ppArg = (void*)pVtab;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Register the "zipfile" virtual table.
+*/
+static int zipfileRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+  static sqlite3_module zipfileModule = {
+    1,                         /* iVersion */
+    zipfileConnect,            /* xCreate */
+    zipfileConnect,            /* xConnect */
+    zipfileBestIndex,          /* xBestIndex */
+    zipfileDisconnect,         /* xDisconnect */
+    zipfileDisconnect,         /* xDestroy */
+    zipfileOpen,               /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    zipfileClose,              /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    zipfileFilter,             /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    zipfileNext,               /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    zipfileEof,                /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+    zipfileColumn,             /* xColumn - read data */
+    zipfileRowid,              /* xRowid - read data */
+    zipfileUpdate,             /* xUpdate */
+    zipfileBegin,              /* xBegin */
+    0,                         /* xSync */
+    zipfileCommit,             /* xCommit */
+    zipfileRollback,           /* xRollback */
+    zipfileFindFunction,       /* xFindMethod */
+    0,                         /* xRename */
+  };
+
+  int rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "zipfile"  , &zipfileModule, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "zipfile_cds", -1);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+#else         /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+# define zipfileRegister(x) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_zipfile_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  return zipfileRegister(db);
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/zipfile.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/sqlar.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-12-17
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** Utility functions sqlar_compress() and sqlar_uncompress(). Useful
+** for working with sqlar archives and used by the shell tool's built-in
+** sqlar support.
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "sqlar_compress(X)" SQL function.
+**
+** If the type of X is SQLITE_BLOB, and compressing that blob using
+** zlib utility function compress() yields a smaller blob, return the
+** compressed blob. Otherwise, return a copy of X.
+**
+** SQLar uses the "zlib format" for compressed content.  The zlib format
+** contains a two-byte identification header and a four-byte checksum at
+** the end.  This is different from ZIP which uses the raw deflate format.
+**
+** Future enhancements to SQLar might add support for new compression formats.
+** If so, those new formats will be identified by alternative headers in the
+** compressed data.
+*/
+static void sqlarCompressFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  assert( argc==1 );
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+    const Bytef *pData = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+    uLong nData = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    uLongf nOut = compressBound(nData);
+    Bytef *pOut;
+
+    pOut = (Bytef*)sqlite3_malloc(nOut);
+    if( pOut==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+      return;
+    }else{
+      if( Z_OK!=compress(pOut, &nOut, pData, nData) ){
+        sqlite3_result_error(context, "error in compress()", -1);
+      }else if( nOut<nData ){
+        sqlite3_result_blob(context, pOut, nOut, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(pOut);
+    }
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "sqlar_uncompress(X,SZ)" SQL function
+**
+** Parameter SZ is interpreted as an integer. If it is less than or
+** equal to zero, then this function returns a copy of X. Or, if
+** SZ is equal to the size of X when interpreted as a blob, also
+** return a copy of X. Otherwise, decompress blob X using zlib
+** utility function uncompress() and return the results (another
+** blob).
+*/
+static void sqlarUncompressFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  uLong nData;
+  uLongf sz;
+
+  assert( argc==2 );
+  sz = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
+
+  if( sz<=0 || sz==(nData = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])) ){
+    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+  }else{
+    const Bytef *pData= sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+    Bytef *pOut = sqlite3_malloc(sz);
+    if( Z_OK!=uncompress(pOut, &sz, pData, nData) ){
+      sqlite3_result_error(context, "error in uncompress()", -1);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_blob(context, pOut, sz, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(pOut);
+  }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_sqlar_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sqlar_compress", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                               sqlarCompressFunc, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sqlar_uncompress", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sqlarUncompressFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/sqlar.c ********************/
+#endif
+/************************* Begin ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h ******************/
+/*
+** 2017 April 07
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+*/
+
+
+
+typedef struct sqlite3expert sqlite3expert;
+
+/*
+** Create a new sqlite3expert object.
+**
+** If successful, a pointer to the new object is returned and (*pzErr) set
+** to NULL. Or, if an error occurs, NULL is returned and (*pzErr) set to
+** an English-language error message. In this case it is the responsibility
+** of the caller to eventually free the error message buffer using
+** sqlite3_free().
+*/
+sqlite3expert *sqlite3_expert_new(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErr);
+
+/*
+** Configure an sqlite3expert object.
+**
+** EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE:
+**   By default, sqlite3_expert_analyze() generates sqlite_stat1 data for
+**   each candidate index. This involves scanning and sorting the entire
+**   contents of each user database table once for each candidate index
+**   associated with the table. For large databases, this can be 
+**   prohibitively slow. This option allows the sqlite3expert object to
+**   be configured so that sqlite_stat1 data is instead generated based on a
+**   subset of each table, or so that no sqlite_stat1 data is used at all.
+**
+**   A single integer argument is passed to this option. If the value is less
+**   than or equal to zero, then no sqlite_stat1 data is generated or used by
+**   the analysis - indexes are recommended based on the database schema only.
+**   Or, if the value is 100 or greater, complete sqlite_stat1 data is
+**   generated for each candidate index (this is the default). Finally, if the
+**   value falls between 0 and 100, then it represents the percentage of user
+**   table rows that should be considered when generating sqlite_stat1 data.
+**
+**   Examples:
+**
+**     // Do not generate any sqlite_stat1 data
+**     sqlite3_expert_config(pExpert, EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE, 0);
+**
+**     // Generate sqlite_stat1 data based on 10% of the rows in each table.
+**     sqlite3_expert_config(pExpert, EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE, 10);
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_config(sqlite3expert *p, int op, ...);
+
+#define EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE 1    /* int */
+
+/*
+** Specify zero or more SQL statements to be included in the analysis.
+**
+** Buffer zSql must contain zero or more complete SQL statements. This
+** function parses all statements contained in the buffer and adds them
+** to the internal list of statements to analyze. If successful, SQLITE_OK
+** is returned and (*pzErr) set to NULL. Or, if an error occurs - for example
+** due to a error in the SQL - an SQLite error code is returned and (*pzErr)
+** may be set to point to an English language error message. In this case
+** the caller is responsible for eventually freeing the error message buffer
+** using sqlite3_free().
+**
+** If an error does occur while processing one of the statements in the
+** buffer passed as the second argument, none of the statements in the
+** buffer are added to the analysis.
+**
+** This function must be called before sqlite3_expert_analyze(). If a call
+** to this function is made on an sqlite3expert object that has already
+** been passed to sqlite3_expert_analyze() SQLITE_MISUSE is returned
+** immediately and no statements are added to the analysis.
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_sql(
+  sqlite3expert *p,               /* From a successful sqlite3_expert_new() */
+  const char *zSql,               /* SQL statement(s) to add */
+  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: Error message (if any) */
+);
+
+
+/*
+** This function is called after the sqlite3expert object has been configured
+** with all SQL statements using sqlite3_expert_sql() to actually perform
+** the analysis. Once this function has been called, it is not possible to
+** add further SQL statements to the analysis.
+**
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and (*pzErr) is set to NULL. Or, if
+** an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and (*pzErr) set to 
+** point to a buffer containing an English language error message. In this
+** case it is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer
+** using sqlite3_free().
+**
+** If an error does occur within this function, the sqlite3expert object
+** is no longer useful for any purpose. At that point it is no longer
+** possible to add further SQL statements to the object or to re-attempt
+** the analysis. The sqlite3expert object must still be freed using a call
+** sqlite3_expert_destroy().
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_analyze(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr);
+
+/*
+** Return the total number of statements loaded using sqlite3_expert_sql().
+** The total number of SQL statements may be different from the total number
+** to calls to sqlite3_expert_sql().
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_count(sqlite3expert*);
+
+/*
+** Return a component of the report.
+**
+** This function is called after sqlite3_expert_analyze() to extract the
+** results of the analysis. Each call to this function returns either a
+** NULL pointer or a pointer to a buffer containing a nul-terminated string.
+** The value passed as the third argument must be one of the EXPERT_REPORT_*
+** #define constants defined below.
+**
+** For some EXPERT_REPORT_* parameters, the buffer returned contains 
+** information relating to a specific SQL statement. In these cases that
+** SQL statement is identified by the value passed as the second argument.
+** SQL statements are numbered from 0 in the order in which they are parsed.
+** If an out-of-range value (less than zero or equal to or greater than the
+** value returned by sqlite3_expert_count()) is passed as the second argument
+** along with such an EXPERT_REPORT_* parameter, NULL is always returned.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_SQL:
+**   Return the text of SQL statement iStmt.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES:
+**   Return a buffer containing the CREATE INDEX statements for all recommended
+**   indexes for statement iStmt. If there are no new recommeded indexes, NULL 
+**   is returned.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN:
+**   Return a buffer containing the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output for SQL query
+**   iStmt after the proposed indexes have been added to the database schema.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES:
+**   Return a pointer to a buffer containing the CREATE INDEX statements 
+**   for all indexes that were tested (for all SQL statements). The iStmt
+**   parameter is ignored for EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES calls.
+*/
+const char *sqlite3_expert_report(sqlite3expert*, int iStmt, int eReport);
+
+/*
+** Values for the third argument passed to sqlite3_expert_report().
+*/
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_SQL        1
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES    2
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN       3
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES 4
+
+/*
+** Free an (sqlite3expert*) handle and all associated resources. There 
+** should be one call to this function for each successful call to 
+** sqlite3-expert_new().
+*/
+void sqlite3_expert_destroy(sqlite3expert*);
+
+
+
+/************************* End ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017 April 09
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+*/
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE 
+
+/* typedef sqlite3_int64 i64; */
+/* typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64; */
+
+typedef struct IdxColumn IdxColumn;
+typedef struct IdxConstraint IdxConstraint;
+typedef struct IdxScan IdxScan;
+typedef struct IdxStatement IdxStatement;
+typedef struct IdxTable IdxTable;
+typedef struct IdxWrite IdxWrite;
+
+#define STRLEN  (int)strlen
+
+/*
+** A temp table name that we assume no user database will actually use.
+** If this assumption proves incorrect triggers on the table with the
+** conflicting name will be ignored.
+*/
+#define UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME "t592690916721053953805701627921227776"
+
+/*
+** A single constraint. Equivalent to either "col = ?" or "col < ?" (or
+** any other type of single-ended range constraint on a column).
+**
+** pLink:
+**   Used to temporarily link IdxConstraint objects into lists while
+**   creating candidate indexes.
+*/
+struct IdxConstraint {
+  char *zColl;                    /* Collation sequence */
+  int bRange;                     /* True for range, false for eq */
+  int iCol;                       /* Constrained table column */
+  int bFlag;                      /* Used by idxFindCompatible() */
+  int bDesc;                      /* True if ORDER BY <expr> DESC */
+  IdxConstraint *pNext;           /* Next constraint in pEq or pRange list */
+  IdxConstraint *pLink;           /* See above */
+};
+
+/*
+** A single scan of a single table.
+*/
+struct IdxScan {
+  IdxTable *pTab;                 /* Associated table object */
+  int iDb;                        /* Database containing table zTable */
+  i64 covering;                   /* Mask of columns required for cov. index */
+  IdxConstraint *pOrder;          /* ORDER BY columns */
+  IdxConstraint *pEq;             /* List of == constraints */
+  IdxConstraint *pRange;          /* List of < constraints */
+  IdxScan *pNextScan;             /* Next IdxScan object for same analysis */
+};
+
+/*
+** Information regarding a single database table. Extracted from 
+** "PRAGMA table_info" by function idxGetTableInfo().
+*/
+struct IdxColumn {
+  char *zName;
+  char *zColl;
+  int iPk;
+};
+struct IdxTable {
+  int nCol;
+  char *zName;                    /* Table name */
+  IdxColumn *aCol;
+  IdxTable *pNext;                /* Next table in linked list of all tables */
+};
+
+/*
+** An object of the following type is created for each unique table/write-op
+** seen. The objects are stored in a singly-linked list beginning at
+** sqlite3expert.pWrite.
+*/
+struct IdxWrite {
+  IdxTable *pTab;
+  int eOp;                        /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
+  IdxWrite *pNext;
+};
+
+/*
+** Each statement being analyzed is represented by an instance of this
+** structure.
+*/
+struct IdxStatement {
+  int iId;                        /* Statement number */
+  char *zSql;                     /* SQL statement */
+  char *zIdx;                     /* Indexes */
+  char *zEQP;                     /* Plan */
+  IdxStatement *pNext;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** A hash table for storing strings. With space for a payload string
+** with each entry. Methods are:
+**
+**   idxHashInit()
+**   idxHashClear()
+**   idxHashAdd()
+**   idxHashSearch()
+*/
+#define IDX_HASH_SIZE 1023
+typedef struct IdxHashEntry IdxHashEntry;
+typedef struct IdxHash IdxHash;
+struct IdxHashEntry {
+  char *zKey;                     /* nul-terminated key */
+  char *zVal;                     /* nul-terminated value string */
+  char *zVal2;                    /* nul-terminated value string 2 */
+  IdxHashEntry *pHashNext;        /* Next entry in same hash bucket */
+  IdxHashEntry *pNext;            /* Next entry in hash */
+};
+struct IdxHash {
+  IdxHashEntry *pFirst;
+  IdxHashEntry *aHash[IDX_HASH_SIZE];
+};
+
+/*
+** sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+struct sqlite3expert {
+  int iSample;                    /* Percentage of tables to sample for stat1 */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* User database */
+  sqlite3 *dbm;                   /* In-memory db for this analysis */
+  sqlite3 *dbv;                   /* Vtab schema for this analysis */
+  IdxTable *pTable;               /* List of all IdxTable objects */
+  IdxScan *pScan;                 /* List of scan objects */
+  IdxWrite *pWrite;               /* List of write objects */
+  IdxStatement *pStatement;       /* List of IdxStatement objects */
+  int bRun;                       /* True once analysis has run */
+  char **pzErrmsg;
+  int rc;                         /* Error code from whereinfo hook */
+  IdxHash hIdx;                   /* Hash containing all candidate indexes */
+  char *zCandidates;              /* For EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Allocate and return nByte bytes of zeroed memory using sqlite3_malloc(). 
+** If the allocation fails, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM and return NULL.
+*/
+static void *idxMalloc(int *pRc, int nByte){
+  void *pRet;
+  assert( *pRc==SQLITE_OK );
+  assert( nByte>0 );
+  pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  if( pRet ){
+    memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
+  }else{
+    *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize an IdxHash hash table.
+*/
+static void idxHashInit(IdxHash *pHash){
+  memset(pHash, 0, sizeof(IdxHash));
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset an IdxHash hash table.
+*/
+static void idxHashClear(IdxHash *pHash){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<IDX_HASH_SIZE; i++){
+    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+    IdxHashEntry *pNext;
+    for(pEntry=pHash->aHash[i]; pEntry; pEntry=pNext){
+      pNext = pEntry->pHashNext;
+      sqlite3_free(pEntry->zVal2);
+      sqlite3_free(pEntry);
+    }
+  }
+  memset(pHash, 0, sizeof(IdxHash));
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the index of the hash bucket that the string specified by the
+** arguments to this function belongs.
+*/
+static int idxHashString(const char *z, int n){
+  unsigned int ret = 0;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    ret += (ret<<3) + (unsigned char)(z[i]);
+  }
+  return (int)(ret % IDX_HASH_SIZE);
+}
+
+/*
+** If zKey is already present in the hash table, return non-zero and do
+** nothing. Otherwise, add an entry with key zKey and payload string zVal to
+** the hash table passed as the second argument. 
+*/
+static int idxHashAdd(
+  int *pRc, 
+  IdxHash *pHash, 
+  const char *zKey,
+  const char *zVal
+){
+  int nKey = STRLEN(zKey);
+  int iHash = idxHashString(zKey, nKey);
+  int nVal = (zVal ? STRLEN(zVal) : 0);
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+  assert( iHash>=0 );
+  for(pEntry=pHash->aHash[iHash]; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pHashNext){
+    if( STRLEN(pEntry->zKey)==nKey && 0==memcmp(pEntry->zKey, zKey, nKey) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  pEntry = idxMalloc(pRc, sizeof(IdxHashEntry) + nKey+1 + nVal+1);
+  if( pEntry ){
+    pEntry->zKey = (char*)&pEntry[1];
+    memcpy(pEntry->zKey, zKey, nKey);
+    if( zVal ){
+      pEntry->zVal = &pEntry->zKey[nKey+1];
+      memcpy(pEntry->zVal, zVal, nVal);
+    }
+    pEntry->pHashNext = pHash->aHash[iHash];
+    pHash->aHash[iHash] = pEntry;
+
+    pEntry->pNext = pHash->pFirst;
+    pHash->pFirst = pEntry;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** If zKey/nKey is present in the hash table, return a pointer to the 
+** hash-entry object.
+*/
+static IdxHashEntry *idxHashFind(IdxHash *pHash, const char *zKey, int nKey){
+  int iHash;
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+  if( nKey<0 ) nKey = STRLEN(zKey);
+  iHash = idxHashString(zKey, nKey);
+  assert( iHash>=0 );
+  for(pEntry=pHash->aHash[iHash]; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pHashNext){
+    if( STRLEN(pEntry->zKey)==nKey && 0==memcmp(pEntry->zKey, zKey, nKey) ){
+      return pEntry;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** If the hash table contains an entry with a key equal to the string
+** passed as the final two arguments to this function, return a pointer
+** to the payload string. Otherwise, if zKey/nKey is not present in the
+** hash table, return NULL.
+*/
+static const char *idxHashSearch(IdxHash *pHash, const char *zKey, int nKey){
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry = idxHashFind(pHash, zKey, nKey);
+  if( pEntry ) return pEntry->zVal;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate and return a new IdxConstraint object. Set the IdxConstraint.zColl
+** variable to point to a copy of nul-terminated string zColl.
+*/
+static IdxConstraint *idxNewConstraint(int *pRc, const char *zColl){
+  IdxConstraint *pNew;
+  int nColl = STRLEN(zColl);
+
+  assert( *pRc==SQLITE_OK );
+  pNew = (IdxConstraint*)idxMalloc(pRc, sizeof(IdxConstraint) * nColl + 1);
+  if( pNew ){
+    pNew->zColl = (char*)&pNew[1];
+    memcpy(pNew->zColl, zColl, nColl+1);
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+/*
+** An error associated with database handle db has just occurred. Pass
+** the error message to callback function xOut.
+*/
+static void idxDatabaseError(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
+  char **pzErrmsg                 /* Write error here */
+){
+  *pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare an SQL statement.
+*/
+static int idxPrepareStmt(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
+  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
+  const char *zSql                /* SQL statement to compile */
+){
+  int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    *ppStmt = 0;
+    idxDatabaseError(db, pzErrmsg);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare an SQL statement using the results of a printf() formatting.
+*/
+static int idxPrintfPrepareStmt(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
+  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
+  const char *zFmt,               /* printf() format of SQL statement */
+  ...                             /* Trailing printf() arguments */
+){
+  va_list ap;
+  int rc;
+  char *zSql;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  if( zSql==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(db, ppStmt, pzErrmsg, zSql);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*************************************************************************
+** Beginning of virtual table implementation.
+*/
+typedef struct ExpertVtab ExpertVtab;
+struct ExpertVtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;
+  IdxTable *pTab;
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
+};
+
+typedef struct ExpertCsr ExpertCsr;
+struct ExpertCsr {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pData;
+};
+
+static char *expertDequote(const char *zIn){
+  int n = STRLEN(zIn);
+  char *zRet = sqlite3_malloc(n);
+
+  assert( zIn[0]=='\'' );
+  assert( zIn[n-1]=='\'' );
+
+  if( zRet ){
+    int iOut = 0;
+    int iIn = 0;
+    for(iIn=1; iIn<(n-1); iIn++){
+      if( zIn[iIn]=='\'' ){
+        assert( zIn[iIn+1]=='\'' );
+        iIn++;
+      }
+      zRet[iOut++] = zIn[iIn];
+    }
+    zRet[iOut] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/* 
+** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
+** methods of the r-tree virtual table.
+**
+**   argv[0]   -> module name
+**   argv[1]   -> database name
+**   argv[2]   -> table name
+**   argv[...] -> column names...
+*/
+static int expertConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert = (sqlite3expert*)pAux;
+  ExpertVtab *p = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  if( argc!=4 ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("internal error!");
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    char *zCreateTable = expertDequote(argv[3]);
+    if( zCreateTable ){
+      rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, zCreateTable);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        p = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(ExpertVtab));
+      }
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        p->pExpert = pExpert;
+        p->pTab = pExpert->pTable;
+        assert( sqlite3_stricmp(p->pTab->zName, argv[2])==0 );
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(zCreateTable);
+    }else{
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)p;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int expertDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  ExpertVtab *p = (ExpertVtab*)pVtab;
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int expertBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
+  ExpertVtab *p = (ExpertVtab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int n = 0;
+  IdxScan *pScan;
+  const int opmask = 
+    SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT |
+    SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE |
+    SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE;
+
+  pScan = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(IdxScan));
+  if( pScan ){
+    int i;
+
+    /* Link the new scan object into the list */
+    pScan->pTab = p->pTab;
+    pScan->pNextScan = p->pExpert->pScan;
+    p->pExpert->pScan = pScan;
+
+    /* Add the constraints to the IdxScan object */
+    for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+      struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+      if( pCons->usable 
+       && pCons->iColumn>=0 
+       && p->pTab->aCol[pCons->iColumn].iPk==0
+       && (pCons->op & opmask) 
+      ){
+        IdxConstraint *pNew;
+        const char *zColl = sqlite3_vtab_collation(pIdxInfo, i);
+        pNew = idxNewConstraint(&rc, zColl);
+        if( pNew ){
+          pNew->iCol = pCons->iColumn;
+          if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
+            pNew->pNext = pScan->pEq;
+            pScan->pEq = pNew;
+          }else{
+            pNew->bRange = 1;
+            pNew->pNext = pScan->pRange;
+            pScan->pRange = pNew;
+          }
+        }
+        n++;
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = n;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Add the ORDER BY to the IdxScan object */
+    for(i=pIdxInfo->nOrderBy-1; i>=0; i--){
+      int iCol = pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[i].iColumn;
+      if( iCol>=0 ){
+        IdxConstraint *pNew = idxNewConstraint(&rc, p->pTab->aCol[iCol].zColl);
+        if( pNew ){
+          pNew->iCol = iCol;
+          pNew->bDesc = pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[i].desc;
+          pNew->pNext = pScan->pOrder;
+          pNew->pLink = pScan->pOrder;
+          pScan->pOrder = pNew;
+          n++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1000000.0 / (n+1);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int expertUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
+  int nData, 
+  sqlite3_value **azData, 
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  (void)pVtab;
+  (void)nData;
+  (void)azData;
+  (void)pRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xOpen method.
+*/
+static int expertOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr;
+  (void)pVTab;
+  pCsr = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(ExpertCsr));
+  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor*)pCsr;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xClose method.
+*/
+static int expertClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Virtual table module xEof method.
+**
+** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid 
+** record (i.e if the scan has finished), or zero otherwise.
+*/
+static int expertEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  return pCsr->pData==0;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xNext method.
+*/
+static int expertNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( pCsr->pData );
+  rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pData);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
+    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
+    pCsr->pData = 0;
+  }else{
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xRowid method.
+*/
+static int expertRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  (void)cur;
+  *pRowid = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xColumn method.
+*/
+static int expertColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal;
+  pVal = sqlite3_column_value(pCsr->pData, i);
+  if( pVal ){
+    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, pVal);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xFilter method.
+*/
+static int expertFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  ExpertVtab *pVtab = (ExpertVtab*)(cur->pVtab);
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert = pVtab->pExpert;
+  int rc;
+
+  (void)idxNum;
+  (void)idxStr;
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
+  pCsr->pData = 0;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(pExpert->db, &pCsr->pData, &pVtab->base.zErrMsg,
+        "SELECT * FROM main.%Q WHERE sample()", pVtab->pTab->zName
+    );
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = expertNext(cur);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxRegisterVtab(sqlite3expert *p){
+  static sqlite3_module expertModule = {
+    2,                            /* iVersion */
+    expertConnect,                /* xCreate - create a table */
+    expertConnect,                /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
+    expertBestIndex,              /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
+    expertDisconnect,             /* xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table */
+    expertDisconnect,             /* xDestroy - Drop a table */
+    expertOpen,                   /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    expertClose,                  /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    expertFilter,                 /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    expertNext,                   /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    expertEof,                    /* xEof */
+    expertColumn,                 /* xColumn - read data */
+    expertRowid,                  /* xRowid - read data */
+    expertUpdate,                 /* xUpdate - write data */
+    0,                            /* xBegin - begin transaction */
+    0,                            /* xSync - sync transaction */
+    0,                            /* xCommit - commit transaction */
+    0,                            /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
+    0,                            /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
+    0,                            /* xRename - rename the table */
+    0,                            /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                            /* xRelease */
+    0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
+  };
+
+  return sqlite3_create_module(p->dbv, "expert", &expertModule, (void*)p);
+}
+/*
+** End of virtual table implementation.
+*************************************************************************/
+/*
+** Finalize SQL statement pStmt. If (*pRc) is SQLITE_OK when this function
+** is called, set it to the return value of sqlite3_finalize() before
+** returning. Otherwise, discard the sqlite3_finalize() return value.
+*/
+static void idxFinalize(int *pRc, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ) *pRc = rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Attempt to allocate an IdxTable structure corresponding to table zTab
+** in the main database of connection db. If successful, set (*ppOut) to
+** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, return an
+** SQLite error code and set (*ppOut) to NULL. In this case *pzErrmsg may be
+** set to point to an error string.
+**
+** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free either the
+** IdxTable object or error message using sqlite3_free().
+*/
+static int idxGetTableInfo(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database connection to read details from */
+  const char *zTab,               /* Table name */
+  IdxTable **ppOut,               /* OUT: New object (if successful) */
+  char **pzErrmsg                 /* OUT: Error message (if not) */
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *p1 = 0;
+  int nCol = 0;
+  int nTab = STRLEN(zTab);
+  int nByte = sizeof(IdxTable) + nTab + 1;
+  IdxTable *pNew = 0;
+  int rc, rc2;
+  char *pCsr = 0;
+
+  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(db, &p1, pzErrmsg, "PRAGMA table_info=%Q", zTab);
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(p1) ){
+    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(p1, 1);
+    nByte += 1 + STRLEN(zCol);
+    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
+        db, "main", zTab, zCol, 0, &zCol, 0, 0, 0
+    );
+    nByte += 1 + STRLEN(zCol);
+    nCol++;
+  }
+  rc2 = sqlite3_reset(p1);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
+
+  nByte += sizeof(IdxColumn) * nCol;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = idxMalloc(&rc, nByte);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew->aCol = (IdxColumn*)&pNew[1];
+    pNew->nCol = nCol;
+    pCsr = (char*)&pNew->aCol[nCol];
+  }
+
+  nCol = 0;
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(p1) ){
+    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(p1, 1);
+    int nCopy = STRLEN(zCol) + 1;
+    pNew->aCol[nCol].zName = pCsr;
+    pNew->aCol[nCol].iPk = sqlite3_column_int(p1, 5);
+    memcpy(pCsr, zCol, nCopy);
+    pCsr += nCopy;
+
+    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
+        db, "main", zTab, zCol, 0, &zCol, 0, 0, 0
+    );
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      nCopy = STRLEN(zCol) + 1;
+      pNew->aCol[nCol].zColl = pCsr;
+      memcpy(pCsr, zCol, nCopy);
+      pCsr += nCopy;
+    }
+
+    nCol++;
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, p1);
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_free(pNew);
+    pNew = 0;
+  }else{
+    pNew->zName = pCsr;
+    memcpy(pNew->zName, zTab, nTab+1);
+  }
+
+  *ppOut = pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is set to anything other than 
+** SQLITE_OK when it is called.
+**
+** If *pRc is initially set to SQLITE_OK, then the text specified by
+** the printf() style arguments is appended to zIn and the result returned
+** in a buffer allocated by sqlite3_malloc(). sqlite3_free() is called on
+** zIn before returning.
+*/
+static char *idxAppendText(int *pRc, char *zIn, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *zAppend = 0;
+  char *zRet = 0;
+  int nIn = zIn ? STRLEN(zIn) : 0;
+  int nAppend = 0;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    zAppend = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( zAppend ){
+      nAppend = STRLEN(zAppend);
+      zRet = (char*)sqlite3_malloc(nIn + nAppend + 1);
+    }
+    if( zAppend && zRet ){
+      if( nIn ) memcpy(zRet, zIn, nIn);
+      memcpy(&zRet[nIn], zAppend, nAppend+1);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(zRet);
+      zRet = 0;
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zAppend);
+    sqlite3_free(zIn);
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if zId must be quoted in order to use it as an SQL
+** identifier, or false otherwise.
+*/
+static int idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(const char *zId){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; zId[i]; i++){
+    if( !(zId[i]=='_')
+     && !(zId[i]>='0' && zId[i]<='9')
+     && !(zId[i]>='a' && zId[i]<='z')
+     && !(zId[i]>='A' && zId[i]<='Z')
+    ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function appends an index column definition suitable for constraint
+** pCons to the string passed as zIn and returns the result.
+*/
+static char *idxAppendColDefn(
+  int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: Error code */
+  char *zIn,                      /* Column defn accumulated so far */
+  IdxTable *pTab,                 /* Table index will be created on */
+  IdxConstraint *pCons
+){
+  char *zRet = zIn;
+  IdxColumn *p = &pTab->aCol[pCons->iCol];
+  if( zRet ) zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, ", ");
+
+  if( idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(p->zName) ){
+    zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, "%Q", p->zName);
+  }else{
+    zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, "%s", p->zName);
+  }
+
+  if( sqlite3_stricmp(p->zColl, pCons->zColl) ){
+    if( idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(pCons->zColl) ){
+      zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, " COLLATE %Q", pCons->zColl);
+    }else{
+      zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, " COLLATE %s", pCons->zColl);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pCons->bDesc ){
+    zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, " DESC");
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Search database dbm for an index compatible with the one idxCreateFromCons()
+** would create from arguments pScan, pEq and pTail. If no error occurs and 
+** such an index is found, return non-zero. Or, if no such index is found,
+** return zero.
+**
+** If an error occurs, set *pRc to an SQLite error code and return zero.
+*/
+static int idxFindCompatible(
+  int *pRc,                       /* OUT: Error code */
+  sqlite3* dbm,                   /* Database to search */
+  IdxScan *pScan,                 /* Scan for table to search for index on */
+  IdxConstraint *pEq,             /* List of == constraints */
+  IdxConstraint *pTail            /* List of range constraints */
+){
+  const char *zTbl = pScan->pTab->zName;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIdxList = 0;
+  IdxConstraint *pIter;
+  int nEq = 0;                    /* Number of elements in pEq */
+  int rc;
+
+  /* Count the elements in list pEq */
+  for(pIter=pEq; pIter; pIter=pIter->pLink) nEq++;
+
+  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pIdxList, 0, "PRAGMA index_list=%Q", zTbl);
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pIdxList)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    int bMatch = 1;
+    IdxConstraint *pT = pTail;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pInfo = 0;
+    const char *zIdx = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIdxList, 1);
+
+    /* Zero the IdxConstraint.bFlag values in the pEq list */
+    for(pIter=pEq; pIter; pIter=pIter->pLink) pIter->bFlag = 0;
+
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pInfo, 0, "PRAGMA index_xInfo=%Q", zIdx);
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pInfo)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      int iIdx = sqlite3_column_int(pInfo, 0);
+      int iCol = sqlite3_column_int(pInfo, 1);
+      const char *zColl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pInfo, 4);
+
+      if( iIdx<nEq ){
+        for(pIter=pEq; pIter; pIter=pIter->pLink){
+          if( pIter->bFlag ) continue;
+          if( pIter->iCol!=iCol ) continue;
+          if( sqlite3_stricmp(pIter->zColl, zColl) ) continue;
+          pIter->bFlag = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        if( pIter==0 ){
+          bMatch = 0;
+          break;
+        }
+      }else{
+        if( pT ){
+          if( pT->iCol!=iCol || sqlite3_stricmp(pT->zColl, zColl) ){
+            bMatch = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+          pT = pT->pLink;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pInfo);
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bMatch ){
+      sqlite3_finalize(pIdxList);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pIdxList);
+
+  *pRc = rc;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int idxCreateFromCons(
+  sqlite3expert *p,
+  IdxScan *pScan,
+  IdxConstraint *pEq, 
+  IdxConstraint *pTail
+){
+  sqlite3 *dbm = p->dbm;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( (pEq || pTail) && 0==idxFindCompatible(&rc, dbm, pScan, pEq, pTail) ){
+    IdxTable *pTab = pScan->pTab;
+    char *zCols = 0;
+    char *zIdx = 0;
+    IdxConstraint *pCons;
+    unsigned int h = 0;
+    const char *zFmt;
+
+    for(pCons=pEq; pCons; pCons=pCons->pLink){
+      zCols = idxAppendColDefn(&rc, zCols, pTab, pCons);
+    }
+    for(pCons=pTail; pCons; pCons=pCons->pLink){
+      zCols = idxAppendColDefn(&rc, zCols, pTab, pCons);
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* Hash the list of columns to come up with a name for the index */
+      const char *zTable = pScan->pTab->zName;
+      char *zName;                /* Index name */
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; zCols[i]; i++){
+        h += ((h<<3) + zCols[i]);
+      }
+      zName = sqlite3_mprintf("%s_idx_%08x", zTable, h);
+      if( zName==0 ){ 
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        if( idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(zTable) ){
+          zFmt = "CREATE INDEX '%q' ON %Q(%s)";
+        }else{
+          zFmt = "CREATE INDEX %s ON %s(%s)";
+        }
+        zIdx = sqlite3_mprintf(zFmt, zName, zTable, zCols);
+        if( !zIdx ){
+          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        }else{
+          rc = sqlite3_exec(dbm, zIdx, 0, 0, p->pzErrmsg);
+          idxHashAdd(&rc, &p->hIdx, zName, zIdx);
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zName);
+        sqlite3_free(zIdx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(zCols);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if list pList (linked by IdxConstraint.pLink) contains
+** a constraint compatible with *p. Otherwise return false.
+*/
+static int idxFindConstraint(IdxConstraint *pList, IdxConstraint *p){
+  IdxConstraint *pCmp;
+  for(pCmp=pList; pCmp; pCmp=pCmp->pLink){
+    if( p->iCol==pCmp->iCol ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int idxCreateFromWhere(
+  sqlite3expert *p, 
+  IdxScan *pScan,                 /* Create indexes for this scan */
+  IdxConstraint *pTail            /* range/ORDER BY constraints for inclusion */
+){
+  IdxConstraint *p1 = 0;
+  IdxConstraint *pCon;
+  int rc;
+
+  /* Gather up all the == constraints. */
+  for(pCon=pScan->pEq; pCon; pCon=pCon->pNext){
+    if( !idxFindConstraint(p1, pCon) && !idxFindConstraint(pTail, pCon) ){
+      pCon->pLink = p1;
+      p1 = pCon;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Create an index using the == constraints collected above. And the
+  ** range constraint/ORDER BY terms passed in by the caller, if any. */
+  rc = idxCreateFromCons(p, pScan, p1, pTail);
+
+  /* If no range/ORDER BY passed by the caller, create a version of the
+  ** index for each range constraint.  */
+  if( pTail==0 ){
+    for(pCon=pScan->pRange; rc==SQLITE_OK && pCon; pCon=pCon->pNext){
+      assert( pCon->pLink==0 );
+      if( !idxFindConstraint(p1, pCon) && !idxFindConstraint(pTail, pCon) ){
+        rc = idxCreateFromCons(p, pScan, p1, pCon);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Create candidate indexes in database [dbm] based on the data in 
+** linked-list pScan.
+*/
+static int idxCreateCandidates(sqlite3expert *p){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  IdxScan *pIter;
+
+  for(pIter=p->pScan; pIter && rc==SQLITE_OK; pIter=pIter->pNextScan){
+    rc = idxCreateFromWhere(p, pIter, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter->pOrder ){
+      rc = idxCreateFromWhere(p, pIter, pIter->pOrder);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free all elements of the linked list starting at pConstraint.
+*/
+static void idxConstraintFree(IdxConstraint *pConstraint){
+  IdxConstraint *pNext;
+  IdxConstraint *p;
+
+  for(p=pConstraint; p; p=pNext){
+    pNext = p->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free all elements of the linked list starting from pScan up until pLast
+** (pLast is not freed).
+*/
+static void idxScanFree(IdxScan *pScan, IdxScan *pLast){
+  IdxScan *p;
+  IdxScan *pNext;
+  for(p=pScan; p!=pLast; p=pNext){
+    pNext = p->pNextScan;
+    idxConstraintFree(p->pOrder);
+    idxConstraintFree(p->pEq);
+    idxConstraintFree(p->pRange);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free all elements of the linked list starting from pStatement up 
+** until pLast (pLast is not freed).
+*/
+static void idxStatementFree(IdxStatement *pStatement, IdxStatement *pLast){
+  IdxStatement *p;
+  IdxStatement *pNext;
+  for(p=pStatement; p!=pLast; p=pNext){
+    pNext = p->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(p->zEQP);
+    sqlite3_free(p->zIdx);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free the linked list of IdxTable objects starting at pTab.
+*/
+static void idxTableFree(IdxTable *pTab){
+  IdxTable *pIter;
+  IdxTable *pNext;
+  for(pIter=pTab; pIter; pIter=pNext){
+    pNext = pIter->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(pIter);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free the linked list of IdxWrite objects starting at pTab.
+*/
+static void idxWriteFree(IdxWrite *pTab){
+  IdxWrite *pIter;
+  IdxWrite *pNext;
+  for(pIter=pTab; pIter; pIter=pNext){
+    pNext = pIter->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(pIter);
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** This function is called after candidate indexes have been created. It
+** runs all the queries to see which indexes they prefer, and populates
+** IdxStatement.zIdx and IdxStatement.zEQP with the results.
+*/
+int idxFindIndexes(
+  sqlite3expert *p,
+  char **pzErr                         /* OUT: Error message (sqlite3_malloc) */
+){
+  IdxStatement *pStmt;
+  sqlite3 *dbm = p->dbm;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  IdxHash hIdx;
+  idxHashInit(&hIdx);
+
+  for(pStmt=p->pStatement; rc==SQLITE_OK && pStmt; pStmt=pStmt->pNext){
+    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pExplain = 0;
+    idxHashClear(&hIdx);
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pExplain, pzErr,
+        "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN %s", pStmt->zSql
+    );
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pExplain)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      int iSelectid = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 0);
+      int iOrder = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 1);
+      int iFrom = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 2);
+      const char *zDetail = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pExplain, 3);
+      int nDetail = STRLEN(zDetail);
+      int i;
+
+      for(i=0; i<nDetail; i++){
+        const char *zIdx = 0;
+        if( memcmp(&zDetail[i], " USING INDEX ", 13)==0 ){
+          zIdx = &zDetail[i+13];
+        }else if( memcmp(&zDetail[i], " USING COVERING INDEX ", 22)==0 ){
+          zIdx = &zDetail[i+22];
+        }
+        if( zIdx ){
+          const char *zSql;
+          int nIdx = 0;
+          while( zIdx[nIdx]!='\0' && (zIdx[nIdx]!=' ' || zIdx[nIdx+1]!='(') ){
+            nIdx++;
+          }
+          zSql = idxHashSearch(&p->hIdx, zIdx, nIdx);
+          if( zSql ){
+            idxHashAdd(&rc, &hIdx, zSql, 0);
+            if( rc ) goto find_indexes_out;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      pStmt->zEQP = idxAppendText(&rc, pStmt->zEQP, "%d|%d|%d|%s\n", 
+          iSelectid, iOrder, iFrom, zDetail
+      );
+    }
+
+    for(pEntry=hIdx.pFirst; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pNext){
+      pStmt->zIdx = idxAppendText(&rc, pStmt->zIdx, "%s;\n", pEntry->zKey);
+    }
+
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pExplain);
+  }
+
+ find_indexes_out:
+  idxHashClear(&hIdx);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxAuthCallback(
+  void *pCtx,
+  int eOp,
+  const char *z3,
+  const char *z4,
+  const char *zDb,
+  const char *zTrigger
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  (void)z4;
+  (void)zTrigger;
+  if( eOp==SQLITE_INSERT || eOp==SQLITE_UPDATE || eOp==SQLITE_DELETE ){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDb, "main")==0 ){
+      sqlite3expert *p = (sqlite3expert*)pCtx;
+      IdxTable *pTab;
+      for(pTab=p->pTable; pTab; pTab=pTab->pNext){
+        if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(z3, pTab->zName) ) break;
+      }
+      if( pTab ){
+        IdxWrite *pWrite;
+        for(pWrite=p->pWrite; pWrite; pWrite=pWrite->pNext){
+          if( pWrite->pTab==pTab && pWrite->eOp==eOp ) break;
+        }
+        if( pWrite==0 ){
+          pWrite = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(IdxWrite));
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            pWrite->pTab = pTab;
+            pWrite->eOp = eOp;
+            pWrite->pNext = p->pWrite;
+            p->pWrite = pWrite;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxProcessOneTrigger(
+  sqlite3expert *p, 
+  IdxWrite *pWrite, 
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  static const char *zInt = UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME;
+  static const char *zDrop = "DROP TABLE " UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME;
+  IdxTable *pTab = pWrite->pTab;
+  const char *zTab = pTab->zName;
+  const char *zSql = 
+    "SELECT 'CREATE TEMP' || substr(sql, 7) FROM sqlite_master "
+    "WHERE tbl_name = %Q AND type IN ('table', 'trigger') "
+    "ORDER BY type;";
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSelect = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zWrite = 0;
+
+  /* Create the table and its triggers in the temp schema */
+  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(p->db, &pSelect, pzErr, zSql, zTab, zTab);
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSelect) ){
+    const char *zCreate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zCreate, 0, 0, pzErr);
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pSelect);
+
+  /* Rename the table in the temp schema to zInt */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("ALTER TABLE temp.%Q RENAME TO %Q", zTab, zInt);
+    if( z==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, z, 0, 0, pzErr);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch( pWrite->eOp ){
+    case SQLITE_INSERT: {
+      int i;
+      zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "INSERT INTO %Q VALUES(", zInt);
+      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+        zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "%s?", i==0 ? "" : ", ");
+      }
+      zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, ")");
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_UPDATE: {
+      int i;
+      zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "UPDATE %Q SET ", zInt);
+      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+        zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "%s%Q=?", i==0 ? "" : ", ", 
+            pTab->aCol[i].zName
+        );
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      assert( pWrite->eOp==SQLITE_DELETE );
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        zWrite = sqlite3_mprintf("DELETE FROM %Q", zInt);
+        if( zWrite==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pX = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->dbv, zWrite, -1, &pX, 0);
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pX);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      idxDatabaseError(p->dbv, pzErr);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zWrite);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zDrop, 0, 0, pzErr);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxProcessTriggers(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  IdxWrite *pEnd = 0;
+  IdxWrite *pFirst = p->pWrite;
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFirst!=pEnd ){
+    IdxWrite *pIter;
+    for(pIter=pFirst; rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter!=pEnd; pIter=pIter->pNext){
+      rc = idxProcessOneTrigger(p, pIter, pzErr);
+    }
+    pEnd = pFirst;
+    pFirst = p->pWrite;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+static int idxCreateVtabSchema(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErrmsg){
+  int rc = idxRegisterVtab(p);
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSchema = 0;
+
+  /* For each table in the main db schema:
+  **
+  **   1) Add an entry to the p->pTable list, and
+  **   2) Create the equivalent virtual table in dbv.
+  */
+  rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->db, &pSchema, pzErrmsg,
+      "SELECT type, name, sql, 1 FROM sqlite_master "
+      "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%' "
+      " UNION ALL "
+      "SELECT type, name, sql, 2 FROM sqlite_master "
+      "WHERE type = 'trigger'"
+      "  AND tbl_name IN(SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'view') "
+      "ORDER BY 4, 1"
+  );
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSchema) ){
+    const char *zType = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSchema, 0);
+    const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSchema, 1);
+    const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSchema, 2);
+
+    if( zType[0]=='v' || zType[1]=='r' ){
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zSql, 0, 0, pzErrmsg);
+    }else{
+      IdxTable *pTab;
+      rc = idxGetTableInfo(p->db, zName, &pTab, pzErrmsg);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        int i;
+        char *zInner = 0;
+        char *zOuter = 0;
+        pTab->pNext = p->pTable;
+        p->pTable = pTab;
+
+        /* The statement the vtab will pass to sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
+        zInner = idxAppendText(&rc, 0, "CREATE TABLE x(");
+        for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+          zInner = idxAppendText(&rc, zInner, "%s%Q COLLATE %s", 
+              (i==0 ? "" : ", "), pTab->aCol[i].zName, pTab->aCol[i].zColl
+          );
+        }
+        zInner = idxAppendText(&rc, zInner, ")");
+
+        /* The CVT statement to create the vtab */
+        zOuter = idxAppendText(&rc, 0, 
+            "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE %Q USING expert(%Q)", zName, zInner
+        );
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zOuter, 0, 0, pzErrmsg);
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zInner);
+        sqlite3_free(zOuter);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pSchema);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+struct IdxSampleCtx {
+  int iTarget;
+  double target;                  /* Target nRet/nRow value */
+  double nRow;                    /* Number of rows seen */
+  double nRet;                    /* Number of rows returned */
+};
+
+static void idxSampleFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  struct IdxSampleCtx *p = (struct IdxSampleCtx*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
+  int bRet;
+
+  (void)argv;
+  assert( argc==0 );
+  if( p->nRow==0.0 ){
+    bRet = 1;
+  }else{
+    bRet = (p->nRet / p->nRow) <= p->target;
+    if( bRet==0 ){
+      unsigned short rnd;
+      sqlite3_randomness(2, (void*)&rnd);
+      bRet = ((int)rnd % 100) <= p->iTarget;
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, bRet);
+  p->nRow += 1.0;
+  p->nRet += (double)bRet;
+}
+
+struct IdxRemCtx {
+  int nSlot;
+  struct IdxRemSlot {
+    int eType;                    /* SQLITE_NULL, INTEGER, REAL, TEXT, BLOB */
+    i64 iVal;                     /* SQLITE_INTEGER value */
+    double rVal;                  /* SQLITE_FLOAT value */
+    int nByte;                    /* Bytes of space allocated at z */
+    int n;                        /* Size of buffer z */
+    char *z;                      /* SQLITE_TEXT/BLOB value */
+  } aSlot[1];
+};
+
+/*
+** Implementation of scalar function rem().
+*/
+static void idxRemFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  struct IdxRemCtx *p = (struct IdxRemCtx*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
+  struct IdxRemSlot *pSlot;
+  int iSlot;
+  assert( argc==2 );
+
+  iSlot = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  assert( iSlot<=p->nSlot );
+  pSlot = &p->aSlot[iSlot];
+
+  switch( pSlot->eType ){
+    case SQLITE_NULL:
+      /* no-op */
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, pSlot->iVal);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, pSlot->rVal);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_BLOB:
+      sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, pSlot->z, pSlot->n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_TEXT:
+      sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pSlot->z, pSlot->n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  pSlot->eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[1]);
+  switch( pSlot->eType ){
+    case SQLITE_NULL:
+      /* no-op */
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+      pSlot->iVal = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1]);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+      pSlot->rVal = sqlite3_value_double(argv[1]);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_BLOB:
+    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
+      int nByte = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
+      if( nByte>pSlot->nByte ){
+        char *zNew = (char*)sqlite3_realloc(pSlot->z, nByte*2);
+        if( zNew==0 ){
+          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+          return;
+        }
+        pSlot->nByte = nByte*2;
+        pSlot->z = zNew;
+      }
+      pSlot->n = nByte;
+      if( pSlot->eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+        memcpy(pSlot->z, sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]), nByte);
+      }else{
+        memcpy(pSlot->z, sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]), nByte);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static int idxLargestIndex(sqlite3 *db, int *pnMax, char **pzErr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  const char *zMax = 
+    "SELECT max(i.seqno) FROM "
+    "  sqlite_master AS s, "
+    "  pragma_index_list(s.name) AS l, "
+    "  pragma_index_info(l.name) AS i "
+    "WHERE s.type = 'table'";
+  sqlite3_stmt *pMax = 0;
+
+  *pnMax = 0;
+  rc = idxPrepareStmt(db, &pMax, pzErr, zMax);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pMax) ){
+    *pnMax = sqlite3_column_int(pMax, 0) + 1;
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pMax);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxPopulateOneStat1(
+  sqlite3expert *p,
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIndexXInfo,
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteStat,
+  const char *zTab,
+  const char *zIdx,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  char *zCols = 0;
+  char *zOrder = 0;
+  char *zQuery = 0;
+  int nCol = 0;
+  int i;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pQuery = 0;
+  int *aStat = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( p->iSample>0 );
+
+  /* Formulate the query text */
+  sqlite3_bind_text(pIndexXInfo, 1, zIdx, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  while( SQLITE_OK==rc && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pIndexXInfo) ){
+    const char *zComma = zCols==0 ? "" : ", ";
+    const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIndexXInfo, 0);
+    const char *zColl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIndexXInfo, 1);
+    zCols = idxAppendText(&rc, zCols, 
+        "%sx.%Q IS rem(%d, x.%Q) COLLATE %s", zComma, zName, nCol, zName, zColl
+    );
+    zOrder = idxAppendText(&rc, zOrder, "%s%d", zComma, ++nCol);
+  }
+  sqlite3_reset(pIndexXInfo);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( p->iSample==100 ){
+      zQuery = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT %s FROM %Q x ORDER BY %s", zCols, zTab, zOrder
+      );
+    }else{
+      zQuery = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT %s FROM temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME" x ORDER BY %s", zCols, zOrder
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zCols);
+  sqlite3_free(zOrder);
+
+  /* Formulate the query text */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3 *dbrem = (p->iSample==100 ? p->db : p->dbv);
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(dbrem, &pQuery, pzErr, zQuery);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zQuery);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    aStat = (int*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(int)*(nCol+1));
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pQuery) ){
+    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+    char *zStat = 0;
+    for(i=0; i<=nCol; i++) aStat[i] = 1;
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pQuery) ){
+      aStat[0]++;
+      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+        if( sqlite3_column_int(pQuery, i)==0 ) break;
+      }
+      for(/*no-op*/; i<nCol; i++){
+        aStat[i+1]++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int s0 = aStat[0];
+      zStat = sqlite3_mprintf("%d", s0);
+      if( zStat==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      for(i=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<=nCol; i++){
+        zStat = idxAppendText(&rc, zStat, " %d", (s0+aStat[i]/2) / aStat[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pWriteStat, 1, zTab, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pWriteStat, 2, zIdx, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pWriteStat, 3, zStat, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_step(pWriteStat);
+      rc = sqlite3_reset(pWriteStat);
+    }
+
+    pEntry = idxHashFind(&p->hIdx, zIdx, STRLEN(zIdx));
+    if( pEntry ){
+      assert( pEntry->zVal2==0 );
+      pEntry->zVal2 = zStat;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(zStat);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(aStat);
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pQuery);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxBuildSampleTable(sqlite3expert *p, const char *zTab){
+  int rc;
+  char *zSql;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv,"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME,0,0,0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+      "CREATE TABLE temp." UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME " AS SELECT * FROM %Q", zTab
+  );
+  if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called as part of sqlite3_expert_analyze(). Candidate
+** indexes have already been created in database sqlite3expert.dbm, this
+** function populates sqlite_stat1 table in the same database.
+**
+** The stat1 data is generated by querying the 
+*/
+static int idxPopulateStat1(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int nMax =0;
+  struct IdxRemCtx *pCtx = 0;
+  struct IdxSampleCtx samplectx; 
+  int i;
+  i64 iPrev = -100000;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pAllIndex = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIndexXInfo = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWrite = 0;
+
+  const char *zAllIndex =
+    "SELECT s.rowid, s.name, l.name FROM "
+    "  sqlite_master AS s, "
+    "  pragma_index_list(s.name) AS l "
+    "WHERE s.type = 'table'";
+  const char *zIndexXInfo = 
+    "SELECT name, coll FROM pragma_index_xinfo(?) WHERE key";
+  const char *zWrite = "INSERT INTO sqlite_stat1 VALUES(?, ?, ?)";
+
+  /* If iSample==0, no sqlite_stat1 data is required. */
+  if( p->iSample==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+
+  rc = idxLargestIndex(p->dbm, &nMax, pzErr);
+  if( nMax<=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbm, "ANALYZE; PRAGMA writable_schema=1", 0, 0, 0);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int nByte = sizeof(struct IdxRemCtx) + (sizeof(struct IdxRemSlot) * nMax);
+    pCtx = (struct IdxRemCtx*)idxMalloc(&rc, nByte);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3 *dbrem = (p->iSample==100 ? p->db : p->dbv);
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
+        dbrem, "rem", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pCtx, idxRemFunc, 0, 0
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
+        p->db, "sample", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)&samplectx, idxSampleFunc, 0, 0
+    );
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pCtx->nSlot = nMax+1;
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->dbm, &pAllIndex, pzErr, zAllIndex);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->dbm, &pIndexXInfo, pzErr, zIndexXInfo);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->dbm, &pWrite, pzErr, zWrite);
+  }
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pAllIndex) ){
+    i64 iRowid = sqlite3_column_int64(pAllIndex, 0);
+    const char *zTab = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pAllIndex, 1);
+    const char *zIdx = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pAllIndex, 2);
+    if( p->iSample<100 && iPrev!=iRowid ){
+      samplectx.target = (double)p->iSample / 100.0;
+      samplectx.iTarget = p->iSample;
+      samplectx.nRow = 0.0;
+      samplectx.nRet = 0.0;
+      rc = idxBuildSampleTable(p, zTab);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    }
+    rc = idxPopulateOneStat1(p, pIndexXInfo, pWrite, zTab, zIdx, pzErr);
+    iPrev = iRowid;
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->iSample<100 ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, 
+        "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp." UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME, 0,0,0
+    );
+  }
+
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pAllIndex);
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pIndexXInfo);
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pWrite);
+
+  for(i=0; i<pCtx->nSlot; i++){
+    sqlite3_free(pCtx->aSlot[i].z);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pCtx);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbm, "ANALYZE sqlite_master", 0, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_exec(p->db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME,0,0,0);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate a new sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+sqlite3expert *sqlite3_expert_new(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrmsg){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3expert *pNew;
+
+  pNew = (sqlite3expert*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(sqlite3expert));
+
+  /* Open two in-memory databases to work with. The "vtab database" (dbv)
+  ** will contain a virtual table corresponding to each real table in
+  ** the user database schema, and a copy of each view. It is used to
+  ** collect information regarding the WHERE, ORDER BY and other clauses
+  ** of the user's query.
+  */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew->db = db;
+    pNew->iSample = 100;
+    rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &pNew->dbv);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &pNew->dbm);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_db_config(pNew->dbm, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, 1, (int*)0);
+    }
+  }
+  
+
+  /* Copy the entire schema of database [db] into [dbm]. */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pSql;
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(pNew->db, &pSql, pzErrmsg, 
+        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
+        " AND sql NOT LIKE 'CREATE VIRTUAL %%'"
+    );
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
+      const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(pNew->dbm, zSql, 0, 0, pzErrmsg);
+    }
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pSql);
+  }
+
+  /* Create the vtab schema */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxCreateVtabSchema(pNew, pzErrmsg);
+  }
+
+  /* Register the auth callback with dbv */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_set_authorizer(pNew->dbv, idxAuthCallback, (void*)pNew);
+  }
+
+  /* If an error has occurred, free the new object and reutrn NULL. Otherwise,
+  ** return the new sqlite3expert handle.  */
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_expert_destroy(pNew);
+    pNew = 0;
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+/*
+** Configure an sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_config(sqlite3expert *p, int op, ...){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, op);
+  switch( op ){
+    case EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE: {
+      int iVal = va_arg(ap, int);
+      if( iVal<0 ) iVal = 0;
+      if( iVal>100 ) iVal = 100;
+      p->iSample = iVal;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      rc = SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  va_end(ap);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add an SQL statement to the analysis.
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_sql(
+  sqlite3expert *p,               /* From sqlite3_expert_new() */
+  const char *zSql,               /* SQL statement to add */
+  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: Error message (if any) */
+){
+  IdxScan *pScanOrig = p->pScan;
+  IdxStatement *pStmtOrig = p->pStatement;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  const char *zStmt = zSql;
+
+  if( p->bRun ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && zStmt && zStmt[0] ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->dbv, zStmt, -1, &pStmt, &zStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( pStmt ){
+        IdxStatement *pNew;
+        const char *z = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
+        int n = STRLEN(z);
+        pNew = (IdxStatement*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(IdxStatement) + n+1);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          pNew->zSql = (char*)&pNew[1];
+          memcpy(pNew->zSql, z, n+1);
+          pNew->pNext = p->pStatement;
+          if( p->pStatement ) pNew->iId = p->pStatement->iId+1;
+          p->pStatement = pNew;
+        }
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+      }
+    }else{
+      idxDatabaseError(p->dbv, pzErr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    idxScanFree(p->pScan, pScanOrig);
+    idxStatementFree(p->pStatement, pStmtOrig);
+    p->pScan = pScanOrig;
+    p->pStatement = pStmtOrig;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+int sqlite3_expert_analyze(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr){
+  int rc;
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+
+  /* Do trigger processing to collect any extra IdxScan structures */
+  rc = idxProcessTriggers(p, pzErr);
+
+  /* Create candidate indexes within the in-memory database file */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxCreateCandidates(p);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate the stat1 data */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPopulateStat1(p, pzErr);
+  }
+
+  /* Formulate the EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES text */
+  for(pEntry=p->hIdx.pFirst; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pNext){
+    p->zCandidates = idxAppendText(&rc, p->zCandidates, 
+        "%s;%s%s\n", pEntry->zVal, 
+        pEntry->zVal2 ? " -- stat1: " : "", pEntry->zVal2
+    );
+  }
+
+  /* Figure out which of the candidate indexes are preferred by the query
+  ** planner and report the results to the user.  */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxFindIndexes(p, pzErr);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    p->bRun = 1;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the total number of statements that have been added to this
+** sqlite3expert using sqlite3_expert_sql().
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_count(sqlite3expert *p){
+  int nRet = 0;
+  if( p->pStatement ) nRet = p->pStatement->iId+1;
+  return nRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return a component of the report.
+*/
+const char *sqlite3_expert_report(sqlite3expert *p, int iStmt, int eReport){
+  const char *zRet = 0;
+  IdxStatement *pStmt;
+
+  if( p->bRun==0 ) return 0;
+  for(pStmt=p->pStatement; pStmt && pStmt->iId!=iStmt; pStmt=pStmt->pNext);
+  switch( eReport ){
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_SQL:
+      if( pStmt ) zRet = pStmt->zSql;
+      break;
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES:
+      if( pStmt ) zRet = pStmt->zIdx;
+      break;
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN:
+      if( pStmt ) zRet = pStmt->zEQP;
+      break;
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES:
+      zRet = p->zCandidates;
+      break;
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free an sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+void sqlite3_expert_destroy(sqlite3expert *p){
+  if( p ){
+    sqlite3_close(p->dbm);
+    sqlite3_close(p->dbv);
+    idxScanFree(p->pScan, 0);
+    idxStatementFree(p->pStatement, 0);
+    idxTableFree(p->pTable);
+    idxWriteFree(p->pWrite);
+    idxHashClear(&p->hIdx);
+    sqlite3_free(p->zCandidates);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUAL_TABLE */
+
+/************************* End ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c ********************/
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
 /*
@@ -1388,6 +7905,12 @@
   int colWidth[100];  /* Column widths prior to ".explain on" */
 };
 
+typedef struct ExpertInfo ExpertInfo;
+struct ExpertInfo {
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
+  int bVerbose;
+};
+
 /*
 ** State information about the database connection is contained in an
 ** instance of the following structure.
@@ -1395,16 +7918,19 @@
 typedef struct ShellState ShellState;
 struct ShellState {
   sqlite3 *db;           /* The database */
-  int autoExplain;       /* Automatically turn on .explain mode */
-  int autoEQP;           /* Run EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prior to seach SQL stmt */
-  int statsOn;           /* True to display memory stats before each finalize */
-  int scanstatsOn;       /* True to display scan stats before each finalize */
+  u8 autoExplain;        /* Automatically turn on .explain mode */
+  u8 autoEQP;            /* Run EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prior to seach SQL stmt */
+  u8 statsOn;            /* True to display memory stats before each finalize */
+  u8 scanstatsOn;        /* True to display scan stats before each finalize */
+  u8 openMode;           /* SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL, _APPENDVFS, or _ZIPFILE */
+  u8 doXdgOpen;          /* Invoke start/open/xdg-open in output_reset() */
   int outCount;          /* Revert to stdout when reaching zero */
   int cnt;               /* Number of records displayed so far */
   FILE *out;             /* Write results here */
   FILE *traceOut;        /* Output for sqlite3_trace() */
   int nErr;              /* Number of errors seen */
   int mode;              /* An output mode setting */
+  int modePrior;         /* Saved mode */
   int cMode;             /* temporary output mode for the current query */
   int normalMode;        /* Output mode before ".explain on" */
   int writableSchema;    /* True if PRAGMA writable_schema=ON */
@@ -1412,9 +7938,12 @@
   int nCheck;            /* Number of ".check" commands run */
   unsigned shellFlgs;    /* Various flags */
   char *zDestTable;      /* Name of destination table when MODE_Insert */
+  char *zTempFile;       /* Temporary file that might need deleting */
   char zTestcase[30];    /* Name of current test case */
   char colSeparator[20]; /* Column separator character for several modes */
   char rowSeparator[20]; /* Row separator character for MODE_Ascii */
+  char colSepPrior[20];  /* Saved column separator */
+  char rowSepPrior[20];  /* Saved row separator */
   int colWidth[100];     /* Requested width of each column when in column mode*/
   int actualWidth[100];  /* Actual width of each column */
   char nullValue[20];    /* The text to print when a NULL comes back from
@@ -1432,16 +7961,32 @@
   int nSession;             /* Number of active sessions */
   OpenSession aSession[4];  /* Array of sessions.  [0] is in focus. */
 #endif
+  ExpertInfo expert;        /* Valid if previous command was ".expert OPT..." */
 };
 
+
+/* Allowed values for ShellState.autoEQP
+*/
+#define AUTOEQP_off      0
+#define AUTOEQP_on       1
+#define AUTOEQP_trigger  2
+#define AUTOEQP_full     3
+
+/* Allowed values for ShellState.openMode
+*/
+#define SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC     0      /* No open-mode specified */
+#define SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL     1      /* Normal database file */
+#define SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS  2      /* Use appendvfs */
+#define SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE    3      /* Use the zipfile virtual table */
+
 /*
 ** These are the allowed shellFlgs values
 */
-#define SHFLG_Scratch        0x00000001 /* The --scratch option is used */
-#define SHFLG_Pagecache      0x00000002 /* The --pagecache option is used */
-#define SHFLG_Lookaside      0x00000004 /* Lookaside memory is used */
-#define SHFLG_Backslash      0x00000008 /* The --backslash option is used */
-#define SHFLG_PreserveRowid  0x00000010 /* .dump preserves rowid values */
+#define SHFLG_Pagecache      0x00000001 /* The --pagecache option is used */
+#define SHFLG_Lookaside      0x00000002 /* Lookaside memory is used */
+#define SHFLG_Backslash      0x00000004 /* The --backslash option is used */
+#define SHFLG_PreserveRowid  0x00000008 /* .dump preserves rowid values */
+#define SHFLG_Newlines       0x00000010 /* .dump --newline flag */
 #define SHFLG_CountChanges   0x00000020 /* .changes setting */
 #define SHFLG_Echo           0x00000040 /* .echo or --echo setting */
 
@@ -1497,11 +8042,6 @@
 #define SEP_Record    "\x1E"
 
 /*
-** Number of elements in an array
-*/
-#define ArraySize(X)  (int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
-
-/*
 ** A callback for the sqlite3_log() interface.
 */
 static void shellLog(void *pArg, int iErrCode, const char *zMsg){
@@ -1512,6 +8052,163 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** SQL function:  shell_putsnl(X)
+**
+** Write the text X to the screen (or whatever output is being directed)
+** adding a newline at the end, and then return X.
+*/
+static void shellPutsFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal
+){
+  ShellState *p = (ShellState*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
+  (void)nVal;
+  utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]));
+  sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, apVal[0]);
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:   edit(VALUE)
+**                 edit(VALUE,EDITOR)
+**
+** These steps:
+**
+**     (1) Write VALUE into a temporary file.
+**     (2) Run program EDITOR on that temporary file.
+**     (3) Read the temporary file back and return its content as the result.
+**     (4) Delete the temporary file
+**
+** If the EDITOR argument is omitted, use the value in the VISUAL
+** environment variable.  If still there is no EDITOR, through an error.
+**
+** Also throw an error if the EDITOR program returns a non-zero exit code.
+*/
+static void editFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zEditor;
+  char *zTempFile = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  char *zCmd = 0;
+  int bBin;
+  int rc;
+  FILE *f = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 sz;
+  sqlite3_int64 x;
+  unsigned char *p = 0;
+
+  if( argc==2 ){
+    zEditor = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
+  }else{
+    zEditor = getenv("VISUAL");
+  }
+  if( zEditor==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "no editor for edit()", -1);
+    return;
+  }
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "NULL input to edit()", -1);
+    return;
+  }
+  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
+  zTempFile = 0;
+  sqlite3_file_control(db, 0, SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME, &zTempFile);
+  if( zTempFile==0 ){
+    sqlite3_uint64 r = 0;
+    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(r), &r);
+    zTempFile = sqlite3_mprintf("temp%llx", r);
+    if( zTempFile==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  bBin = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_BLOB;
+  f = fopen(zTempFile, bBin ? "wb" : "w");
+  if( f==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "edit() cannot open temp file", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  sz = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+  if( bBin ){
+    x = fwrite(sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]), 1, sz, f);
+  }else{
+    x = fwrite(sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]), 1, sz, f);
+  }
+  fclose(f);
+  f = 0;
+  if( x!=sz ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "edit() could not write the whole file", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf("%s \"%s\"", zEditor, zTempFile);
+  if( zCmd==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  rc = system(zCmd);
+  sqlite3_free(zCmd);
+  if( rc ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "EDITOR returned non-zero", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  f = fopen(zTempFile, bBin ? "rb" : "r");
+  if( f==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context,
+      "edit() cannot reopen temp file after edit", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+  sz = ftell(f);
+  rewind(f);
+  p = sqlite3_malloc64( sz+(bBin==0) );
+  if( p==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  if( bBin ){
+    x = fread(p, 1, sz, f);
+  }else{
+    x = fread(p, 1, sz, f);
+    p[sz] = 0;
+  }
+  fclose(f);
+  f = 0;
+  if( x!=sz ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "could not read back the whole file", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  if( bBin ){
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p, sz, sqlite3_free);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_result_text(context, (const char*)p, sz, sqlite3_free);
+  }
+  p = 0;
+
+edit_func_end:
+  if( f ) fclose(f);
+  unlink(zTempFile);
+  sqlite3_free(zTempFile);
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Save or restore the current output mode
+*/
+static void outputModePush(ShellState *p){
+  p->modePrior = p->mode;
+  memcpy(p->colSepPrior, p->colSeparator, sizeof(p->colSeparator));
+  memcpy(p->rowSepPrior, p->rowSeparator, sizeof(p->rowSeparator));
+}
+static void outputModePop(ShellState *p){
+  p->mode = p->modePrior;
+  memcpy(p->colSeparator, p->colSepPrior, sizeof(p->colSeparator));
+  memcpy(p->rowSeparator, p->rowSepPrior, sizeof(p->rowSeparator));
+}
+
+/*
 ** Output the given string as a hex-encoded blob (eg. X'1234' )
 */
 static void output_hex_blob(FILE *out, const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
@@ -1756,12 +8453,9 @@
       }
     }
     if( i==0 ){
-      putc('"', out);
-      for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
-        if( z[i]=='"' ) putc('"', out);
-        putc(z[i], out);
-      }
-      putc('"', out);
+      char *zQuoted = sqlite3_mprintf("\"%w\"", z);
+      utf8_printf(out, "%s", zQuoted);
+      sqlite3_free(zQuoted);
     }else{
       utf8_printf(out, "%s", z);
     }
@@ -1771,7 +8465,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef SIGINT
 /*
 ** This routine runs when the user presses Ctrl-C
 */
@@ -1781,6 +8474,20 @@
   if( seenInterrupt>2 ) exit(1);
   if( globalDb ) sqlite3_interrupt(globalDb);
 }
+
+#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+/*
+** This routine runs for console events (e.g. Ctrl-C) on Win32
+*/
+static BOOL WINAPI ConsoleCtrlHandler(
+  DWORD dwCtrlType /* One of the CTRL_*_EVENT constants */
+){
+  if( dwCtrlType==CTRL_C_EVENT ){
+    interrupt_handler(0);
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
@@ -1851,6 +8558,22 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return true if string z[] has nothing but whitespace and comments to the
+** end of the first line.
+*/
+static int wsToEol(const char *z){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
+    if( z[i]=='\n' ) return 1;
+    if( IsSpace(z[i]) ) continue;
+    if( z[i]=='-' && z[i+1]=='-' ) return 1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+    
+
+/*
 ** This is the callback routine that the shell
 ** invokes for each row of a query result.
 */
@@ -1864,6 +8587,7 @@
   int i;
   ShellState *p = (ShellState*)pArg;
 
+  if( azArg==0 ) return 0;
   switch( p->cMode ){
     case MODE_Line: {
       int w = 5;
@@ -1903,9 +8627,9 @@
             w = 0;
           }
           if( w==0 ){
-            w = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
+            w = strlenChar(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
             if( w<10 ) w = 10;
-            n = strlen30(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
+            n = strlenChar(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
             if( w<n ) w = n;
           }
           if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
@@ -1940,8 +8664,8 @@
         }else{
            w = 10;
         }
-        if( p->cMode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && strlen30(azArg[i])>w ){
-          w = strlen30(azArg[i]);
+        if( p->cMode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && strlenChar(azArg[i])>w ){
+          w = strlenChar(azArg[i]);
         }
         if( i==1 && p->aiIndent && p->pStmt ){
           if( p->iIndent<p->nIndent ){
@@ -1978,6 +8702,7 @@
       for(i=0; IsSpace(z[i]); i++){}
       for(; (c = z[i])!=0; i++){
         if( IsSpace(c) ){
+          if( z[j-1]=='\r' ) z[j-1] = '\n';
           if( IsSpace(z[j-1]) || z[j-1]=='(' ) continue;
         }else if( (c=='(' || c==')') && j>0 && IsSpace(z[j-1]) ){
           j--;
@@ -1987,13 +8712,15 @@
       while( j>0 && IsSpace(z[j-1]) ){ j--; }
       z[j] = 0;
       if( strlen30(z)>=79 ){
-        for(i=j=0; (c = z[i])!=0; i++){
+        for(i=j=0; (c = z[i])!=0; i++){  /* Copy changes from z[i] back to z[j] */
           if( c==cEnd ){
             cEnd = 0;
           }else if( c=='"' || c=='\'' || c=='`' ){
             cEnd = c;
           }else if( c=='[' ){
             cEnd = ']';
+          }else if( c=='-' && z[i+1]=='-' ){
+            cEnd = '\n';
           }else if( c=='(' ){
             nParen++;
           }else if( c==')' ){
@@ -2004,7 +8731,9 @@
             }
           }
           z[j++] = c;
-          if( nParen==1 && (c=='(' || c==',' || c=='\n') ){
+          if( nParen==1 && cEnd==0
+           && (c=='(' || c=='\n' || (c==',' && !wsToEol(z+i+1)))
+          ){
             if( c=='\n' ) j--;
             printSchemaLineN(p->out, z, j, "\n  ");
             j = 0;
@@ -2114,7 +8843,11 @@
         if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
           utf8_printf(p->out,"NULL");
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-          output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+          if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines) ){
+            output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+          }else{
+            output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+          }
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
           utf8_printf(p->out,"%s", azArg[i]);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
@@ -2128,6 +8861,8 @@
           output_hex_blob(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
         }else if( isNumber(azArg[i], 0) ){
           utf8_printf(p->out,"%s", azArg[i]);
+        }else if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines) ){
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }else{
           output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }
@@ -2208,6 +8943,7 @@
   ShellText *p = (ShellText*)pArg;
   int i;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(az);
+  if( azArg==0 ) return 0;
   if( p->n ) appendText(p, "|", 0);
   for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
     if( i ) appendText(p, ",", 0);
@@ -2272,7 +9008,7 @@
 */
 static void set_table_name(ShellState *p, const char *zName){
   int i, n;
-  int cQuote;
+  char cQuote;
   char *z;
 
   if( p->zDestTable ){
@@ -2282,7 +9018,7 @@
   if( zName==0 ) return;
   cQuote = quoteChar(zName);
   n = strlen30(zName);
-  if( cQuote ) n += 2;
+  if( cQuote ) n += n+2;
   z = p->zDestTable = malloc( n+1 );
   if( z==0 ){
     raw_printf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
@@ -2395,7 +9131,7 @@
     };
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTrans); i++){
-      int n = (int)strlen(aTrans[i].zPattern);
+      int n = strlen30(aTrans[i].zPattern);
       if( strncmp(aTrans[i].zPattern, z, n)==0 ){
         utf8_printf(out, "%-36s %s", aTrans[i].zDesc, &z[n]);
         break;
@@ -2454,18 +9190,10 @@
     }
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Number of Pcache Overflow Bytes:",
        "%lld (max %lld) bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, bReset);
-    if( pArg->shellFlgs & SHFLG_Scratch ){
-      displayStatLine(pArg, "Number of Scratch Allocations Used:",
-         "%lld (max %lld)", SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, bReset);
-    }
-    displayStatLine(pArg, "Number of Scratch Overflow Bytes:",
-       "%lld (max %lld) bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, bReset);
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Largest Allocation:",
        "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, bReset);
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Largest Pcache Allocation:",
        "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, bReset);
-    displayStatLine(pArg, "Largest Scratch Allocation:",
-       "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE, bReset);
 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Deepest Parser Stack:",
        "%lld (max %lld)", SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK, bReset);
@@ -2804,6 +9532,137 @@
   }
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+/*
+** This function is called to process SQL if the previous shell command
+** was ".expert". It passes the SQL in the second argument directly to
+** the sqlite3expert object.
+**
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
+** code. In this case, (*pzErr) may be set to point to a buffer containing
+** an English language error message. It is the responsibility of the
+** caller to eventually free this buffer using sqlite3_free().
+*/
+static int expertHandleSQL(
+  ShellState *pState, 
+  const char *zSql, 
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  assert( pState->expert.pExpert );
+  assert( pzErr==0 || *pzErr==0 );
+  return sqlite3_expert_sql(pState->expert.pExpert, zSql, pzErr);
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called either to silently clean up the object
+** created by the ".expert" command (if bCancel==1), or to generate a 
+** report from it and then clean it up (if bCancel==0).
+**
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
+** code. In this case, (*pzErr) may be set to point to a buffer containing
+** an English language error message. It is the responsibility of the
+** caller to eventually free this buffer using sqlite3_free().
+*/
+static int expertFinish(
+  ShellState *pState,
+  int bCancel,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3expert *p = pState->expert.pExpert;
+  assert( p );
+  assert( bCancel || pzErr==0 || *pzErr==0 );
+  if( bCancel==0 ){
+    FILE *out = pState->out;
+    int bVerbose = pState->expert.bVerbose;
+
+    rc = sqlite3_expert_analyze(p, pzErr);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int nQuery = sqlite3_expert_count(p);
+      int i;
+
+      if( bVerbose ){
+        const char *zCand = sqlite3_expert_report(p,0,EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES);
+        raw_printf(out, "-- Candidates -----------------------------\n");
+        raw_printf(out, "%s\n", zCand);
+      }
+      for(i=0; i<nQuery; i++){
+        const char *zSql = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_SQL);
+        const char *zIdx = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES);
+        const char *zEQP = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN);
+        if( zIdx==0 ) zIdx = "(no new indexes)\n";
+        if( bVerbose ){
+          raw_printf(out, "-- Query %d --------------------------------\n",i+1);
+          raw_printf(out, "%s\n\n", zSql);
+        }
+        raw_printf(out, "%s\n", zIdx);
+        raw_printf(out, "%s\n", zEQP);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_expert_destroy(p);
+  pState->expert.pExpert = 0;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of ".expert" dot command.
+*/
+static int expertDotCommand(
+  ShellState *pState,             /* Current shell tool state */
+  char **azArg,                   /* Array of arguments passed to dot command */
+  int nArg                        /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zErr = 0;
+  int i;
+  int iSample = 0;
+
+  assert( pState->expert.pExpert==0 );
+  memset(&pState->expert, 0, sizeof(ExpertInfo));
+
+  for(i=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i++){
+    char *z = azArg[i];
+    int n;
+    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
+    n = strlen30(z);
+    if( n>=2 && 0==strncmp(z, "-verbose", n) ){
+      pState->expert.bVerbose = 1;
+    }
+    else if( n>=2 && 0==strncmp(z, "-sample", n) ){
+      if( i==(nArg-1) ){
+        raw_printf(stderr, "option requires an argument: %s\n", z);
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }else{
+        iSample = (int)integerValue(azArg[++i]);
+        if( iSample<0 || iSample>100 ){
+          raw_printf(stderr, "value out of range: %s\n", azArg[i]);
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else{
+      raw_printf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", z);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pState->expert.pExpert = sqlite3_expert_new(pState->db, &zErr);
+    if( pState->expert.pExpert==0 ){
+      raw_printf(stderr, "sqlite3_expert_new: %s\n", zErr);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_expert_config(
+          pState->expert.pExpert, EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE, iSample
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
 /*
 ** Execute a statement or set of statements.  Print
 ** any result rows/columns depending on the current mode
@@ -2830,6 +9689,13 @@
     *pzErrMsg = NULL;
   }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( pArg->expert.pExpert ){
+    rc = expertHandleSQL(pArg, zSql, pzErrMsg);
+    return expertFinish(pArg, (rc!=SQLITE_OK), pzErrMsg);
+  }
+#endif
+
   while( zSql[0] && (SQLITE_OK == rc) ){
     static const char *zStmtSql;
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);
@@ -2863,7 +9729,12 @@
       if( pArg && pArg->autoEQP && sqlite3_strlike("EXPLAIN%",zStmtSql,0)!=0 ){
         sqlite3_stmt *pExplain;
         char *zEQP;
+        int triggerEQP = 0;
         disable_debug_trace_modes();
+        sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, -1, &triggerEQP);
+        if( pArg->autoEQP>=AUTOEQP_trigger ){
+          sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, 1, 0);
+        }
         zEQP = sqlite3_mprintf("EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN %s", zStmtSql);
         rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zEQP, -1, &pExplain, 0);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -2876,7 +9747,7 @@
         }
         sqlite3_finalize(pExplain);
         sqlite3_free(zEQP);
-        if( pArg->autoEQP>=2 ){
+        if( pArg->autoEQP>=AUTOEQP_full ){
           /* Also do an EXPLAIN for ".eqp full" mode */
           zEQP = sqlite3_mprintf("EXPLAIN %s", zStmtSql);
           rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zEQP, -1, &pExplain, 0);
@@ -2889,6 +9760,7 @@
           sqlite3_finalize(pExplain);
           sqlite3_free(zEQP);
         }
+        sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, triggerEQP, 0);
         restore_debug_trace_modes();
       }
 
@@ -2997,7 +9869,7 @@
       nPK++;
       if( nPK==1
        && sqlite3_stricmp((const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2),
-                          "INTEGER")==0 
+                          "INTEGER")==0
       ){
         isIPK = 1;
       }else{
@@ -3006,6 +9878,7 @@
     }
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( azCol==0 ) return 0;
   azCol[0] = 0;
   azCol[nCol+1] = 0;
 
@@ -3089,7 +9962,7 @@
   ShellState *p = (ShellState *)pArg;
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(azNotUsed);
-  if( nArg!=3 ) return 1;
+  if( nArg!=3 || azArg==0 ) return 0;
   zTable = azArg[0];
   zType = azArg[1];
   zSql = azArg[2];
@@ -3228,12 +10101,16 @@
 ** Text of a help message
 */
 static char zHelp[] =
+#if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+  ".archive ...           Manage SQL archives: \".archive --help\" for details\n"
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   ".auth ON|OFF           Show authorizer callbacks\n"
 #endif
   ".backup ?DB? FILE      Backup DB (default \"main\") to FILE\n"
   ".bail on|off           Stop after hitting an error.  Default OFF\n"
   ".binary on|off         Turn binary output on or off.  Default OFF\n"
+  ".cd DIRECTORY          Change the working directory to DIRECTORY\n"
   ".changes on|off        Show number of rows changed by SQL\n"
   ".check GLOB            Fail if output since .testcase does not match\n"
   ".clone NEWDB           Clone data into NEWDB from the existing database\n"
@@ -3244,8 +10121,12 @@
   "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
   ".echo on|off           Turn command echo on or off\n"
   ".eqp on|off|full       Enable or disable automatic EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN\n"
+  ".excel                 Display the output of next command in a spreadsheet\n"
   ".exit                  Exit this program\n"
-  ".explain ?on|off|auto? Turn EXPLAIN output mode on or off or to automatic\n"
+  ".expert                EXPERIMENTAL. Suggest indexes for specified queries\n"
+/* Because explain mode comes on automatically now, the ".explain" mode
+** is removed from the help screen.  It is still supported for legacy, however */
+/*".explain ?on|off|auto? Turn EXPLAIN output mode on or off or to automatic\n"*/
   ".fullschema ?--indent? Show schema and the content of sqlite_stat tables\n"
   ".headers on|off        Turn display of headers on or off\n"
   ".help                  Show this message\n"
@@ -3278,10 +10159,12 @@
   "                         tabs     Tab-separated values\n"
   "                         tcl      TCL list elements\n"
   ".nullvalue STRING      Use STRING in place of NULL values\n"
-  ".once FILENAME         Output for the next SQL command only to FILENAME\n"
-  ".open ?--new? ?FILE?   Close existing database and reopen FILE\n"
-  "                         The --new starts with an empty file\n"
-  ".output ?FILENAME?     Send output to FILENAME or stdout\n"
+  ".once (-e|-x|FILE)     Output for the next SQL command only to FILE\n"
+  "                         or invoke system text editor (-e) or spreadsheet (-x)\n"
+  "                         on the output.\n"
+  ".open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE? Close existing database and reopen FILE\n"
+  "                         The --new option starts with an empty file\n"
+  ".output ?FILE?         Send output to FILE or stdout\n"
   ".print STRING...       Print literal STRING\n"
   ".prompt MAIN CONTINUE  Replace the standard prompts\n"
   ".quit                  Exit this program\n"
@@ -3345,8 +10228,8 @@
 
 /*
 ** Read the content of file zName into memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc64()
-** and return a pointer to the buffer. The caller is responsible for freeing 
-** the memory. 
+** and return a pointer to the buffer. The caller is responsible for freeing
+** the memory.
 **
 ** If parameter pnByte is not NULL, (*pnByte) is set to the number of bytes
 ** read.
@@ -3380,58 +10263,6 @@
   return pBuf;
 }
 
-/*
-** Implementation of the "readfile(X)" SQL function.  The entire content
-** of the file named X is read and returned as a BLOB.  NULL is returned
-** if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
-*/
-static void readfileFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const char *zName;
-  void *pBuf;
-  int nBuf;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zName==0 ) return;
-  pBuf = readFile(zName, &nBuf);
-  if( pBuf ) sqlite3_result_blob(context, pBuf, nBuf, sqlite3_free);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the "writefile(X,Y)" SQL function.  The argument Y
-** is written into file X.  The number of bytes written is returned.  Or
-** NULL is returned if something goes wrong, such as being unable to open
-** file X for writing.
-*/
-static void writefileFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  FILE *out;
-  const char *z;
-  sqlite3_int64 rc;
-  const char *zFile;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zFile==0 ) return;
-  out = fopen(zFile, "wb");
-  if( out==0 ) return;
-  z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]);
-  if( z==0 ){
-    rc = 0;
-  }else{
-    rc = fwrite(z, 1, sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]), out);
-  }
-  fclose(out);
-  sqlite3_result_int64(context, rc);
-}
-
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
 /*
 ** Close a single OpenSession object and release all of its associated
@@ -3480,13 +10311,57 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Try to deduce the type of file for zName based on its content.  Return
+** one of the SHELL_OPEN_* constants.
+*/
+static int deduceDatabaseType(const char *zName){
+  FILE *f = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  size_t n;
+  int rc = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
+  char zBuf[100];
+  if( f==0 ) return SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL;
+  fseek(f, -25, SEEK_END);
+  n = fread(zBuf, 25, 1, f);
+  if( n==1 && memcmp(zBuf, "Start-Of-SQLite3-", 17)==0 ){
+    rc = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
+  }else{
+    fseek(f, -22, SEEK_END);
+    n = fread(zBuf, 22, 1, f);
+    if( n==1 && zBuf[0]==0x50 && zBuf[1]==0x4b && zBuf[2]==0x05
+       && zBuf[3]==0x06 ){
+      rc = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+    }
+  }
+  fclose(f);
+  return rc;  
+}
+
+/*
 ** Make sure the database is open.  If it is not, then open it.  If
 ** the database fails to open, print an error message and exit.
 */
 static void open_db(ShellState *p, int keepAlive){
   if( p->db==0 ){
     sqlite3_initialize();
-    sqlite3_open(p->zDbFilename, &p->db);
+    if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC && access(p->zDbFilename,0)==0 ){
+      p->openMode = deduceDatabaseType(p->zDbFilename);
+    }
+    switch( p->openMode ){
+      case SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS: {
+        sqlite3_open_v2(p->zDbFilename, &p->db, 
+           SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, "apndvfs");
+        break;
+      }
+      case SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE: {
+        sqlite3_open(":memory:", &p->db);
+        break;
+      }
+      case SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC:
+      case SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL: {
+        sqlite3_open(p->zDbFilename, &p->db);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
     globalDb = p->db;
     if( p->db==0 || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_errcode(p->db) ){
       utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n",
@@ -3497,21 +10372,96 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
     sqlite3_enable_load_extension(p->db, 1);
 #endif
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "readfile", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            readfileFunc, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "writefile", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            writefileFunc, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3Func, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3Func, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3_query", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3_query", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_fileio_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_shathree_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_completion_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+    sqlite3_zipfile_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_sqlar_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+#endif
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_add_schema", 3, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            shellAddSchemaName, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_module_schema", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            shellModuleSchema, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_putsnl", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, p,
+                            shellPutsFunc, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            editFunc, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            editFunc, 0, 0);
+    if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE ){
+      char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+         "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE zip USING zipfile(%Q);", p->zDbFilename);
+      sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
+      sqlite3_free(zSql);
+    }
   }
 }
 
+#if HAVE_READLINE || HAVE_EDITLINE
+/*
+** Readline completion callbacks
+*/
+static char *readline_completion_generator(const char *text, int state){
+  static sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zRet;
+  if( state==0 ){
+    char *zSql;
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT DISTINCT candidate COLLATE nocase"
+                           "  FROM completion(%Q) ORDER BY 1", text);
+    sqlite3_prepare_v2(globalDb, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    zRet = strdup((const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0));
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    pStmt = 0;
+    zRet = 0;
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+static char **readline_completion(const char *zText, int iStart, int iEnd){
+  rl_attempted_completion_over = 1;
+  return rl_completion_matches(zText, readline_completion_generator);
+}
+
+#elif HAVE_LINENOISE
+/*
+** Linenoise completion callback
+*/
+static void linenoise_completion(const char *zLine, linenoiseCompletions *lc){
+  int nLine = strlen30(zLine);
+  int i, iStart;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zSql;
+  char zBuf[1000];
+
+  if( nLine>sizeof(zBuf)-30 ) return;
+  if( zLine[0]=='.' ) return;
+  for(i=nLine-1; i>=0 && (isalnum(zLine[i]) || zLine[i]=='_'); i--){}
+  if( i==nLine-1 ) return;
+  iStart = i+1;
+  memcpy(zBuf, zLine, iStart);
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT DISTINCT candidate COLLATE nocase"
+                         "  FROM completion(%Q,%Q) ORDER BY 1",
+                         &zLine[iStart], zLine);
+  sqlite3_prepare_v2(globalDb, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  sqlite3_exec(globalDb, "PRAGMA page_count", 0, 0, 0); /* Load the schema */
+  while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    const char *zCompletion = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
+    int nCompletion = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
+    if( iStart+nCompletion < sizeof(zBuf)-1 ){
+      memcpy(zBuf+iStart, zCompletion, nCompletion+1);
+      linenoiseAddCompletion(lc, zBuf);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Do C-language style dequoting.
 **
@@ -3573,63 +10523,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the value of a hexadecimal digit.  Return -1 if the input
-** is not a hex digit.
-*/
-static int hexDigitValue(char c){
-  if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) return c - '0';
-  if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) return c - 'a' + 10;
-  if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) return c - 'A' + 10;
-  return -1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Interpret zArg as an integer value, possibly with suffixes.
-*/
-static sqlite3_int64 integerValue(const char *zArg){
-  sqlite3_int64 v = 0;
-  static const struct { char *zSuffix; int iMult; } aMult[] = {
-    { "KiB", 1024 },
-    { "MiB", 1024*1024 },
-    { "GiB", 1024*1024*1024 },
-    { "KB",  1000 },
-    { "MB",  1000000 },
-    { "GB",  1000000000 },
-    { "K",   1000 },
-    { "M",   1000000 },
-    { "G",   1000000000 },
-  };
-  int i;
-  int isNeg = 0;
-  if( zArg[0]=='-' ){
-    isNeg = 1;
-    zArg++;
-  }else if( zArg[0]=='+' ){
-    zArg++;
-  }
-  if( zArg[0]=='0' && zArg[1]=='x' ){
-    int x;
-    zArg += 2;
-    while( (x = hexDigitValue(zArg[0]))>=0 ){
-      v = (v<<4) + x;
-      zArg++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    while( IsDigit(zArg[0]) ){
-      v = v*10 + zArg[0] - '0';
-      zArg++;
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aMult); i++){
-    if( sqlite3_stricmp(aMult[i].zSuffix, zArg)==0 ){
-      v *= aMult[i].iMult;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return isNeg? -v : v;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Interpret zArg as either an integer or a boolean value.  Return 1 or 0
 ** for TRUE and FALSE.  Return the integer value if appropriate.
 */
@@ -3675,7 +10568,7 @@
 ** recognized and do the right thing.  NULL is returned if the output
 ** filename is "off".
 */
-static FILE *output_file_open(const char *zFile){
+static FILE *output_file_open(const char *zFile, int bTextMode){
   FILE *f;
   if( strcmp(zFile,"stdout")==0 ){
     f = stdout;
@@ -3684,7 +10577,7 @@
   }else if( strcmp(zFile, "off")==0 ){
     f = 0;
   }else{
-    f = fopen(zFile, "wb");
+    f = fopen(zFile, bTextMode ? "w" : "wb");
     if( f==0 ){
       utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
     }
@@ -3708,7 +10601,7 @@
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pP);
   if( f ){
     const char *z = (const char*)pX;
-    int i = (int)strlen(z);
+    int i = strlen30(z);
     while( i>0 && z[i-1]==';' ){ i--; }
     utf8_printf(f, "%.*s;\n", i, z);
   }
@@ -3737,6 +10630,7 @@
   int n;              /* Number of bytes in z */
   int nAlloc;         /* Space allocated for z[] */
   int nLine;          /* Current line number */
+  int bNotFirst;      /* True if one or more bytes already read */
   int cTerm;          /* Character that terminated the most recent field */
   int cColSep;        /* The column separator character.  (Usually ",") */
   int cRowSep;        /* The row separator character.  (Usually "\n") */
@@ -3816,6 +10710,21 @@
       pc = c;
     }
   }else{
+    /* If this is the first field being parsed and it begins with the
+    ** UTF-8 BOM  (0xEF BB BF) then skip the BOM */
+    if( (c&0xff)==0xef && p->bNotFirst==0 ){
+      import_append_char(p, c);
+      c = fgetc(p->in);
+      if( (c&0xff)==0xbb ){
+        import_append_char(p, c);
+        c = fgetc(p->in);
+        if( (c&0xff)==0xbf ){
+          p->bNotFirst = 1;
+          p->n = 0;
+          return csv_read_one_field(p);
+        }
+      }
+    }
     while( c!=EOF && c!=cSep && c!=rSep ){
       import_append_char(p, c);
       c = fgetc(p->in);
@@ -3827,6 +10736,7 @@
     p->cTerm = c;
   }
   if( p->z ) p->z[p->n] = 0;
+  p->bNotFirst = 1;
   return p->z;
 }
 
@@ -3880,7 +10790,7 @@
   char *zInsert = 0;
   int rc;
   int i, j, n;
-  int nTable = (int)strlen(zTable);
+  int nTable = strlen30(zTable);
   int k = 0;
   int cnt = 0;
   const int spinRate = 10000;
@@ -3901,7 +10811,7 @@
   }
   sqlite3_snprintf(200+nTable,zInsert,
                    "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO \"%s\" VALUES(?", zTable);
-  i = (int)strlen(zInsert);
+  i = strlen30(zInsert);
   for(j=1; j<n; j++){
     memcpy(zInsert+i, ",?", 2);
     i += 2;
@@ -4080,7 +10990,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Change the output file back to stdout
+** Change the output file back to stdout.
+**
+** If the p->doXdgOpen flag is set, that means the output was being
+** redirected to a temporary file named by p->zTempFile.  In that case,
+** launch start/open/xdg-open on that temporary file.
 */
 static void output_reset(ShellState *p){
   if( p->outfile[0]=='|' ){
@@ -4089,6 +11003,24 @@
 #endif
   }else{
     output_file_close(p->out);
+    if( p->doXdgOpen ){
+      const char *zXdgOpenCmd =
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+      "start";
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+      "open";
+#else
+      "xdg-open";
+#endif
+      char *zCmd;
+      zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf("%s %s", zXdgOpenCmd, p->zTempFile);
+      if( system(zCmd) ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "Failed: [%s]\n", zCmd);
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(zCmd);
+      outputModePop(p);
+      p->doXdgOpen = 0;
+    }
   }
   p->outfile[0] = 0;
   p->out = stdout;
@@ -4150,20 +11082,24 @@
      { "schema size:",
        "SELECT total(length(sql)) FROM %s" },
   };
-  sqlite3_file *pFile = 0;
   int i;
   char *zSchemaTab;
   char *zDb = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "main";
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
   unsigned char aHdr[100];
   open_db(p, 0);
   if( p->db==0 ) return 1;
-  sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDb, SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER, &pFile);
-  if( pFile==0 || pFile->pMethods==0 || pFile->pMethods->xRead==0 ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-  i = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, aHdr, 100, 0);
-  if( i!=SQLITE_OK ){
+  sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,"SELECT data FROM sqlite_dbpage(?1) WHERE pgno=1",
+                     -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zDb, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW
+   && sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt,0)>100
+  ){
+    memcpy(aHdr, sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt,0), 100);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  }else{
     raw_printf(stderr, "unable to read database header\n");
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     return 1;
   }
   i = get2byteInt(aHdr+16);
@@ -4343,6 +11279,41 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Try to delete the temporary file (if there is one) and free the
+** memory used to hold the name of the temp file.
+*/
+static void clearTempFile(ShellState *p){
+  if( p->zTempFile==0 ) return;
+  if( p->doXdgOpen ) return;
+  if( shellDeleteFile(p->zTempFile) ) return;
+  sqlite3_free(p->zTempFile);
+  p->zTempFile = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Create a new temp file name with the given suffix.
+*/
+static void newTempFile(ShellState *p, const char *zSuffix){
+  clearTempFile(p);
+  sqlite3_free(p->zTempFile);
+  p->zTempFile = 0;
+  if( p->db ){
+    sqlite3_file_control(p->db, 0, SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME, &p->zTempFile);
+  }
+  if( p->zTempFile==0 ){
+    sqlite3_uint64 r;
+    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(r), &r);
+    p->zTempFile = sqlite3_mprintf("temp%llx.%s", r, zSuffix);
+  }else{
+    p->zTempFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%z.%s", p->zTempFile, zSuffix);
+  }
+  if( p->zTempFile==0 ){
+    raw_printf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** The implementation of SQL scalar function fkey_collate_clause(), used
@@ -4353,15 +11324,15 @@
 **   fkey_collate_clause('parent-tab', 'parent-col', 'child-tab', 'child-col')
 **
 ** If either of the named tables or columns do not exist, this function
-** returns an empty string. An empty string is also returned if both tables 
+** returns an empty string. An empty string is also returned if both tables
 ** and columns exist but have the same default collation sequence. Or,
 ** if both exist but the default collation sequences are different, this
 ** function returns the string " COLLATE <parent-collation>", where
 ** <parent-collation> is the default collation sequence of the parent column.
 */
 static void shellFkeyCollateClause(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  int nVal, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
@@ -4372,7 +11343,7 @@
   const char *zChildCol;
   const char *zChildSeq = 0;  /* Initialize to avoid false-positive warning */
   int rc;
-  
+
   assert( nVal==4 );
   zParent = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
   zParentCol = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
@@ -4420,10 +11391,10 @@
   **
   ** 0. The text of an SQL statement similar to:
   **
-  **      "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT rowid FROM child_table WHERE child_key=?"
+  **      "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT 1 FROM child_table WHERE child_key=?"
   **
-  **    This is the same SELECT that the foreign keys implementation needs
-  **    to run internally on child tables. If there is an index that can
+  **    This SELECT is similar to the one that the foreign keys implementation
+  **    needs to run internally on child tables. If there is an index that can
   **    be used to optimize this query, then it can also be used by the FK
   **    implementation to optimize DELETE or UPDATE statements on the parent
   **    table.
@@ -4451,7 +11422,7 @@
   */
   const char *zSql =
   "SELECT "
-    "     'EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT rowid FROM ' || quote(s.name) || ' WHERE '"
+    "     'EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT 1 FROM ' || quote(s.name) || ' WHERE '"
     "  || group_concat(quote(s.name) || '.' || quote(f.[from]) || '=?' "
     "  || fkey_collate_clause("
     "       f.[table], COALESCE(f.[to], p.[name]), s.name, f.[from]),' AND ')"
@@ -4479,7 +11450,7 @@
   const char *zGlobIPK = "SEARCH TABLE * USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)";
 
   for(i=2; i<nArg; i++){
-    int n = (int)strlen(azArg[i]);
+    int n = strlen30(azArg[i]);
     if( n>1 && sqlite3_strnicmp("-verbose", azArg[i], n)==0 ){
       bVerbose = 1;
     }
@@ -4494,7 +11465,7 @@
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
   }
-  
+
   /* Register the fkey_collate_clause() SQL function */
   rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "fkey_collate_clause", 4, SQLITE_UTF8,
       0, shellFkeyCollateClause, 0, 0
@@ -4537,9 +11508,9 @@
         raw_printf(stderr, "Error: internal error");
         break;
       }else{
-        if( bGroupByParent 
+        if( bGroupByParent
         && (bVerbose || res==0)
-        && (zPrev==0 || sqlite3_stricmp(zParent, zPrev)) 
+        && (zPrev==0 || sqlite3_stricmp(zParent, zPrev))
         ){
           raw_printf(out, "-- Parent table %s\n", zParent);
           sqlite3_free(zPrev);
@@ -4549,7 +11520,7 @@
         if( res==0 ){
           raw_printf(out, "%s%s --> %s\n", zIndent, zCI, zTarget);
         }else if( bVerbose ){
-          raw_printf(out, "%s/* no extra indexes required for %s -> %s */\n", 
+          raw_printf(out, "%s/* no extra indexes required for %s -> %s */\n",
               zIndent, zFrom, zTarget
           );
         }
@@ -4582,7 +11553,7 @@
   int nArg                        /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
 ){
   int n;
-  n = (nArg>=2 ? (int)strlen(azArg[1]) : 0);
+  n = (nArg>=2 ? strlen30(azArg[1]) : 0);
   if( n<1 || sqlite3_strnicmp(azArg[1], "fkey-indexes", n) ) goto usage;
   return lintFkeyIndexes(pState, azArg, nArg);
 
@@ -4593,6 +11564,719 @@
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
+/*********************************************************************************
+** The ".archive" or ".ar" command.
+*/
+static void shellPrepare(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  int *pRc, 
+  const char *zSql, 
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt
+){
+  *ppStmt = 0;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      raw_printf(stderr, "sql error: %s (%d)\n", 
+          sqlite3_errmsg(db), sqlite3_errcode(db)
+      );
+      *pRc = rc;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void shellPreparePrintf(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  int *pRc, 
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
+  const char *zFmt, 
+  ...
+){
+  *ppStmt = 0;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    va_list ap;
+    char *z;
+    va_start(ap, zFmt);
+    z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( z==0 ){
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      shellPrepare(db, pRc, z, ppStmt);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void shellFinalize(
+  int *pRc, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt
+){
+  if( pStmt ){
+    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_db_handle(pStmt);
+    int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        raw_printf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      }
+      *pRc = rc;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void shellReset(
+  int *pRc, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt
+){
+  int rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_db_handle(pStmt);
+      raw_printf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    }
+    *pRc = rc;
+  }
+}
+/*
+** Structure representing a single ".ar" command.
+*/
+typedef struct ArCommand ArCommand;
+struct ArCommand {
+  u8 eCmd;                        /* An AR_CMD_* value */
+  u8 bVerbose;                    /* True if --verbose */
+  u8 bZip;                        /* True if the archive is a ZIP */
+  u8 bDryRun;                     /* True if --dry-run */
+  u8 bAppend;                     /* True if --append */
+  int nArg;                       /* Number of command arguments */
+  char *zSrcTable;                /* "sqlar", "zipfile($file)" or "zip" */
+  const char *zFile;              /* --file argument, or NULL */
+  const char *zDir;               /* --directory argument, or NULL */
+  char **azArg;                   /* Array of command arguments */
+  ShellState *p;                  /* Shell state */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database containing the archive */
+};
+
+/*
+** Print a usage message for the .ar command to stderr and return SQLITE_ERROR.
+*/
+static int arUsage(FILE *f){
+  raw_printf(f,
+"\n"
+"Usage: .ar [OPTION...] [FILE...]\n"
+"The .ar command manages sqlar archives.\n"
+"\n"
+"Examples:\n"
+"  .ar -cf archive.sar foo bar    # Create archive.sar from files foo and bar\n"
+"  .ar -tf archive.sar            # List members of archive.sar\n"
+"  .ar -xvf archive.sar           # Verbosely extract files from archive.sar\n"
+"\n"
+"Each command line must feature exactly one command option:\n"
+"  -c, --create               Create a new archive\n"
+"  -u, --update               Update or add files to an existing archive\n"
+"  -t, --list                 List contents of archive\n"
+"  -x, --extract              Extract files from archive\n"
+"\n"
+"And zero or more optional options:\n"
+"  -v, --verbose              Print each filename as it is processed\n"
+"  -f FILE, --file FILE       Operate on archive FILE (default is current db)\n"
+"  -a FILE, --append FILE     Operate on FILE opened using the apndvfs VFS\n"
+"  -C DIR, --directory DIR    Change to directory DIR to read/extract files\n"
+"  -n, --dryrun               Show the SQL that would have occurred\n"
+"\n"
+"See also: http://sqlite.org/cli.html#sqlar_archive_support\n"
+"\n"
+);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Print an error message for the .ar command to stderr and return 
+** SQLITE_ERROR.
+*/
+static int arErrorMsg(const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *z;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  raw_printf(stderr, "Error: %s (try \".ar --help\")\n", z);
+  sqlite3_free(z);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Values for ArCommand.eCmd.
+*/
+#define AR_CMD_CREATE       1
+#define AR_CMD_EXTRACT      2
+#define AR_CMD_LIST         3
+#define AR_CMD_UPDATE       4
+#define AR_CMD_HELP         5
+
+/*
+** Other (non-command) switches.
+*/
+#define AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE     6
+#define AR_SWITCH_FILE        7
+#define AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY   8
+#define AR_SWITCH_APPEND      9
+#define AR_SWITCH_DRYRUN     10
+
+static int arProcessSwitch(ArCommand *pAr, int eSwitch, const char *zArg){
+  switch( eSwitch ){
+    case AR_CMD_CREATE:
+    case AR_CMD_EXTRACT:
+    case AR_CMD_LIST:
+    case AR_CMD_UPDATE:
+    case AR_CMD_HELP:
+      if( pAr->eCmd ){
+        return arErrorMsg("multiple command options");
+      }
+      pAr->eCmd = eSwitch;
+      break;
+
+    case AR_SWITCH_DRYRUN:
+      pAr->bDryRun = 1;
+      break;
+    case AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE:
+      pAr->bVerbose = 1;
+      break;
+    case AR_SWITCH_APPEND:
+      pAr->bAppend = 1;
+      /* Fall thru into --file */
+    case AR_SWITCH_FILE:
+      pAr->zFile = zArg;
+      break;
+    case AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY:
+      pAr->zDir = zArg;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Parse the command line for an ".ar" command. The results are written into
+** structure (*pAr). SQLITE_OK is returned if the command line is parsed
+** successfully, otherwise an error message is written to stderr and 
+** SQLITE_ERROR returned.
+*/
+static int arParseCommand(
+  char **azArg,                   /* Array of arguments passed to dot command */
+  int nArg,                       /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
+  ArCommand *pAr                  /* Populate this object */
+){
+  struct ArSwitch {
+    const char *zLong;
+    char cShort;
+    u8 eSwitch;
+    u8 bArg;
+  } aSwitch[] = {
+    { "create",    'c', AR_CMD_CREATE,       0 },
+    { "extract",   'x', AR_CMD_EXTRACT,      0 },
+    { "list",      't', AR_CMD_LIST,         0 },
+    { "update",    'u', AR_CMD_UPDATE,       0 },
+    { "help",      'h', AR_CMD_HELP,         0 },
+    { "verbose",   'v', AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE,   0 },
+    { "file",      'f', AR_SWITCH_FILE,      1 },
+    { "append",    'a', AR_SWITCH_APPEND,    1 },
+    { "directory", 'C', AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY, 1 },
+    { "dryrun",    'n', AR_SWITCH_DRYRUN,    0 },
+  };
+  int nSwitch = sizeof(aSwitch) / sizeof(struct ArSwitch);
+  struct ArSwitch *pEnd = &aSwitch[nSwitch];
+
+  if( nArg<=1 ){
+    return arUsage(stderr);
+  }else{
+    char *z = azArg[1];
+    memset(pAr, 0, sizeof(ArCommand));
+
+    if( z[0]!='-' ){
+      /* Traditional style [tar] invocation */
+      int i;
+      int iArg = 2;
+      for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
+        const char *zArg = 0;
+        struct ArSwitch *pOpt;
+        for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
+          if( z[i]==pOpt->cShort ) break;
+        }
+        if( pOpt==pEnd ){
+          return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %c", z[i]);
+        }
+        if( pOpt->bArg ){
+          if( iArg>=nArg ){
+            return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %c",z[i]);
+          }
+          zArg = azArg[iArg++];
+        }
+        if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pOpt->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+      pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg;
+      if( pAr->nArg>0 ){
+        pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg];
+      }
+    }else{
+      /* Non-traditional invocation */
+      int iArg;
+      for(iArg=1; iArg<nArg; iArg++){
+        int n;
+        z = azArg[iArg];
+        if( z[0]!='-' ){
+          /* All remaining command line words are command arguments. */
+          pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg];
+          pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg;
+          break;
+        }
+        n = strlen30(z);
+
+        if( z[1]!='-' ){
+          int i;
+          /* One or more short options */
+          for(i=1; i<n; i++){
+            const char *zArg = 0;
+            struct ArSwitch *pOpt;
+            for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
+              if( z[i]==pOpt->cShort ) break;
+            }
+            if( pOpt==pEnd ){
+              return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %c\n", z[i]);
+            }
+            if( pOpt->bArg ){
+              if( i<(n-1) ){
+                zArg = &z[i+1];
+                i = n;
+              }else{
+                if( iArg>=(nArg-1) ){
+                  return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %c\n",z[i]);
+                }
+                zArg = azArg[++iArg];
+              }
+            }
+            if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pOpt->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+          }
+        }else if( z[2]=='\0' ){
+          /* A -- option, indicating that all remaining command line words
+          ** are command arguments.  */
+          pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg+1];
+          pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg-1;
+          break;
+        }else{
+          /* A long option */
+          const char *zArg = 0;             /* Argument for option, if any */
+          struct ArSwitch *pMatch = 0;      /* Matching option */
+          struct ArSwitch *pOpt;            /* Iterator */
+          for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
+            const char *zLong = pOpt->zLong;
+            if( (n-2)<=strlen30(zLong) && 0==memcmp(&z[2], zLong, n-2) ){
+              if( pMatch ){
+                return arErrorMsg("ambiguous option: %s",z);
+              }else{
+                pMatch = pOpt;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          if( pMatch==0 ){
+            return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %s", z);
+          }
+          if( pMatch->bArg ){
+            if( iArg>=(nArg-1) ){
+              return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %s", z);
+            }
+            zArg = azArg[++iArg];
+          }
+          if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pMatch->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function assumes that all arguments within the ArCommand.azArg[]
+** array refer to archive members, as for the --extract or --list commands. 
+** It checks that each of them are present. If any specified file is not
+** present in the archive, an error is printed to stderr and an error
+** code returned. Otherwise, if all specified arguments are present in
+** the archive, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+**
+** This function strips any trailing '/' characters from each argument.
+** This is consistent with the way the [tar] command seems to work on
+** Linux.
+*/
+static int arCheckEntries(ArCommand *pAr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pAr->nArg ){
+    int i, j;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pTest = 0;
+
+    shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pTest,
+        "SELECT name FROM %s WHERE name=$name", 
+        pAr->zSrcTable
+    );
+    j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pTest, "$name");
+    for(i=0; i<pAr->nArg && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+      char *z = pAr->azArg[i];
+      int n = strlen30(z);
+      int bOk = 0;
+      while( n>0 && z[n-1]=='/' ) n--;
+      z[n] = '\0';
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pTest, j, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pTest) ){
+        bOk = 1;
+      }
+      shellReset(&rc, pTest);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk==0 ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "not found in archive: %s\n", z);
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+    }
+    shellFinalize(&rc, pTest);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Format a WHERE clause that can be used against the "sqlar" table to
+** identify all archive members that match the command arguments held
+** in (*pAr). Leave this WHERE clause in (*pzWhere) before returning.
+** The caller is responsible for eventually calling sqlite3_free() on
+** any non-NULL (*pzWhere) value.
+*/
+static void arWhereClause(
+  int *pRc, 
+  ArCommand *pAr, 
+  char **pzWhere                  /* OUT: New WHERE clause */
+){
+  char *zWhere = 0;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pAr->nArg==0 ){
+      zWhere = sqlite3_mprintf("1");
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      const char *zSep = "";
+      for(i=0; i<pAr->nArg; i++){
+        const char *z = pAr->azArg[i];
+        zWhere = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "%z%s name = '%q' OR substr(name,1,%d) = '%q/'", 
+          zWhere, zSep, z, strlen30(z)+1, z
+        );
+        if( zWhere==0 ){
+          *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          break;
+        }
+        zSep = " OR ";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  *pzWhere = zWhere;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of .ar "lisT" command. 
+*/
+static int arListCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
+  const char *zSql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s"; 
+  const char *azCols[] = {
+    "name",
+    "lsmode(mode), sz, datetime(mtime, 'unixepoch'), name"
+  };
+
+  char *zWhere = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSql = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = arCheckEntries(pAr);
+  arWhereClause(&rc, pAr, &zWhere);
+
+  shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pSql, zSql, azCols[pAr->bVerbose],
+                     pAr->zSrcTable, zWhere);
+  if( pAr->bDryRun ){
+    utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
+  }else{
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
+      if( pAr->bVerbose ){
+        utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s % 10d  %s  %s\n",
+            sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0),
+            sqlite3_column_int(pSql, 1), 
+            sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 2),
+            sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 3)
+        );
+      }else{
+        utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  shellFinalize(&rc, pSql);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of .ar "eXtract" command. 
+*/
+static int arExtractCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
+  const char *zSql1 = 
+    "SELECT "
+    " ($dir || name),"
+    " writefile(($dir || name), %s, mode, mtime) "
+    "FROM %s WHERE (%s) AND (data IS NULL OR $dirOnly = 0)";
+
+  const char *azExtraArg[] = { 
+    "sqlar_uncompress(data, sz)",
+    "data"
+  };
+
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSql = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zDir = 0;
+  char *zWhere = 0;
+  int i, j;
+
+  /* If arguments are specified, check that they actually exist within
+  ** the archive before proceeding. And formulate a WHERE clause to
+  ** match them.  */
+  rc = arCheckEntries(pAr);
+  arWhereClause(&rc, pAr, &zWhere);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pAr->zDir ){
+      zDir = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/", pAr->zDir);
+    }else{
+      zDir = sqlite3_mprintf("");
+    }
+    if( zDir==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pSql, zSql1, 
+      azExtraArg[pAr->bZip], pAr->zSrcTable, zWhere
+  );
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pSql, "$dir");
+    sqlite3_bind_text(pSql, j, zDir, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+
+    /* Run the SELECT statement twice. The first time, writefile() is called
+    ** for all archive members that should be extracted. The second time,
+    ** only for the directories. This is because the timestamps for
+    ** extracted directories must be reset after they are populated (as
+    ** populating them changes the timestamp).  */
+    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
+      j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pSql, "$dirOnly");
+      sqlite3_bind_int(pSql, j, i);
+      if( pAr->bDryRun ){
+        utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
+      }else{
+        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
+          if( i==0 && pAr->bVerbose ){
+            utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      shellReset(&rc, pSql);
+    }
+    shellFinalize(&rc, pSql);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(zDir);
+  sqlite3_free(zWhere);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Run the SQL statement in zSql.  Or if doing a --dryrun, merely print it out.
+*/
+static int arExecSql(ArCommand *pAr, const char *zSql){
+  int rc;
+  if( pAr->bDryRun ){
+    utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    char *zErr = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(pAr->db, zSql, 0, 0, &zErr);
+    if( zErr ){
+      utf8_printf(stdout, "ERROR: %s\n", zErr);
+      sqlite3_free(zErr);
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of .ar "create" and "update" commands.
+**
+** Create the "sqlar" table in the database if it does not already exist.
+** Then add each file in the azFile[] array to the archive. Directories
+** are added recursively. If argument bVerbose is non-zero, a message is
+** printed on stdout for each file archived.
+**
+** The create command is the same as update, except that it drops
+** any existing "sqlar" table before beginning.
+*/
+static int arCreateOrUpdateCommand(
+  ArCommand *pAr,                 /* Command arguments and options */
+  int bUpdate                     /* true for a --create.  false for --update */
+){
+  const char *zCreate = 
+      "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sqlar(\n"
+      "  name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,  -- name of the file\n"
+      "  mode INT,               -- access permissions\n"
+      "  mtime INT,              -- last modification time\n"
+      "  sz INT,                 -- original file size\n"
+      "  data BLOB               -- compressed content\n"
+      ")";
+  const char *zDrop = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sqlar";
+  const char *zInsertFmt = 
+     "REPLACE INTO sqlar(name,mode,mtime,sz,data)\n"
+     "  SELECT\n"
+     "    %s,\n"
+     "    mode,\n"
+     "    mtime,\n"
+     "    CASE substr(lsmode(mode),1,1)\n"
+     "      WHEN '-' THEN length(data)\n"
+     "      WHEN 'd' THEN 0\n"
+     "      ELSE -1 END,\n"
+     "    CASE WHEN lsmode(mode) LIKE 'd%%' THEN NULL else data END\n"
+     "  FROM fsdir(%Q,%Q)\n"
+     "  WHERE lsmode(mode) NOT LIKE '?%%';";
+  int i;                          /* For iterating through azFile[] */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+
+  rc = arExecSql(pAr, "SAVEPOINT ar;");
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  if( bUpdate==0 ){
+    rc = arExecSql(pAr, zDrop);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  }
+  rc = arExecSql(pAr, zCreate);
+  for(i=0; i<pAr->nArg && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(zInsertFmt,
+        pAr->bVerbose ? "shell_putsnl(name)" : "name",
+        pAr->azArg[i], pAr->zDir);
+    rc = arExecSql(pAr, zSql);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    arExecSql(pAr, "ROLLBACK TO ar; RELEASE ar;");
+  }else{
+    rc = arExecSql(pAr, "RELEASE ar;");
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of ".ar" dot command.
+*/
+static int arDotCommand(
+  ShellState *pState,             /* Current shell tool state */
+  char **azArg,                   /* Array of arguments passed to dot command */
+  int nArg                        /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
+){
+  ArCommand cmd;
+  int rc;
+  memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+  rc = arParseCommand(azArg, nArg, &cmd);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int eDbType = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
+    cmd.p = pState;
+    cmd.db = pState->db;
+    if( cmd.zFile ){
+      eDbType = deduceDatabaseType(cmd.zFile);
+    }else{
+      eDbType = pState->openMode;
+    }
+    if( eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE ){
+      if( cmd.zFile==0 ){
+        cmd.zSrcTable = sqlite3_mprintf("zip");
+      }else{
+        cmd.zSrcTable = sqlite3_mprintf("zipfile(%Q)", cmd.zFile);
+      }
+      if( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_CREATE || cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "zip archives are read-only\n");
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        goto end_ar_command;
+      }
+      cmd.bZip = 1;
+    }else if( cmd.zFile ){
+      int flags;
+      if( cmd.bAppend ) eDbType = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
+      if( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_CREATE || cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE ){
+        flags = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
+      }else{
+        flags = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+      }
+      cmd.db = 0;
+      if( cmd.bDryRun ){
+        utf8_printf(pState->out, "-- open database '%s'%s\n", cmd.zFile,
+             eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS ? " using 'apndvfs'" : "");
+      }
+      rc = sqlite3_open_v2(cmd.zFile, &cmd.db, flags, 
+             eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS ? "apndvfs" : 0);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "cannot open file: %s (%s)\n", 
+            cmd.zFile, sqlite3_errmsg(cmd.db)
+        );
+        goto end_ar_command;
+      }
+      sqlite3_fileio_init(cmd.db, 0, 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+      sqlite3_sqlar_init(cmd.db, 0, 0);
+#endif
+      sqlite3_create_function(cmd.db, "shell_putsnl", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, cmd.p,
+                              shellPutsFunc, 0, 0);
+
+    }
+    if( cmd.zSrcTable==0 ){
+      if( cmd.eCmd!=AR_CMD_CREATE
+       && sqlite3_table_column_metadata(cmd.db,0,"sqlar","name",0,0,0,0,0)
+      ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "database does not contain an 'sqlar' table\n");
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        goto end_ar_command;
+      }
+      cmd.zSrcTable = sqlite3_mprintf("sqlar");
+    }
+
+    switch( cmd.eCmd ){
+      case AR_CMD_CREATE:
+        rc = arCreateOrUpdateCommand(&cmd, 0);
+        break;
+
+      case AR_CMD_EXTRACT:
+        rc = arExtractCommand(&cmd);
+        break;
+
+      case AR_CMD_LIST:
+        rc = arListCommand(&cmd);
+        break;
+
+      case AR_CMD_HELP:
+        arUsage(pState->out);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        assert( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE );
+        rc = arCreateOrUpdateCommand(&cmd, 1);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+end_ar_command:
+  if( cmd.db!=pState->db ){
+    sqlite3_close(cmd.db);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(cmd.zSrcTable);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+/* End of the ".archive" or ".ar" command logic
+**********************************************************************************/
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB) */
+
 
 /*
 ** If an input line begins with "." then invoke this routine to
@@ -4607,6 +12291,12 @@
   int rc = 0;
   char *azArg[50];
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( p->expert.pExpert ){
+    expertFinish(p, 1, 0);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Parse the input line into tokens.
   */
   while( zLine[h] && nArg<ArraySize(azArg) ){
@@ -4636,6 +12326,7 @@
   if( nArg==0 ) return 0; /* no tokens, no error */
   n = strlen30(azArg[0]);
   c = azArg[0][0];
+  clearTempFile(p);
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   if( c=='a' && strncmp(azArg[0], "auth", n)==0 ){
@@ -4653,6 +12344,13 @@
   }else
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
+  if( c=='a' && strncmp(azArg[0], "archive", n)==0 ){
+    open_db(p, 0);
+    rc = arDotCommand(p, azArg, nArg);
+  }else
+#endif
+
   if( (c=='b' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "backup", n)==0)
    || (c=='s' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "save", n)==0)
   ){
@@ -4731,6 +12429,25 @@
     }
   }else
 
+  if( c=='c' && strcmp(azArg[0],"cd")==0 ){
+    if( nArg==2 ){
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
+      wchar_t *z = sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(azArg[1]);
+      rc = !SetCurrentDirectoryW(z);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
+#else
+      rc = chdir(azArg[1]);
+#endif
+      if( rc ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "Cannot change to directory \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        rc = 1;
+      }
+    }else{
+      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .cd DIRECTORY\n");
+      rc = 1;
+    }
+  }else
+
   /* The undocumented ".breakpoint" command causes a call to the no-op
   ** routine named test_breakpoint().
   */
@@ -4764,7 +12481,7 @@
       utf8_printf(stderr,
                  "testcase-%s FAILED\n Expected: [%s]\n      Got: [%s]\n",
                  p->zTestcase, azArg[1], zRes);
-      rc = 2;
+      rc = 1;
     }else{
       utf8_printf(stdout, "testcase-%s ok\n", p->zTestcase);
       p->nCheck++;
@@ -4807,7 +12524,7 @@
     const char *zLike = 0;
     int i;
     int savedShowHeader = p->showHeader;
-    ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
+    ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid|SHFLG_Newlines);
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
       if( azArg[i][0]=='-' ){
         const char *z = azArg[i]+1;
@@ -4822,13 +12539,17 @@
           ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
 #endif
         }else
+        if( strcmp(z,"newlines")==0 ){
+          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines);
+        }else
         {
           raw_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
         }
       }else if( zLike ){
-        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .dump ?--preserve-rowids? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
+        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .dump ?--preserve-rowids? "
+                           "?--newlines? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else{
@@ -4899,12 +12620,14 @@
   if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "eqp", n)==0 ){
     if( nArg==2 ){
       if( strcmp(azArg[1],"full")==0 ){
-        p->autoEQP = 2;
+        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
+      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"trigger")==0 ){
+        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_trigger;
       }else{
         p->autoEQP = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
       }
     }else{
-      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .eqp on|off|full\n");
+      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .eqp off|on|trigger|full\n");
       rc = 1;
     }
   }else
@@ -4914,6 +12637,8 @@
     rc = 2;
   }else
 
+  /* The ".explain" command is automatic now.  It is largely pointless.  It
+  ** retained purely for backwards compatibility */
   if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "explain", n)==0 ){
     int val = 1;
     if( nArg>=2 ){
@@ -4936,6 +12661,13 @@
     }
   }else
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "expert", n)==0 ){
+    open_db(p, 0);
+    expertDotCommand(p, azArg, nArg);
+  }else
+#endif
+
   if( c=='f' && strncmp(azArg[0], "fullschema", n)==0 ){
     ShellState data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
@@ -5390,13 +13122,13 @@
     }else{
       const char *zFile = azArg[1];
       output_file_close(p->pLog);
-      p->pLog = output_file_open(zFile);
+      p->pLog = output_file_open(zFile, 0);
     }
   }else
 
   if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 ){
     const char *zMode = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "";
-    int n2 = (int)strlen(zMode);
+    int n2 = strlen30(zMode);
     int c2 = zMode[0];
     if( c2=='l' && n2>2 && strncmp(azArg[1],"lines",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Line;
@@ -5430,7 +13162,9 @@
       p->mode = MODE_Ascii;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Unit);
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Record);
-    }else {
+    }else if( nArg==1 ){
+      raw_printf(p->out, "current output mode: %s\n", modeDescr[p->mode]);
+    }else{
       raw_printf(stderr, "Error: mode should be one of: "
          "ascii column csv html insert line list quote tabs tcl\n");
       rc = 1;
@@ -5459,11 +13193,18 @@
     p->zDbFilename = 0;
     sqlite3_free(p->zFreeOnClose);
     p->zFreeOnClose = 0;
+    p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
     /* Check for command-line arguments */
     for(iName=1; iName<nArg && azArg[iName][0]=='-'; iName++){
       const char *z = azArg[iName];
       if( optionMatch(z,"new") ){
         newFlag = 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZIP
+      }else if( optionMatch(z, "zip") ){
+        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+#endif
+      }else if( optionMatch(z, "append") ){
+        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
       }else if( z[0]=='-' ){
         utf8_printf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", z);
         rc = 1;
@@ -5490,18 +13231,27 @@
     }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='o'
-   && (strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0 || strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0)
+  if( (c=='o'
+        && (strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0||strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0))
+   || (c=='e' && n==5 && strcmp(azArg[0],"excel")==0)
   ){
     const char *zFile = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "stdout";
+    int bTxtMode = 0;
+    if( azArg[0][0]=='e' ){
+      /* Transform the ".excel" command into ".once -x" */
+      nArg = 2;
+      azArg[0] = "once";
+      zFile = azArg[1] = "-x";
+      n = 4;
+    }
     if( nArg>2 ){
-      utf8_printf(stderr, "Usage: .%s FILE\n", azArg[0]);
+      utf8_printf(stderr, "Usage: .%s [-e|-x|FILE]\n", azArg[0]);
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
     if( n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0 ){
       if( nArg<2 ){
-        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .once FILE\n");
+        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .once (-e|-x|FILE)\n");
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
@@ -5510,6 +13260,21 @@
       p->outCount = 0;
     }
     output_reset(p);
+    if( zFile[0]=='-' && zFile[1]=='-' ) zFile++;
+    if( strcmp(zFile, "-e")==0 || strcmp(zFile, "-x")==0 ){
+      p->doXdgOpen = 1;
+      outputModePush(p);
+      if( zFile[1]=='x' ){
+        newTempFile(p, "csv");
+        p->mode = MODE_Csv;
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_CrLf);
+      }else{
+        newTempFile(p, "txt");
+        bTxtMode = 1;
+      }
+      zFile = p->zTempFile;
+    }
     if( zFile[0]=='|' ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_POPEN
       raw_printf(stderr, "Error: pipes are not supported in this OS\n");
@@ -5526,7 +13291,7 @@
       }
 #endif
     }else{
-      p->out = output_file_open(zFile);
+      p->out = output_file_open(zFile, bTxtMode);
       if( p->out==0 ){
         if( strcmp(zFile,"off")!=0 ){
           utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", zFile);
@@ -5643,75 +13408,113 @@
   }else
 
   if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "schema", n)==0 ){
+    ShellText sSelect;
     ShellState data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
+    const char *zDiv = "(";
+    const char *zName = 0;
+    int iSchema = 0;
+    int bDebug = 0;
+    int ii;
+
     open_db(p, 0);
     memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
     data.showHeader = 0;
     data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Semi;
-    if( nArg>=2 && optionMatch(azArg[1], "indent") ){
-      data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Pretty;
-      nArg--;
-      if( nArg==2 ) azArg[1] = azArg[2];
-    }
-    if( nArg==2 && azArg[1][0]!='-' ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=0; azArg[1][i]; i++) azArg[1][i] = ToLower(azArg[1][i]);
-      if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_master")==0 ){
-        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
-        new_argv[0] = "CREATE TABLE sqlite_master (\n"
-                      "  type text,\n"
-                      "  name text,\n"
-                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
-                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
-                      "  sql text\n"
-                      ")";
-        new_argv[1] = 0;
-        new_colv[0] = "sql";
-        new_colv[1] = 0;
-        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_temp_master")==0 ){
-        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
-        new_argv[0] = "CREATE TEMP TABLE sqlite_temp_master (\n"
-                      "  type text,\n"
-                      "  name text,\n"
-                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
-                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
-                      "  sql text\n"
-                      ")";
-        new_argv[1] = 0;
-        new_colv[0] = "sql";
-        new_colv[1] = 0;
-        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    initText(&sSelect);
+    for(ii=1; ii<nArg; ii++){
+      if( optionMatch(azArg[ii],"indent") ){
+        data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Pretty;
+      }else if( optionMatch(azArg[ii],"debug") ){
+        bDebug = 1;
+      }else if( zName==0 ){
+        zName = azArg[ii];
       }else{
-        char *zSql;
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT sql FROM "
-          "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name, rowid x"
-          "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-          "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-          "WHERE lower(tbl_name) LIKE %Q"
-          "  AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL "
-          "ORDER BY rowid", azArg[1]);
-        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
-        sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .schema ?--indent? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
+        rc = 1;
+        goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-    }else if( nArg==1 ){
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-         "SELECT sql FROM "
-         "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name, rowid x"
-         "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-         "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-         "WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-         "ORDER BY rowid",
-         callback, &data, &zErrMsg
-      );
-    }else{
-      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .schema ?--indent? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
-      rc = 1;
-      goto meta_command_exit;
+    }
+    if( zName!=0 ){
+      int isMaster = sqlite3_strlike(zName, "sqlite_master", 0)==0;
+      if( isMaster || sqlite3_strlike(zName,"sqlite_temp_master",0)==0 ){
+        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
+        new_argv[0] = sqlite3_mprintf(
+                      "CREATE TABLE %s (\n"
+                      "  type text,\n"
+                      "  name text,\n"
+                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
+                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
+                      "  sql text\n"
+                      ")", isMaster ? "sqlite_master" : "sqlite_temp_master");
+        new_argv[1] = 0;
+        new_colv[0] = "sql";
+        new_colv[1] = 0;
+        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
+        sqlite3_free(new_argv[0]);
+      }
+    }
+    if( zDiv ){
+      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, "SELECT name FROM pragma_database_list",
+                              -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      if( rc ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+        rc = 1;
+        goto meta_command_exit;
+      }
+      appendText(&sSelect, "SELECT sql FROM", 0);
+      iSchema = 0;
+      while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
+        char zScNum[30];
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zScNum), zScNum, "%d", ++iSchema);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zDiv, 0);
+        zDiv = " UNION ALL ";
+        appendText(&sSelect, "SELECT shell_add_schema(sql,", 0);
+        if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDb, "main")!=0 ){
+          appendText(&sSelect, zDb, '"');
+        }else{
+          appendText(&sSelect, "NULL", 0);
+        }
+        appendText(&sSelect, ",name) AS sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid,", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zScNum, 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, " AS snum, ", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zDb, '\'');
+        appendText(&sSelect, " AS sname FROM ", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zDb, '"');
+        appendText(&sSelect, ".sqlite_master", 0);
+      }
+      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+#ifdef SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
+      if( zName ){
+        appendText(&sSelect,
+           " UNION ALL SELECT shell_module_schema(name),"
+           " 'table', name, name, name, 9e+99, 'main' FROM pragma_module_list", 0);
+      }
+#endif
+      appendText(&sSelect, ") WHERE ", 0);
+      if( zName ){
+        char *zQarg = sqlite3_mprintf("%Q", zName);
+        if( strchr(zName, '.') ){
+          appendText(&sSelect, "lower(printf('%s.%s',sname,tbl_name))", 0);
+        }else{
+          appendText(&sSelect, "lower(tbl_name)", 0);
+        }
+        appendText(&sSelect, strchr(zName, '*') ? " GLOB " : " LIKE ", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zQarg, 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, " AND ", 0);
+        sqlite3_free(zQarg);
+      }
+      appendText(&sSelect, "type!='meta' AND sql IS NOT NULL"
+                           " ORDER BY snum, rowid", 0);
+      if( bDebug ){
+        utf8_printf(p->out, "SQL: %s;\n", sSelect.z);
+      }else{
+        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, sSelect.z, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
+      }
+      freeText(&sSelect);
     }
     if( zErrMsg ){
       utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
@@ -5954,19 +13757,11 @@
     int bIsInit = 0;         /* True to initialize the SELFTEST table */
     int bVerbose = 0;        /* Verbose output */
     int bSelftestExists;     /* True if SELFTEST already exists */
-    char **azTest = 0;       /* Content of the SELFTEST table */
-    int nRow = 0;            /* Number of rows in the SELFTEST table */
-    int nCol = 4;            /* Number of columns in the SELFTEST table */
-    int i;                   /* Loop counter */
+    int i, k;                /* Loop counters */
     int nTest = 0;           /* Number of tests runs */
     int nErr = 0;            /* Number of errors seen */
     ShellText str;           /* Answer for a query */
-    static char *azDefaultTest[] = {
-       0, 0, 0, 0,
-       "0", "memo", "Missing SELFTEST table - default checks only", "",
-       "1", "run", "PRAGMA integrity_check", "ok"
-    };
-    static const int nDefaultRow = 2;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0; /* Query against the SELFTEST table */
 
     open_db(p,0);
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
@@ -5996,70 +13791,71 @@
       createSelftestTable(p);
       bSelftestExists = 1;
     }
-    if( bSelftestExists ){
-      rc = sqlite3_get_table(p->db, 
-          "SELECT tno,op,cmd,ans FROM selftest ORDER BY tno",
-          &azTest, &nRow, &nCol, 0);
+    initText(&str);
+    appendText(&str, "x", 0);
+    for(k=bSelftestExists; k>=0; k--){
+      if( k==1 ){
+        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,
+            "SELECT tno,op,cmd,ans FROM selftest ORDER BY tno",
+            -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      }else{
+        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,
+          "VALUES(0,'memo','Missing SELFTEST table - default checks only',''),"
+          "      (1,'run','PRAGMA integrity_check','ok')",
+          -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      }
       if( rc ){
         raw_printf(stderr, "Error querying the selftest table\n");
         rc = 1;
-        sqlite3_free_table(azTest);
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
         goto meta_command_exit;
-      }else if( nRow==0 ){
-        sqlite3_free_table(azTest);
-        azTest = azDefaultTest;
-        nRow = nDefaultRow;
       }
-    }else{
-      azTest = azDefaultTest;
-      nRow = nDefaultRow;
-    }
-    initText(&str);
-    appendText(&str, "x", 0);
-    for(i=1; i<=nRow; i++){
-      int tno = atoi(azTest[i*nCol]);
-      const char *zOp = azTest[i*nCol+1];
-      const char *zSql = azTest[i*nCol+2];
-      const char *zAns = azTest[i*nCol+3];
-  
-      if( bVerbose>0 ){
-        char *zQuote = sqlite3_mprintf("%q", zSql);
-        printf("%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
-        sqlite3_free(zQuote);
-      }
-      if( strcmp(zOp,"memo")==0 ){
-        utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
-      }else
-      if( strcmp(zOp,"run")==0 ){
-        char *zErrMsg = 0;
-        str.n = 0;
-        str.z[0] = 0;
-        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, captureOutputCallback, &str, &zErrMsg);
-        nTest++;
-        if( bVerbose ){
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "Result: %s\n", str.z);
+      for(i=1; sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW; i++){
+        int tno = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
+        const char *zOp = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
+        const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 2);
+        const char *zAns = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 3);
+
+        k = 0;
+        if( bVerbose>0 ){
+          char *zQuote = sqlite3_mprintf("%q", zSql);
+          printf("%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
+          sqlite3_free(zQuote);
         }
-        if( rc || zErrMsg ){
-          nErr++;
+        if( strcmp(zOp,"memo")==0 ){
+          utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
+        }else
+        if( strcmp(zOp,"run")==0 ){
+          char *zErrMsg = 0;
+          str.n = 0;
+          str.z[0] = 0;
+          rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, captureOutputCallback, &str, &zErrMsg);
+          nTest++;
+          if( bVerbose ){
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "Result: %s\n", str.z);
+          }
+          if( rc || zErrMsg ){
+            nErr++;
+            rc = 1;
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc, zErrMsg);
+            sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
+          }else if( strcmp(zAns,str.z)!=0 ){
+            nErr++;
+            rc = 1;
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
+          }
+        }else
+        {
+          utf8_printf(stderr,
+            "Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
           rc = 1;
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc, zErrMsg);
-          sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-        }else if( strcmp(zAns,str.z)!=0 ){
-          nErr++;
-          rc = 1;
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
+          break;
         }
-      }else
-      {
-        utf8_printf(stderr,
-          "Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
-        rc = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+      } /* End loop over rows of content from SELFTEST */
+      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    } /* End loop over k */
     freeText(&str);
-    if( azTest!=azDefaultTest ) sqlite3_free_table(azTest);
     utf8_printf(p->out, "%d errors out of %d tests\n", nErr, nTest);
   }else
 
@@ -6099,8 +13895,8 @@
         if( strcmp(z,"schema")==0 ){
           bSchema = 1;
         }else
-        if( strcmp(z,"sha3-224")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-256")==0 
-         || strcmp(z,"sha3-384")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-512")==0 
+        if( strcmp(z,"sha3-224")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-256")==0
+         || strcmp(z,"sha3-384")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-512")==0
         ){
           iSize = atoi(&z[5]);
         }else
@@ -6215,7 +14011,7 @@
   }else
 
   if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "show", n)==0 ){
-    static const char *azBool[] = { "off", "on", "full", "unk" };
+    static const char *azBool[] = { "off", "on", "trigger", "full"};
     int i;
     if( nArg!=1 ){
       raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .show\n");
@@ -6268,59 +14064,47 @@
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
     char **azResult;
     int nRow, nAlloc;
-    char *zSql = 0;
     int ii;
+    ShellText s;
+    initText(&s);
     open_db(p, 0);
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pStmt, 0);
     if( rc ) return shellDatabaseError(p->db);
 
-    /* Create an SQL statement to query for the list of tables in the
-    ** main and all attached databases where the table name matches the
-    ** LIKE pattern bound to variable "?1". */
-    if( c=='t' ){
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master"
-          " WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
-          "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
-          "   AND name LIKE ?1");
-    }else if( nArg>2 ){
+    if( nArg>2 && c=='i' ){
       /* It is an historical accident that the .indexes command shows an error
       ** when called with the wrong number of arguments whereas the .tables
       ** command does not. */
       raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .indexes ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
-    }else{
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master"
-          " WHERE type='index'"
-          "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1");
     }
-    for(ii=0; zSql && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW; ii++){
+    for(ii=0; sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW; ii++){
       const char *zDbName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
-      if( zDbName==0 || ii==0 ) continue;
-      if( c=='t' ){
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-                 "%z UNION ALL "
-                 "SELECT '%q.' || name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
-                 " WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
-                 "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
-                 "   AND name LIKE ?1", zSql, zDbName, zDbName);
+      if( zDbName==0 ) continue;
+      if( s.z && s.z[0] ) appendText(&s, " UNION ALL ", 0);
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDbName, "main")==0 ){
+        appendText(&s, "SELECT name FROM ", 0);
       }else{
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-                 "%z UNION ALL "
-                 "SELECT '%q.' || name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
-                 " WHERE type='index'"
-                 "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", zSql, zDbName, zDbName);
+        appendText(&s, "SELECT ", 0);
+        appendText(&s, zDbName, '\'');
+        appendText(&s, "||'.'||name FROM ", 0);
+      }
+      appendText(&s, zDbName, '"');
+      appendText(&s, ".sqlite_master ", 0);
+      if( c=='t' ){
+        appendText(&s," WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
+                      "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'"
+                      "   AND name LIKE ?1", 0);
+      }else{
+        appendText(&s," WHERE type='index'"
+                      "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", 0);
       }
     }
     rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    if( zSql && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("%z ORDER BY 1", zSql);
-      if( zSql ) rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-    if( !zSql ) return shellNomemError();
+    appendText(&s, " ORDER BY 1", 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, s.z, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    freeText(&s);
     if( rc ) return shellDatabaseError(p->db);
 
     /* Run the SQL statement prepared by the above block. Store the results
@@ -6384,7 +14168,7 @@
   /* Begin redirecting output to the file "testcase-out.txt" */
   if( c=='t' && strcmp(azArg[0],"testcase")==0 ){
     output_reset(p);
-    p->out = output_file_open("testcase-out.txt");
+    p->out = output_file_open("testcase-out.txt", 0);
     if( p->out==0 ){
       raw_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open 'testcase-out.txt'\n");
     }
@@ -6396,50 +14180,80 @@
   }else
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
-  if( c=='t' && n>=8 && strncmp(azArg[0], "testctrl", n)==0 && nArg>=2 ){
+  if( c=='t' && n>=8 && strncmp(azArg[0], "testctrl", n)==0 ){
     static const struct {
        const char *zCtrlName;   /* Name of a test-control option */
        int ctrlCode;            /* Integer code for that option */
+       const char *zUsage;      /* Usage notes */
     } aCtrl[] = {
-      { "prng_save",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE              },
-      { "prng_restore",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE           },
-      { "prng_reset",            SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET             },
-      { "bitvec_test",           SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST            },
-      { "fault_install",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL          },
-      { "benign_malloc_hooks",   SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS    },
-      { "pending_byte",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE           },
-      { "assert",                SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                 },
-      { "always",                SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                 },
-      { "reserve",               SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                },
-      { "optimizations",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS          },
-      { "iskeyword",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD              },
-      { "scratchmalloc",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC          },
-      { "byteorder",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER              },
-      { "never_corrupt",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT          },
-      { "imposter",              SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER               },
+      { "always",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS,        "BOOLEAN"            },
+      { "assert",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT,        "BOOLEAN"            },
+    /*{ "benign_malloc_hooks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, ""          },*/
+    /*{ "bitvec_test",        SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST,   ""                },*/
+      { "byteorder",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER,     ""                   },
+    /*{ "fault_install",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL, ""                }, */
+      { "imposter",           SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER,   "SCHEMA ON/OFF ROOTPAGE"},
+#ifdef SQLITE_N_KEYWORD
+      { "iskeyword",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD,     "IDENTIFIER"         },
+#endif
+      { "localtime_fault",    SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT,"BOOLEAN"           },
+      { "never_corrupt",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT, "BOOLEAN"            },
+      { "optimizations",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, "DISABLE-MASK"       },
+#ifdef YYCOVERAGE
+      { "parser_coverage",    SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE, ""                 },
+#endif
+      { "pending_byte",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE,  "OFFSET  "           },
+      { "prng_reset",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET,    ""                   },
+      { "prng_restore",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE,  ""                   },
+      { "prng_save",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE,     ""                   },
+      { "reserve",            SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE,       "BYTES-OF-RESERVE"   },
     };
     int testctrl = -1;
-    int rc2 = 0;
+    int iCtrl = -1;
+    int rc2 = 0;    /* 0: usage.  1: %d  2: %x  3: no-output */
+    int isOk = 0;
     int i, n2;
+    const char *zCmd = 0;
+
     open_db(p, 0);
+    zCmd = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "help";
+
+    /* The argument can optionally begin with "-" or "--" */
+    if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ){
+      zCmd++;
+      if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ) zCmd++;
+    }
+
+    /* --help lists all test-controls */
+    if( strcmp(zCmd,"help")==0 ){
+      utf8_printf(p->out, "Available test-controls:\n");
+      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
+        utf8_printf(p->out, "  .testctrl %s %s\n",
+                    aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
+      }
+      rc = 1;
+      goto meta_command_exit;
+    }
 
     /* convert testctrl text option to value. allow any unique prefix
     ** of the option name, or a numerical value. */
-    n2 = strlen30(azArg[1]);
+    n2 = strlen30(zCmd);
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
-      if( strncmp(azArg[1], aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, n2)==0 ){
+      if( strncmp(zCmd, aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, n2)==0 ){
         if( testctrl<0 ){
           testctrl = aCtrl[i].ctrlCode;
+          iCtrl = i;
         }else{
-          utf8_printf(stderr, "ambiguous option name: \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
-          testctrl = -1;
-          break;
+          utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: ambiguous test-control: \"%s\"\n"
+                              "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
+          rc = 1;
+          goto meta_command_exit;
         }
       }
     }
-    if( testctrl<0 ) testctrl = (int)integerValue(azArg[1]);
-    if( (testctrl<SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST) || (testctrl>SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST) ){
-      utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: invalid testctrl option: %s\n", azArg[1]);
+    if( testctrl<0 ){
+      utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: unknown test-control: %s\n"
+                         "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
     }else{
       switch(testctrl){
 
@@ -6449,10 +14263,7 @@
           if( nArg==3 ){
             int opt = (int)strtol(azArg[2], 0, 0);
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, p->db, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes a single int option\n",
-                    azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
@@ -6463,10 +14274,7 @@
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER:
           if( nArg==2 ){
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes no options\n",
-                        azArg[1]);
+            isOk = testctrl==SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER ? 1 : 3;
           }
           break;
 
@@ -6475,24 +14283,27 @@
           if( nArg==3 ){
             unsigned int opt = (unsigned int)integerValue(azArg[2]);
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes a single unsigned"
-                           " int option\n", azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
         /* sqlite3_test_control(int, int) */
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT:
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS:
+          if( nArg==3 ){
+            int opt = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
+            rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
+            isOk = 1;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        /* sqlite3_test_control(int, int) */
+        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT:
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT:
           if( nArg==3 ){
             int opt = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes a single int option\n",
-                            azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
@@ -6502,11 +14313,7 @@
           if( nArg==3 ){
             const char *opt = azArg[2];
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,
-                        "Error: testctrl %s takes a single char * option\n",
-                        azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 1;
           }
           break;
 #endif
@@ -6517,23 +14324,27 @@
                           azArg[2],
                           integerValue(azArg[3]),
                           integerValue(azArg[4]));
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          }else{
-            raw_printf(stderr,"Usage: .testctrl imposter dbName onoff tnum\n");
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST:
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL:
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS:
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC:
-        default:
-          utf8_printf(stderr,
-                      "Error: CLI support for testctrl %s not implemented\n",
-                      azArg[1]);
-          break;
+#ifdef YYCOVERAGE
+        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE:
+          if( nArg==2 ){
+            sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, p->out);
+            isOk = 3;
+          }
+#endif
       }
     }
+    if( isOk==0 && iCtrl>=0 ){
+      utf8_printf(p->out, "Usage: .testctrl %s %s\n", zCmd, aCtrl[iCtrl].zUsage);
+      rc = 1;
+    }else if( isOk==1 ){
+      raw_printf(p->out, "%d\n", rc2);
+    }else if( isOk==2 ){
+      raw_printf(p->out, "0x%08x\n", rc2);
+    }
   }else
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */
 
@@ -6563,7 +14374,7 @@
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
     output_file_close(p->traceOut);
-    p->traceOut = output_file_open(azArg[1]);
+    p->traceOut = output_file_open(azArg[1], 0);
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT)
     if( p->traceOut==0 ){
       sqlite3_trace_v2(p->db, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -6587,8 +14398,7 @@
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3],
-                                    (int)strlen(azArg[3]));
+      rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]));
       if( rc ){
         utf8_printf(stderr, "Authentication failed for user %s\n", azArg[2]);
         rc = 1;
@@ -6599,8 +14409,7 @@
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2],
-                            azArg[3], (int)strlen(azArg[3]),
+      rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                             booleanValue(azArg[4]));
       if( rc ){
         raw_printf(stderr, "User-Add failed: %d\n", rc);
@@ -6612,8 +14421,7 @@
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2],
-                              azArg[3], (int)strlen(azArg[3]),
+      rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                               booleanValue(azArg[4]));
       if( rc ){
         raw_printf(stderr, "User-Edit failed: %d\n", rc);
@@ -6641,6 +14449,20 @@
   if( c=='v' && strncmp(azArg[0], "version", n)==0 ){
     utf8_printf(p->out, "SQLite %s %s\n" /*extra-version-info*/,
         sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
+#if SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "zlib version %s\n", zlibVersion());
+#endif
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__) "\n");
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER) "\n");
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "gcc-" __VERSION__ "\n");
+#endif
   }else
 
   if( c=='v' && strncmp(azArg[0], "vfsinfo", n)==0 ){
@@ -6896,6 +14718,8 @@
       if( p->outCount ){
         output_reset(p);
         p->outCount = 0;
+      }else{
+        clearTempFile(p);
       }
     }else if( nSql && _all_whitespace(zSql) ){
       if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo) ) printf("%s\n", zSql);
@@ -7045,7 +14869,7 @@
   "   -newline SEP         set output row separator. Default: '\\n'\n"
   "   -nullvalue TEXT      set text string for NULL values. Default ''\n"
   "   -pagecache SIZE N    use N slots of SZ bytes each for page cache memory\n"
-  "   -scratch SIZE N      use N slots of SZ bytes each for scratch memory\n"
+  "   -quote               set output mode to 'quote'\n"
   "   -separator SEP       set output column separator. Default: '|'\n"
   "   -stats               print memory stats before each finalize\n"
   "   -version             show SQLite version\n"
@@ -7148,7 +14972,7 @@
   stdout_is_console = isatty(1);
 
 #if USE_SYSTEM_SQLITE+0!=1
-  if( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)!=0 ){
+  if( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,60)!=0 ){
     utf8_printf(stderr, "SQLite header and source version mismatch\n%s\n%s\n",
             sqlite3_sourceid(), SQLITE_SOURCE_ID);
     exit(1);
@@ -7178,6 +15002,8 @@
   */
 #ifdef SIGINT
   signal(SIGINT, interrupt_handler);
+#elif (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+  SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ConsoleCtrlHandler, TRUE);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_DBNAME_PROC
@@ -7243,16 +15069,6 @@
 #else
       (void)cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
 #endif
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-scratch")==0 ){
-      int n, sz;
-      sz = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
-      if( sz>400000 ) sz = 400000;
-      if( sz<2500 ) sz = 2500;
-      n = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
-      if( n>10 ) n = 10;
-      if( n<1 ) n = 1;
-      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, malloc(n*sz+1), sz, n);
-      data.shellFlgs |= SHFLG_Scratch;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
       int n, sz;
       sz = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
@@ -7297,6 +15113,12 @@
         utf8_printf(stderr, "no such VFS: \"%s\"\n", argv[i]);
         exit(1);
       }
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZIP
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+#endif
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
     }
   }
   if( data.zDbFilename==0 ){
@@ -7309,6 +15131,7 @@
 #endif
   }
   data.out = stdout;
+  sqlite3_appendvfs_init(0,0,0);
 
   /* Go ahead and open the database file if it already exists.  If the
   ** file does not exist, delay opening it.  This prevents empty database
@@ -7340,6 +15163,8 @@
       data.mode = MODE_Html;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-list")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_List;
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-quote")==0 ){
+      data.mode = MODE_Quote;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-line")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_Line;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-column")==0 ){
@@ -7347,6 +15172,12 @@
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-csv")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_Csv;
       memcpy(data.colSeparator,",",2);
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZIP
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+#endif
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-ascii")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_Ascii;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.colSeparator), data.colSeparator,
@@ -7369,9 +15200,9 @@
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-echo")==0 ){
       ShellSetFlag(&data, SHFLG_Echo);
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-eqp")==0 ){
-      data.autoEQP = 1;
+      data.autoEQP = AUTOEQP_on;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-eqpfull")==0 ){
-      data.autoEQP = 2;
+      data.autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-stats")==0 ){
       data.statsOn = 1;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-scanstats")==0 ){
@@ -7394,8 +15225,6 @@
       stdin_is_interactive = 0;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-heap")==0 ){
       i++;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-scratch")==0 ){
-      i+=2;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
       i+=2;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-lookaside")==0 ){
@@ -7491,9 +15320,14 @@
         }
       }
       if( zHistory ){ shell_read_history(zHistory); }
+#if HAVE_READLINE || HAVE_EDITLINE
+      rl_attempted_completion_function = readline_completion;
+#elif HAVE_LINENOISE
+      linenoiseSetCompletionCallback(linenoise_completion);
+#endif
       rc = process_input(&data, 0);
       if( zHistory ){
-        shell_stifle_history(100);
+        shell_stifle_history(2000);
         shell_write_history(zHistory);
         free(zHistory);
       }
@@ -7508,6 +15342,9 @@
   }
   sqlite3_free(data.zFreeOnClose);
   find_home_dir(1);
+  output_reset(&data);
+  data.doXdgOpen = 0;
+  clearTempFile(&data);
 #if !SQLITE_SHELL_IS_UTF8
   for(i=0; i<argc; i++) sqlite3_free(argv[i]);
   sqlite3_free(argv);
diff --git a/dist/orig/sqlite3.c b/dist/orig/sqlite3.c
index 1a487bc..8e495f1 100644
--- a/dist/orig/sqlite3.c
+++ b/dist/orig/sqlite3.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 ** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.19.4.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
+** version 3.22.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
 ** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
 ** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
 ** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
@@ -22,6 +22,761 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE
 # define SQLITE_PRIVATE static
 #endif
+/************** Begin file ctime.c *******************************************/
+/*
+** 2010 February 23
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements routines used to report what compile-time options
+** SQLite was built with.
+*/
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+
+/*
+** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
+** autoconf-based build
+*/
+#if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
+#include "config.h"
+#define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
+#endif
+
+/* These macros are provided to "stringify" the value of the define
+** for those options in which the value is meaningful. */
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
+
+/*
+** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should 
+** be sorted A-Z.
+**
+** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
+** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
+** rather short and uses little memory space.
+*/
+static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
+
+/* 
+** BEGIN CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl 
+*/
+#if SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
+  "32BIT_ROWID",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
+  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
+  "64BIT_STATS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
+  "ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
+  "ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
+  "BITMASK_TYPE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819
+  "BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
+  "CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
+  "CHECK_PAGES",
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
+  "COMPILER=clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__),
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+  "COMPILER=msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER),
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
+  "COMPILER=gcc-" __VERSION__,
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
+  "COVERAGE_TEST",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEBUG
+  "DEBUG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
+  "DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM
+  "DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_CKPTFULLFSYNC
+  "DEFAULT_CKPTFULLFSYNC",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
+  "DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS
+  "DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS
+  "DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT
+  "DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
+  "DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE
+  "DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS
+  "DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
+  "DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS
+  "DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
+  "DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST
+  "DEFAULT_ROWEST=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
+  "DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT
+  "DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
+  "DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
+  "DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
+  "DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
+  "DISABLE_DIRSYNC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS3_UNICODE
+  "DISABLE_FTS3_UNICODE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED
+  "DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC
+  "DISABLE_INTRINSIC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
+  "DISABLE_LFS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS
+  "DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
+  "DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
+  "ENABLE_8_3_NAMES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  "ENABLE_API_ARMOR",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
+  "ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
+  "ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
+  "ENABLE_CEROD",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+  "ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK
+  "ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
+  "ENABLE_COSTMULT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
+  "ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
+  "ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
+  "ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
+  "ENABLE_FTS1",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
+  "ENABLE_FTS2",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
+  "ENABLE_FTS3",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
+  "ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER
+  "ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
+  "ENABLE_FTS4",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
+  "ENABLE_FTS5",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
+  "ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
+  "ENABLE_ICU",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
+  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
+  "ENABLE_JSON1",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
+  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
+  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
+  "ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
+  "ENABLE_MEMSYS3",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
+  "ENABLE_MEMSYS5",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX
+  "ENABLE_MULTIPLEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
+  "ENABLE_NULL_TRIM",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK
+  "ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+  "ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_QPSG
+  "ENABLE_QPSG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_RBU
+  "ENABLE_RBU",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+  "ENABLE_RTREE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE
+  "ENABLE_SELECTTRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION
+  "ENABLE_SESSION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
+  "ENABLE_SNAPSHOT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
+  "ENABLE_SQLLOG",
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
+  "ENABLE_STAT4",
+#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
+  "ENABLE_STAT3",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+  "ENABLE_STMTVTAB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
+  "ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
+  "ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
+  "ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  "ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR
+  "ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_VFSTRACE
+  "ENABLE_VFSTRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE
+  "ENABLE_WHERETRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
+  "ENABLE_ZIPVFS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS
+  "EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_EXTRA_IFNULLROW
+  "EXTRA_IFNULLROW",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
+  "EXTRA_INIT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN
+  "EXTRA_SHUTDOWN=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
+  "FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_FTS5_ENABLE_TEST_MI
+  "FTS5_ENABLE_TEST_MI",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID
+  "FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
+  "HAS_CODEC",
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ISNAN || SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
+  "HAVE_ISNAN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
+  "HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS
+  "IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
+  "IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
+  "INLINE_MEMCPY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
+  "INT64_TYPE",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX
+  "INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
+  "LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
+  "LOCK_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_LOG_CACHE_SPILL
+  "LOG_CACHE_SPILL",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT
+  "MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED
+  "MAX_ATTACHED=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
+  "MAX_COLUMN=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  "MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
+  "MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
+  "MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG
+  "MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
+  "MAX_LENGTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH
+  "MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY
+  "MAX_MEMORY=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
+  "MAX_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_
+  "MAX_MMAP_SIZE_=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT
+  "MAX_PAGE_COUNT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
+  "MAX_PAGE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY
+  "MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH
+  "MAX_SQL_LENGTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH
+  "MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
+  "MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP
+  "MAX_VDBE_OP=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
+  "MAX_WORKER_THREADS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
+  "MEMDEBUG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
+  "MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE
+  "MMAP_READWRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+  "MUTEX_NOOP",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_NREF
+  "MUTEX_NREF",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
+  "MUTEX_OMIT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
+  "MUTEX_PTHREADS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
+  "MUTEX_W32",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
+  "NEED_ERR_NAME",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_NOINLINE
+  "NOINLINE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_NO_SYNC
+  "NO_SYNC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+  "OMIT_ALTERTABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
+  "OMIT_ANALYZE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
+  "OMIT_ATTACH",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+  "OMIT_AUTHORIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
+  "OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  "OMIT_AUTOINIT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
+  "OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET
+  "OMIT_AUTORESET",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+  "OMIT_AUTOVACUUM",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
+  "OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
+  "OMIT_BTREECOUNT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
+  "OMIT_CAST",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
+  "OMIT_CHECK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
+  "OMIT_COMPLETE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  "OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CONFLICT_CLAUSE
+  "OMIT_CONFLICT_CLAUSE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
+  "OMIT_CTE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
+  "OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
+  "OMIT_DECLTYPE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+  "OMIT_DEPRECATED",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
+  "OMIT_DISKIO",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
+  "OMIT_EXPLAIN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+  "OMIT_FLOATING_POINT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+  "OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
+  "OMIT_GET_TABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER
+  "OMIT_HEX_INTEGER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+  "OMIT_INCRBLOB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
+  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
+  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
+  "OMIT_LOCALTIME",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
+  "OMIT_LOOKASIDE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
+  "OMIT_MEMORYDB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER_TRACE
+  "OMIT_PARSER_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_POPEN
+  "OMIT_POPEN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
+  "OMIT_PRAGMA",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
+  "OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
+  "OMIT_QUICKBALANCE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+  "OMIT_REINDEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
+  "OMIT_SHARED_CACHE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SHUTDOWN_DIRECTORIES
+  "OMIT_SHUTDOWN_DIRECTORIES",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+  "OMIT_SUBQUERY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
+  "OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
+  "OMIT_TEMPDB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TEST_CONTROL
+  "OMIT_TEST_CONTROL",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
+  "OMIT_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+  "OMIT_TRIGGER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
+  "OMIT_UTF16",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
+  "OMIT_VACUUM",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+  "OMIT_VIEW",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  "OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  "OMIT_WAL",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
+  "OMIT_WSD",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
+  "OMIT_XFER_OPT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER
+  "PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
+  "PERFORMANCE_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
+  "POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING
+  "PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
+  "PROXY_DEBUG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_REVERSE_UNORDERED_SELECTS
+  "REVERSE_UNORDERED_SELECTS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
+  "RTREE_INT_ONLY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
+  "SECURE_DELETE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SMALL_STACK
+  "SMALL_STACK",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ
+  "SORTER_PMASZ=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SOUNDEX
+  "SOUNDEX",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES
+  "STAT4_SAMPLES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL
+  "STMTJRNL_SPILL=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SUBSTR_COMPATIBILITY
+  "SUBSTR_COMPATIBILITY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
+  "SYSTEM_MALLOC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_TCL
+  "TCL",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
+  "TEMP_STORE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_TEST
+  "TEST",
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
+  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_THREADSAFE),
+#elif defined(THREADSAFE)
+  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(THREADSAFE),
+#else
+  "THREADSAFE=1",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_UNLINK_AFTER_CLOSE
+  "UNLINK_AFTER_CLOSE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
+  "UNTESTABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
+  "USER_AUTHENTICATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
+  "USE_ALLOCA",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE
+  "USE_FCNTL_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USE_URI
+  "USE_URI",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
+  "VDBE_COVERAGE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
+  "WIN32_MALLOC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
+  "ZERO_MALLOC",
+#endif
+/* 
+** END CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl 
+*/
+};
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
+  *pnOpt = sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt) / sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt[0]);
+  return (const char**)sqlite3azCompileOpt;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
+
+/************** End of ctime.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file sqliteInt.h ***************************************/
 /*
 ** 2001 September 15
@@ -76,14 +831,6 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Make sure that rand_s() is available on Windows systems with MSVC 2005
-** or higher.
-*/
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
-#  define _CRT_RAND_S
-#endif
-
-/*
 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
@@ -276,7 +1023,7 @@
 /************** Include sqlite3.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***************/
 /************** Begin file sqlite3.h *****************************************/
 /*
-** 2001 September 15
+** 2001-09-15
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -392,15 +1139,17 @@
 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
-** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.
+** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
+** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
+** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.19.4"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3019004
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 17:05:48 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.22.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3022000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -416,7 +1165,7 @@
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
+** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
 **
@@ -426,9 +1175,11 @@
 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
+** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
+** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
+** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
@@ -694,7 +1445,7 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
@@ -709,7 +1460,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
+#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
@@ -717,7 +1468,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
+#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
@@ -743,6 +1494,8 @@
 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
 */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
@@ -786,6 +1539,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
@@ -1404,12 +2159,18 @@
 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
 **
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
+** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
+** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
+** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
+** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
+** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
+** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
+** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
+** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
+** Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
+** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
+** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
@@ -1937,6 +2698,16 @@
 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
+** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
+** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
+** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
+** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
+** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
+** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
+** </dd>
+**
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
@@ -1954,25 +2725,7 @@
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
-** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
-** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
-** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
-** times the database page size.
-** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
-** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
-** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
-** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
-** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
-** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
+** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
@@ -2008,8 +2761,7 @@
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
-** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
@@ -2202,7 +2954,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
@@ -2223,6 +2975,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2330,7 +3083,26 @@
 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 ** </dd>
-**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
+** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
+** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
+** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
+** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
+** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
+** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
+** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
+** was used during testing in the lab.
+** </dd>
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
+** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not 
+** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
+** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
+** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
+** non-zero to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written 
+** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if 
+** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.  
+** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
@@ -2340,7 +3112,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
-
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
@@ -3003,7 +3777,8 @@
 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
@@ -3200,8 +3975,8 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
 **
 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
-** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
-** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
+** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
+** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
 ** is one of the following constants.
 **
@@ -3410,10 +4185,10 @@
 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
-** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
+** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
-** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
+** URI filename interpretation is turned off
 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
 ** information.
@@ -3792,6 +4567,29 @@
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
+**
+** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
+** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
+**
+** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
+** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
+** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will 
+** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
+** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
+** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
+** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
+** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
@@ -3799,17 +4597,29 @@
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
+** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
+** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
+** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
+**
+** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
+** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
+** for special purposes.
+**
+** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
+** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
+** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
+** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
 **
 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
 **
 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
+** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
 **
 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
@@ -3836,10 +4646,11 @@
 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 **
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
+** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
+** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
+** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
+** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 ** behave differently in three ways:
@@ -3872,6 +4683,12 @@
 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
 ** </li>
+**
+** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
+** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
+** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
+** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
+** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
 ** </ol>
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
@@ -3888,6 +4705,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
@@ -3902,6 +4727,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
@@ -3909,7 +4742,8 @@
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
-** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
@@ -4028,8 +4862,9 @@
 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
+** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 */
@@ -4135,6 +4970,15 @@
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
+** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
+** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
+** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
+** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
+** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
+** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
+** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
@@ -4168,6 +5012,7 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
 
@@ -4211,8 +5056,8 @@
 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -4229,7 +5074,8 @@
 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -4383,16 +5229,18 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
 **
 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
+** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
+** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 ** interface will continue to be supported.
 **
 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
@@ -4453,10 +5301,11 @@
 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
+** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
+** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
@@ -4518,6 +5367,28 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an 
+** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the result
+** </table></blockquote>
+**
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
@@ -4539,16 +5410,29 @@
 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 **
+** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
+** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
+** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
+** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
+** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
+** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
+** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
+** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
+** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.  
+** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
+** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
 ** following a type conversion.
 **
+** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
+** of that BLOB or string.
+**
 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
@@ -4585,9 +5469,13 @@
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
+** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
+** is normally only useful within the implementation of 
+** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
+** top-level application code.
 **
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
+** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
+** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
 ** that are applied:
@@ -4659,7 +5547,7 @@
 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 ** [sqlite3_free()].
 **
@@ -4670,15 +5558,15 @@
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
@@ -4912,21 +5800,43 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 **
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.  
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
+** the native byteorder
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
+** against a virtual table.
+** </table></blockquote>
 **
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
+** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
+** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
+** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
+** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
+** is not threadsafe.
 **
 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
@@ -4937,6 +5847,24 @@
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
+** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized 
+** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
+** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
+** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
+** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() 
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
+** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
+** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
+** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
+** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
+** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
+** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
+** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
+** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
+**
 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
@@ -4945,6 +5873,19 @@
 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
 **
+** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
+** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
+** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
+** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
+** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
+** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
+** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
+** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
+** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
+** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
+**
 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
@@ -4955,18 +5896,19 @@
 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
@@ -4977,10 +5919,6 @@
 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
-**
-** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
-** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
-** input of another.
 */
 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 
@@ -5250,7 +6188,7 @@
 ** when it has finished using that result.
 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
+** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
@@ -5263,6 +6201,17 @@
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
+** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
+** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that 
+** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
+** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
+** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
+** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
+** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
+** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
@@ -5279,7 +6228,6 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
@@ -5287,6 +6235,7 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 
@@ -5946,7 +6895,9 @@
 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
-** does not.
+** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
+** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
+** undefined behavior.
 **
 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
@@ -6356,15 +7307,20 @@
 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
 */
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
@@ -7055,9 +8011,9 @@
 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
-** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
-** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
+** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 **
@@ -7069,7 +8025,7 @@
 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 ** xFileControl method.
 **
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
+** See also: [file control opcodes]
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
 
@@ -7116,7 +8072,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
@@ -7126,7 +8082,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
@@ -7175,8 +8132,7 @@
 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
@@ -7214,29 +8170,14 @@
 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
@@ -7249,12 +8190,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 
 /*
@@ -7459,6 +8400,24 @@
 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
+** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to 
+** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
+** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
+** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
+** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
+** cycle.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
+** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
+** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
+** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -7466,6 +8425,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
@@ -8376,6 +9338,40 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
+**
+** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
+** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
+** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
+** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
+** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
+** understands as a "no-change" value.
+**
+** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
+** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
+** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
+** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
+** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
+** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
+**
+** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
+** method of a [virtual table]. 
+**
+** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
+** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
+** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
+** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer 
+** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
+** constraint.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
 **
@@ -9102,6 +10098,35 @@
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
+**
+** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
+**
+** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to 
+** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)  
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are 
+** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes 
+** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
+** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
+** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
+** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
+** concat() and similar.
+**
+** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the 
+** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
+** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
+** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset 
+** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
+** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
+** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
+**
+** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
+** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
+** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
+** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
@@ -9330,8 +10355,8 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
-  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
-  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
+  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
+  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
 );
 
 /*
@@ -10098,12 +11123,12 @@
 **
 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
 ** </table>
 **
 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
@@ -10832,8 +11857,9 @@
 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
 ** autoconf-based build
 */
-#ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
-#include "config.h"
+#if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
+/* #include "config.h" */
+#define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
 #endif
 
 /************** Include sqliteLimit.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***********/
@@ -11143,6 +12169,11 @@
 **
 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
 ** We support that for legacy.
+**
+** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
+** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
+** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
+** also be updated there.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
@@ -11318,6 +12349,21 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
+** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
+** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
+**
+** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
+#else
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
@@ -11511,63 +12557,63 @@
 #define TK_AS                              24
 #define TK_WITHOUT                         25
 #define TK_COMMA                           26
-#define TK_ID                              27
-#define TK_ABORT                           28
-#define TK_ACTION                          29
-#define TK_AFTER                           30
-#define TK_ANALYZE                         31
-#define TK_ASC                             32
-#define TK_ATTACH                          33
-#define TK_BEFORE                          34
-#define TK_BY                              35
-#define TK_CASCADE                         36
-#define TK_CAST                            37
-#define TK_COLUMNKW                        38
-#define TK_CONFLICT                        39
-#define TK_DATABASE                        40
-#define TK_DESC                            41
-#define TK_DETACH                          42
-#define TK_EACH                            43
-#define TK_FAIL                            44
-#define TK_FOR                             45
-#define TK_IGNORE                          46
-#define TK_INITIALLY                       47
-#define TK_INSTEAD                         48
-#define TK_LIKE_KW                         49
-#define TK_MATCH                           50
-#define TK_NO                              51
-#define TK_KEY                             52
-#define TK_OF                              53
-#define TK_OFFSET                          54
-#define TK_PRAGMA                          55
-#define TK_RAISE                           56
-#define TK_RECURSIVE                       57
-#define TK_REPLACE                         58
-#define TK_RESTRICT                        59
-#define TK_ROW                             60
-#define TK_TRIGGER                         61
-#define TK_VACUUM                          62
-#define TK_VIEW                            63
-#define TK_VIRTUAL                         64
-#define TK_WITH                            65
-#define TK_REINDEX                         66
-#define TK_RENAME                          67
-#define TK_CTIME_KW                        68
-#define TK_ANY                             69
-#define TK_OR                              70
-#define TK_AND                             71
-#define TK_IS                              72
-#define TK_BETWEEN                         73
-#define TK_IN                              74
-#define TK_ISNULL                          75
-#define TK_NOTNULL                         76
-#define TK_NE                              77
-#define TK_EQ                              78
-#define TK_GT                              79
-#define TK_LE                              80
-#define TK_LT                              81
-#define TK_GE                              82
-#define TK_ESCAPE                          83
+#define TK_ABORT                           27
+#define TK_ACTION                          28
+#define TK_AFTER                           29
+#define TK_ANALYZE                         30
+#define TK_ASC                             31
+#define TK_ATTACH                          32
+#define TK_BEFORE                          33
+#define TK_BY                              34
+#define TK_CASCADE                         35
+#define TK_CAST                            36
+#define TK_CONFLICT                        37
+#define TK_DATABASE                        38
+#define TK_DESC                            39
+#define TK_DETACH                          40
+#define TK_EACH                            41
+#define TK_FAIL                            42
+#define TK_OR                              43
+#define TK_AND                             44
+#define TK_IS                              45
+#define TK_MATCH                           46
+#define TK_LIKE_KW                         47
+#define TK_BETWEEN                         48
+#define TK_IN                              49
+#define TK_ISNULL                          50
+#define TK_NOTNULL                         51
+#define TK_NE                              52
+#define TK_EQ                              53
+#define TK_GT                              54
+#define TK_LE                              55
+#define TK_LT                              56
+#define TK_GE                              57
+#define TK_ESCAPE                          58
+#define TK_ID                              59
+#define TK_COLUMNKW                        60
+#define TK_FOR                             61
+#define TK_IGNORE                          62
+#define TK_INITIALLY                       63
+#define TK_INSTEAD                         64
+#define TK_NO                              65
+#define TK_KEY                             66
+#define TK_OF                              67
+#define TK_OFFSET                          68
+#define TK_PRAGMA                          69
+#define TK_RAISE                           70
+#define TK_RECURSIVE                       71
+#define TK_REPLACE                         72
+#define TK_RESTRICT                        73
+#define TK_ROW                             74
+#define TK_TRIGGER                         75
+#define TK_VACUUM                          76
+#define TK_VIEW                            77
+#define TK_VIRTUAL                         78
+#define TK_WITH                            79
+#define TK_REINDEX                         80
+#define TK_RENAME                          81
+#define TK_CTIME_KW                        82
+#define TK_ANY                             83
 #define TK_BITAND                          84
 #define TK_BITOR                           85
 #define TK_LSHIFT                          86
@@ -11627,28 +12673,23 @@
 #define TK_INDEX                          140
 #define TK_ALTER                          141
 #define TK_ADD                            142
-#define TK_TO_TEXT                        143
-#define TK_TO_BLOB                        144
-#define TK_TO_NUMERIC                     145
-#define TK_TO_INT                         146
-#define TK_TO_REAL                        147
-#define TK_ISNOT                          148
-#define TK_END_OF_FILE                    149
-#define TK_UNCLOSED_STRING                150
-#define TK_FUNCTION                       151
-#define TK_COLUMN                         152
-#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   153
-#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     154
-#define TK_UMINUS                         155
-#define TK_UPLUS                          156
-#define TK_REGISTER                       157
-#define TK_VECTOR                         158
-#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  159
-#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    160
-#define TK_ASTERISK                       161
-#define TK_SPAN                           162
-#define TK_SPACE                          163
-#define TK_ILLEGAL                        164
+#define TK_ISNOT                          143
+#define TK_FUNCTION                       144
+#define TK_COLUMN                         145
+#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   146
+#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     147
+#define TK_UMINUS                         148
+#define TK_UPLUS                          149
+#define TK_REGISTER                       150
+#define TK_VECTOR                         151
+#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  152
+#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    153
+#define TK_ASTERISK                       154
+#define TK_SPAN                           155
+#define TK_END_OF_FILE                    156
+#define TK_UNCLOSED_STRING                157
+#define TK_SPACE                          158
+#define TK_ILLEGAL                        159
 
 /* The token codes above must all fit in 8 bits */
 #define TKFLG_MASK           0xff  
@@ -11733,7 +12774,6 @@
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
-# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -12043,7 +13083,6 @@
 # else
 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
 # endif
-# define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -12053,7 +13092,6 @@
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
@@ -12078,7 +13116,7 @@
 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
 */
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
 #else
 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
@@ -12197,7 +13235,6 @@
 typedef struct Schema Schema;
 typedef struct Expr Expr;
 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
-typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
 typedef struct FKey FKey;
 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
@@ -12482,6 +13519,7 @@
   struct KeyInfo*,                     /* First argument to compare function */
   BtCursor *pCursor                    /* Space to write cursor structure */
 );
+SQLITE_PRIVATE BtCursor *sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorHintFlags(BtCursor*, unsigned);
@@ -12538,10 +13576,13 @@
                        int flags, int seekResult);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int flags);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int flags);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(BtCursor*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeOffset(BtCursor*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(BtCursor*, u32 *pAmt);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(BtCursor*);
@@ -12691,7 +13732,7 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
     Expr *pExpr;           /* Used when p4type is P4_EXPR */
 #endif
-    int (*xAdvance)(BtCursor *, int *);
+    int (*xAdvance)(BtCursor *, int);
   } p4;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
   char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
@@ -12735,24 +13776,27 @@
 /*
 ** Allowed values of VdbeOp.p4type
 */
-#define P4_NOTUSED    0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
-#define P4_DYNAMIC  (-1)  /* Pointer to a string obtained from sqliteMalloc() */
-#define P4_STATIC   (-2)  /* Pointer to a static string */
-#define P4_COLLSEQ  (-3)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
-#define P4_FUNCDEF  (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
-#define P4_KEYINFO  (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
-#define P4_EXPR     (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to an Expr tree */
-#define P4_MEM      (-7)  /* P4 is a pointer to a Mem*    structure */
-#define P4_TRANSIENT  0   /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
-#define P4_VTAB     (-8) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
-#define P4_REAL     (-9) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
-#define P4_INT64    (-10) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
-#define P4_INT32    (-11) /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
-#define P4_INTARRAY (-12) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
-#define P4_SUBPROGRAM  (-13) /* P4 is a pointer to a SubProgram structure */
-#define P4_ADVANCE  (-14) /* P4 is a pointer to BtreeNext() or BtreePrev() */
-#define P4_TABLE    (-15) /* P4 is a pointer to a Table structure */
-#define P4_FUNCCTX  (-16) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object */
+#define P4_NOTUSED      0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
+#define P4_TRANSIENT    0   /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
+#define P4_STATIC     (-1)  /* Pointer to a static string */
+#define P4_COLLSEQ    (-2)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
+#define P4_INT32      (-3)  /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
+#define P4_SUBPROGRAM (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a SubProgram structure */
+#define P4_ADVANCE    (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to BtreeNext() or BtreePrev() */
+#define P4_TABLE      (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to a Table structure */
+/* Above do not own any resources.  Must free those below */
+#define P4_FREE_IF_LE (-7)
+#define P4_DYNAMIC    (-7)  /* Pointer to memory from sqliteMalloc() */
+#define P4_FUNCDEF    (-8)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
+#define P4_KEYINFO    (-9)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
+#define P4_EXPR       (-10) /* P4 is a pointer to an Expr tree */
+#define P4_MEM        (-11) /* P4 is a pointer to a Mem*    structure */
+#define P4_VTAB       (-12) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
+#define P4_REAL       (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
+#define P4_INT64      (-14) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
+#define P4_INTARRAY   (-15) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
+#define P4_FUNCCTX    (-16) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object */
+#define P4_DYNBLOB    (-17) /* Pointer to memory from sqliteMalloc() */
 
 /* Error message codes for OP_Halt */
 #define P5_ConstraintNotNull 1
@@ -12798,87 +13842,87 @@
 #define OP_Savepoint       0
 #define OP_AutoCommit      1
 #define OP_Transaction     2
-#define OP_SorterNext      3
-#define OP_PrevIfOpen      4
-#define OP_NextIfOpen      5
-#define OP_Prev            6
-#define OP_Next            7
+#define OP_SorterNext      3 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_PrevIfOpen      4 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_NextIfOpen      5 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Prev            6 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Next            7 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Checkpoint      8
 #define OP_JournalMode     9
 #define OP_Vacuum         10
-#define OP_VFilter        11 /* synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'           */
+#define OP_VFilter        11 /* jump, synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'     */
 #define OP_VUpdate        12 /* synopsis: data=r[P3@P2]                    */
-#define OP_Goto           13
-#define OP_Gosub          14
-#define OP_InitCoroutine  15
-#define OP_Yield          16
-#define OP_MustBeInt      17
-#define OP_Jump           18
+#define OP_Goto           13 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Gosub          14 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_InitCoroutine  15 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Yield          16 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_MustBeInt      17 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Jump           18 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Not            19 /* same as TK_NOT, synopsis: r[P2]= !r[P1]    */
-#define OP_Once           20
-#define OP_If             21
-#define OP_IfNot          22
-#define OP_IfNullRow      23 /* synopsis: if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2 */
-#define OP_SeekLT         24 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekLE         25 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekGE         26 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekGT         27 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_NoConflict     28 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_NotFound       29 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_Found          30 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekRowid      31 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3]                     */
-#define OP_NotExists      32 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3]                     */
-#define OP_Last           33
-#define OP_IfSmaller      34
-#define OP_SorterSort     35
-#define OP_Sort           36
-#define OP_Rewind         37
-#define OP_IdxLE          38 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_IdxGT          39 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_IdxLT          40 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_IdxGE          41 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_RowSetRead     42 /* synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)                 */
-#define OP_RowSetTest     43 /* synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2   */
-#define OP_Program        44
-#define OP_FkIfZero       45 /* synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2          */
-#define OP_IfPos          46 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
-#define OP_IfNotZero      47 /* synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
-#define OP_DecrJumpZero   48 /* synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2          */
-#define OP_IncrVacuum     49
-#define OP_VNext          50
-#define OP_Init           51 /* synopsis: Start at P2                      */
-#define OP_Return         52
-#define OP_EndCoroutine   53
-#define OP_HaltIfNull     54 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
-#define OP_Halt           55
-#define OP_Integer        56 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
-#define OP_Int64          57 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
-#define OP_String         58 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
-#define OP_Null           59 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
-#define OP_SoftNull       60 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
-#define OP_Blob           61 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
-#define OP_Variable       62 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
-#define OP_Move           63 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
-#define OP_Copy           64 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
-#define OP_SCopy          65 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
-#define OP_IntCopy        66 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
-#define OP_ResultRow      67 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
-#define OP_CollSeq        68
-#define OP_Function0      69 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
-#define OP_Or             70 /* same as TK_OR, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2]) */
-#define OP_And            71 /* same as TK_AND, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2]) */
-#define OP_Function       72 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
-#define OP_AddImm         73 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
-#define OP_RealAffinity   74
-#define OP_IsNull         75 /* same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
-#define OP_NotNull        76 /* same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
-#define OP_Ne             77 /* same as TK_NE, synopsis: IF r[P3]!=r[P1]   */
-#define OP_Eq             78 /* same as TK_EQ, synopsis: IF r[P3]==r[P1]   */
-#define OP_Gt             79 /* same as TK_GT, synopsis: IF r[P3]>r[P1]    */
-#define OP_Le             80 /* same as TK_LE, synopsis: IF r[P3]<=r[P1]   */
-#define OP_Lt             81 /* same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1]    */
-#define OP_Ge             82 /* same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1]   */
-#define OP_ElseNotEq      83 /* same as TK_ESCAPE                          */
+#define OP_Once           20 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_If             21 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfNot          22 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfNullRow      23 /* jump, synopsis: if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2 */
+#define OP_SeekLT         24 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekLE         25 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekGE         26 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekGT         27 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_NoConflict     28 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_NotFound       29 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_Found          30 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekRowid      31 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_NotExists      32 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_Last           33 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfSmaller      34 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_SorterSort     35 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Sort           36 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Rewind         37 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IdxLE          38 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxGT          39 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxLT          40 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxGE          41 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_RowSetRead     42 /* jump, synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)           */
+#define OP_Or             43 /* same as TK_OR, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2]) */
+#define OP_And            44 /* same as TK_AND, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2]) */
+#define OP_RowSetTest     45 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2 */
+#define OP_Program        46 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_FkIfZero       47 /* jump, synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_IfPos          48 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
+#define OP_IfNotZero      49 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
+#define OP_IsNull         50 /* jump, same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
+#define OP_NotNull        51 /* jump, same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
+#define OP_Ne             52 /* jump, same as TK_NE, synopsis: IF r[P3]!=r[P1] */
+#define OP_Eq             53 /* jump, same as TK_EQ, synopsis: IF r[P3]==r[P1] */
+#define OP_Gt             54 /* jump, same as TK_GT, synopsis: IF r[P3]>r[P1] */
+#define OP_Le             55 /* jump, same as TK_LE, synopsis: IF r[P3]<=r[P1] */
+#define OP_Lt             56 /* jump, same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1] */
+#define OP_Ge             57 /* jump, same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1] */
+#define OP_ElseNotEq      58 /* jump, same as TK_ESCAPE                    */
+#define OP_DecrJumpZero   59 /* jump, synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_IncrVacuum     60 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_VNext          61 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Init           62 /* jump, synopsis: Start at P2                */
+#define OP_Return         63
+#define OP_EndCoroutine   64
+#define OP_HaltIfNull     65 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
+#define OP_Halt           66
+#define OP_Integer        67 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
+#define OP_Int64          68 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
+#define OP_String         69 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
+#define OP_Null           70 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
+#define OP_SoftNull       71 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
+#define OP_Blob           72 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
+#define OP_Variable       73 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
+#define OP_Move           74 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
+#define OP_Copy           75 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
+#define OP_SCopy          76 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
+#define OP_IntCopy        77 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
+#define OP_ResultRow      78 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
+#define OP_CollSeq        79
+#define OP_AddImm         80 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
+#define OP_RealAffinity   81
+#define OP_Cast           82 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
+#define OP_Permutation    83
 #define OP_BitAnd         84 /* same as TK_BITAND, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2] */
 #define OP_BitOr          85 /* same as TK_BITOR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2] */
 #define OP_ShiftLeft      86 /* same as TK_LSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1] */
@@ -12889,78 +13933,82 @@
 #define OP_Divide         91 /* same as TK_SLASH, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1] */
 #define OP_Remainder      92 /* same as TK_REM, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1] */
 #define OP_Concat         93 /* same as TK_CONCAT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1] */
-#define OP_Cast           94 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
+#define OP_Compare        94 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
 #define OP_BitNot         95 /* same as TK_BITNOT, synopsis: r[P1]= ~r[P1] */
-#define OP_Permutation    96
+#define OP_Offset         96 /* synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)        */
 #define OP_String8        97 /* same as TK_STRING, synopsis: r[P2]='P4'    */
-#define OP_Compare        98 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
-#define OP_Column         99 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
-#define OP_Affinity      100 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
-#define OP_MakeRecord    101 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
-#define OP_Count         102 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
-#define OP_ReadCookie    103
-#define OP_SetCookie     104
-#define OP_ReopenIdx     105 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenRead      106 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenWrite     107 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenDup       108
-#define OP_OpenAutoindex 109 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
-#define OP_OpenEphemeral 110 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
-#define OP_SorterOpen    111
-#define OP_SequenceTest  112 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
-#define OP_OpenPseudo    113 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
-#define OP_Close         114
-#define OP_ColumnsUsed   115
-#define OP_Sequence      116 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
-#define OP_NewRowid      117 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
-#define OP_Insert        118 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
-#define OP_InsertInt     119 /* synopsis: intkey=P3 data=r[P2]             */
-#define OP_Delete        120
-#define OP_ResetCount    121
-#define OP_SorterCompare 122 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
-#define OP_SorterData    123 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
-#define OP_RowData       124 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
-#define OP_Rowid         125 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
-#define OP_NullRow       126
+#define OP_Column         98 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
+#define OP_Affinity       99 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
+#define OP_MakeRecord    100 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
+#define OP_Count         101 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
+#define OP_ReadCookie    102
+#define OP_SetCookie     103
+#define OP_ReopenIdx     104 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenRead      105 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenWrite     106 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenDup       107
+#define OP_OpenAutoindex 108 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
+#define OP_OpenEphemeral 109 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
+#define OP_SorterOpen    110
+#define OP_SequenceTest  111 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
+#define OP_OpenPseudo    112 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
+#define OP_Close         113
+#define OP_ColumnsUsed   114
+#define OP_Sequence      115 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
+#define OP_NewRowid      116 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_Insert        117 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
+#define OP_InsertInt     118 /* synopsis: intkey=P3 data=r[P2]             */
+#define OP_Delete        119
+#define OP_ResetCount    120
+#define OP_SorterCompare 121 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
+#define OP_SorterData    122 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
+#define OP_RowData       123 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
+#define OP_Rowid         124 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_NullRow       125
+#define OP_SeekEnd       126
 #define OP_SorterInsert  127 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
 #define OP_IdxInsert     128 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
 #define OP_IdxDelete     129 /* synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]                     */
-#define OP_Seek          130 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid              */
+#define OP_DeferredSeek  130 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed    */
 #define OP_IdxRowid      131 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
 #define OP_Real          132 /* same as TK_FLOAT, synopsis: r[P2]=P4       */
 #define OP_Destroy       133
 #define OP_Clear         134
 #define OP_ResetSorter   135
-#define OP_CreateIndex   136 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1                */
-#define OP_CreateTable   137 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1                */
-#define OP_SqlExec       138
-#define OP_ParseSchema   139
-#define OP_LoadAnalysis  140
-#define OP_DropTable     141
-#define OP_DropIndex     142
-#define OP_DropTrigger   143
-#define OP_IntegrityCk   144
-#define OP_RowSetAdd     145 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
-#define OP_Param         146
-#define OP_FkCounter     147 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
-#define OP_MemMax        148 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
-#define OP_OffsetLimit   149 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
-#define OP_AggStep0      150 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
-#define OP_AggStep       151 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
-#define OP_AggFinal      152 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
-#define OP_Expire        153
-#define OP_TableLock     154 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
-#define OP_VBegin        155
-#define OP_VCreate       156
-#define OP_VDestroy      157
-#define OP_VOpen         158
-#define OP_VColumn       159 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
-#define OP_VRename       160
-#define OP_Pagecount     161
-#define OP_MaxPgcnt      162
-#define OP_CursorHint    163
-#define OP_Noop          164
-#define OP_Explain       165
+#define OP_CreateBtree   136 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3       */
+#define OP_SqlExec       137
+#define OP_ParseSchema   138
+#define OP_LoadAnalysis  139
+#define OP_DropTable     140
+#define OP_DropIndex     141
+#define OP_DropTrigger   142
+#define OP_IntegrityCk   143
+#define OP_RowSetAdd     144 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
+#define OP_Param         145
+#define OP_FkCounter     146 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
+#define OP_MemMax        147 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
+#define OP_OffsetLimit   148 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
+#define OP_AggStep0      149 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
+#define OP_AggStep       150 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
+#define OP_AggFinal      151 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
+#define OP_Expire        152
+#define OP_TableLock     153 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
+#define OP_VBegin        154
+#define OP_VCreate       155
+#define OP_VDestroy      156
+#define OP_VOpen         157
+#define OP_VColumn       158 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
+#define OP_VRename       159
+#define OP_Pagecount     160
+#define OP_MaxPgcnt      161
+#define OP_PureFunc0     162
+#define OP_Function0     163 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
+#define OP_PureFunc      164
+#define OP_Function      165 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
+#define OP_Trace         166
+#define OP_CursorHint    167
+#define OP_Noop          168
+#define OP_Explain       169
 
 /* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
 ** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
@@ -12978,22 +14026,23 @@
 /*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01,\
 /*  24 */ 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
 /*  32 */ 0x09, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
-/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x23, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03,\
-/*  48 */ 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00,\
-/*  56 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
-/*  64 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26,\
-/*  72 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
-/*  80 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
-/*  88 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x02, 0x12,\
-/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10,\
+/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x23, 0x26, 0x26, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x01,\
+/*  48 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
+/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02,\
+/*  64 */ 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
+/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/*  80 */ 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
+/*  88 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x00, 0x12,\
+/*  96 */ 0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
 /* 104 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04,\
+/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\
 /* 128 */ 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 136 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 144 */ 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 136 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 144 */ 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
 /* 152 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 160 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}
+/* 160 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00,}
 
 /* The sqlite3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
 ** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
@@ -13001,12 +14050,18 @@
 ** generated this include file strives to group all JUMP opcodes
 ** together near the beginning of the list.
 */
-#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  83  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */
+#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  62  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */
 
 /************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/
 
 /*
+** Additional non-public SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags
+*/
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL  0x80  /* Preserve SQL text */
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK     0x0f  /* Mask of public flags */
+
+/*
 ** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
 ** for a description of what each of these routines does.
 */
@@ -13063,7 +14118,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
@@ -13085,6 +14141,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
 #endif
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context*);
+
 /* Use SQLITE_ENABLE_COMMENTS to enable generation of extra comments on
 ** each VDBE opcode.
 **
@@ -13310,6 +14368,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage*);
 
 /* Operations on page references. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage*);
@@ -13429,6 +14488,7 @@
   sqlite3_pcache_page *pPage;    /* Pcache object page handle */
   void *pData;                   /* Page data */
   void *pExtra;                  /* Extra content */
+  PCache *pCache;                /* PRIVATE: Cache that owns this page */
   PgHdr *pDirty;                 /* Transient list of dirty sorted by pgno */
   Pager *pPager;                 /* The pager this page is part of */
   Pgno pgno;                     /* Page number for this page */
@@ -13438,14 +14498,15 @@
   u16 flags;                     /* PGHDR flags defined below */
 
   /**********************************************************************
-  ** Elements above are public.  All that follows is private to pcache.c
-  ** and should not be accessed by other modules.
+  ** Elements above, except pCache, are public.  All that follow are 
+  ** private to pcache.c and should not be accessed by other modules.
+  ** pCache is grouped with the public elements for efficiency.
   */
   i16 nRef;                      /* Number of users of this page */
-  PCache *pCache;                /* Cache that owns this page */
-
   PgHdr *pDirtyNext;             /* Next element in list of dirty pages */
   PgHdr *pDirtyPrev;             /* Previous element in list of dirty pages */
+                          /* NB: pDirtyNext and pDirtyPrev are undefined if the
+                          ** PgHdr object is not dirty */
 };
 
 /* Bit values for PgHdr.flags */
@@ -13827,10 +14888,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED 0xca093fa0
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmMap(sqlite3_file *,int,int,int,void volatile **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmLock(sqlite3_file *id, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsShmBarrier(sqlite3_file *id);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmUnmap(sqlite3_file *id, int);
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFetch(sqlite3_file *id, i64, int, void **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnfetch(sqlite3_file *, i64, void *);
 
@@ -14039,6 +15102,7 @@
 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
+#define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
 
 /*
 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
@@ -14070,9 +15134,9 @@
   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
-  int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
-  int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
-  int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
+  u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
+  u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
+  LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
@@ -14151,9 +15215,11 @@
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
-  int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
+  u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
+  u32 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
+  u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
@@ -14236,7 +15302,7 @@
   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
-  VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
+  VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
 #endif
   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
@@ -14285,8 +15351,8 @@
 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
 */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
-#define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
+#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
+#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
@@ -14297,30 +15363,38 @@
                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
                                           /*   result set is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
-#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
-#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
-#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
-#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
-#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
-#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
-#define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
-#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
-#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
-#define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
-#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
-#define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00800000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
-#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x01000000  /* True to enable triggers */
-#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x02000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
-#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x04000000  /* Disable database changes */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x08000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
-#define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x10000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
-#define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x20000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
-#define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x40000000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
-#define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x80000000  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
+#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
+#define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
+#define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
+#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
+#define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
+#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
+#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
+#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
+#define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
+#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
+#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
+#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
+#define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
+#define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
+#define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
+#define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
 
+/* Flags used only if debugging */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x08000000  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x10000000  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x20000000  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x40000000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x80000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
+*/
+#define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
+#define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
+#define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
 
 /*
 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
@@ -14331,15 +15405,15 @@
 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
-/*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
-#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
-#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
-#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
-#define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
-#define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
-#define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
+#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
+#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
+#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
+#define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
+#define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
+#define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
+#define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
-#define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x2000   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
+   /* TH3 expects the Stat34  ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
 
 /*
@@ -14438,6 +15512,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
                                     ** single query - might change over time */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
 
 /*
 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
@@ -14457,7 +15532,14 @@
 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
-**     a single query.
+**     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
+**     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
+**
+**   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
+**     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
+**     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
+**     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an 
+**     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
 **
 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
@@ -14480,8 +15562,11 @@
   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
+  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
+   0, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
+#define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
+   (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
@@ -14860,8 +15945,8 @@
 struct KeyInfo {
   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
-  u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
-  u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
+  u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
+  u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
@@ -14908,8 +15993,8 @@
   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
-  i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
-  i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
+  i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
+  i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
 };
 
@@ -14972,6 +16057,7 @@
   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
+  unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
@@ -15193,7 +16279,8 @@
                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
-  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
+  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions.  Can be NULL
+                         ** for a column of an index on an expression */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -15201,8 +16288,8 @@
 */
 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
-#define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
-#define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
+#define EP_HasFunc   0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
+                  /* 0x000008 // available for use */
 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
@@ -15225,9 +16312,10 @@
 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
 
 /*
-** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
+** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
+** upwards into parent nodes.
 */
-#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
+#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
 
 /*
 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
@@ -15281,7 +16369,6 @@
 */
 struct ExprList {
   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
-  int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
@@ -15301,17 +16388,6 @@
 };
 
 /*
-** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
-** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
-** expression.
-*/
-struct ExprSpan {
-  Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
-  const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
-  const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
-};
-
-/*
 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
 **
@@ -15508,6 +16584,7 @@
 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
+#define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
@@ -15547,7 +16624,6 @@
   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
-  Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
 };
 
@@ -15578,6 +16654,7 @@
 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
+#define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result set contains subquery or function */
 
 
 /*
@@ -15669,10 +16746,10 @@
 */
 struct SelectDest {
   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
-  char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
+  char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
 };
 
@@ -15782,8 +16859,8 @@
   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
-  int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
-  int iSelfTab;        /* Table of an index whose exprs are being coded */
+  int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
+                       ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
@@ -15806,7 +16883,7 @@
   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
-  int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
+  int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
@@ -15923,6 +17000,7 @@
 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
+#define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
 
 /*
  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
@@ -16010,6 +17088,7 @@
   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
+  char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
 };
@@ -16035,11 +17114,10 @@
 */
 struct StrAccum {
   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
-  char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
-  u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
+  u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
 };
@@ -16074,6 +17152,7 @@
   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
+  int bSmallMalloc;                 /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
@@ -16087,9 +17166,6 @@
   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
-  void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
-  int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
-  int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
@@ -16175,6 +17251,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
@@ -16227,6 +17308,7 @@
 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
 */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
@@ -16236,11 +17318,14 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
 #else
 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -16314,6 +17399,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
@@ -16321,8 +17407,6 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
@@ -16378,11 +17462,18 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
 
 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
 #else
@@ -16447,7 +17538,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
@@ -16477,7 +17568,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
@@ -16549,16 +17640,16 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
-                         Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*,Expr*);
+                         Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
 #endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
@@ -16609,10 +17700,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
@@ -16626,8 +17717,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
@@ -16683,7 +17773,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
@@ -16699,11 +17789,14 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
+                                        const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
-                                        Select*,u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
+                                        Select*,u8,const char*,const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
+                                        const char*,const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*,
+                                        const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
@@ -16748,7 +17841,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
@@ -16813,6 +17908,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
@@ -16837,7 +17934,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
@@ -17127,6 +18226,9 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
 #endif
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
@@ -17181,8 +18283,7 @@
 #endif
 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
-#define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
-#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
+#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
 
 /*
 ** Threading interface
@@ -17192,6 +18293,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
 #endif
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
 #endif
@@ -17202,6 +18306,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
+#endif
+
 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
 
 /************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
@@ -17407,6 +18515,7 @@
    SQLITE_THREADSAFE==1,      /* bFullMutex */
    SQLITE_USE_URI,            /* bOpenUri */
    SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN,   /* bUseCis */
+   0,                         /* bSmallMalloc */
    0x7ffffffe,                /* mxStrlen */
    0,                         /* neverCorrupt */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE,  /* szLookaside, nLookaside */
@@ -17419,9 +18528,6 @@
    0, 0,                      /* mnHeap, mxHeap */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE,  /* szMmap */
    SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE,      /* mxMmap */
-   (void*)0,                  /* pScratch */
-   0,                         /* szScratch */
-   0,                         /* nScratch */
    (void*)0,                  /* pPage */
    0,                         /* szPage */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ, /* nPage */
@@ -17506,475 +18612,6 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StrBINARY[] = "BINARY";
 
 /************** End of global.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file ctime.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2010 February 23
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file implements routines used to report what compile-time options
-** SQLite was built with.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-
-/* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
-
-/*
-** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should 
-** be sorted A-Z.
-**
-** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
-** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
-** rather short and uses little memory space.
-*/
-static const char * const azCompileOpt[] = {
-
-/* These macros are provided to "stringify" the value of the define
-** for those options in which the value is meaningful. */
-#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
-#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
-
-#if SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
-  "32BIT_ROWID",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
-  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
-  "CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-  "CHECK_PAGES",
-#endif
-#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
-  "COMPILER=clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
-                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
-                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__),
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-  "COMPILER=msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER),
-#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
-  "COMPILER=gcc-" __VERSION__,
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
-  "COVERAGE_TEST",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  "DEBUG",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
-  "DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE),
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE) && !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc)
-  "DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
-  "DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
-  "DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
-  "DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
-  "DISABLE_DIRSYNC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
-  "DISABLE_LFS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
-  "ENABLE_8_3_NAMES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
-  "ENABLE_API_ARMOR",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  "ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  "ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-  "ENABLE_CEROD",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-  "ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
-  "ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
-  "ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
-  "ENABLE_FTS1",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
-  "ENABLE_FTS2",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
-  "ENABLE_FTS3",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
-  "ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
-  "ENABLE_FTS4",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
-  "ENABLE_FTS5",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-  "ENABLE_ICU",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
-  "ENABLE_JSON1",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
-  "ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
-  "ENABLE_MEMSYS3",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
-  "ENABLE_MEMSYS5",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK
-  "ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
-  "ENABLE_RTREE",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
-  "ENABLE_STAT4",
-#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
-  "ENABLE_STAT3",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-  "ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
-  "ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR)
-  "ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  "HAS_CODEC",
-#endif
-#if HAVE_ISNAN || SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
-  "HAVE_ISNAN",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-  "HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS
-  "IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  "IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  "INT64_TYPE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
-  "LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
-  "LOCK_TRACE",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE) && !defined(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc)
-  "MAX_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE),
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY
-  "MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
-  "MEMDEBUG",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
-  "MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  "NO_SYNC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-  "OMIT_ALTERTABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-  "OMIT_ANALYZE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
-  "OMIT_ATTACH",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  "OMIT_AUTHORIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-  "OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  "OMIT_AUTOINIT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
-  "OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET
-  "OMIT_AUTORESET",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  "OMIT_AUTOVACUUM",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-  "OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-  "OMIT_BTREECOUNT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-  "OMIT_CAST",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  "OMIT_CHECK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
-  "OMIT_COMPLETE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-  "OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
-  "OMIT_CTE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-  "OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
-  "OMIT_DECLTYPE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  "OMIT_DEPRECATED",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
-  "OMIT_DISKIO",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  "OMIT_EXPLAIN",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  "OMIT_FLOATING_POINT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  "OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
-  "OMIT_GET_TABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  "OMIT_INCRBLOB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-  "OMIT_LOCALTIME",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
-  "OMIT_LOOKASIDE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-  "OMIT_MEMORYDB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
-  "OMIT_PRAGMA",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  "OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
-  "OMIT_QUICKBALANCE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-  "OMIT_REINDEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  "OMIT_SHARED_CACHE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  "OMIT_SUBQUERY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
-  "OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  "OMIT_TEMPDB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  "OMIT_TRACE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  "OMIT_TRIGGER",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  "OMIT_UTF16",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
-  "OMIT_VACUUM",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  "OMIT_VIEW",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  "OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-  "OMIT_WAL",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-  "OMIT_WSD",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
-  "OMIT_XFER_OPT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-  "PERFORMANCE_TRACE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
-  "PROXY_DEBUG",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
-  "RTREE_INT_ONLY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
-  "SECURE_DELETE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SMALL_STACK
-  "SMALL_STACK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SOUNDEX
-  "SOUNDEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
-  "SYSTEM_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TCL
-  "TCL",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE) && !defined(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc)
-  "TEMP_STORE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TEST
-  "TEST",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
-  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_THREADSAFE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
-  "UNTESTABLE"
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
-  "USE_ALLOCA",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
-  "USER_AUTHENTICATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
-  "WIN32_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
-  "ZERO_MALLOC"
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** Given the name of a compile-time option, return true if that option
-** was used and false if not.
-**
-** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
-** is not required for a match.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
-  int i, n;
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
-  if( zOptName==0 ){
-    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-    return 0;
-  }
-#endif
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
-  n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);
-
-  /* Since ArraySize(azCompileOpt) is normally in single digits, a
-  ** linear search is adequate.  No need for a binary search. */
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azCompileOpt); i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0
-     && sqlite3IsIdChar((unsigned char)azCompileOpt[i][n])==0
-    ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the N-th compile-time option string.  If N is out of range,
-** return a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
-  if( N>=0 && N<ArraySize(azCompileOpt) ){
-    return azCompileOpt[N];
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/************** End of ctime.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file status.c ******************************************/
 /*
 ** 2008 June 18
@@ -18092,18 +18729,18 @@
   u32 cacheStatus;        /* Cache is valid if this matches Vdbe.cacheCtr */
   int seekResult;         /* Result of previous sqlite3BtreeMoveto() or 0
                           ** if there have been no prior seeks on the cursor. */
-  /* NB: seekResult does not distinguish between "no seeks have ever occurred
-  ** on this cursor" and "the most recent seek was an exact match". */
+  /* seekResult does not distinguish between "no seeks have ever occurred
+  ** on this cursor" and "the most recent seek was an exact match".
+  ** For CURTYPE_PSEUDO, seekResult is the register holding the record */
 
   /* When a new VdbeCursor is allocated, only the fields above are zeroed.
   ** The fields that follow are uninitialized, and must be individually
   ** initialized prior to first use. */
   VdbeCursor *pAltCursor; /* Associated index cursor from which to read */
   union {
-    BtCursor *pCursor;          /* CURTYPE_BTREE.  Btree cursor */
-    sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur; /* CURTYPE_VTAB.   Vtab cursor */
-    int pseudoTableReg;         /* CURTYPE_PSEUDO. Reg holding content. */
-    VdbeSorter *pSorter;        /* CURTYPE_SORTER. Sorter object */
+    BtCursor *pCursor;          /* CURTYPE_BTREE or _PSEUDO.  Btree cursor */
+    sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur; /* CURTYPE_VTAB.              Vtab cursor */
+    VdbeSorter *pSorter;        /* CURTYPE_SORTER.            Sorter object */
   } uc;
   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;      /* Info about index keys needed by index cursors */
   u32 iHdrOffset;         /* Offset to next unparsed byte of the header */
@@ -18185,8 +18822,8 @@
   union MemValue {
     double r;           /* Real value used when MEM_Real is set in flags */
     i64 i;              /* Integer value used when MEM_Int is set in flags */
-    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
-    void *pPtr;         /* Pointer when flags==MEM_Ptr|MEM_Null */
+    int nZero;          /* Extra zero bytes when MEM_Zero and MEM_Blob set */
+    const char *zPType; /* Pointer type when MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype|MEM_Null */
     FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
     RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
     VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
@@ -18218,7 +18855,10 @@
 ** representations of the value stored in the Mem struct.
 **
 ** If the MEM_Null flag is set, then the value is an SQL NULL value.
-** No other flags may be set in this case.
+** For a pointer type created using sqlite3_bind_pointer() or
+** sqlite3_result_pointer() the MEM_Term and MEM_Subtype flags are also set.
+** If both MEM_Null and MEM_Zero are set, that means that the value is
+** an unchanging column value from VColumn.
 **
 ** If the MEM_Str flag is set then Mem.z points at a string representation.
 ** Usually this is encoded in the same unicode encoding as the main
@@ -18226,7 +18866,7 @@
 ** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real 
 ** flags may coexist with the MEM_Str flag.
 */
-#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
+#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL (or a pointer) */
 #define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
 #define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
 #define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
@@ -18236,7 +18876,7 @@
 #define MEM_Frame     0x0040   /* Value is a VdbeFrame object */
 #define MEM_Undefined 0x0080   /* Value is undefined */
 #define MEM_Cleared   0x0100   /* NULL set by OP_Null, not from data */
-#define MEM_TypeMask  0x81ff   /* Mask of type bits */
+#define MEM_TypeMask  0xc1ff   /* Mask of type bits */
 
 
 /* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
@@ -18244,8 +18884,7 @@
 ** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
 ** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
 */
-#define MEM_Ptr       0x8000   /* u.pPtr is valid if type==SQLITE_NULL */
-#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String rep is nul terminated */
+#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String in Mem.z is zero terminated */
 #define MEM_Dyn       0x0400   /* Need to call Mem.xDel() on Mem.z */
 #define MEM_Static    0x0800   /* Mem.z points to a static string */
 #define MEM_Ephem     0x1000   /* Mem.z points to an ephemeral string */
@@ -18267,7 +18906,7 @@
 ** Clear any existing type flags from a Mem and replace them with f
 */
 #define MemSetTypeFlag(p, f) \
-   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero|MEM_Ptr))|f)
+   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero))|f)
 
 /*
 ** Return true if a memory cell is not marked as invalid.  This macro
@@ -18380,6 +19019,7 @@
   u16 nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
   u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
   u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
+  u8 prepFlags;           /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   bft expired:1;          /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
   bft doingRerun:1;       /* True if rerunning after an auto-reprepare */
   bft explain:2;          /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
@@ -18388,10 +19028,9 @@
   bft usesStmtJournal:1;  /* True if uses a statement journal */
   bft readOnly:1;         /* True for statements that do not write */
   bft bIsReader:1;        /* True for statements that read */
-  bft isPrepareV2:1;      /* True if prepared with prepare_v2() */
   yDbMask btreeMask;      /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
   yDbMask lockMask;       /* Subset of btreeMask that requires a lock */
-  u32 aCounter[5];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
+  u32 aCounter[7];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
   char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
   void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
   VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
@@ -18473,6 +19112,7 @@
 #else
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem*, double);
 #endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(Mem*, void*, const char*, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemInit(Mem*,sqlite3*,u16);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem*,int);
@@ -18504,7 +19144,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *, VdbeSorter *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, int *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(const VdbeCursor *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *, int, int *);
@@ -18532,12 +19172,14 @@
 # define sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p,i) 0
 #endif
 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf);
 #endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
+#endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *);
@@ -18658,7 +19300,6 @@
                                            : sqlite3MallocMutex()) );
   assert( op==SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE
           || op==SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE
-          || op==SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE
           || op==SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK );
   if( newValue>wsdStat.mxValue[op] ){
     wsdStat.mxValue[op] = newValue;
@@ -18708,6 +19349,28 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the number of LookasideSlot elements on the linked list
+*/
+static u32 countLookasideSlots(LookasideSlot *p){
+  u32 cnt = 0;
+  while( p ){
+    p = p->pNext;
+    cnt++;
+  }
+  return cnt;
+}
+
+/*
+** Count the number of slots of lookaside memory that are outstanding
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3 *db, int *pHighwater){
+  u32 nInit = countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pInit);
+  u32 nFree = countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pFree);
+  if( pHighwater ) *pHighwater = db->lookaside.nSlot - nInit;
+  return db->lookaside.nSlot - (nInit+nFree);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Query status information for a single database connection
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
@@ -18726,10 +19389,15 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   switch( op ){
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED: {
-      *pCurrent = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      *pHighwater = db->lookaside.mxOut;
+      *pCurrent = sqlite3LookasideUsed(db, pHighwater);
       if( resetFlag ){
-        db->lookaside.mxOut = db->lookaside.nOut;
+        LookasideSlot *p = db->lookaside.pFree;
+        if( p ){
+          while( p->pNext ) p = p->pNext;
+          p->pNext = db->lookaside.pInit;
+          db->lookaside.pInit = db->lookaside.pFree;
+          db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
+        }
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -18929,7 +19597,7 @@
 **
 **      Jean Meeus
 **      Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd Edition, 1998
-**      ISBM 0-943396-61-1
+**      ISBN 0-943396-61-1
 **      Willmann-Bell, Inc
 **      Richmond, Virginia (USA)
 */
@@ -19276,7 +19944,7 @@
     return 0;
   }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
     return 0;
-  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0){
+  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(context) ){
     return setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
   }else if( sqlite3AtoF(zDate, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zDate), SQLITE_UTF8) ){
     setRawDateNumber(p, r);
@@ -19559,7 +20227,7 @@
       ** Assuming the current time value is UTC (a.k.a. GMT), shift it to
       ** show local time.
       */
-      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
         computeJD(p);
         p->iJD += localtimeOffset(p, pCtx, &rc);
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
@@ -19585,7 +20253,7 @@
         }
       }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 ){
+      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
         if( p->tzSet==0 ){
           sqlite3_int64 c1;
           computeJD(p);
@@ -20121,11 +20789,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void){
   static FuncDef aDateTimeFuncs[] = {
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-    DFUNCTION(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
-    DFUNCTION(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
-    DFUNCTION(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
-    DFUNCTION(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
-    DFUNCTION(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
+    PURE_DATE(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
+    PURE_DATE(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
+    PURE_DATE(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
+    PURE_DATE(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
+    PURE_DATE(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
     DFUNCTION(current_time,      0, 0, 0, ctimeFunc     ),
     DFUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, 0, 0, ctimestampFunc),
     DFUNCTION(current_date,      0, 0, 0, cdateFunc     ),
@@ -20240,7 +20908,7 @@
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xSync(id, flags);
+  return flags ? id->pMethods->xSync(id, flags) : SQLITE_OK;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
@@ -20295,6 +20963,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
   return id->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics(id);
 }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmLock(sqlite3_file *id, int offset, int n, int flags){
   return id->pMethods->xShmLock(id, offset, n, flags);
 }
@@ -20314,6 +20983,7 @@
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
   return id->pMethods->xShmMap(id, iPage, pgsz, bExtend, pp);
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
 /* The real implementation of xFetch and xUnfetch */
@@ -22832,6 +23502,193 @@
 
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+/*
+** This block (enclosed by SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) contains
+** the implementation of a wrapper around the system default mutex
+** implementation (sqlite3DefaultMutex()). 
+**
+** Most calls are passed directly through to the underlying default
+** mutex implementation. Except, if a mutex is configured by calling
+** sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention() on it, then if contention is ever
+** encountered within xMutexEnter() a warning is emitted via sqlite3_log().
+**
+** This type of mutex is used as the database handle mutex when testing
+** apps that usually use SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD mode.
+*/
+
+/* 
+** Type for all mutexes used when SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+** is defined. Variable CheckMutex.mutex is a pointer to the real mutex
+** allocated by the system mutex implementation. Variable iType is usually set
+** to the type of mutex requested - SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE, SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
+** or one of the static mutex identifiers. Or, if this is a recursive mutex
+** that has been configured using sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(), it is
+** set to SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION.
+*/
+typedef struct CheckMutex CheckMutex;
+struct CheckMutex {
+  int iType;
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
+};
+
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION  (-1)
+
+/* 
+** Pointer to real mutex methods object used by the CheckMutex
+** implementation. Set by checkMutexInit(). 
+*/
+static SQLITE_WSD const sqlite3_mutex_methods *pGlobalMutexMethods;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+static int checkMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexHeld(((CheckMutex*)p)->mutex);
+}
+static int checkMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexNotheld(((CheckMutex*)p)->mutex);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
+*/
+static int checkMutexInit(void){ 
+  pGlobalMutexMethods = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
+  return SQLITE_OK; 
+}
+static int checkMutexEnd(void){ 
+  pGlobalMutexMethods = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK; 
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate a mutex.
+*/
+static sqlite3_mutex *checkMutexAlloc(int iType){
+  static CheckMutex staticMutexes[] = {
+    {2, 0}, {3, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0},
+    {6, 0}, {7, 0}, {8, 0}, {9, 0},
+    {10, 0}, {11, 0}, {12, 0}, {13, 0}
+  };
+  CheckMutex *p = 0;
+
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE==1 && SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST==0 );
+  if( iType<2 ){
+    p = sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(CheckMutex));
+    if( p==0 ) return 0;
+    p->iType = iType;
+  }else{
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+    if( iType-2>=ArraySize(staticMutexes) ){
+      (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+      return 0;
+    }
+#endif
+    p = &staticMutexes[iType-2];
+  }
+
+  if( p->mutex==0 ){
+    p->mutex = pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexAlloc(iType);
+    if( p->mutex==0 ){
+      if( iType<2 ){
+        sqlite3_free(p);
+      }
+      p = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (sqlite3_mutex*)p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free a mutex.
+*/
+static void checkMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE<2 );
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST<2 );
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION<2 );
+
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( ((CheckMutex*)p)->iType<2 )
+#endif
+  {
+    CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+    pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexFree(pCheck->mutex);
+    sqlite3_free(pCheck);
+  }
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  else{
+    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Enter the mutex.
+*/
+static void checkMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+  if( pCheck->iType==SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION ){
+    if( SQLITE_OK==pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexTry(pCheck->mutex) ){
+      return;
+    }
+    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
+        "illegal multi-threaded access to database connection"
+    );
+  }
+  pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexEnter(pCheck->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Enter the mutex (do not block).
+*/
+static int checkMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+  return pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexTry(pCheck->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Leave the mutex.
+*/
+static void checkMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+  pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexLeave(pCheck->mutex);
+}
+
+sqlite3_mutex_methods const *multiThreadedCheckMutex(void){
+  static const sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
+    checkMutexInit,
+    checkMutexEnd,
+    checkMutexAlloc,
+    checkMutexFree,
+    checkMutexEnter,
+    checkMutexTry,
+    checkMutexLeave,
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    checkMutexHeld,
+    checkMutexNotheld
+#else
+    0,
+    0
+#endif
+  };
+  return &sMutex;
+}
+
+/*
+** Mark the SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE mutex passed as the only argument as
+** one on which there should be no contention.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc==checkMutexAlloc ){
+    CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+    assert( pCheck->iType==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
+    pCheck->iType = SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION;
+  }
+}
+#endif   /* ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS */
+
 /*
 ** Initialize the mutex system.
 */
@@ -22847,7 +23704,11 @@
     sqlite3_mutex_methods *pTo = &sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex;
 
     if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+      pFrom = multiThreadedCheckMutex();
+#else
       pFrom = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
+#endif
     }else{
       pFrom = sqlite3NoopMutex();
     }
@@ -22974,6 +23835,7 @@
 
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) */
 
+
 /************** End of mutex.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file mutex_noop.c **************************************/
 /*
@@ -24311,14 +25173,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** An instance of the following object records the location of
-** each unused scratch buffer.
-*/
-typedef struct ScratchFreeslot {
-  struct ScratchFreeslot *pNext;   /* Next unused scratch buffer */
-} ScratchFreeslot;
-
-/*
 ** State information local to the memory allocation subsystem.
 */
 static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem0Global {
@@ -24326,21 +25180,11 @@
   sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold; /* The soft heap limit */
 
   /*
-  ** Pointers to the end of sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch memory
-  ** (so that a range test can be used to determine if an allocation
-  ** being freed came from pScratch) and a pointer to the list of
-  ** unused scratch allocations.
-  */
-  void *pScratchEnd;
-  ScratchFreeslot *pScratchFree;
-  u32 nScratchFree;
-
-  /*
   ** True if heap is nearly "full" where "full" is defined by the
   ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() setting.
   */
   int nearlyFull;
-} mem0 = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+} mem0 = { 0, 0, 0 };
 
 #define mem0 GLOBAL(struct Mem0Global, mem0)
 
@@ -24410,28 +25254,6 @@
   }
   memset(&mem0, 0, sizeof(mem0));
   mem0.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch && sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch>=100
-      && sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch>0 ){
-    int i, n, sz;
-    ScratchFreeslot *pSlot;
-    sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch);
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = sz;
-    pSlot = (ScratchFreeslot*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch;
-    n = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch;
-    mem0.pScratchFree = pSlot;
-    mem0.nScratchFree = n;
-    for(i=0; i<n-1; i++){
-      pSlot->pNext = (ScratchFreeslot*)(sz+(char*)pSlot);
-      pSlot = pSlot->pNext;
-    }
-    pSlot->pNext = 0;
-    mem0.pScratchEnd = (void*)&pSlot[1];
-  }else{
-    mem0.pScratchEnd = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch = 0;
-  }
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage==0 || sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage<512
       || sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage<=0 ){
     sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage = 0;
@@ -24583,105 +25405,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Each thread may only have a single outstanding allocation from
-** xScratchMalloc().  We verify this constraint in the single-threaded
-** case by setting scratchAllocOut to 1 when an allocation
-** is outstanding clearing it when the allocation is freed.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-static int scratchAllocOut = 0;
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Allocate memory that is to be used and released right away.
-** This routine is similar to alloca() in that it is not intended
-** for situations where the memory might be held long-term.  This
-** routine is intended to get memory to old large transient data
-** structures that would not normally fit on the stack of an
-** embedded processor.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int n){
-  void *p;
-  assert( n>0 );
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-  sqlite3StatusHighwater(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE, n);
-  if( mem0.nScratchFree && sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch>=n ){
-    p = mem0.pScratchFree;
-    mem0.pScratchFree = mem0.pScratchFree->pNext;
-    mem0.nScratchFree--;
-    sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, 1);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
-    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat && p ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-      sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, sqlite3MallocSize(p));
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    }
-    sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_SCRATCH);
-  }
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(mem0.mutex) );
-
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-12970-05880 SQLite will not use more than one scratch
-  ** buffers per thread.
-  **
-  ** This can only be checked in single-threaded mode.
-  */
-  assert( scratchAllocOut==0 );
-  if( p ) scratchAllocOut++;
-#endif
-
-  return p;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void *p){
-  if( p ){
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-    /* Verify that no more than two scratch allocation per thread
-    ** is outstanding at one time.  (This is only checked in the
-    ** single-threaded case since checking in the multi-threaded case
-    ** would be much more complicated.) */
-    assert( scratchAllocOut>=1 && scratchAllocOut<=2 );
-    scratchAllocOut--;
-#endif
-
-    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(p, sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch, mem0.pScratchEnd) ){
-      /* Release memory from the SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH allocation */
-      ScratchFreeslot *pSlot;
-      pSlot = (ScratchFreeslot*)p;
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-      pSlot->pNext = mem0.pScratchFree;
-      mem0.pScratchFree = pSlot;
-      mem0.nScratchFree++;
-      assert( mem0.nScratchFree <= (u32)sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch );
-      sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, 1);
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    }else{
-      /* Release memory back to the heap */
-      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_SCRATCH) );
-      assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, (u8)~MEMTYPE_SCRATCH) );
-      sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-        int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
-        sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-        sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, iSize);
-        sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, iSize);
-        sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, 1);
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-        sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
 ** TRUE if p is a lookaside memory allocation from db
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
@@ -24771,7 +25494,6 @@
 #endif
       pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
       db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
-      db->lookaside.nOut--;
       return;
     }
   }
@@ -24932,16 +25654,16 @@
     assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
     if( n>db->lookaside.sz ){
       db->lookaside.anStat[1]++;
-    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)==0 ){
-      db->lookaside.anStat[2]++;
-    }else{
+    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)!=0 ){
       db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf->pNext;
-      db->lookaside.nOut++;
       db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
-      if( db->lookaside.nOut>db->lookaside.mxOut ){
-        db->lookaside.mxOut = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      }
       return (void*)pBuf;
+    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pInit)!=0 ){
+      db->lookaside.pInit = pBuf->pNext;
+      db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
+      return (void*)pBuf;
+    }else{
+      db->lookaside.anStat[2]++;
     }
   }else if( db->mallocFailed ){
     return 0;
@@ -25046,6 +25768,19 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** The text between zStart and zEnd represents a phrase within a larger
+** SQL statement.  Make a copy of this phrase in space obtained form
+** sqlite3DbMalloc().  Omit leading and trailing whitespace.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
+  int n;
+  while( sqlite3Isspace(zStart[0]) ) zStart++;
+  n = (int)(zEnd - zStart);
+  while( ALWAYS(n>0) && sqlite3Isspace(zStart[n-1]) ) n--;
+  return sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zStart, n);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Free any prior content in *pz and replace it with a copy of zNew.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, sqlite3 *db, const char *zNew){
@@ -25779,7 +26514,7 @@
         if( precision>=0 ){
           for(length=0; length<precision && bufpt[length]; length++){}
         }else{
-          length = sqlite3Strlen30(bufpt);
+          length = 0x7fffffff & (int)strlen(bufpt);
         }
         break;
       case etSQLESCAPE:           /* Escape ' characters */
@@ -25905,7 +26640,6 @@
   }else{
     char *zOld = isMalloced(p) ? p->zText : 0;
     i64 szNew = p->nChar;
-    assert( (p->zText==0 || p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
     szNew += N + 1;
     if( szNew+p->nChar<=p->mxAlloc ){
       /* Force exponential buffer size growth as long as it does not overflow,
@@ -25947,7 +26681,6 @@
   if( p->nChar+(i64)N >= p->nAlloc && (N = sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(p, N))<=0 ){
     return;
   }
-  assert( (p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
   while( (N--)>0 ) p->zText[p->nChar++] = c;
 }
 
@@ -25965,7 +26698,6 @@
     memcpy(&p->zText[p->nChar], z, N);
     p->nChar += N;
   }
-  assert( (p->zText==0 || p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
 }
 
 /*
@@ -26000,19 +26732,20 @@
 ** pointer if any kind of error was encountered.
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE char *strAccumFinishRealloc(StrAccum *p){
+  char *zText;
   assert( p->mxAlloc>0 && !isMalloced(p) );
-  p->zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
-  if( p->zText ){
-    memcpy(p->zText, p->zBase, p->nChar+1);
+  zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
+  if( zText ){
+    memcpy(zText, p->zText, p->nChar+1);
     p->printfFlags |= SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED;
   }else{
     setStrAccumError(p, STRACCUM_NOMEM);
   }
-  return p->zText;
+  p->zText = zText;
+  return zText;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum *p){
   if( p->zText ){
-    assert( (p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
     p->zText[p->nChar] = 0;
     if( p->mxAlloc>0 && !isMalloced(p) ){
       return strAccumFinishRealloc(p);
@@ -26025,7 +26758,6 @@
 ** Reset an StrAccum string.  Reclaim all malloced memory.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum *p){
-  assert( (p->zText==0 || p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
   if( isMalloced(p) ){
     sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zText);
     p->printfFlags &= ~SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED;
@@ -26048,11 +26780,11 @@
 **        allocations will ever occur.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum *p, sqlite3 *db, char *zBase, int n, int mx){
-  p->zText = p->zBase = zBase;
+  p->zText = zBase;
   p->db = db;
-  p->nChar = 0;
   p->nAlloc = n;
   p->mxAlloc = mx;
+  p->nChar = 0;
   p->accError = 0;
   p->printfFlags = 0;
 }
@@ -26218,8 +26950,15 @@
   sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
+#ifdef SQLITE_OS_TRACE_PROC
+  {
+    extern void SQLITE_OS_TRACE_PROC(const char *zBuf, int nBuf);
+    SQLITE_OS_TRACE_PROC(zBuf, sizeof(zBuf));
+  }
+#else
   fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
   fflush(stdout);
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -26392,7 +27131,6 @@
       if( p->pHaving ) n++;
       if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
       if( p->pLimit ) n++;
-      if( p->pOffset ) n++;
     }
     sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
     if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
@@ -26449,12 +27187,12 @@
     }
     if( p->pLimit ){
       sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
-      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
-      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
-    }
-    if( p->pOffset ){
-      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
-      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
+      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit->pLeft, p->pLimit->pRight!=0);
+      if( p->pLimit->pRight ){
+        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit->pRight, 0);
+        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+      }
       sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
     }
     if( p->pPrior ){
@@ -26621,17 +27359,17 @@
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     case TK_EXISTS: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
       break;
     }
     case TK_SELECT: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
       break;
     }
     case TK_IN: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
       if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
         sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
@@ -26747,12 +27485,20 @@
     sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
     for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
       int j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol;
-      if( j ){
+      char *zName = pList->a[i].zName;
+      if( j || zName ){
         sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 0);
+      }
+      if( zName ){
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AS %s", zName);
+      }
+      if( j ){
         sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "iOrderByCol=%d", j);
       }
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);
-      if( j ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+      if( j || zName ){
+        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -27519,7 +28265,9 @@
 #endif
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 /*
 ** This routine checks for a byte-order mark at the beginning of the 
 ** UTF-16 string stored in *pMem. If one is present, it is removed and
@@ -28041,6 +28789,45 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Compute 10 to the E-th power.  Examples:  E==1 results in 10.
+** E==2 results in 100.  E==50 results in 1.0e50.
+**
+** This routine only works for values of E between 1 and 341.
+*/
+static LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite3Pow10(int E){
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  static const LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x[] = {
+    1.0e+001,
+    1.0e+002,
+    1.0e+004,
+    1.0e+008,
+    1.0e+016,
+    1.0e+032,
+    1.0e+064,
+    1.0e+128,
+    1.0e+256
+  };
+  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE r = 1.0;
+  int i;
+  assert( E>=0 && E<=307 );
+  for(i=0; E!=0; i++, E >>=1){
+    if( E & 1 ) r *= x[i];
+  }
+  return r;
+#else
+  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x = 10.0;
+  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE r = 1.0;
+  while(1){
+    if( E & 1 ) r *= x;
+    E >>= 1;
+    if( E==0 ) break;
+    x *= x;
+  }
+  return r; 
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
 ** The string z[] is an text representation of a real number.
 ** Convert this string to a double and write it into *pResult.
 **
@@ -28107,12 +28894,12 @@
   /* copy max significant digits to significand */
   while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) && s<((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
     s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
-    z+=incr, nDigits++;
+    z+=incr; nDigits++;
   }
 
   /* skip non-significant significand digits
   ** (increase exponent by d to shift decimal left) */
-  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) z+=incr, nDigits++, d++;
+  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z+=incr; nDigits++; d++; }
   if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;
 
   /* if decimal point is present */
@@ -28125,7 +28912,7 @@
         s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
         d--;
       }
-      z+=incr, nDigits++;
+      z+=incr; nDigits++;
     }
   }
   if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;
@@ -28195,11 +28982,10 @@
     if( e==0 ){                                         /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
       result = (double)s;
     }else{
-      LONGDOUBLE_TYPE scale = 1.0;
       /* attempt to handle extremely small/large numbers better */
       if( e>307 ){                                      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
         if( e<342 ){                                    /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
-          while( e%308 ) { scale *= 1.0e+1; e -= 1; }
+          LONGDOUBLE_TYPE scale = sqlite3Pow10(e-308);
           if( esign<0 ){
             result = s / scale;
             result /= 1.0e+308;
@@ -28211,14 +28997,15 @@
           if( esign<0 ){
             result = 0.0*s;
           }else{
+#ifdef INFINITY
+            result = INFINITY*s;
+#else
             result = 1e308*1e308*s;  /* Infinity */
+#endif
           }
         }
       }else{
-        /* 1.0e+22 is the largest power of 10 than can be 
-        ** represented exactly. */
-        while( e%22 ) { scale *= 1.0e+1; e -= 1; }
-        while( e>0 ) { scale *= 1.0e+22; e -= 22; }
+        LONGDOUBLE_TYPE scale = sqlite3Pow10(e);
         if( esign<0 ){
           result = s / scale;
         }else{
@@ -28273,16 +29060,12 @@
 ** Convert zNum to a 64-bit signed integer.  zNum must be decimal. This
 ** routine does *not* accept hexadecimal notation.
 **
-** If the zNum value is representable as a 64-bit twos-complement 
-** integer, then write that value into *pNum and return 0.
+** Returns:
 **
-** If zNum is exactly 9223372036854775808, return 2.  This special
-** case is broken out because while 9223372036854775808 cannot be a 
-** signed 64-bit integer, its negative -9223372036854775808 can be.
-**
-** If zNum is too big for a 64-bit integer and is not
-** 9223372036854775808  or if zNum contains any non-numeric text,
-** then return 1.
+**     0    Successful transformation.  Fits in a 64-bit signed integer.
+**     1    Excess text after the integer value
+**     2    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
+**     3    Special case of 9223372036854775808
 **
 ** length is the number of bytes in the string (bytes, not characters).
 ** The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.  The encoding is
@@ -28295,6 +29078,7 @@
   int i;
   int c = 0;
   int nonNum = 0;  /* True if input contains UTF16 with high byte non-zero */
+  int rc;          /* Baseline return code */
   const char *zStart;
   const char *zEnd = zNum + length;
   assert( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
@@ -28334,31 +29118,35 @@
   testcase( i==20 );
   if( &zNum[i]<zEnd              /* Extra bytes at the end */
    || (i==0 && zStart==zNum)     /* No digits */
-   || i>19*incr                  /* Too many digits */
    || nonNum                     /* UTF16 with high-order bytes non-zero */
   ){
+    rc = 1;
+  }else{
+    rc = 0;
+  }
+  if( i>19*incr ){                /* Too many digits */
     /* zNum is empty or contains non-numeric text or is longer
     ** than 19 digits (thus guaranteeing that it is too large) */
-    return 1;
+    return 2;
   }else if( i<19*incr ){
     /* Less than 19 digits, so we know that it fits in 64 bits */
     assert( u<=LARGEST_INT64 );
-    return 0;
+    return rc;
   }else{
     /* zNum is a 19-digit numbers.  Compare it against 9223372036854775808. */
     c = compare2pow63(zNum, incr);
     if( c<0 ){
       /* zNum is less than 9223372036854775808 so it fits */
       assert( u<=LARGEST_INT64 );
-      return 0;
+      return rc;
     }else if( c>0 ){
       /* zNum is greater than 9223372036854775808 so it overflows */
-      return 1;
+      return 2;
     }else{
       /* zNum is exactly 9223372036854775808.  Fits if negative.  The
       ** special case 2 overflow if positive */
       assert( u-1==LARGEST_INT64 );
-      return neg ? 0 : 2;
+      return neg ? rc : 3;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -28371,8 +29159,9 @@
 ** Returns:
 **
 **     0    Successful transformation.  Fits in a 64-bit signed integer.
-**     1    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
-**     2    Special case of 9223372036854775808
+**     1    Excess text after the integer value
+**     2    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
+**     3    Special case of 9223372036854775808
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char *z, i64 *pOut){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER
@@ -28386,7 +29175,7 @@
       u = u*16 + sqlite3HexToInt(z[k]);
     }
     memcpy(pOut, &u, 8);
-    return (z[k]==0 && k-i<=16) ? 0 : 1;
+    return (z[k]==0 && k-i<=16) ? 0 : 2;
   }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER */
   {
@@ -28996,7 +29785,7 @@
 ** overflow, leave *pA unchanged and return 1.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AddInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
-#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
   return __builtin_add_overflow(*pA, iB, pA);
 #else
   i64 iA = *pA;
@@ -29016,7 +29805,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SubInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
-#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
   return __builtin_sub_overflow(*pA, iB, pA);
 #else
   testcase( iB==SMALLEST_INT64+1 );
@@ -29031,7 +29820,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MulInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
-#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
   return __builtin_mul_overflow(*pA, iB, pA);
 #else
   i64 iA = *pA;
@@ -29133,8 +29922,14 @@
     if( x<2 ) return 0;
     while( x<8 ){  y -= 10; x <<= 1; }
   }else{
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+    int i = 60 - __builtin_clzll(x);
+    y += i*10;
+    x >>= i;
+#else
     while( x>255 ){ y += 40; x >>= 4; }  /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
     while( x>15 ){  y += 10; x >>= 1; }
+#endif
   }
   return a[x&7] + y - 10;
 }
@@ -29430,8 +30225,9 @@
 }
 
 /* This function (for internal use only) locates an element in an
-** hash table that matches the given key.  The hash for this key is
-** also computed and returned in the *pH parameter.
+** hash table that matches the given key.  If no element is found,
+** a pointer to a static null element with HashElem.data==0 is returned.
+** If pH is not NULL, then the hash for this key is written to *pH.
 */
 static HashElem *findElementWithHash(
   const Hash *pH,     /* The pH to be searched */
@@ -29441,6 +30237,7 @@
   HashElem *elem;                /* Used to loop thru the element list */
   int count;                     /* Number of elements left to test */
   unsigned int h;                /* The computed hash */
+  static HashElem nullElement = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 
   if( pH->ht ){   /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
     struct _ht *pEntry;
@@ -29453,7 +30250,7 @@
     elem = pH->first;
     count = pH->count;
   }
-  *pHash = h;
+  if( pHash ) *pHash = h;
   while( count-- ){
     assert( elem!=0 );
     if( sqlite3StrICmp(elem->pKey,pKey)==0 ){ 
@@ -29461,7 +30258,7 @@
     }
     elem = elem->next;
   }
-  return 0;
+  return &nullElement;
 }
 
 /* Remove a single entry from the hash table given a pointer to that
@@ -29503,13 +30300,9 @@
 ** found, or NULL if there is no match.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HashFind(const Hash *pH, const char *pKey){
-  HashElem *elem;    /* The element that matches key */
-  unsigned int h;    /* A hash on key */
-
   assert( pH!=0 );
   assert( pKey!=0 );
-  elem = findElementWithHash(pH, pKey, &h);
-  return elem ? elem->data : 0;
+  return findElementWithHash(pH, pKey, 0)->data;
 }
 
 /* Insert an element into the hash table pH.  The key is pKey
@@ -29534,7 +30327,7 @@
   assert( pH!=0 );
   assert( pKey!=0 );
   elem = findElementWithHash(pH,pKey,&h);
-  if( elem ){
+  if( elem->data ){
     void *old_data = elem->data;
     if( data==0 ){
       removeElementGivenHash(pH,elem,h);
@@ -29617,47 +30410,47 @@
     /*  40 */ "IdxLT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
     /*  41 */ "IdxGE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
     /*  42 */ "RowSetRead"       OpHelp("r[P3]=rowset(P1)"),
-    /*  43 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
-    /*  44 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
-    /*  45 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),
-    /*  46 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
-    /*  47 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
-    /*  48 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
-    /*  49 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
-    /*  50 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
-    /*  51 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
-    /*  52 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
-    /*  53 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
-    /*  54 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
-    /*  55 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
-    /*  56 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
-    /*  57 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
-    /*  58 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
-    /*  59 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
-    /*  60 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
-    /*  61 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
-    /*  62 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
-    /*  63 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
-    /*  64 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
-    /*  65 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
-    /*  66 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
-    /*  67 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
-    /*  68 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
-    /*  69 */ "Function0"        OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /*  70 */ "Or"               OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])"),
-    /*  71 */ "And"              OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])"),
-    /*  72 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /*  73 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
-    /*  74 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
-    /*  75 */ "IsNull"           OpHelp("if r[P1]==NULL goto P2"),
-    /*  76 */ "NotNull"          OpHelp("if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2"),
-    /*  77 */ "Ne"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]!=r[P1]"),
-    /*  78 */ "Eq"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]==r[P1]"),
-    /*  79 */ "Gt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>r[P1]"),
-    /*  80 */ "Le"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<=r[P1]"),
-    /*  81 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
-    /*  82 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
-    /*  83 */ "ElseNotEq"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  43 */ "Or"               OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])"),
+    /*  44 */ "And"              OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])"),
+    /*  45 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
+    /*  46 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  47 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  48 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
+    /*  49 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
+    /*  50 */ "IsNull"           OpHelp("if r[P1]==NULL goto P2"),
+    /*  51 */ "NotNull"          OpHelp("if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2"),
+    /*  52 */ "Ne"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]!=r[P1]"),
+    /*  53 */ "Eq"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]==r[P1]"),
+    /*  54 */ "Gt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>r[P1]"),
+    /*  55 */ "Le"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<=r[P1]"),
+    /*  56 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
+    /*  57 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
+    /*  58 */ "ElseNotEq"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  59 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  60 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
+    /*  61 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
+    /*  62 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
+    /*  63 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
+    /*  64 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
+    /*  65 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
+    /*  66 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
+    /*  67 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
+    /*  68 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
+    /*  69 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
+    /*  70 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
+    /*  71 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
+    /*  72 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
+    /*  73 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
+    /*  74 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
+    /*  75 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
+    /*  76 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
+    /*  77 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
+    /*  78 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
+    /*  79 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  80 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
+    /*  81 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
+    /*  82 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
+    /*  83 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
     /*  84 */ "BitAnd"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]"),
     /*  85 */ "BitOr"            OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]"),
     /*  86 */ "ShiftLeft"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]"),
@@ -29668,78 +30461,82 @@
     /*  91 */ "Divide"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]"),
     /*  92 */ "Remainder"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]"),
     /*  93 */ "Concat"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]"),
-    /*  94 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
+    /*  94 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
     /*  95 */ "BitNot"           OpHelp("r[P1]= ~r[P1]"),
-    /*  96 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
+    /*  96 */ "Offset"           OpHelp("r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)"),
     /*  97 */ "String8"          OpHelp("r[P2]='P4'"),
-    /*  98 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
-    /*  99 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
-    /* 100 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
-    /* 101 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
-    /* 102 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
-    /* 103 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 104 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 105 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 106 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 107 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 108 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 109 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
-    /* 110 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
-    /* 111 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 112 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
-    /* 113 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
-    /* 114 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 115 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 116 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
-    /* 117 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
-    /* 118 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
-    /* 119 */ "InsertInt"        OpHelp("intkey=P3 data=r[P2]"),
-    /* 120 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 121 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 122 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
-    /* 123 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
-    /* 124 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
-    /* 125 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
-    /* 126 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  98 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
+    /*  99 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
+    /* 100 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
+    /* 101 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
+    /* 102 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 103 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 104 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /* 105 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /* 106 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /* 107 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 108 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
+    /* 109 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
+    /* 110 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 111 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
+    /* 112 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
+    /* 113 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 114 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 115 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
+    /* 116 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 117 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
+    /* 118 */ "InsertInt"        OpHelp("intkey=P3 data=r[P2]"),
+    /* 119 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 120 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 121 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
+    /* 122 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
+    /* 123 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
+    /* 124 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 125 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 126 */ "SeekEnd"          OpHelp(""),
     /* 127 */ "SorterInsert"     OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
     /* 128 */ "IdxInsert"        OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
     /* 129 */ "IdxDelete"        OpHelp("key=r[P2@P3]"),
-    /* 130 */ "Seek"             OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid"),
+    /* 130 */ "DeferredSeek"     OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed"),
     /* 131 */ "IdxRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
     /* 132 */ "Real"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
     /* 133 */ "Destroy"          OpHelp(""),
     /* 134 */ "Clear"            OpHelp(""),
     /* 135 */ "ResetSorter"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 136 */ "CreateIndex"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1"),
-    /* 137 */ "CreateTable"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1"),
-    /* 138 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 139 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 140 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
-    /* 141 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 142 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 143 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 144 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 145 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
-    /* 146 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 147 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
-    /* 148 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
-    /* 149 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
-    /* 150 */ "AggStep0"         OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /* 151 */ "AggStep"          OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /* 152 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
-    /* 153 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 154 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
-    /* 155 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 156 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 157 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 158 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 159 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
-    /* 160 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 161 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 162 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 163 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 164 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
-    /* 165 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 136 */ "CreateBtree"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3"),
+    /* 137 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 138 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 139 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
+    /* 140 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 141 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 142 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 143 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 144 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
+    /* 145 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 146 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
+    /* 147 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
+    /* 148 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
+    /* 149 */ "AggStep0"         OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 150 */ "AggStep"          OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 151 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
+    /* 152 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 153 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
+    /* 154 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 155 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 156 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 157 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 158 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
+    /* 159 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 160 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 161 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 162 */ "PureFunc0"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 163 */ "Function0"        OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 164 */ "PureFunc"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 165 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 166 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 167 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 168 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
+    /* 169 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
   };
   return azName[i];
 }
@@ -29959,7 +30756,7 @@
   unsigned short int ctrlFlags;       /* Behavioral bits.  UNIXFILE_* flags */
   int lastErrno;                      /* The unix errno from last I/O error */
   void *lockingContext;               /* Locking style specific state */
-  UnixUnusedFd *pUnused;              /* Pre-allocated UnixUnusedFd */
+  UnixUnusedFd *pPreallocatedUnused;  /* Pre-allocated UnixUnusedFd */
   const char *zPath;                  /* Name of the file */
   unixShm *pShm;                      /* Shared memory segment information */
   int szChunk;                        /* Configured by FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE */
@@ -30430,7 +31227,7 @@
 #else
   { "munmap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0 },
 #endif
-#define osMunmap ((void*(*)(void*,size_t))aSyscall[23].pCurrent)
+#define osMunmap ((int(*)(void*,size_t))aSyscall[23].pCurrent)
 
 #if HAVE_MREMAP && (!defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0)
   { "mremap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)mremap,          0 },
@@ -30460,7 +31257,11 @@
 #endif
 #define osLstat      ((int(*)(const char*,struct stat*))aSyscall[27].pCurrent)
 
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
   { "ioctl",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)ioctl,          0 },
+#else
+  { "ioctl",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,              0 },
+#endif
 #define osIoctl ((int(*)(int,int,...))aSyscall[28].pCurrent)
 
 }; /* End of the overrideable system calls */
@@ -31067,7 +31868,8 @@
 /*
 ** A lists of all unixInodeInfo objects.
 */
-static unixInodeInfo *inodeList = 0;
+static unixInodeInfo *inodeList = 0;  /* All unixInodeInfo objects */
+static unsigned int nUnusedFd = 0;    /* Total unused file descriptors */
 
 /*
 **
@@ -31177,6 +31979,7 @@
     pNext = p->pNext;
     robust_close(pFile, p->fd, __LINE__);
     sqlite3_free(p);
+    nUnusedFd--;
   }
   pInode->pUnused = 0;
 }
@@ -31209,6 +32012,7 @@
       sqlite3_free(pInode);
     }
   }
+  assert( inodeList!=0 || nUnusedFd==0 );
 }
 
 /*
@@ -31278,6 +32082,7 @@
 #else
   fileId.ino = (u64)statbuf.st_ino;
 #endif
+  assert( inodeList!=0 || nUnusedFd==0 );
   pInode = inodeList;
   while( pInode && memcmp(&fileId, &pInode->fileId, sizeof(fileId)) ){
     pInode = pInode->pNext;
@@ -31697,11 +32502,12 @@
 */
 static void setPendingFd(unixFile *pFile){
   unixInodeInfo *pInode = pFile->pInode;
-  UnixUnusedFd *p = pFile->pUnused;
+  UnixUnusedFd *p = pFile->pPreallocatedUnused;
   p->pNext = pInode->pUnused;
   pInode->pUnused = p;
   pFile->h = -1;
-  pFile->pUnused = 0;
+  pFile->pPreallocatedUnused = 0;
+  nUnusedFd++;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -31926,7 +32732,7 @@
 #endif
   OSTRACE(("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h));
   OpenCounter(-1);
-  sqlite3_free(pFile->pUnused);
+  sqlite3_free(pFile->pPreallocatedUnused);
   memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -32263,7 +33069,7 @@
   OSTRACE(("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (flock)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved));
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  if( (rc & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
+  if( (rc & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
     reserved=1;
   }
@@ -32330,7 +33136,7 @@
   OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (flock)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock), 
            rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
 #ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  if( (rc & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
+  if( (rc & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS */
@@ -32867,7 +33673,7 @@
           /* Can't reestablish the shared lock.  Sqlite can't deal, this is
           ** a critical I/O error
           */
-          rc = ((failed & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 : 
+          rc = ((failed & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 : 
                SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
           goto afp_end_lock;
         } 
@@ -33147,7 +33953,7 @@
   /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
   ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
 #if 0
-  assert( pFile->pUnused==0
+  assert( pFile->pPreallocatedUnused==0
        || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
        || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
   );
@@ -33260,7 +34066,7 @@
   /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
   ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
 #if 0
-  assert( pFile->pUnused==0
+  assert( pFile->pPreallocatedUnused==0
        || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
        || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
   );
@@ -33805,6 +34611,14 @@
       if( newLimit>sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap ){
         newLimit = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap;
       }
+
+      /* The value of newLimit may be eventually cast to (size_t) and passed
+      ** to mmap(). Restrict its value to 2GB if (size_t) is not at least a
+      ** 64-bit type. */
+      if( newLimit>0 && sizeof(size_t)<8 ){
+        newLimit = (newLimit & 0x7FFFFFFF);
+      }
+
       *(i64*)pArg = pFile->mmapSizeMax;
       if( newLimit>=0 && newLimit!=pFile->mmapSizeMax && pFile->nFetchOut==0 ){
         pFile->mmapSizeMax = newLimit;
@@ -33880,7 +34694,7 @@
     pFile->sectorSize = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
     pFile->deviceCharacteristics = 0;
     if( fstatvfs(pFile->h, &fsInfo) == -1 ) {
-      return pFile->sectorSize;
+      return;
     }
 
     if( !strcmp(fsInfo.f_basetype, "tmp") ) {
@@ -34038,6 +34852,7 @@
   int szRegion;              /* Size of shared-memory regions */
   u16 nRegion;               /* Size of array apRegion */
   u8 isReadonly;             /* True if read-only */
+  u8 isUnlocked;             /* True if no DMS lock held */
   char **apRegion;           /* Array of mapped shared-memory regions */
   int nRef;                  /* Number of unixShm objects pointing to this */
   unixShm *pFirst;           /* All unixShm objects pointing to this */
@@ -34094,7 +34909,7 @@
 
   /* Access to the unixShmNode object is serialized by the caller */
   pShmNode = pFile->pInode->pShmNode;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->mutex) || pShmNode->nRef==0 );
+  assert( pShmNode->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->mutex) );
 
   /* Shared locks never span more than one byte */
   assert( n==1 || lockType!=F_RDLCK );
@@ -34201,6 +35016,64 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** The DMS lock has not yet been taken on shm file pShmNode. Attempt to
+** take it now. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
+** code otherwise.
+**
+** If the DMS cannot be locked because this is a readonly_shm=1 
+** connection and no other process already holds a lock, return
+** SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT and set pShmNode->isUnlocked=1.
+*/
+static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
+  struct flock lock;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  /* Use F_GETLK to determine the locks other processes are holding
+  ** on the DMS byte. If it indicates that another process is holding
+  ** a SHARED lock, then this process may also take a SHARED lock
+  ** and proceed with opening the *-shm file. 
+  **
+  ** Or, if no other process is holding any lock, then this process
+  ** is the first to open it. In this case take an EXCLUSIVE lock on the
+  ** DMS byte and truncate the *-shm file to zero bytes in size. Then
+  ** downgrade to a SHARED lock on the DMS byte.
+  **
+  ** If another process is holding an EXCLUSIVE lock on the DMS byte,
+  ** return SQLITE_BUSY to the caller (it will try again). An earlier
+  ** version of this code attempted the SHARED lock at this point. But
+  ** this introduced a subtle race condition: if the process holding
+  ** EXCLUSIVE failed just before truncating the *-shm file, then this
+  ** process might open and use the *-shm file without truncating it.
+  ** And if the *-shm file has been corrupted by a power failure or
+  ** system crash, the database itself may also become corrupt.  */
+  lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+  lock.l_start = UNIX_SHM_DMS;
+  lock.l_len = 1;
+  lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+  if( osFcntl(pShmNode->h, F_GETLK, &lock)!=0 ) {
+    rc = SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
+  }else if( lock.l_type==F_UNLCK ){
+    if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
+      pShmNode->isUnlocked = 1;
+      rc = SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
+    }else{
+      rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && robust_ftruncate(pShmNode->h, 0) ){
+        rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN,"ftruncate",pShmNode->zFilename);
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( lock.l_type==F_WRLCK ){
+    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( lock.l_type==F_UNLCK || lock.l_type==F_RDLCK );
+    rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Open a shared-memory area associated with open database file pDbFd.  
 ** This particular implementation uses mmapped files.
 **
@@ -34238,9 +35111,9 @@
 static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
   struct unixShm *p = 0;          /* The connection to be opened */
   struct unixShmNode *pShmNode;   /* The underlying mmapped file */
-  int rc;                         /* Result code */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Result code */
   unixInodeInfo *pInode;          /* The inode of fd */
-  char *zShmFilename;             /* Name of the file used for SHM */
+  char *zShm;             /* Name of the file used for SHM */
   int nShmFilename;               /* Size of the SHM filename in bytes */
 
   /* Allocate space for the new unixShm object. */
@@ -34281,14 +35154,14 @@
       goto shm_open_err;
     }
     memset(pShmNode, 0, sizeof(*pShmNode)+nShmFilename);
-    zShmFilename = pShmNode->zFilename = (char*)&pShmNode[1];
+    zShm = pShmNode->zFilename = (char*)&pShmNode[1];
 #ifdef SQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShmFilename, 
+    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm, 
                      SQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY "/sqlite-shm-%x-%x",
                      (u32)sStat.st_ino, (u32)sStat.st_dev);
 #else
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShmFilename, "%s-shm", zBasePath);
-    sqlite3FileSuffix3(pDbFd->zPath, zShmFilename);
+    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm, "%s-shm", zBasePath);
+    sqlite3FileSuffix3(pDbFd->zPath, zShm);
 #endif
     pShmNode->h = -1;
     pDbFd->pInode->pShmNode = pShmNode;
@@ -34302,15 +35175,16 @@
     }
 
     if( pInode->bProcessLock==0 ){
-      int openFlags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
-      if( sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
-        openFlags = O_RDONLY;
-        pShmNode->isReadonly = 1;
+      if( 0==sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
+        pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShm, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
       }
-      pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShmFilename, openFlags, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
       if( pShmNode->h<0 ){
-        rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zShmFilename);
-        goto shm_open_err;
+        pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShm, O_RDONLY, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
+        if( pShmNode->h<0 ){
+          rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zShm);
+          goto shm_open_err;
+        }
+        pShmNode->isReadonly = 1;
       }
 
       /* If this process is running as root, make sure that the SHM file
@@ -34318,20 +35192,9 @@
       ** the original owner will not be able to connect.
       */
       robustFchown(pShmNode->h, sStat.st_uid, sStat.st_gid);
-  
-      /* Check to see if another process is holding the dead-man switch.
-      ** If not, truncate the file to zero length. 
-      */
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      if( unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1)==SQLITE_OK ){
-        if( robust_ftruncate(pShmNode->h, 0) ){
-          rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, "ftruncate", zShmFilename);
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
-      }
-      if( rc ) goto shm_open_err;
+
+      rc = unixLockSharedMemory(pDbFd, pShmNode);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ) goto shm_open_err;
     }
   }
 
@@ -34355,7 +35218,7 @@
   p->pNext = pShmNode->pFirst;
   pShmNode->pFirst = p;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 
   /* Jump here on any error */
 shm_open_err:
@@ -34407,6 +35270,11 @@
   p = pDbFd->pShm;
   pShmNode = p->pShmNode;
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  if( pShmNode->isUnlocked ){
+    rc = unixLockSharedMemory(pDbFd, pShmNode);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto shmpage_out;
+    pShmNode->isUnlocked = 0;
+  }
   assert( szRegion==pShmNode->szRegion || pShmNode->nRegion==0 );
   assert( pShmNode->pInode==pDbFd->pInode );
   assert( pShmNode->h>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
@@ -35234,17 +36102,6 @@
 
   assert( pNew->pInode==NULL );
 
-  /* Usually the path zFilename should not be a relative pathname. The
-  ** exception is when opening the proxy "conch" file in builds that
-  ** include the special Apple locking styles.
-  */
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  assert( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]=='/' 
-    || pVfs->pAppData==(void*)&autolockIoFinder );
-#else
-  assert( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]=='/' );
-#endif
-
   /* No locking occurs in temporary files */
   assert( zFilename!=0 || (ctrlFlags & UNIXFILE_NOLOCK)!=0 );
 
@@ -35503,6 +36360,8 @@
 #if !OS_VXWORKS
   struct stat sStat;                   /* Results of stat() call */
 
+  unixEnterMutex();
+
   /* A stat() call may fail for various reasons. If this happens, it is
   ** almost certain that an open() call on the same path will also fail.
   ** For this reason, if an error occurs in the stat() call here, it is
@@ -35511,10 +36370,9 @@
   **
   ** Even if a subsequent open() call does succeed, the consequences of
   ** not searching for a reusable file descriptor are not dire.  */
-  if( 0==osStat(zPath, &sStat) ){
+  if( nUnusedFd>0 && 0==osStat(zPath, &sStat) ){
     unixInodeInfo *pInode;
 
-    unixEnterMutex();
     pInode = inodeList;
     while( pInode && (pInode->fileId.dev!=sStat.st_dev
                      || pInode->fileId.ino!=(u64)sStat.st_ino) ){
@@ -35525,11 +36383,12 @@
       for(pp=&pInode->pUnused; *pp && (*pp)->flags!=flags; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
       pUnused = *pp;
       if( pUnused ){
+        nUnusedFd--;
         *pp = pUnused->pNext;
       }
     }
-    unixLeaveMutex();
   }
+  unixLeaveMutex();
 #endif    /* if !OS_VXWORKS */
   return pUnused;
 }
@@ -35605,16 +36464,11 @@
     */
     nDb = sqlite3Strlen30(zPath) - 1; 
     while( zPath[nDb]!='-' ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
-      /* In the normal case (8+3 filenames disabled) the journal filename
-      ** is guaranteed to contain a '-' character. */
-      assert( nDb>0 );
-      assert( sqlite3Isalnum(zPath[nDb]) );
-#else
-      /* If 8+3 names are possible, then the journal file might not contain
-      ** a '-' character.  So check for that case and return early. */
+      /* In normal operation, the journal file name will always contain
+      ** a '-' character.  However in 8+3 filename mode, or if a corrupt
+      ** rollback journal specifies a master journal with a goofy name, then
+      ** the '-' might be missing. */
       if( nDb==0 || zPath[nDb]=='.' ) return SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
       nDb--;
     }
     memcpy(zDb, zPath, nDb);
@@ -35689,7 +36543,7 @@
   ** a file-descriptor on the directory too. The first time unixSync()
   ** is called the directory file descriptor will be fsync()ed and close()d.
   */
-  int syncDir = (isCreate && (
+  int isNewJrnl = (isCreate && (
         eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL 
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL 
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
@@ -35750,7 +36604,7 @@
         return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
       }
     }
-    p->pUnused = pUnused;
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused = pUnused;
 
     /* Database filenames are double-zero terminated if they are not
     ** URIs with parameters.  Hence, they can always be passed into
@@ -35759,7 +36613,7 @@
 
   }else if( !zName ){
     /* If zName is NULL, the upper layer is requesting a temp file. */
-    assert(isDelete && !syncDir);
+    assert(isDelete && !isNewJrnl);
     rc = unixGetTempname(pVfs->mxPathname, zTmpname);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
@@ -35787,24 +36641,31 @@
     gid_t gid;                    /* Groupid for the file */
     rc = findCreateFileMode(zName, flags, &openMode, &uid, &gid);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( !p->pUnused );
+      assert( !p->pPreallocatedUnused );
       assert( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL );
       return rc;
     }
     fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
     OSTRACE(("OPENX   %-3d %s 0%o\n", fd, zName, openFlags));
     assert( !isExclusive || (openFlags & O_CREAT)!=0 );
-    if( fd<0 && errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite ){
-      /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
-      flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
-      openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
-      flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
-      openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
-      isReadonly = 1;
-      fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
+    if( fd<0 ){
+      if( isNewJrnl && errno==EACCES && osAccess(zName, F_OK) ){
+        /* If unable to create a journal because the directory is not
+        ** writable, change the error code to indicate that. */
+        rc = SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY;
+      }else if( errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite ){
+        /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
+        flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
+        openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
+        flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+        openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
+        isReadonly = 1;
+        fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
+      }
     }
     if( fd<0 ){
-      rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zName);
+      int rc2 = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zName);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
       goto open_finished;
     }
 
@@ -35821,9 +36682,9 @@
     *pOutFlags = flags;
   }
 
-  if( p->pUnused ){
-    p->pUnused->fd = fd;
-    p->pUnused->flags = flags;
+  if( p->pPreallocatedUnused ){
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused->fd = fd;
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused->flags = flags;
   }
 
   if( isDelete ){
@@ -35864,7 +36725,7 @@
   if( isReadonly )              ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_RDONLY;
   noLock = eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
   if( noLock )                  ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_NOLOCK;
-  if( syncDir )                 ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_DIRSYNC;
+  if( isNewJrnl )               ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_DIRSYNC;
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_URI ) ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_URI;
 
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
@@ -35900,11 +36761,14 @@
   }
 #endif
   
+  assert( zPath==0 || zPath[0]=='/' 
+      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL 
+  );
   rc = fillInUnixFile(pVfs, fd, pFile, zPath, ctrlFlags);
 
 open_finished:
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(p->pUnused);
+    sqlite3_free(p->pPreallocatedUnused);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -36645,7 +37509,7 @@
   dummyVfs.zName = "dummy";
   pUnused->fd = fd;
   pUnused->flags = openFlags;
-  pNew->pUnused = pUnused;
+  pNew->pPreallocatedUnused = pUnused;
   
   rc = fillInUnixFile(&dummyVfs, fd, (sqlite3_file*)pNew, path, 0);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -41378,6 +42242,14 @@
       if( newLimit>sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap ){
         newLimit = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap;
       }
+
+      /* The value of newLimit may be eventually cast to (SIZE_T) and passed
+      ** to MapViewOfFile(). Restrict its value to 2GB if (SIZE_T) is not at
+      ** least a 64-bit type. */
+      if( newLimit>0 && sizeof(SIZE_T)<8 ){
+        newLimit = (newLimit & 0x7FFFFFFF);
+      }
+
       *(i64*)pArg = pFile->mmapSizeMax;
       if( newLimit>=0 && newLimit!=pFile->mmapSizeMax && pFile->nFetchOut==0 ){
         pFile->mmapSizeMax = newLimit;
@@ -41484,6 +42356,9 @@
 
   int szRegion;              /* Size of shared-memory regions */
   int nRegion;               /* Size of array apRegion */
+  u8 isReadonly;             /* True if read-only */
+  u8 isUnlocked;             /* True if no DMS lock held */
+
   struct ShmRegion {
     HANDLE hMap;             /* File handle from CreateFileMapping */
     void *pMap;
@@ -41550,7 +42425,7 @@
   int rc = 0;           /* Result code form Lock/UnlockFileEx() */
 
   /* Access to the winShmNode object is serialized by the caller */
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pFile->mutex) || pFile->nRef==0 );
+  assert( pFile->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pFile->mutex) );
 
   OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK file=%p, lock=%d, offset=%d, size=%d\n",
            pFile->hFile.h, lockType, ofst, nByte));
@@ -41632,6 +42507,37 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** The DMS lock has not yet been taken on shm file pShmNode. Attempt to
+** take it now. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
+** code otherwise.
+**
+** If the DMS cannot be locked because this is a readonly_shm=1
+** connection and no other process already holds a lock, return
+** SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT and set pShmNode->isUnlocked=1.
+*/
+static int winLockSharedMemory(winShmNode *pShmNode){
+  int rc = winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_WRLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
+      pShmNode->isUnlocked = 1;
+      winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+      return SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
+    }else if( winTruncate((sqlite3_file*)&pShmNode->hFile, 0) ){
+      winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winLockSharedMemory", pShmNode->zFilename);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+  }
+
+  return winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_RDLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Open the shared-memory area associated with database file pDbFd.
 **
 ** When opening a new shared-memory file, if no other instances of that
@@ -41640,9 +42546,9 @@
 */
 static int winOpenSharedMemory(winFile *pDbFd){
   struct winShm *p;                  /* The connection to be opened */
-  struct winShmNode *pShmNode = 0;   /* The underlying mmapped file */
-  int rc;                            /* Result code */
-  struct winShmNode *pNew;           /* Newly allocated winShmNode */
+  winShmNode *pShmNode = 0;          /* The underlying mmapped file */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                /* Result code */
+  winShmNode *pNew;                  /* Newly allocated winShmNode */
   int nName;                         /* Size of zName in bytes */
 
   assert( pDbFd->pShm==0 );    /* Not previously opened */
@@ -41675,6 +42581,9 @@
   if( pShmNode ){
     sqlite3_free(pNew);
   }else{
+    int inFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_WAL;
+    int outFlags = 0;
+
     pShmNode = pNew;
     pNew = 0;
     ((winFile*)(&pShmNode->hFile))->h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
@@ -41689,30 +42598,23 @@
       }
     }
 
-    rc = winOpen(pDbFd->pVfs,
-                 pShmNode->zFilename,             /* Name of the file (UTF-8) */
-                 (sqlite3_file*)&pShmNode->hFile,  /* File handle here */
-                 SQLITE_OPEN_WAL | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE,
-                 0);
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
+    if( 0==sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
+      inFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
+    }else{
+      inFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+    }
+    rc = winOpen(pDbFd->pVfs, pShmNode->zFilename,
+                 (sqlite3_file*)&pShmNode->hFile,
+                 inFlags, &outFlags);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = winLogError(rc, osGetLastError(), "winOpenShm",
+                       pShmNode->zFilename);
       goto shm_open_err;
     }
+    if( outFlags==SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ) pShmNode->isReadonly = 1;
 
-    /* Check to see if another process is holding the dead-man switch.
-    ** If not, truncate the file to zero length.
-    */
-    if( winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_WRLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1)==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = winTruncate((sqlite3_file *)&pShmNode->hFile, 0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, osGetLastError(),
-                         "winOpenShm", pDbFd->zPath);
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
-      rc = winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_RDLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
-    }
-    if( rc ) goto shm_open_err;
+    rc = winLockSharedMemory(pShmNode);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ) goto shm_open_err;
   }
 
   /* Make the new connection a child of the winShmNode */
@@ -41735,7 +42637,7 @@
   p->pNext = pShmNode->pFirst;
   pShmNode->pFirst = p;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 
   /* Jump here on any error */
 shm_open_err:
@@ -41939,6 +42841,8 @@
   winFile *pDbFd = (winFile*)fd;
   winShm *pShm = pDbFd->pShm;
   winShmNode *pShmNode;
+  DWORD protect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+  DWORD flags = FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   if( !pShm ){
@@ -41949,6 +42853,11 @@
   pShmNode = pShm->pShmNode;
 
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  if( pShmNode->isUnlocked ){
+    rc = winLockSharedMemory(pShmNode);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto shmpage_out;
+    pShmNode->isUnlocked = 0;
+  }
   assert( szRegion==pShmNode->szRegion || pShmNode->nRegion==0 );
 
   if( pShmNode->nRegion<=iRegion ){
@@ -41995,21 +42904,26 @@
     }
     pShmNode->aRegion = apNew;
 
+    if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
+      protect = PAGE_READONLY;
+      flags = FILE_MAP_READ;
+    }
+
     while( pShmNode->nRegion<=iRegion ){
       HANDLE hMap = NULL;         /* file-mapping handle */
       void *pMap = 0;             /* Mapped memory region */
 
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
       hMap = osCreateFileMappingFromApp(pShmNode->hFile.h,
-          NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, nByte, NULL
+          NULL, protect, nByte, NULL
       );
 #elif defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE)
       hMap = osCreateFileMappingW(pShmNode->hFile.h,
-          NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, nByte, NULL
+          NULL, protect, 0, nByte, NULL
       );
 #elif defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI) && SQLITE_WIN32_CREATEFILEMAPPINGA
       hMap = osCreateFileMappingA(pShmNode->hFile.h,
-          NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, nByte, NULL
+          NULL, protect, 0, nByte, NULL
       );
 #endif
       OSTRACE(("SHM-MAP-CREATE pid=%lu, region=%d, size=%d, rc=%s\n",
@@ -42019,11 +42933,11 @@
         int iOffset = pShmNode->nRegion*szRegion;
         int iOffsetShift = iOffset % winSysInfo.dwAllocationGranularity;
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
-        pMap = osMapViewOfFileFromApp(hMap, FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ,
+        pMap = osMapViewOfFileFromApp(hMap, flags,
             iOffset - iOffsetShift, szRegion + iOffsetShift
         );
 #else
-        pMap = osMapViewOfFile(hMap, FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ,
+        pMap = osMapViewOfFile(hMap, flags,
             0, iOffset - iOffsetShift, szRegion + iOffsetShift
         );
 #endif
@@ -42054,6 +42968,7 @@
   }else{
     *pp = 0;
   }
+  if( pShmNode->isReadonly && rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
@@ -42690,6 +43605,14 @@
   return (attr!=INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) && (attr&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
 }
 
+/* forward reference */
+static int winAccess(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,         /* Not used on win32 */
+  const char *zFilename,     /* Name of file to check */
+  int flags,                 /* Type of test to make on this file */
+  int *pResOut               /* OUT: Result */
+);
+
 /*
 ** Open a file.
 */
@@ -42866,37 +43789,58 @@
     extendedParameters.dwSecurityQosFlags = SECURITY_ANONYMOUS;
     extendedParameters.lpSecurityAttributes = NULL;
     extendedParameters.hTemplateFile = NULL;
-    while( (h = osCreateFile2((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
-                              dwDesiredAccess,
-                              dwShareMode,
-                              dwCreationDisposition,
-                              &extendedParameters))==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
-                              winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) ){
-               /* Noop */
-    }
+    do{
+      h = osCreateFile2((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
+                        dwDesiredAccess,
+                        dwShareMode,
+                        dwCreationDisposition,
+                        &extendedParameters);
+      if( h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) break;
+      if( isReadWrite ){
+        int rc2, isRO = 0;
+        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+        rc2 = winAccess(pVfs, zName, SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, &isRO);
+        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK && isRO ) break;
+      }
+    }while( winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) );
 #else
-    while( (h = osCreateFileW((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
-                              dwDesiredAccess,
-                              dwShareMode, NULL,
-                              dwCreationDisposition,
-                              dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                              NULL))==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
-                              winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) ){
-               /* Noop */
-    }
+    do{
+      h = osCreateFileW((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
+                        dwDesiredAccess,
+                        dwShareMode, NULL,
+                        dwCreationDisposition,
+                        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+                        NULL);
+      if( h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) break;
+      if( isReadWrite ){
+        int rc2, isRO = 0;
+        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+        rc2 = winAccess(pVfs, zName, SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, &isRO);
+        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK && isRO ) break;
+      }
+    }while( winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) );
 #endif
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI
   else{
-    while( (h = osCreateFileA((LPCSTR)zConverted,
-                              dwDesiredAccess,
-                              dwShareMode, NULL,
-                              dwCreationDisposition,
-                              dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                              NULL))==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
-                              winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) ){
-               /* Noop */
-    }
+    do{
+      h = osCreateFileA((LPCSTR)zConverted,
+                        dwDesiredAccess,
+                        dwShareMode, NULL,
+                        dwCreationDisposition,
+                        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+                        NULL);
+      if( h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) break;
+      if( isReadWrite ){
+        int rc2, isRO = 0;
+        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+        rc2 = winAccess(pVfs, zName, SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, &isRO);
+        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK && isRO ) break;
+      }
+    }while( winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) );
   }
 #endif
   winLogIoerr(cnt, __LINE__);
@@ -42905,8 +43849,6 @@
            dwDesiredAccess, (h==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) ? "failed" : "ok"));
 
   if( h==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
-    winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, pFile->lastErrno, "winOpen", zUtf8Name);
     sqlite3_free(zConverted);
     sqlite3_free(zTmpname);
     if( isReadWrite && !isExclusive ){
@@ -42915,6 +43857,8 @@
                      ~(SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE)),
          pOutFlags);
     }else{
+      pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
+      winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, pFile->lastErrno, "winOpen", zUtf8Name);
       return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
     }
   }
@@ -43507,9 +44451,6 @@
   EntropyGatherer e;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
   memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400 && !SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  rand_s((unsigned int*)zBuf); /* rand_s() is not available with MinGW */
-#endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400 */
   e.a = (unsigned char*)zBuf;
   e.na = nBuf;
   e.nXor = 0;
@@ -44428,12 +45369,9 @@
         p->eCreate = 2;
       }
     }
-    pPage->pDirtyNext = 0;
-    pPage->pDirtyPrev = 0;
   }
   if( addRemove & PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_ADD ){
-    assert( pPage->pDirtyNext==0 && pPage->pDirtyPrev==0 && p->pDirty!=pPage );
-  
+    pPage->pDirtyPrev = 0;
     pPage->pDirtyNext = p->pDirty;
     if( pPage->pDirtyNext ){
       assert( pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev==0 );
@@ -44750,11 +45688,7 @@
   if( (--p->nRef)==0 ){
     if( p->flags&PGHDR_CLEAN ){
       pcacheUnpin(p);
-    }else if( p->pDirtyPrev!=0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
-      /* Move the page to the head of the dirty list. If p->pDirtyPrev==0,
-      ** then page p is already at the head of the dirty list and the
-      ** following call would be a no-op. Hence the OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE
-      ** tag above.  */
+    }else{
       pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_FRONT);
     }
   }
@@ -44810,16 +45744,15 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(PgHdr *p){
   assert( sqlite3PcachePageSanity(p) );
-  if( ALWAYS((p->flags & PGHDR_DIRTY)!=0) ){
-    assert( (p->flags & PGHDR_CLEAN)==0 );
-    pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_REMOVE);
-    p->flags &= ~(PGHDR_DIRTY|PGHDR_NEED_SYNC|PGHDR_WRITEABLE);
-    p->flags |= PGHDR_CLEAN;
-    pcacheTrace(("%p.CLEAN %d\n",p->pCache,p->pgno));
-    assert( sqlite3PcachePageSanity(p) );
-    if( p->nRef==0 ){
-      pcacheUnpin(p);
-    }
+  assert( (p->flags & PGHDR_DIRTY)!=0 );
+  assert( (p->flags & PGHDR_CLEAN)==0 );
+  pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_REMOVE);
+  p->flags &= ~(PGHDR_DIRTY|PGHDR_NEED_SYNC|PGHDR_WRITEABLE);
+  p->flags |= PGHDR_CLEAN;
+  pcacheTrace(("%p.CLEAN %d\n",p->pCache,p->pgno));
+  assert( sqlite3PcachePageSanity(p) );
+  if( p->nRef==0 ){
+    pcacheUnpin(p);
   }
 }
 
@@ -45215,7 +46148,6 @@
 struct PgHdr1 {
   sqlite3_pcache_page page;      /* Base class. Must be first. pBuf & pExtra */
   unsigned int iKey;             /* Key value (page number) */
-  u8 isPinned;                   /* Page in use, not on the LRU list */
   u8 isBulkLocal;                /* This page from bulk local storage */
   u8 isAnchor;                   /* This is the PGroup.lru element */
   PgHdr1 *pNext;                 /* Next in hash table chain */
@@ -45224,6 +46156,12 @@
   PgHdr1 *pLruPrev;              /* Previous in LRU list of unpinned pages */
 };
 
+/*
+** A page is pinned if it is no on the LRU list
+*/
+#define PAGE_IS_PINNED(p)    ((p)->pLruNext==0)
+#define PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p)  ((p)->pLruNext!=0)
+
 /* Each page cache (or PCache) belongs to a PGroup.  A PGroup is a set 
 ** of one or more PCaches that are able to recycle each other's unpinned
 ** pages when they are under memory pressure.  A PGroup is an instance of
@@ -45251,7 +46189,7 @@
   unsigned int nMaxPage;         /* Sum of nMax for purgeable caches */
   unsigned int nMinPage;         /* Sum of nMin for purgeable caches */
   unsigned int mxPinned;         /* nMaxpage + 10 - nMinPage */
-  unsigned int nCurrentPage;     /* Number of purgeable pages allocated */
+  unsigned int nPurgeable;       /* Number of purgeable pages allocated */
   PgHdr1 lru;                    /* The beginning and end of the LRU list */
 };
 
@@ -45265,11 +46203,13 @@
 */
 struct PCache1 {
   /* Cache configuration parameters. Page size (szPage) and the purgeable
-  ** flag (bPurgeable) are set when the cache is created. nMax may be 
+  ** flag (bPurgeable) and the pnPurgeable pointer are all set when the
+  ** cache is created and are never changed thereafter. nMax may be 
   ** modified at any time by a call to the pcache1Cachesize() method.
   ** The PGroup mutex must be held when accessing nMax.
   */
   PGroup *pGroup;                     /* PGroup this cache belongs to */
+  unsigned int *pnPurgeable;          /* Pointer to pGroup->nPurgeable */
   int szPage;                         /* Size of database content section */
   int szExtra;                        /* sizeof(MemPage)+sizeof(PgHdr) */
   int szAlloc;                        /* Total size of one pcache line */
@@ -45364,6 +46304,7 @@
   if( pcache1.isInit ){
     PgFreeslot *p;
     if( pBuf==0 ) sz = n = 0;
+    if( n==0 ) sz = 0;
     sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz);
     pcache1.szSlot = sz;
     pcache1.nSlot = pcache1.nFreeSlot = n;
@@ -45556,9 +46497,7 @@
     p->isBulkLocal = 0;
     p->isAnchor = 0;
   }
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-    pCache->pGroup->nCurrentPage++;
-  }
+  (*pCache->pnPurgeable)++;
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -45579,9 +46518,7 @@
     sqlite3_free(p);
 #endif
   }
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-    pCache->pGroup->nCurrentPage--;
-  }
+  (*pCache->pnPurgeable)--;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -45676,22 +46613,18 @@
 ** The PGroup mutex must be held when this function is called.
 */
 static PgHdr1 *pcache1PinPage(PgHdr1 *pPage){
-  PCache1 *pCache;
-
   assert( pPage!=0 );
-  assert( pPage->isPinned==0 );
-  pCache = pPage->pCache;
+  assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) );
   assert( pPage->pLruNext );
   assert( pPage->pLruPrev );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCache->pGroup->mutex) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pCache->pGroup->mutex) );
   pPage->pLruPrev->pLruNext = pPage->pLruNext;
   pPage->pLruNext->pLruPrev = pPage->pLruPrev;
   pPage->pLruNext = 0;
   pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
-  pPage->isPinned = 1;
   assert( pPage->isAnchor==0 );
-  assert( pCache->pGroup->lru.isAnchor==1 );
-  pCache->nRecyclable--;
+  assert( pPage->pCache->pGroup->lru.isAnchor==1 );
+  pPage->pCache->nRecyclable--;
   return pPage;
 }
 
@@ -45725,11 +46658,11 @@
   PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;
   PgHdr1 *p;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pGroup->mutex) );
-  while( pGroup->nCurrentPage>pGroup->nMaxPage
+  while( pGroup->nPurgeable>pGroup->nMaxPage
       && (p=pGroup->lru.pLruPrev)->isAnchor==0
   ){
     assert( p->pCache->pGroup==pGroup );
-    assert( p->isPinned==0 );
+    assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );
     pcache1PinPage(p);
     pcache1RemoveFromHash(p, 1);
   }
@@ -45778,7 +46711,7 @@
       if( pPage->iKey>=iLimit ){
         pCache->nPage--;
         *pp = pPage->pNext;
-        if( !pPage->isPinned ) pcache1PinPage(pPage);
+        if( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) ) pcache1PinPage(pPage);
         pcache1FreePage(pPage);
       }else{
         pp = &pPage->pNext;
@@ -45896,6 +46829,10 @@
       pCache->nMin = 10;
       pGroup->nMinPage += pCache->nMin;
       pGroup->mxPinned = pGroup->nMaxPage + 10 - pGroup->nMinPage;
+      pCache->pnPurgeable = &pGroup->nPurgeable;
+    }else{
+      static unsigned int dummyCurrentPage;
+      pCache->pnPurgeable = &dummyCurrentPage;
     }
     pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);
     if( pCache->nHash==0 ){
@@ -45997,7 +46934,7 @@
   ){
     PCache1 *pOther;
     pPage = pGroup->lru.pLruPrev;
-    assert( pPage->isPinned==0 );
+    assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) );
     pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage, 0);
     pcache1PinPage(pPage);
     pOther = pPage->pCache;
@@ -46005,7 +46942,7 @@
       pcache1FreePage(pPage);
       pPage = 0;
     }else{
-      pGroup->nCurrentPage -= (pOther->bPurgeable - pCache->bPurgeable);
+      pGroup->nPurgeable -= (pOther->bPurgeable - pCache->bPurgeable);
     }
   }
 
@@ -46024,7 +46961,6 @@
     pPage->pCache = pCache;
     pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
     pPage->pLruNext = 0;
-    pPage->isPinned = 1;
     *(void **)pPage->page.pExtra = 0;
     pCache->apHash[h] = pPage;
     if( iKey>pCache->iMaxKey ){
@@ -46110,7 +47046,7 @@
   ** Otherwise (page not in hash and createFlag!=0) continue with
   ** subsequent steps to try to create the page. */
   if( pPage ){
-    if( !pPage->isPinned ){
+    if( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) ){
       return pcache1PinPage(pPage);
     }else{
       return pPage;
@@ -46185,9 +47121,9 @@
   ** part of the PGroup LRU list.
   */
   assert( pPage->pLruPrev==0 && pPage->pLruNext==0 );
-  assert( pPage->isPinned==1 );
+  assert( PAGE_IS_PINNED(pPage) );
 
-  if( reuseUnlikely || pGroup->nCurrentPage>pGroup->nMaxPage ){
+  if( reuseUnlikely || pGroup->nPurgeable>pGroup->nMaxPage ){
     pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage, 1);
   }else{
     /* Add the page to the PGroup LRU list. */
@@ -46196,7 +47132,6 @@
     (pPage->pLruNext = *ppFirst)->pLruPrev = pPage;
     *ppFirst = pPage;
     pCache->nRecyclable++;
-    pPage->isPinned = 0;
   }
 
   pcache1LeaveMutex(pCache->pGroup);
@@ -46340,7 +47275,7 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER
       nFree += sqlite3MemSize(p);
 #endif
-      assert( p->isPinned==0 );
+      assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );
       pcache1PinPage(p);
       pcache1RemoveFromHash(p, 1);
     }
@@ -46364,10 +47299,10 @@
   PgHdr1 *p;
   int nRecyclable = 0;
   for(p=pcache1.grp.lru.pLruNext; p && !p->isAnchor; p=p->pLruNext){
-    assert( p->isPinned==0 );
+    assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );
     nRecyclable++;
   }
-  *pnCurrent = pcache1.grp.nCurrentPage;
+  *pnCurrent = pcache1.grp.nPurgeable;
   *pnMax = (int)pcache1.grp.nMaxPage;
   *pnMin = (int)pcache1.grp.nMinPage;
   *pnRecyclable = nRecyclable;
@@ -46922,11 +47857,11 @@
 
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
-/* Additional values that can be added to the sync_flags argument of
-** sqlite3WalFrames():
+/* Macros for extracting appropriate sync flags for either transaction
+** commits (WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(X)) or for checkpoint ops (CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(X)):
 */
-#define WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS  0x20   /* Sync at the end of each transaction */
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_MASK       0x13   /* Mask off the SQLITE_SYNC_* values */
+#define WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(X)   ((X)&0x03)
+#define CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(X)  (((X)>>2)&0x03)
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 # define sqlite3WalOpen(x,y,z)                   0
@@ -47159,8 +48094,8 @@
 ** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an sqlite3_file
 ** struct as its argument.
 */
-#define PAGERID(p) ((int)(p->fd))
-#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) ((int)fd)
+#define PAGERID(p) (SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(p->fd))
+#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) (SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(fd))
 
 /*
 ** The Pager.eState variable stores the current 'state' of a pager. A
@@ -47647,6 +48582,18 @@
 **   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode 
 **   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX 
 **   sub-codes.
+**
+** syncFlags, walSyncFlags
+**
+**   syncFlags is either SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL (0x02) or SQLITE_SYNC_FULL (0x03).
+**   syncFlags is used for rollback mode.  walSyncFlags is used for WAL mode
+**   and contains the flags used to sync the checkpoint operations in the
+**   lower two bits, and sync flags used for transaction commits in the WAL
+**   file in bits 0x04 and 0x08.  In other words, to get the correct sync flags
+**   for checkpoint operations, use (walSyncFlags&0x03) and to get the correct
+**   sync flags for transaction commit, use ((walSyncFlags>>2)&0x03).  Note
+**   that with synchronous=NORMAL in WAL mode, transaction commit is not synced
+**   meaning that the 0x04 and 0x08 bits are both zero.
 */
 struct Pager {
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
@@ -47656,9 +48603,8 @@
   u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
   u8 fullSync;                /* Do extra syncs of the journal for robustness */
   u8 extraSync;               /* sync directory after journal delete */
-  u8 ckptSyncFlags;           /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for checkpoint */
-  u8 walSyncFlags;            /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for wal writes */
   u8 syncFlags;               /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL otherwise */
+  u8 walSyncFlags;            /* See description above */
   u8 tempFile;                /* zFilename is a temporary or immutable file */
   u8 noLock;                  /* Do not lock (except in WAL mode) */
   u8 readOnly;                /* True for a read-only database */
@@ -48228,10 +49174,12 @@
 
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
   dc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
+#else
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pPager);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  if( pPager->dbSize>0 && (dc&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC) ){
+  if( dc&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC ){
     return -1;
   }
 #endif
@@ -48335,6 +49283,7 @@
    || szJ<16
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-16, &len))
    || len>=nMaster 
+   || len>szJ-16
    || len==0 
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-12, &cksum))
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, aMagic, 8, szJ-8))
@@ -49826,6 +50775,7 @@
   char *zMaster = 0;       /* Name of master journal file if any */
   int needPagerReset;      /* True to reset page prior to first page rollback */
   int nPlayback = 0;       /* Total number of pages restored from journal */
+  u32 savedPageSize = pPager->pageSize;
 
   /* Figure out how many records are in the journal.  Abort early if
   ** the journal is empty.
@@ -49955,6 +50905,9 @@
   assert( 0 );
 
 end_playback:
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &savedPageSize, -1);
+  }
   /* Following a rollback, the database file should be back in its original
   ** state prior to the start of the transaction, so invoke the
   ** SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED file-control method to disable the
@@ -50013,7 +50966,8 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Read the content for page pPg out of the database file and into 
+** Read the content for page pPg out of the database file (or out of
+** the WAL if that is where the most recent copy if found) into 
 ** pPg->pData. A shared lock or greater must be held on the database
 ** file before this function is called.
 **
@@ -50023,30 +50977,33 @@
 ** If an IO error occurs, then the IO error is returned to the caller.
 ** Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */
-static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg, u32 iFrame){
+static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg){
   Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager; /* Pager object associated with page pPg */
-  Pgno pgno = pPg->pgno;       /* Page number to read */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;          /* Return code */
-  int pgsz = pPager->pageSize; /* Number of bytes to read */
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  u32 iFrame = 0;              /* Frame of WAL containing pgno */
 
   assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER && !MEMDB );
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pPg->pgno, &iFrame);
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+  }
   if( iFrame ){
-    /* Try to pull the page from the write-ahead log. */
-    rc = sqlite3WalReadFrame(pPager->pWal, iFrame, pgsz, pPg->pData);
+    rc = sqlite3WalReadFrame(pPager->pWal, iFrame,pPager->pageSize,pPg->pData);
   }else
 #endif
   {
-    i64 iOffset = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
-    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, pPg->pData, pgsz, iOffset);
+    i64 iOffset = (pPg->pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
+    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, pPg->pData, pPager->pageSize, iOffset);
     if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
 
-  if( pgno==1 ){
+  if( pPg->pgno==1 ){
     if( rc ){
       /* If the read is unsuccessful, set the dbFileVers[] to something
       ** that will never be a valid file version.  dbFileVers[] is a copy
@@ -50066,13 +51023,13 @@
       memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, dbFileVers, sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
     }
   }
-  CODEC1(pPager, pPg->pData, pgno, 3, rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
+  CODEC1(pPager, pPg->pData, pPg->pgno, 3, rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
 
   PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_readdb_count);
   PAGER_INCR(pPager->nRead);
-  IOTRACE(("PGIN %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
+  IOTRACE(("PGIN %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno));
   PAGERTRACE(("FETCH %d page %d hash(%08x)\n",
-               PAGERID(pPager), pgno, pager_pagehash(pPg)));
+               PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, pager_pagehash(pPg)));
 
   return rc;
 }
@@ -50123,11 +51080,7 @@
     if( sqlite3PcachePageRefcount(pPg)==1 ){
       sqlite3PcacheDrop(pPg);
     }else{
-      u32 iFrame = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pPg->pgno, &iFrame);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = readDbPage(pPg, iFrame);
-      }
+      rc = readDbPage(pPg);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         pPager->xReiniter(pPg);
       }
@@ -50299,7 +51252,7 @@
   nPage = sqlite3WalDbsize(pPager->pWal);
 
   /* If the number of pages in the database is not available from the
-  ** WAL sub-system, determine the page counte based on the size of
+  ** WAL sub-system, determine the page count based on the size of
   ** the database file.  If the size of the database file is not an
   ** integer multiple of the page-size, round up the result.
   */
@@ -50350,23 +51303,21 @@
 
   if( !pPager->tempFile ){
     int isWal;                    /* True if WAL file exists */
-    Pgno nPage;                   /* Size of the database file */
-
-    rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    if( nPage==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      isWal = 0;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
-          pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &isWal
-      );
-    }
+    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
+        pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &isWal
+    );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( isWal ){
-        testcase( sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
-        rc = sqlite3PagerOpenWal(pPager, 0);
+        Pgno nPage;                   /* Size of the database file */
+
+        rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+        if( rc ) return rc;
+        if( nPage==0 ){
+          rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, 0);
+        }else{
+          testcase( sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
+          rc = sqlite3PagerOpenWal(pPager, 0);
+        }
       }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
         pPager->journalMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE;
       }
@@ -50635,20 +51586,17 @@
   }
   if( pPager->noSync ){
     pPager->syncFlags = 0;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = 0;
   }else if( pgFlags & PAGER_FULLFSYNC ){
     pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
-  }else if( pgFlags & PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC ){
-    pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
   }else{
     pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
   }
-  pPager->walSyncFlags = pPager->syncFlags;
+  pPager->walSyncFlags = (pPager->syncFlags<<2);
   if( pPager->fullSync ){
-    pPager->walSyncFlags |= WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS;
+    pPager->walSyncFlags |= pPager->syncFlags;
+  }
+  if( (pgFlags & PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC) && !pPager->noSync ){
+    pPager->walSyncFlags |= (SQLITE_SYNC_FULL<<2);
   }
   if( pgFlags & PAGER_CACHESPILL ){
     pPager->doNotSpill &= ~SPILLFLAG_OFF;
@@ -51147,7 +52095,7 @@
   pPager->exclusiveMode = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
   assert( db || pPager->pWal==0 );
-  sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->ckptSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize,
+  sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->walSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize,
       (db && (db->flags & SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose) ? 0 : pTmp)
   );
   pPager->pWal = 0;
@@ -51955,13 +52903,11 @@
     assert( pPager->extraSync==0 );
     assert( pPager->syncFlags==0 );
     assert( pPager->walSyncFlags==0 );
-    assert( pPager->ckptSyncFlags==0 );
   }else{
     pPager->fullSync = 1;
     pPager->extraSync = 0;
     pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-    pPager->walSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL | WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
+    pPager->walSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL | (SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL<<2);
   }
   /* pPager->pFirst = 0; */
   /* pPager->pFirstSynced = 0; */
@@ -52316,19 +53262,14 @@
       ** detected.  The chance of an undetected change is so small that
       ** it can be neglected.
       */
-      Pgno nPage = 0;
       char dbFileVers[sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers)];
 
-      rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-      if( rc ) goto failed;
-
-      if( nPage>0 ){
-        IOTRACE(("CKVERS %p %d\n", pPager, sizeof(dbFileVers)));
-        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, &dbFileVers, sizeof(dbFileVers), 24);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
+      IOTRACE(("CKVERS %p %d\n", pPager, sizeof(dbFileVers)));
+      rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, &dbFileVers, sizeof(dbFileVers), 24);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
           goto failed;
         }
-      }else{
         memset(dbFileVers, 0, sizeof(dbFileVers));
       }
 
@@ -52386,7 +53327,8 @@
 ** nothing to rollback, so this routine is a no-op.
 */ 
 static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->nMmapOut==0 && (sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0) ){
+  if( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 ){
+    assert( pPager->nMmapOut==0 ); /* because page1 is never memory mapped */
     pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
   }
 }
@@ -52527,14 +53469,9 @@
       memset(pPg->pData, 0, pPager->pageSize);
       IOTRACE(("ZERO %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
     }else{
-      u32 iFrame = 0;                 /* Frame to read from WAL file */
-      if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
-        rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iFrame);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto pager_acquire_err;
-      }
       assert( pPg->pPager==pPager );
       pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_MISS]++;
-      rc = readDbPage(pPg, iFrame);
+      rc = readDbPage(pPg);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         goto pager_acquire_err;
       }
@@ -52608,7 +53545,7 @@
       }
       if( pPg==0 ){
         rc = pagerAcquireMapPage(pPager, pgno, pData, &pPg);
-     }else{
+      }else{
         sqlite3OsUnfetch(pPager->fd, (i64)(pgno-1)*pPager->pageSize, pData);
       }
       if( pPg ){
@@ -52677,25 +53614,39 @@
 /*
 ** Release a page reference.
 **
-** If the number of references to the page drop to zero, then the
-** page is added to the LRU list.  When all references to all pages
-** are released, a rollback occurs and the lock on the database is
-** removed.
+** The sqlite3PagerUnref() and sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull() may only be
+** used if we know that the page being released is not the last page.
+** The btree layer always holds page1 open until the end, so these first
+** to routines can be used to release any page other than BtShared.pPage1.
+**
+** Use sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne() to release page1.  This latter routine
+** checks the total number of outstanding pages and if the number of
+** pages reaches zero it drops the database lock.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(DbPage *pPg){
-  Pager *pPager;
+  TESTONLY( Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager; )
   assert( pPg!=0 );
-  pPager = pPg->pPager;
   if( pPg->flags & PGHDR_MMAP ){
+    assert( pPg->pgno!=1 );  /* Page1 is never memory mapped */
     pagerReleaseMapPage(pPg);
   }else{
     sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
   }
-  pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
+  /* Do not use this routine to release the last reference to page1 */
+  assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)>0 );
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage *pPg){
   if( pPg ) sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(pPg);
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage *pPg){
+  Pager *pPager;
+  assert( pPg!=0 );
+  assert( pPg->pgno==1 );
+  assert( (pPg->flags & PGHDR_MMAP)==0 ); /* Page1 is never memory mapped */
+  pPager = pPg->pPager;
+  sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
+  pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
+}
 
 /*
 ** This function is called at the start of every write transaction.
@@ -53514,9 +54465,8 @@
       if( bBatch ){
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
-        }
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3OsFileControlHint(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
         }
       }
 
@@ -54420,7 +55370,7 @@
     rc = sqlite3WalCheckpoint(pPager->pWal, db, eMode,
         (eMode==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ? 0 : pPager->xBusyHandler),
         pPager->pBusyHandlerArg,
-        pPager->ckptSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize, (u8 *)pPager->pTmpSpace,
+        pPager->walSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize, (u8 *)pPager->pTmpSpace,
         pnLog, pnCkpt
     );
   }
@@ -54577,7 +55527,7 @@
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->pWal ){
     rc = pagerExclusiveLock(pPager);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->ckptSyncFlags,
+      rc = sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->walSyncFlags,
                            pPager->pageSize, (u8*)pPager->pTmpSpace);
       pPager->pWal = 0;
       pagerFixMaplimit(pPager);
@@ -54783,6 +55733,10 @@
 ** on a network filesystem.  All users of the database must be able to
 ** share memory.
 **
+** In the default unix and windows implementation, the wal-index is a mmapped
+** file whose name is the database name with a "-shm" suffix added.  For that
+** reason, the wal-index is sometimes called the "shm" file.
+**
 ** The wal-index is transient.  After a crash, the wal-index can (and should
 ** be) reconstructed from the original WAL file.  In fact, the VFS is required
 ** to either truncate or zero the header of the wal-index when the last
@@ -54922,9 +55876,18 @@
 #define WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION 3007000
 
 /*
-** Indices of various locking bytes.   WAL_NREADER is the number
+** Index numbers for various locking bytes.   WAL_NREADER is the number
 ** of available reader locks and should be at least 3.  The default
 ** is SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK==8 and  WAL_NREADER==5.
+**
+** Technically, the various VFSes are free to implement these locks however
+** they see fit.  However, compatibility is encouraged so that VFSes can
+** interoperate.  The standard implemention used on both unix and windows
+** is for the index number to indicate a byte offset into the
+** WalCkptInfo.aLock[] array in the wal-index header.  In other words, all
+** locks are on the shm file.  The WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET constant (which
+** should be 120) is the location in the shm file for the first locking
+** byte.
 */
 #define WAL_WRITE_LOCK         0
 #define WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE      1
@@ -55048,7 +56011,6 @@
 #define WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE 24
 
 /* Size of write ahead log header, including checksum. */
-/* #define WAL_HDRSIZE 24 */
 #define WAL_HDRSIZE 32
 
 /* WAL magic value. Either this value, or the same value with the least
@@ -55094,6 +56056,7 @@
   u8 truncateOnCommit;       /* True to truncate WAL file on commit */
   u8 syncHeader;             /* Fsync the WAL header if true */
   u8 padToSectorBoundary;    /* Pad transactions out to the next sector */
+  u8 bShmUnreliable;         /* SHM content is read-only and unreliable */
   WalIndexHdr hdr;           /* Wal-index header for current transaction */
   u32 minFrame;              /* Ignore wal frames before this one */
   u32 iReCksum;              /* On commit, recalculate checksums from here */
@@ -55183,6 +56146,11 @@
 ** is broken into pages of WALINDEX_PGSZ bytes. Wal-index pages are
 ** numbered from zero.
 **
+** If the wal-index is currently smaller the iPage pages then the size
+** of the wal-index might be increased, but only if it is safe to do
+** so.  It is safe to enlarge the wal-index if pWal->writeLock is true
+** or pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE.
+**
 ** If this call is successful, *ppPage is set to point to the wal-index
 ** page and SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error (an OOM or VFS error) occurs,
 ** then an SQLite error code is returned and *ppPage is set to 0.
@@ -55214,9 +56182,13 @@
       rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, iPage, WALINDEX_PGSZ, 
           pWal->writeLock, (void volatile **)&pWal->apWiData[iPage]
       );
-      if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY ){
+      assert( pWal->apWiData[iPage]!=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK || pWal->writeLock==0 );
+      testcase( pWal->apWiData[iPage]==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK );
+      if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_READONLY ){
         pWal->readOnly |= WAL_SHM_RDONLY;
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -55738,7 +56710,6 @@
   i64 nSize;                      /* Size of log file */
   u32 aFrameCksum[2] = {0, 0};
   int iLock;                      /* Lock offset to lock for checkpoint */
-  int nLock;                      /* Number of locks to hold */
 
   /* Obtain an exclusive lock on all byte in the locking range not already
   ** locked by the caller. The caller is guaranteed to have locked the
@@ -55751,11 +56722,17 @@
   assert( WAL_CKPT_LOCK==WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE );
   assert( pWal->writeLock );
   iLock = WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE + pWal->ckptLock;
-  nLock = SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK - iLock;
-  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, iLock, nLock);
+  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
+    }
+  }
   if( rc ){
     return rc;
   }
+
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery begin...\n", pWal));
 
   memset(&pWal->hdr, 0, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
@@ -55893,7 +56870,8 @@
 
 recovery_error:
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
-  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, nLock);
+  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
+  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -55901,13 +56879,14 @@
 ** Close an open wal-index.
 */
 static void walIndexClose(Wal *pWal, int isDelete){
-  if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
+  if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE || pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<pWal->nWiData; i++){
       sqlite3_free((void *)pWal->apWiData[i]);
       pWal->apWiData[i] = 0;
     }
-  }else{
+  }
+  if( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
     sqlite3OsShmUnmap(pWal->pDbFd, isDelete);
   }
 }
@@ -56449,9 +57428,7 @@
       pInfo->nBackfillAttempted = mxSafeFrame;
 
       /* Sync the WAL to disk */
-      if( sync_flags ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags);
-      }
+      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
 
       /* If the database may grow as a result of this checkpoint, hint
       ** about the eventual size of the db file to the VFS layer.
@@ -56492,8 +57469,8 @@
           i64 szDb = pWal->hdr.nPage*(i64)szPage;
           testcase( IS_BIG_INT(szDb) );
           rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pWal->pDbFd, szDb);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sync_flags ){
-            rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pDbFd, sync_flags);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pDbFd, CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
           }
         }
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -56703,6 +57680,12 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** This is the value that walTryBeginRead returns when it needs to
+** be retried.
+*/
+#define WAL_RETRY  (-1)
+
+/*
 ** Read the wal-index header from the wal-index and into pWal->hdr.
 ** If the wal-header appears to be corrupt, try to reconstruct the
 ** wal-index from the WAL before returning.
@@ -56725,9 +57708,29 @@
   assert( pChanged );
   rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  };
-  assert( page0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_READONLY ); /* READONLY changed to OK in walIndexPage */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ){
+      /* The SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT return means that the shared-memory
+      ** was openable but is not writable, and this thread is unable to
+      ** confirm that another write-capable connection has the shared-memory
+      ** open, and hence the content of the shared-memory is unreliable,
+      ** since the shared-memory might be inconsistent with the WAL file
+      ** and there is no writer on hand to fix it. */
+      assert( page0==0 );
+      assert( pWal->writeLock==0 );
+      assert( pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY );
+      pWal->bShmUnreliable = 1;
+      pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE;
+      *pChanged = 1;
+    }else{
+      return rc; /* Any other non-OK return is just an error */
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* page0 can be NULL if the SHM is zero bytes in size and pWal->writeLock
+    ** is zero, which prevents the SHM from growing */
+    testcase( page0!=0 );
+  }
+  assert( page0!=0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
 
   /* If the first page of the wal-index has been mapped, try to read the
   ** wal-index header immediately, without holding any lock. This usually
@@ -56741,7 +57744,7 @@
   */
   assert( badHdr==0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
   if( badHdr ){
-    if( pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY ){
+    if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 && (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY) ){
       if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK)) ){
         walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK);
         rc = SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY;
@@ -56771,15 +57774,193 @@
   if( badHdr==0 && pWal->hdr.iVersion!=WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION ){
     rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
   }
+  if( pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      walIndexClose(pWal, 0);
+      pWal->bShmUnreliable = 0;
+      assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0]==0 );
+      /* walIndexRecover() might have returned SHORT_READ if a concurrent
+      ** writer truncated the WAL out from under it.  If that happens, it
+      ** indicates that a writer has fixed the SHM file for us, so retry */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ) rc = WAL_RETRY;
+    }
+    pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
+  }
 
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** This is the value that walTryBeginRead returns when it needs to
-** be retried.
+** Open a transaction in a connection where the shared-memory is read-only
+** and where we cannot verify that there is a separate write-capable connection
+** on hand to keep the shared-memory up-to-date with the WAL file.
+**
+** This can happen, for example, when the shared-memory is implemented by
+** memory-mapping a *-shm file, where a prior writer has shut down and
+** left the *-shm file on disk, and now the present connection is trying
+** to use that database but lacks write permission on the *-shm file.
+** Other scenarios are also possible, depending on the VFS implementation.
+**
+** Precondition:
+**
+**    The *-wal file has been read and an appropriate wal-index has been
+**    constructed in pWal->apWiData[] using heap memory instead of shared
+**    memory. 
+**
+** If this function returns SQLITE_OK, then the read transaction has
+** been successfully opened. In this case output variable (*pChanged) 
+** is set to true before returning if the caller should discard the
+** contents of the page cache before proceeding. Or, if it returns 
+** WAL_RETRY, then the heap memory wal-index has been discarded and 
+** the caller should retry opening the read transaction from the 
+** beginning (including attempting to map the *-shm file). 
+**
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned.
 */
-#define WAL_RETRY  (-1)
+static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
+  i64 szWal;                      /* Size of wal file on disk in bytes */
+  i64 iOffset;                    /* Current offset when reading wal file */
+  u8 aBuf[WAL_HDRSIZE];           /* Buffer to load WAL header into */
+  u8 *aFrame = 0;                 /* Malloc'd buffer to load entire frame */
+  int szFrame;                    /* Number of bytes in buffer aFrame[] */
+  u8 *aData;                      /* Pointer to data part of aFrame buffer */
+  volatile void *pDummy;          /* Dummy argument for xShmMap */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+  u32 aSaveCksum[2];              /* Saved copy of pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum */
+
+  assert( pWal->bShmUnreliable );
+  assert( pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY );
+  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
+
+  /* Take WAL_READ_LOCK(0). This has the effect of preventing any
+  ** writers from running a checkpoint, but does not stop them
+  ** from running recovery.  */
+  rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ) rc = WAL_RETRY;
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  pWal->readLock = 0;
+
+  /* Check to see if a separate writer has attached to the shared-memory area,
+  ** thus making the shared-memory "reliable" again.  Do this by invoking
+  ** the xShmMap() routine of the VFS and looking to see if the return
+  ** is SQLITE_READONLY instead of SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT.
+  **
+  ** If the shared-memory is now "reliable" return WAL_RETRY, which will
+  ** cause the heap-memory WAL-index to be discarded and the actual
+  ** shared memory to be used in its place.
+  **
+  ** This step is important because, even though this connection is holding
+  ** the WAL_READ_LOCK(0) which prevents a checkpoint, a writer might
+  ** have already checkpointed the WAL file and, while the current
+  ** is active, wrap the WAL and start overwriting frames that this
+  ** process wants to use.
+  **
+  ** Once sqlite3OsShmMap() has been called for an sqlite3_file and has
+  ** returned any SQLITE_READONLY value, it must return only SQLITE_READONLY
+  ** or SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT or some error for all subsequent invocations,
+  ** even if some external agent does a "chmod" to make the shared-memory
+  ** writable by us, until sqlite3OsShmUnmap() has been called.
+  ** This is a requirement on the VFS implementation.
+   */
+  rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, 0, WALINDEX_PGSZ, 0, &pDummy);
+  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK ); /* SQLITE_OK not possible for read-only connection */
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ){
+    rc = (rc==SQLITE_READONLY ? WAL_RETRY : rc);
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+
+  /* We reach this point only if the real shared-memory is still unreliable.
+  ** Assume the in-memory WAL-index substitute is correct and load it
+  ** into pWal->hdr.
+  */
+  memcpy(&pWal->hdr, (void*)walIndexHdr(pWal), sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
+
+  /* Make sure some writer hasn't come in and changed the WAL file out
+  ** from under us, then disconnected, while we were not looking.
+  */
+  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pWal->pWalFd, &szWal);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  if( szWal<WAL_HDRSIZE ){
+    /* If the wal file is too small to contain a wal-header and the
+    ** wal-index header has mxFrame==0, then it must be safe to proceed
+    ** reading the database file only. However, the page cache cannot
+    ** be trusted, as a read/write connection may have connected, written
+    ** the db, run a checkpoint, truncated the wal file and disconnected
+    ** since this client's last read transaction.  */
+    *pChanged = 1;
+    rc = (pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0 ? SQLITE_OK : WAL_RETRY);
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+
+  /* Check the salt keys at the start of the wal file still match. */
+  rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aBuf, WAL_HDRSIZE, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aBuf[16], 8) ){
+    /* Some writer has wrapped the WAL file while we were not looking.
+    ** Return WAL_RETRY which will cause the in-memory WAL-index to be
+    ** rebuilt. */
+    rc = WAL_RETRY;
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate a buffer to read frames into */
+  szFrame = pWal->hdr.szPage + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
+  aFrame = (u8 *)sqlite3_malloc64(szFrame);
+  if( aFrame==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  aData = &aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE];
+
+  /* Check to see if a complete transaction has been appended to the
+  ** wal file since the heap-memory wal-index was created. If so, the
+  ** heap-memory wal-index is discarded and WAL_RETRY returned to
+  ** the caller.  */
+  aSaveCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
+  aSaveCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
+  for(iOffset=walFrameOffset(pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1, pWal->hdr.szPage); 
+      iOffset+szFrame<=szWal; 
+      iOffset+=szFrame
+  ){
+    u32 pgno;                   /* Database page number for frame */
+    u32 nTruncate;              /* dbsize field from frame header */
+
+    /* Read and decode the next log frame. */
+    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, szFrame, iOffset);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    if( !walDecodeFrame(pWal, &pgno, &nTruncate, aData, aFrame) ) break;
+
+    /* If nTruncate is non-zero, then a complete transaction has been
+    ** appended to this wal file. Set rc to WAL_RETRY and break out of
+    ** the loop.  */
+    if( nTruncate ){
+      rc = WAL_RETRY;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aSaveCksum[0];
+  pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aSaveCksum[1];
+
+ begin_unreliable_shm_out:
+  sqlite3_free(aFrame);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pWal->nWiData; i++){
+      sqlite3_free((void*)pWal->apWiData[i]);
+      pWal->apWiData[i] = 0;
+    }
+    pWal->bShmUnreliable = 0;
+    sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(pWal);
+    *pChanged = 1;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Attempt to start a read transaction.  This might fail due to a race or
@@ -56795,7 +57976,7 @@
 ** checkpointed.  If useWal==0 then this routine calls walIndexReadHdr() 
 ** to make a copy of the wal-index header into pWal->hdr.  If the 
 ** wal-index header has changed, *pChanged is set to 1 (as an indication 
-** to the caller that the local paget cache is obsolete and needs to be 
+** to the caller that the local page cache is obsolete and needs to be 
 ** flushed.)  When useWal==1, the wal-index header is assumed to already
 ** be loaded and the pChanged parameter is unused.
 **
@@ -56841,6 +58022,9 @@
 
   assert( pWal->readLock<0 );     /* Not currently locked */
 
+  /* useWal may only be set for read/write connections */
+  assert( (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)==0 || useWal==0 );
+
   /* Take steps to avoid spinning forever if there is a protocol error.
   **
   ** Circumstances that cause a RETRY should only last for the briefest
@@ -56869,7 +58053,10 @@
   }
 
   if( !useWal ){
-    rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+    if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 ){
+      rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
+    }
     if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
       /* If there is not a recovery running in another thread or process
       ** then convert BUSY errors to WAL_RETRY.  If recovery is known to
@@ -56898,13 +58085,17 @@
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
     }
+    else if( pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
+      return walBeginShmUnreliable(pWal, pChanged);
+    }
   }
 
+  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 );
+  assert( pWal->apWiData[0]!=0 );
   pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
-  if( !useWal && pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame 
+  if( !useWal && pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
-   && (pWal->pSnapshot==0 || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0
-     || 0==memcmp(&pWal->hdr, pWal->pSnapshot, sizeof(WalIndexHdr)))
+   && (pWal->pSnapshot==0 || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0)
 #endif
   ){
     /* The WAL has been completely backfilled (or it is empty).
@@ -56975,7 +58166,7 @@
   }
   if( mxI==0 ){
     assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)!=0 );
-    return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK;
+    return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
   }
 
   rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
@@ -57247,7 +58438,7 @@
   ** then the WAL is ignored by the reader so return early, as if the 
   ** WAL were empty.
   */
-  if( iLast==0 || pWal->readLock==0 ){
+  if( iLast==0 || (pWal->readLock==0 && pWal->bShmUnreliable==0) ){
     *piRead = 0;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -57310,8 +58501,8 @@
   {
     u32 iRead2 = 0;
     u32 iTest;
-    assert( pWal->minFrame>0 );
-    for(iTest=iLast; iTest>=pWal->minFrame; iTest--){
+    assert( pWal->bShmUnreliable || pWal->minFrame>0 );
+    for(iTest=iLast; iTest>=pWal->minFrame && iTest>0; iTest--){
       if( walFramePgno(pWal, iTest)==pgno ){
         iRead2 = iTest;
         break;
@@ -57599,8 +58790,8 @@
     iOffset += iFirstAmt;
     iAmt -= iFirstAmt;
     pContent = (void*)(iFirstAmt + (char*)pContent);
-    assert( p->syncFlags & (SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL|SQLITE_SYNC_FULL) );
-    rc = sqlite3OsSync(p->pFd, p->syncFlags & SQLITE_SYNC_MASK);
+    assert( WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(p->syncFlags)!=0 );
+    rc = sqlite3OsSync(p->pFd, WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(p->syncFlags));
     if( iAmt==0 || rc ) return rc;
   }
   rc = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pFd, pContent, iAmt, iOffset);
@@ -57770,10 +58961,10 @@
     ** an out-of-order write following a WAL restart could result in
     ** database corruption.  See the ticket:
     **
-    **     http://localhost:591/sqlite/info/ff5be73dee
+    **     https://sqlite.org/src/info/ff5be73dee
     */
-    if( pWal->syncHeader && sync_flags ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags & SQLITE_SYNC_MASK);
+    if( pWal->syncHeader ){
+      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
       if( rc ) return rc;
     }
   }
@@ -57848,7 +59039,7 @@
   ** sector boundary is synced; the part of the last frame that extends
   ** past the sector boundary is written after the sync.
   */
-  if( isCommit && (sync_flags & WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS)!=0 ){
+  if( isCommit && WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags)!=0 ){
     int bSync = 1;
     if( pWal->padToSectorBoundary ){
       int sectorSize = sqlite3SectorSize(pWal->pWalFd);
@@ -57864,7 +59055,7 @@
     }
     if( bSync ){
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-      rc = sqlite3OsSync(w.pFd, sync_flags & SQLITE_SYNC_MASK);
+      rc = sqlite3OsSync(w.pFd, WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
     }
   }
 
@@ -58087,24 +59278,24 @@
   assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || (op<=0 && pWal->exclusiveMode==0) );
 
   if( op==0 ){
-    if( pWal->exclusiveMode ){
-      pWal->exclusiveMode = 0;
+    if( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_NORMAL_MODE ){
+      pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
       if( walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        pWal->exclusiveMode = 1;
+        pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE;
       }
-      rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==0;
+      rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
     }else{
       /* Already in locking_mode=NORMAL */
       rc = 0;
     }
   }else if( op>0 ){
-    assert( pWal->exclusiveMode==0 );
+    assert( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE );
     assert( pWal->readLock>=0 );
     walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock));
-    pWal->exclusiveMode = 1;
+    pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE;
     rc = 1;
   }else{
-    rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==0;
+    rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -58660,10 +59851,12 @@
 #define BTS_READ_ONLY        0x0001   /* Underlying file is readonly */
 #define BTS_PAGESIZE_FIXED   0x0002   /* Page size can no longer be changed */
 #define BTS_SECURE_DELETE    0x0004   /* PRAGMA secure_delete is enabled */
-#define BTS_INITIALLY_EMPTY  0x0008   /* Database was empty at trans start */
-#define BTS_NO_WAL           0x0010   /* Do not open write-ahead-log files */
-#define BTS_EXCLUSIVE        0x0020   /* pWriter has an exclusive lock */
-#define BTS_PENDING          0x0040   /* Waiting for read-locks to clear */
+#define BTS_OVERWRITE        0x0008   /* Overwrite deleted content with zeros */
+#define BTS_FAST_SECURE      0x000c   /* Combination of the previous two */
+#define BTS_INITIALLY_EMPTY  0x0010   /* Database was empty at trans start */
+#define BTS_NO_WAL           0x0020   /* Do not open write-ahead-log files */
+#define BTS_EXCLUSIVE        0x0040   /* pWriter has an exclusive lock */
+#define BTS_PENDING          0x0080   /* Waiting for read-locks to clear */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure is used to hold information
@@ -58709,6 +59902,11 @@
 **    eState==FAULT:                   Cursor fault with skipNext as error code.
 */
 struct BtCursor {
+  u8 eState;                /* One of the CURSOR_XXX constants (see below) */
+  u8 curFlags;              /* zero or more BTCF_* flags defined below */
+  u8 curPagerFlags;         /* Flags to send to sqlite3PagerGet() */
+  u8 hints;                 /* As configured by CursorSetHints() */
+  int nOvflAlloc;           /* Allocated size of aOverflow[] array */
   Btree *pBtree;            /* The Btree to which this cursor belongs */
   BtShared *pBt;            /* The BtShared this cursor points to */
   BtCursor *pNext;          /* Forms a linked list of all cursors */
@@ -58717,13 +59915,8 @@
   i64 nKey;                 /* Size of pKey, or last integer key */
   void *pKey;               /* Saved key that was cursor last known position */
   Pgno pgnoRoot;            /* The root page of this tree */
-  int nOvflAlloc;           /* Allocated size of aOverflow[] array */
   int skipNext;    /* Prev() is noop if negative. Next() is noop if positive.
                    ** Error code if eState==CURSOR_FAULT */
-  u8 curFlags;              /* zero or more BTCF_* flags defined below */
-  u8 curPagerFlags;         /* Flags to send to sqlite3PagerGet() */
-  u8 eState;                /* One of the CURSOR_XXX constants (see below) */
-  u8 hints;                 /* As configured by CursorSetHints() */
   /* All fields above are zeroed when the cursor is allocated.  See
   ** sqlite3BtreeCursorZero().  Fields that follow must be manually
   ** initialized. */
@@ -58732,7 +59925,8 @@
   u16 ix;                   /* Current index for apPage[iPage] */
   u16 aiIdx[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1];     /* Current index in apPage[i] */
   struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;            /* Arg passed to comparison function */
-  MemPage *apPage[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH]; /* Pages from root to current page */
+  MemPage *pPage;                        /* Current page */
+  MemPage *apPage[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1]; /* Stack of parents of current page */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -59321,6 +60515,34 @@
   #define hasReadConflicts(a, b) 0
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Implementation of the SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE() macro. Takes a single
+** (MemPage*) as an argument. The (MemPage*) must not be NULL.
+**
+** If SQLITE_DEBUG is not defined, then this macro is equivalent to
+** SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT. Or, if SQLITE_DEBUG is set, then the log message
+** normally produced as a side-effect of SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT is augmented
+** with the page number and filename associated with the (MemPage*).
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+int corruptPageError(int lineno, MemPage *p){
+  char *zMsg;
+  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+  zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("database corruption page %d of %s",
+      (int)p->pgno, sqlite3PagerFilename(p->pBt->pPager, 0)
+  );
+  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+  if( zMsg ){
+    sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, zMsg);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+}
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pMemPage) corruptPageError(__LINE__, pMemPage)
+#else
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pMemPage) SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pMemPage->pgno)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -59361,7 +60583,7 @@
   ** Return true immediately.
   */
   if( (pBtree->sharable==0)
-   || (eLockType==READ_LOCK && (pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted))
+   || (eLockType==READ_LOCK && (pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit))
   ){
     return 1;
   }
@@ -59438,7 +60660,7 @@
   for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
     if( p->pgnoRoot==iRoot 
      && p->pBtree!=pBtree
-     && 0==(p->pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)
+     && 0==(p->pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit)
     ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -59460,7 +60682,7 @@
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
   assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
   assert( p->db!=0 );
-  assert( !(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)||eLock==WRITE_LOCK||iTab==1 );
+  assert( !(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit)||eLock==WRITE_LOCK||iTab==1 );
   
   /* If requesting a write-lock, then the Btree must have an open write
   ** transaction on this file. And, obviously, for this to be so there 
@@ -59538,7 +60760,7 @@
   ** obtain a read-lock using this function. The only read-lock obtained
   ** by a connection in read-uncommitted mode is on the sqlite_master 
   ** table, and that lock is obtained in BtreeBeginTrans().  */
-  assert( 0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
+  assert( 0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit) || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
 
   /* This function should only be called on a sharable b-tree after it 
   ** has been determined that no other b-tree holds a conflicting lock.  */
@@ -59648,7 +60870,9 @@
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
 
-static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage);  /* Forward reference */
+static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage);         /* Forward reference */
+static void releasePageOne(MemPage *pPage);      /* Forward reference */
+static void releasePageNotNull(MemPage *pPage);  /* Forward reference */
 
 /*
 ***** This routine is used inside of assert() only ****
@@ -59807,11 +61031,13 @@
 */
 static void btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(BtCursor *pCur){
   int i;
-  for(i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-    releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-    pCur->apPage[i] = 0;
+  if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
+      releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[i]);
+    }
+    releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
+    pCur->iPage = -1;
   }
-  pCur->iPage = -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -59940,7 +61166,7 @@
           return rc;
         }
       }else{
-        testcase( p->iPage>0 );
+        testcase( p->iPage>=0 );
         btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(p);
       }
     }
@@ -60045,6 +61271,17 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return a pointer to a fake BtCursor object that will always answer
+** false to the sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved() routine above.  The fake
+** cursor returned must not be used with any other Btree interface.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE BtCursor *sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor(void){
+  static u8 fakeCursor = CURSOR_VALID;
+  assert( offsetof(BtCursor, eState)==0 );
+  return (BtCursor*)&fakeCursor;
+}
+
+/*
 ** This routine restores a cursor back to its original position after it
 ** has been moved by some outside activity (such as a btree rebalance or
 ** a row having been deleted out from under the cursor).  
@@ -60209,7 +61446,7 @@
   if( pPgno ) *pPgno = get4byte(&pPtrmap[offset+1]);
 
   sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
-  if( *pEType<1 || *pEType>5 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  if( *pEType<1 || *pEType>5 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iPtrmap);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -60593,8 +61830,11 @@
         int sz2 = 0;
         int sz = get2byte(&data[iFree+2]);
         int top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+        if( top>=iFree ){
+          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+        }
         if( iFree2 ){
-          if( iFree+sz>iFree2 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          assert( iFree+sz<=iFree2 ); /* Verified by pageFindSlot() */
           sz2 = get2byte(&data[iFree2+2]);
           assert( iFree+sz+sz2+iFree2-(iFree+sz) <= usableSize );
           memmove(&data[iFree+sz+sz2], &data[iFree+sz], iFree2-(iFree+sz));
@@ -60625,13 +61865,13 @@
     ** if PRAGMA cell_size_check=ON.
     */
     if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     assert( pc>=iCellFirst && pc<=iCellLast );
     size = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &src[pc]);
     cbrk -= size;
     if( cbrk<iCellFirst || pc+size>usableSize ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     assert( cbrk+size<=usableSize && cbrk>=iCellFirst );
     testcase( cbrk+size==usableSize );
@@ -60651,7 +61891,7 @@
 
  defragment_out:
   if( data[hdr+7]+cbrk-iCellFirst!=pPage->nFree ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   assert( cbrk>=iCellFirst );
   put2byte(&data[hdr+5], cbrk);
@@ -60683,16 +61923,10 @@
   int pc = get2byte(&aData[iAddr]);
   int x;
   int usableSize = pPg->pBt->usableSize;
+  int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
 
   assert( pc>0 );
-  do{
-    int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-06866-39125 Freeblocks are always connected in order of
-    ** increasing offset. */
-    if( pc>usableSize-4 || pc<iAddr+4 ){
-      *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      return 0;
-    }
+  while( pc<=usableSize-4 ){
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-22710-53328 The third and fourth bytes of each
     ** freeblock form a big-endian integer which is the size of the freeblock
     ** in bytes, including the 4-byte header. */
@@ -60700,8 +61934,8 @@
     if( (x = size - nByte)>=0 ){
       testcase( x==4 );
       testcase( x==3 );
-      if( pc < pPg->cellOffset+2*pPg->nCell || size+pc > usableSize ){
-        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( size+pc > usableSize ){
+        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
         return 0;
       }else if( x<4 ){
         /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-11498-58022 In a well-formed b-tree page, the total
@@ -60721,7 +61955,11 @@
     }
     iAddr = pc;
     pc = get2byte(&aData[pc]);
-  }while( pc );
+    if( pc<iAddr+size ) break;
+  }
+  if( pc ){
+    *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
+  }
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -60768,7 +62006,7 @@
     if( top==0 && pPage->pBt->usableSize==65536 ){
       top = 65536;
     }else{
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
   }
 
@@ -60835,7 +62073,7 @@
   u8 hdr;                               /* Page header size.  0 or 100 */
   u8 nFrag = 0;                         /* Reduction in fragmentation */
   u16 iOrigSize = iSize;                /* Original value of iSize */
-  u32 iLast = pPage->pBt->usableSize-4; /* Largest possible freeblock offset */
+  u16 x;                                /* Offset to cell content area */
   u32 iEnd = iStart + iSize;            /* First byte past the iStart buffer */
   unsigned char *data = pPage->aData;   /* Page content */
 
@@ -60845,13 +62083,7 @@
   assert( CORRUPT_DB || iEnd <= pPage->pBt->usableSize );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
   assert( iSize>=4 );   /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
-  assert( iStart<=iLast );
-
-  /* Overwrite deleted information with zeros when the secure_delete
-  ** option is enabled */
-  if( pPage->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE ){
-    memset(&data[iStart], 0, iSize);
-  }
+  assert( iStart<=pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 );
 
   /* The list of freeblocks must be in ascending order.  Find the 
   ** spot on the list where iStart should be inserted.
@@ -60864,11 +62096,13 @@
     while( (iFreeBlk = get2byte(&data[iPtr]))<iStart ){
       if( iFreeBlk<iPtr+4 ){
         if( iFreeBlk==0 ) break;
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       iPtr = iFreeBlk;
     }
-    if( iFreeBlk>iLast ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( iFreeBlk>pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
     assert( iFreeBlk>iPtr || iFreeBlk==0 );
   
     /* At this point:
@@ -60879,9 +62113,11 @@
     */
     if( iFreeBlk && iEnd+3>=iFreeBlk ){
       nFrag = iFreeBlk - iEnd;
-      if( iEnd>iFreeBlk ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( iEnd>iFreeBlk ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       iEnd = iFreeBlk + get2byte(&data[iFreeBlk+2]);
-      if( iEnd > pPage->pBt->usableSize ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( iEnd > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
       iSize = iEnd - iStart;
       iFreeBlk = get2byte(&data[iFreeBlk]);
     }
@@ -60893,28 +62129,34 @@
     if( iPtr>hdr+1 ){
       int iPtrEnd = iPtr + get2byte(&data[iPtr+2]);
       if( iPtrEnd+3>=iStart ){
-        if( iPtrEnd>iStart ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        if( iPtrEnd>iStart ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
         nFrag += iStart - iPtrEnd;
         iSize = iEnd - iPtr;
         iStart = iPtr;
       }
     }
-    if( nFrag>data[hdr+7] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( nFrag>data[hdr+7] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     data[hdr+7] -= nFrag;
   }
-  if( iStart==get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) ){
+  x = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+  if( iStart<=x ){
     /* The new freeblock is at the beginning of the cell content area,
     ** so just extend the cell content area rather than create another
     ** freelist entry */
-    if( iPtr!=hdr+1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( iStart<x || iPtr!=hdr+1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     put2byte(&data[hdr+1], iFreeBlk);
     put2byte(&data[hdr+5], iEnd);
   }else{
     /* Insert the new freeblock into the freelist */
     put2byte(&data[iPtr], iStart);
-    put2byte(&data[iStart], iFreeBlk);
-    put2byte(&data[iStart+2], iSize);
   }
+  if( pPage->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE ){
+    /* Overwrite deleted information with zeros when the secure_delete
+    ** option is enabled */
+    memset(&data[iStart], 0, iSize);
+  }
+  put2byte(&data[iStart], iFreeBlk);
+  put2byte(&data[iStart+2], iSize);
   pPage->nFree += iOrigSize;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -60974,7 +62216,7 @@
   }else{
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-47608-56469 Any other value for the b-tree page type is
     ** an error. */
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   pPage->max1bytePayload = pBt->max1bytePayload;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -60990,6 +62232,16 @@
 ** we failed to detect any corruption.
 */
 static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
+  int pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
+  u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
+  u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
+  BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
+  int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
+  u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
+  int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
+  int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
+  int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
+  int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
 
   assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
   assert( pPage->pBt->db!=0 );
@@ -60997,127 +62249,119 @@
   assert( pPage->pgno==sqlite3PagerPagenumber(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage == sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->aData == sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) );
+  assert( pPage->isInit==0 );
 
-  if( !pPage->isInit ){
-    int pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
-    u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
-    u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
-    BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
-    int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
-    u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
-    int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
-    int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
-    int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
-    int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
-
-    pBt = pPage->pBt;
-
-    hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-    data = pPage->aData;
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28594-02890 The one-byte flag at offset 0 indicating
-    ** the b-tree page type. */
-    if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
-    pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
-    pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-    usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
-    pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize;
-    pPage->aDataEnd = &data[usableSize];
-    pPage->aCellIdx = &data[cellOffset];
-    pPage->aDataOfst = &data[pPage->childPtrSize];
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58015-48175 The two-byte integer at offset 5 designates
-    ** the start of the cell content area. A zero value for this integer is
-    ** interpreted as 65536. */
-    top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37002-32774 The two-byte integer at offset 3 gives the
-    ** number of cells on the page. */
-    pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
-    if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
-      /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24089-57979 If a page contains no cells (which is only
-    ** possible for a root page of a table that contains no rows) then the
-    ** offset to the cell content area will equal the page size minus the
-    ** bytes of reserved space. */
-    assert( pPage->nCell>0 || top==usableSize || CORRUPT_DB );
-
-    /* A malformed database page might cause us to read past the end
-    ** of page when parsing a cell.  
-    **
-    ** The following block of code checks early to see if a cell extends
-    ** past the end of a page boundary and causes SQLITE_CORRUPT to be 
-    ** returned if it does.
-    */
-    iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
-    iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
-    if( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk ){
-      int i;            /* Index into the cell pointer array */
-      int sz;           /* Size of a cell */
-
-      if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
-      for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
-        pc = get2byteAligned(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
-        testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
-        testcase( pc==iCellLast );
-        if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }
-        sz = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &data[pc]);
-        testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
-        if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }
-      }
-      if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast++;
-    }  
-
-    /* Compute the total free space on the page
-    ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-23588-34450 The two-byte integer at offset 1 gives the
-    ** start of the first freeblock on the page, or is zero if there are no
-    ** freeblocks. */
-    pc = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
-    nFree = data[hdr+7] + top;  /* Init nFree to non-freeblock free space */
-    if( pc>0 ){
-      u32 next, size;
-      if( pc<iCellFirst ){
-        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55530-52930 In a well-formed b-tree page, there will
-        ** always be at least one cell before the first freeblock.
-        */
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-      }
-      while( 1 ){
-        if( pc>iCellLast ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; /* Freeblock off the end of the page */
-        }
-        next = get2byte(&data[pc]);
-        size = get2byte(&data[pc+2]);
-        nFree = nFree + size;
-        if( next<=pc+size+3 ) break;
-        pc = next;
-      }
-      if( next>0 ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Freeblock not in ascending order */
-      }
-      if( pc+size>(unsigned int)usableSize ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Last freeblock extends past page end */
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* At this point, nFree contains the sum of the offset to the start
-    ** of the cell-content area plus the number of free bytes within
-    ** the cell-content area. If this is greater than the usable-size
-    ** of the page, then the page must be corrupted. This check also
-    ** serves to verify that the offset to the start of the cell-content
-    ** area, according to the page header, lies within the page.
-    */
-    if( nFree>usableSize ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-    }
-    pPage->nFree = (u16)(nFree - iCellFirst);
-    pPage->isInit = 1;
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
+  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
+  data = pPage->aData;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28594-02890 The one-byte flag at offset 0 indicating
+  ** the b-tree page type. */
+  if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
+  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
+  pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
+  pPage->nOverflow = 0;
+  usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
+  pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize;
+  pPage->aDataEnd = &data[usableSize];
+  pPage->aCellIdx = &data[cellOffset];
+  pPage->aDataOfst = &data[pPage->childPtrSize];
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58015-48175 The two-byte integer at offset 5 designates
+  ** the start of the cell content area. A zero value for this integer is
+  ** interpreted as 65536. */
+  top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37002-32774 The two-byte integer at offset 3 gives the
+  ** number of cells on the page. */
+  pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
+  if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
+    /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+  }
+  testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24089-57979 If a page contains no cells (which is only
+  ** possible for a root page of a table that contains no rows) then the
+  ** offset to the cell content area will equal the page size minus the
+  ** bytes of reserved space. */
+  assert( pPage->nCell>0 || top==usableSize || CORRUPT_DB );
+
+  /* A malformed database page might cause us to read past the end
+  ** of page when parsing a cell.  
+  **
+  ** The following block of code checks early to see if a cell extends
+  ** past the end of a page boundary and causes SQLITE_CORRUPT to be 
+  ** returned if it does.
+  */
+  iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
+  iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
+  if( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk ){
+    int i;            /* Index into the cell pointer array */
+    int sz;           /* Size of a cell */
+
+    if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
+    for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
+      pc = get2byteAligned(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
+      testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
+      testcase( pc==iCellLast );
+      if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
+      sz = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &data[pc]);
+      testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
+      if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
+    }
+    if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast++;
+  }  
+
+  /* Compute the total free space on the page
+  ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-23588-34450 The two-byte integer at offset 1 gives the
+  ** start of the first freeblock on the page, or is zero if there are no
+  ** freeblocks. */
+  pc = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
+  nFree = data[hdr+7] + top;  /* Init nFree to non-freeblock free space */
+  if( pc>0 ){
+    u32 next, size;
+    if( pc<iCellFirst ){
+      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55530-52930 In a well-formed b-tree page, there will
+      ** always be at least one cell before the first freeblock.
+      */
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage); 
+    }
+    while( 1 ){
+      if( pc>iCellLast ){
+        /* Freeblock off the end of the page */
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
+      next = get2byte(&data[pc]);
+      size = get2byte(&data[pc+2]);
+      nFree = nFree + size;
+      if( next<=pc+size+3 ) break;
+      pc = next;
+    }
+    if( next>0 ){
+      /* Freeblock not in ascending order */
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
+    if( pc+size>(unsigned int)usableSize ){
+      /* Last freeblock extends past page end */
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* At this point, nFree contains the sum of the offset to the start
+  ** of the cell-content area plus the number of free bytes within
+  ** the cell-content area. If this is greater than the usable-size
+  ** of the page, then the page must be corrupted. This check also
+  ** serves to verify that the offset to the start of the cell-content
+  ** area, according to the page header, lies within the page.
+  */
+  if( nFree>usableSize ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+  }
+  pPage->nFree = (u16)(nFree - iCellFirst);
+  pPage->isInit = 1;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -61136,7 +62380,7 @@
   assert( sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) == data );
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE ){
+  if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE ){
     memset(&data[hdr], 0, pBt->usableSize - hdr);
   }
   data[hdr] = (char)flags;
@@ -61227,7 +62471,7 @@
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree *p){
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( ((p->pBt->nPage)&0x8000000)==0 );
+  assert( ((p->pBt->nPage)&0x80000000)==0 );
   return btreePagecount(p->pBt);
 }
 
@@ -61254,7 +62498,7 @@
   int rc;
   DbPage *pDbPage;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pCur==0 || ppPage==&pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
+  assert( pCur==0 || ppPage==&pCur->pPage );
   assert( pCur==0 || bReadOnly==pCur->curPagerFlags );
   assert( pCur==0 || pCur->iPage>0 );
 
@@ -61281,14 +62525,17 @@
   /* If obtaining a child page for a cursor, we must verify that the page is
   ** compatible with the root page. */
   if( pCur && ((*ppPage)->nCell<1 || (*ppPage)->intKey!=pCur->curIntKey) ){
-    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgno);
     releasePage(*ppPage);
     goto getAndInitPage_error;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
 getAndInitPage_error:
-  if( pCur ) pCur->iPage--;
+  if( pCur ){
+    pCur->iPage--;
+    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  }
   testcase( pgno==0 );
   assert( pgno!=0 || rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT );
   return rc;
@@ -61297,6 +62544,8 @@
 /*
 ** Release a MemPage.  This should be called once for each prior
 ** call to btreeGetPage.
+**
+** Page1 is a special case and must be released using releasePageOne().
 */
 static void releasePageNotNull(MemPage *pPage){
   assert( pPage->aData );
@@ -61310,6 +62559,16 @@
 static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage){
   if( pPage ) releasePageNotNull(pPage);
 }
+static void releasePageOne(MemPage *pPage){
+  assert( pPage!=0 );
+  assert( pPage->aData );
+  assert( pPage->pBt );
+  assert( pPage->pDbPage!=0 );
+  assert( sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) == (void*)pPage );
+  assert( sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage)==pPage->aData );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
+  sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(pPage->pDbPage);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Get an unused page.
@@ -61559,8 +62818,10 @@
     pBt->pCursor = 0;
     pBt->pPage1 = 0;
     if( sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(pBt->pPager) ) pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_READ_ONLY;
-#ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
+#if defined(SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE)
     pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
+#elif defined(SQLITE_FAST_SECURE_DELETE)
+    pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_OVERWRITE;
 #endif
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-51873-39618 The page size for a database file is
     ** determined by the 2-byte integer located at an offset of 16 bytes from
@@ -62008,19 +63269,34 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the BTS_SECURE_DELETE flag if newFlag is 0 or 1.  If newFlag is -1,
-** then make no changes.  Always return the value of the BTS_SECURE_DELETE
-** setting after the change.
+** Change the values for the BTS_SECURE_DELETE and BTS_OVERWRITE flags:
+**
+**    newFlag==0       Both BTS_SECURE_DELETE and BTS_OVERWRITE are cleared
+**    newFlag==1       BTS_SECURE_DELETE set and BTS_OVERWRITE is cleared
+**    newFlag==2       BTS_SECURE_DELETE cleared and BTS_OVERWRITE is set
+**    newFlag==(-1)    No changes
+**
+** This routine acts as a query if newFlag is less than zero
+**
+** With BTS_OVERWRITE set, deleted content is overwritten by zeros, but
+** freelist leaf pages are not written back to the database.  Thus in-page
+** deleted content is cleared, but freelist deleted content is not.
+**
+** With BTS_SECURE_DELETE, operation is like BTS_OVERWRITE with the addition
+** that freelist leaf pages are written back into the database, increasing
+** the amount of disk I/O.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree *p, int newFlag){
   int b;
   if( p==0 ) return 0;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
+  assert( BTS_OVERWRITE==BTS_SECURE_DELETE*2 );
+  assert( BTS_FAST_SECURE==(BTS_OVERWRITE|BTS_SECURE_DELETE) );
   if( newFlag>=0 ){
-    p->pBt->btsFlags &= ~BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
-    if( newFlag ) p->pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
-  } 
-  b = (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE)!=0;
+    p->pBt->btsFlags &= ~BTS_FAST_SECURE;
+    p->pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_SECURE_DELETE*newFlag;
+  }
+  b = (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE)/BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   return b;
 }
@@ -62077,7 +63353,8 @@
 ** set to the value passed to this function as the second parameter,
 ** set it so.
 */
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS!=SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS!=SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS \
+    && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
 static void setDefaultSyncFlag(BtShared *pBt, u8 safety_level){
   sqlite3 *db;
   Db *pDb;
@@ -62171,7 +63448,7 @@
       }else{
         setDefaultSyncFlag(pBt, SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS+1);
         if( isOpen==0 ){
-          releasePage(pPage1);
+          releasePageOne(pPage1);
           return SQLITE_OK;
         }
       }
@@ -62218,7 +63495,7 @@
       ** zero and return SQLITE_OK. The caller will call this function
       ** again with the correct page-size.
       */
-      releasePage(pPage1);
+      releasePageOne(pPage1);
       pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
       pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
       freeTempSpace(pBt);
@@ -62226,7 +63503,7 @@
                                    pageSize-usableSize);
       return rc;
     }
-    if( (pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_RecoveryMode)==0 && nPage>nPageFile ){
+    if( (pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0 && nPage>nPageFile ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
@@ -62272,7 +63549,7 @@
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
 page1_init_failed:
-  releasePage(pPage1);
+  releasePageOne(pPage1);
   pBt->pPage1 = 0;
   return rc;
 }
@@ -62317,7 +63594,7 @@
     assert( pPage1->aData );
     assert( sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager)==1 );
     pBt->pPage1 = 0;
-    releasePageNotNull(pPage1);
+    releasePageOne(pPage1);
   }
 }
 
@@ -62569,7 +63846,7 @@
   Pgno pgno = pPage->pgno;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  rc = btreeInitPage(pPage);
+  rc = pPage->isInit ? SQLITE_OK : btreeInitPage(pPage);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
   nCell = pPage->nCell;
 
@@ -62612,7 +63889,7 @@
   if( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 ){
     /* The pointer is always the first 4 bytes of the page in this case.  */
     if( get4byte(pPage->aData)!=iFrom ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     put4byte(pPage->aData, iTo);
   }else{
@@ -62620,7 +63897,7 @@
     int nCell;
     int rc;
 
-    rc = btreeInitPage(pPage);
+    rc = pPage->isInit ? SQLITE_OK : btreeInitPage(pPage);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     nCell = pPage->nCell;
 
@@ -62631,7 +63908,7 @@
         pPage->xParseCell(pPage, pCell, &info);
         if( info.nLocal<info.nPayload ){
           if( pCell+info.nSize > pPage->aData+pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
-            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
           }
           if( iFrom==get4byte(pCell+info.nSize-4) ){
             put4byte(pCell+info.nSize-4, iTo);
@@ -62649,7 +63926,7 @@
     if( i==nCell ){
       if( eType!=PTRMAP_BTREE || 
           get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8])!=iFrom ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       put4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8], iTo);
     }
@@ -63169,7 +64446,6 @@
   if( pBtree ){
     sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
     for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-      int i;
       if( writeOnly && (p->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)==0 ){
         if( p->eState==CURSOR_VALID || p->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT ){
           rc = saveCursorPosition(p);
@@ -63183,10 +64459,7 @@
         p->eState = CURSOR_FAULT;
         p->skipNext = errCode;
       }
-      for(i=0; i<=p->iPage; i++){
-        releasePage(p->apPage[i]);
-        p->apPage[i] = 0;
-      }
+      btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(p);
     }
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
   }
@@ -63243,7 +64516,7 @@
       if( nPage==0 ) sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
       testcase( pBt->nPage!=nPage );
       pBt->nPage = nPage;
-      releasePage(pPage1);
+      releasePageOne(pPage1);
     }
     assert( countValidCursors(pBt, 1)==0 );
     pBt->inTransaction = TRANS_READ;
@@ -63485,10 +64758,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
   Btree *pBtree = pCur->pBtree;
   if( pBtree ){
-    int i;
     BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;
     sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
     assert( pBt->pCursor!=0 );
     if( pBt->pCursor==pCur ){
       pBt->pCursor = pCur->pNext;
@@ -63502,12 +64773,10 @@
         pPrev = pPrev->pNext;
       }while( ALWAYS(pPrev) );
     }
-    for(i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-      releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-    }
+    btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
     unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
     sqlite3_free(pCur->aOverflow);
-    /* sqlite3_free(pCur); */
+    sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -63524,9 +64793,8 @@
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   static void assertCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
     CellInfo info;
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
     memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage], pCur->ix, &info);
+    btreeParseCell(pCur->pPage, pCur->ix, &info);
     assert( CORRUPT_DB || memcmp(&info, &pCur->info, sizeof(info))==0 );
   }
 #else
@@ -63534,9 +64802,8 @@
 #endif
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE void getCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
   if( pCur->info.nSize==0 ){
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
     pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_ValidNKey;
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage],pCur->ix,&pCur->info);
+    btreeParseCell(pCur->pPage,pCur->ix,&pCur->info);
   }else{
     assertCellInfo(pCur);
   }
@@ -63571,6 +64838,20 @@
   return pCur->info.nKey;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+/*
+** Return the offset into the database file for the start of the
+** payload to which the cursor is pointing.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeOffset(BtCursor *pCur){
+  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+  getCellInfo(pCur);
+  return (i64)pCur->pBt->pageSize*((i64)pCur->pPage->pgno - 1) +
+         (i64)(pCur->info.pPayload - pCur->pPage->aData);
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC */
+
 /*
 ** Return the number of bytes of payload for the entry that pCur is
 ** currently pointing to.  For table btrees, this will be the amount
@@ -63734,7 +65015,7 @@
   unsigned char *aPayload;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int iIdx = 0;
-  MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]; /* Btree page of current entry */
+  MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;               /* Btree page of current entry */
   BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;                  /* Btree this cursor belongs to */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
   unsigned char * const pBufStart = pBuf;     /* Start of original out buffer */
@@ -63757,7 +65038,7 @@
     **    &aPayload[pCur->info.nLocal] > &pPage->aData[pBt->usableSize]
     ** but is recast into its current form to avoid integer overflow problems
     */
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
 
   /* Check if data must be read/written to/from the btree page itself. */
@@ -63904,7 +65185,8 @@
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && amt>0 ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; /* Overflow chain ends prematurely */
+    /* Overflow chain ends prematurely */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -63929,8 +65211,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage );
+  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
   return accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, (unsigned char*)pBuf, 0);
 }
 
@@ -63987,18 +65269,23 @@
   BtCursor *pCur,      /* Cursor pointing to entry to read from */
   u32 *pAmt            /* Write the number of available bytes here */
 ){
-  u32 amt;
-  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
+  int amt;
+  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage);
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
   assert( pCur->info.nSize>0 );
-  assert( pCur->info.pPayload>pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->aData || CORRUPT_DB );
-  assert( pCur->info.pPayload<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->aDataEnd ||CORRUPT_DB);
-  amt = (int)(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload);
-  if( pCur->info.nLocal<amt ) amt = pCur->info.nLocal;
-  *pAmt = amt;
+  assert( pCur->info.pPayload>pCur->pPage->aData || CORRUPT_DB );
+  assert( pCur->info.pPayload<pCur->pPage->aDataEnd ||CORRUPT_DB);
+  amt = pCur->info.nLocal;
+  if( amt>(int)(pCur->pPage->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload) ){
+    /* There is too little space on the page for the expected amount
+    ** of local content. Database must be corrupt. */
+    assert( CORRUPT_DB );
+    amt = MAX(0, (int)(pCur->pPage->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload));
+  }
+  *pAmt = (u32)amt;
   return (void*)pCur->info.pPayload;
 }
 
@@ -64043,10 +65330,11 @@
   }
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
-  pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage++] = pCur->ix;
+  pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = pCur->ix;
+  pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] = pCur->pPage;
   pCur->ix = 0;
-  return getAndInitPage(pBt, newPgno, &pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage],
-                        pCur, pCur->curPagerFlags);
+  pCur->iPage++;
+  return getAndInitPage(pBt, newPgno, &pCur->pPage, pCur, pCur->curPagerFlags);
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -64080,20 +65368,23 @@
 ** the largest cell index.
 */
 static void moveToParent(BtCursor *pCur){
+  MemPage *pLeaf;
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( pCur->iPage>0 );
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
+  assert( pCur->pPage );
   assertParentIndex(
     pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1], 
     pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1], 
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->pgno
+    pCur->pPage->pgno
   );
   testcase( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1] > pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1]->nCell );
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
   pCur->ix = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1];
-  releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
+  pLeaf = pCur->pPage;
+  pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[--pCur->iPage];
+  releasePageNotNull(pLeaf);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -64105,9 +65396,9 @@
 ** single child page. This can only happen with the table rooted at page 1.
 **
 ** If the b-tree structure is empty, the cursor state is set to 
-** CURSOR_INVALID. Otherwise, the cursor is set to point to the first
-** cell located on the root (or virtual root) page and the cursor state
-** is set to CURSOR_VALID.
+** CURSOR_INVALID and this routine returns SQLITE_EMPTY. Otherwise,
+** the cursor is set to point to the first cell located on the root
+** (or virtual root) page and the cursor state is set to CURSOR_VALID.
 **
 ** If this function returns successfully, it may be assumed that the
 ** page-header flags indicate that the [virtual] root-page is the expected 
@@ -64125,37 +65416,40 @@
   assert( CURSOR_INVALID < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
   assert( CURSOR_VALID   < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
   assert( CURSOR_FAULT   > CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  if( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
-    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
-      assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
-      return pCur->skipNext;
-    }
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
-  }
+  assert( pCur->eState < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK || pCur->iPage<0 );
+  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot>0 || pCur->iPage<0 );
 
   if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
     if( pCur->iPage ){
-      do{
-        assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]!=0 );
-        releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
-      }while( pCur->iPage);
+      releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
+      while( --pCur->iPage ){
+        releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
+      }
+      pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[0];
       goto skip_init;
     }
   }else if( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 ){
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
+    return SQLITE_EMPTY;
   }else{
     assert( pCur->iPage==(-1) );
-    rc = getAndInitPage(pCur->pBtree->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->apPage[0],
+    if( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
+      if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
+        assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
+        return pCur->skipNext;
+      }
+      sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
+    }
+    rc = getAndInitPage(pCur->pBtree->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->pPage,
                         0, pCur->curPagerFlags);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-       return rc;
+      return rc;
     }
     pCur->iPage = 0;
-    pCur->curIntKey = pCur->apPage[0]->intKey;
+    pCur->curIntKey = pCur->pPage->intKey;
   }
-  pRoot = pCur->apPage[0];
+  pRoot = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pRoot->pgno==pCur->pgnoRoot );
 
   /* If pCur->pKeyInfo is not NULL, then the caller that opened this cursor
@@ -64170,7 +65464,7 @@
   ** (or the freelist).  */
   assert( pRoot->intKey==1 || pRoot->intKey==0 );
   if( pRoot->isInit==0 || (pCur->pKeyInfo==0)!=pRoot->intKey ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pCur->pPage);
   }
 
 skip_init:  
@@ -64178,7 +65472,7 @@
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
 
-  pRoot = pCur->apPage[0];
+  pRoot = pCur->pPage;
   if( pRoot->nCell>0 ){
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
   }else if( !pRoot->leaf ){
@@ -64189,6 +65483,7 @@
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, subpage);
   }else{
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
+    rc = SQLITE_EMPTY;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -64207,7 +65502,7 @@
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage])->leaf ){
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->pPage)->leaf ){
     assert( pCur->ix<pPage->nCell );
     pgno = get4byte(findCell(pPage, pCur->ix));
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
@@ -64232,7 +65527,7 @@
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  while( !(pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage])->leaf ){
+  while( !(pPage = pCur->pPage)->leaf ){
     pgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
     pCur->ix = pPage->nCell;
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
@@ -64255,14 +65550,13 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
   rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-      *pRes = 1;
-    }else{
-      assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell>0 );
-      *pRes = 0;
-      rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
-    }
+    assert( pCur->pPage->nCell>0 );
+    *pRes = 0;
+    rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
+    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
+    *pRes = 1;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -64286,28 +65580,26 @@
     for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
       assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
     }
-    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell-1 );
-    assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf );
+    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
+    assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
 #endif
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-      *pRes = 1;
+    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+    *pRes = 0;
+    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
     }else{
-      assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-      *pRes = 0;
-      rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
-      }else{
-        pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
-      }
-   
+      pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
     }
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
+    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
+    *pRes = 1;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -64375,16 +65667,19 @@
       /* If the requested key is one more than the previous key, then
       ** try to get there using sqlite3BtreeNext() rather than a full
       ** binary search.  This is an optimization only.  The correct answer
-      ** is still obtained without this ase, only a little more slowely */
+      ** is still obtained without this case, only a little more slowely */
       if( pCur->info.nKey+1==intKey && !pCur->skipNext ){
         *pRes = 0;
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, pRes);
-        if( rc ) return rc;
-        if( *pRes==0 ){
+        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, 0);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           getCellInfo(pCur);
           if( pCur->info.nKey==intKey ){
             return SQLITE_OK;
           }
+        }else if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        }else{
+          return rc;
         }
       }
     }
@@ -64403,22 +65698,23 @@
 
   rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
   if( rc ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
+      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
+      *pRes = -1;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
     return rc;
   }
-  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->isInit );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell>0 );
-  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-    *pRes = -1;
-    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==pCur->curIntKey );
+  assert( pCur->pPage );
+  assert( pCur->pPage->isInit );
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+  assert( pCur->pPage->nCell > 0 );
+  assert( pCur->iPage==0 || pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==pCur->curIntKey );
   assert( pCur->curIntKey || pIdxKey );
   for(;;){
     int lwr, upr, idx, c;
     Pgno chldPg;
-    MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;
     u8 *pCell;                          /* Pointer to current cell in pPage */
 
     /* pPage->nCell must be greater than zero. If this is the root-page
@@ -64440,7 +65736,9 @@
         pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);
         if( pPage->intKeyLeaf ){
           while( 0x80 <= *(pCell++) ){
-            if( pCell>=pPage->aDataEnd ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            if( pCell>=pPage->aDataEnd ){
+              return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+            }
           }
         }
         getVarint(pCell, (u64*)&nCellKey);
@@ -64513,7 +65811,7 @@
           testcase( nCell==1 );  /* Invalid key size:  0x80 0x80 0x01 */
           testcase( nCell==2 );  /* Minimum legal index key size */
           if( nCell<2 ){
-            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
             goto moveto_finish;
           }
           pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCell+18 );
@@ -64544,7 +65842,7 @@
           *pRes = 0;
           rc = SQLITE_OK;
           pCur->ix = (u16)idx;
-          if( pIdxKey->errCode ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
+          if( pIdxKey->errCode ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
           goto moveto_finish;
         }
         if( lwr>upr ) break;
@@ -64555,7 +65853,7 @@
     assert( lwr==upr+1 || (pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf) );
     assert( pPage->isInit );
     if( pPage->leaf ){
-      assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+      assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
       pCur->ix = (u16)idx;
       *pRes = c;
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -64609,19 +65907,22 @@
   ** opcode, and it that case the cursor will always be valid and
   ** will always point to a leaf node. */
   if( NEVER(pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID) ) return -1;
-  if( NEVER(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf==0) ) return -1;
+  if( NEVER(pCur->pPage->leaf==0) ) return -1;
 
-  for(n=1, i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
+  n = pCur->pPage->nCell;
+  for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
     n *= pCur->apPage[i]->nCell;
   }
   return n;
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database.  If
-** successful then set *pRes=0.  If the cursor
-** was already pointing to the last entry in the database before
-** this routine was called, then set *pRes=1.
+** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database. 
+** Return value:
+**
+**    SQLITE_OK        success
+**    SQLITE_DONE      cursor is already pointing at the last element
+**    otherwise        some kind of error occurred
 **
 ** The main entry point is sqlite3BtreeNext().  That routine is optimized
 ** for the common case of merely incrementing the cell counter BtCursor.aiIdx
@@ -64629,23 +65930,19 @@
 ** routine is called when it is necessary to move to a different page or
 ** to restore the cursor.
 **
-** The calling function will set *pRes to 0 or 1.  The initial *pRes value
-** will be 1 if the cursor being stepped corresponds to an SQL index and
-** if this routine could have been skipped if that SQL index had been
-** a unique index.  Otherwise the caller will have set *pRes to zero.
-** Zero is the common case. The btree implementation is free to use the
-** initial *pRes value as a hint to improve performance, but the current
-** SQLite btree implementation does not. (Note that the comdb2 btree
-** implementation does use this hint, however.)
+** If bit 0x01 of the F argument in sqlite3BtreeNext(C,F) is 1, then the
+** cursor corresponds to an SQL index and this routine could have been
+** skipped if the SQL index had been a unique index.  The F argument
+** is a hint to the implement.  SQLite btree implementation does not use
+** this hint, but COMDB2 does.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
   int idx;
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( *pRes==0 );
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
     assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl)==0 );
     rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
@@ -64653,8 +65950,7 @@
       return rc;
     }
     if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      *pRes = 1;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
+      return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
     if( pCur->skipNext ){
       assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT );
@@ -64667,7 +65963,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   idx = ++pCur->ix;
   assert( pPage->isInit );
 
@@ -64686,15 +65982,14 @@
     }
     do{
       if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
-        *pRes = 1;
         pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
+        return SQLITE_DONE;
       }
       moveToParent(pCur);
-      pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+      pPage = pCur->pPage;
     }while( pCur->ix>=pPage->nCell );
     if( pPage->intKey ){
-      return sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, pRes);
+      return sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, 0);
     }else{
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
@@ -64705,20 +66000,19 @@
     return moveToLeftmost(pCur);
   }
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
   MemPage *pPage;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  assert( *pRes==0 || *pRes==1 );
+  assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
-  *pRes = 0;
-  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return btreeNext(pCur, pRes);
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return btreeNext(pCur);
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   if( (++pCur->ix)>=pPage->nCell ){
     pCur->ix--;
-    return btreeNext(pCur, pRes);
+    return btreeNext(pCur);
   }
   if( pPage->leaf ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -64728,10 +66022,12 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Step the cursor to the back to the previous entry in the database.  If
-** successful then set *pRes=0.  If the cursor
-** was already pointing to the first entry in the database before
-** this routine was called, then set *pRes=1.
+** Step the cursor to the back to the previous entry in the database.
+** Return values:
+**
+**     SQLITE_OK     success
+**     SQLITE_DONE   the cursor is already on the first element of the table
+**     otherwise     some kind of error occurred
 **
 ** The main entry point is sqlite3BtreePrevious().  That routine is optimized
 ** for the common case of merely decrementing the cell counter BtCursor.aiIdx
@@ -64739,22 +66035,17 @@
 ** helper routine is called when it is necessary to move to a different page
 ** or to restore the cursor.
 **
-** The calling function will set *pRes to 0 or 1.  The initial *pRes value
-** will be 1 if the cursor being stepped corresponds to an SQL index and
-** if this routine could have been skipped if that SQL index had been
-** a unique index.  Otherwise the caller will have set *pRes to zero.
-** Zero is the common case. The btree implementation is free to use the
-** initial *pRes value as a hint to improve performance, but the current
-** SQLite btree implementation does not. (Note that the comdb2 btree
-** implementation does use this hint, however.)
+** If bit 0x01 of the F argument to sqlite3BtreePrevious(C,F) is 1, then
+** the cursor corresponds to an SQL index and this routine could have been
+** skipped if the SQL index had been a unique index.  The F argument is a
+** hint to the implement.  The native SQLite btree implementation does not
+** use this hint, but COMDB2 does.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  assert( *pRes==0 );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( (pCur->curFlags & (BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey))==0 );
   assert( pCur->info.nSize==0 );
@@ -64764,8 +66055,7 @@
       return rc;
     }
     if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      *pRes = 1;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
+      return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
     if( pCur->skipNext ){
       assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT );
@@ -64778,7 +66068,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pPage->isInit );
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
     int idx = pCur->ix;
@@ -64789,8 +66079,7 @@
     while( pCur->ix==0 ){
       if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
         pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-        *pRes = 1;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
+        return SQLITE_DONE;
       }
       moveToParent(pCur);
     }
@@ -64798,28 +66087,27 @@
     assert( (pCur->curFlags & (BTCF_ValidOvfl))==0 );
 
     pCur->ix--;
-    pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    pPage = pCur->pPage;
     if( pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, pRes);
+      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, 0);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
   return rc;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  assert( *pRes==0 || *pRes==1 );
+  assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
-  *pRes = 0;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey);
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID
    || pCur->ix==0
-   || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf==0
+   || pCur->pPage->leaf==0
   ){
-    return btreePrevious(pCur, pRes);
+    return btreePrevious(pCur);
   }
   pCur->ix--;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -64927,7 +66215,7 @@
       }
       testcase( iTrunk==mxPage );
       if( iTrunk>mxPage || nSearch++ > n ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pPrevTrunk ? pPrevTrunk->pgno : 1);
       }else{
         rc = btreeGetUnusedPage(pBt, iTrunk, &pTrunk, 0);
       }
@@ -64956,7 +66244,7 @@
         TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d trunk - %d free pages left\n", *pPgno, n-1));
       }else if( k>(u32)(pBt->usableSize/4 - 2) ){
         /* Value of k is out of range.  Database corruption */
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
         goto end_allocate_page;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       }else if( searchList 
@@ -64990,7 +66278,7 @@
           MemPage *pNewTrunk;
           Pgno iNewTrunk = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[8]);
           if( iNewTrunk>mxPage ){ 
-            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
             goto end_allocate_page;
           }
           testcase( iNewTrunk==mxPage );
@@ -65055,7 +66343,7 @@
         iPage = get4byte(&aData[8+closest*4]);
         testcase( iPage==mxPage );
         if( iPage>mxPage ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
           goto end_allocate_page;
         }
         testcase( iPage==mxPage );
@@ -65313,7 +66601,7 @@
   unsigned char *pCell,    /* First byte of the Cell */
   CellInfo *pInfo          /* Size information about the cell */
 ){
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
+  BtShared *pBt;
   Pgno ovflPgno;
   int rc;
   int nOvfl;
@@ -65325,9 +66613,11 @@
     return SQLITE_OK;  /* No overflow pages. Return without doing anything */
   }
   if( pCell+pInfo->nSize-1 > pPage->aData+pPage->maskPage ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Cell extends past end of page */
+    /* Cell extends past end of page */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   ovflPgno = get4byte(pCell + pInfo->nSize - 4);
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
   assert( pBt->usableSize > 4 );
   ovflPageSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;
   nOvfl = (pInfo->nPayload - pInfo->nLocal + ovflPageSize - 1)/ovflPageSize;
@@ -65395,21 +66685,20 @@
 ){
   int nPayload;
   const u8 *pSrc;
-  int nSrc, n, rc;
+  int nSrc, n, rc, mn;
   int spaceLeft;
-  MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
-  MemPage *pToRelease = 0;
+  MemPage *pToRelease;
   unsigned char *pPrior;
   unsigned char *pPayload;
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  Pgno pgnoOvfl = 0;
+  BtShared *pBt;
+  Pgno pgnoOvfl;
   int nHeader;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
 
   /* pPage is not necessarily writeable since pCell might be auxiliary
   ** buffer space that is separate from the pPage buffer area */
-  assert( pCell<pPage->aData || pCell>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
+  assert( pCell<pPage->aData || pCell>=&pPage->aData[pPage->pBt->pageSize]
             || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
 
   /* Fill in the header. */
@@ -65429,25 +66718,36 @@
   }
   
   /* Fill in the payload */
+  pPayload = &pCell[nHeader];
   if( nPayload<=pPage->maxLocal ){
+    /* This is the common case where everything fits on the btree page
+    ** and no overflow pages are required. */
     n = nHeader + nPayload;
     testcase( n==3 );
     testcase( n==4 );
     if( n<4 ) n = 4;
     *pnSize = n;
-    spaceLeft = nPayload;
-    pPrior = pCell;
-  }else{
-    int mn = pPage->minLocal;
-    n = mn + (nPayload - mn) % (pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
-    testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal );
-    testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
-    if( n > pPage->maxLocal ) n = mn;
-    spaceLeft = n;
-    *pnSize = n + nHeader + 4;
-    pPrior = &pCell[nHeader+n];
+    assert( nSrc<=nPayload );
+    testcase( nSrc<nPayload );
+    memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, nSrc);
+    memset(pPayload+nSrc, 0, nPayload-nSrc);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  pPayload = &pCell[nHeader];
+
+  /* If we reach this point, it means that some of the content will need
+  ** to spill onto overflow pages.
+  */
+  mn = pPage->minLocal;
+  n = mn + (nPayload - mn) % (pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
+  testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal );
+  testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
+  if( n > pPage->maxLocal ) n = mn;
+  spaceLeft = n;
+  *pnSize = n + nHeader + 4;
+  pPrior = &pCell[nHeader+n];
+  pToRelease = 0;
+  pgnoOvfl = 0;
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
 
   /* At this point variables should be set as follows:
   **
@@ -65473,8 +66773,35 @@
 #endif
 
   /* Write the payload into the local Cell and any extra into overflow pages */
-  while( nPayload>0 ){
+  while( 1 ){
+    n = nPayload;
+    if( n>spaceLeft ) n = spaceLeft;
+
+    /* If pToRelease is not zero than pPayload points into the data area
+    ** of pToRelease.  Make sure pToRelease is still writeable. */
+    assert( pToRelease==0 || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pToRelease->pDbPage) );
+
+    /* If pPayload is part of the data area of pPage, then make sure pPage
+    ** is still writeable */
+    assert( pPayload<pPage->aData || pPayload>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
+            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
+
+    if( nSrc>=n ){
+      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
+    }else if( nSrc>0 ){
+      n = nSrc;
+      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
+    }else{
+      memset(pPayload, 0, n);
+    }
+    nPayload -= n;
+    if( nPayload<=0 ) break;
+    pPayload += n;
+    pSrc += n;
+    nSrc -= n;
+    spaceLeft -= n;
     if( spaceLeft==0 ){
+      MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       Pgno pgnoPtrmap = pgnoOvfl; /* Overflow page pointer-map entry page */
       if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
@@ -65527,30 +66854,6 @@
       pPayload = &pOvfl->aData[4];
       spaceLeft = pBt->usableSize - 4;
     }
-    n = nPayload;
-    if( n>spaceLeft ) n = spaceLeft;
-
-    /* If pToRelease is not zero than pPayload points into the data area
-    ** of pToRelease.  Make sure pToRelease is still writeable. */
-    assert( pToRelease==0 || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pToRelease->pDbPage) );
-
-    /* If pPayload is part of the data area of pPage, then make sure pPage
-    ** is still writeable */
-    assert( pPayload<pPage->aData || pPayload>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
-            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-    if( nSrc>0 ){
-      if( n>nSrc ) n = nSrc;
-      assert( pSrc );
-      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
-    }else{
-      memset(pPayload, 0, n);
-    }
-    nPayload -= n;
-    pPayload += n;
-    pSrc += n;
-    nSrc -= n;
-    spaceLeft -= n;
   }
   releasePage(pToRelease);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -65582,7 +66885,7 @@
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
   testcase( pc==get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) );
   testcase( pc+sz==pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-  if( pc < (u32)get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) || pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
+  if( pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
     *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     return;
   }
@@ -66420,7 +67723,7 @@
       ** In this case, temporarily copy the cell into the aOvflSpace[]
       ** buffer. It will be copied out again as soon as the aSpace[] buffer
       ** is allocated.  */
-      if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE ){
+      if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE ){
         int iOff;
 
         iOff = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(apDiv[i]) - SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pParent->aData);
@@ -66449,10 +67752,8 @@
      + nMaxCells*sizeof(u16)                       /* b.szCell */
      + pBt->pageSize;                              /* aSpace1 */
 
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28375-38319 SQLite will never request a scratch buffer
-  ** that is more than 6 times the database page size. */
   assert( szScratch<=6*(int)pBt->pageSize );
-  b.apCell = sqlite3ScratchMalloc( szScratch ); 
+  b.apCell = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(0, szScratch );
   if( b.apCell==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     goto balance_cleanup;
@@ -67030,7 +68331,7 @@
   ** Cleanup before returning.
   */
 balance_cleanup:
-  sqlite3ScratchFree(b.apCell);
+  sqlite3StackFree(0, b.apCell);
   for(i=0; i<nOld; i++){
     releasePage(apOld[i]);
   }
@@ -67129,7 +68430,7 @@
 
   do {
     int iPage = pCur->iPage;
-    MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[iPage];
+    MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;
 
     if( iPage==0 ){
       if( pPage->nOverflow ){
@@ -67145,7 +68446,9 @@
           pCur->iPage = 1;
           pCur->ix = 0;
           pCur->aiIdx[0] = 0;
-          assert( pCur->apPage[1]->nOverflow );
+          pCur->apPage[0] = pPage;
+          pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[1];
+          assert( pCur->pPage->nOverflow );
         }
       }else{
         break;
@@ -67225,6 +68528,7 @@
       releasePage(pPage);
       pCur->iPage--;
       assert( pCur->iPage>=0 );
+      pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
     }
   }while( rc==SQLITE_OK );
 
@@ -67356,7 +68660,7 @@
   }
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || (pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID && loc) );
 
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pPage->intKey || pX->nKey>=0 );
   assert( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey );
 
@@ -67443,10 +68747,10 @@
     ** fails. Internal data structure corruption will result otherwise. 
     ** Also, set the cursor state to invalid. This stops saveCursorPosition()
     ** from trying to save the current position of the cursor.  */
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nOverflow = 0;
+    pCur->pPage->nOverflow = 0;
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
     if( (flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION) && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
+      btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
       if( pCur->pKeyInfo ){
         assert( pCur->pKey==0 );
         pCur->pKey = sqlite3Malloc( pX->nKey );
@@ -67460,7 +68764,7 @@
       pCur->nKey = pX->nKey;
     }
   }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nOverflow==0 );
+  assert( pCur->iPage<0 || pCur->pPage->nOverflow==0 );
 
 end_insert:
   return rc;
@@ -67501,13 +68805,13 @@
   assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag );
   assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
   assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( (flags & ~(BTREE_SAVEPOSITION | BTREE_AUXDELETE))==0 );
 
   iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
   iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
 
   /* If the bPreserve flag is set to true, then the cursor position must
@@ -67540,8 +68844,8 @@
   ** sub-tree headed by the child page of the cell being deleted. This makes
   ** balancing the tree following the delete operation easier.  */
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    int notUsed = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, &notUsed);
+    rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, 0);
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
     if( rc ) return rc;
   }
 
@@ -67573,11 +68877,16 @@
   ** node. The cell from the leaf node needs to be moved to the internal
   ** node to replace the deleted cell.  */
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    MemPage *pLeaf = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    MemPage *pLeaf = pCur->pPage;
     int nCell;
-    Pgno n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
+    Pgno n;
     unsigned char *pTmp;
 
+    if( iCellDepth<pCur->iPage-1 ){
+      n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
+    }else{
+      n = pCur->pPage->pgno;
+    }
     pCell = findCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1);
     if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     nCell = pLeaf->xCellSize(pLeaf, pCell);
@@ -67609,16 +68918,19 @@
   ** well.  */
   rc = balance(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
+    releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
+    pCur->iPage--;
     while( pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
       releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
     }
+    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
     rc = balance(pCur);
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( bSkipnext ){
       assert( bPreserve && (pCur->iPage==iCellDepth || CORRUPT_DB) );
-      assert( pPage==pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] || CORRUPT_DB );
+      assert( pPage==pCur->pPage || CORRUPT_DB );
       assert( (pPage->nCell>0 || CORRUPT_DB) && iCellIdx<=pPage->nCell );
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
       if( iCellIdx>=pPage->nCell ){
@@ -67630,8 +68942,10 @@
     }else{
       rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
       if( bPreserve ){
+        btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
         pCur->eState = CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK;
       }
+      if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
   return rc;
@@ -68096,11 +69410,11 @@
   i64 nEntry = 0;                      /* Value to return in *pnEntry */
   int rc;                              /* Return code */
 
-  if( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 ){
+  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
     *pnEntry = 0;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
 
   /* Unless an error occurs, the following loop runs one iteration for each
   ** page in the B-Tree structure (not including overflow pages). 
@@ -68113,7 +69427,7 @@
     ** this page contains countable entries. Increment the entry counter
     ** accordingly.
     */
-    pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    pPage = pCur->pPage;
     if( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey ){
       nEntry += pPage->nCell;
     }
@@ -68136,10 +69450,10 @@
           return moveToRoot(pCur);
         }
         moveToParent(pCur);
-      }while ( pCur->ix>=pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+      }while ( pCur->ix>=pCur->pPage->nCell );
 
       pCur->ix++;
-      pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+      pPage = pCur->pPage;
     }
 
     /* Descend to the child node of the cell that the cursor currently 
@@ -68980,7 +70294,7 @@
               && pCsr->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
   assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot, 0, 2) );
   assert( !hasReadConflicts(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot) );
-  assert( pCsr->apPage[pCsr->iPage]->intKey );
+  assert( pCsr->pPage->intKey );
 
   return accessPayload(pCsr, offset, amt, (unsigned char *)z, 1);
 }
@@ -69903,7 +71217,7 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
   /* If MEM_Dyn is set then Mem.xDel!=0.  
-  ** Mem.xDel is might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
+  ** Mem.xDel might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
   */
   assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->xDel!=0 );
 
@@ -69916,9 +71230,34 @@
   /* Cannot be both MEM_Int and MEM_Real at the same time */
   assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
 
-  /* Cannot be both MEM_Null and some other type */
-  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ||
-          (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
+  if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
+    /* Cannot be both MEM_Null and some other type */
+    assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str|MEM_Blob
+                         |MEM_RowSet|MEM_Frame|MEM_Agg))==0 );
+
+    /* If MEM_Null is set, then either the value is a pure NULL (the usual
+    ** case) or it is a pointer set using sqlite3_bind_pointer() or
+    ** sqlite3_result_pointer().  If a pointer, then MEM_Term must also be
+    ** set.
+    */
+    if( (p->flags & (MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype))==(MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype) ){
+      /* This is a pointer type.  There may be a flag to indicate what to
+      ** do with the pointer. */
+      assert( ((p->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
+              ((p->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
+              ((p->flags&MEM_Static)!=0 ? 1 : 0) <= 1 );
+
+      /* No other bits set */
+      assert( (p->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype
+                           |MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static))==0 );
+    }else{
+      /* A pure NULL might have other flags, such as MEM_Static, MEM_Dyn,
+      ** MEM_Ephem, MEM_Cleared, or MEM_Subtype */
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* The MEM_Cleared bit is only allowed on NULLs */
+    assert( (p->flags & MEM_Cleared)==0 );
+  }
 
   /* The szMalloc field holds the correct memory allocation size */
   assert( p->szMalloc==0
@@ -70006,7 +71345,7 @@
   assert( pMem->szMalloc==0
        || pMem->szMalloc==sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc) );
   if( n<32 ) n = 32;
-  if( bPreserve && pMem->szMalloc>0 && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
+  if( pMem->szMalloc>0 && bPreserve && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
     pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
     bPreserve = 0;
   }else{
@@ -70022,7 +71361,8 @@
     pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
   }
 
-  if( bPreserve && pMem->z && ALWAYS(pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc) ){
+  if( bPreserve && pMem->z ){
+    assert( pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc );
     memcpy(pMem->zMalloc, pMem->z, pMem->n);
   }
   if( (pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ){
@@ -70061,6 +71401,20 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** It is already known that pMem contains an unterminated string.
+** Add the zero terminator.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemAddTerminator(Mem *pMem){
+  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+2, 1) ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }
+  pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
+  pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
+  pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Change pMem so that its MEM_Str or MEM_Blob value is stored in
 ** MEM.zMalloc, where it can be safely written.
 **
@@ -70072,12 +71426,8 @@
   if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 ){
     if( ExpandBlob(pMem) ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     if( pMem->szMalloc==0 || pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc ){
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n + 2, 1) ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-      }
-      pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
-      pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
-      pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
+      int rc = vdbeMemAddTerminator(pMem);
+      if( rc ) return rc;
     }
   }
   pMem->flags &= ~MEM_Ephem;
@@ -70117,20 +71467,6 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
-** It is already known that pMem contains an unterminated string.
-** Add the zero terminator.
-*/
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemAddTerminator(Mem *pMem){
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+2, 1) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  }
-  pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
-  pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
-  pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Make sure the given Mem is \u0000 terminated.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem *pMem){
@@ -70204,26 +71540,24 @@
 ** otherwise.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem *pMem, FuncDef *pFunc){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( ALWAYS(pFunc && pFunc->xFinalize) ){
-    sqlite3_context ctx;
-    Mem t;
-    assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 || pFunc==pMem->u.pDef );
-    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-    memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
-    memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-    t.flags = MEM_Null;
-    t.db = pMem->db;
-    ctx.pOut = &t;
-    ctx.pMem = pMem;
-    ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
-    pFunc->xFinalize(&ctx); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
-    assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
-    if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
-    memcpy(pMem, &t, sizeof(t));
-    rc = ctx.isError;
-  }
-  return rc;
+  sqlite3_context ctx;
+  Mem t;
+  assert( pFunc!=0 );
+  assert( pFunc->xFinalize!=0 );
+  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 || pFunc==pMem->u.pDef );
+  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
+  memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
+  memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+  t.flags = MEM_Null;
+  t.db = pMem->db;
+  ctx.pOut = &t;
+  ctx.pMem = pMem;
+  ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
+  pFunc->xFinalize(&ctx); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
+  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
+  if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
+  memcpy(pMem, &t, sizeof(t));
+  return ctx.isError;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -70448,14 +71782,21 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
   if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))==0 ){
+    int rc;
     assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
     assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-    if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc) ){
+    rc = sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
+    if( rc==0 ){
       MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
     }else{
-      pMem->u.r = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem);
-      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
-      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pMem);
+      i64 i = pMem->u.i;
+      sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
+      if( rc==1 && pMem->u.r==(double)i ){
+        pMem->u.i = i;
+        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
+      }else{
+        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
+      }
     }
   }
   assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))!=0 );
@@ -70581,6 +71922,27 @@
   }
 }
 
+/* A no-op destructor */
+static void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void *p){ UNUSED_PARAMETER(p); }
+
+/*
+** Set the value stored in *pMem should already be a NULL.
+** Also store a pointer to go with it.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(
+  Mem *pMem,
+  void *pPtr,
+  const char *zPType,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+){
+  assert( pMem->flags==MEM_Null );
+  pMem->u.zPType = zPType ? zPType : "";
+  pMem->z = pPtr;
+  pMem->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Subtype|MEM_Term;
+  pMem->eSubtype = 'p';
+  pMem->xDel = xDestructor ? xDestructor : sqlite3NoopDestructor;
+}
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 /*
 ** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to val,
@@ -70761,7 +72123,7 @@
   if( nByte<0 ){
     assert( enc!=0 );
     if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-      nByte = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
+      nByte = 0x7fffffff & (int)strlen(z);
       if( nByte>iLimit ) nByte = iLimit+1;
     }else{
       for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && (z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]); nByte+=2){}
@@ -70839,12 +72201,11 @@
 ){
   int rc;
   pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-  if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, amt+2)) ){
+  if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, amt+1)) ){
     rc = sqlite3BtreePayload(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pMem->z[amt] = 0;
-      pMem->z[amt+1] = 0;
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Term;
+      pMem->z[amt] = 0;   /* Overrun area used when reading malformed records */
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Blob;
       pMem->n = (int)amt;
     }else{
       sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
@@ -70993,7 +72354,7 @@
       if( pRec ){
         pRec->pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(p->pParse, pIdx);
         if( pRec->pKeyInfo ){
-          assert( pRec->pKeyInfo->nField+pRec->pKeyInfo->nXField==nCol );
+          assert( pRec->pKeyInfo->nAllField==nCol );
           assert( pRec->pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
           pRec->aMem = (Mem *)((u8*)pRec + ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)));
           for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
@@ -71150,7 +72511,11 @@
 
   assert( pExpr!=0 );
   while( (op = pExpr->op)==TK_UPLUS || op==TK_SPAN ) pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4)
+  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
+#else
   if( NEVER(op==TK_REGISTER) ) op = pExpr->op2;
+#endif
 
   /* Compressed expressions only appear when parsing the DEFAULT clause
   ** on a table column definition, and hence only when pCtx==0.  This
@@ -71201,7 +72566,7 @@
     }
   }else if( op==TK_UMINUS ) {
     /* This branch happens for multiple negative signs.  Ex: -(-5) */
-    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal) 
+    if( SQLITE_OK==valueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal,pCtx) 
      && pVal!=0
     ){
       sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pVal);
@@ -71245,7 +72610,10 @@
   return rc;
 
 no_mem:
-  sqlite3OomFault(db);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+  if( pCtx==0 || pCtx->pParse->nErr==0 )
+#endif
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zVal);
   assert( *ppVal==0 );
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
@@ -71358,14 +72726,13 @@
   /* Skip over any TK_COLLATE nodes */
   pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
 
+  assert( pExpr==0 || pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER || pExpr->op2!=TK_VARIABLE );
   if( !pExpr ){
     pVal = valueNew(db, pAlloc);
     if( pVal ){
       sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull((Mem*)pVal);
     }
-  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_VARIABLE
-        || NEVER(pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_VARIABLE)
-  ){
+  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_VARIABLE && (db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 ){
     Vdbe *v;
     int iBindVar = pExpr->iColumn;
     sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iBindVar);
@@ -71373,9 +72740,7 @@
       pVal = valueNew(db, pAlloc);
       if( pVal ){
         rc = sqlite3VdbeMemCopy((Mem*)pVal, &v->aVar[iBindVar-1]);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, ENC(db));
-        }
+        sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, ENC(db));
         pVal->db = pParse->db;
       }
     }
@@ -71532,7 +72897,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord *pRec){
   if( pRec ){
     int i;
-    int nCol = pRec->pKeyInfo->nField+pRec->pKeyInfo->nXField;
+    int nCol = pRec->pKeyInfo->nAllField;
     Mem *aMem = pRec->aMem;
     sqlite3 *db = aMem[0].db;
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
@@ -71628,10 +72993,12 @@
   db->pVdbe = p;
   p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_INIT;
   p->pParse = pParse;
+  pParse->pVdbe = p;
   assert( pParse->aLabel==0 );
   assert( pParse->nLabel==0 );
   assert( pParse->nOpAlloc==0 );
   assert( pParse->szOpAlloc==0 );
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Init, 0, 1);
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -71649,16 +73016,14 @@
 /*
 ** Remember the SQL string for a prepared statement.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, int isPrepareV2){
-  assert( isPrepareV2==1 || isPrepareV2==0 );
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, u8 prepFlags){
   if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( !isPrepareV2 ) p->expmask = 0;
-#if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG)
-  if( !isPrepareV2 ) return;
-#endif
+  p->prepFlags = prepFlags;
+  if( (prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)==0 ){
+    p->expmask = 0;
+  }
   assert( p->zSql==0 );
   p->zSql = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, z, n);
-  p->isPrepareV2 = (u8)isPrepareV2;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -71680,8 +73045,10 @@
   zTmp = pA->zSql;
   pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
   pB->zSql = zTmp;
-  pB->isPrepareV2 = pA->isPrepareV2;
   pB->expmask = pA->expmask;
+  pB->prepFlags = pA->prepFlags;
+  memcpy(pB->aCounter, pA->aCounter, sizeof(pB->aCounter));
+  pB->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]++;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -71837,6 +73204,9 @@
 ** "s" character in zTypes[], the register is a string if the argument is
 ** not NULL, or OP_Null if the value is a null pointer.  For each "i" character
 ** in zTypes[], the register is initialized to an integer.
+**
+** If the input string does not end with "X" then an OP_ResultRow instruction
+** is generated for the values inserted.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(Vdbe *p, int iDest, const char *zTypes, ...){
   va_list ap;
@@ -71846,12 +73216,15 @@
   for(i=0; (c = zTypes[i])!=0; i++){
     if( c=='s' ){
       const char *z = va_arg(ap, const char*);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(p, z==0 ? OP_Null : OP_String8, 0, iDest++, 0, z, 0);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(p, z==0 ? OP_Null : OP_String8, 0, iDest+i, 0, z, 0);
+    }else if( c=='i' ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Integer, va_arg(ap, int), iDest+i);
     }else{
-      assert( c=='i' );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Integer, va_arg(ap, int), iDest++);
+      goto skip_op_resultrow;
     }
   }
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_ResultRow, iDest, i);
+skip_op_resultrow:
   va_end(ap);
 }
 
@@ -72079,7 +73452,8 @@
 **   *  OP_VUpdate
 **   *  OP_VRename
 **   *  OP_FkCounter with P2==0 (immediate foreign key constraint)
-**   *  OP_CreateTable and OP_InitCoroutine (for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT ...)
+**   *  OP_CreateBtree/BTREE_INTKEY and OP_InitCoroutine 
+**      (for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT ...)
 **
 ** Then check that the value of Parse.mayAbort is true if an
 ** ABORT may be thrown, or false otherwise. Return true if it does
@@ -72107,7 +73481,7 @@
       hasAbort = 1;
       break;
     }
-    if( opcode==OP_CreateTable ) hasCreateTable = 1;
+    if( opcode==OP_CreateBtree && pOp->p3==BTREE_INTKEY ) hasCreateTable = 1;
     if( opcode==OP_InitCoroutine ) hasInitCoroutine = 1;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
     if( opcode==OP_FkCounter && pOp->p1==0 && pOp->p2==1 ){
@@ -72186,6 +73560,27 @@
           p->bIsReader = 1;
           break;
         }
+        case OP_Next:
+        case OP_NextIfOpen:
+        case OP_SorterNext: {
+          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreeNext;
+          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
+          /* The code generator never codes any of these opcodes as a jump
+          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a 
+          ** known address */
+          assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
+          break;
+        }
+        case OP_Prev:
+        case OP_PrevIfOpen: {
+          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreePrevious;
+          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
+          /* The code generator never codes any of these opcodes as a jump
+          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a 
+          ** known address */
+          assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
+          break;
+        }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
         case OP_VUpdate: {
           if( pOp->p2>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p2;
@@ -72197,27 +73592,25 @@
           assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
           n = pOp[-1].p1;
           if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
-          break;
+          /* Fall through into the default case */
         }
 #endif
-        case OP_Next:
-        case OP_NextIfOpen:
-        case OP_SorterNext: {
-          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreeNext;
-          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
-          break;
-        }
-        case OP_Prev:
-        case OP_PrevIfOpen: {
-          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreePrevious;
-          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
+        default: {
+          if( pOp->p2<0 ){
+            /* The mkopcodeh.tcl script has so arranged things that the only
+            ** non-jump opcodes less than SQLITE_MX_JUMP_CODE are guaranteed to
+            ** have non-negative values for P2. */
+            assert( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 );
+            assert( ADDR(pOp->p2)<pParse->nLabel );
+            pOp->p2 = aLabel[ADDR(pOp->p2)];
+          }
           break;
         }
       }
-      if( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 && pOp->p2<0 ){
-        assert( ADDR(pOp->p2)<pParse->nLabel );
-        pOp->p2 = aLabel[ADDR(pOp->p2)];
-      }
+      /* The mkopcodeh.tcl script has so arranged things that the only
+      ** non-jump opcodes less than SQLITE_MX_JUMP_CODE are guaranteed to
+      ** have non-negative values for P2. */
+      assert( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode]&OPFLG_JUMP)==0 || pOp->p2>=0);
     }
     if( pOp==p->aOp ) break;
     pOp--;
@@ -72433,6 +73826,7 @@
     case P4_REAL:
     case P4_INT64:
     case P4_DYNAMIC:
+    case P4_DYNBLOB:
     case P4_INTARRAY: {
       sqlite3DbFree(db, p4);
       break;
@@ -72475,7 +73869,7 @@
   if( aOp ){
     Op *pOp;
     for(pOp=&aOp[nOp-1]; pOp>=aOp; pOp--){
-      if( pOp->p4type ) freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
+      if( pOp->p4type <= P4_FREE_IF_LE ) freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
       sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->zComment);
 #endif     
@@ -72890,8 +74284,8 @@
       int j;
       KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
       assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, "k(%d", pKeyInfo->nField);
-      for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nField; j++){
+      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, "k(%d", pKeyInfo->nKeyField);
+      for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nKeyField; j++){
         CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
         const char *zColl = pColl ? pColl->zName : "";
         if( strcmp(zColl, "BINARY")==0 ) zColl = "B";
@@ -72963,7 +74357,7 @@
       int *ai = pOp->p4.ai;
       int n = ai[0];   /* The first element of an INTARRAY is always the
                        ** count of the number of elements to follow */
-      for(i=1; i<n; i++){
+      for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
         sqlite3XPrintf(&x, ",%d", ai[i]);
       }
       zTemp[0] = '[';
@@ -72974,6 +74368,7 @@
       sqlite3XPrintf(&x, "program");
       break;
     }
+    case P4_DYNBLOB:
     case P4_ADVANCE: {
       zTemp[0] = 0;
       break;
@@ -73206,6 +74601,8 @@
   int i;                               /* Loop counter */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
   Mem *pMem = &p->aMem[1];             /* First Mem of result set */
+  int bListSubprogs = (p->explain==1 || (db->flags & SQLITE_TriggerEQP)!=0);
+  Op *pOp = 0;
 
   assert( p->explain );
   assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );
@@ -73218,7 +74615,7 @@
   releaseMemArray(pMem, 8);
   p->pResultSet = 0;
 
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT ){
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
     /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
     ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
     sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -73233,7 +74630,7 @@
   ** encountered, but p->pc will eventually catch up to nRow.
   */
   nRow = p->nOp;
-  if( p->explain==1 ){
+  if( bListSubprogs ){
     /* The first 8 memory cells are used for the result set.  So we will
     ** commandeer the 9th cell to use as storage for an array of pointers
     ** to trigger subprograms.  The VDBE is guaranteed to have at least 9
@@ -73253,17 +74650,11 @@
 
   do{
     i = p->pc++;
-  }while( i<nRow && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
-  if( i>=nRow ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3VdbeError(p, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
-  }else{
-    char *zP4;
-    Op *pOp;
+    if( i>=nRow ){
+      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
+      break;
+    }
     if( i<p->nOp ){
       /* The output line number is small enough that we are still in the
       ** main program. */
@@ -73278,94 +74669,110 @@
       }
       pOp = &apSub[j]->aOp[i];
     }
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
-      pMem++;
-  
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode); /* Opcode */
-      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      pMem++;
 
-      /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
-      ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
-      ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
-      ** has not already been seen.
-      */
-      if( pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
-        int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        int j;
-        for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
-          if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
+    /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
+    ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
+    ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
+    ** has not already been seen.
+    */
+    if( bListSubprogs && pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
+      int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
+      int j;
+      for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
+        if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
+      }
+      if( j==nSub ){
+        p->rc = sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, nSub!=0);
+        if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+          break;
         }
-        if( j==nSub && SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, nSub!=0) ){
-          apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
-          apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
-          pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
-          pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        }
+        apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
+        apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
+        pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
+        pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
+        nRow += pOp->p4.pProgram->nOp;
       }
     }
+  }while( p->explain==2 && pOp->opcode!=OP_Explain );
 
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
-    pMem++;
-
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
-    pMem++;
-
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
-    pMem++;
-
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 100) ){ /* P4 */
-      assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-    zP4 = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, pMem->szMalloc);
-    if( zP4!=pMem->z ){
-      pMem->n = 0;
-      sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
+      p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      sqlite3VdbeError(p, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
     }else{
-      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-    }
-    pMem++;
-
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 4) ){
-        assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-        return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      char *zP4;
+      if( p->explain==1 ){
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+        pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
+        pMem++;
+    
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
+        pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode); /* Opcode */
+        assert( pMem->z!=0 );
+        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+        pMem++;
       }
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->n = 2;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
       pMem++;
-  
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 500) ){
+
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
+      pMem++;
+
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
+      pMem++;
+
+      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 100) ){ /* P4 */
         assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
         return SQLITE_ERROR;
       }
       pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->n = displayComment(pOp, zP4, pMem->z, 500);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-#else
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;                       /* Comment */
-#endif
-    }
+      zP4 = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, pMem->szMalloc);
+      if( zP4!=pMem->z ){
+        pMem->n = 0;
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+      }else{
+        assert( pMem->z!=0 );
+        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+      }
+      pMem++;
 
-    p->nResColumn = 8 - 4*(p->explain-1);
-    p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];
-    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    rc = SQLITE_ROW;
+      if( p->explain==1 ){
+        if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 4) ){
+          assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
+          return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
+        pMem->n = 2;
+        sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+        pMem++;
+    
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
+        if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 500) ){
+          assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
+          return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
+        pMem->n = displayComment(pOp, zP4, pMem->z, 500);
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+#else
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Null;                       /* Comment */
+#endif
+      }
+
+      p->nResColumn = 8 - 4*(p->explain-1);
+      p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];
+      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      rc = SQLITE_ROW;
+    }
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -73728,44 +75135,24 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Clean up the VM after a single run.
-*/
-static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
-  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
-  int i;
-  if( p->apCsr ) for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr[i]==0 );
-  if( p->aMem ){
-    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Undefined );
-  }
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = 0;
-  p->pResultSet = 0;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Set the number of result columns that will be returned by this SQL
 ** statement. This is now set at compile time, rather than during
 ** execution of the vdbe program so that sqlite3_column_count() can
 ** be called on an SQL statement before sqlite3_step().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe *p, int nResColumn){
-  Mem *pColName;
   int n;
   sqlite3 *db = p->db;
 
-  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
+  if( p->nResColumn ){
+    releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
+  }
   n = nResColumn*COLNAME_N;
   p->nResColumn = (u16)nResColumn;
-  p->aColName = pColName = (Mem*)sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(Mem)*n );
+  p->aColName = (Mem*)sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(Mem)*n );
   if( p->aColName==0 ) return;
-  initMemArray(p->aColName, n, p->db, MEM_Null);
+  initMemArray(p->aColName, n, db, MEM_Null);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -73855,6 +75242,7 @@
       pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
       if( db->aDb[i].safety_level!=PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF
        && aMJNeeded[sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(pPager)]
+       && sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(pPager)==0
       ){ 
         assert( i!=1 );
         nTrans++;
@@ -74415,10 +75803,10 @@
     sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, p->zErrMsg, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
     db->bBenignMalloc--;
-    db->errCode = rc;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3Error(db, rc);
+  }else if( db->pErr ){
+    sqlite3ValueSetNull(db->pErr);
   }
+  db->errCode = rc;
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -74455,6 +75843,10 @@
 ** VDBE_MAGIC_INIT.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe *p){
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
+  int i;
+#endif
+
   sqlite3 *db;
   db = p->db;
 
@@ -74472,8 +75864,6 @@
   if( p->pc>=0 ){
     vdbeInvokeSqllog(p);
     sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = 0;
     if( p->runOnlyOnce ) p->expired = 1;
   }else if( p->rc && p->expired ){
     /* The expired flag was set on the VDBE before the first call
@@ -74481,13 +75871,21 @@
     ** called), set the database error in this case as well.
     */
     sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, p->rc, p->zErrMsg ? "%s" : 0, p->zErrMsg);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = 0;
   }
 
-  /* Reclaim all memory used by the VDBE
+  /* Reset register contents and reclaim error message memory.
   */
-  Cleanup(p);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
+  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
+  if( p->apCsr ) for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr[i]==0 );
+  if( p->aMem ){
+    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Undefined );
+  }
+#endif
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
+  p->zErrMsg = 0;
+  p->pResultSet = 0;
 
   /* Save profiling information from this VDBE run.
   */
@@ -74495,7 +75893,6 @@
   {
     FILE *out = fopen("vdbe_profile.out", "a");
     if( out ){
-      int i;
       fprintf(out, "---- ");
       for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
         fprintf(out, "%02x", p->aOp[i].opcode);
@@ -74621,7 +76018,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
   sqlite3 *db;
 
-  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
+  assert( p!=0 );
   db = p->db;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeClearObject(db, p);
@@ -74708,19 +76105,18 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor **pp, int *piCol){
   VdbeCursor *p = *pp;
-  if( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE ){
-    if( p->deferredMoveto ){
-      int iMap;
-      if( p->aAltMap && (iMap = p->aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 ){
-        *pp = p->pAltCursor;
-        *piCol = iMap - 1;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      return handleDeferredMoveto(p);
+  assert( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || p->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO );
+  if( p->deferredMoveto ){
+    int iMap;
+    if( p->aAltMap && (iMap = p->aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 ){
+      *pp = p->pAltCursor;
+      *piCol = iMap - 1;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
     }
-    if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){
-      return handleMovedCursor(p);
-    }
+    return handleDeferredMoveto(p);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){
+    return handleMovedCursor(p);
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -75018,7 +76414,13 @@
   Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
 ){
   switch( serial_type ){
-    case 10:   /* Reserved for future use */
+    case 10: { /* Internal use only: NULL with virtual table
+               ** UPDATE no-change flag set */
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Zero;
+      pMem->n = 0;
+      pMem->u.nZero = 0;
+      break;
+    }
     case 11:   /* Reserved for future use */
     case 0: {  /* Null */
       /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24078-09375 Value is a NULL. */
@@ -75116,13 +76518,13 @@
 ){
   UnpackedRecord *p;              /* Unpacked record to return */
   int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes required for *p */
-  nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nField+1);
+  nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nKeyField+1);
   p = (UnpackedRecord *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pKeyInfo->db, nByte);
   if( !p ) return 0;
   p->aMem = (Mem*)&((char*)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord))];
   assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
   p->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-  p->nField = pKeyInfo->nField + 1;
+  p->nField = pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1;
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -75162,7 +76564,7 @@
     pMem++;
     if( (++u)>=p->nField ) break;
   }
-  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nField + 1 );
+  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1 );
   p->nField = u;
 }
 
@@ -75211,9 +76613,9 @@
   idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
   if( szHdr1>98307 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
   d1 = szHdr1;
-  assert( pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField>=pPKey2->nField || CORRUPT_DB );
+  assert( pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField || CORRUPT_DB );
   assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
-  assert( pKeyInfo->nField>0 );
+  assert( pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
   assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   do{
     u32 serial_type1;
@@ -75275,12 +76677,12 @@
 /*
 ** Count the number of fields (a.k.a. columns) in the record given by
 ** pKey,nKey.  The verify that this count is less than or equal to the
-** limit given by pKeyInfo->nField + pKeyInfo->nXField.
+** limit given by pKeyInfo->nAllField.
 **
 ** If this constraint is not satisfied, it means that the high-speed
 ** vdbeRecordCompareInt() and vdbeRecordCompareString() routines will
 ** not work correctly.  If this assert() ever fires, it probably means
-** that the KeyInfo.nField or KeyInfo.nXField values were computed
+** that the KeyInfo.nKeyField or KeyInfo.nAllField values were computed
 ** incorrectly.
 */
 static void vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(
@@ -75301,7 +76703,7 @@
     idx += getVarint32(aKey+idx, notUsed);
     nField++;
   }
-  assert( nField <= pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField );
+  assert( nField <= pKeyInfo->nAllField );
 }
 #else
 # define vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(A,B,C)
@@ -75326,7 +76728,6 @@
   }else{
     int rc;
     const void *v1, *v2;
-    int n1, n2;
     Mem c1;
     Mem c2;
     sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&c1, pMem1->db, MEM_Null);
@@ -75334,11 +76735,13 @@
     sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c1, pMem1, MEM_Ephem);
     sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c2, pMem2, MEM_Ephem);
     v1 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c1, pColl->enc);
-    n1 = v1==0 ? 0 : c1.n;
     v2 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c2, pColl->enc);
-    n2 = v2==0 ? 0 : c2.n;
-    rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, n1, v1, n2, v2);
-    if( (v1==0 || v2==0) && prcErr ) *prcErr = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    if( (v1==0 || v2==0) ){
+      if( prcErr ) *prcErr = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      rc = 0;
+    }else{
+      rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, c1.n, v1, c2.n, v2);
+    }
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c1);
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c2);
     return rc;
@@ -75605,10 +77008,10 @@
   }
 
   VVA_ONLY( mem1.szMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */
-  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField+pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nXField>=pPKey2->nField 
+  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField 
        || CORRUPT_DB );
   assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
-  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField>0 );
+  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
   assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   do{
     u32 serial_type;
@@ -75941,7 +77344,7 @@
   ** The easiest way to enforce this limit is to consider only records with
   ** 13 fields or less. If the first field is an integer, the maximum legal
   ** header size is (12*5 + 1 + 1) bytes.  */
-  if( (p->pKeyInfo->nField + p->pKeyInfo->nXField)<=13 ){
+  if( p->pKeyInfo->nAllField<=13 ){
     int flags = p->aMem[0].flags;
     if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0] ){
       p->r1 = 1;
@@ -76124,6 +77527,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the SQLITE_PREPARE flags for a Vdbe.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe *v){
+  return v->prepFlags;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Return a pointer to an sqlite3_value structure containing the value bound
 ** parameter iVar of VM v. Except, if the value is an SQL NULL, return 
 ** 0 instead. Unless it is NULL, apply affinity aff (one of the SQLITE_AFF_*
@@ -76135,6 +77545,7 @@
   assert( iVar>0 );
   if( v ){
     Mem *pMem = &v->aVar[iVar-1];
+    assert( (v->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 );
     if( 0==(pMem->flags & MEM_Null) ){
       sqlite3_value *pRet = sqlite3ValueNew(v->db);
       if( pRet ){
@@ -76154,6 +77565,7 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe *v, int iVar){
   assert( iVar>0 );
+  assert( (v->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 );
   if( iVar>=32 ){
     v->expmask |= 0x80000000;
   }else{
@@ -76161,6 +77573,28 @@
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Cause a function to throw an error if it was call from OP_PureFunc
+** rather than OP_Function.
+**
+** OP_PureFunc means that the function must be deterministic, and should
+** throw an error if it is given inputs that would make it non-deterministic.
+** This routine is invoked by date/time functions that use non-deterministic
+** features such as 'now'.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+  if( pCtx->pVdbe==0 ) return 1;
+#endif
+  if( pCtx->pVdbe->aOp[pCtx->iOp].opcode==OP_PureFunc ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
+       "non-deterministic function in index expression or CHECK constraint",
+       -1);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /*
 ** Transfer error message text from an sqlite3_vtab.zErrMsg (text stored
@@ -76245,7 +77679,7 @@
   preupdate.iNewReg = iReg;
   preupdate.keyinfo.db = db;
   preupdate.keyinfo.enc = ENC(db);
-  preupdate.keyinfo.nField = pTab->nCol;
+  preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField = pTab->nCol;
   preupdate.keyinfo.aSortOrder = (u8*)&fakeSortOrder;
   preupdate.iKey1 = iKey1;
   preupdate.iKey2 = iKey2;
@@ -76255,8 +77689,8 @@
   db->xPreUpdateCallback(db->pPreUpdateArg, db, op, zDb, zTbl, iKey1, iKey2);
   db->pPreUpdate = 0;
   sqlite3DbFree(db, preupdate.aRecord);
-  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nField+1, preupdate.pUnpacked);
-  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nField+1, preupdate.pNewUnpacked);
+  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField+1, preupdate.pUnpacked);
+  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField+1, preupdate.pNewUnpacked);
   if( preupdate.aNew ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<pCsr->nField; i++){
@@ -76425,7 +77859,7 @@
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&p->aVar[i]);
     p->aVar[i].flags = MEM_Null;
   }
-  assert( p->isPrepareV2 || p->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || p->expmask==0 );
   if( p->expmask ){
     p->expired = 1;
   }
@@ -76470,10 +77904,18 @@
   Mem *pMem = (Mem*)pVal;
   return ((pMem->flags & MEM_Subtype) ? pMem->eSubtype : 0);
 }
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value *pVal, const char *zPType){
   Mem *p = (Mem*)pVal;
-  if( (p->flags&(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Ptr))==(MEM_Null|MEM_Ptr) ) return p->u.pPtr;
-  return 0;
+  if( (p->flags&(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype)) ==
+                 (MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype)
+   && zPType!=0
+   && p->eSubtype=='p'
+   && strcmp(p->u.zPType, zPType)==0
+  ){
+    return (void*)p->z;
+  }else{
+    return 0;
+  }
 }
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value *pVal){
   return (const unsigned char *)sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
@@ -76531,6 +77973,11 @@
   return aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask];
 }
 
+/* Return true if a parameter to xUpdate represents an unchanged column */
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+  return (pVal->flags&(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero))==(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero);
+}
+
 /* Make a copy of an sqlite3_value object
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value *pOrig){
@@ -76649,17 +78096,22 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pCtx->pOut, iVal);
 }
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context *pCtx, void *pPtr){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
-  assert( (pCtx->pOut->flags & (MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Ptr))==MEM_Null );
-  pCtx->pOut->flags |= MEM_Ptr;
-  pCtx->pOut->u.pPtr = pPtr;
-}
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
 }
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  void *pPtr,
+  const char *zPType,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+){
+  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
+  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pOut);
+  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(pOut, pPtr, zPType, xDestructor);
+}
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context *pCtx, unsigned int eSubtype){
   Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
@@ -76782,7 +78234,7 @@
       sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
       nEntry = sqlite3PagerWalCallback(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
       sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
-      if( db->xWalCallback && nEntry>0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( nEntry>0 && db->xWalCallback && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = db->xWalCallback(db->pWalArg, db, db->aDb[i].zDbSName, nEntry);
       }
     }
@@ -76892,7 +78344,7 @@
   if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ) checkProfileCallback(db, p);
 #endif
 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE && db->autoCommit ){
     assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
     p->rc = doWalCallbacks(db);
     if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -76916,8 +78368,11 @@
        || (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
   );
   assert( (p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) || p->rc==p->rcApp );
-  if( p->isPrepareV2 && rc!=SQLITE_ROW && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
-    /* If this statement was prepared using sqlite3_prepare_v2(), and an
+  if( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 
+   && rc!=SQLITE_ROW 
+   && rc!=SQLITE_DONE 
+  ){
+    /* If this statement was prepared using saved SQL and an 
     ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
     ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
     */ 
@@ -76933,7 +78388,6 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Result from sqlite3Step() */
-  int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;     /* Result from sqlite3Reprepare() */
   Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;  /* the prepared statement */
   int cnt = 0;             /* Counter to prevent infinite loop of reprepares */
   sqlite3 *db;             /* The database connection */
@@ -76947,32 +78401,31 @@
   while( (rc = sqlite3Step(v))==SQLITE_SCHEMA
          && cnt++ < SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY ){
     int savedPc = v->pc;
-    rc2 = rc = sqlite3Reprepare(v);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK) break;
+    rc = sqlite3Reprepare(v);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
+      ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
+      ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
+      ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
+      ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
+      ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
+      ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().
+      */
+      const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr); 
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, v->zErrMsg);
+      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
+        v->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zErr);
+        v->rc = rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
+      } else {
+        v->zErrMsg = 0;
+        v->rc = rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
     if( savedPc>=0 ) v->doingRerun = 1;
     assert( v->expired==0 );
   }
-  if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
-    ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
-    ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
-    ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
-    ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
-    ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
-    ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().
-    */
-    const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr); 
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, v->zErrMsg);
-    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-      v->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zErr);
-      v->rc = rc2;
-    } else {
-      v->zErrMsg = 0;
-      v->rc = rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    }
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
@@ -77003,6 +78456,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** If this routine is invoked from within an xColumn method of a virtual
+** table, then it returns true if and only if the the call is during an
+** UPDATE operation and the value of the column will not be modified
+** by the UPDATE.
+**
+** If this routine is called from any context other than within the
+** xColumn method of a virtual table, then the return value is meaningless
+** and arbitrary.
+**
+** Virtual table implements might use this routine to optimize their
+** performance by substituting a NULL result, or some other light-weight
+** value, as a signal to the xUpdate routine that the column is unchanged.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context *p){
+  assert( p );
+  return sqlite3_value_nochange(p->pOut);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Return the current time for a statement.  If the current time
 ** is requested more than once within the same run of a single prepared
 ** statement, the exact same time is returned for each invocation regardless
@@ -77556,7 +79028,7 @@
   ** as if there had been a schema change, on the first sqlite3_step() call
   ** following any change to the bindings of that parameter.
   */
-  assert( p->isPrepareV2 || p->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || p->expmask==0 );
   if( p->expmask!=0 && (p->expmask & (i>=31 ? 0x80000000 : (u32)1<<i))!=0 ){
     p->expired = 1;
   }
@@ -77586,8 +79058,10 @@
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && encoding!=0 ){
         rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVar, ENC(p->db));
       }
-      sqlite3Error(p->db, rc);
-      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, rc);
+      if( rc ){
+        sqlite3Error(p->db, rc);
+        rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, rc);
+      }
     }
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   }else if( xDel!=SQLITE_STATIC && xDel!=SQLITE_TRANSIENT ){
@@ -77658,6 +79132,24 @@
   }
   return rc;
 }
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  void *pPtr,
+  const char *zPTtype,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+){
+  int rc;
+  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
+  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(&p->aVar[i-1], pPtr, zPTtype, xDestructor);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
+  }else if( xDestructor ){
+    xDestructor(pPtr);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text( 
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
   int i, 
@@ -77820,11 +79312,11 @@
   if( pFrom->nVar!=pTo->nVar ){
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  assert( pTo->isPrepareV2 || pTo->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (pTo->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || pTo->expmask==0 );
   if( pTo->expmask ){
     pTo->expired = 1;
   }
-  assert( pFrom->isPrepareV2 || pFrom->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (pFrom->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || pFrom->expmask==0 );
   if( pFrom->expmask ){
     pFrom->expired = 1;
   }
@@ -77894,8 +79386,19 @@
     return 0;
   }
 #endif
-  v = pVdbe->aCounter[op];
-  if( resetFlag ) pVdbe->aCounter[op] = 0;
+  if( op==SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED ){
+    sqlite3 *db = pVdbe->db;
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+    v = 0;
+    db->pnBytesFreed = (int*)&v;
+    sqlite3VdbeClearObject(db, pVdbe);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pVdbe);
+    db->pnBytesFreed = 0;
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  }else{
+    v = pVdbe->aCounter[op];
+    if( resetFlag ) pVdbe->aCounter[op] = 0;
+  }
   return (int)v;
 }
 
@@ -77947,7 +79450,7 @@
 
   pRet = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pKeyInfo);
   if( pRet ){
-    memset(pRet->aMem, 0, sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nField+1));
+    memset(pRet->aMem, 0, sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nKeyField+1));
     sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pKeyInfo, nKey, pKey, pRet);
   }
   return pRet;
@@ -78020,7 +79523,7 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *db){
   PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
-  return (p ? p->keyinfo.nField : 0);
+  return (p ? p->keyinfo.nKeyField : 0);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
 
@@ -78273,7 +79776,7 @@
   Mem *pVar;               /* Value of a host parameter */
   StrAccum out;            /* Accumulate the output here */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  Mem utf8;                /* Used to convert UTF16 parameters into UTF8 for display */
+  Mem utf8;                /* Used to convert UTF16 into UTF8 for display */
 #endif
   char zBase[100];         /* Initial working space */
 
@@ -78742,7 +80245,7 @@
   if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
-  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
     return MEM_Int;
   }
   return MEM_Real;
@@ -78852,7 +80355,7 @@
   if( p->flags & MEM_Undefined ){
     printf(" undefined");
   }else if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    printf(" NULL");
+    printf(p->flags & MEM_Zero ? " NULL-nochng" : " NULL");
   }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
     printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
   }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
@@ -79050,7 +80553,7 @@
   int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last comparison */
   unsigned nVmStep = 0;      /* Number of virtual machine steps */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  unsigned nProgressLimit = 0;/* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
+  unsigned nProgressLimit;   /* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
 #endif
   Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
   Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
@@ -79082,6 +80585,8 @@
     u32 iPrior = p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP];
     assert( 0 < db->nProgressOps );
     nProgressLimit = db->nProgressOps - (iPrior % db->nProgressOps);
+  }else{
+    nProgressLimit = 0xffffffff;
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -79259,7 +80764,7 @@
   ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
   ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
   */
-  if( db->xProgress!=0 && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit ){
+  if( nVmStep>=nProgressLimit && db->xProgress!=0 ){
     assert( db->nProgressOps!=0 );
     nProgressLimit = nVmStep + db->nProgressOps - (nVmStep%db->nProgressOps);
     if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
@@ -79801,7 +81306,7 @@
   /* Run the progress counter just before returning.
   */
   if( db->xProgress!=0
-   && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit
+   && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit 
    && db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg)!=0
   ){
     rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
@@ -80065,117 +81570,6 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Function0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
-**
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef object that
-** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
-** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
-** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
-**
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
-** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
-** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
-** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
-** invocation of this opcode.
-**
-** See also: Function, AggStep, AggFinal
-*/
-/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
-**
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object that
-** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with P5 arguments taken
-** from register P2 and successors.  The result of the function is stored
-** in register P3.  Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
-**
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
-** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
-** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
-** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
-** invocation of this opcode.
-**
-** SQL functions are initially coded as OP_Function0 with P4 pointing
-** to a FuncDef object.  But on first evaluation, the P4 operand is
-** automatically converted into an sqlite3_context object and the operation
-** changed to this OP_Function opcode.  In this way, the initialization of
-** the sqlite3_context object occurs only once, rather than once for each
-** evaluation of the function.
-**
-** See also: Function0, AggStep, AggFinal
-*/
-case OP_Function0: {
-  int n;
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF );
-  n = pOp->p5;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
-  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1) );
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
-  pCtx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(*pCtx) + (n-1)*sizeof(sqlite3_value*));
-  if( pCtx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCtx->pOut = 0;
-  pCtx->pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-  pCtx->iOp = (int)(pOp - aOp);
-  pCtx->pVdbe = p;
-  pCtx->argc = n;
-  pOp->p4type = P4_FUNCCTX;
-  pOp->p4.pCtx = pCtx;
-  pOp->opcode = OP_Function;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Function */
-}
-case OP_Function: {
-  int i;
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCCTX );
-  pCtx = pOp->p4.pCtx;
-
-  /* If this function is inside of a trigger, the register array in aMem[]
-  ** might change from one evaluation to the next.  The next block of code
-  ** checks to see if the register array has changed, and if so it
-  ** reinitializes the relavant parts of the sqlite3_context object */
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( pCtx->pOut != pOut ){
-    pCtx->pOut = pOut;
-    for(i=pCtx->argc-1; i>=0; i--) pCtx->argv[i] = &aMem[pOp->p2+i];
-  }
-
-  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  for(i=0; i<pCtx->argc; i++){
-    assert( memIsValid(pCtx->argv[i]) );
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+i, pCtx->argv[i]);
-  }
-#endif
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-  pCtx->fErrorOrAux = 0;
-  (*pCtx->pFunc->xSFunc)(pCtx, pCtx->argc, pCtx->argv);/* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
-
-  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
-  if( pCtx->fErrorOrAux ){
-    if( pCtx->isError ){
-      sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pOut));
-      rc = pCtx->isError;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(db, &p->pAuxData, pCtx->iOp, pOp->p1);
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  }
-
-  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
-  if( pOut->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding);
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ) goto too_big;
-  }
-
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
 /* Opcode: BitAnd P1 P2 P3 * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]
 **
@@ -80541,13 +81935,23 @@
     res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);
   }
 compare_op:
-  switch( pOp->opcode ){
-    case OP_Eq:    res2 = res==0;     break;
-    case OP_Ne:    res2 = res;        break;
-    case OP_Lt:    res2 = res<0;      break;
-    case OP_Le:    res2 = res<=0;     break;
-    case OP_Gt:    res2 = res>0;      break;
-    default:       res2 = res>=0;     break;
+  /* At this point, res is negative, zero, or positive if reg[P1] is
+  ** less than, equal to, or greater than reg[P3], respectively.  Compute
+  ** the answer to this operator in res2, depending on what the comparison
+  ** operator actually is.  The next block of code depends on the fact
+  ** that the 6 comparison operators are consecutive integers in this
+  ** order:  NE, EQ, GT, LE, LT, GE */
+  assert( OP_Eq==OP_Ne+1 ); assert( OP_Gt==OP_Ne+2 ); assert( OP_Le==OP_Ne+3 );
+  assert( OP_Lt==OP_Ne+4 ); assert( OP_Ge==OP_Ne+5 );
+  if( res<0 ){                        /* ne, eq, gt, le, lt, ge */
+    static const unsigned char aLTb[] = { 1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0 };
+    res2 = aLTb[pOp->opcode - OP_Ne];
+  }else if( res==0 ){
+    static const unsigned char aEQb[] = { 0,  1,  0,  1,  0,  1 };
+    res2 = aEQb[pOp->opcode - OP_Ne];
+  }else{
+    static const unsigned char aGTb[] = { 1,  0,  1,  0,  0,  1 };
+    res2 = aGTb[pOp->opcode - OP_Ne];
   }
 
   /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
@@ -80559,7 +81963,6 @@
   if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
     pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
     iCompare = res;
-    res2 = res2!=0;  /* For this path res2 must be exactly 0 or 1 */
     if( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_KEEPNULL)!=0 ){
       /* The KEEPNULL flag prevents OP_Eq from overwriting a NULL with 1
       ** and prevents OP_Ne from overwriting NULL with 0.  This flag
@@ -80690,7 +82093,7 @@
     assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p2+idx]) );
     REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &aMem[p1+idx]);
     REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &aMem[p2+idx]);
-    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );
+    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nKeyField );
     pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
     bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
     iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[p1+idx], &aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
@@ -80926,6 +82329,36 @@
   break;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+/* Opcode: Offset P1 P2 P3 * *
+** Synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)
+**
+** Store in register r[P3] the byte offset into the database file that is the
+** start of the payload for the record at which that cursor P1 is currently
+** pointing.
+**
+** P2 is the column number for the argument to the sqlite_offset() function.
+** This opcode does not use P2 itself, but the P2 value is used by the
+** code generator.  The P1, P2, and P3 operands to this opcode are the
+** as as for OP_Column.
+**
+** This opcode is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
+** -DSQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC option.
+*/
+case OP_Offset: {          /* out3 */
+  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
+  if( NEVER(pC==0) || pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_BTREE ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, sqlite3BtreeOffset(pC->uc.pCursor));
+  }
+  break;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC */
+
 /* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=PX
 **
@@ -80963,16 +82396,16 @@
   const u8 *zData;   /* Part of the record being decoded */
   const u8 *zHdr;    /* Next unparsed byte of the header */
   const u8 *zEndHdr; /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
-  u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
   u64 offset64;      /* 64-bit offset */
-  u32 avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
   u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
   Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
 
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   p2 = pOp->p2;
 
-  /* If the cursor cache is stale, bring it up-to-date */
+  /* If the cursor cache is stale (meaning it is not currently point at
+  ** the correct row) then bring it up-to-date by doing the necessary 
+  ** B-Tree seek. */
   rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(&pC, &p2);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
 
@@ -80990,11 +82423,13 @@
   if( pC->cacheStatus!=p->cacheCtr ){                /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
     if( pC->nullRow ){
       if( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO ){
-        assert( pC->uc.pseudoTableReg>0 );
-        pReg = &aMem[pC->uc.pseudoTableReg];
+        /* For the special case of as pseudo-cursor, the seekResult field
+        ** identifies the register that holds the record */
+        assert( pC->seekResult>0 );
+        pReg = &aMem[pC->seekResult];
         assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
         assert( memIsValid(pReg) );
-        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = avail = pReg->n;
+        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = pReg->n;
         pC->aRow = (u8*)pReg->z;
       }else{
         sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
@@ -81006,23 +82441,19 @@
       assert( pCrsr );
       assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
       pC->payloadSize = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCrsr);
-      pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCrsr, &avail);
-      assert( avail<=65536 );  /* Maximum page size is 64KiB */
-      if( pC->payloadSize <= (u32)avail ){
-        pC->szRow = pC->payloadSize;
-      }else if( pC->payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
+      pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCrsr, &pC->szRow);
+      assert( pC->szRow<=pC->payloadSize );
+      assert( pC->szRow<=65536 );  /* Maximum page size is 64KiB */
+      if( pC->payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
         goto too_big;
-      }else{
-        pC->szRow = avail;
       }
     }
     pC->cacheStatus = p->cacheCtr;
-    pC->iHdrOffset = getVarint32(pC->aRow, offset);
+    pC->iHdrOffset = getVarint32(pC->aRow, aOffset[0]);
     pC->nHdrParsed = 0;
-    aOffset[0] = offset;
 
 
-    if( avail<offset ){      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
+    if( pC->szRow<aOffset[0] ){      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
       /* pC->aRow does not have to hold the entire row, but it does at least
       ** need to cover the header of the record.  If pC->aRow does not contain
       ** the complete header, then set it to zero, forcing the header to be
@@ -81039,17 +82470,26 @@
       ** 3-byte type for each of the maximum of 32768 columns plus three
       ** extra bytes for the header length itself.  32768*3 + 3 = 98307.
       */
-      if( offset > 98307 || offset > pC->payloadSize ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
+      if( aOffset[0] > 98307 || aOffset[0] > pC->payloadSize ){
+        goto op_column_corrupt;
       }
-    }else if( offset>0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
-      /* The following goto is an optimization.  It can be omitted and
-      ** everything will still work.  But OP_Column is measurably faster
-      ** by skipping the subsequent conditional, which is always true.
+    }else{
+      /* This is an optimization.  By skipping over the first few tests
+      ** (ex: pC->nHdrParsed<=p2) in the next section, we achieve a
+      ** measurable performance gain.
+      **
+      ** This branch is taken even if aOffset[0]==0.  Such a record is never
+      ** generated by SQLite, and could be considered corruption, but we
+      ** accept it for historical reasons.  When aOffset[0]==0, the code this
+      ** branch jumps to reads past the end of the record, but never more
+      ** than a few bytes.  Even if the record occurs at the end of the page
+      ** content area, the "page header" comes after the page content and so
+      ** this overread is harmless.  Similar overreads can occur for a corrupt
+      ** database file.
       */
       zData = pC->aRow;
       assert( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 );         /* Conditional skipped */
+      testcase( aOffset[0]==0 );
       goto op_column_read_header;
     }
   }
@@ -81078,6 +82518,7 @@
       offset64 = aOffset[i];
       zHdr = zData + pC->iHdrOffset;
       zEndHdr = zData + aOffset[0];
+      testcase( zHdr>=zEndHdr );
       do{
         if( (t = zHdr[0])<0x80 ){
           zHdr++;
@@ -81098,9 +82539,13 @@
       if( (zHdr>=zEndHdr && (zHdr>zEndHdr || offset64!=pC->payloadSize))
        || (offset64 > pC->payloadSize)
       ){
-        if( pC->aRow==0 ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
+        if( aOffset[0]==0 ){
+          i = 0;
+          zHdr = zEndHdr;
+        }else{
+          if( pC->aRow==0 ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
+          goto op_column_corrupt;
+        }
       }
 
       pC->nHdrParsed = i;
@@ -81194,6 +82639,15 @@
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);
   REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);
   break;
+
+op_column_corrupt:
+  if( aOp[0].p3>0 ){
+    pOp = &aOp[aOp[0].p3-1];
+    break;
+  }else{
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Affinity P1 P2 * P4 *
@@ -81318,9 +82772,18 @@
   pRec = pLast;
   do{
     assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
-    pRec->uTemp = serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
+    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
     if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      if( nData ){
+      if( serial_type==0 ){
+        /* Values with MEM_Null and MEM_Zero are created by xColumn virtual
+        ** table methods that never invoke sqlite3_result_xxxxx() while
+        ** computing an unchanging column value in an UPDATE statement.
+        ** Give such values a special internal-use-only serial-type of 10
+        ** so that they can be passed through to xUpdate and have
+        ** a true sqlite3_value_nochange(). */
+        assert( pOp->p5==OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC || CORRUPT_DB );
+        serial_type = 10;
+      }else if( nData ){
         if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec) ) goto no_mem;
       }else{
         nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
@@ -81331,6 +82794,7 @@
     testcase( serial_type==127 );
     testcase( serial_type==128 );
     nHdr += serial_type<=127 ? 1 : sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
+    pRec->uTemp = serial_type;
     if( pRec==pData0 ) break;
     pRec--;
   }while(1);
@@ -81534,7 +82998,7 @@
         int isSchemaChange;
         iSavepoint = db->nSavepoint - iSavepoint - 1;
         if( p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
-          isSchemaChange = (db->flags & SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0;
+          isSchemaChange = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0;
           for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
             rc = sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(db->aDb[ii].pBt,
                                        SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK,
@@ -81553,7 +83017,7 @@
         if( isSchemaChange ){
           sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
           sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
-          db->flags = (db->flags | SQLITE_InternChanges);
+          db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
         }
       }
   
@@ -81833,7 +83297,7 @@
   if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
     /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
     pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = pOp->p3;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
     /* Record changes in the file format */
     pDb->pSchema->file_format = pOp->p3;
@@ -81972,7 +83436,7 @@
     assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
     sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
     p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
-    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
+    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateBtree opcode and
     ** that opcode will always set the p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
     ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
     ** before reaching this instruction. */
@@ -81982,7 +83446,7 @@
     pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
     assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
     assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
-    nField = pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField;
+    nField = pKeyInfo->nAllField;
   }else if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 ){
     nField = pOp->p4.i;
   }
@@ -82193,8 +83657,13 @@
   pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p3, -1, CURTYPE_PSEUDO);
   if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
   pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  pCx->uc.pseudoTableReg = pOp->p2;
+  pCx->seekResult = pOp->p2;
   pCx->isTable = 1;
+  /* Give this pseudo-cursor a fake BtCursor pointer so that pCx
+  ** can be safely passed to sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto().  This avoids a test
+  ** for pCx->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE inside of sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto()
+  ** which is a performance optimization */
+  pCx->uc.pCursor = sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor();
   assert( pOp->p5==0 );
   break;
 }
@@ -82454,8 +83923,15 @@
   if( oc>=OP_SeekGE ){  assert( oc==OP_SeekGE || oc==OP_SeekGT );
     if( res<0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekGT) ){
       res = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->uc.pCursor, 0);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          res = 1;
+        }else{
+          goto abort_due_to_error;
+        }
+      }
     }else{
       res = 0;
     }
@@ -82463,8 +83939,15 @@
     assert( oc==OP_SeekLT || oc==OP_SeekLE );
     if( res>0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekLT) ){
       res = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pC->uc.pCursor, 0);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          res = 1;
+        }else{
+          goto abort_due_to_error;
+        }
+      }
     }else{
       /* res might be negative because the table is empty.  Check to
       ** see if this is the case.
@@ -82922,10 +84405,8 @@
   int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
   const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
   Table *pTab;      /* Table structure - used by update and pre-update hooks */
-  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
   BtreePayload x;   /* Payload to be inserted */
 
-  op = 0;
   pData = &aMem[pOp->p2];
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   assert( memIsValid(pData) );
@@ -82953,33 +84434,30 @@
     zDb = db->aDb[pC->iDb].zDbSName;
     pTab = pOp->p4.pTab;
     assert( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISNOOP) || HasRowid(pTab) );
-    op = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT);
   }else{
-    pTab = 0; /* Not needed.  Silence a compiler warning. */
+    pTab = 0;
     zDb = 0;  /* Not needed.  Silence a compiler warning. */
   }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
   /* Invoke the pre-update hook, if any */
-  if( db->xPreUpdateCallback 
-   && pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE
-   && !(pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE)
-  ){
-    sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(p, pC, SQLITE_INSERT, zDb, pTab, x.nKey, pOp->p2);
+  if( pTab ){
+    if( db->xPreUpdateCallback && !(pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ){
+      sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(p, pC, SQLITE_INSERT, zDb, pTab, x.nKey,pOp->p2);
+    }
+    if( db->xUpdateCallback==0 || pTab->aCol==0 ){
+      /* Prevent post-update hook from running in cases when it should not */
+      pTab = 0;
+    }
   }
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISNOOP ) break;
 #endif
 
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = x.nKey;
-  if( pData->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    x.pData = 0;
-    x.nData = 0;
-  }else{
-    assert( pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
-    x.pData = pData->z;
-    x.nData = pData->n;
-  }
+  assert( pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
+  x.pData = pData->z;
+  x.nData = pData->n;
   seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0);
   if( pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
     x.nZero = pData->u.nZero;
@@ -82995,8 +84473,12 @@
 
   /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( db->xUpdateCallback && op ){
-    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, op, zDb, pTab->zName, x.nKey);
+  if( pTab ){
+    assert( db->xUpdateCallback!=0 );
+    assert( pTab->aCol!=0 );
+    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg,
+           (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT,
+           zDb, pTab->zName, x.nKey);
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -83346,7 +84828,17 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: SeekEnd P1 * * * *
+**
+** Position cursor P1 at the end of the btree for the purpose of
+** appending a new entry onto the btree.
+**
+** It is assumed that the cursor is used only for appending and so
+** if the cursor is valid, then the cursor must already be pointing
+** at the end of the btree and so no changes are made to
+** the cursor.
+*/
+/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
 **
 ** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Prev instruction for P1 
 ** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
@@ -83357,14 +84849,8 @@
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
 ** from the end toward the beginning.  In other words, the cursor is
 ** configured to use Prev, not Next.
-**
-** If P3 is -1, then the cursor is positioned at the end of the btree
-** for the purpose of appending a new entry onto the btree.  In that
-** case P2 must be 0.  It is assumed that the cursor is used only for
-** appending and so if the cursor is valid, then the cursor must already
-** be pointing at the end of the btree and so no changes are made to
-** the cursor.
 */
+case OP_SeekEnd:
 case OP_Last: {        /* jump */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
@@ -83377,22 +84863,24 @@
   pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
   res = 0;
   assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  pC->seekResult = pOp->p3;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = OP_Last;
+  pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
 #endif
-  if( pOp->p3==0 || !sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pCrsr) ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pCrsr, &res);
-    pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
-    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    if( pOp->p2>0 ){
-      VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-      if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
-    }
-  }else{
+  if( pOp->opcode==OP_SeekEnd ){
     assert( pOp->p2==0 );
+    pC->seekResult = -1;
+    if( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pCrsr) ){
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pCrsr, &res);
+  pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
+  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
+  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  if( pOp->p2>0 ){
+    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
+    if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -83570,12 +85058,10 @@
 */
 case OP_SorterNext: {  /* jump */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
 
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( isSorter(pC) );
-  res = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC, &res);
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC);
   goto next_tail;
 case OP_PrevIfOpen:    /* jump */
 case OP_NextIfOpen:    /* jump */
@@ -83586,12 +85072,9 @@
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   assert( pOp->p5<ArraySize(p->aCounter) );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  res = pOp->p3;
   assert( pC!=0 );
   assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
   assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
-  assert( res==0 || (res==1 && pC->isTable==0) );
-  testcase( res==1 );
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Next || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Prev || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreePrevious );
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_NextIfOpen || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
@@ -83606,21 +85089,21 @@
        || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLE
        || pC->seekOp==OP_Last );
 
-  rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
+  rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(pC->uc.pCursor, pOp->p3);
 next_tail:
   pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res==0,2);
-  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( res==0 ){
+  VdbeBranchTaken(rc==SQLITE_OK,2);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pC->nullRow = 0;
     p->aCounter[pOp->p5]++;
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_search_count++;
 #endif
     goto jump_to_p2_and_check_for_interrupt;
-  }else{
-    pC->nullRow = 1;
   }
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  pC->nullRow = 1;
   goto check_for_interrupt;
 }
 
@@ -83731,8 +85214,8 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Seek P1 * P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid
+/* Opcode: DeferredSeek P1 * P3 P4 *
+** Synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed
 **
 ** P1 is an open index cursor and P3 is a cursor on the corresponding
 ** table.  This opcode does a deferred seek of the P3 table cursor
@@ -83759,11 +85242,11 @@
 **
 ** See also: Rowid, MakeRecord.
 */
-case OP_Seek:
-case OP_IdxRowid: {              /* out2 */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;                /* The P1 index cursor */
-  VdbeCursor *pTabCur;           /* The P2 table cursor (OP_Seek only) */
-  i64 rowid;                     /* Rowid that P1 current points to */
+case OP_DeferredSeek:
+case OP_IdxRowid: {           /* out2 */
+  VdbeCursor *pC;             /* The P1 index cursor */
+  VdbeCursor *pTabCur;        /* The P2 table cursor (OP_DeferredSeek only) */
+  i64 rowid;                  /* Rowid that P1 current points to */
 
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
@@ -83789,7 +85272,7 @@
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       goto abort_due_to_error;
     }
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Seek ){
+    if( pOp->opcode==OP_DeferredSeek ){
       assert( pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<p->nCursor );
       pTabCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p3];
       assert( pTabCur!=0 );
@@ -84026,50 +85509,28 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
+/* Opcode: CreateBtree P1 P2 P3 * *
+** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3
 **
-** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2
-**
-** The difference between a table and an index is this:  A table must
-** have a 4-byte integer key and can have arbitrary data.  An index
-** has an arbitrary key but no data.
-**
-** See also: CreateIndex
+** Allocate a new b-tree in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
+** TEMP database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
+** P1>1.  The P3 argument must be 1 (BTREE_INTKEY) for a rowid table
+** it must be 2 (BTREE_BLOBKEY) for a index or WITHOUT ROWID table.
+** The root page number of the new b-tree is stored in register P2.
 */
-/* Opcode: CreateIndex P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
-**
-** Allocate a new index in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2.
-**
-** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
-*/
-case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2 */
-case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2 */
+case OP_CreateBtree: {          /* out2 */
   int pgno;
-  int flags;
   Db *pDb;
 
   pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
   pgno = 0;
+  assert( pOp->p3==BTREE_INTKEY || pOp->p3==BTREE_BLOBKEY );
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
   assert( p->readOnly==0 );
   pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
   assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_CreateTable ){
-    /* flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
-    flags = BTREE_INTKEY;
-  }else{
-    flags = BTREE_BLOBKEY;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, flags);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, pOp->p3);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
   pOut->u.i = pgno;
   break;
@@ -84231,7 +85692,7 @@
   nRoot = pOp->p2;
   aRoot = pOp->p4.ai;
   assert( nRoot>0 );
-  assert( aRoot[nRoot]==0 );
+  assert( aRoot[0]==nRoot );
   assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
   pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
@@ -84239,7 +85700,7 @@
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p5) );
-  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, aRoot, nRoot,
+  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1], nRoot,
                                  (int)pnErr->u.i+1, &nErr);
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
   if( nErr==0 ){
@@ -85035,7 +86496,7 @@
 */
 case OP_TableLock: {
   u8 isWriteLock = (u8)pOp->p3;
-  if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) ){
+  if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit) ){
     int p1 = pOp->p1; 
     assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
     assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, p1) );
@@ -85226,12 +86687,18 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * P5
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)
 **
-** Store the value of the P2-th column of
-** the row of the virtual-table that the 
-** P1 cursor is pointing to into register P3.
+** Store in register P3 the value of the P2-th column of
+** the current row of the virtual-table of cursor P1.
+**
+** If the VColumn opcode is being used to fetch the value of
+** an unchanging column during an UPDATE operation, then the P5
+** value is 1.  Otherwise, P5 is 0.  The P5 value is returned
+** by sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine can can be used
+** by virtual table implementations to return special "no-change"
+** marks which can be more efficient, depending on the virtual table.
 */
 case OP_VColumn: {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
@@ -85253,7 +86720,13 @@
   assert( pModule->xColumn );
   memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
   sContext.pOut = pDest;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
+  if( pOp->p5 ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
+    pDest->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Zero;
+    pDest->u.nZero = 0;
+  }else{
+    MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
+  }
   rc = pModule->xColumn(pCur->uc.pVCur, &sContext, pOp->p2);
   sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
   if( sContext.isError ){
@@ -85464,8 +86937,129 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+/* Opcode: Function0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
+**
+** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef object that
+** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
+** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
+** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
+**
+** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
+** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
+** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
+** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
+** invocation of this opcode.
+**
+** See also: Function, AggStep, AggFinal
+*/
+/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
+**
+** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object that
+** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with P5 arguments taken
+** from register P2 and successors.  The result of the function is stored
+** in register P3.  Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
+**
+** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
+** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
+** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
+** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
+** invocation of this opcode.
+**
+** SQL functions are initially coded as OP_Function0 with P4 pointing
+** to a FuncDef object.  But on first evaluation, the P4 operand is
+** automatically converted into an sqlite3_context object and the operation
+** changed to this OP_Function opcode.  In this way, the initialization of
+** the sqlite3_context object occurs only once, rather than once for each
+** evaluation of the function.
+**
+** See also: Function0, AggStep, AggFinal
+*/
+case OP_PureFunc0:
+case OP_Function0: {
+  int n;
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
 
-/* Opcode: Init P1 P2 * P4 *
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF );
+  n = pOp->p5;
+  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
+  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1) );
+  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
+  pCtx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(*pCtx) + (n-1)*sizeof(sqlite3_value*));
+  if( pCtx==0 ) goto no_mem;
+  pCtx->pOut = 0;
+  pCtx->pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
+  pCtx->iOp = (int)(pOp - aOp);
+  pCtx->pVdbe = p;
+  pCtx->argc = n;
+  pOp->p4type = P4_FUNCCTX;
+  pOp->p4.pCtx = pCtx;
+  assert( OP_PureFunc == OP_PureFunc0+2 );
+  assert( OP_Function == OP_Function0+2 );
+  pOp->opcode += 2;
+  /* Fall through into OP_Function */
+}
+case OP_PureFunc:
+case OP_Function: {
+  int i;
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
+
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCCTX );
+  pCtx = pOp->p4.pCtx;
+
+  /* If this function is inside of a trigger, the register array in aMem[]
+  ** might change from one evaluation to the next.  The next block of code
+  ** checks to see if the register array has changed, and if so it
+  ** reinitializes the relavant parts of the sqlite3_context object */
+  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
+  if( pCtx->pOut != pOut ){
+    pCtx->pOut = pOut;
+    for(i=pCtx->argc-1; i>=0; i--) pCtx->argv[i] = &aMem[pOp->p2+i];
+  }
+
+  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  for(i=0; i<pCtx->argc; i++){
+    assert( memIsValid(pCtx->argv[i]) );
+    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+i, pCtx->argv[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
+  pCtx->fErrorOrAux = 0;
+  (*pCtx->pFunc->xSFunc)(pCtx, pCtx->argc, pCtx->argv);/* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
+
+  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
+  if( pCtx->fErrorOrAux ){
+    if( pCtx->isError ){
+      sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pOut));
+      rc = pCtx->isError;
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(db, &p->pAuxData, pCtx->iOp, pOp->p1);
+    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
+
+  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
+  if( pOut->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding);
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ) goto too_big;
+  }
+
+  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
+  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: Trace P1 P2 * P4 *
+**
+** Write P4 on the statement trace output if statement tracing is
+** enabled.
+**
+** Operand P1 must be 0x7fffffff and P2 must positive.
+*/
+/* Opcode: Init P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: Start at P2
 **
 ** Programs contain a single instance of this opcode as the very first
@@ -85479,7 +87073,11 @@
 **
 ** Increment the value of P1 so that OP_Once opcodes will jump the
 ** first time they are evaluated for this run.
+**
+** If P3 is not zero, then it is an address to jump to if an SQLITE_CORRUPT
+** error is encountered.
 */
+case OP_Trace:
 case OP_Init: {          /* jump */
   char *zTrace;
   int i;
@@ -85494,7 +87092,9 @@
   ** sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) otherwise.
   */
   assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || strncmp(pOp->p4.z, "-" "- ", 3)==0 );
-  assert( pOp==p->aOp );  /* Always instruction 0 */
+
+  /* OP_Init is always instruction 0 */
+  assert( pOp==p->aOp || pOp->opcode==OP_Trace );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
   if( (db->mTrace & (SQLITE_TRACE_STMT|SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY))!=0
@@ -85537,12 +87137,14 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */
   assert( pOp->p2>0 );
   if( pOp->p1>=sqlite3GlobalConfig.iOnceResetThreshold ){
+    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Trace ) break;
     for(i=1; i<p->nOp; i++){
       if( p->aOp[i].opcode==OP_Once ) p->aOp[i].p1 = 0;
     }
     pOp->p1 = 0;
   }
   pOp->p1++;
+  p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]++;
   goto jump_to_p2;
 }
 
@@ -85752,11 +87354,12 @@
   v->aMem[1].u.i = iRow;
 
   /* If the statement has been run before (and is paused at the OP_ResultRow)
-  ** then back it up to the point where it does the OP_SeekRowid.  This could
+  ** then back it up to the point where it does the OP_NotExists.  This could
   ** have been down with an extra OP_Goto, but simply setting the program
   ** counter is faster. */
-  if( v->pc>3 ){
-    v->pc = 3;
+  if( v->pc>4 ){
+    v->pc = 4;
+    assert( v->aOp[v->pc].opcode==OP_NotExists );
     rc = sqlite3VdbeExec(v);
   }else{
     rc = sqlite3_step(p->pStmt);
@@ -85818,8 +87421,8 @@
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   char *zErr = 0;
   Table *pTab;
-  Parse *pParse = 0;
   Incrblob *pBlob = 0;
+  Parse sParse;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( ppBlob==0 ){
@@ -85837,37 +87440,34 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
 
   pBlob = (Incrblob *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Incrblob));
-  if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( !pParse ) goto blob_open_out;
-
   do {
-    memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(Parse));
-    pParse->db = db;
+    memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(Parse));
+    if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;
+    sParse.db = db;
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
     zErr = 0;
 
     sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
+    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(&sParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
     if( pTab && IsVirtual(pTab) ){
       pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open virtual table: %s", zTable);
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "cannot open virtual table: %s", zTable);
     }
     if( pTab && !HasRowid(pTab) ){
       pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open table without rowid: %s", zTable);
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "cannot open table without rowid: %s", zTable);
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
     if( pTab && pTab->pSelect ){
       pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open view: %s", zTable);
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "cannot open view: %s", zTable);
     }
 #endif
     if( !pTab ){
-      if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
+      if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
         sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-        zErr = pParse->zErrMsg;
-        pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
+        zErr = sParse.zErrMsg;
+        sParse.zErrMsg = 0;
       }
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
@@ -85931,7 +87531,7 @@
       }
     }
 
-    pBlob->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt *)sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse);
+    pBlob->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt *)sqlite3VdbeCreate(&sParse);
     assert( pBlob->pStmt || db->mallocFailed );
     if( pBlob->pStmt ){
       
@@ -85967,7 +87567,8 @@
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Transaction, iDb, wrFlag, 
                            pTab->pSchema->schema_cookie,
                            pTab->pSchema->iGeneration);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);     
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
+      assert( sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)==2 || db->mallocFailed );
       aOp = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(openBlob), openBlob, iLn);
 
       /* Make sure a mutex is held on the table to be accessed */
@@ -85982,7 +87583,7 @@
         aOp[0].p1 = iDb;
         aOp[0].p2 = pTab->tnum;
         aOp[0].p3 = wrFlag;
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 1, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 2, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
       }
       if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
 #endif
@@ -86004,10 +87605,10 @@
         aOp[1].p4.i = pTab->nCol+1;
         aOp[3].p2 = pTab->nCol;
 
-        pParse->nVar = 0;
-        pParse->nMem = 1;
-        pParse->nTab = 1;
-        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse);
+        sParse.nVar = 0;
+        sParse.nMem = 1;
+        sParse.nTab = 1;
+        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, &sParse);
       }
     }
    
@@ -86029,8 +87630,7 @@
   }
   sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-  sqlite3ParserReset(pParse);
-  sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
+  sqlite3ParserReset(&sParse);
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
@@ -87016,15 +88616,15 @@
   int n2;
   int res;
 
-  getVarint32(&p1[1], n1); n1 = (n1 - 13) / 2;
-  getVarint32(&p2[1], n2); n2 = (n2 - 13) / 2;
-  res = memcmp(v1, v2, MIN(n1, n2));
+  getVarint32(&p1[1], n1);
+  getVarint32(&p2[1], n2);
+  res = memcmp(v1, v2, (MIN(n1, n2) - 13)/2);
   if( res==0 ){
     res = n1 - n2;
   }
 
   if( res==0 ){
-    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nField>1 ){
+    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>1 ){
       res = vdbeSorterCompareTail(
           pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
       );
@@ -87093,7 +88693,7 @@
   }
 
   if( res==0 ){
-    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nField>1 ){
+    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>1 ){
       res = vdbeSorterCompareTail(
           pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
       );
@@ -87108,7 +88708,7 @@
 /*
 ** Initialize the temporary index cursor just opened as a sorter cursor.
 **
-** Usually, the sorter module uses the value of (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField)
+** Usually, the sorter module uses the value of (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField)
 ** to determine the number of fields that should be compared from the
 ** records being sorted. However, if the value passed as argument nField
 ** is non-zero and the sorter is able to guarantee a stable sort, nField
@@ -87161,7 +88761,7 @@
 
   assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo && pCsr->pBtx==0 );
   assert( pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_SORTER );
-  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);
+  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);
   sz = sizeof(VdbeSorter) + nWorker * sizeof(SortSubtask);
 
   pSorter = (VdbeSorter*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sz + szKeyInfo);
@@ -87173,8 +88773,7 @@
     memcpy(pKeyInfo, pCsr->pKeyInfo, szKeyInfo);
     pKeyInfo->db = 0;
     if( nField && nWorker==0 ){
-      pKeyInfo->nXField += (pKeyInfo->nField - nField);
-      pKeyInfo->nField = nField;
+      pKeyInfo->nKeyField = nField;
     }
     pSorter->pgsz = pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt);
     pSorter->nTask = nWorker + 1;
@@ -87202,11 +88801,9 @@
       mxCache = MIN(mxCache, SQLITE_MAX_PMASZ);
       pSorter->mxPmaSize = MAX(pSorter->mnPmaSize, (int)mxCache);
 
-      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-26747-61719 When the application provides any amount of
-      ** scratch memory using SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary
-      ** large heap allocations.
-      */
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch==0 ){
+      /* Avoid large memory allocations if the application has requested
+      ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC. */
+      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bSmallMalloc==0 ){
         assert( pSorter->iMemory==0 );
         pSorter->nMemory = pgsz;
         pSorter->list.aMemory = (u8*)sqlite3Malloc(pgsz);
@@ -87214,7 +88811,7 @@
       }
     }
 
-    if( (pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField)<13 
+    if( pKeyInfo->nAllField<13 
      && (pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0 || pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==db->pDfltColl)
     ){
       pSorter->typeMask = SORTER_TYPE_INTEGER | SORTER_TYPE_TEXT;
@@ -87529,7 +89126,7 @@
   if( pTask->pUnpacked==0 ){
     pTask->pUnpacked = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo);
     if( pTask->pUnpacked==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    pTask->pUnpacked->nField = pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nField;
+    pTask->pUnpacked->nField = pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField;
     pTask->pUnpacked->errCode = 0;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -88813,9 +90410,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance to the next element in the sorter.
+** Advance to the next element in the sorter.  Return value:
+**
+**    SQLITE_OK     success
+**    SQLITE_DONE   end of data
+**    otherwise     some kind of error.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int *pbEof){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr){
   VdbeSorter *pSorter;
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
@@ -88829,21 +90430,22 @@
 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
     if( pSorter->bUseThreads ){
       rc = vdbePmaReaderNext(pSorter->pReader);
-      *pbEof = (pSorter->pReader->pFd==0);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pSorter->pReader->pFd==0 ) rc = SQLITE_DONE;
     }else
 #endif
     /*if( !pSorter->bUseThreads )*/ {
+      int res = 0;
       assert( pSorter->pMerger!=0 );
       assert( pSorter->pMerger->pTask==(&pSorter->aTask[0]) );
-      rc = vdbeMergeEngineStep(pSorter->pMerger, pbEof);
+      rc = vdbeMergeEngineStep(pSorter->pMerger, &res);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && res ) rc = SQLITE_DONE;
     }
   }else{
     SorterRecord *pFree = pSorter->list.pList;
     pSorter->list.pList = pFree->u.pNext;
     pFree->u.pNext = 0;
     if( pSorter->list.aMemory==0 ) vdbeSorterRecordFree(db, pFree);
-    *pbEof = !pSorter->list.pList;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    rc = pSorter->list.pList ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_DONE;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -89429,16 +91031,22 @@
   int rc;
   testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
   testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) );
-  rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
-  if( rc || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
-    return rc & WRC_Abort;
-  }
-  if( pExpr->pLeft && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( pExpr->pRight && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pRight) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-    if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
-    if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
+  while(1){
+    rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
+    if( rc ) return rc & WRC_Abort;
+    if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
+      if( pExpr->pLeft && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
+       assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 || pExpr->pRight==0 );
+      if( pExpr->pRight ){
+        pExpr = pExpr->pRight;
+        continue;
+      }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+        if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
+      }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
+        if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
@@ -89474,7 +91082,6 @@
   if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
   if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, p->pOrderBy) ) return WRC_Abort;
   if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pLimit) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pOffset) ) return WRC_Abort;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -89491,16 +91098,15 @@
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
 
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  if( ALWAYS(pSrc) ){
-    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
-      if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
-       && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
-      ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
+  assert( pSrc!=0 );
+  for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
+    if( pItem->pSelect && sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
+      return WRC_Abort;
+    }
+    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
+     && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
+    ){
+      return WRC_Abort;
     }
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
@@ -89513,8 +91119,9 @@
 **
 ** If it is not NULL, the xSelectCallback() callback is invoked before
 ** the walk of the expressions and FROM clause. The xSelectCallback2()
-** method, if it is not NULL, is invoked following the walk of the 
-** expressions and FROM clause.
+** method is invoked following the walk of the expressions and FROM clause,
+** but only if both xSelectCallback and xSelectCallback2 are both non-NULL
+** and if the expressions and FROM clause both return WRC_Continue;
 **
 ** Return WRC_Continue under normal conditions.  Return WRC_Abort if
 ** there is an abort request.
@@ -89524,29 +91131,22 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   int rc;
-  if( p==0 || (pWalker->xSelectCallback==0 && pWalker->xSelectCallback2==0) ){
-    return WRC_Continue;
-  }
-  rc = WRC_Continue;
-  pWalker->walkerDepth++;
-  while( p ){
-    if( pWalker->xSelectCallback ){
-       rc = pWalker->xSelectCallback(pWalker, p);
-       if( rc ) break;
-    }
+  if( p==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
+  if( pWalker->xSelectCallback==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
+  do{
+    rc = pWalker->xSelectCallback(pWalker, p);
+    if( rc ) return rc & WRC_Abort;
     if( sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(pWalker, p)
      || sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(pWalker, p)
     ){
-      pWalker->walkerDepth--;
       return WRC_Abort;
     }
     if( pWalker->xSelectCallback2 ){
       pWalker->xSelectCallback2(pWalker, p);
     }
     p = p->pPrior;
-  }
-  pWalker->walkerDepth--;
-  return rc & WRC_Abort;
+  }while( p!=0 );
+  return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
 /************** End of walker.c **********************************************/
@@ -90031,6 +91631,7 @@
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
   pExpr->pRight = 0;
   pExpr->op = (isTrigger ? TK_TRIGGER : TK_COLUMN);
+  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf);
 lookupname_end:
   if( cnt==1 ){
     assert( pNC!=0 );
@@ -90069,7 +91670,6 @@
       testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
       pItem->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<(iCol>=BMS ? BMS-1 : iCol);
     }
-    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_Resolved);
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -90129,8 +91729,6 @@
   pParse = pNC->pParse;
   assert( pParse==pWalker->pParse );
 
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved) ) return WRC_Prune;
-  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( pNC->pSrcList && pNC->pSrcList->nAlloc>0 ){
     SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
@@ -90151,7 +91749,8 @@
       SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
       struct SrcList_item *pItem;
       assert( pSrcList && pSrcList->nSrc==1 );
-      pItem = pSrcList->a; 
+      pItem = pSrcList->a;
+      assert( HasRowid(pItem->pTab) && pItem->pTab->pSelect==0 );
       pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
       pExpr->pTab = pItem->pTab;
       pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
@@ -90463,7 +92062,7 @@
   ** result-set entry.
   */
   for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pEList->a[i].pExpr, pE, -1)<2 ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pEList->a[i].pExpr, pE, -1)<2 ){
       return i+1;
     }
   }
@@ -90514,12 +92113,10 @@
   pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
   if( pOrderBy==0 ) return 0;
   db = pParse->db;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
   if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in ORDER BY clause");
     return 1;
   }
-#endif
   for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
     pOrderBy->a[i].done = 0;
   }
@@ -90611,12 +92208,10 @@
   struct ExprList_item *pItem;
 
   if( pOrderBy==0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
   if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in %s BY clause", zType);
     return 1;
   }
-#endif
   pEList = pSelect->pEList;
   assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
   for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
@@ -90697,7 +92292,7 @@
       return 1;
     }
     for(j=0; j<pSelect->pEList->nExpr; j++){
-      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pE, pSelect->pEList->a[j].pExpr, -1)==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pE, pSelect->pEList->a[j].pExpr, -1)==0 ){
         pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol = j+1;
       }
     }
@@ -90754,8 +92349,7 @@
     */
     memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
     sNC.pParse = pParse;
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pLimit) ||
-        sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pOffset) ){
+    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pLimit) ){
       return WRC_Abort;
     }
 
@@ -90983,37 +92577,29 @@
   u16 savedHasAgg;
   Walker w;
 
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  {
-    Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, pExpr->nHeight+pNC->pParse->nHeight) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
-  }
-#endif
+  if( pExpr==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
   savedHasAgg = pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
   pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
   w.pParse = pNC->pParse;
   w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
   w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
   w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
-  w.walkerDepth = 0;
-  w.eCode = 0;
   w.u.pNC = pNC;
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+  w.pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
+  if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(w.pParse, w.pParse->nHeight) ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+#endif
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  pNC->pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
+  w.pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
 #endif
-  if( pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0 ){
-    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
-  }
   if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg ){
     ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);
   }
   pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
-  return ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
+  return pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -91054,9 +92640,9 @@
   Walker w;
 
   assert( p!=0 );
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
   w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
   w.pParse = pParse;
   w.u.pNC = pOuterNC;
   sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, p);
@@ -91225,6 +92811,11 @@
 ** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
 ** there is no defined collating sequence, return NULL.
 **
+** See also: sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq()
+**
+** The sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq() works the same exact that it returns the
+** default collation if pExpr has no defined collation.
+**
 ** The collating sequence might be determined by a COLLATE operator
 ** or by the presence of a column with a defined collating sequence.
 ** COLLATE operators take first precedence.  Left operands take
@@ -91290,6 +92881,32 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
+** there is no defined collating sequence, return a pointer to the
+** defautl collation sequence.
+**
+** See also: sqlite3ExprCollSeq()
+**
+** The sqlite3ExprCollSeq() routine works the same except that it
+** returns NULL if there is no defined collation.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  CollSeq *p = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
+  if( p==0 ) p = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
+  assert( p!=0 );
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the two expressions have equivalent collating sequences.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2){
+  CollSeq *pColl1 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pE1);
+  CollSeq *pColl2 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pE2);
+  return sqlite3StrICmp(pColl1->zName, pColl2->zName)==0;
+}
+
+/*
 ** pExpr is an operand of a comparison operator.  aff2 is the
 ** type affinity of the other operand.  This routine returns the
 ** type affinity that should be used for the comparison operator.
@@ -91728,16 +93345,15 @@
     }
   }
 }
-static void heightOfSelect(Select *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
+static void heightOfSelect(Select *pSelect, int *pnHeight){
+  Select *p;
+  for(p=pSelect; p; p=p->pPrior){
     heightOfExpr(p->pWhere, pnHeight);
     heightOfExpr(p->pHaving, pnHeight);
     heightOfExpr(p->pLimit, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pOffset, pnHeight);
     heightOfExprList(p->pEList, pnHeight);
     heightOfExprList(p->pGroupBy, pnHeight);
     heightOfExprList(p->pOrderBy, pnHeight);
-    heightOfSelect(p->pPrior, pnHeight);
   }
 }
 
@@ -91845,7 +93461,7 @@
     pNew->iAgg = -1;
     if( pToken ){
       if( nExtra==0 ){
-        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue|EP_Leaf;
         pNew->u.iValue = iValue;
       }else{
         pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&pNew[1];
@@ -91876,7 +93492,7 @@
 ){
   Token x;
   x.z = zToken;
-  x.n = zToken ? sqlite3Strlen30(zToken) : 0;
+  x.n = sqlite3Strlen30(zToken);
   return sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, op, &x, 0);
 }
 
@@ -92022,6 +93638,7 @@
     return 0;
   }
   pNew->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_HasFunc);
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
   sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pNew);
   return pNew;
@@ -92126,8 +93743,9 @@
     /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
     assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
     if( p->pLeft && p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pLeft);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pRight);
-    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+    if( p->pRight ){
+      sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pRight);
+    }else if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
       sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
     }else{
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
@@ -92402,10 +94020,9 @@
   Expr *pPriorSelectCol = 0;
   assert( db!=0 );
   if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, 
-             sizeof(*pNew)+sizeof(pNew->a[0])*(p->nExpr-1) );
+  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, p));
   if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->nAlloc = pNew->nExpr = p->nExpr;
+  pNew->nExpr = p->nExpr;
   pItem = pNew->a;
   pOldItem = p->a;
   for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++, pItem++, pOldItem++){
@@ -92531,7 +94148,6 @@
     pNew->pNext = pNext;
     pNew->pPrior = 0;
     pNew->pLimit = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLimit, flags);
-    pNew->pOffset = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pOffset, flags);
     pNew->iLimit = 0;
     pNew->iOffset = 0;
     pNew->selFlags = p->selFlags & ~SF_UsesEphemeral;
@@ -92559,6 +94175,13 @@
 ** Add a new element to the end of an expression list.  If pList is
 ** initially NULL, then create a new expression list.
 **
+** The pList argument must be either NULL or a pointer to an ExprList
+** obtained from a prior call to sqlite3ExprListAppend().  This routine
+** may not be used with an ExprList obtained from sqlite3ExprListDup().
+** Reason:  This routine assumes that the number of slots in pList->a[]
+** is a power of two.  That is true for sqlite3ExprListAppend() returns
+** but is not necessarily true from the return value of sqlite3ExprListDup().
+**
 ** If a memory allocation error occurs, the entire list is freed and
 ** NULL is returned.  If non-NULL is returned, then it is guaranteed
 ** that the new entry was successfully appended.
@@ -92577,19 +94200,19 @@
       goto no_mem;
     }
     pList->nExpr = 0;
-    pList->nAlloc = 1;
-  }else if( pList->nExpr==pList->nAlloc ){
+  }else if( (pList->nExpr & (pList->nExpr-1))==0 ){
     ExprList *pNew;
     pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList, 
-             sizeof(*pList)+(2*pList->nAlloc - 1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
+             sizeof(*pList)+(2*pList->nExpr - 1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
     if( pNew==0 ){
       goto no_mem;
     }
     pList = pNew;
-    pList->nAlloc *= 2;
   }
   pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr++];
-  memset(pItem, 0, sizeof(*pItem));
+  assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zName)==sizeof(pItem->pExpr) );
+  assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,pExpr)==0 );
+  memset(&pItem->zName,0,sizeof(*pItem)-offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zName));
   pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
   return pList;
 
@@ -92718,17 +94341,16 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
   ExprList *pList,        /* List to which to add the span. */
-  ExprSpan *pSpan         /* The span to be added */
+  const char *zStart,     /* Start of the span */
+  const char *zEnd        /* End of the span */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   assert( pList!=0 || db->mallocFailed!=0 );
   if( pList ){
     struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr-1];
     assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
-    assert( db->mallocFailed || pItem->pExpr==pSpan->pExpr );
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
-    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pSpan->zStart,
-                                    (int)(pSpan->zEnd - pSpan->zStart));
+    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
   }
 }
 
@@ -92775,17 +94397,29 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList *pList){
   int i;
   u32 m = 0;
-  if( pList ){
-    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-       Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
-       assert( pExpr!=0 );
-       m |= pExpr->flags;
-    }
+  assert( pList!=0 );
+  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+     Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
+     assert( pExpr!=0 );
+     m |= pExpr->flags;
   }
   return m;
 }
 
 /*
+** This is a SELECT-node callback for the expression walker that
+** always "fails".  By "fail" in this case, we mean set
+** pWalker->eCode to zero and abort.
+**
+** This callback is used by multiple expression walkers.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker *pWalker, Select *NotUsed){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
+  pWalker->eCode = 0;
+  return WRC_Abort;
+}
+
+/*
 ** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
 ** see if they are "constant" for some definition of constant.  The
 ** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
@@ -92861,22 +94495,19 @@
       }
       /* Fall through */
     default:
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* selectNodeIsConstant will disallow */
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* selectNodeIsConstant will disallow */
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail will disallow */
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail will disallow */
       return WRC_Continue;
   }
 }
-static int selectNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Select *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  pWalker->eCode = 0;
-  return WRC_Abort;
-}
 static int exprIsConst(Expr *p, int initFlag, int iCur){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = initFlag;
   w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectNodeIsConstant;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
+#endif
   w.u.iCur = iCur;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
   return w.eCode;
@@ -92926,9 +94557,9 @@
   ** it constant.  */
   for(i=0; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++){
     Expr *p = pGroupBy->a[i].pExpr;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr, p, -1)<2 ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWalker->pParse, p);
-      if( pColl==0 || sqlite3_stricmp("BINARY", pColl->zName)==0 ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, p, -1)<2 ){
+      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pWalker->pParse, p);
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp("BINARY", pColl->zName)==0 ){
         return WRC_Prune;
       }
     }
@@ -92964,9 +94595,9 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, ExprList *pGroupBy){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = 1;
   w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstantOrGroupBy;
+  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
   w.u.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
   w.pParse = pParse;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
@@ -92994,10 +94625,12 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr *p){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = 1;
   w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectNodeIsConstant;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
+#endif
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
   return w.eCode==0;
 }
@@ -93067,8 +94700,8 @@
     case TK_BLOB:
       return 0;
     case TK_COLUMN:
-      assert( p->pTab!=0 );
       return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
+             p->pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
              (p->iColumn>=0 && p->pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
     default:
       return 1;
@@ -93150,7 +94783,6 @@
   }
   assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );              /* Has no GROUP BY clause */
   if( p->pLimit ) return 0;              /* Has no LIMIT clause */
-  assert( p->pOffset==0 );               /* No LIMIT means no OFFSET */
   if( p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Has no WHERE clause */
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
   assert( pSrc!=0 );
@@ -93240,16 +94872,15 @@
 ** pX->iTable made to point to the ephemeral table instead of an
 ** existing table.
 **
-** The inFlags parameter must contain exactly one of the bits
-** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP or IN_INDEX_LOOP.  If inFlags contains
-** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP, then the generated table will be used for a
-** fast membership test.  When the IN_INDEX_LOOP bit is set, the
-** IN index will be used to loop over all values of the RHS of the
-** IN operator.
+** The inFlags parameter must contain, at a minimum, one of the bits
+** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP or IN_INDEX_LOOP but not both.  If inFlags contains
+** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP, then the generated table will be used for a fast
+** membership test.  When the IN_INDEX_LOOP bit is set, the IN index will
+** be used to loop over all values of the RHS of the IN operator.
 **
 ** When IN_INDEX_LOOP is used (and the b-tree will be used to iterate
 ** through the set members) then the b-tree must not contain duplicates.
-** An epheremal table must be used unless the selected columns are guaranteed
+** An epheremal table will be created unless the selected columns are guaranteed
 ** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or due to
 ** a UNIQUE constraint or index.
 **
@@ -93730,7 +95361,7 @@
         /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
         r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        if( isRowid ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, r2);
+        if( isRowid ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Blob, 0, r2, 0, "", P4_STATIC);
         for(i=pList->nExpr, pItem=pList->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
           Expr *pE2 = pItem->pExpr;
           int iValToIns;
@@ -93790,6 +95421,7 @@
       Select *pSel;                         /* SELECT statement to encode */
       SelectDest dest;                      /* How to deal with SELECT result */
       int nReg;                             /* Registers to allocate */
+      Expr *pLimit;                         /* New limit expression */
 
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
@@ -93811,11 +95443,14 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iSDParm);
         VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
       }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit);
-      pSel->pLimit = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,
-                                  &sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
+      pLimit = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
+      if( pSel->pLimit ){
+        sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit->pLeft);
+        pSel->pLimit->pLeft = pLimit;
+      }else{
+        pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LIMIT, pLimit, 0);
+      }
       pSel->iLimit = 0;
-      pSel->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
       if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){
         return 0;
       }
@@ -94158,7 +95793,7 @@
     const char *z = pExpr->u.zToken;
     assert( z!=0 );
     c = sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &value);
-    if( c==1 || (c==2 && !negFlag) || (negFlag && value==SMALLEST_INT64)){
+    if( (c==3 && !negFlag) || (c==2) || (negFlag && value==SMALLEST_INT64)){
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "oversized integer: %s%s", negFlag ? "-" : "", z);
 #else
@@ -94172,7 +95807,7 @@
       }
 #endif
     }else{
-      if( negFlag ){ value = c==2 ? SMALLEST_INT64 : -value; }
+      if( negFlag ){ value = c==3 ? SMALLEST_INT64 : -value; }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(v, OP_Int64, 0, iMem, 0, (u8*)&value, P4_INT64);
     }
   }
@@ -94332,8 +95967,9 @@
   if( iTabCol==XN_EXPR ){
     assert( pIdx->aColExpr );
     assert( pIdx->aColExpr->nExpr>iIdxCol );
-    pParse->iSelfTab = iTabCur;
+    pParse->iSelfTab = iTabCur + 1;
     sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIdx->aColExpr->a[iIdxCol].pExpr, regOut);
+    pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(pParse->pVdbe, pIdx->pTable, iTabCur,
                                     iTabCol, regOut);
@@ -94577,13 +96213,13 @@
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       int iTab = pExpr->iTable;
       if( iTab<0 ){
-        if( pParse->ckBase>0 ){
+        if( pParse->iSelfTab<0 ){
           /* Generating CHECK constraints or inserting into partial index */
-          return pExpr->iColumn + pParse->ckBase;
+          return pExpr->iColumn - pParse->iSelfTab;
         }else{
           /* Coding an expression that is part of an index where column names
           ** in the index refer to the table to which the index belongs */
-          iTab = pParse->iSelfTab;
+          iTab = pParse->iSelfTab - 1;
         }
       }
       return sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->pTab,
@@ -94920,9 +96556,21 @@
         if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl; 
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
       }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function0, constMask, r1, target,
-                        (char*)pDef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nFarg);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET ){
+        Expr *pArg = pFarg->a[0].pExpr;
+        if( pArg->op==TK_COLUMN ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Offset, pArg->iTable, pArg->iColumn, target);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
+        }
+      }else
+#endif
+      {
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, pParse->iSelfTab ? OP_PureFunc0 : OP_Function0,
+                          constMask, r1, target, (char*)pDef, P4_FUNCDEF);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nFarg);
+      }
       if( nFarg && constMask==0 ){
         sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r1, nFarg);
       }
@@ -95200,7 +96848,7 @@
     struct ExprList_item *pItem;
     int i;
     for(pItem=p->a, i=p->nExpr; i>0; pItem++, i--){
-      if( pItem->reusable && sqlite3ExprCompare(pItem->pExpr,pExpr,-1)==0 ){
+      if( pItem->reusable && sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pItem->pExpr,pExpr,-1)==0 ){
         return pItem->u.iConstExprReg;
       }
     }
@@ -95326,7 +96974,9 @@
 ** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
 ** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
 **
-** Return the number of elements evaluated.
+** Return the number of elements evaluated.  The number returned will
+** usually be pList->nExpr but might be reduced if SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF
+** is defined.
 **
 ** The SQLITE_ECEL_DUP flag prevents the arguments from being
 ** filled using OP_SCopy.  OP_Copy must be used instead.
@@ -95337,6 +96987,8 @@
 ** The SQLITE_ECEL_REF flag means that expressions in the list with
 ** ExprList.a[].u.x.iOrderByCol>0 have already been evaluated and stored
 ** in registers at srcReg, and so the value can be copied from there.
+** If SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF is also set, then the values with u.x.iOrderByCol>0
+** are simply omitted rather than being copied from srcReg.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
   Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
@@ -95755,6 +97407,41 @@
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCopy);
 }
 
+/*
+** Expression pVar is guaranteed to be an SQL variable. pExpr may be any
+** type of expression.
+**
+** If pExpr is a simple SQL value - an integer, real, string, blob
+** or NULL value - then the VDBE currently being prepared is configured
+** to re-prepare each time a new value is bound to variable pVar.
+**
+** Additionally, if pExpr is a simple SQL value and the value is the
+** same as that currently bound to variable pVar, non-zero is returned.
+** Otherwise, if the values are not the same or if pExpr is not a simple
+** SQL value, zero is returned.
+*/
+static int exprCompareVariable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pVar, Expr *pExpr){
+  int res = 0;
+  int iVar;
+  sqlite3_value *pL, *pR = 0;
+  
+  sqlite3ValueFromExpr(pParse->db, pExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pR);
+  if( pR ){
+    iVar = pVar->iColumn;
+    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iVar);
+    pL = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pParse->pReprepare, iVar, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
+    if( pL ){
+      if( sqlite3_value_type(pL)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
+        sqlite3_value_text(pL); /* Make sure the encoding is UTF-8 */
+      }
+      res =  0==sqlite3MemCompare(pL, pR, 0);
+    }
+    sqlite3ValueFree(pR);
+    sqlite3ValueFree(pL);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Do a deep comparison of two expression trees.  Return 0 if the two
@@ -95777,12 +97464,22 @@
 ** this routine is used, it does not hurt to get an extra 2 - that
 ** just might result in some slightly slower code.  But returning
 ** an incorrect 0 or 1 could lead to a malfunction.
+**
+** If pParse is not NULL then TK_VARIABLE terms in pA with bindings in
+** pParse->pReprepare can be matched against literals in pB.  The 
+** pParse->pVdbe->expmask bitmask is updated for each variable referenced.
+** If pParse is NULL (the normal case) then any TK_VARIABLE term in 
+** Argument pParse should normally be NULL. If it is not NULL and pA or
+** pB causes a return value of 2.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse *pParse, Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
   u32 combinedFlags;
   if( pA==0 || pB==0 ){
     return pB==pA ? 0 : 2;
   }
+  if( pParse && pA->op==TK_VARIABLE && exprCompareVariable(pParse, pA, pB) ){
+    return 0;
+  }
   combinedFlags = pA->flags | pB->flags;
   if( combinedFlags & EP_IntValue ){
     if( (pA->flags&pB->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0 && pA->u.iValue==pB->u.iValue ){
@@ -95791,10 +97488,10 @@
     return 2;
   }
   if( pA->op!=pB->op ){
-    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB, iTab)<2 ){
+    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft,pB,iTab)<2 ){
       return 1;
     }
-    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA, pB->pLeft, iTab)<2 ){
+    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA,pB->pLeft,iTab)<2 ){
       return 1;
     }
     return 2;
@@ -95809,8 +97506,8 @@
   if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
   if( ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_TokenOnly)==0) ){
     if( combinedFlags & EP_xIsSelect ) return 2;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft, iTab) ) return 2;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pRight, pB->pRight, iTab) ) return 2;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft, iTab) ) return 2;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pRight, pB->pRight, iTab) ) return 2;
     if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pA->x.pList, pB->x.pList, iTab) ) return 2;
     if( ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_Reduced)==0) && pA->op!=TK_STRING ){
       if( pA->iColumn!=pB->iColumn ) return 2;
@@ -95845,7 +97542,7 @@
     Expr *pExprA = pA->a[i].pExpr;
     Expr *pExprB = pB->a[i].pExpr;
     if( pA->a[i].sortOrder!=pB->a[i].sortOrder ) return 1;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExprA, pExprB, iTab) ) return 1;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExprA, pExprB, iTab) ) return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -95855,7 +97552,7 @@
 ** are ignored.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
-  return sqlite3ExprCompare(
+  return sqlite3ExprCompare(0,
              sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pA),
              sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pB),
              iTab);
@@ -95877,24 +97574,29 @@
 ** When comparing TK_COLUMN nodes between pE1 and pE2, if pE2 has
 ** Expr.iTable<0 then assume a table number given by iTab.
 **
+** If pParse is not NULL, then the values of bound variables in pE1 are 
+** compared against literal values in pE2 and pParse->pVdbe->expmask is
+** modified to record which bound variables are referenced.  If pParse 
+** is NULL, then false will be returned if pE1 contains any bound variables.
+**
 ** When in doubt, return false.  Returning true might give a performance
 ** improvement.  Returning false might cause a performance reduction, but
 ** it will always give the correct answer and is hence always safe.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2, int iTab){
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pE1, pE2, iTab)==0 ){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2, int iTab){
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pE1, pE2, iTab)==0 ){
     return 1;
   }
   if( pE2->op==TK_OR
-   && (sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pE1, pE2->pLeft, iTab)
-             || sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pE1, pE2->pRight, iTab) )
+   && (sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pE1, pE2->pLeft, iTab)
+             || sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pE1, pE2->pRight, iTab) )
   ){
     return 1;
   }
   if( pE2->op==TK_NOTNULL && pE1->op!=TK_ISNULL && pE1->op!=TK_IS ){
     Expr *pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pE1->pLeft);
     testcase( pX!=pE1->pLeft );
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pX, pE2->pLeft, iTab)==0 ) return 1;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pX, pE2->pLeft, iTab)==0 ) return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -96002,8 +97704,8 @@
   Walker w;
   struct SrcCount cnt;
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = exprSrcCount;
+  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
   w.u.pSrcCount = &cnt;
   cnt.pSrc = pSrcList;
   cnt.nThis = 0;
@@ -96135,7 +97837,7 @@
         */
         struct AggInfo_func *pItem = pAggInfo->aFunc;
         for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pItem++){
-          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pItem->pExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
+          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pItem->pExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
             break;
           }
         }
@@ -96175,10 +97877,14 @@
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 static int analyzeAggregatesInSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pWalker);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
+  pWalker->walkerDepth++;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
+static void analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
+  pWalker->walkerDepth--;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Analyze the pExpr expression looking for aggregate functions and
@@ -96191,9 +97897,10 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext *pNC, Expr *pExpr){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = analyzeAggregate;
   w.xSelectCallback = analyzeAggregatesInSelect;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd;
+  w.walkerDepth = 0;
   w.u.pNC = pNC;
   assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
@@ -96294,8 +98001,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse *pParse, int iFirst, int iLast){
   int i;
   if( pParse->nRangeReg>0
-   && pParse->iRangeReg+pParse->nRangeReg<iLast
-   && pParse->iRangeReg>=iFirst
+   && pParse->iRangeReg+pParse->nRangeReg > iFirst
+   && pParse->iRangeReg <= iLast
   ){
      return 0;
   }
@@ -96687,7 +98394,7 @@
 ** Or, if zName is not a system table, zero is returned.
 */
 static int isSystemTable(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  if( sqlite3Strlen30(zName)>6 && 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
+  if( 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be altered", zName);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -96715,9 +98422,9 @@
   char *zWhere = 0;         /* Where clause to locate temp triggers */
 #endif
   VTable *pVTab = 0;        /* Non-zero if this is a v-tab with an xRename() */
-  int savedDbFlags;         /* Saved value of db->flags */
+  u32 savedDbFlags;         /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
 
-  savedDbFlags = db->flags;  
+  savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;  
   if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_rename_table;
   assert( pSrc->nSrc==1 );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
@@ -96726,7 +98433,7 @@
   if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_table;
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
   zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_PreferBuiltin;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
 
   /* Get a NULL terminated version of the new table name. */
   zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
@@ -96891,7 +98598,7 @@
 exit_rename_table:
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-  db->flags = savedDbFlags;
+  db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -96992,11 +98699,11 @@
   zCol = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pColDef->z, pColDef->n);
   if( zCol ){
     char *zEnd = &zCol[pColDef->n-1];
-    int savedDbFlags = db->flags;
+    u32 savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
     while( zEnd>zCol && (*zEnd==';' || sqlite3Isspace(*zEnd)) ){
       *zEnd-- = '\0';
     }
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_PreferBuiltin;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
         "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
           "sql = substr(sql,1,%d) || ', ' || %Q || substr(sql,%d) "
@@ -97005,7 +98712,7 @@
       zTab
     );
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
-    db->flags = savedDbFlags;
+    db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
   }
 
   /* Make sure the schema version is at least 3.  But do not upgrade
@@ -97357,6 +99064,10 @@
            "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE %s=%Q",
            pDb->zDbSName, zTab, zWhereType, zWhere
         );
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+      }else if( db->xPreUpdateCallback ){
+        sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, "DELETE FROM %Q.%s", pDb->zDbSName, zTab);
+#endif
       }else{
         /* The sqlite_stat[134] table already exists.  Delete all rows. */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, aRoot[i], iDb);
@@ -98121,6 +99832,9 @@
   int regIdxname = iMem++;     /* Register containing index name */
   int regStat1 = iMem++;       /* Value for the stat column of sqlite_stat1 */
   int regPrev = iMem;          /* MUST BE LAST (see below) */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+  Table *pStat1 = 0; 
+#endif
 
   pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, iMem);
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
@@ -98146,6 +99860,18 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+  if( db->xPreUpdateCallback ){
+    pStat1 = (Table*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table) + 13);
+    if( pStat1==0 ) return;
+    pStat1->zName = (char*)&pStat1[1];
+    memcpy(pStat1->zName, "sqlite_stat1", 13);
+    pStat1->nCol = 3;
+    pStat1->iPKey = -1;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Noop, 0, 0, 0,(char*)pStat1,P4_DYNBLOB);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Establish a read-lock on the table at the shared-cache level. 
   ** Open a read-only cursor on the table. Also allocate a cursor number
   ** to use for scanning indexes (iIdxCur). No index cursor is opened at
@@ -98347,6 +100073,9 @@
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regTemp, "BBB", 0);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regTemp, regNewRowid);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pStat1, P4_TABLE);
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
 
     /* Add the entries to the stat3 or stat4 table. */
@@ -98410,6 +100139,9 @@
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regTemp, regNewRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pStat1, P4_TABLE);
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jZeroRows);
   }
 }
@@ -99106,7 +100838,8 @@
   char *zPath = 0;
   char *zErr = 0;
   unsigned int flags;
-  Db *aNew;
+  Db *aNew;                 /* New array of Db pointers */
+  Db *pNew;                 /* Db object for the newly attached database */
   char *zErrDyn = 0;
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
 
@@ -99129,10 +100862,6 @@
     );
     goto attach_error;
   }
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "cannot ATTACH database within transaction");
-    goto attach_error;
-  }
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     char *z = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
     assert( z && zName );
@@ -99154,8 +100883,8 @@
     if( aNew==0 ) return;
   }
   db->aDb = aNew;
-  aNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb];
-  memset(aNew, 0, sizeof(*aNew));
+  pNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb];
+  memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
 
   /* Open the database file. If the btree is successfully opened, use
   ** it to obtain the database schema. At this point the schema may
@@ -99171,7 +100900,7 @@
   }
   assert( pVfs );
   flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, zPath, db, &aNew->pBt, 0, flags);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, zPath, db, &pNew->pBt, 0, flags);
   sqlite3_free( zPath );
   db->nDb++;
   db->skipBtreeMutex = 0;
@@ -99180,28 +100909,28 @@
     zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "database is already attached");
   }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     Pager *pPager;
-    aNew->pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, aNew->pBt);
-    if( !aNew->pSchema ){
+    pNew->pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, pNew->pBt);
+    if( !pNew->pSchema ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    }else if( aNew->pSchema->file_format && aNew->pSchema->enc!=ENC(db) ){
+    }else if( pNew->pSchema->file_format && pNew->pSchema->enc!=ENC(db) ){
       zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
         "attached databases must use the same text encoding as main database");
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(aNew->pBt);
-    pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(aNew->pBt);
+    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pNew->pBt);
+    pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pNew->pBt);
     sqlite3PagerLockingMode(pPager, db->dfltLockMode);
-    sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(aNew->pBt,
+    sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(pNew->pBt,
                              sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(db->aDb[0].pBt,-1) );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-    sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(aNew->pBt,
+    sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(pNew->pBt,
                       PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL | (db->flags & PAGER_FLAGS_MASK));
 #endif
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(aNew->pBt);
+    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pNew->pBt);
   }
-  aNew->safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
-  aNew->zDbSName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && aNew->zDbSName==0 ){
+  pNew->safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
+  pNew->zDbSName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pNew->zDbSName==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
@@ -99324,11 +101053,6 @@
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "cannot detach database %s", zName);
     goto detach_error;
   }
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr), zErr,
-                     "cannot DETACH database within transaction");
-    goto detach_error;
-  }
   if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pDb->pBt) || sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pDb->pBt) ){
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "database %s is locked", zName);
     goto detach_error;
@@ -99549,9 +101273,6 @@
     if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pSelect->pLimit) ){
       return 1;
     }
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pSelect->pOffset) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
     pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -99741,11 +101462,9 @@
 #endif
                 );
   if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
-    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s.%s is prohibited",zDb,zTab,zCol);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s is prohibited", zTab, zCol);
-    }
+    char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%s", zTab, zCol);
+    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ) z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%z", zDb, z);
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %z is prohibited", z);
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
   }else if( rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE && rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);
@@ -100378,7 +102097,7 @@
     }
     freeIndex(db, pIndex);
   }
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100413,28 +102132,26 @@
 
 /*
 ** Reset the schema for the database at index iDb.  Also reset the
-** TEMP schema.
+** TEMP schema.  The reset is deferred if db->nSchemaLock is not zero.
+** Deferred resets may be run by calling with iDb<0.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
-  Db *pDb;
+  int i;
   assert( iDb<db->nDb );
 
-  /* Case 1:  Reset the single schema identified by iDb */
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
-  assert( pDb->pSchema!=0 );
-  sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
-
-  /* If any database other than TEMP is reset, then also reset TEMP
-  ** since TEMP might be holding triggers that reference tables in the
-  ** other database.
-  */
-  if( iDb!=1 ){
-    pDb = &db->aDb[1];
-    assert( pDb->pSchema!=0 );
-    sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
+  if( iDb>=0 ){
+    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
+    DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_ResetWanted);
+    DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_ResetWanted);
   }
-  return;
+
+  if( db->nSchemaLock==0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+      if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_ResetWanted) ){
+        sqlite3SchemaClear(db->aDb[i].pSchema);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100444,13 +102161,14 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3 *db){
   int i;
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
+  assert( db->nSchemaLock==0 );
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
     if( pDb->pSchema ){
       sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
     }
   }
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
   sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
   sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(db);
@@ -100460,7 +102178,7 @@
 ** This routine is called when a commit occurs.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3 *db){
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100498,13 +102216,16 @@
 */
 static void SQLITE_NOINLINE deleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   Index *pIndex, *pNext;
-  TESTONLY( int nLookaside; ) /* Used to verify lookaside not used for schema */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   /* Record the number of outstanding lookaside allocations in schema Tables
   ** prior to doing any free() operations.  Since schema Tables do not use
   ** lookaside, this number should not change. */
-  TESTONLY( nLookaside = (db && (pTable->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0) ?
-                         db->lookaside.nOut : 0 );
+  int nLookaside = 0;
+  if( db && (pTable->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0 ){
+    nLookaside = sqlite3LookasideUsed(db, 0);
+  }
+#endif
 
   /* Delete all indices associated with this table. */
   for(pIndex = pTable->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pNext){
@@ -100538,7 +102259,7 @@
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);
 
   /* Verify that no lookaside memory was used by schema tables */
-  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==db->lookaside.nOut );
+  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0) );
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   /* Do not delete the table until the reference count reaches zero. */
@@ -100564,7 +102285,7 @@
   pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
   p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash, zTabName, 0);
   sqlite3DeleteTable(db, p);
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100677,7 +102398,8 @@
       return -1;
     }
   }else{
-    assert( db->init.iDb==0 || db->init.busy || (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)!=0);
+    assert( db->init.iDb==0 || db->init.busy
+             || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0);
     iDb = db->init.iDb;
     *pUnqual = pName1;
   }
@@ -100838,7 +102560,11 @@
   pTable->iPKey = -1;
   pTable->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
   pTable->nTabRef = 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST
+  pTable->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST);
+#else
   pTable->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
+#endif
   assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
   pParse->pNewTable = pTable;
 
@@ -100905,7 +102631,8 @@
     }else
 #endif
     {
-      pParse->addrCrTab = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateTable, iDb, reg2);
+      pParse->addrCrTab =
+         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_CreateBtree, iDb, reg2, BTREE_INTKEY);
     }
     sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 0, reg1);
@@ -100954,12 +102681,10 @@
   Column *pCol;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
   if( p->nCol+1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns on %s", p->zName);
     return;
   }
-#endif
   z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, pName->n + pType->n + 2);
   if( z==0 ) return;
   memcpy(z, pName->z, pName->n);
@@ -101114,34 +102839,37 @@
 ** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
 ** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse *pParse, ExprSpan *pSpan){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(
+  Parse *pParse,           /* Parsing context */
+  Expr *pExpr,             /* The parsed expression of the default value */
+  const char *zStart,      /* Start of the default value text */
+  const char *zEnd         /* First character past end of defaut value text */
+){
   Table *p;
   Column *pCol;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   p = pParse->pNewTable;
   if( p!=0 ){
     pCol = &(p->aCol[p->nCol-1]);
-    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pSpan->pExpr, db->init.busy) ){
+    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pExpr, db->init.busy) ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "default value of column [%s] is not constant",
           pCol->zName);
     }else{
       /* A copy of pExpr is used instead of the original, as pExpr contains
-      ** tokens that point to volatile memory. The 'span' of the expression
-      ** is required by pragma table_info.
+      ** tokens that point to volatile memory.	
       */
       Expr x;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
       memset(&x, 0, sizeof(x));
       x.op = TK_SPAN;
-      x.u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pSpan->zStart,
-                                    (int)(pSpan->zEnd - pSpan->zStart));
-      x.pLeft = pSpan->pExpr;
+      x.u.zToken = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
+      x.pLeft = pExpr;
       x.flags = EP_Skip;
       pCol->pDflt = sqlite3ExprDup(db, &x, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, x.u.zToken);
     }
   }
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pSpan->pExpr);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -101565,9 +103293,8 @@
 ** Changes include:
 **
 **     (1)  Set all columns of the PRIMARY KEY schema object to be NOT NULL.
-**     (2)  Convert the OP_CreateTable into an OP_CreateIndex.  There is
-**          no rowid btree for a WITHOUT ROWID.  Instead, the canonical
-**          data storage is a covering index btree.
+**     (2)  Convert P3 parameter of the OP_CreateBtree from BTREE_INTKEY 
+**          into BTREE_BLOBKEY.
 **     (3)  Bypass the creation of the sqlite_master table entry
 **          for the PRIMARY KEY as the primary key index is now
 **          identified by the sqlite_master table entry of the table itself.
@@ -101575,7 +103302,7 @@
 **          schema to the rootpage from the main table.
 **     (5)  Add all table columns to the PRIMARY KEY Index object
 **          so that the PRIMARY KEY is a covering index.  The surplus
-**          columns are part of KeyInfo.nXField and are not used for
+**          columns are part of KeyInfo.nAllField and are not used for
 **          sorting or lookup or uniqueness checks.
 **     (6)  Replace the rowid tail on all automatically generated UNIQUE
 **          indices with the PRIMARY KEY columns.
@@ -101604,13 +103331,12 @@
   ** virtual tables */
   if( IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) return;
 
-  /* Convert the OP_CreateTable opcode that would normally create the
-  ** root-page for the table into an OP_CreateIndex opcode.  The index
-  ** created will become the PRIMARY KEY index.
+  /* Convert the P3 operand of the OP_CreateBtree opcode from BTREE_INTKEY
+  ** into BTREE_BLOBKEY.
   */
   if( pParse->addrCrTab ){
     assert( v );
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(v, pParse->addrCrTab, OP_CreateIndex);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, pParse->addrCrTab, BTREE_BLOBKEY);
   }
 
   /* Locate the PRIMARY KEY index.  Or, if this table was originally
@@ -101860,10 +103586,6 @@
       pParse->nTab = 2;
       addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
-      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
-      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);
       if( pParse->nErr ) return;
       pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSelect);
       if( pSelTab==0 ) return;
@@ -101873,6 +103595,11 @@
       pSelTab->nCol = 0;
       pSelTab->aCol = 0;
       sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
+      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
+      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
+      if( pParse->nErr ) return;
+      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);
       addrInsLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iSDParm);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, dest.iSdst, dest.nSdst, regRec);
@@ -101950,7 +103677,7 @@
       return;
     }
     pParse->pNewTable = 0;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
     if( !p->pSelect ){
@@ -102015,7 +103742,7 @@
   ** the end.
   */
   sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;
-  assert( sEnd.z[0]!=0 );
+  assert( sEnd.z[0]!=0 || sEnd.n==0 );
   if( sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
     sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
   }
@@ -102049,6 +103776,9 @@
   int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
   int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE	
+  int rc;
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;       /* Saved xAuth pointer */
 #endif
@@ -102056,8 +103786,11 @@
   assert( pTable );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  db->nSchemaLock++;
+  rc = sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable);
+  db->nSchemaLock--;
+  if( rc ){
+    return 1;
   }
   if( IsVirtual(pTable) ) return 0;
 #endif
@@ -102253,14 +103986,6 @@
 ** is also added (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
 */
 static void destroyTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  Index *pIdx;
-  int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  destroyRootPage(pParse, pTab->tnum, iDb);
-  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    destroyRootPage(pParse, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
-  }
-#else
   /* If the database may be auto-vacuum capable (if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   ** is not defined), then it is important to call OP_Destroy on the
   ** table and index root-pages in order, starting with the numerically 
@@ -102303,7 +104028,6 @@
       iDestroyed = iLargest;
     }
   }
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -102730,7 +104454,7 @@
     addr2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
   }
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, iSorter, regRecord, iIdx);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Last, iIdx, 0, -1);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iIdx);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdx, regRecord);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
@@ -103219,7 +104943,7 @@
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
     if( pTblName!=0 ){
       pIndex->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
     }
@@ -103255,7 +104979,7 @@
     ** that case the convertToWithoutRowidTable() routine will replace
     ** the Noop with a Goto to jump over the VDBE code generated below. */
     pIndex->tnum = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Noop);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateIndex, iDb, iMem);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_CreateBtree, iDb, iMem, BTREE_BLOBKEY);
 
     /* Gather the complete text of the CREATE INDEX statement into
     ** the zStmt variable
@@ -103667,12 +105391,12 @@
     pDatabase = 0;
   }
   if( pDatabase ){
-    Token *pTemp = pDatabase;
-    pDatabase = pTable;
-    pTable = pTemp;
+    pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pDatabase);
+    pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
+  }else{
+    pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
+    pItem->zDatabase = 0;
   }
-  pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
-  pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pDatabase);
   return pList;
 }
 
@@ -103750,9 +105474,10 @@
     goto append_from_error;
   }
   p = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, p, pTable, pDatabase);
-  if( p==0 || NEVER(p->nSrc==0) ){
+  if( p==0 ){
     goto append_from_error;
   }
+  assert( p->nSrc>0 );
   pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
   assert( pAlias!=0 );
   if( pAlias->n ){
@@ -103777,8 +105502,10 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
   assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
-  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
-    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
+  if( p && pIndexedBy->n>0 ){
+    struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+    assert( p->nSrc>0 );
+    pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
     assert( pItem->fg.notIndexed==0 );
     assert( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy==0 );
     assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
@@ -103788,7 +105515,7 @@
       pItem->fg.notIndexed = 1;
     }else{
       pItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
-      pItem->fg.isIndexedBy = (pItem->u1.zIndexedBy!=0);
+      pItem->fg.isIndexedBy = 1;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -103861,36 +105588,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate VDBE code for a COMMIT statement.
+** Generate VDBE code for a COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement.
+** Code for ROLLBACK is generated if eType==TK_ROLLBACK.  Otherwise
+** code is generated for a COMMIT.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse *pParse){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse *pParse, int eType){
   Vdbe *v;
+  int isRollback;
 
   assert( pParse!=0 );
   assert( pParse->db!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "COMMIT", 0, 0) ){
+  assert( eType==TK_COMMIT || eType==TK_END || eType==TK_ROLLBACK );
+  isRollback = eType==TK_ROLLBACK;
+  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, 
+       isRollback ? "ROLLBACK" : "COMMIT", 0, 0) ){
     return;
   }
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate VDBE code for a ROLLBACK statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  assert( pParse!=0 );
-  assert( pParse->db!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "ROLLBACK", 0, 0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, 1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, isRollback);
   }
 }
 
@@ -104080,7 +105796,9 @@
       assert( pIdx->aiColumn[j]>=0 );
       zCol = pTab->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[j]].zName;
       if( j ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg, ", ", 2);
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&errMsg, "%s.%s", pTab->zName, zCol);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&errMsg, pTab->zName);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg, ".", 1);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&errMsg, zCol);
     }
   }
   zErr = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&errMsg);
@@ -104268,6 +105986,18 @@
       pKey->aSortOrder[i] = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
     }
     if( pParse->nErr ){
+      assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ );
+      if( pIdx->bNoQuery==0 ){
+        /* Deactivate the index because it contains an unknown collating
+        ** sequence.  The only way to reactive the index is to reload the
+        ** schema.  Adding the missing collating sequence later does not
+        ** reactive the index.  The application had the chance to register
+        ** the missing index using the collation-needed callback.  For
+        ** simplicity, SQLite will not give the application a second chance.
+        */
+        pIdx->bNoQuery = 1;
+        pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY;
+      }
       sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(pKey);
       pKey = 0;
     }
@@ -104453,6 +106183,7 @@
   assert( !p || p->xCmp );
   if( p==0 ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s", zName);
+    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ;
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -104469,7 +106200,7 @@
 ** from the main database is substituted, if one is available.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *pParse, CollSeq *pColl){
-  if( pColl ){
+  if( pColl && pColl->xCmp==0 ){
     const char *zName = pColl->zName;
     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
     CollSeq *p = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), pColl, zName);
@@ -104505,8 +106236,8 @@
   pColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName);
 
   if( 0==pColl && create ){
-    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName + 1);
+    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName) + 1;
+    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName);
     if( pColl ){
       CollSeq *pDel = 0;
       pColl[0].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
@@ -104516,7 +106247,6 @@
       pColl[2].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
       pColl[2].enc = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
       memcpy(pColl[0].zName, zName, nName);
-      pColl[0].zName[nName] = 0;
       pDel = sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aCollSeq, pColl[0].zName, pColl);
 
       /* If a malloc() failure occurred in sqlite3HashInsert(), it will 
@@ -104656,7 +106386,8 @@
     FuncDef *pOther;
     const char *zName = aDef[i].zName;
     int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    int h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
+    int h = (zName[0] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
+    assert( zName[0]>='a' && zName[0]<='z' );
     pOther = functionSearch(h, zName);
     if( pOther ){
       assert( pOther!=&aDef[i] && pOther->pNext!=&aDef[i] );
@@ -104722,7 +106453,7 @@
 
   /* If no match is found, search the built-in functions.
   **
-  ** If the SQLITE_PreferBuiltin flag is set, then search the built-in
+  ** If the DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin flag is set, then search the built-in
   ** functions even if a prior app-defined function was found.  And give
   ** priority to built-in functions.
   **
@@ -104732,7 +106463,7 @@
   ** new function.  But the FuncDefs for built-in functions are read-only.
   ** So we must not search for built-ins when creating a new function.
   */ 
-  if( !createFlag && (pBest==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_PreferBuiltin)!=0) ){
+  if( !createFlag && (pBest==0 || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin)!=0) ){
     bestScore = 0;
     h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
     p = functionSearch(h, zName);
@@ -104805,8 +106536,8 @@
   pSchema->pSeqTab = 0;
   if( pSchema->schemaFlags & DB_SchemaLoaded ){
     pSchema->iGeneration++;
-    pSchema->schemaFlags &= ~DB_SchemaLoaded;
   }
+  pSchema->schemaFlags &= ~(DB_SchemaLoaded|DB_ResetWanted);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -104926,6 +106657,8 @@
   Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
   Table *pView,        /* View definition */
   Expr *pWhere,        /* Optional WHERE clause to be added */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,  /* Optional ORDER BY clause */
+  Expr *pLimit,        /* Optional LIMIT clause */
   int iCur             /* Cursor number for ephemeral table */
 ){
   SelectDest dest;
@@ -104942,8 +106675,8 @@
     assert( pFrom->a[0].pOn==0 );
     assert( pFrom->a[0].pUsing==0 );
   }
-  pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 
-                          SF_IncludeHidden, 0, 0);
+  pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, pOrderBy, 
+                          SF_IncludeHidden, pLimit);
   sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
   sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest);
   sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
@@ -104965,29 +106698,29 @@
   Expr *pWhere,                /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
   ExprList *pOrderBy,          /* The ORDER BY clause.  May be null */
   Expr *pLimit,                /* The LIMIT clause.  May be null */
-  Expr *pOffset,               /* The OFFSET clause.  May be null */
   char *zStmtType              /* Either DELETE or UPDATE.  For err msgs. */
 ){
-  Expr *pWhereRowid = NULL;    /* WHERE rowid .. */
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Expr *pLhs = NULL;           /* LHS of IN(SELECT...) operator */
   Expr *pInClause = NULL;      /* WHERE rowid IN ( select ) */
-  Expr *pSelectRowid = NULL;   /* SELECT rowid ... */
   ExprList *pEList = NULL;     /* Expression list contaning only pSelectRowid */
   SrcList *pSelectSrc = NULL;  /* SELECT rowid FROM x ... (dup of pSrc) */
   Select *pSelect = NULL;      /* Complete SELECT tree */
+  Table *pTab;
 
   /* Check that there isn't an ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause.
   */
-  if( pOrderBy && (pLimit == 0) ) {
+  if( pOrderBy && pLimit==0 ) {
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "ORDER BY without LIMIT on %s", zStmtType);
-    goto limit_where_cleanup;
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
+    return 0;
   }
 
   /* We only need to generate a select expression if there
   ** is a limit/offset term to enforce.
   */
   if( pLimit == 0 ) {
-    /* if pLimit is null, pOffset will always be null as well. */
-    assert( pOffset == 0 );
     return pWhere;
   }
 
@@ -105000,36 +106733,47 @@
   **   );
   */
 
-  pSelectRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
-  if( pSelectRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup;
-  pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pSelectRowid);
-  if( pEList == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup;
+  pTab = pSrc->a[0].pTab;
+  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+    pLhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
+    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(
+        pParse, 0, sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0)
+    );
+  }else{
+    Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+    if( pPk->nKeyCol==1 ){
+      const char *zName = pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[0]].zName;
+      pLhs = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zName);
+      pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zName));
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
+        Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[i]].zName);
+        pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pEList, p);
+      }
+      pLhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+      if( pLhs ){
+        pLhs->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
   /* duplicate the FROM clause as it is needed by both the DELETE/UPDATE tree
   ** and the SELECT subtree. */
+  pSrc->a[0].pTab = 0;
   pSelectSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(pParse->db, pSrc, 0);
-  if( pSelectSrc == 0 ) {
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pEList);
-    goto limit_where_cleanup;
-  }
+  pSrc->a[0].pTab = pTab;
+  pSrc->a[0].pIBIndex = 0;
 
   /* generate the SELECT expression tree. */
-  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,pEList,pSelectSrc,pWhere,0,0,
-                             pOrderBy,0,pLimit,pOffset);
-  if( pSelect == 0 ) return 0;
+  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSelectSrc, pWhere, 0 ,0, 
+      pOrderBy,0,pLimit
+  );
 
   /* now generate the new WHERE rowid IN clause for the DELETE/UDPATE */
-  pWhereRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
-  pInClause = pWhereRowid ? sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pWhereRowid, 0) : 0;
+  pInClause = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pLhs, 0);
   sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, pInClause, pSelect);
   return pInClause;
-
-limit_where_cleanup:
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLimit);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pOffset);
-  return 0;
 }
 #endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) */
        /*      && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */
@@ -105044,7 +106788,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
   Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
   SrcList *pTabList,     /* The table from which we should delete things */
-  Expr *pWhere           /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
+  Expr *pWhere,          /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,    /* ORDER BY clause. May be null */
+  Expr *pLimit           /* LIMIT clause. May be null */
 ){
   Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
   Table *pTab;           /* The table from which records will be deleted */
@@ -105089,6 +106835,7 @@
   }
   assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
 
+
   /* Locate the table which we want to delete.  This table has to be
   ** put in an SrcList structure because some of the subroutines we
   ** will be calling are designed to work with multiple tables and expect
@@ -105103,16 +106850,26 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
   pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
   isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
-  bComplex = pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0);
 #else
 # define pTrigger 0
 # define isView 0
 #endif
+  bComplex = pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0);
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
 # undef isView
 # define isView 0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  if( !isView ){
+    pWhere = sqlite3LimitWhere(
+        pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, "DELETE"
+    );
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* If pTab is really a view, make sure it has been initialized.
   */
   if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
@@ -105160,8 +106917,12 @@
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
   if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iTabCur);
+    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 
+        pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, iTabCur
+    );
     iDataCur = iIdxCur = iTabCur;
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -105189,7 +106950,7 @@
   ** API function sqlite3_count_changes) to be set incorrectly.
   **
   ** The "rcauth==SQLITE_OK" terms is the
-  ** IMPLEMENATION-OF: R-17228-37124 If the action code is SQLITE_DELETE and
+  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-17228-37124 If the action code is SQLITE_DELETE and
   ** the callback returns SQLITE_IGNORE then the DELETE operation proceeds but
   ** the truncate optimization is disabled and all rows are deleted
   ** individually.
@@ -105295,7 +107056,7 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEphCur, iKey, iPk, nPk);
       }else{
         /* Add the rowid of the row to be deleted to the RowSet */
-        nKey = 1;  /* OP_Seek always uses a single rowid */
+        nKey = 1;  /* OP_DeferredSeek always uses a single rowid */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, iKey);
       }
     }
@@ -105338,7 +107099,11 @@
       }
     }else if( pPk ){
       addrLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iEphCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iEphCur, iKey);
+      if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEphCur, 0, iKey);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iEphCur, iKey);
+      }
       assert( nKey==0 );  /* OP_Found will use a composite key */
     }else{
       addrLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, iRowSet, 0, iKey);
@@ -105401,6 +107166,10 @@
   sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) 
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLimit);
+#endif
   sqlite3DbFree(db, aToOpen);
   return;
 }
@@ -105558,7 +107327,7 @@
     u8 p5 = 0;
     sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur,0,iIdxNoSeek);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iDataCur, (count?OPFLAG_NCHANGE:0));
-    if( pParse->nested==0 ){
+    if( pParse->nested==0 || 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_stat1") ){
       sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE);
     }
     if( eMode!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
@@ -105688,10 +107457,11 @@
   if( piPartIdxLabel ){
     if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
       *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur;
+      pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
       sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel, 
                             SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
     }else{
       *piPartIdxLabel = 0;
     }
@@ -105819,16 +107589,20 @@
   int NotUsed,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  const char *z = 0;
+  static const char *azType[] = { "integer", "real", "text", "blob", "null" };
+  int i = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) - 1;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER: z = "integer"; break;
-    case SQLITE_TEXT:    z = "text";    break;
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT:   z = "real";    break;
-    case SQLITE_BLOB:    z = "blob";    break;
-    default:             z = "null";    break;
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  assert( i>=0 && i<ArraySize(azType) );
+  assert( SQLITE_INTEGER==1 );
+  assert( SQLITE_FLOAT==2 );
+  assert( SQLITE_TEXT==3 );
+  assert( SQLITE_BLOB==4 );
+  assert( SQLITE_NULL==5 );
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-01470-60482 The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns
+  ** the datatype code for the initial datatype of the sqlite3_value object
+  ** V. The returned value is one of SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_FLOAT,
+  ** SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_BLOB, or SQLITE_NULL. */
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, azType[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
 }
 
 
@@ -106437,16 +108211,20 @@
       ** c or cx.
       */
       if( c<=0x80 ){
-        u32 cx;
+        char zStop[3];
         int bMatch;
         if( noCase ){
-          cx = sqlite3Toupper(c);
-          c = sqlite3Tolower(c);
+          zStop[0] = sqlite3Toupper(c);
+          zStop[1] = sqlite3Tolower(c);
+          zStop[2] = 0;
         }else{
-          cx = c;
+          zStop[0] = c;
+          zStop[1] = 0;
         }
-        while( (c2 = *(zString++))!=0 ){
-          if( c2!=c && c2!=cx ) continue;
+        while(1){
+          zString += strcspn((const char*)zString, zStop);
+          if( zString[0]==0 ) break;
+          zString++;
           bMatch = patternCompare(zPattern,zString,pInfo,matchOther);
           if( bMatch!=SQLITE_NOMATCH ) return bMatch;
         }
@@ -106604,7 +108382,8 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_like_count++;
 #endif
-    sqlite3_result_int(context, patternCompare(zB, zA, pInfo, escape)==SQLITE_MATCH);
+    sqlite3_result_int(context,
+                      patternCompare(zB, zA, pInfo, escape)==SQLITE_MATCH);
   }
 }
 
@@ -107445,9 +109224,14 @@
 /*
 ** pExpr points to an expression which implements a function.  If
 ** it is appropriate to apply the LIKE optimization to that function
-** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and
-** return TRUE.  If the function is not a LIKE-style function then
-** return FALSE.
+** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and the
+** escape character and then return TRUE.  If the function is not a 
+** LIKE-style function then return FALSE.
+**
+** The expression "a LIKE b ESCAPE c" is only considered a valid LIKE
+** operator if c is a string literal that is exactly one byte in length.
+** That one byte is stored in aWc[3].  aWc[3] is set to zero if there is
+** no ESCAPE clause.
 **
 ** *pIsNocase is set to true if uppercase and lowercase are equivalent for
 ** the function (default for LIKE).  If the function makes the distinction
@@ -107456,17 +109240,26 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocase, char *aWc){
   FuncDef *pDef;
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION 
-   || !pExpr->x.pList 
-   || pExpr->x.pList->nExpr!=2
-  ){
+  int nExpr;
+  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION || !pExpr->x.pList ){
     return 0;
   }
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+  nExpr = pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
+  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, nExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
   if( NEVER(pDef==0) || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
+  if( nExpr<3 ){
+    aWc[3] = 0;
+  }else{
+    Expr *pEscape = pExpr->x.pList->a[2].pExpr;
+    char *zEscape;
+    if( pEscape->op!=TK_STRING ) return 0;
+    zEscape = pEscape->u.zToken;
+    if( zEscape[0]==0 || zEscape[1]!=0 ) return 0;
+    aWc[3] = zEscape[0];
+  }
 
   /* The memcpy() statement assumes that the wildcard characters are
   ** the first three statements in the compareInfo structure.  The
@@ -107519,6 +109312,10 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     FUNCTION2(affinity,          1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY),
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+    FUNCTION2(sqlite_offset,     1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET|
+                                                     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
+#endif
     FUNCTION(ltrim,              1, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
     FUNCTION(ltrim,              2, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
     FUNCTION(rtrim,              1, 2, 0, trimFunc         ),
@@ -108249,10 +110046,12 @@
   /* Create VDBE to loop through the entries in pSrc that match the WHERE
   ** clause. For each row found, increment either the deferred or immediate
   ** foreign key constraint counter. */
-  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
-  if( pWInfo ){
-    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
+    if( pWInfo ){
+      sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+    }
   }
 
   /* Clean up the WHERE clause constructed above. */
@@ -108339,7 +110138,7 @@
     }
 
     pParse->disableTriggers = 1;
-    sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pName, 0), 0);
+    sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pName, 0), 0, 0, 0);
     pParse->disableTriggers = 0;
 
     /* If the DELETE has generated immediate foreign key constraint 
@@ -108897,7 +110696,7 @@
           sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pRaise),
           sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, &tFrom, 0),
           pWhere,
-          0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+          0, 0, 0, 0, 0
       );
       pWhere = 0;
     }
@@ -109264,7 +111063,7 @@
 ){
   int memId = 0;      /* Register holding maximum rowid */
   if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)!=0
-   && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)==0
+   && (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0
   ){
     Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
     AutoincInfo *pInfo;
@@ -109522,7 +111321,6 @@
 ){
   sqlite3 *db;          /* The main database structure */
   Table *pTab;          /* The table to insert into.  aka TABLE */
-  char *zTab;           /* Name of the table into which we are inserting */
   int i, j;             /* Loop counters */
   Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
   Index *pIdx;          /* For looping over indices of the table */
@@ -109559,10 +111357,10 @@
 #endif
 
   db = pParse->db;
-  memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));
   if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
     goto insert_cleanup;
   }
+  dest.iSDParm = 0;  /* Suppress a harmless compiler warning */
 
   /* If the Select object is really just a simple VALUES() list with a
   ** single row (the common case) then keep that one row of values
@@ -109578,8 +111376,6 @@
   /* Locate the table into which we will be inserting new information.
   */
   assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
-  zTab = pTabList->a[0].zName;
-  if( NEVER(zTab==0) ) goto insert_cleanup;
   pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
   if( pTab==0 ){
     goto insert_cleanup;
@@ -109950,7 +111746,8 @@
         VdbeOp *pOp;
         sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[ipkColumn].pExpr, regRowid);
         pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
-        if( ALWAYS(pOp) && pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+        assert( pOp!=0 );
+        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
           appendFlag = 1;
           pOp->opcode = OP_NewRowid;
           pOp->p1 = iDataCur;
@@ -110371,7 +112168,7 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
   if( pTab->pCheck && (db->flags & SQLITE_IgnoreChecks)==0 ){
     ExprList *pCheck = pTab->pCheck;
-    pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
+    pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
     onError = overrideError!=OE_Default ? overrideError : OE_Abort;
     for(i=0; i<pCheck->nExpr; i++){
       int allOk;
@@ -110391,6 +112188,7 @@
       }
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
     }
+    pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
   }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
 
@@ -110535,10 +112333,10 @@
     /* Skip partial indices for which the WHERE clause is not true */
     if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, aRegIdx[ix]);
-      pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
+      pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, addrUniqueOk,
                             SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      pParse->ckBase = 0;
+      pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
     }
 
     /* Create a record for this index entry as it should appear after
@@ -110549,9 +112347,9 @@
       int iField = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
       int x;
       if( iField==XN_EXPR ){
-        pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
+        pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
         sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr, regIdx+i);
-        pParse->ckBase = 0;
+        pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
         VdbeComment((v, "%s column %d", pIdx->zName, i));
       }else{
         if( iField==XN_ROWID || iField==pTab->iPKey ){
@@ -110610,6 +112408,7 @@
     }
 
     /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
+    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, iThisCur, addrUniqueOk,
                          regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
 
@@ -110698,6 +112497,7 @@
       }
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
+    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
     if( regR!=regIdx ) sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regR, nPkField);
   }
   if( ipkTop ){
@@ -110936,7 +112736,7 @@
     }
     if( pSrc->aiColumn[i]==XN_EXPR ){
       assert( pSrc->aColExpr!=0 && pDest->aColExpr!=0 );
-      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pSrc->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr,
+      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pSrc->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr,
                              pDest->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr, -1)!=0 ){
         return 0;   /* Different expressions in the index */
       }
@@ -110948,7 +112748,7 @@
       return 0;   /* Different collating sequences */
     }
   }
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pSrc->pPartIdxWhere, pDest->pPartIdxWhere, -1) ){
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pSrc->pPartIdxWhere, pDest->pPartIdxWhere, -1) ){
     return 0;     /* Different WHERE clauses */
   }
 
@@ -111046,7 +112846,6 @@
   if( pSelect->pLimit ){
     return 0;   /* SELECT may not have a LIMIT clause */
   }
-  assert( pSelect->pOffset==0 );  /* Must be so if pLimit==0 */
   if( pSelect->pPrior ){
     return 0;   /* SELECT may not be a compound query */
   }
@@ -111096,7 +112895,7 @@
     Column *pDestCol = &pDest->aCol[i];
     Column *pSrcCol = &pSrc->aCol[i];
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
-    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)==0 
+    if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 
      && (pDestCol->colFlags | pSrcCol->colFlags) & COLFLAG_HIDDEN 
     ){
       return 0;    /* Neither table may have __hidden__ columns */
@@ -111172,15 +112971,15 @@
   regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
   sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iDest, iDbDest, pDest, OP_OpenWrite);
   assert( HasRowid(pDest) || destHasUniqueIdx );
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)==0 && (
+  if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 && (
       (pDest->iPKey<0 && pDest->pIndex!=0)          /* (1) */
    || destHasUniqueIdx                              /* (2) */
    || (onError!=OE_Abort && onError!=OE_Rollback)   /* (3) */
   )){
     /* In some circumstances, we are able to run the xfer optimization
     ** only if the destination table is initially empty. Unless the
-    ** SQLITE_Vacuum flag is set, this block generates code to make
-    ** that determination. If SQLITE_Vacuum is set, then the destination
+    ** DBFLAG_Vacuum flag is set, this block generates code to make
+    ** that determination. If DBFLAG_Vacuum is set, then the destination
     ** table is always empty.
     **
     ** Conditions under which the destination must be empty:
@@ -111216,8 +113015,8 @@
       assert( (pDest->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)==0 );
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Last, iDest, 0, -1);
+    if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
       insFlags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE|OPFLAG_LASTROWID|
                            OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
     }else{
@@ -111248,13 +113047,13 @@
     VdbeComment((v, "%s", pDestIdx->zName));
     addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iSrc, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum ){
+    if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
       /* This INSERT command is part of a VACUUM operation, which guarantees
       ** that the destination table is empty. If all indexed columns use
       ** collation sequence BINARY, then it can also be assumed that the
       ** index will be populated by inserting keys in strictly sorted 
       ** order. In this case, instead of seeking within the b-tree as part
-      ** of every OP_IdxInsert opcode, an OP_Last is added before the
+      ** of every OP_IdxInsert opcode, an OP_SeekEnd is added before the
       ** OP_IdxInsert to seek to the point within the b-tree where each key 
       ** should be inserted. This is faster.
       **
@@ -111269,7 +113068,7 @@
       }
       if( i==pSrcIdx->nColumn ){
         idxInsFlags = OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Last, iDest, 0, -1);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
       }
     }
     if( !HasRowid(pSrc) && pDestIdx->idxType==2 ){
@@ -111428,11 +113227,8 @@
 
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
-    int nErrMsg = 1 + sqlite3Strlen30(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3Malloc(nErrMsg);
-    if( *pzErrMsg ){
-      memcpy(*pzErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
-    }else{
+    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    if( *pzErrMsg==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
       sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM);
     }
@@ -111603,7 +113399,7 @@
   int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,
                          const char*,const char*),void*);
   void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
-  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
+  char * (*xsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
   int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                                 char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
@@ -111715,7 +113511,7 @@
   int (*uri_boolean)(const char*,const char*,int);
   sqlite3_int64 (*uri_int64)(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64);
   const char *(*uri_parameter)(const char*,const char*);
-  char *(*vsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
+  char *(*xvsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
   int (*wal_checkpoint_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int*,int*);
   /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
   int (*auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
@@ -111753,6 +113549,17 @@
   char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
   void (*set_last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
+  /* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+  int (*prepare_v3)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,unsigned int,
+                    sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
+  int (*prepare16_v3)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,unsigned int,
+                      sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
+  int (*bind_pointer)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void (*result_pointer)(sqlite3_context*,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void *(*value_pointer)(sqlite3_value*,const char*);
+  int (*vtab_nochange)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*value_nochange)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const char *(*vtab_collation)(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -111879,7 +113686,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
 #define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
 #define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
+#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->xsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
 #define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
 #define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
@@ -111903,7 +113710,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
 #define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
 #define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
-#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
 #define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
 #define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
@@ -111979,7 +113786,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_uri_boolean            sqlite3_api->uri_boolean
 #define sqlite3_uri_int64              sqlite3_api->uri_int64
 #define sqlite3_uri_parameter          sqlite3_api->uri_parameter
-#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2      sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint_v2
 /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
 #define sqlite3_auto_extension         sqlite3_api->auto_extension
@@ -112013,6 +113820,16 @@
 #define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql
 /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid  sqlite3_api->set_last_insert_rowid
+/* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_prepare_v3             sqlite3_api->prepare_v3
+#define sqlite3_prepare16_v3           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v3
+#define sqlite3_bind_pointer           sqlite3_api->bind_pointer
+#define sqlite3_result_pointer         sqlite3_api->result_pointer
+#define sqlite3_value_pointer          sqlite3_api->value_pointer
+/* Version 3.22.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_vtab_nochange          sqlite3_api->vtab_nochange
+#define sqlite3_value_nochange         sqltie3_api->value_nochange
+#define sqlite3_vtab_collation         sqltie3_api->vtab_collation
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
@@ -112068,6 +113885,7 @@
 # define sqlite3_open16                 0
 # define sqlite3_prepare16              0
 # define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           0
+# define sqlite3_prepare16_v3           0
 # define sqlite3_result_error16         0
 # define sqlite3_result_text16          0
 # define sqlite3_result_text16be        0
@@ -112440,7 +114258,17 @@
   sqlite3_trace_v2,
   sqlite3_expanded_sql,
   /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
-  sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid
+  sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid,
+  /* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_prepare_v3,
+  sqlite3_prepare16_v3,
+  sqlite3_bind_pointer,
+  sqlite3_result_pointer,
+  sqlite3_value_pointer,
+  /* Version 3.22.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_vtab_nochange,
+  sqlite3_value_nochange,
+  sqlite3_vtab_collation
 };
 
 /*
@@ -112506,8 +114334,10 @@
 #if SQLITE_OS_UNIX || SQLITE_OS_WIN
   for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(azEndings) && handle==0; ii++){
     char *zAltFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%s", zFile, azEndings[ii]);
+    int bExists = 0;
     if( zAltFile==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    handle = sqlite3OsDlOpen(pVfs, zAltFile);
+    sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zAltFile, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &bExists);
+    if( bExists )  handle = sqlite3OsDlOpen(pVfs, zAltFile);
     sqlite3_free(zAltFile);
   }
 #endif
@@ -112862,35 +114692,38 @@
 #define PragTyp_ENCODING                      12
 #define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK             13
 #define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST              14
-#define PragTyp_INCREMENTAL_VACUUM            15
-#define PragTyp_INDEX_INFO                    16
-#define PragTyp_INDEX_LIST                    17
-#define PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK               18
-#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_MODE                  19
-#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT            20
-#define PragTyp_LOCK_PROXY_FILE               21
-#define PragTyp_LOCKING_MODE                  22
-#define PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT                    23
-#define PragTyp_MMAP_SIZE                     24
-#define PragTyp_OPTIMIZE                      25
-#define PragTyp_PAGE_SIZE                     26
-#define PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE                 27
-#define PragTyp_SHRINK_MEMORY                 28
-#define PragTyp_SOFT_HEAP_LIMIT               29
-#define PragTyp_SYNCHRONOUS                   30
-#define PragTyp_TABLE_INFO                    31
-#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE                    32
-#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE_DIRECTORY          33
-#define PragTyp_THREADS                       34
-#define PragTyp_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT            35
-#define PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT                36
-#define PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS           37
-#define PragTyp_HEXKEY                        38
-#define PragTyp_KEY                           39
-#define PragTyp_REKEY                         40
-#define PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS                   41
-#define PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE                  42
-#define PragTyp_STATS                         43
+#define PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST                 15
+#define PragTyp_INCREMENTAL_VACUUM            16
+#define PragTyp_INDEX_INFO                    17
+#define PragTyp_INDEX_LIST                    18
+#define PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK               19
+#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_MODE                  20
+#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT            21
+#define PragTyp_LOCK_PROXY_FILE               22
+#define PragTyp_LOCKING_MODE                  23
+#define PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT                    24
+#define PragTyp_MMAP_SIZE                     25
+#define PragTyp_MODULE_LIST                   26
+#define PragTyp_OPTIMIZE                      27
+#define PragTyp_PAGE_SIZE                     28
+#define PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST                   29
+#define PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE                 30
+#define PragTyp_SHRINK_MEMORY                 31
+#define PragTyp_SOFT_HEAP_LIMIT               32
+#define PragTyp_SYNCHRONOUS                   33
+#define PragTyp_TABLE_INFO                    34
+#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE                    35
+#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE_DIRECTORY          36
+#define PragTyp_THREADS                       37
+#define PragTyp_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT            38
+#define PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT                39
+#define PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS           40
+#define PragTyp_HEXKEY                        41
+#define PragTyp_KEY                           42
+#define PragTyp_REKEY                         43
+#define PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS                   44
+#define PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE                  45
+#define PragTyp_STATS                         46
 
 /* Property flags associated with various pragma. */
 #define PragFlg_NeedSchema 0x01 /* Force schema load before running */
@@ -112936,26 +114769,29 @@
   /*  26 */ "seq",         /* Used by: database_list */
   /*  27 */ "name",       
   /*  28 */ "file",       
-  /*  29 */ "seq",         /* Used by: collation_list */
-  /*  30 */ "name",       
-  /*  31 */ "id",          /* Used by: foreign_key_list */
-  /*  32 */ "seq",        
-  /*  33 */ "table",      
-  /*  34 */ "from",       
-  /*  35 */ "to",         
-  /*  36 */ "on_update",  
-  /*  37 */ "on_delete",  
-  /*  38 */ "match",      
-  /*  39 */ "table",       /* Used by: foreign_key_check */
-  /*  40 */ "rowid",      
-  /*  41 */ "parent",     
-  /*  42 */ "fkid",       
-  /*  43 */ "busy",        /* Used by: wal_checkpoint */
-  /*  44 */ "log",        
-  /*  45 */ "checkpointed",
-  /*  46 */ "timeout",     /* Used by: busy_timeout */
-  /*  47 */ "database",    /* Used by: lock_status */
-  /*  48 */ "status",     
+  /*  29 */ "name",        /* Used by: function_list */
+  /*  30 */ "builtin",    
+  /*  31 */ "name",        /* Used by: module_list pragma_list */
+  /*  32 */ "seq",         /* Used by: collation_list */
+  /*  33 */ "name",       
+  /*  34 */ "id",          /* Used by: foreign_key_list */
+  /*  35 */ "seq",        
+  /*  36 */ "table",      
+  /*  37 */ "from",       
+  /*  38 */ "to",         
+  /*  39 */ "on_update",  
+  /*  40 */ "on_delete",  
+  /*  41 */ "match",      
+  /*  42 */ "table",       /* Used by: foreign_key_check */
+  /*  43 */ "rowid",      
+  /*  44 */ "parent",     
+  /*  45 */ "fkid",       
+  /*  46 */ "busy",        /* Used by: wal_checkpoint */
+  /*  47 */ "log",        
+  /*  48 */ "checkpointed",
+  /*  49 */ "timeout",     /* Used by: busy_timeout */
+  /*  50 */ "database",    /* Used by: lock_status */
+  /*  51 */ "status",     
 };
 
 /* Definitions of all built-in pragmas */
@@ -113001,7 +114837,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "busy_timeout",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_BUSY_TIMEOUT,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 46, 1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 49, 1,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "cache_size",
@@ -113038,7 +114874,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "collation_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_COLLATION_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 29, 2,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 32, 2,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS)
@@ -113109,15 +114945,15 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  {/* zName:     */ "foreign_key_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 39, 4,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 42, 4,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY)
  {/* zName:     */ "foreign_key_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 8,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 34, 8,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -113148,6 +114984,15 @@
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_FullFSync },
 #endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS)
+#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "function_list",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 29, 2,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
+#endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
  {/* zName:     */ "hexkey",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HEXKEY,
@@ -113196,7 +115041,7 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK)
  {/* zName:     */ "integrity_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_Result1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
@@ -113237,7 +115082,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "lock_status",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 47, 2,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 50, 2,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
@@ -113257,6 +115102,17 @@
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "module_list",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_MODULE_LIST,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 1,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
  {/* zName:     */ "optimize",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_OPTIMIZE,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_NeedSchema,
@@ -113281,6 +115137,13 @@
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "pragma_list",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 1,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "query_only",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
@@ -113291,7 +115154,7 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK)
  {/* zName:     */ "quick_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_Result1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
@@ -113300,7 +115163,7 @@
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_ReadUncommitted },
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_ReadUncommit },
  {/* zName:     */ "recursive_triggers",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
@@ -113444,7 +115307,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "wal_checkpoint",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 43, 3,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 46, 3,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -113452,10 +115315,10 @@
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_RecoveryMode },
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema },
 #endif
 };
-/* Number of pragmas: 60 on by default, 74 total. */
+/* Number of pragmas: 60 on by default, 77 total. */
 
 /************** End of pragma.h **********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in pragma.c *********************/
@@ -113728,16 +115591,16 @@
 /*
 ** Helper subroutine for PRAGMA integrity_check:
 **
-** Generate code to output a single-column result row with the result
-** held in register regResult.  Decrement the result count and halt if
-** the maximum number of result rows have been issued.
+** Generate code to output a single-column result row with a value of the
+** string held in register 3.  Decrement the result count in register 1
+** and halt if the maximum number of result rows have been issued.
 */
-static int integrityCheckResultRow(Vdbe *v, int regResult){
+static int integrityCheckResultRow(Vdbe *v){
   int addr;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, 1);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 3, 1);
   addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, 1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, 1);
   VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
   return addr;
 }
 
@@ -113945,18 +115808,22 @@
 
   /*
   **  PRAGMA [schema.]secure_delete
-  **  PRAGMA [schema.]secure_delete=ON/OFF
+  **  PRAGMA [schema.]secure_delete=ON/OFF/FAST
   **
   ** The first form reports the current setting for the
   ** secure_delete flag.  The second form changes the secure_delete
-  ** flag setting and reports thenew value.
+  ** flag setting and reports the new value.
   */
   case PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE: {
     Btree *pBt = pDb->pBt;
     int b = -1;
     assert( pBt!=0 );
     if( zRight ){
-      b = sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0);
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(zRight, "fast")==0 ){
+        b = 2;
+      }else{
+        b = sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0);
+      }
     }
     if( pId2->n==0 && b>=0 ){
       int ii;
@@ -114506,6 +116373,7 @@
   ** type:       Column declaration type.
   ** notnull:    True if 'NOT NULL' is part of column declaration
   ** dflt_value: The default value for the column, if any.
+  ** pk:         Non-zero for PK fields.
   */
   case PragTyp_TABLE_INFO: if( zRight ){
     Table *pTab;
@@ -114538,7 +116406,6 @@
                pCol->notNull ? 1 : 0,
                pCol->pDflt ? pCol->pDflt->u.zToken : 0,
                k);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 6);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -114558,9 +116425,8 @@
            pTab->szTabRow,
            pTab->nRowLogEst,
            pTab->tabFlags);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 5);
       for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 2, "siii",
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 2, "siiiX",
            pIdx->zName,
            pIdx->szIdxRow,
            pIdx->aiRowLogEst[0],
@@ -114593,10 +116459,10 @@
       assert( pParse->nMem<=pPragma->nPragCName );
       for(i=0; i<mx; i++){
         i16 cnum = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "iis", i, cnum,
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "iisX", i, cnum,
                              cnum<0 ? 0 : pTab->aCol[cnum].zName);
         if( pPragma->iArg ){
-          sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 4, "isi",
+          sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 4, "isiX",
             pIdx->aSortOrder[i],
             pIdx->azColl[i],
             i<pIdx->nKeyCol);
@@ -114623,7 +116489,6 @@
            IsUniqueIndex(pIdx),
            azOrigin[pIdx->idxType],
            pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 5);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -114639,7 +116504,6 @@
          i,
          db->aDb[i].zDbSName,
          sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[i].pBt));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 3);
     }
   }
   break;
@@ -114651,10 +116515,49 @@
     for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aCollSeq); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
       CollSeq *pColl = (CollSeq *)sqliteHashData(p);
       sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "is", i++, pColl->zName);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 2);
     }
   }
   break;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
+  case PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST: {
+    int i;
+    HashElem *j;
+    FuncDef *p;
+    pParse->nMem = 2;
+    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){
+      for(p=sqlite3BuiltinFunctions.a[i]; p; p=p->u.pHash ){
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "si", p->zName, 1);
+      }
+    }
+    for(j=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aFunc); j; j=sqliteHashNext(j)){
+      p = (FuncDef*)sqliteHashData(j);
+      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "si", p->zName, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  case PragTyp_MODULE_LIST: {
+    HashElem *j;
+    pParse->nMem = 1;
+    for(j=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); j; j=sqliteHashNext(j)){
+      Module *pMod = (Module*)sqliteHashData(j);
+      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "s", pMod->zName);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+  case PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST: {
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aPragmaName); i++){
+      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "s", aPragmaName[i].zName);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+#endif /* SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS */
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
@@ -114680,7 +116583,6 @@
                    actionName(pFK->aAction[1]),  /* ON UPDATE */
                    actionName(pFK->aAction[0]),  /* ON DELETE */
                    "NONE");
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 8);
           }
           ++i;
           pFK = pFK->pNextFrom;
@@ -114790,7 +116692,7 @@
         }else{
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regResult+1);
         }
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, regResult+2, "si", pFK->zTo, i-1);
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, regResult+2, "siX", pFK->zTo, i-1);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, 4);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrOk);
         sqlite3DbFree(db, aiCols);
@@ -114876,12 +116778,11 @@
 
     /* Do an integrity check on each database file */
     for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      HashElem *x;
-      Hash *pTbls;
-      int *aRoot;
-      int cnt = 0;
-      int mxIdx = 0;
-      int nIdx;
+      HashElem *x;     /* For looping over tables in the schema */
+      Hash *pTbls;     /* Set of all tables in the schema */
+      int *aRoot;      /* Array of root page numbers of all btrees */
+      int cnt = 0;     /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
+      int mxIdx = 0;   /* Maximum number of indexes for any table */
 
       if( OMIT_TEMPDB && i==1 ) continue;
       if( iDb>=0 && i!=iDb ) continue;
@@ -114896,8 +116797,9 @@
       assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, i, 0) );
       pTbls = &db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash;
       for(cnt=0, x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
-        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
-        Index *pIdx;
+        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);  /* Current table */
+        Index *pIdx;                      /* An index on pTab */
+        int nIdx;                         /* Number of indexes on pTab */
         if( HasRowid(pTab) ) cnt++;
         for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){ cnt++; }
         if( nIdx>mxIdx ) mxIdx = nIdx;
@@ -114907,15 +116809,16 @@
       for(cnt=0, x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
         Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
         Index *pIdx;
-        if( HasRowid(pTab) ) aRoot[cnt++] = pTab->tnum;
+        if( HasRowid(pTab) ) aRoot[++cnt] = pTab->tnum;
         for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-          aRoot[cnt++] = pIdx->tnum;
+          aRoot[++cnt] = pIdx->tnum;
         }
       }
-      aRoot[cnt] = 0;
+      aRoot[0] = cnt;
 
       /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
       pParse->nMem = MAX( pParse->nMem, 8+mxIdx );
+      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
 
       /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1, (char*)aRoot,P4_INTARRAY);
@@ -114924,9 +116827,8 @@
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
          sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zDbSName),
          P4_DYNAMIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, 2, 4, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 2);
-      integrityCheckResultRow(v, 2);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 2, 3, 3);
+      integrityCheckResultRow(v);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
 
       /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
@@ -114940,16 +116842,13 @@
         int r1 = -1;
 
         if( pTab->tnum<1 ) continue;  /* Skip VIEWs or VIRTUAL TABLEs */
-        if( pTab->pCheck==0
-         && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasNotNull)==0
-         && (pTab->pIndex==0 || isQuick)
-        ){
-          continue;  /* No additional checks needed for this table */
-        }
         pPk = HasRowid(pTab) ? 0 : sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
         sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
         sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenRead, 0,
                                    1, 0, &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
+        /* reg[7] counts the number of entries in the table.
+        ** reg[8+i] counts the number of entries in the i-th index 
+        */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 7);
         for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 8+j); /* index entries counter */
@@ -114970,7 +116869,7 @@
           zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "NULL value in %s.%s", pTab->zName,
                               pTab->aCol[j].zName);
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
-          integrityCheckResultRow(v, 3);
+          integrityCheckResultRow(v);
           sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
         }
         /* Verify CHECK constraints */
@@ -114981,7 +116880,7 @@
             int addrCkOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
             char *zErr;
             int k;
-            pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur;
+            pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
             sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
             for(k=pCheck->nExpr-1; k>0; k--){
               sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pCheck->a[k].pExpr, addrCkFault, 0);
@@ -114989,60 +116888,66 @@
             sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCheck->a[0].pExpr, addrCkOk, 
                 SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
             sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkFault);
+            pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
             zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CHECK constraint failed in %s",
                 pTab->zName);
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
-            integrityCheckResultRow(v, 3);
+            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
             sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkOk);
             sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
           }
           sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCheck);
         }
-        /* Validate index entries for the current row */
-        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx && !isQuick; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
-          int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4, jmp5;
-          int ckUniq = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-          if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
-          r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iDataCur, 0, 0, &jmp3,
-                                       pPrior, r1);
-          pPrior = pIdx;
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 8+j, 1);  /* increment entry count */
-          /* Verify that an index entry exists for the current table row */
-          jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iIdxCur+j, ckUniq, r1,
-                                      pIdx->nColumn); VdbeCoverage(v);
-          sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "row ");
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 7, 3, 3);
-          sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, " missing from index ");
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
-          jmp5 = sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
-          jmp4 = integrityCheckResultRow(v, 3);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
-          /* For UNIQUE indexes, verify that only one entry exists with the
-          ** current key.  The entry is unique if (1) any column is NULL
-          ** or (2) the next entry has a different key */
-          if( IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ){
-            int uniqOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-            int jmp6;
-            int kk;
-            for(kk=0; kk<pIdx->nKeyCol; kk++){
-              int iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[kk];
-              assert( iCol!=XN_ROWID && iCol<pTab->nCol );
-              if( iCol>=0 && pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ) continue;
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, r1+kk, uniqOk);
-              VdbeCoverage(v);
+        if( !isQuick ){ /* Omit the remaining tests for quick_check */
+          /* Sanity check on record header decoding */
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iDataCur, pTab->nCol-1, 3);
+          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
+          /* Validate index entries for the current row */
+          for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
+            int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4, jmp5;
+            int ckUniq = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+            if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
+            r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iDataCur, 0, 0, &jmp3,
+                                         pPrior, r1);
+            pPrior = pIdx;
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 8+j, 1);/* increment entry count */
+            /* Verify that an index entry exists for the current table row */
+            jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iIdxCur+j, ckUniq, r1,
+                                        pIdx->nColumn); VdbeCoverage(v);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "row ");
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 7, 3, 3);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, " missing from index ");
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
+            jmp5 = sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
+            jmp4 = integrityCheckResultRow(v);
+            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
+            /* For UNIQUE indexes, verify that only one entry exists with the
+            ** current key.  The entry is unique if (1) any column is NULL
+            ** or (2) the next entry has a different key */
+            if( IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ){
+              int uniqOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+              int jmp6;
+              int kk;
+              for(kk=0; kk<pIdx->nKeyCol; kk++){
+                int iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[kk];
+                assert( iCol!=XN_ROWID && iCol<pTab->nCol );
+                if( iCol>=0 && pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ) continue;
+                sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, r1+kk, uniqOk);
+                VdbeCoverage(v);
+              }
+              jmp6 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur+j); VdbeCoverage(v);
+              sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, uniqOk);
+              sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp6);
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxGT, iIdxCur+j, uniqOk, r1,
+                                   pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
+              sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "non-unique entry in index ");
+              sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, jmp5);
+              sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, uniqOk);
             }
-            jmp6 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur+j); VdbeCoverage(v);
-            sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, uniqOk);
-            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp6);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxGT, iIdxCur+j, uniqOk, r1,
-                                 pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
-            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "non-unique entry in index ");
-            sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, jmp5);
-            sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, uniqOk);
+            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp4);
+            sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(pParse, jmp3);
           }
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp4);
-          sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(pParse, jmp3);
         }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iDataCur, loopTop); VdbeCoverage(v);
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop-1);
@@ -115054,9 +116959,9 @@
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur+j, 3);
             addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, 8+j, 0, 3); VdbeCoverage(v);
             sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
-            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, pIdx->zName);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 3, 2, 7);
-            integrityCheckResultRow(v, 7);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 2, 3);
+            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
             sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
           }
         }
@@ -115070,6 +116975,9 @@
         { OP_IfNotZero,   1, 4,        0},    /* 1 */
         { OP_String8,     0, 3,        0},    /* 2 */
         { OP_ResultRow,   3, 1,        0},    /* 3 */
+        { OP_Halt,        0, 0,        0},    /* 4 */
+        { OP_String8,     0, 3,        0},    /* 5 */
+        { OP_Goto,        0, 3,        0},    /* 6 */
       };
       VdbeOp *aOp;
 
@@ -115078,7 +116986,10 @@
         aOp[0].p2 = 1-mxErr;
         aOp[2].p4type = P4_STATIC;
         aOp[2].p4.z = "ok";
+        aOp[5].p4type = P4_STATIC;
+        aOp[5].p4.z = (char*)sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_CORRUPT);
       }
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-2);
     }
   }
   break;
@@ -115330,7 +117241,8 @@
   **    0x0008    (Not yet implemented) Create indexes that might have
   **              been helpful to recent queries
   **
-  ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0xfffe.  0xfffe means perform all    ** of the optimizations listed above except Debug Mode, including new
+  ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0xfffe.  0xfffe means perform all
+  ** of the optimizations listed above except Debug Mode, including new
   ** optimizations that have not yet been invented.  If new optimizations are
   ** ever added that should be off by default, those off-by-default 
   ** optimizations will have bitmasks of 0x10000 or larger.
@@ -115492,7 +117404,6 @@
          zState = azLockName[j];
       }
       sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "ss", db->aDb[i].zDbSName, zState);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 2);
     }
     break;
   }
@@ -115758,10 +117669,14 @@
   pragmaVtabCursorClear(pCsr);
   j = (pTab->pName->mPragFlg & PragFlg_Result1)!=0 ? 0 : 1;
   for(i=0; i<argc; i++, j++){
+    const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
     assert( j<ArraySize(pCsr->azArg) );
-    pCsr->azArg[j] = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]));
-    if( pCsr->azArg[j]==0 ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    assert( pCsr->azArg[j]==0 );
+    if( zText ){
+      pCsr->azArg[j] = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zText);
+      if( pCsr->azArg[j]==0 ){
+        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
     }
   }
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, 0, 0, pTab->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]);
@@ -115894,7 +117809,7 @@
   const char *zExtra   /* Error information */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pData->db;
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && (db->flags & SQLITE_RecoveryMode)==0 ){
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && (db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0 ){
     char *z;
     if( zObj==0 ) zObj = "?";
     z = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "malformed database schema (%s)", zObj);
@@ -115954,7 +117869,7 @@
     rc = db->errCode;
     assert( (rc&0xFF)==(rcp&0xFF) );
     db->init.iDb = saved_iDb;
-    assert( saved_iDb==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)!=0 );
+    assert( saved_iDb==0 || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0 );
     if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
       if( db->init.orphanTrigger ){
         assert( iDb==1 );
@@ -116019,6 +117934,8 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   assert( iDb==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[iDb].pBt) );
 
+  db->init.busy = 1;
+
   /* Construct the in-memory representation schema tables (sqlite_master or
   ** sqlite_temp_master) by invoking the parser directly.  The appropriate
   ** table name will be inserted automatically by the parser so we can just
@@ -116027,7 +117944,7 @@
   azArg[0] = zMasterName = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
   azArg[1] = "1";
   azArg[2] = "CREATE TABLE x(type text,name text,tbl_name text,"
-                            "rootpage integer,sql text)";
+                            "rootpage int,sql text)";
   azArg[3] = 0;
   initData.db = db;
   initData.iDb = iDb;
@@ -116043,10 +117960,10 @@
   */
   pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
   if( pDb->pBt==0 ){
-    if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && ALWAYS(iDb==1) ){
-      DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded);
-    }
-    return SQLITE_OK;
+    assert( iDb==1 );
+    DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded);
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    goto error_out;
   }
 
   /* If there is not already a read-only (or read-write) transaction opened
@@ -116181,8 +118098,8 @@
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_RecoveryMode)){
-    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_RecoveryMode flag is set, then consider
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_WriteSchema)){
+    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_WriteSchema flag is set, then consider
     ** the schema loaded, even if errors occurred. In this situation the 
     ** current sqlite3_prepare() operation will fail, but the following one
     ** will attempt to compile the supplied statement against whatever subset
@@ -116205,9 +118122,13 @@
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(pDb->pBt);
 
 error_out:
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  if( rc ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
+      sqlite3OomFault(db);
+    }
+    sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, iDb);
   }
+  db->init.busy = 0;
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -116223,42 +118144,29 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg){
   int i, rc;
-  int commit_internal = !(db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges);
+  int commit_internal = !(db->mDbFlags&DBFLAG_SchemaChange);
   
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[0].pBt) );
   assert( db->init.busy==0 );
-  rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  db->init.busy = 1;
   ENC(db) = SCHEMA_ENC(db);
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
-    if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) || i==1 ) continue;
-    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
-    if( rc ){
-      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, i);
+  assert( db->nDb>0 );
+  /* Do the main schema first */
+  if( !DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
+    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 0, pzErrMsg);
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+  }
+  /* All other schemas after the main schema. The "temp" schema must be last */
+  for(i=db->nDb-1; i>0; i--){
+    if( !DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
+      rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
+      if( rc ) return rc;
     }
   }
-
-  /* Once all the other databases have been initialized, load the schema
-  ** for the TEMP database. This is loaded last, as the TEMP database
-  ** schema may contain references to objects in other databases.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  assert( db->nDb>1 );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
-    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 1, pzErrMsg);
-    if( rc ){
-      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, 1);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  db->init.busy = 0;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && commit_internal ){
+  if( commit_internal ){
     sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);
   }
-
-  return rc; 
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -116349,7 +118257,8 @@
   */
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   if( pSchema ){
-    for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<db->nDb); i++){
+    for(i=0; 1; i++){
+      assert( i<db->nDb );
       if( db->aDb[i].pSchema==pSchema ){
         break;
       }
@@ -116363,16 +118272,14 @@
 ** Free all memory allocations in the pParse object
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse *pParse){
-  if( pParse ){
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
-    if( db ){
-      assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );
-      db->lookaside.bDisable -= pParse->disableLookaside;
-    }
-    pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
+  if( db ){
+    assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );
+    db->lookaside.bDisable -= pParse->disableLookaside;
   }
+  pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -116382,7 +118289,7 @@
   sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to copy SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   Vdbe *pReprepare,         /* VM being reprepared */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
   const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
@@ -116399,6 +118306,14 @@
   /* assert( !db->mallocFailed ); // not true with SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA */
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
 
+  /* For a long-term use prepared statement avoid the use of
+  ** lookaside memory.
+  */
+  if( prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT ){
+    sParse.disableLookaside++;
+    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+  }
+
   /* Check to verify that it is possible to get a read lock on all
   ** database schemas.  The inability to get a read lock indicates that
   ** some other database connection is holding a write-lock, which in
@@ -116430,7 +118345,7 @@
       if( rc ){
         const char *zDb = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
         sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, "database schema is locked: %s", zDb);
-        testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted );
+        testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit );
         goto end_prepare;
       }
     }
@@ -116498,8 +118413,7 @@
 #endif
 
   if( db->init.busy==0 ){
-    Vdbe *pVdbe = sParse.pVdbe;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), saveSqlFlag);
+    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(sParse.pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), prepFlags);
   }
   if( sParse.pVdbe && (rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed) ){
     sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
@@ -116525,20 +118439,19 @@
 end_prepare:
 
   sqlite3ParserReset(&sParse);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
   return rc;
 }
 static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
   sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to copy SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   Vdbe *pOld,               /* VM being reprepared */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
   const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
   int rc;
+  int cnt = 0;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( ppStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
@@ -116549,14 +118462,18 @@
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, saveSqlFlag, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
-    sqlite3_finalize(*ppStmt);
-    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, saveSqlFlag, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
-  }
+  do{
+    /* Make multiple attempts to compile the SQL, until it either succeeds
+    ** or encounters a permanent error.  A schema problem after one schema
+    ** reset is considered a permanent error. */
+    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, prepFlags, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || *ppStmt==0 );
+  }while( rc==SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY
+       || (rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA && (sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db,-1), cnt++)==0) );
   sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
+  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
+  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || *ppStmt==0 );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -116573,13 +118490,15 @@
   sqlite3_stmt *pNew;
   const char *zSql;
   sqlite3 *db;
+  u8 prepFlags;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3VdbeDb(p)->mutex) );
   zSql = sqlite3_sql((sqlite3_stmt *)p);
   assert( zSql!=0 );  /* Reprepare only called for prepare_v2() statements */
   db = sqlite3VdbeDb(p);
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql, -1, 0, p, &pNew, 0);
+  prepFlags = sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(p);
+  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql, -1, prepFlags, p, &pNew, 0);
   if( rc ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -116625,8 +118544,36 @@
   const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
   int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,1,0,ppStmt,pzTail);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37923-12173 The sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works
+  ** exactly the same as sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags
+  ** parameter.
+  **
+  ** Proof in that the 5th parameter to sqlite3LockAndPrepare is 0 */
+  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL,0,
+                             ppStmt,pzTail);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );
+  return rc;
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
+  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
+  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
+  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
+){
+  int rc;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-56861-42673 sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from
+  ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having the extra prepFlags parameter,
+  ** which is a bit array consisting of zero or more of the
+  ** SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags.
+  **
+  ** Proof by comparison to the implementation of sqlite3_prepare_v2()
+  ** directly above. */
+  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,
+                 SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL|(prepFlags&SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK),
+                 0,ppStmt,pzTail);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -116639,7 +118586,7 @@
   sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
   const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to save SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
   const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
@@ -116667,7 +118614,7 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   zSql8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zSql, nBytes, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
   if( zSql8 ){
-    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, saveSqlFlag, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
+    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, prepFlags, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
   }
 
   if( zTail8 && pzTail ){
@@ -116713,7 +118660,22 @@
   const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
   int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,1,ppStmt,pzTail);
+  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL,ppStmt,pzTail);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
+  return rc;
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
+  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
+  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
+  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
+){
+  int rc;
+  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,
+         SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL|(prepFlags&SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK),
+         ppStmt,pzTail);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
   return rc;
 }
@@ -116798,8 +118760,7 @@
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pHaving);
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pOffset);
-    if( p->pWith ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, p->pWith);
+    if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p->pWith) ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, p->pWith);
     if( bFree ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
     p = pPrior;
     bFree = 1;
@@ -116831,8 +118792,7 @@
   Expr *pHaving,        /* the HAVING clause */
   ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* the ORDER BY clause */
   u32 selFlags,         /* Flag parameters, such as SF_Distinct */
-  Expr *pLimit,         /* LIMIT value.  NULL means not used */
-  Expr *pOffset         /* OFFSET value.  NULL means no offset */
+  Expr *pLimit          /* LIMIT value.  NULL means not used */
 ){
   Select *pNew;
   Select standin;
@@ -116842,7 +118802,8 @@
     pNew = &standin;
   }
   if( pEList==0 ){
-    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3Expr(pParse->db,TK_ASTERISK,0));
+    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0,
+                                   sqlite3Expr(pParse->db,TK_ASTERISK,0));
   }
   pNew->pEList = pEList;
   pNew->op = TK_SELECT;
@@ -116864,9 +118825,7 @@
   pNew->pPrior = 0;
   pNew->pNext = 0;
   pNew->pLimit = pLimit;
-  pNew->pOffset = pOffset;
   pNew->pWith = 0;
-  assert( pOffset==0 || pLimit!=0 || pParse->nErr>0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed!=0 );
   if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) {
     clearSelect(pParse->db, pNew, pNew!=&standin);
     pNew = 0;
@@ -116893,7 +118852,7 @@
 ** Delete the given Select structure and all of its substructures.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
-  if( p ) clearSelect(db, p, 1);
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p) ) clearSelect(db, p, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -117134,11 +119093,10 @@
   pLeft = &pSrc->a[0];
   pRight = &pLeft[1];
   for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
-    Table *pLeftTab = pLeft->pTab;
     Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
     int isOuter;
 
-    if( NEVER(pLeftTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
+    if( NEVER(pLeft->pTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
     isOuter = (pRight->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;
 
     /* When the NATURAL keyword is present, add WHERE clause terms for
@@ -117286,11 +119244,11 @@
     if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
     pOp->p2 = nKey + nData;
     pKI = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nField); /* Makes OP_Jump below testable */
+    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nKeyField); /* Makes OP_Jump testable */
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pKI, P4_KEYINFO);
-    testcase( pKI->nXField>2 );
+    testcase( pKI->nAllField > pKI->nKeyField+2 );
     pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, nOBSat,
-                                           pKI->nXField-1);
+                                           pKI->nAllField-pKI->nKeyField-1);
     addrJmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrJmp+1, 0, addrJmp+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
     pSort->labelBkOut = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
@@ -117388,16 +119346,15 @@
 ** This routine generates the code for the inside of the inner loop
 ** of a SELECT.
 **
-** If srcTab is negative, then the pEList expressions
+** If srcTab is negative, then the p->pEList expressions
 ** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row.  If srcTab is
-** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and pEList is used only 
+** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and p->pEList is used only 
 ** to get the number of columns and the collation sequence for each column.
 */
 static void selectInnerLoop(
   Parse *pParse,          /* The parser context */
   Select *p,              /* The complete select statement being coded */
-  ExprList *pEList,       /* List of values being extracted */
-  int srcTab,             /* Pull data from this table */
+  int srcTab,             /* Pull data from this table if non-negative */
   SortCtx *pSort,         /* If not NULL, info on how to process ORDER BY */
   DistinctCtx *pDistinct, /* If not NULL, info on how to process DISTINCT */
   SelectDest *pDest,      /* How to dispose of the results */
@@ -117421,7 +119378,7 @@
   int regOrig;                /* Start of memory holding full result (or 0) */
 
   assert( v );
-  assert( pEList!=0 );
+  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
   hasDistinct = pDistinct ? pDistinct->eTnctType : WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;
   if( pSort && pSort->pOrderBy==0 ) pSort = 0;
   if( pSort==0 && !hasDistinct ){
@@ -117431,7 +119388,7 @@
 
   /* Pull the requested columns.
   */
-  nResultCol = pEList->nExpr;
+  nResultCol = p->pEList->nExpr;
 
   if( pDest->iSdst==0 ){
     if( pSort ){
@@ -117454,7 +119411,7 @@
   if( srcTab>=0 ){
     for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, i, regResult+i);
-      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pEList->a[i].zName));
+      VdbeComment((v, "%s", p->pEList->a[i].zName));
     }
   }else if( eDest!=SRT_Exists ){
     /* If the destination is an EXISTS(...) expression, the actual
@@ -117467,24 +119424,25 @@
       ecelFlags = 0;
     }
     if( pSort && hasDistinct==0 && eDest!=SRT_EphemTab && eDest!=SRT_Table ){
-      /* For each expression in pEList that is a copy of an expression in
+      /* For each expression in p->pEList that is a copy of an expression in
       ** the ORDER BY clause (pSort->pOrderBy), set the associated 
       ** iOrderByCol value to one more than the index of the ORDER BY 
       ** expression within the sort-key that pushOntoSorter() will generate.
-      ** This allows the pEList field to be omitted from the sorted record,
+      ** This allows the p->pEList field to be omitted from the sorted record,
       ** saving space and CPU cycles.  */
       ecelFlags |= (SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF|SQLITE_ECEL_REF);
       for(i=pSort->nOBSat; i<pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
         int j;
         if( (j = pSort->pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol)>0 ){
-          pEList->a[j-1].u.x.iOrderByCol = i+1-pSort->nOBSat;
+          p->pEList->a[j-1].u.x.iOrderByCol = i+1-pSort->nOBSat;
         }
       }
       regOrig = 0;
       assert( eDest==SRT_Set || eDest==SRT_Mem 
            || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Output );
     }
-    nResultCol = sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse,pEList,regResult,0,ecelFlags);
+    nResultCol = sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse,p->pEList,regResult,
+                                         0,ecelFlags);
   }
 
   /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
@@ -117516,7 +119474,7 @@
 
         iJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nResultCol;
         for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
-          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pEList->a[i].pExpr);
+          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p->pEList->a[i].pExpr);
           if( i<nResultCol-1 ){
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regResult+i, iJump, regPrev+i);
             VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -117755,12 +119713,12 @@
 ** X extra columns.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3 *db, int N, int X){
-  int nExtra = (N+X)*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1);
+  int nExtra = (N+X)*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) - sizeof(CollSeq*);
   KeyInfo *p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(KeyInfo) + nExtra);
   if( p ){
     p->aSortOrder = (u8*)&p->aColl[N+X];
-    p->nField = (u16)N;
-    p->nXField = (u16)X;
+    p->nKeyField = (u16)N;
+    p->nAllField = (u16)(N+X);
     p->enc = ENC(db);
     p->db = db;
     p->nRef = 1;
@@ -117834,10 +119792,7 @@
   if( pInfo ){
     assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pInfo) );
     for(i=iStart, pItem=pList->a+iStart; i<nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-      CollSeq *pColl;
-      pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
-      if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-      pInfo->aColl[i-iStart] = pColl;
+      pInfo->aColl[i-iStart] = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
       pInfo->aSortOrder[i-iStart] = pItem->sortOrder;
     }
   }
@@ -118087,23 +120042,23 @@
 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA compile-time option is used.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,C,D,E,F)
+# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E) columnTypeImpl(A,B,C,D,E)
 #else /* if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA) */
-# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,F)
+# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E) columnTypeImpl(A,B)
 #endif
 static const char *columnTypeImpl(
   NameContext *pNC, 
+#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+  Expr *pExpr
+#else
   Expr *pExpr,
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
   const char **pzOrigDb,
   const char **pzOrigTab,
-  const char **pzOrigCol,
+  const char **pzOrigCol
 #endif
-  u8 *pEstWidth
 ){
   char const *zType = 0;
   int j;
-  u8 estWidth = 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
   char const *zOrigDb = 0;
   char const *zOrigTab = 0;
@@ -118112,8 +120067,9 @@
 
   assert( pExpr!=0 );
   assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
+  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* This routine runes before aggregates
+                                       ** are processed */
   switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       /* The expression is a column. Locate the table the column is being
       ** extracted from in NameContext.pSrcList. This table may be real
@@ -118122,8 +120078,6 @@
       Table *pTab = 0;            /* Table structure column is extracted from */
       Select *pS = 0;             /* Select the column is extracted from */
       int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;  /* Index of column in pTab */
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
       while( pNC && !pTab ){
         SrcList *pTabList = pNC->pSrcList;
         for(j=0;j<pTabList->nSrc && pTabList->a[j].iCursor!=pExpr->iTable;j++);
@@ -118172,33 +120126,32 @@
           sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
           sNC.pNext = pNC;
           sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-          zType = columnType(&sNC, p,&zOrigDb,&zOrigTab,&zOrigCol, &estWidth); 
+          zType = columnType(&sNC, p,&zOrigDb,&zOrigTab,&zOrigCol); 
         }
-      }else if( pTab->pSchema ){
-        /* A real table */
+      }else{
+        /* A real table or a CTE table */
         assert( !pS );
-        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
-        assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
+        assert( iCol==XN_ROWID || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
         if( iCol<0 ){
           zType = "INTEGER";
           zOrigCol = "rowid";
         }else{
           zOrigCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
           zType = sqlite3ColumnType(&pTab->aCol[iCol],0);
-          estWidth = pTab->aCol[iCol].szEst;
         }
         zOrigTab = pTab->zName;
-        if( pNC->pParse ){
+        if( pNC->pParse && pTab->pSchema ){
           int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pNC->pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
           zOrigDb = pNC->pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
         }
 #else
+        assert( iCol==XN_ROWID || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
         if( iCol<0 ){
           zType = "INTEGER";
         }else{
           zType = sqlite3ColumnType(&pTab->aCol[iCol],0);
-          estWidth = pTab->aCol[iCol].szEst;
         }
 #endif
       }
@@ -118217,7 +120170,7 @@
       sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
       sNC.pNext = pNC;
       sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol, &estWidth); 
+      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol); 
       break;
     }
 #endif
@@ -118231,7 +120184,6 @@
     *pzOrigCol = zOrigCol;
   }
 #endif
-  if( pEstWidth ) *pEstWidth = estWidth;
   return zType;
 }
 
@@ -118258,7 +120210,7 @@
     const char *zOrigDb = 0;
     const char *zOrigTab = 0;
     const char *zOrigCol = 0;
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol, 0);
+    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol);
 
     /* The vdbe must make its own copy of the column-type and other 
     ** column specific strings, in case the schema is reset before this
@@ -118268,7 +120220,7 @@
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_TABLE, zOrigTab, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_COLUMN, zOrigCol, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 #else
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
 #endif
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_DECLTYPE, zType, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
   }
@@ -118277,9 +120229,34 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the names of columns
-** in the result set.  This information is used to provide the
-** azCol[] values in the callback.
+** Compute the column names for a SELECT statement.
+**
+** The only guarantee that SQLite makes about column names is that if the
+** column has an AS clause assigning it a name, that will be the name used.
+** That is the only documented guarantee.  However, countless applications
+** developed over the years have made baseless assumptions about column names
+** and will break if those assumptions changes.  Hence, use extreme caution
+** when modifying this routine to avoid breaking legacy.
+**
+** See Also: sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList()
+**
+** The PRAGMA short_column_names and PRAGMA full_column_names settings are
+** deprecated.  The default setting is short=ON, full=OFF.  99.9% of all
+** applications should operate this way.  Nevertheless, we need to support the
+** other modes for legacy:
+**
+**    short=OFF, full=OFF:      Column name is the text of the expression has it
+**                              originally appears in the SELECT statement.  In
+**                              other words, the zSpan of the result expression.
+**
+**    short=ON, full=OFF:       (This is the default setting).  If the result
+**                              refers directly to a table column, then the
+**                              result column name is just the table column
+**                              name: COLUMN.  Otherwise use zSpan.
+**
+**    full=ON, short=ANY:       If the result refers directly to a table column,
+**                              then the result column name with the table name
+**                              prefix, ex: TABLE.COLUMN.  Otherwise use zSpan.
 */
 static void generateColumnNames(
   Parse *pParse,      /* Parser context */
@@ -118304,6 +120281,7 @@
   if( pParse->colNamesSet || db->mallocFailed ) return;
   /* Column names are determined by the left-most term of a compound select */
   while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
+  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,pSelect,("generating column names\n"));
   pTabList = pSelect->pSrc;
   pEList = pSelect->pEList;
   assert( v!=0 );
@@ -118316,6 +120294,8 @@
     Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
 
     assert( p!=0 );
+    assert( p->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* Agg processing has not run yet */
+    assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || p->pTab!=0 ); /* Covering idx not yet coded */
     if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
       /* An AS clause always takes first priority */
       char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
@@ -118360,6 +120340,15 @@
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If a memory allocation error occurs,
 ** store NULL in *paCol and 0 in *pnCol and return SQLITE_NOMEM.
+**
+** The only guarantee that SQLite makes about column names is that if the
+** column has an AS clause assigning it a name, that will be the name used.
+** That is the only documented guarantee.  However, countless applications
+** developed over the years have made baseless assumptions about column names
+** and will break if those assumptions changes.  Hence, use extreme caution
+** when modifying this routine to avoid breaking legacy.
+**
+** See Also: generateColumnNames()
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
@@ -118372,7 +120361,6 @@
   u32 cnt;                    /* Index added to make the name unique */
   Column *aCol, *pCol;        /* For looping over result columns */
   int nCol;                   /* Number of columns in the result set */
-  Expr *p;                    /* Expression for a single result column */
   char *zName;                /* Column name */
   int nName;                  /* Size of name in zName[] */
   Hash ht;                    /* Hash table of column names */
@@ -118382,6 +120370,7 @@
     nCol = pEList->nExpr;
     aCol = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(aCol[0])*nCol);
     testcase( aCol==0 );
+    if( nCol>32767 ) nCol = 32767;
   }else{
     nCol = 0;
     aCol = 0;
@@ -118393,20 +120382,20 @@
   for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol && !db->mallocFailed; i++, pCol++){
     /* Get an appropriate name for the column
     */
-    p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
     if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
       /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
     }else{
-      Expr *pColExpr = p;  /* The expression that is the result column name */
-      Table *pTab;         /* Table associated with this expression */
+      Expr *pColExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
       while( pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ){
         pColExpr = pColExpr->pRight;
         assert( pColExpr!=0 );
       }
-      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pColExpr->pTab!=0 ){
+      assert( pColExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );
+      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
         /* For columns use the column name name */
         int iCol = pColExpr->iColumn;
-        pTab = pColExpr->pTab;
+        Table *pTab = pColExpr->pTab;
+        assert( pTab!=0 );
         if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
         zName = iCol>=0 ? pTab->aCol[iCol].zName : "rowid";
       }else if( pColExpr->op==TK_ID ){
@@ -118417,7 +120406,11 @@
         zName = pEList->a[i].zSpan;
       }
     }
-    zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", zName);
+    if( zName ){
+      zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
+    }else{
+      zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db,"column%d",i+1);
+    }
 
     /* Make sure the column name is unique.  If the name is not unique,
     ** append an integer to the name so that it becomes unique.
@@ -118474,7 +120467,6 @@
   int i;
   Expr *p;
   struct ExprList_item *a;
-  u64 szAll = 0;
 
   assert( pSelect!=0 );
   assert( (pSelect->selFlags & SF_Resolved)!=0 );
@@ -118487,10 +120479,11 @@
     const char *zType;
     int n, m;
     p = a[i].pExpr;
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0, &pCol->szEst);
-    szAll += pCol->szEst;
+    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
+    /* pCol->szEst = ... // Column size est for SELECT tables never used */
     pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
-    if( zType && (m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType))>0 ){
+    if( zType ){
+      m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
       n = sqlite3Strlen30(pCol->zName);
       pCol->zName = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(db, pCol->zName, n+m+2);
       if( pCol->zName ){
@@ -118504,7 +120497,7 @@
       pCol->zColl = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pColl->zName);
     }
   }
-  pTab->szTabRow = sqlite3LogEst(szAll*4);
+  pTab->szTabRow = 1; /* Any non-zero value works */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -118547,25 +120540,22 @@
 ** Get a VDBE for the given parser context.  Create a new one if necessary.
 ** If an error occurs, return NULL and leave a message in pParse.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE Vdbe *allocVdbe(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse);
-  if( v ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Init, 0, 1);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
+  if( pParse->pVdbe ){
+    return pParse->pVdbe;
+  }
   if( pParse->pToplevel==0
    && OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db,SQLITE_FactorOutConst)
   ){
     pParse->okConstFactor = 1;
   }
-  return v;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  return v ? v : allocVdbe(pParse);
+  return sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse);
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** Compute the iLimit and iOffset fields of the SELECT based on the
-** pLimit and pOffset expressions.  pLimit and pOffset hold the expressions
+** pLimit expressions.  pLimit->pLeft and pLimit->pRight hold the expressions
 ** that appear in the original SQL statement after the LIMIT and OFFSET
 ** keywords.  Or NULL if those keywords are omitted. iLimit and iOffset 
 ** are the integer memory register numbers for counters used to compute 
@@ -118573,15 +120563,15 @@
 ** iLimit and iOffset are negative.
 **
 ** This routine changes the values of iLimit and iOffset only if
-** a limit or offset is defined by pLimit and pOffset.  iLimit and
-** iOffset should have been preset to appropriate default values (zero)
+** a limit or offset is defined by pLimit->pLeft and pLimit->pRight.  iLimit
+** and iOffset should have been preset to appropriate default values (zero)
 ** prior to calling this routine.
 **
 ** The iOffset register (if it exists) is initialized to the value
 ** of the OFFSET.  The iLimit register is initialized to LIMIT.  Register
 ** iOffset+1 is initialized to LIMIT+OFFSET.
 **
-** Only if pLimit!=0 or pOffset!=0 do the limit registers get
+** Only if pLimit->pLeft!=0 do the limit registers get
 ** redefined.  The UNION ALL operator uses this property to force
 ** the reuse of the same limit and offset registers across multiple
 ** SELECT statements.
@@ -118591,6 +120581,8 @@
   int iLimit = 0;
   int iOffset;
   int n;
+  Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
+
   if( p->iLimit ) return;
 
   /* 
@@ -118600,12 +120592,13 @@
   ** no rows.
   */
   sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  assert( p->pOffset==0 || p->pLimit!=0 );
-  if( p->pLimit ){
+  if( pLimit ){
+    assert( pLimit->op==TK_LIMIT );
+    assert( pLimit->pLeft!=0 );
     p->iLimit = iLimit = ++pParse->nMem;
     v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
     assert( v!=0 );
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLimit, &n) ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pLimit->pLeft, &n) ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, n, iLimit);
       VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT counter"));
       if( n==0 ){
@@ -118615,15 +120608,15 @@
         p->selFlags |= SF_FixedLimit;
       }
     }else{
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p->pLimit, iLimit);
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pLimit->pLeft, iLimit);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, iLimit); VdbeCoverage(v);
       VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT counter"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, iLimit, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
     }
-    if( p->pOffset ){
+    if( pLimit->pRight ){
       p->iOffset = iOffset = ++pParse->nMem;
       pParse->nMem++;   /* Allocate an extra register for limit+offset */
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p->pOffset, iOffset);
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pLimit->pRight, iOffset);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, iOffset); VdbeCoverage(v);
       VdbeComment((v, "OFFSET counter"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OffsetLimit, iLimit, iOffset+1, iOffset);
@@ -118753,7 +120746,7 @@
   int i;                        /* Loop counter */
   int rc;                       /* Result code */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;           /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;       /* Saved LIMIT and OFFSET */
+  Expr *pLimit;                 /* Saved LIMIT and OFFSET */
   int regLimit, regOffset;      /* Registers used by LIMIT and OFFSET */
 
   /* Obtain authorization to do a recursive query */
@@ -118764,10 +120757,9 @@
   p->nSelectRow = 320;  /* 4 billion rows */
   computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, addrBreak);
   pLimit = p->pLimit;
-  pOffset = p->pOffset;
   regLimit = p->iLimit;
   regOffset = p->iOffset;
-  p->pLimit = p->pOffset = 0;
+  p->pLimit = 0;
   p->iLimit = p->iOffset = 0;
   pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
 
@@ -118832,7 +120824,7 @@
   /* Output the single row in Current */
   addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
   codeOffset(v, regOffset, addrCont);
-  selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, iCurrent,
+  selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, iCurrent,
       0, 0, pDest, addrCont, addrBreak);
   if( regLimit ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_DecrJumpZero, regLimit, addrBreak);
@@ -118860,7 +120852,6 @@
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, p->pOrderBy);
   p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
   p->pLimit = pLimit;
-  p->pOffset = pOffset;
   return;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */
@@ -118879,9 +120870,14 @@
 ** on a VALUES clause.
 **
 ** Because the Select object originates from a VALUES clause:
-**   (1) It has no LIMIT or OFFSET
+**   (1) There is no LIMIT or OFFSET or else there is a LIMIT of exactly 1
 **   (2) All terms are UNION ALL
 **   (3) There is no ORDER BY clause
+**
+** The "LIMIT of exactly 1" case of condition (1) comes about when a VALUES
+** clause occurs within scalar expression (ex: "SELECT (VALUES(1),(2),(3))").
+** The sqlite3CodeSubselect will have added the LIMIT 1 clause in tht case.
+** Since the limit is exactly 1, we only need to evalutes the left-most VALUES.
 */
 static int multiSelectValues(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
@@ -118889,14 +120885,13 @@
   SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
 ){
   Select *pPrior;
+  Select *pRightmost = p;
   int nRow = 1;
   int rc = 0;
   assert( p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue );
   do{
     assert( p->selFlags & SF_Values );
     assert( p->op==TK_ALL || (p->op==TK_SELECT && p->pPrior==0) );
-    assert( p->pLimit==0 );
-    assert( p->pOffset==0 );
     assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pEList->nExpr==p->pNext->pEList->nExpr );
     if( p->pPrior==0 ) break;
     assert( p->pPrior->pNext==p );
@@ -118908,7 +120903,7 @@
     p->pPrior = 0;
     rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, pDest);
     p->pPrior = pPrior;
-    if( rc ) break;
+    if( rc || pRightmost->pLimit ) break;
     p->nSelectRow = nRow;
     p = p->pNext;
   }
@@ -118970,15 +120965,9 @@
   db = pParse->db;
   pPrior = p->pPrior;
   dest = *pDest;
-  if( pPrior->pOrderBy ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"ORDER BY clause should come after %s not before",
-      selectOpName(p->op));
-    rc = 1;
-    goto multi_select_end;
-  }
-  if( pPrior->pLimit ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"LIMIT clause should come after %s not before",
-      selectOpName(p->op));
+  if( pPrior->pOrderBy || pPrior->pLimit ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"%s clause should come after %s not before",
+      pPrior->pOrderBy!=0 ? "ORDER BY" : "LIMIT", selectOpName(p->op));
     rc = 1;
     goto multi_select_end;
   }
@@ -119029,11 +121018,9 @@
       pPrior->iLimit = p->iLimit;
       pPrior->iOffset = p->iOffset;
       pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;
-      pPrior->pOffset = p->pOffset;
       explainSetInteger(iSub1, pParse->iNextSelectId);
       rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest);
       p->pLimit = 0;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
       if( rc ){
         goto multi_select_end;
       }
@@ -119055,7 +121042,7 @@
       p->pPrior = pPrior;
       p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEstAdd(p->nSelectRow, pPrior->nSelectRow);
       if( pPrior->pLimit
-       && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pPrior->pLimit, &nLimit)
+       && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pPrior->pLimit->pLeft, &nLimit)
        && nLimit>0 && p->nSelectRow > sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit) 
       ){
         p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit);
@@ -119070,7 +121057,7 @@
       int unionTab;    /* Cursor number of the temporary table holding result */
       u8 op = 0;       /* One of the SRT_ operations to apply to self */
       int priorOp;     /* The SRT_ operation to apply to prior selects */
-      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset; /* Saved values of p->nLimit and p->nOffset */
+      Expr *pLimit;    /* Saved values of p->nLimit  */
       int addr;
       SelectDest uniondest;
 
@@ -119082,7 +121069,6 @@
         ** right.
         */
         assert( p->pLimit==0 );      /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
-        assert( p->pOffset==0 );     /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
         unionTab = dest.iSDParm;
       }else{
         /* We will need to create our own temporary table to hold the
@@ -119118,8 +121104,6 @@
       p->pPrior = 0;
       pLimit = p->pLimit;
       p->pLimit = 0;
-      pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
       uniondest.eDest = op;
       explainSetInteger(iSub2, pParse->iNextSelectId);
       rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest);
@@ -119135,7 +121119,6 @@
       }
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
       p->pLimit = pLimit;
-      p->pOffset = pOffset;
       p->iLimit = 0;
       p->iOffset = 0;
 
@@ -119151,7 +121134,7 @@
         computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
         iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-        selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, unionTab,
+        selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, unionTab,
                         0, 0, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, unionTab, iStart); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -119163,7 +121146,7 @@
     default: assert( p->op==TK_INTERSECT ); {
       int tab1, tab2;
       int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
-      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;
+      Expr *pLimit;
       int addr;
       SelectDest intersectdest;
       int r1;
@@ -119199,8 +121182,6 @@
       p->pPrior = 0;
       pLimit = p->pLimit;
       p->pLimit = 0;
-      pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
       intersectdest.iSDParm = tab2;
       explainSetInteger(iSub2, pParse->iNextSelectId);
       rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest);
@@ -119210,7 +121191,6 @@
       if( p->nSelectRow>pPrior->nSelectRow ) p->nSelectRow = pPrior->nSelectRow;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
       p->pLimit = pLimit;
-      p->pOffset = pOffset;
 
       /* Generate code to take the intersection of the two temporary
       ** tables.
@@ -119224,7 +121204,7 @@
       iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, tab1, r1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont, r1, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1,
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, tab1,
                       0, 0, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, tab1, iStart); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -119689,8 +121669,6 @@
   }
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
   p->pLimit = 0;
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pOffset);
-  p->pOffset = 0;
 
   regAddrA = ++pParse->nMem;
   regAddrB = ++pParse->nMem;
@@ -119876,7 +121854,9 @@
   Expr *pExpr            /* Expr in which substitution occurs */
 ){
   if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) && pExpr->iRightJoinTable==pSubst->iTable ){
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+   && pExpr->iRightJoinTable==pSubst->iTable
+  ){
     pExpr->iRightJoinTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
   }
   if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable ){
@@ -119900,9 +121880,12 @@
           pCopy = &ifNullRow;
         }
         pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCopy, 0);
-        if( pNew && (pExpr->flags & EP_FromJoin) ){
+        if( pNew && pSubst->isLeftJoin ){
+          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
+        }
+        if( pNew && ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin) ){
           pNew->iRightJoinTable = pExpr->iRightJoinTable;
-          pNew->flags |= EP_FromJoin;
+          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_FromJoin);
         }
         sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
         pExpr = pNew;
@@ -119986,67 +121969,74 @@
 ** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
 ** avoided.
 **
-** Flattening is only attempted if all of the following are true:
+** Flattening is subject to the following constraints:
 **
-**   (1)  The subquery and the outer query do not both use aggregates.
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries. Was:
+**        The subquery and the outer query cannot both be aggregates.
 **
-**   (2)  The subquery is not an aggregate or (2a) the outer query is not a join
-**        and (2b) the outer query does not use subqueries other than the one
-**        FROM-clause subquery that is a candidate for flattening.  (2b is
-**        due to ticket [2f7170d73bf9abf80] from 2015-02-09.)
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries. Was:
+**        (2) If the subquery is an aggregate then
+**        (2a) the outer query must not be a join and
+**        (2b) the outer query must not use subqueries
+**             other than the one FROM-clause subquery that is a candidate
+**             for flattening.  (This is due to ticket [2f7170d73bf9abf80]
+**             from 2015-02-09.)
 **
-**   (3)  The subquery is not the right operand of a LEFT JOIN
-**        or the subquery is not itself a join and the outer query is not
-**        an aggregate.
+**   (3)  If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN then
+**        (3a) the subquery may not be a join and
+**        (3b) the FROM clause of the subquery may not contain a virtual
+**             table and
+**        (3c) the outer query may not be an aggregate.
 **
-**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT.
+**   (4)  The subquery can not be DISTINCT.
 **
 **  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
 **        sub-queries that were excluded from this optimization. Restriction 
 **        (4) has since been expanded to exclude all DISTINCT subqueries.
 **
-**   (6)  The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query is not
-**        DISTINCT.
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries.  Was:
+**        If the subquery is aggregate, the outer query may not be DISTINCT.
 **
-**   (7)  The subquery has a FROM clause.  TODO:  For subqueries without
+**   (7)  The subquery must have a FROM clause.  TODO:  For subqueries without
 **        A FROM clause, consider adding a FROM clause with the special
 **        table sqlite_once that consists of a single row containing a
 **        single NULL.
 **
-**   (8)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
+**   (8)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not be a join.
 **
-**   (9)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
-**        aggregates.
+**   (9)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not be aggregate.
 **
 **  (**)  Restriction (10) was removed from the code on 2005-02-05 but we
 **        accidently carried the comment forward until 2014-09-15.  Original
-**        text: "The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query 
-**        does not use LIMIT."
+**        constraint: "If the subquery is aggregate then the outer query 
+**        may not use LIMIT."
 **
-**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
+**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query may not both have ORDER BY clauses.
 **
 **  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
 **        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
 **
-**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT.
+**  (13)  The subquery and outer query may not both use LIMIT.
 **
-**  (14)  The subquery does not use OFFSET.
+**  (14)  The subquery may not use OFFSET.
 **
-**  (15)  The outer query is not part of a compound select or the
-**        subquery does not have a LIMIT clause.
+**  (15)  If the outer query is part of a compound select, then the
+**        subquery may not use LIMIT.
 **        (See ticket #2339 and ticket [02a8e81d44]).
 **
-**  (16)  The outer query is not an aggregate or the subquery does
-**        not contain ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
+**  (16)  If the outer query is aggregate, then the subquery may not
+**        use ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
 **        until we introduced the group_concat() function.  
 **
-**  (17)  The sub-query is not a compound select, or it is a UNION ALL 
-**        compound clause made up entirely of non-aggregate queries, and 
-**        the parent query:
-**
-**          * is not itself part of a compound select,
-**          * is not an aggregate or DISTINCT query, and
-**          * is not a join
+**  (17)  If the subquery is a compound select, then
+**        (17a) all compound operators must be a UNION ALL, and
+**        (17b) no terms within the subquery compound may be aggregate
+**              or DISTINCT, and
+**        (17c) every term within the subquery compound must have a FROM clause
+**        (17d) the outer query may not be
+**              (17d1) aggregate, or
+**              (17d2) DISTINCT, or
+**              (17d3) a join.
 **
 **        The parent and sub-query may contain WHERE clauses. Subject to
 **        rules (11), (13) and (14), they may also contain ORDER BY,
@@ -120062,10 +122052,10 @@
 **        syntax error and return a detailed message.
 **
 **  (18)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then all terms of the
-**        ORDER by clause of the parent must be simple references to 
+**        ORDER BY clause of the parent must be simple references to 
 **        columns of the sub-query.
 **
-**  (19)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not
+**  (19)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not
 **        have a WHERE clause.
 **
 **  (20)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then it must not use
@@ -120074,17 +122064,19 @@
 **        appear as unmodified result columns in the outer query.  But we
 **        have other optimizations in mind to deal with that case.
 **
-**  (21)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not
+**  (21)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not be
 **        DISTINCT.  (See ticket [752e1646fc]).
 **
-**  (22)  The subquery is not a recursive CTE.
+**  (22)  The subquery may not be a recursive CTE.
 **
-**  (23)  The parent is not a recursive CTE, or the sub-query is not a
-**        compound query. This restriction is because transforming the
+**  (**)  Subsumed into restriction (17d3).  Was: If the outer query is
+**        a recursive CTE, then the sub-query may not be a compound query.
+**        This restriction is because transforming the
 **        parent to a compound query confuses the code that handles
 **        recursive queries in multiSelect().
 **
-**  (24)  The subquery is not an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or 
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries.  Was:
+**        The subquery may not be an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or 
 **        or max() functions.  (Without this restriction, a query like:
 **        "SELECT x FROM (SELECT max(y), x FROM t1)" would not necessarily
 **        return the value X for which Y was maximal.)
@@ -120092,7 +122084,7 @@
 **
 ** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
 ** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom].  isAgg is true if the outer query
-** uses aggregates and subqueryIsAgg is true if the subquery uses aggregates.
+** uses aggregates.
 **
 ** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.
 ** If flattening is attempted this routine returns 1.
@@ -120104,8 +122096,7 @@
   Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
   Select *p,           /* The parent or outer SELECT statement */
   int iFrom,           /* Index in p->pSrc->a[] of the inner subquery */
-  int isAgg,           /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
-  int subqueryIsAgg    /* True if the subquery uses aggregate functions */
+  int isAgg            /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
 ){
   const char *zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
   Select *pParent;    /* Current UNION ALL term of the other query */
@@ -120124,7 +122115,7 @@
   /* Check to see if flattening is permitted.  Return 0 if not.
   */
   assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( p->pPrior==0 );  /* Unable to flatten compound queries */
+  assert( p->pPrior==0 );
   if( OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener) ) return 0;
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
   assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
@@ -120132,16 +122123,6 @@
   iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
   pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
   assert( pSub!=0 );
-  if( subqueryIsAgg ){
-    if( isAgg ) return 0;                                /* Restriction (1)   */
-    if( pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;                         /* Restriction (2a)  */
-    if( (p->pWhere && ExprHasProperty(p->pWhere,EP_Subquery))
-     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pEList) & EP_Subquery)!=0
-     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pOrderBy) & EP_Subquery)!=0
-    ){
-      return 0;                                          /* Restriction (2b)  */
-    }
-  }
 
   pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
   assert( pSubSrc );
@@ -120151,18 +122132,15 @@
   ** became arbitrary expressions, we were forced to add restrictions (13)
   ** and (14). */
   if( pSub->pLimit && p->pLimit ) return 0;              /* Restriction (13) */
-  if( pSub->pOffset ) return 0;                          /* Restriction (14) */
+  if( pSub->pLimit && pSub->pLimit->pRight ) return 0;   /* Restriction (14) */
   if( (p->selFlags & SF_Compound)!=0 && pSub->pLimit ){
     return 0;                                            /* Restriction (15) */
   }
   if( pSubSrc->nSrc==0 ) return 0;                       /* Restriction (7)  */
-  if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct ) return 0;           /* Restriction (5)  */
+  if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct ) return 0;           /* Restriction (4)  */
   if( pSub->pLimit && (pSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg) ){
      return 0;         /* Restrictions (8)(9) */
   }
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 && subqueryIsAgg ){
-     return 0;         /* Restriction (6)  */
-  }
   if( p->pOrderBy && pSub->pOrderBy ){
      return 0;                                           /* Restriction (11) */
   }
@@ -120171,18 +122149,14 @@
   if( pSub->pLimit && (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 ){
      return 0;         /* Restriction (21) */
   }
-  testcase( pSub->selFlags & SF_Recursive );
-  testcase( pSub->selFlags & SF_MinMaxAgg );
-  if( pSub->selFlags & (SF_Recursive|SF_MinMaxAgg) ){
-    return 0; /* Restrictions (22) and (24) */
-  }
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive) && pSub->pPrior ){
-    return 0; /* Restriction (23) */
+  if( pSub->selFlags & (SF_Recursive) ){
+    return 0; /* Restrictions (22) */
   }
 
   /*
   ** If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, then the
-  ** subquery may not be a join itself.  Example of why this is not allowed:
+  ** subquery may not be a join itself (3a). Example of why this is not
+  ** allowed:
   **
   **         t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 JOIN t3)
   **
@@ -120193,54 +122167,56 @@
   ** which is not at all the same thing.
   **
   ** If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, then the outer
-  ** query cannot be an aggregate.  This is an artifact of the way aggregates
-  ** are processed - there is not mechanism to determine if the LEFT JOIN
-  ** table should be all-NULL.
+  ** query cannot be an aggregate. (3c)  This is an artifact of the way
+  ** aggregates are processed - there is no mechanism to determine if
+  ** the LEFT JOIN table should be all-NULL.
   **
   ** See also tickets #306, #350, and #3300.
   */
   if( (pSubitem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
     isLeftJoin = 1;
-    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg ){
-      return 0; /* Restriction (3) */
+    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg || IsVirtual(pSubSrc->a[0].pTab) ){
+      /*  (3a)             (3c)     (3b) */
+      return 0;
     }
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_IFNULLROW
   else if( iFrom>0 && !isAgg ){
     /* Setting isLeftJoin to -1 causes OP_IfNullRow opcodes to be generated for
-    ** every reference to any result column from subquery in a join, even though
-    ** they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow opcode. */
+    ** every reference to any result column from subquery in a join, even
+    ** though they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow 
+    ** opcode. */
     isLeftJoin = -1;
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Restriction 17: If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
+  /* Restriction (17): If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
   ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
   ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
   ** queries.
   */
   if( pSub->pPrior ){
     if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
-      return 0;  /* Restriction 20 */
+      return 0;  /* Restriction (20) */
     }
     if( isAgg || (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 || pSrc->nSrc!=1 ){
-      return 0;
+      return 0; /* (17d1), (17d2), or (17d3) */
     }
     for(pSub1=pSub; pSub1; pSub1=pSub1->pPrior){
       testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
       testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
       assert( pSub->pSrc!=0 );
       assert( pSub->pEList->nExpr==pSub1->pEList->nExpr );
-      if( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))!=0
-       || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL) 
-       || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc<1
+      if( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))!=0    /* (17b) */
+       || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL)                 /* (17a) */
+       || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc<1                                  /* (17c) */
       ){
         return 0;
       }
       testcase( pSub1->pSrc->nSrc>1 );
     }
 
-    /* Restriction 18. */
+    /* Restriction (18). */
     if( p->pOrderBy ){
       int ii;
       for(ii=0; ii<p->pOrderBy->nExpr; ii++){
@@ -120249,6 +122225,14 @@
     }
   }
 
+  /* Ex-restriction (23):
+  ** The only way that the recursive part of a CTE can contain a compound
+  ** subquery is for the subquery to be one term of a join.  But if the
+  ** subquery is a join, then the flattening has already been stopped by
+  ** restriction (17d3)
+  */
+  assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 || pSub->pPrior==0 );
+
   /***** If we reach this point, flattening is permitted. *****/
   SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("flatten %s.%p from term %d\n",
                    pSub->zSelName, pSub, iFrom));
@@ -120296,16 +122280,13 @@
     Select *pNew;
     ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
     Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
-    Expr *pOffset = p->pOffset;
     Select *pPrior = p->pPrior;
     p->pOrderBy = 0;
     p->pSrc = 0;
     p->pPrior = 0;
     p->pLimit = 0;
-    p->pOffset = 0;
     pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p, 0);
     sqlite3SelectSetName(pNew, pSub->zSelName);
-    p->pOffset = pOffset;
     p->pLimit = pLimit;
     p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
     p->pSrc = pSrc;
@@ -120461,18 +122442,7 @@
     if( isLeftJoin>0 ){
       setJoinExpr(pWhere, iNewParent);
     }
-    if( subqueryIsAgg ){
-      assert( pParent->pHaving==0 );
-      pParent->pHaving = pParent->pWhere;
-      pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
-      pParent->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, 
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pHaving, 0), pParent->pHaving
-      );
-      assert( pParent->pGroupBy==0 );
-      pParent->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pSub->pGroupBy, 0);
-    }else{
-      pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
-    }
+    pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
     if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
       SubstContext x;
       x.pParse = pParse;
@@ -120535,9 +122505,13 @@
 **
 ** Do not attempt this optimization if:
 **
-**   (1) The inner query is an aggregate.  (In that case, we'd really want
-**       to copy the outer WHERE-clause terms onto the HAVING clause of the
-**       inner query.  But they probably won't help there so do not bother.)
+**   (1) (** This restriction was removed on 2017-09-29.  We used to
+**           disallow this optimization for aggregate subqueries, but now
+**           it is allowed by putting the extra terms on the HAVING clause.
+**           The added HAVING clause is pointless if the subquery lacks
+**           a GROUP BY clause.  But such a HAVING clause is also harmless
+**           so there does not appear to be any reason to add extra logic
+**           to suppress it. **)
 **
 **   (2) The inner query is the recursive part of a common table expression.
 **
@@ -120562,16 +122536,22 @@
 ){
   Expr *pNew;
   int nChng = 0;
-  Select *pX;           /* For looping over compound SELECTs in pSubq */
   if( pWhere==0 ) return 0;
-  for(pX=pSubq; pX; pX=pX->pPrior){
-    if( (pX->selFlags & (SF_Aggregate|SF_Recursive))!=0 ){
-      testcase( pX->selFlags & SF_Aggregate );
-      testcase( pX->selFlags & SF_Recursive );
-      testcase( pX!=pSubq );
-      return 0; /* restrictions (1) and (2) */
+  if( pSubq->selFlags & SF_Recursive ) return 0;  /* restriction (2) */
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Only the first term of a compound can have a WITH clause.  But make
+  ** sure no other terms are marked SF_Recursive in case something changes
+  ** in the future.
+  */
+  {
+    Select *pX;  
+    for(pX=pSubq; pX; pX=pX->pPrior){
+      assert( (pX->selFlags & (SF_Recursive))==0 );
     }
   }
+#endif
+
   if( pSubq->pLimit!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restriction (3) */
   }
@@ -120579,7 +122559,7 @@
     nChng += pushDownWhereTerms(pParse, pSubq, pWhere->pRight, iCursor);
     pWhere = pWhere->pLeft;
   }
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pWhere,EP_FromJoin) ) return 0; /* restriction 5 */
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pWhere,EP_FromJoin) ) return 0; /* restriction (5) */
   if( sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pWhere, iCursor) ){
     nChng++;
     while( pSubq ){
@@ -120591,7 +122571,11 @@
       x.isLeftJoin = 0;
       x.pEList = pSubq->pEList;
       pNew = substExpr(&x, pNew);
-      pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
+      if( pSubq->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ){
+        pSubq->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pHaving, pNew);
+      }else{
+        pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
+      }
       pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;
     }
   }
@@ -120600,42 +122584,44 @@
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
 
 /*
-** Based on the contents of the AggInfo structure indicated by the first
-** argument, this function checks if the following are true:
+** The pFunc is the only aggregate function in the query.  Check to see
+** if the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization. 
 **
-**    * the query contains just a single aggregate function,
-**    * the aggregate function is either min() or max(), and
-**    * the argument to the aggregate function is a column value.
+** If the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then set
+** *ppMinMax to be an ORDER BY clause to be used for the optimization
+** and return either WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX depending on
+** whether pFunc is a min() or max() function.
 **
-** If all of the above are true, then WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX
-** is returned as appropriate. Also, *ppMinMax is set to point to the 
-** list of arguments passed to the aggregate before returning.
+** If the query is not a candidate for the min/max optimization, return
+** WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL (which must be zero).
 **
-** Or, if the conditions above are not met, *ppMinMax is set to 0 and
-** WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL is returned.
+** This routine must be called after aggregate functions have been
+** located but before their arguments have been subjected to aggregate
+** analysis.
 */
-static u8 minMaxQuery(AggInfo *pAggInfo, ExprList **ppMinMax){
-  int eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;          /* Return value */
+static u8 minMaxQuery(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pFunc, ExprList **ppMinMax){
+  int eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;      /* Return value */
+  ExprList *pEList = pFunc->x.pList;    /* Arguments to agg function */
+  const char *zFunc;                    /* Name of aggregate function pFunc */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy;
+  u8 sortOrder;
 
-  *ppMinMax = 0;
-  if( pAggInfo->nFunc==1 ){
-    Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pExpr; /* Aggregate function */
-    ExprList *pEList = pExpr->x.pList;      /* Arguments to agg function */
-
-    assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
-    if( pEList && pEList->nExpr==1 && pEList->a[0].pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ){
-      const char *zFunc = pExpr->u.zToken;
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "min")==0 ){
-        eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
-        *ppMinMax = pEList;
-      }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "max")==0 ){
-        eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;
-        *ppMinMax = pEList;
-      }
-    }
+  assert( *ppMinMax==0 );
+  assert( pFunc->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
+  if( pEList==0 || pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return eRet;
+  zFunc = pFunc->u.zToken;
+  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "min")==0 ){
+    eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
+    sortOrder = SQLITE_SO_ASC;
+  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "max")==0 ){
+    eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;
+    sortOrder = SQLITE_SO_DESC;
+  }else{
+    return eRet;
   }
-
-  assert( *ppMinMax==0 || (*ppMinMax)->nExpr==1 );
+  *ppMinMax = pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
+  assert( pOrderBy!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
+  if( pOrderBy ) pOrderBy->a[0].sortOrder = sortOrder;
   return eRet;
 }
 
@@ -120766,7 +122752,6 @@
   assert( pNew->pPrior!=0 );
   pNew->pPrior->pNext = pNew;
   pNew->pLimit = 0;
-  pNew->pOffset = 0;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -120919,7 +122904,8 @@
       );
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
-    assert( pTab->nTabRef==1 || ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nTabRef==2 ));
+    assert( pTab->nTabRef==1 || 
+            ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nTabRef==2 ));
 
     pCte->zCteErr = "circular reference: %s";
     pSavedWith = pParse->pWith;
@@ -120976,7 +122962,7 @@
 */
 static void selectPopWith(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
-  if( pParse->pWith && p->pPrior==0 ){
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(pParse->pWith) && p->pPrior==0 ){
     With *pWith = findRightmost(p)->pWith;
     if( pWith!=0 ){
       assert( pParse->pWith==pWith );
@@ -121021,17 +123007,19 @@
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   Expr *pE, *pRight, *pExpr;
   u16 selFlags = p->selFlags;
+  u32 elistFlags = 0;
 
   p->selFlags |= SF_Expanded;
   if( db->mallocFailed  ){
     return WRC_Abort;
   }
-  if( NEVER(p->pSrc==0) || (selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 ){
+  assert( p->pSrc!=0 );
+  if( (selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 ){
     return WRC_Prune;
   }
   pTabList = p->pSrc;
   pEList = p->pEList;
-  if( p->pWith ){
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p->pWith) ){
     sqlite3WithPush(pParse, p->pWith, 0);
   }
 
@@ -121063,7 +123051,11 @@
       pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
       if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
       pTab->nTabRef = 1;
-      pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_sq_%p", (void*)pTab);
+      if( pFrom->zAlias ){
+        pTab->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pFrom->zAlias);
+      }else{
+        pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "subquery_%p", (void*)pTab);
+      }
       while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
       sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList,&pTab->nCol,&pTab->aCol);
       pTab->iPKey = -1;
@@ -121129,6 +123121,7 @@
     assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || pE->pRight!=0 );
     assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || (pE->pLeft!=0 && pE->pLeft->op==TK_ID) );
     if( pE->op==TK_DOT && pE->pRight->op==TK_ASTERISK ) break;
+    elistFlags |= pE->flags;
   }
   if( k<pEList->nExpr ){
     /*
@@ -121144,6 +123137,7 @@
 
     for(k=0; k<pEList->nExpr; k++){
       pE = a[k].pExpr;
+      elistFlags |= pE->flags;
       pRight = pE->pRight;
       assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || pRight!=0 );
       if( pE->op!=TK_ASTERISK
@@ -121273,12 +123267,15 @@
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pEList);
     p->pEList = pNew;
   }
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-  if( p->pEList && p->pEList->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in result set");
-    return WRC_Abort;
+  if( p->pEList ){
+    if( p->pEList->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in result set");
+      return WRC_Abort;
+    }
+    if( (elistFlags & (EP_HasFunc|EP_Subquery))!=0 ){
+      p->selFlags |= SF_ComplexResult;
+    }
   }
-#endif
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -121297,6 +123294,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker for SELECT statements.
+** subquery in the parser tree.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Select *NotUsed2){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+#if SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Always assert.  This xSelectCallback2 implementation proves that the
+** xSelectCallback2 is never invoked.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker *NotUsed, Select *NotUsed2){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
+  assert( 0 );
+}
+#endif
+/*
 ** This routine "expands" a SELECT statement and all of its subqueries.
 ** For additional information on what it means to "expand" a SELECT
 ** statement, see the comment on the selectExpand worker callback above.
@@ -121311,11 +123327,11 @@
 */
 static void sqlite3SelectExpand(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
   w.pParse = pParse;
-  if( pParse->hasCompound ){
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(pParse->hasCompound) ){
     w.xSelectCallback = convertCompoundSelectToSubquery;
+    w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
     sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSelect);
   }
   w.xSelectCallback = selectExpander;
@@ -121375,7 +123391,7 @@
 static void sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
   w.xSelectCallback2 = selectAddSubqueryTypeInfo;
   w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
   w.pParse = pParse;
@@ -121401,15 +123417,13 @@
   Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
   NameContext *pOuterNC  /* Name context for container */
 ){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
+  assert( p!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+  if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
   if( p->selFlags & SF_HasTypeInfo ) return;
   sqlite3SelectExpand(pParse, p);
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+  if( pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
   sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, p, pOuterNC);
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+  if( pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
   sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(pParse, p);
 }
 
@@ -121669,7 +123683,9 @@
     if( pItem->zName==0 ) continue;
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zDatabase, pThis->zDatabase)!=0 ) continue;
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zName, pThis->zName)!=0 ) continue;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pItem->pSelect->pWhere, -1) ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, 
+          pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pItem->pSelect->pWhere, -1) 
+    ){
       /* The view was modified by some other optimization such as
       ** pushDownWhereTerms() */
       continue;
@@ -121679,6 +123695,88 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION
+/*
+** Attempt to transform a query of the form
+**
+**    SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT x FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT y FROM t2)
+**
+** Into this:
+**
+**    SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM t1)+(SELECT count(*) FROM t2)
+**
+** The transformation only works if all of the following are true:
+**
+**   *  The subquery is a UNION ALL of two or more terms
+**   *  There is no WHERE or GROUP BY or HAVING clauses on the subqueries
+**   *  The outer query is a simple count(*)
+**
+** Return TRUE if the optimization is undertaken.
+*/
+static int countOfViewOptimization(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
+  Select *pSub, *pPrior;
+  Expr *pExpr;
+  Expr *pCount;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 ) return 0;   /* This is an aggregate */
+  if( p->pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;               /* Single result column */
+  pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
+  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;        /* Result is an aggregate */
+  if( sqlite3_stricmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"count") ) return 0;  /* Is count() */
+  if( pExpr->x.pList!=0 ) return 0;                 /* Must be count(*) */
+  if( p->pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;                  /* One table in FROM  */
+  pSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect;
+  if( pSub==0 ) return 0;                           /* The FROM is a subquery */
+  if( pSub->pPrior==0 ) return 0;                   /* Must be a compound ry */
+  do{
+    if( pSub->op!=TK_ALL && pSub->pPrior ) return 0;  /* Must be UNION ALL */
+    if( pSub->pWhere ) return 0;                      /* No WHERE clause */
+    if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ) return 0;     /* Not an aggregate */
+    pSub = pSub->pPrior;                              /* Repeat over compound */
+  }while( pSub );
+
+  /* If we reach this point then it is OK to perform the transformation */
+
+  db = pParse->db;
+  pCount = pExpr;
+  pExpr = 0;
+  pSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect;
+  p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect = 0;
+  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, p->pSrc);
+  p->pSrc = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*p->pSrc));
+  while( pSub ){
+    Expr *pTerm;
+    pPrior = pSub->pPrior;
+    pSub->pPrior = 0;
+    pSub->pNext = 0;
+    pSub->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
+    pSub->selFlags &= ~SF_Compound;
+    pSub->nSelectRow = 0;
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pSub->pEList);
+    pTerm = pPrior ? sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCount, 0) : pCount;
+    pSub->pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pTerm);
+    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, pTerm, pSub);
+    if( pExpr==0 ){
+      pExpr = pTerm;
+    }else{
+      pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_PLUS, pTerm, pExpr);
+    }
+    pSub = pPrior;
+  }
+  p->pEList->a[0].pExpr = pExpr;
+  p->selFlags &= ~SF_Aggregate;
+
+#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
+  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+    SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After count-of-view optimization:\n"));
+    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
+  }
+#endif
+  return 1;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION */
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.  
 **
@@ -121712,6 +123810,8 @@
   AggInfo sAggInfo;      /* Information used by aggregate queries */
   int iEnd;              /* Address of the end of the query */
   sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */
+  ExprList *pMinMaxOrderBy = 0;  /* Added ORDER BY for min/max queries */
+  u8 minMaxFlag;                 /* Flag for min/max queries */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
   int iRestoreSelectId = pParse->iSelectId;
@@ -121777,7 +123877,6 @@
   for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
     Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
-    int isAggSub;
     Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
     if( pSub==0 ) continue;
 
@@ -121789,13 +123888,45 @@
       goto select_end;
     }
 
-    isAggSub = (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
-    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg, isAggSub) ){
+    /* Do not try to flatten an aggregate subquery.
+    **
+    ** Flattening an aggregate subquery is only possible if the outer query
+    ** is not a join.  But if the outer query is not a join, then the subquery
+    ** will be implemented as a co-routine and there is no advantage to
+    ** flattening in that case.
+    */
+    if( (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0 ) continue;
+    assert( pSub->pGroupBy==0 );
+
+    /* If the outer query contains a "complex" result set (that is,
+    ** if the result set of the outer query uses functions or subqueries)
+    ** and if the subquery contains an ORDER BY clause and if
+    ** it will be implemented as a co-routine, then do not flatten.  This
+    ** restriction allows SQL constructs like this:
+    **
+    **  SELECT expensive_function(x)
+    **    FROM (SELECT x FROM tab ORDER BY y LIMIT 10);
+    **
+    ** The expensive_function() is only computed on the 10 rows that
+    ** are output, rather than every row of the table.
+    **
+    ** The requirement that the outer query have a complex result set
+    ** means that flattening does occur on simpler SQL constraints without
+    ** the expensive_function() like:
+    **
+    **  SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tab ORDER BY y LIMIT 10);
+    */
+    if( pSub->pOrderBy!=0
+     && i==0
+     && (p->selFlags & SF_ComplexResult)!=0
+     && (pTabList->nSrc==1
+         || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0)
+    ){
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg) ){
       /* This subquery can be absorbed into its parent. */
-      if( isAggSub ){
-        isAgg = 1;
-        p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
-      }
       i = -1;
     }
     pTabList = p->pSrc;
@@ -121829,10 +123960,14 @@
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
     SelectDest dest;
     Select *pSub;
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
+    const char *zSavedAuthContext;
+#endif
 
-    /* Issue SQLITE_READ authorizations with a fake column name for any tables that
-    ** are referenced but from which no values are extracted. Examples of where these
-    ** kinds of null SQLITE_READ authorizations would occur:
+    /* Issue SQLITE_READ authorizations with a fake column name for any
+    ** tables that are referenced but from which no values are extracted.
+    ** Examples of where these kinds of null SQLITE_READ authorizations
+    ** would occur:
     **
     **     SELECT count(*) FROM t1;   -- SQLITE_READ t1.""
     **     SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2;   -- SQLITE_READ t2.""
@@ -121840,10 +123975,10 @@
     ** The fake column name is an empty string.  It is possible for a table to
     ** have a column named by the empty string, in which case there is no way to
     ** distinguish between an unreferenced table and an actual reference to the
-    ** "" column.  The original design was for the fake column name to be a NULL,
+    ** "" column. The original design was for the fake column name to be a NULL,
     ** which would be unambiguous.  But legacy authorization callbacks might
-    ** assume the column name is non-NULL and segfault.  The use of an empty string
-    ** for the fake column name seems safer.
+    ** assume the column name is non-NULL and segfault.  The use of an empty
+    ** string for the fake column name seems safer.
     */
     if( pItem->colUsed==0 ){
       sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_READ, pItem->zName, "", pItem->zDatabase);
@@ -121895,16 +124030,14 @@
 #endif
     }
 
+    zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
+    pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
+
     /* Generate code to implement the subquery
     **
-    ** The subquery is implemented as a co-routine if all of these are true:
-    **   (1)  The subquery is guaranteed to be the outer loop (so that it
-    **        does not need to be computed more than once)
-    **   (2)  The ALL keyword after SELECT is omitted.  (Applications are
-    **        allowed to say "SELECT ALL" instead of just "SELECT" to disable
-    **        the use of co-routines.)
-    **   (3)  Co-routines are not disabled using sqlite3_test_control()
-    **        with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS.
+    ** The subquery is implemented as a co-routine if the subquery is
+    ** guaranteed to be the outer loop (so that it does not need to be
+    ** computed more than once)
     **
     ** TODO: Are there other reasons beside (1) to use a co-routine
     ** implementation?
@@ -121912,13 +124045,12 @@
     if( i==0
      && (pTabList->nSrc==1
             || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0)  /* (1) */
-     && (p->selFlags & SF_All)==0                                   /* (2) */
-     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SubqCoroutine)               /* (3) */
     ){
       /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
       ** set on each invocation.
       */
       int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
+     
       pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
       VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
@@ -121959,6 +124091,9 @@
       pPrior = isSelfJoinView(pTabList, pItem);
       if( pPrior ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pItem->iCursor, pPrior->iCursor);
+        explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, pPrior->iSelectId);
+        assert( pPrior->pSelect!=0 );
+        pSub->nSelectRow = pPrior->pSelect->nSelectRow;
       }else{
         sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
         explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
@@ -121973,6 +124108,7 @@
     }
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
     pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
+    pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
 #endif
   }
 
@@ -121991,6 +124127,16 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION
+  if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener|SQLITE_CountOfView)
+   && countOfViewOptimization(pParse, p)
+  ){
+    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
+    pEList = p->pEList;
+    pTabList = p->pSrc;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
   ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
   ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:
@@ -122110,7 +124256,8 @@
     }
 
     /* Use the standard inner loop. */
-    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
+    assert( p->pEList==pEList );
+    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
                     sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pWInfo),
                     sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));
 
@@ -122190,6 +124337,11 @@
       sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
     }
     sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
+    if( p->pGroupBy==0 && p->pHaving==0 && sAggInfo.nFunc==1 ){
+      minMaxFlag = minMaxQuery(db, sAggInfo.aFunc[0].pExpr, &pMinMaxOrderBy);
+    }else{
+      minMaxFlag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
+    }
     for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
       sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
@@ -122198,6 +124350,24 @@
     }
     sAggInfo.mxReg = pParse->nMem;
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
+#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
+    if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+      int ii;
+      SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After aggregate analysis:\n"));
+      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
+      for(ii=0; ii<sAggInfo.nColumn; ii++){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-column[%d] iMem=%d\n",
+            ii, sAggInfo.aCol[ii].iMem);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, sAggInfo.aCol[ii].pExpr, 0);
+      }
+      for(ii=0; ii<sAggInfo.nFunc; ii++){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-func[%d]: iMem=%d\n",
+            ii, sAggInfo.aFunc[ii].iMem);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, sAggInfo.aFunc[ii].pExpr, 0);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
 
     /* Processing for aggregates with GROUP BY is very different and
     ** much more complex than aggregates without a GROUP BY.
@@ -122413,7 +124583,7 @@
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
       finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, &sSort,
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort,
                       &sDistinct, pDest,
                       addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
@@ -122427,7 +124597,6 @@
      
     } /* endif pGroupBy.  Begin aggregate queries without GROUP BY: */
     else {
-      ExprList *pDel = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
       Table *pTab;
       if( (pTab = isSimpleCount(p, &sAggInfo))!=0 ){
@@ -122489,67 +124658,31 @@
       }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
       {
-        /* Check if the query is of one of the following forms:
-        **
-        **   SELECT min(x) FROM ...
-        **   SELECT max(x) FROM ...
-        **
-        ** If it is, then ask the code in where.c to attempt to sort results
-        ** as if there was an "ORDER ON x" or "ORDER ON x DESC" clause. 
-        ** If where.c is able to produce results sorted in this order, then
-        ** add vdbe code to break out of the processing loop after the 
-        ** first iteration (since the first iteration of the loop is 
-        ** guaranteed to operate on the row with the minimum or maximum 
-        ** value of x, the only row required).
-        **
-        ** A special flag must be passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() to slightly
-        ** modify behavior as follows:
-        **
-        **   + If the query is a "SELECT min(x)", then the loop coded by
-        **     where.c should not iterate over any values with a NULL value
-        **     for x.
-        **
-        **   + The optimizer code in where.c (the thing that decides which
-        **     index or indices to use) should place a different priority on 
-        **     satisfying the 'ORDER BY' clause than it does in other cases.
-        **     Refer to code and comments in where.c for details.
-        */
-        ExprList *pMinMax = 0;
-        u8 flag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
-        
-        assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
-        assert( flag==0 );
-        if( p->pHaving==0 ){
-          flag = minMaxQuery(&sAggInfo, &pMinMax);
-        }
-        assert( flag==0 || (pMinMax!=0 && pMinMax->nExpr==1) );
-
-        if( flag ){
-          pMinMax = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pMinMax, 0);
-          pDel = pMinMax;
-          assert( db->mallocFailed || pMinMax!=0 );
-          if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-            pMinMax->a[0].sortOrder = flag!=WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN ?1:0;
-            pMinMax->a[0].pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
-          }
-        }
-  
         /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The
         ** processing is much simpler since there is only a single row
         ** of output.
         */
+        assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
         resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMax, 0,flag,0);
+
+        /* If this query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then
+        ** minMaxFlag will have been previously set to either
+        ** WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX and pMinMaxOrderBy will
+        ** be an appropriate ORDER BY expression for the optimization.
+        */
+        assert( minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL || pMinMaxOrderBy!=0 );
+        assert( pMinMaxOrderBy==0 || pMinMaxOrderBy->nExpr==1 );
+
+        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMaxOrderBy,
+                                   0, minMaxFlag, 0);
         if( pWInfo==0 ){
-          sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
           goto select_end;
         }
         updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-        assert( pMinMax==0 || pMinMax->nExpr==1 );
         if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)>0 ){
           sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));
           VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index",
-                (flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
+                (minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
         }
         sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
         finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
@@ -122557,9 +124690,8 @@
 
       sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, 0, 0, 
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0, 
                       pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd);
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrEnd);
     
@@ -122591,7 +124723,7 @@
   */
 select_end:
   explainSetInteger(pParse->iSelectId, iRestoreSelectId);
-
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pMinMaxOrderBy);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aCol);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
@@ -122831,6 +124963,7 @@
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTmp->pExprList);
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTmp->pSelect);
     sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTmp->pIdList);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp->zSpan);
 
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
   }
@@ -123112,6 +125245,7 @@
     if( v==0 ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
     sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
     z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pAll->z, pAll->n);
+    testcase( z==0 );
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
        db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, zName,
@@ -123145,13 +125279,29 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Duplicate a range of text from an SQL statement, then convert all
+** whitespace characters into ordinary space characters.
+*/
+static char *triggerSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
+  char *z = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
+  int i;
+  if( z ) for(i=0; z[i]; i++) if( sqlite3Isspace(z[i]) ) z[i] = ' ';
+  return z;
+}    
+
+/*
 ** Turn a SELECT statement (that the pSelect parameter points to) into
 ** a trigger step.  Return a pointer to a TriggerStep structure.
 **
 ** The parser calls this routine when it finds a SELECT statement in
 ** body of a TRIGGER.  
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3 *db, Select *pSelect){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(
+  sqlite3 *db,                /* Database connection */
+  Select *pSelect,            /* The SELECT statement */
+  const char *zStart,         /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd            /* End of SQL text */
+){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerStep));
   if( pTriggerStep==0 ) {
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
@@ -123160,6 +125310,7 @@
   pTriggerStep->op = TK_SELECT;
   pTriggerStep->pSelect = pSelect;
   pTriggerStep->orconf = OE_Default;
+  pTriggerStep->zSpan = triggerSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
   return pTriggerStep;
 }
 
@@ -123172,7 +125323,9 @@
 static TriggerStep *triggerStepAllocate(
   sqlite3 *db,                /* Database connection */
   u8 op,                      /* Trigger opcode */
-  Token *pName                /* The target name */
+  Token *pName,               /* The target name */
+  const char *zStart,         /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd            /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
@@ -123183,6 +125336,7 @@
     sqlite3Dequote(z);
     pTriggerStep->zTarget = z;
     pTriggerStep->op = op;
+    pTriggerStep->zSpan = triggerSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
   }
   return pTriggerStep;
 }
@@ -123199,13 +125353,15 @@
   Token *pTableName,  /* Name of the table into which we insert */
   IdList *pColumn,    /* List of columns in pTableName to insert into */
   Select *pSelect,    /* A SELECT statement that supplies values */
-  u8 orconf           /* The conflict algorithm (OE_Abort, OE_Replace, etc.) */
+  u8 orconf,          /* The conflict algorithm (OE_Abort, OE_Replace, etc.) */
+  const char *zStart, /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd    /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
   assert(pSelect != 0 || db->mallocFailed);
 
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_INSERT, pTableName);
+  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_INSERT, pTableName, zStart, zEnd);
   if( pTriggerStep ){
     pTriggerStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     pTriggerStep->pIdList = pColumn;
@@ -123228,11 +125384,13 @@
   Token *pTableName,   /* Name of the table to be updated */
   ExprList *pEList,    /* The SET clause: list of column and new values */
   Expr *pWhere,        /* The WHERE clause */
-  u8 orconf            /* The conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc) */
+  u8 orconf,           /* The conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc) */
+  const char *zStart,  /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd     /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_UPDATE, pTableName);
+  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_UPDATE, pTableName, zStart, zEnd);
   if( pTriggerStep ){
     pTriggerStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
@@ -123251,11 +125409,13 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database connection */
   Token *pTableName,      /* The table from which rows are deleted */
-  Expr *pWhere            /* The WHERE clause */
+  Expr *pWhere,           /* The WHERE clause */
+  const char *zStart,     /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd        /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_DELETE, pTableName);
+  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_DELETE, pTableName, zStart, zEnd);
   if( pTriggerStep ){
     pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     pTriggerStep->orconf = OE_Default;
@@ -123390,7 +125550,7 @@
       *pp = (*pp)->pNext;
     }
     sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pTrigger);
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   }
 }
 
@@ -123510,13 +125670,21 @@
     pParse->eOrconf = (orconf==OE_Default)?pStep->orconf:(u8)orconf;
     assert( pParse->okConstFactor==0 );
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
+    if( pStep->zSpan ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Trace, 0x7fffffff, 1, 0,
+                        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- %s", pStep->zSpan),
+                        P4_DYNAMIC);
+    }
+#endif
+
     switch( pStep->op ){
       case TK_UPDATE: {
         sqlite3Update(pParse, 
           targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
           sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
           sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 
-          pParse->eOrconf
+          pParse->eOrconf, 0, 0
         );
         break;
       }
@@ -123532,7 +125700,7 @@
       case TK_DELETE: {
         sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, 
           targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0)
+          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 0, 0
         );
         break;
       }
@@ -123650,9 +125818,11 @@
       pTab->zName
     ));
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
-      sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
-    );
+    if( pTrigger->zName ){
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
+        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
+      );
+    }
 #endif
 
     /* If one was specified, code the WHEN clause. If it evaluates to false
@@ -123680,7 +125850,7 @@
     VdbeComment((v, "End: %s.%s", pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf)));
 
     transferParseError(pParse, pSubParse);
-    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
+    if( db->mallocFailed==0 && pParse->nErr==0 ){
       pProgram->aOp = sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(v, &pProgram->nOp, &pTop->nMaxArg);
     }
     pProgram->nMem = pSubParse->nMem;
@@ -123999,7 +126169,9 @@
   SrcList *pTabList,     /* The table in which we should change things */
   ExprList *pChanges,    /* Things to be changed */
   Expr *pWhere,          /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
-  int onError            /* How to handle constraint errors */
+  int onError,           /* How to handle constraint errors */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,    /* ORDER BY clause. May be null */
+  Expr *pLimit           /* LIMIT clause. May be null */
 ){
   int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
   Table *pTab;           /* The table to be updated */
@@ -124084,6 +126256,16 @@
 # define isView 0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  if( !isView ){
+    pWhere = sqlite3LimitWhere(
+        pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, "UPDATE"
+    );
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
   if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
     goto update_cleanup;
   }
@@ -124252,7 +126434,11 @@
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
   if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iDataCur);
+    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 
+        pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, iDataCur
+    );
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -124636,6 +126822,10 @@
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pChanges);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) 
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLimit);
+#endif
   return;
 }
 /* Make sure "isView" and other macros defined above are undefined. Otherwise
@@ -124695,7 +126885,7 @@
   int bOnePass;                   /* True to use onepass strategy */
   int addr;                       /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
 
-  /* Allocate nArg registers to martial the arguments to VUpdate. Then
+  /* Allocate nArg registers in which to gather the arguments for VUpdate. Then
   ** create and open the ephemeral table in which the records created from
   ** these arguments will be temporarily stored. */
   assert( v );
@@ -124711,19 +126901,31 @@
   if( pWInfo==0 ) return;
 
   /* Populate the argument registers. */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
-  if( pRowid ){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg+1);
-  }
   for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
     if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
       sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, regArg+2+i);
     }else{
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, i, regArg+2+i);
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1); /* Enable sqlite3_vtab_nochange() */
     }
   }
+  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
+    if( pRowid ){
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg+1);
+    }
+  }else{
+    Index *pPk;   /* PRIMARY KEY index */
+    i16 iPk;      /* PRIMARY KEY column */
+    pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+    assert( pPk!=0 );
+    assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
+    iPk = pPk->aiColumn[0];
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, iPk, regArg);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regArg+2+iPk, regArg+1);
+  }
 
   bOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aDummy);
 
@@ -124739,6 +126941,11 @@
     /* Create a record from the argument register contents and insert it into
     ** the ephemeral table. */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regArg, nArg, regRec);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    /* Signal an assert() within OP_MakeRecord that it is allowed to
+    ** accept no-change records with serial_type 10 */
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC);
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, ephemTab, regRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, ephemTab, regRec, regRowid);
   }
@@ -124908,7 +127115,8 @@
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Return code from service routines */
   Btree *pMain;           /* The database being vacuumed */
   Btree *pTemp;           /* The temporary database we vacuum into */
-  int saved_flags;        /* Saved value of the db->flags */
+  u16 saved_mDbFlags;     /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
+  u32 saved_flags;        /* Saved value of db->flags */
   int saved_nChange;      /* Saved value of db->nChange */
   int saved_nTotalChange; /* Saved value of db->nTotalChange */
   u8 saved_mTrace;        /* Saved trace settings */
@@ -124931,11 +127139,12 @@
   ** restored before returning. Then set the writable-schema flag, and
   ** disable CHECK and foreign key constraints.  */
   saved_flags = db->flags;
+  saved_mDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
   saved_nChange = db->nChange;
   saved_nTotalChange = db->nTotalChange;
   saved_mTrace = db->mTrace;
-  db->flags |= (SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks
-                 | SQLITE_PreferBuiltin | SQLITE_Vacuum);
+  db->flags |= SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin | DBFLAG_Vacuum;
   db->flags &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys | SQLITE_ReverseOrder | SQLITE_CountRows);
   db->mTrace = 0;
 
@@ -124979,7 +127188,7 @@
     extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
     int nKey;
     char *zKey;
-    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, 0, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
+    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, iDb, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
     if( nKey ) db->nextPagesize = 0;
   }
 #endif
@@ -125046,8 +127255,8 @@
       "WHERE type='table'AND coalesce(rootpage,1)>0",
       zDbMain
   );
-  assert( (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)!=0 );
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_Vacuum;
+  assert( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0 );
+  db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_Vacuum;
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
 
   /* Copy the triggers, views, and virtual tables from the main database
@@ -125115,6 +127324,7 @@
 end_of_vacuum:
   /* Restore the original value of db->flags */
   db->init.iDb = 0;
+  db->mDbFlags = saved_mDbFlags;
   db->flags = saved_flags;
   db->nChange = saved_nChange;
   db->nTotalChange = saved_nTotalChange;
@@ -125191,8 +127401,10 @@
 ){
   Module *pMod;
   int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  pMod = (Module *)sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
-  if( pMod ){
+  pMod = (Module *)sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
+  if( pMod==0 ){
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  }else{
     Module *pDel;
     char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
     memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
@@ -125667,13 +127879,14 @@
     }
   }
 
-  zModuleName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", pTab->zName);
+  zModuleName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName);
   if( !zModuleName ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
-  pVTable = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(VTable));
+  pVTable = sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(VTable));
   if( !pVTable ){
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zModuleName);
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
@@ -125793,6 +128006,7 @@
     rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pMod->pModule->xConnect, &zErr);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", zErr);
+      pParse->rc = rc;
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
   }
@@ -125882,10 +128096,10 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
   VtabCtx *pCtx;
-  Parse *pParse;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Table *pTab;
   char *zErr = 0;
+  Parse sParse;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zCreateTable==0 ){
@@ -125902,55 +128116,55 @@
   pTab = pCtx->pTab;
   assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
 
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( pParse==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  }else{
-    pParse->declareVtab = 1;
-    pParse->db = db;
-    pParse->nQueryLoop = 1;
-  
-    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zCreateTable, &zErr) 
-     && pParse->pNewTable
-     && !db->mallocFailed
-     && !pParse->pNewTable->pSelect
-     && !IsVirtual(pParse->pNewTable)
-    ){
-      if( !pTab->aCol ){
-        Table *pNew = pParse->pNewTable;
-        Index *pIdx;
-        pTab->aCol = pNew->aCol;
-        pTab->nCol = pNew->nCol;
-        pTab->tabFlags |= pNew->tabFlags & (TF_WithoutRowid|TF_NoVisibleRowid);
-        pNew->nCol = 0;
-        pNew->aCol = 0;
-        assert( pTab->pIndex==0 );
-        if( !HasRowid(pNew) && pCtx->pVTable->pMod->pModule->xUpdate!=0 ){
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-        }
-        pIdx = pNew->pIndex;
-        if( pIdx ){
-          assert( pIdx->pNext==0 );
-          pTab->pIndex = pIdx;
-          pNew->pIndex = 0;
-          pIdx->pTable = pTab;
-        }
+  memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(sParse));
+  sParse.declareVtab = 1;
+  sParse.db = db;
+  sParse.nQueryLoop = 1;
+  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zCreateTable, &zErr) 
+   && sParse.pNewTable
+   && !db->mallocFailed
+   && !sParse.pNewTable->pSelect
+   && !IsVirtual(sParse.pNewTable)
+  ){
+    if( !pTab->aCol ){
+      Table *pNew = sParse.pNewTable;
+      Index *pIdx;
+      pTab->aCol = pNew->aCol;
+      pTab->nCol = pNew->nCol;
+      pTab->tabFlags |= pNew->tabFlags & (TF_WithoutRowid|TF_NoVisibleRowid);
+      pNew->nCol = 0;
+      pNew->aCol = 0;
+      assert( pTab->pIndex==0 );
+      assert( HasRowid(pNew) || sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pNew)!=0 );
+      if( !HasRowid(pNew)
+       && pCtx->pVTable->pMod->pModule->xUpdate!=0
+       && sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pNew)->nKeyCol!=1
+      ){
+        /* WITHOUT ROWID virtual tables must either be read-only (xUpdate==0)
+        ** or else must have a single-column PRIMARY KEY */
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       }
-      pCtx->bDeclared = 1;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      pIdx = pNew->pIndex;
+      if( pIdx ){
+        assert( pIdx->pNext==0 );
+        pTab->pIndex = pIdx;
+        pNew->pIndex = 0;
+        pIdx->pTable = pTab;
+      }
     }
-    pParse->declareVtab = 0;
-  
-    if( pParse->pVdbe ){
-      sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
-    }
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pParse->pNewTable);
-    sqlite3ParserReset(pParse);
-    sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
+    pCtx->bDeclared = 1;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
+  sParse.declareVtab = 0;
+
+  if( sParse.pVdbe ){
+    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
+  }
+  sqlite3DeleteTable(db, sParse.pNewTable);
+  sqlite3ParserReset(&sParse);
 
   assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
@@ -126697,6 +128911,7 @@
 #define TERM_LIKECOND   0x200  /* Conditionally this LIKE operator term */
 #define TERM_LIKE       0x400  /* The original LIKE operator */
 #define TERM_IS         0x800  /* Term.pExpr is an IS operator */
+#define TERM_VARSELECT  0x1000 /* Term.pExpr contains a correlated sub-query */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the WhereScan object is used as an iterator for locating
@@ -126786,6 +129001,7 @@
 ** no gaps.
 */
 struct WhereMaskSet {
+  int bVarSelect;               /* Used by sqlite3WhereExprUsage() */
   int n;                        /* Number of assigned cursor values */
   int ix[BMS];                  /* Cursor assigned to each bit */
 };
@@ -126926,7 +129142,6 @@
 **     WO_LE    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE
 **     WO_GT    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT
 **     WO_GE    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE
-**     WO_MATCH == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
 */
 #define WO_IN     0x0001
 #define WO_EQ     0x0002
@@ -126934,7 +129149,7 @@
 #define WO_LE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_LE-TK_EQ))
 #define WO_GT     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GT-TK_EQ))
 #define WO_GE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GE-TK_EQ))
-#define WO_MATCH  0x0040
+#define WO_AUX    0x0040       /* Op useful to virtual tables only */
 #define WO_IS     0x0080
 #define WO_ISNULL 0x0100
 #define WO_OR     0x0200       /* Two or more OR-connected terms */
@@ -127081,7 +129296,7 @@
 ){
   int ret = 0;
 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
-  if( pParse->explain==2 )
+  if( sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->explain==2 )
 #endif
   {
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
@@ -127247,8 +129462,8 @@
 */
 static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
   int nLoop = 0;
-  while( ALWAYS(pTerm!=0)
-      && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0
+  assert( pTerm!=0 );
+  while( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0
       && (pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 || ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
       && (pLevel->notReady & pTerm->prereqAll)==0
   ){
@@ -127259,6 +129474,7 @@
     }
     if( pTerm->iParent<0 ) break;
     pTerm = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
+    assert( pTerm!=0 );
     pTerm->nChild--;
     if( pTerm->nChild!=0 ) break;
     nLoop++;
@@ -127329,6 +129545,102 @@
   }
 }
 
+
+/*
+** pX is an expression of the form:  (vector) IN (SELECT ...)
+** In other words, it is a vector IN operator with a SELECT clause on the
+** LHS.  But not all terms in the vector are indexable and the terms might
+** not be in the correct order for indexing.
+**
+** This routine makes a copy of the input pX expression and then adjusts
+** the vector on the LHS with corresponding changes to the SELECT so that
+** the vector contains only index terms and those terms are in the correct
+** order.  The modified IN expression is returned.  The caller is responsible
+** for deleting the returned expression.
+**
+** Example:
+**
+**    CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d,e,f);
+**    CREATE INDEX t1x1 ON t1(e,c);
+**    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (a,b,c,d,e) IN (SELECT v,w,x,y,z FROM t2)
+**                           \_______________________________________/
+**                                     The pX expression
+**
+** Since only columns e and c can be used with the index, in that order,
+** the modified IN expression that is returned will be:
+**
+**        (e,c) IN (SELECT z,x FROM t2)
+**
+** The reduced pX is different from the original (obviously) and thus is
+** only used for indexing, to improve performance.  The original unaltered
+** IN expression must also be run on each output row for correctness.
+*/
+static Expr *removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* The parsing context */
+  int iEq,              /* Look at loop terms starting here */
+  WhereLoop *pLoop,     /* The current loop */
+  Expr *pX              /* The IN expression to be reduced */
+){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);
+  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
+    ExprList *pOrigRhs = pNew->x.pSelect->pEList;  /* Original unmodified RHS */
+    ExprList *pOrigLhs = pNew->pLeft->x.pList;     /* Original unmodified LHS */
+    ExprList *pRhs = 0;         /* New RHS after modifications */
+    ExprList *pLhs = 0;         /* New LHS after mods */
+    int i;                      /* Loop counter */
+    Select *pSelect;            /* Pointer to the SELECT on the RHS */
+
+    for(i=iEq; i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
+      if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
+        int iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->iField - 1;
+        assert( pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
+        pRhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pRhs, pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr);
+        pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
+        assert( pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
+        pLhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pLhs, pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr);
+        pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrigRhs);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrigLhs);
+    pNew->pLeft->x.pList = pLhs;
+    pNew->x.pSelect->pEList = pRhs;
+    if( pLhs && pLhs->nExpr==1 ){
+      /* Take care here not to generate a TK_VECTOR containing only a
+      ** single value. Since the parser never creates such a vector, some
+      ** of the subroutines do not handle this case.  */
+      Expr *p = pLhs->a[0].pExpr;
+      pLhs->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pNew->pLeft);
+      pNew->pLeft = p;
+    }
+    pSelect = pNew->x.pSelect;
+    if( pSelect->pOrderBy ){
+      /* If the SELECT statement has an ORDER BY clause, zero the 
+      ** iOrderByCol variables. These are set to non-zero when an 
+      ** ORDER BY term exactly matches one of the terms of the 
+      ** result-set. Since the result-set of the SELECT statement may
+      ** have been modified or reordered, these variables are no longer 
+      ** set correctly.  Since setting them is just an optimization, 
+      ** it's easiest just to zero them here.  */
+      ExprList *pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
+      for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
+        pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    printf("For indexing, change the IN expr:\n");
+    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pX, 0);
+    printf("Into:\n");
+    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pNew, 0);
+#endif
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
 ** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
@@ -127391,68 +129703,23 @@
       }
     }
     for(i=iEq;i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
-      if( ALWAYS(pLoop->aLTerm[i]) && pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ) nEq++;
+      assert( pLoop->aLTerm[i]!=0 );
+      if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ) nEq++;
     }
 
     if( (pX->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 || pX->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr==1 ){
       eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, 0);
     }else{
-      Select *pSelect = pX->x.pSelect;
       sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-      u16 savedDbOptFlags = db->dbOptFlags;
-      ExprList *pOrigRhs = pSelect->pEList;
-      ExprList *pOrigLhs = pX->pLeft->x.pList;
-      ExprList *pRhs = 0;         /* New Select.pEList for RHS */
-      ExprList *pLhs = 0;         /* New pX->pLeft vector */
+      pX = removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(pParse, iEq, pLoop, pX);
 
-      for(i=iEq;i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
-        if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
-          int iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->iField - 1;
-          Expr *pNewRhs = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr, 0);
-          Expr *pNewLhs = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr, 0);
-
-          pRhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pRhs, pNewRhs);
-          pLhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pLhs, pNewLhs);
-        }
-      }
       if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-        Expr *pLeft = pX->pLeft;
-
-        if( pSelect->pOrderBy ){
-          /* If the SELECT statement has an ORDER BY clause, zero the 
-          ** iOrderByCol variables. These are set to non-zero when an 
-          ** ORDER BY term exactly matches one of the terms of the 
-          ** result-set. Since the result-set of the SELECT statement may
-          ** have been modified or reordered, these variables are no longer 
-          ** set correctly.  Since setting them is just an optimization, 
-          ** it's easiest just to zero them here.  */
-          ExprList *pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
-          for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
-            pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol = 0;
-          }
-        }
-
-        /* Take care here not to generate a TK_VECTOR containing only a
-        ** single value. Since the parser never creates such a vector, some
-        ** of the subroutines do not handle this case.  */
-        if( pLhs->nExpr==1 ){
-          pX->pLeft = pLhs->a[0].pExpr;
-        }else{
-          pLeft->x.pList = pLhs;
-          aiMap = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int) * nEq);
-          testcase( aiMap==0 );
-        }
-        pSelect->pEList = pRhs;
-        db->dbOptFlags |= SQLITE_QueryFlattener;
+        aiMap = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int)*nEq);
         eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, aiMap);
-        db->dbOptFlags = savedDbOptFlags;
-        testcase( aiMap!=0 && aiMap[0]!=0 );
-        pSelect->pEList = pOrigRhs;
-        pLeft->x.pList = pOrigLhs;
-        pX->pLeft = pLeft;
+        pTerm->pExpr->iTable = pX->iTable;
       }
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pRhs);
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pX);
+      pX = pTerm->pExpr;
     }
 
     if( eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC ){
@@ -127747,7 +130014,7 @@
     pWalker->eCode = 1;
   }else if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
     int d1;
-    char d2[3];
+    char d2[4];
     if( 0==sqlite3IsLikeFunction(pWalker->pParse->db, pExpr, &d1, d2) ){
       pWalker->eCode = 1;
     }
@@ -127919,10 +130186,10 @@
 **
 ** Normally, this is just:
 **
-**   OP_Seek $iCur $iRowid
+**   OP_DeferredSeek $iCur $iRowid
 **
 ** However, if the scan currently being coded is a branch of an OR-loop and
-** the statement currently being coded is a SELECT, then P3 of the OP_Seek
+** the statement currently being coded is a SELECT, then P3 of OP_DeferredSeek
 ** is set to iIdxCur and P4 is set to point to an array of integers
 ** containing one entry for each column of the table cursor iCur is open 
 ** on. For each table column, if the column is the i'th column of the 
@@ -127941,7 +130208,7 @@
   assert( iIdxCur>0 );
   assert( pIdx->aiColumn[pIdx->nColumn-1]==-1 );
   
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Seek, iIdxCur, 0, iCur);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_DeferredSeek, iIdxCur, 0, iCur);
   if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)
    && DbMaskAllZero(sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->writeMask)
   ){
@@ -127970,7 +130237,7 @@
 */
 static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
   assert( nReg>0 );
-  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){
+  if( p && sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     if( (p->flags & EP_xIsSelect) ){
       Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -128011,7 +130278,7 @@
 */
 static int whereIndexExprTransNode(Walker *p, Expr *pExpr){
   IdxExprTrans *pX = p->u.pIdxTrans;
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr, pX->pIdxExpr, pX->iTabCur)==0 ){
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pX->pIdxExpr, pX->iTabCur)==0 ){
     pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
     pExpr->iTable = pX->iIdxCur;
     pExpr->iColumn = pX->iIdxCol;
@@ -128023,9 +130290,9 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** For an indexes on expression X, locate every instance of expression X in pExpr
-** and change that subexpression into a reference to the appropriate column of
-** the index.
+** For an indexes on expression X, locate every instance of expression X
+** in pExpr and change that subexpression into a reference to the appropriate
+** column of the index.
 */
 static void whereIndexExprTrans(
   Index *pIdx,      /* The Index */
@@ -128083,7 +130350,7 @@
   int iRowidReg = 0;        /* Rowid is stored in this register, if not zero */
   int iReleaseReg = 0;      /* Temp register to free before returning */
   Index *pIdx = 0;          /* Index used by loop (if any) */
-  int loopAgain;            /* True if constraint generator loop should repeat */
+  int iLoop;                /* Iteration of constraint generator loop */
 
   pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
   v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -128591,6 +130858,7 @@
       }
     }else if( bStopAtNull ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
+      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
       endEq = 0;
       nConstraint++;
     }
@@ -128978,13 +131246,20 @@
   /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
   ** computed using the current set of tables.
   **
-  ** This loop may run either once (pIdx==0) or twice (pIdx!=0). If
-  ** it is run twice, then the first iteration codes those sub-expressions
-  ** that can be computed using columns from pIdx only (without seeking
-  ** the main table cursor). 
+  ** This loop may run between one and three times, depending on the
+  ** constraints to be generated. The value of stack variable iLoop
+  ** determines the constraints coded by each iteration, as follows:
+  **
+  ** iLoop==1: Code only expressions that are entirely covered by pIdx.
+  ** iLoop==2: Code remaining expressions that do not contain correlated
+  **           sub-queries.  
+  ** iLoop==3: Code all remaining expressions.
+  **
+  ** An effort is made to skip unnecessary iterations of the loop.
   */
+  iLoop = (pIdx ? 1 : 2);
   do{
-    loopAgain = 0;
+    int iNext = 0;                /* Next value for iLoop */
     for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
       Expr *pE;
       int skipLikeAddr = 0;
@@ -129002,10 +131277,16 @@
       if( pLevel->iLeftJoin && !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) ){
         continue;
       }
-      if( pIdx && !sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(pE, pLevel->iTabCur, pIdx) ){
-        loopAgain = 1;
+      
+      if( iLoop==1 && !sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(pE, pLevel->iTabCur, pIdx) ){
+        iNext = 2;
         continue;
       }
+      if( iLoop<3 && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VARSELECT) ){
+        if( iNext==0 ) iNext = 3;
+        continue;
+      }
+
       if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKECOND ){
         /* If the TERM_LIKECOND flag is set, that means that the range search
         ** is sufficient to guarantee that the LIKE operator is true, so we
@@ -129021,12 +131302,18 @@
         VdbeCoverage(v);
 #endif
       }
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0xffff */
+      if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
+        VdbeNoopComment((v, "WhereTerm[%d] (%p) priority=%d",
+                         pWC->nTerm-j, pTerm, iLoop));
+      }
+#endif
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       if( skipLikeAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, skipLikeAddr);
       pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
     }
-    pIdx = 0;
-  }while( loopAgain );
+    iLoop = iNext;
+  }while( iLoop>0 );
 
   /* Insert code to test for implied constraints based on transitivity
   ** of the "==" operator.
@@ -129283,12 +131570,12 @@
   int *pisComplete, /* True if the only wildcard is % in the last character */
   int *pnoCase      /* True if uppercase is equivalent to lowercase */
 ){
-  const char *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
+  const u8 *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
   Expr *pRight, *pLeft;      /* Right and left size of LIKE operator */
   ExprList *pList;           /* List of operands to the LIKE operator */
   int c;                     /* One character in z[] */
   int cnt;                   /* Number of non-wildcard prefix characters */
-  char wc[3];                /* Wildcard characters */
+  char wc[4];                /* Wildcard characters */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection */
   sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
   int op;                    /* Opcode of pRight */
@@ -129305,17 +131592,17 @@
 
   pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[0].pExpr);
   op = pRight->op;
-  if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
+  if( op==TK_VARIABLE && (db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 ){
     Vdbe *pReprepare = pParse->pReprepare;
     int iCol = pRight->iColumn;
     pVal = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pReprepare, iCol, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
     if( pVal && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-      z = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
+      z = sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iCol);
     assert( pRight->op==TK_VARIABLE || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
   }else if( op==TK_STRING ){
-    z = pRight->u.zToken;
+    z = (u8*)pRight->u.zToken;
   }
   if( z ){
 
@@ -129335,16 +131622,42 @@
         return 0;
       }
     }
+
+    /* Count the number of prefix characters prior to the first wildcard */
     cnt = 0;
     while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
       cnt++;
+      if( c==wc[3] && z[cnt]!=0 ) cnt++;
     }
+
+    /* The optimization is possible only if (1) the pattern does not begin
+    ** with a wildcard and if (2) the non-wildcard prefix does not end with
+    ** an (illegal 0xff) character.  The second condition is necessary so
+    ** that we can increment the prefix key to find an upper bound for the
+    ** range search. 
+    */
     if( cnt!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
       Expr *pPrefix;
+
+      /* A "complete" match if the pattern ends with "*" or "%" */
       *pisComplete = c==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
-      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, z);
-      if( pPrefix ) pPrefix->u.zToken[cnt] = 0;
+
+      /* Get the pattern prefix.  Remove all escapes from the prefix. */
+      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, (char*)z);
+      if( pPrefix ){
+        int iFrom, iTo;
+        char *zNew = pPrefix->u.zToken;
+        zNew[cnt] = 0;
+        for(iFrom=iTo=0; iFrom<cnt; iFrom++){
+          if( zNew[iFrom]==wc[3] ) iFrom++;
+          zNew[iTo++] = zNew[iFrom];
+        }
+        zNew[iTo] = 0;
+      }
       *ppPrefix = pPrefix;
+
+      /* If the RHS pattern is a bound parameter, make arrangements to
+      ** reprepare the statement when that parameter is rebound */
       if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
         Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
         sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(v, pRight->iColumn);
@@ -129375,48 +131688,84 @@
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /*
-** Check to see if the given expression is of the form
+** Check to see if the pExpr expression is a form that needs to be passed
+** to the xBestIndex method of virtual tables.  Forms of interest include:
 **
-**         column OP expr
+**          Expression                   Virtual Table Operator
+**          -----------------------      ---------------------------------
+**      1.  column MATCH expr            SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
+**      2.  column GLOB expr             SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB
+**      3.  column LIKE expr             SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE
+**      4.  column REGEXP expr           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP
+**      5.  column != expr               SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE
+**      6.  expr != column               SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE
+**      7.  column IS NOT expr           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT
+**      8.  expr IS NOT column           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT
+**      9.  column IS NOT NULL           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL
 **
-** where OP is one of MATCH, GLOB, LIKE or REGEXP and "column" is a 
-** column of a virtual table.
+** In every case, "column" must be a column of a virtual table.  If there
+** is a match, set *ppLeft to the "column" expression, set *ppRight to the 
+** "expr" expression (even though in forms (6) and (8) the column is on the
+** right and the expression is on the left).  Also set *peOp2 to the
+** appropriate virtual table operator.  The return value is 1 or 2 if there
+** is a match.  The usual return is 1, but if the RHS is also a column
+** of virtual table in forms (5) or (7) then return 2.
 **
-** If it is then return TRUE.  If not, return FALSE.
+** If the expression matches none of the patterns above, return 0.
 */
-static int isMatchOfColumn(
+static int isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(
   Expr *pExpr,                    /* Test this expression */
-  unsigned char *peOp2            /* OUT: 0 for MATCH, or else an op2 value */
+  unsigned char *peOp2,           /* OUT: 0 for MATCH, or else an op2 value */
+  Expr **ppLeft,                  /* Column expression to left of MATCH/op2 */
+  Expr **ppRight                  /* Expression to left of MATCH/op2 */
 ){
-  static const struct Op2 {
-    const char *zOp;
-    unsigned char eOp2;
-  } aOp[] = {
-    { "match",  SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH },
-    { "glob",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB },
-    { "like",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE },
-    { "regexp", SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP }
-  };
-  ExprList *pList;
-  Expr *pCol;                     /* Column reference */
-  int i;
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
+    static const struct Op2 {
+      const char *zOp;
+      unsigned char eOp2;
+    } aOp[] = {
+      { "match",  SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH },
+      { "glob",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB },
+      { "like",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE },
+      { "regexp", SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP }
+    };
+    ExprList *pList;
+    Expr *pCol;                     /* Column reference */
+    int i;
 
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-  if( pList==0 || pList->nExpr!=2 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pCol = pList->a[1].pExpr;
-  if( pCol->op!=TK_COLUMN || !IsVirtual(pCol->pTab) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aOp); i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, aOp[i].zOp)==0 ){
-      *peOp2 = aOp[i].eOp2;
-      return 1;
+    pList = pExpr->x.pList;
+    if( pList==0 || pList->nExpr!=2 ){
+      return 0;
     }
+    pCol = pList->a[1].pExpr;
+    if( pCol->op!=TK_COLUMN || !IsVirtual(pCol->pTab) ){
+      return 0;
+    }
+    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aOp); i++){
+      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, aOp[i].zOp)==0 ){
+        *peOp2 = aOp[i].eOp2;
+        *ppRight = pList->a[0].pExpr;
+        *ppLeft = pCol;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_NE || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT || pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL ){
+    int res = 0;
+    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
+    Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
+    if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pLeft->pTab) ){
+      res++;
+    }
+    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pRight->pTab) ){
+      res++;
+      SWAP(Expr*, pLeft, pRight);
+    }
+    *ppLeft = pLeft;
+    *ppRight = pRight;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_NE ) *peOp2 = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT ) *peOp2 = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL ) *peOp2 = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL;
+    return res;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -129495,8 +131844,8 @@
    && (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_GT|WO_GE))!=eOp ) return;
   assert( pOne->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pOne->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
   assert( pTwo->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pTwo->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pLeft, pTwo->pExpr->pLeft, -1) ) return;
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pRight, pTwo->pExpr->pRight, -1) )return;
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pOne->pExpr->pLeft, pTwo->pExpr->pLeft, -1) ) return;
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pOne->pExpr->pRight, pTwo->pExpr->pRight,-1) )return;
   /* If we reach this point, it means the two subterms can be combined */
   if( (eOp & (eOp-1))!=0 ){
     if( eOp & (WO_LT|WO_LE) ){
@@ -129667,7 +132016,7 @@
           for(j=0, pAndTerm=pAndWC->a; j<pAndWC->nTerm; j++, pAndTerm++){
             assert( pAndTerm->pExpr );
             if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op) 
-             || pAndTerm->eOperator==WO_MATCH 
+             || pAndTerm->eOperator==WO_AUX
             ){
               b |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pAndTerm->leftCursor);
             }
@@ -129869,7 +132218,6 @@
 static int termIsEquivalence(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   char aff1, aff2;
   CollSeq *pColl;
-  const char *zColl1, *zColl2;
   if( !OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Transitive) ) return 0;
   if( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ && pExpr->op!=TK_IS ) return 0;
   if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) return 0;
@@ -129882,11 +132230,7 @@
   }
   pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
   if( pColl==0 || sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, "BINARY")==0 ) return 1;
-  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-  zColl1 = pColl ? pColl->zName : 0;
-  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
-  zColl2 = pColl ? pColl->zName : 0;
-  return sqlite3_stricmp(zColl1, zColl2)==0;
+  return sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -130015,7 +132359,7 @@
   int op;                          /* Top-level operator.  pExpr->op */
   Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;  /* Parsing context */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;        /* Database connection */
-  unsigned char eOp2;              /* op2 value for LIKE/REGEXP/GLOB */
+  unsigned char eOp2 = 0;          /* op2 value for LIKE/REGEXP/GLOB */
   int nLeft;                       /* Number of elements on left side vector */
 
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -130040,7 +132384,9 @@
   }else{
     pTerm->prereqRight = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pRight);
   }
+  pMaskSet->bVarSelect = 0;
   prereqAll = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr);
+  if( pMaskSet->bVarSelect ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_VARSELECT;
   if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
     Bitmask x = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
     prereqAll |= x;
@@ -130247,38 +132593,46 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  /* Add a WO_MATCH auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
-  ** current expression is of the form:  column MATCH expr.
+  /* Add a WO_AUX auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
+  ** current expression is of the form "column OP expr" where OP
+  ** is an operator that gets passed into virtual tables but which is
+  ** not normally optimized for ordinary tables.  In other words, OP
+  ** is one of MATCH, LIKE, GLOB, REGEXP, !=, IS, IS NOT, or NOT NULL.
   ** This information is used by the xBestIndex methods of
   ** virtual tables.  The native query optimizer does not attempt
   ** to do anything with MATCH functions.
   */
-  if( pWC->op==TK_AND && isMatchOfColumn(pExpr, &eOp2) ){
-    int idxNew;
-    Expr *pRight, *pLeft;
-    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
-    Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;
+  if( pWC->op==TK_AND ){
+    Expr *pRight = 0, *pLeft = 0;
+    int res = isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(pExpr, &eOp2, &pLeft, &pRight);
+    while( res-- > 0 ){
+      int idxNew;
+      WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
+      Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;
 
-    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
-    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-    prereqExpr = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
-    prereqColumn = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
-    if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
-      Expr *pNewExpr;
-      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
-                              0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0));
-      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-      testcase( idxNew==0 );
-      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
-      pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
-      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
-      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_MATCH;
-      pNewTerm->eMatchOp = eOp2;
-      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
-      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
-      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
+      prereqExpr = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
+      prereqColumn = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
+      if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
+        Expr *pNewExpr;
+        pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
+            0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0));
+        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) && pNewExpr ){
+          ExprSetProperty(pNewExpr, EP_FromJoin);
+        }
+        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
+        testcase( idxNew==0 );
+        pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
+        pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
+        pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
+        pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
+        pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_AUX;
+        pNewTerm->eMatchOp = eOp2;
+        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
+        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
+        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
+        pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
+      }
+      SWAP(Expr*, pLeft, pRight);
     }
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
@@ -130468,9 +132822,12 @@
   }
   mask = (p->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) ? sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable) : 0;
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) );
-  if( p->pRight ) mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
   if( p->pLeft ) mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+  if( p->pRight ){
+    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
+    assert( p->x.pList==0 );
+  }else if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_VarSelect) ) pMaskSet->bVarSelect = 1;
     mask |= exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
   }else if( p->x.pList ){
     mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
@@ -130570,6 +132927,21 @@
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include "whereInt.h" */
 
+/*
+** Extra information appended to the end of sqlite3_index_info but not
+** visible to the xBestIndex function, at least not directly.  The
+** sqlite3_vtab_collation() interface knows how to reach it, however.
+**
+** This object is not an API and can be changed from one release to the
+** next.  As long as allocateIndexInfo() and sqlite3_vtab_collation()
+** agree on the structure, all will be well.
+*/
+typedef struct HiddenIndexInfo HiddenIndexInfo;
+struct HiddenIndexInfo {
+  WhereClause *pWC;   /* The Where clause being analyzed */
+  Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context */
+};
+
 /* Forward declaration of methods */
 static int whereLoopResize(sqlite3*, WhereLoop*, int);
 
@@ -130954,8 +133326,8 @@
      && p->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[iCol]
      && p->iTable==iBase
     ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr);
-      if( pColl && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl) ){
+      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr);
+      if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl) ){
         return i;
       }
     }
@@ -131159,6 +133531,15 @@
   char aff;
   if( pTerm->leftCursor!=pSrc->iCursor ) return 0;
   if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) return 0;
+  if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT) 
+   && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+   && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS)
+  ){
+    /* Cannot use an IS term from the WHERE clause as an index driver for
+    ** the RHS of a LEFT JOIN. Such a term can only be used if it is from
+    ** the ON clause.  */
+    return 0;
+  }
   if( (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)!=0 ) return 0;
   if( pTerm->u.leftColumn<0 ) return 0;
   aff = pSrc->pTab->aCol[pTerm->u.leftColumn].affinity;
@@ -131383,11 +133764,11 @@
 ** by passing the pointer returned by this function to sqlite3_free().
 */
 static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  WhereClause *pWC,
+  Parse *pParse,                  /* The parsing context */
+  WhereClause *pWC,               /* The WHERE clause being analyzed */
   Bitmask mUnusable,              /* Ignore terms with these prereqs */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,
+  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,      /* The FROM clause term that is the vtab */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,             /* The ORDER BY clause */
   u16 *pmNoOmit                   /* Mask of terms not to omit */
 ){
   int i, j;
@@ -131395,6 +133776,7 @@
   struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pIdxCons;
   struct sqlite3_index_orderby *pIdxOrderBy;
   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage *pUsage;
+  struct HiddenIndexInfo *pHidden;
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
   int nOrderBy;
   sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;
@@ -131410,7 +133792,7 @@
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
-    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
+    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
     assert( pTerm->u.leftColumn>=(-1) );
     nTerm++;
@@ -131436,7 +133818,7 @@
   */
   pIdxInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*pIdxInfo)
                            + (sizeof(*pIdxCons) + sizeof(*pUsage))*nTerm
-                           + sizeof(*pIdxOrderBy)*nOrderBy );
+                           + sizeof(*pIdxOrderBy)*nOrderBy + sizeof(*pHidden) );
   if( pIdxInfo==0 ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "out of memory");
     return 0;
@@ -131447,7 +133829,8 @@
   ** changing them.  We have to do some funky casting in order to
   ** initialize those fields.
   */
-  pIdxCons = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint*)&pIdxInfo[1];
+  pHidden = (struct HiddenIndexInfo*)&pIdxInfo[1];
+  pIdxCons = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint*)&pHidden[1];
   pIdxOrderBy = (struct sqlite3_index_orderby*)&pIdxCons[nTerm];
   pUsage = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage*)&pIdxOrderBy[nOrderBy];
   *(int*)&pIdxInfo->nConstraint = nTerm;
@@ -131457,8 +133840,10 @@
   *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage =
                                                                    pUsage;
 
+  pHidden->pWC = pWC;
+  pHidden->pParse = pParse;
   for(i=j=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
-    u8 op;
+    u16 op;
     if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;
     if( pTerm->prereqRight & mUnusable ) continue;
     assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
@@ -131466,34 +133851,40 @@
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
-    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
+    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
     assert( pTerm->u.leftColumn>=(-1) );
     pIdxCons[j].iColumn = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
     pIdxCons[j].iTermOffset = i;
-    op = (u8)pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL;
+    op = pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL;
     if( op==WO_IN ) op = WO_EQ;
-    if( op==WO_MATCH ){
-      op = pTerm->eMatchOp;
-    }
-    pIdxCons[j].op = op;
-    /* The direct assignment in the previous line is possible only because
-    ** the WO_ and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ codes are identical.  The
-    ** following asserts verify this fact. */
-    assert( WO_EQ==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ );
-    assert( WO_LT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT );
-    assert( WO_LE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE );
-    assert( WO_GT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT );
-    assert( WO_GE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE );
-    assert( WO_MATCH==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
-    assert( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_IN|WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_MATCH) );
+    if( op==WO_AUX ){
+      pIdxCons[j].op = pTerm->eMatchOp;
+    }else if( op & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IS) ){
+      if( op==WO_ISNULL ){
+        pIdxCons[j].op = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL;
+      }else{
+        pIdxCons[j].op = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS;
+      }
+    }else{
+      pIdxCons[j].op = (u8)op;
+      /* The direct assignment in the previous line is possible only because
+      ** the WO_ and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ codes are identical.  The
+      ** following asserts verify this fact. */
+      assert( WO_EQ==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ );
+      assert( WO_LT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT );
+      assert( WO_LE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE );
+      assert( WO_GT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT );
+      assert( WO_GE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE );
+      assert( pTerm->eOperator&(WO_IN|WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_AUX) );
 
-    if( op & (WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE)
-     && sqlite3ExprIsVector(pTerm->pExpr->pRight) 
-    ){
-      if( i<16 ) mNoOmit |= (1 << i);
-      if( op==WO_LT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_LE;
-      if( op==WO_GT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_GE;
+      if( op & (WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE)
+       && sqlite3ExprIsVector(pTerm->pExpr->pRight) 
+      ){
+        if( i<16 ) mNoOmit |= (1 << i);
+        if( op==WO_LT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_LE;
+        if( op==WO_GT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_GE;
+      }
     }
 
     j++;
@@ -131743,7 +134134,7 @@
       iGap = iGap/3;
     }
     aStat[0] = iLower + iGap;
-    aStat[1] = pIdx->aAvgEq[iCol];
+    aStat[1] = pIdx->aAvgEq[nField-1];
   }
 
   /* Restore the pRec->nField value before returning.  */
@@ -132399,40 +134790,40 @@
 ** Free a WhereInfo structure
 */
 static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
-  if( ALWAYS(pWInfo) ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
-      WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
-      if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE) ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
-      }
+  int i;
+  assert( pWInfo!=0 );
+  for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
+    WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
+    if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE) ){
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
     }
-    sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
-    while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
-      WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
-      pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
-      whereLoopDelete(db, p);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pWInfo);
   }
+  sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
+  while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
+    WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
+    pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
+    whereLoopDelete(db, p);
+  }
+  sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pWInfo);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return TRUE if all of the following are true:
 **
 **   (1)  X has the same or lower cost that Y
-**   (2)  X is a proper subset of Y
-**   (3)  X skips at least as many columns as Y
+**   (2)  X uses fewer WHERE clause terms than Y
+**   (3)  Every WHERE clause term used by X is also used by Y
+**   (4)  X skips at least as many columns as Y
+**   (5)  If X is a covering index, than Y is too
 **
-** By "proper subset" we mean that X uses fewer WHERE clause terms
-** than Y and that every WHERE clause term used by X is also used
-** by Y.
-**
+** Conditions (2) and (3) mean that X is a "proper subset" of Y.
 ** If X is a proper subset of Y then Y is a better choice and ought
 ** to have a lower cost.  This routine returns TRUE when that cost 
-** relationship is inverted and needs to be adjusted.  The third rule
+** relationship is inverted and needs to be adjusted.  Constraint (4)
 ** was added because if X uses skip-scan less than Y it still might
-** deserve a lower cost even if it is a proper subset of Y.
+** deserve a lower cost even if it is a proper subset of Y.  Constraint (5)
+** was added because a covering index probably deserves to have a lower cost
+** than a non-covering index even if it is a proper subset.
 */
 static int whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(
   const WhereLoop *pX,       /* First WhereLoop to compare */
@@ -132454,6 +134845,10 @@
     }
     if( j<0 ) return 0;  /* X not a subset of Y since term X[i] not used by Y */
   }
+  if( (pX->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
+   && (pY->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
+    return 0;  /* Constraint (5) */
+  }
   return 1;  /* All conditions meet */
 }
 
@@ -132496,16 +134891,17 @@
 
 /*
 ** Search the list of WhereLoops in *ppPrev looking for one that can be
-** supplanted by pTemplate.
+** replaced by pTemplate.
 **
-** Return NULL if the WhereLoop list contains an entry that can supplant
-** pTemplate, in other words if pTemplate does not belong on the list.
+** Return NULL if pTemplate does not belong on the WhereLoop list.
+** In other words if pTemplate ought to be dropped from further consideration.
 **
-** If pX is a WhereLoop that pTemplate can supplant, then return the
+** If pX is a WhereLoop that pTemplate can replace, then return the
 ** link that points to pX.
 **
-** If pTemplate cannot supplant any existing element of the list but needs
-** to be added to the list, then return a pointer to the tail of the list.
+** If pTemplate cannot replace any existing element of the list but needs
+** to be added to the list as a new entry, then return a pointer to the
+** tail of the list.
 */
 static WhereLoop **whereLoopFindLesser(
   WhereLoop **ppPrev,
@@ -132650,8 +135046,10 @@
     if( p!=0 ){
       sqlite3DebugPrintf("replace: ");
       whereLoopPrint(p, pBuilder->pWC);
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf("   with: ");
+    }else{
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf("    add: ");
     }
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("    add: ");
     whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
   }
 #endif
@@ -132989,7 +135387,7 @@
       pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_EQ;
       assert( saved_nEq==pNew->u.btree.nEq );
       if( iCol==XN_ROWID 
-       || (iCol>0 && nInMul==0 && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1)
+       || (iCol>=0 && nInMul==0 && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1)
       ){
         if( iCol>=0 && pProbe->uniqNotNull==0 ){
           pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_UNQ_WANTED;
@@ -133202,7 +135600,7 @@
     }else if( (aColExpr = pIndex->aColExpr)!=0 ){
       for(jj=0; jj<pIndex->nKeyCol; jj++){
         if( pIndex->aiColumn[jj]!=XN_EXPR ) continue;
-        if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr,aColExpr->a[jj].pExpr,iCursor)==0 ){
+        if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pExpr,aColExpr->a[jj].pExpr,iCursor)==0 ){
           return 1;
         }
       }
@@ -133235,14 +135633,16 @@
 static int whereUsablePartialIndex(int iTab, WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pWhere){
   int i;
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
+  Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
   while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
     if( !whereUsablePartialIndex(iTab,pWC,pWhere->pLeft) ) return 0;
     pWhere = pWhere->pRight;
   }
+  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG ) pParse = 0;
   for(i=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
     Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-    if( sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pExpr, pWhere, iTab) 
-     && (!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) || pExpr->iRightJoinTable==iTab)
+    if( (!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) || pExpr->iRightJoinTable==iTab)
+     && sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pExpr, pWhere, iTab) 
     ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -133396,14 +135796,17 @@
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX */
 
-  /* Loop over all indices
-  */
-  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe; pProbe=pProbe->pNext, iSortIdx++){
+  /* Loop over all indices. If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only 
+  ** consider index pProbe.  */
+  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe; 
+      pProbe=(pSrc->pIBIndex ? 0 : pProbe->pNext), iSortIdx++
+  ){
     if( pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
      && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pSrc->iCursor, pWC, pProbe->pPartIdxWhere) ){
       testcase( pNew->iTab!=pSrc->iCursor );  /* See ticket [98d973b8f5] */
       continue;  /* Partial index inappropriate for this query */
     }
+    if( pProbe->bNoQuery ) continue;
     rSize = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0];
     pNew->u.btree.nEq = 0;
     pNew->u.btree.nBtm = 0;
@@ -133508,10 +135911,6 @@
     pBuilder->nRecValid = 0;
     pBuilder->pRec = 0;
 #endif
-
-    /* If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only that one index is
-    ** considered. */
-    if( pSrc->pIBIndex ) break;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -133666,6 +136065,27 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** If this function is invoked from within an xBestIndex() callback, it
+** returns a pointer to a buffer containing the name of the collation
+** sequence associated with element iCons of the sqlite3_index_info.aConstraint
+** array. Or, if iCons is out of range or there is no active xBestIndex
+** call, return NULL.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo, int iCons){
+  HiddenIndexInfo *pHidden = (HiddenIndexInfo*)&pIdxInfo[1];
+  const char *zRet = 0;
+  if( iCons>=0 && iCons<pIdxInfo->nConstraint ){
+    CollSeq *pC = 0;
+    int iTerm = pIdxInfo->aConstraint[iCons].iTermOffset;
+    Expr *pX = pHidden->pWC->a[iTerm].pExpr;
+    if( pX->pLeft ){
+      pC = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pHidden->pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
+    }
+    zRet = (pC ? pC->zName : "BINARY");
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Add all WhereLoop objects for a table of the join identified by
@@ -134110,14 +136530,10 @@
         if( j>=pLoop->nLTerm ) continue;
       }
       if( (pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0 && pOBExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
-        const char *z1, *z2;
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
-        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-        z1 = pColl->zName;
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pTerm->pExpr);
-        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-        z2 = pColl->zName;
-        if( sqlite3StrICmp(z1, z2)!=0 ) continue;
+        if( sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pWInfo->pParse, 
+                  pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr, pTerm->pExpr)==0 ){
+          continue;
+        }
         testcase( pTerm->pExpr->op==TK_IS );
       }
       obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
@@ -134189,7 +136605,7 @@
         if( pIndex ){
           iColumn = pIndex->aiColumn[j];
           revIdx = pIndex->aSortOrder[j];
-          if( iColumn==pIndex->pTable->iPKey ) iColumn = -1;
+          if( iColumn==pIndex->pTable->iPKey ) iColumn = XN_ROWID;
         }else{
           iColumn = XN_ROWID;
           revIdx = 0;
@@ -134216,18 +136632,18 @@
           testcase( wctrlFlags & WHERE_GROUPBY );
           testcase( wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY );
           if( (wctrlFlags & (WHERE_GROUPBY|WHERE_DISTINCTBY))==0 ) bOnce = 0;
-          if( iColumn>=(-1) ){
+          if( iColumn>=XN_ROWID ){
             if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) continue;
             if( pOBExpr->iTable!=iCur ) continue;
             if( pOBExpr->iColumn!=iColumn ) continue;
           }else{
-            if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOBExpr,pIndex->aColExpr->a[j].pExpr,iCur) ){
+            Expr *pIdxExpr = pIndex->aColExpr->a[j].pExpr;
+            if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pOBExpr, pIdxExpr, iCur) ){
               continue;
             }
           }
-          if( iColumn>=0 ){
-            pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
-            if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
+          if( iColumn!=XN_ROWID ){
+            pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
             if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIndex->azColl[j])!=0 ) continue;
           }
           pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol = j+1;
@@ -134520,6 +136936,7 @@
                rUnsorted, rCost));
         }else{
           rCost = rUnsorted;
+          rUnsorted -= 2;  /* TUNING:  Slight bias in favor of no-sort plans */
         }
 
         /* Check to see if pWLoop should be added to the set of
@@ -134551,8 +136968,8 @@
             ** this candidate as not viable. */
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
             if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
-              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
-                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
+                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                   isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
             }
 #endif
@@ -134570,26 +136987,36 @@
           pTo = &aTo[jj];
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
           if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
-            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
-                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
+                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                 isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
           }
 #endif
         }else{
           /* Control reaches here if best-so-far path pTo=aTo[jj] covers the
-          ** same set of loops and has the sam isOrdered setting as the
+          ** same set of loops and has the same isOrdered setting as the
           ** candidate path.  Check to see if the candidate should replace
-          ** pTo or if the candidate should be skipped */
-          if( pTo->rCost<rCost || (pTo->rCost==rCost && pTo->nRow<=nOut) ){
+          ** pTo or if the candidate should be skipped.
+          ** 
+          ** The conditional is an expanded vector comparison equivalent to:
+          **   (pTo->rCost,pTo->nRow,pTo->rUnsorted) <= (rCost,nOut,rUnsorted)
+          */
+          if( pTo->rCost<rCost 
+           || (pTo->rCost==rCost
+               && (pTo->nRow<nOut
+                   || (pTo->nRow==nOut && pTo->rUnsorted<=rUnsorted)
+                  )
+              )
+          ){
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
             if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
               sqlite3DebugPrintf(
-                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
-                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c",
+                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                   isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
-              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d,%d order=%c\n",
+              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                   wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
-                  pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
+                  pTo->rUnsorted, pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
             }
 #endif
             /* Discard the candidate path from further consideration */
@@ -134602,12 +137029,12 @@
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
           if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
             sqlite3DebugPrintf(
-                "Update %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
-                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+                "Update %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c",
+                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                 isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
-            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
+            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                 wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
-                pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
+                pTo->rUnsorted, pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
           }
 #endif
         }
@@ -134833,6 +137260,32 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Helper function for exprIsDeterministic().
+*/
+static int exprNodeIsDeterministic(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_ConstFunc)==0 ){
+    pWalker->eCode = 0;
+    return WRC_Abort;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if the expression contains no non-deterministic SQL 
+** functions. Do not consider non-deterministic SQL functions that are 
+** part of sub-select statements.
+*/
+static int exprIsDeterministic(Expr *p){
+  Walker w;
+  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.eCode = 1;
+  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsDeterministic;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
+  return w.eCode;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Generate the beginning of the loop used for WHERE clause processing.
 ** The return value is a pointer to an opaque structure that contains
 ** information needed to terminate the loop.  Later, the calling routine
@@ -135030,17 +137483,6 @@
   sqlite3WhereClauseInit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWInfo);
   sqlite3WhereSplit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
     
-  /* Special case: a WHERE clause that is constant.  Evaluate the
-  ** expression and either jump over all of the code or fall thru.
-  */
-  for(ii=0; ii<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; ii++){
-    if( nTabList==0 || sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr) ){
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr, pWInfo->iBreak,
-                         SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      sWLB.pWC->a[ii].wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
-    }
-  }
-
   /* Special case: No FROM clause
   */
   if( nTabList==0 ){
@@ -135048,37 +137490,61 @@
     if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
       pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
     }
+  }else{
+    /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
+    **
+    ** The N-th term of the FROM clause is assigned a bitmask of 1<<N.
+    **
+    ** The rule of the previous sentence ensures thta if X is the bitmask for
+    ** a table T, then X-1 is the bitmask for all other tables to the left of T.
+    ** Knowing the bitmask for all tables to the left of a left join is
+    ** important.  Ticket #3015.
+    **
+    ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
+    ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
+    ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
+    ** WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE flag is set.
+    */
+    ii = 0;
+    do{
+      createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
+      sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(pParse, &pTabList->a[ii], &pWInfo->sWC);
+    }while( (++ii)<pTabList->nSrc );
+  #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    {
+      Bitmask mx = 0;
+      for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
+        Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
+        assert( m>=mx );
+        mx = m;
+      }
+    }
+  #endif
   }
-
-  /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
-  **
-  ** The N-th term of the FROM clause is assigned a bitmask of 1<<N.
-  **
-  ** The rule of the previous sentence ensures thta if X is the bitmask for
-  ** a table T, then X-1 is the bitmask for all other tables to the left of T.
-  ** Knowing the bitmask for all tables to the left of a left join is
-  ** important.  Ticket #3015.
-  **
-  ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
-  ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
-  ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
-  ** WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE flag is set.
-  */
-  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
-    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
-    sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(pParse, &pTabList->a[ii], &pWInfo->sWC);
-  }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
-    Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
-    assert( m==MASKBIT(ii) );
-  }
-#endif
-
+  
   /* Analyze all of the subexpressions. */
   sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC);
   if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
 
+  /* Special case: WHERE terms that do not refer to any tables in the join
+  ** (constant expressions). Evaluate each such term, and jump over all the
+  ** generated code if the result is not true.  
+  **
+  ** Do not do this if the expression contains non-deterministic functions
+  ** that are not within a sub-select. This is not strictly required, but
+  ** preserves SQLite's legacy behaviour in the following two cases:
+  **
+  **   FROM ... WHERE random()>0;           -- eval random() once per row
+  **   FROM ... WHERE (SELECT random())>0;  -- eval random() once overall
+  */
+  for(ii=0; ii<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; ii++){
+    WhereTerm *pT = &sWLB.pWC->a[ii];
+    if( pT->prereqAll==0 && (nTabList==0 || exprIsDeterministic(pT->pExpr)) ){
+      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pT->pExpr, pWInfo->iBreak, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      pT->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
+    }
+  }
+
   if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
     if( isDistinctRedundant(pParse, pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC, pResultSet) ){
       /* The DISTINCT marking is pointless.  Ignore it. */
@@ -135115,7 +137581,7 @@
       static const char zLabel[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz"
                                              "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ";
       for(p=pWInfo->pLoops, i=0; p; p=p->pNextLoop, i++){
-        p->cId = zLabel[i%sizeof(zLabel)];
+        p->cId = zLabel[i%(sizeof(zLabel)-1)];
         whereLoopPrint(p, sWLB.pWC);
       }
     }
@@ -135160,35 +137626,80 @@
     }
   }
 #endif
-  /* Attempt to omit tables from the join that do not effect the result */
+
+  /* Attempt to omit tables from the join that do not affect the result.
+  ** For a table to not affect the result, the following must be true:
+  **
+  **   1) The query must not be an aggregate.
+  **   2) The table must be the RHS of a LEFT JOIN.
+  **   3) Either the query must be DISTINCT, or else the ON or USING clause
+  **      must contain a constraint that limits the scan of the table to 
+  **      at most a single row.
+  **   4) The table must not be referenced by any part of the query apart
+  **      from its own USING or ON clause.
+  **
+  ** For example, given:
+  **
+  **     CREATE TABLE t1(ipk INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, v1);
+  **     CREATE TABLE t2(ipk INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, v2);
+  **     CREATE TABLE t3(ipk INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, v3);
+  **
+  ** then table t2 can be omitted from the following:
+  **
+  **     SELECT v1, v3 FROM t1 
+  **       LEFT JOIN t2 USING (t1.ipk=t2.ipk)
+  **       LEFT JOIN t3 USING (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
+  **
+  ** or from:
+  **
+  **     SELECT DISTINCT v1, v3 FROM t1 
+  **       LEFT JOIN t2
+  **       LEFT JOIN t3 USING (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
+  */
+  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
   if( pWInfo->nLevel>=2
-   && pResultSet!=0
+   && pResultSet!=0               /* guarantees condition (1) above */
    && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin)
   ){
+    int i;
     Bitmask tabUsed = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);
     if( sWLB.pOrderBy ){
       tabUsed |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);
     }
-    while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
+    for(i=pWInfo->nLevel-1; i>=1; i--){
       WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
-      pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
-      if( (pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) break;
+      struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+      pLoop = pWInfo->a[i].pWLoop;
+      pItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab];
+      if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) continue;
       if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)==0
        && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
       ){
-        break;
+        continue;
       }
-      if( (tabUsed & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ) break;
+      if( (tabUsed & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ) continue;
       pEnd = sWLB.pWC->a + sWLB.pWC->nTerm;
       for(pTerm=sWLB.pWC->a; pTerm<pEnd; pTerm++){
-        if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0
-         && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
-        ){
-          break;
+        if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ){
+          if( !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+           || pTerm->pExpr->iRightJoinTable!=pItem->iCursor
+          ){
+            break;
+          }
         }
       }
-      if( pTerm<pEnd ) break;
+      if( pTerm<pEnd ) continue;
       WHERETRACE(0xffff, ("-> drop loop %c not used\n", pLoop->cId));
+      notReady &= ~pLoop->maskSelf;
+      for(pTerm=sWLB.pWC->a; pTerm<pEnd; pTerm++){
+        if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ){
+          pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
+        }
+      }
+      if( i!=pWInfo->nLevel-1 ){
+        int nByte = (pWInfo->nLevel-1-i) * sizeof(WhereLevel);
+        memmove(&pWInfo->a[i], &pWInfo->a[i+1], nByte);
+      }
       pWInfo->nLevel--;
       nTabList--;
     }
@@ -135198,15 +137709,32 @@
 
   /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
   ** to use a one-pass algorithm, determine if this is appropriate.
+  **
+  ** A one-pass approach can be used if the caller has requested one
+  ** and either (a) the scan visits at most one row or (b) each
+  ** of the following are true:
+  **
+  **   * the caller has indicated that a one-pass approach can be used
+  **     with multiple rows (by setting WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW), and
+  **   * the table is not a virtual table, and
+  **   * either the scan does not use the OR optimization or the caller
+  **     is a DELETE operation (WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK is only specified
+  **     for DELETE).
+  **
+  ** The last qualification is because an UPDATE statement uses
+  ** WhereInfo.aiCurOnePass[1] to determine whether or not it really can
+  ** use a one-pass approach, and this is not set accurately for scans
+  ** that use the OR optimization.
   */
   assert( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 || pWInfo->nLevel==1 );
   if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 ){
     int wsFlags = pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags;
     int bOnerow = (wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)!=0;
-    if( bOnerow
-     || ((wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW)!=0
-           && 0==(wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE))
-    ){
+    if( bOnerow || (
+        0!=(wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW)
+     && 0==(wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)
+     && (0==(wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR) || (wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK))
+    )){
       pWInfo->eOnePass = bOnerow ? ONEPASS_SINGLE : ONEPASS_MULTI;
       if( HasRowid(pTabList->a[0].pTab) && (wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY) ){
         if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW ){
@@ -135278,7 +137806,7 @@
       Index *pIx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
       int iIndexCur;
       int op = OP_OpenRead;
-      /* iAuxArg is always set if to a positive value if ONEPASS is possible */
+      /* iAuxArg is always set to a positive value if ONEPASS is possible */
       assert( iAuxArg!=0 || (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 );
       if( !HasRowid(pTab) && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIx)
        && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)!=0
@@ -135343,7 +137871,6 @@
   ** loop below generates code for a single nested loop of the VM
   ** program.
   */
-  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
   for(ii=0; ii<nTabList; ii++){
     int addrExplain;
     int wsFlags;
@@ -135407,6 +137934,7 @@
       Index *pIdx;
       int n;
       if( pWInfo->eDistinct==WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED
+       && i==pWInfo->nLevel-1  /* Ticket [ef9318757b152e3] 2017-10-21 */
        && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
        && (pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex)->hasStat1
        && (n = pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol)>0
@@ -135473,7 +138001,8 @@
       addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, pLevel->iLeftJoin); VdbeCoverage(v);
       assert( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 || (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 );
       if( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pTabList->a[i].iCursor);
+        assert( pLevel->iTabCur==pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].iCursor );
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iTabCur);
       }
       if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED) 
        || ((ws & WHERE_MULTI_OR) && pLevel->u.pCovidx) 
@@ -135542,7 +138071,11 @@
       pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, k);
       for(; k<last; k++, pOp++){
         if( pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur ) continue;
-        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column ){
+        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+         || pOp->opcode==OP_Offset
+#endif
+        ){
           int x = pOp->p2;
           assert( pIdx->pTable==pTab );
           if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
@@ -135642,15 +138175,6 @@
 #define YYMALLOCARGTYPE  u64
 
 /*
-** An instance of this structure holds information about the
-** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
-*/
-struct LimitVal {
-  Expr *pLimit;    /* The LIMIT expression.  NULL if there is no limit */
-  Expr *pOffset;   /* The OFFSET expression.  NULL if there is none */
-};
-
-/*
 ** An instance of the following structure describes the event of a
 ** TRIGGER.  "a" is the event type, one of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT,
 ** TK_DELETE, or TK_INSTEAD.  If the event is of the form
@@ -135693,20 +138217,12 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /* This is a utility routine used to set the ExprSpan.zStart and
-  ** ExprSpan.zEnd values of pOut so that the span covers the complete
-  ** range of text beginning with pStart and going to the end of pEnd.
-  */
-  static void spanSet(ExprSpan *pOut, Token *pStart, Token *pEnd){
-    pOut->zStart = pStart->z;
-    pOut->zEnd = &pEnd->z[pEnd->n];
-  }
 
   /* Construct a new Expr object from a single identifier.  Use the
   ** new Expr to populate pOut.  Set the span of pOut to be the identifier
   ** that created the expression.
   */
-  static void spanExpr(ExprSpan *pOut, Parse *pParse, int op, Token t){
+  static Expr *tokenExpr(Parse *pParse, int op, Token t){
     Expr *p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(Expr)+t.n+1);
     if( p ){
       memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr));
@@ -135724,45 +138240,9 @@
       p->nHeight = 1;
 #endif  
     }
-    pOut->pExpr = p;
-    pOut->zStart = t.z;
-    pOut->zEnd = &t.z[t.n];
+    return p;
   }
 
-  /* This routine constructs a binary expression node out of two ExprSpan
-  ** objects and uses the result to populate a new ExprSpan object.
-  */
-  static void spanBinaryExpr(
-    Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context.  Errors accumulate here */
-    int op,             /* The binary operation */
-    ExprSpan *pLeft,    /* The left operand, and output */
-    ExprSpan *pRight    /* The right operand */
-  ){
-    pLeft->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pLeft->pExpr, pRight->pExpr);
-    pLeft->zEnd = pRight->zEnd;
-  }
-
-  /* If doNot is true, then add a TK_NOT Expr-node wrapper around the
-  ** outside of *ppExpr.
-  */
-  static void exprNot(Parse *pParse, int doNot, ExprSpan *pSpan){
-    if( doNot ){
-      pSpan->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, pSpan->pExpr, 0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Construct an expression node for a unary postfix operator
-  */
-  static void spanUnaryPostfix(
-    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
-    int op,                /* The operator */
-    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand, and output */
-    Token *pPostOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
-  ){
-    pOperand->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0);
-    pOperand->zEnd = &pPostOp->z[pPostOp->n];
-  }                           
-
   /* A routine to convert a binary TK_IS or TK_ISNOT expression into a
   ** unary TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL expression. */
   static void binaryToUnaryIfNull(Parse *pParse, Expr *pY, Expr *pA, int op){
@@ -135774,20 +138254,6 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /* Construct an expression node for a unary prefix operator
-  */
-  static void spanUnaryPrefix(
-    ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
-    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
-    int op,                /* The operator */
-    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
-    Token *pPreOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
-  ){
-    pOut->zStart = pPreOp->z;
-    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0);
-    pOut->zEnd = pOperand->zEnd;
-  }
-
   /* Add a single new term to an ExprList that is used to store a
   ** list of identifiers.  Report an error if the ID list contains
   ** a COLLATE clause or an ASC or DESC keyword, except ignore the
@@ -135856,38 +138322,39 @@
 **                       defined, then do no error processing.
 **    YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
 **    YYNRULE            the number of rules in the grammar
+**    YYNTOKEN           Number of terminal symbols
 **    YY_MAX_SHIFT       Maximum value for shift actions
 **    YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE Minimum value for shift-reduce actions
 **    YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE Maximum value for shift-reduce actions
-**    YY_MIN_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 **    YY_ERROR_ACTION    The yy_action[] code for syntax error
 **    YY_ACCEPT_ACTION   The yy_action[] code for accept
 **    YY_NO_ACTION       The yy_action[] code for no-op
+**    YY_MIN_REDUCE      Minimum value for reduce actions
+**    YY_MAX_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 */
 #ifndef INTERFACE
 # define INTERFACE 1
 #endif
 /************* Begin control #defines *****************************************/
 #define YYCODETYPE unsigned char
-#define YYNOCODE 252
+#define YYNOCODE 253
 #define YYACTIONTYPE unsigned short int
-#define YYWILDCARD 69
+#define YYWILDCARD 83
 #define sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE Token
 typedef union {
   int yyinit;
   sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yy0;
-  Expr* yy72;
-  TriggerStep* yy145;
-  ExprList* yy148;
-  SrcList* yy185;
-  ExprSpan yy190;
-  int yy194;
-  Select* yy243;
-  IdList* yy254;
-  With* yy285;
-  struct TrigEvent yy332;
-  struct LimitVal yy354;
-  struct {int value; int mask;} yy497;
+  int yy4;
+  struct TrigEvent yy90;
+  TriggerStep* yy203;
+  struct {int value; int mask;} yy215;
+  SrcList* yy259;
+  Expr* yy314;
+  ExprList* yy322;
+  const char* yy336;
+  IdList* yy384;
+  Select* yy387;
+  With* yy451;
 } YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define YYSTACKDEPTH 100
@@ -135897,16 +138364,17 @@
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH Parse *pParse = yypParser->pParse
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_STORE yypParser->pParse = pParse
 #define YYFALLBACK 1
-#define YYNSTATE             456
-#define YYNRULE              332
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         455
-#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   668
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   999
-#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1000
-#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1331
-#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1332
-#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1333
-#define YY_NO_ACTION         1334
+#define YYNSTATE             466
+#define YYNRULE              330
+#define YYNTOKEN             143
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         465
+#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   675
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   1004
+#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1005
+#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1006
+#define YY_NO_ACTION         1007
+#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1008
+#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1337
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 
 /* Define the yytestcase() macro to be a no-op if is not already defined
@@ -135936,9 +138404,6 @@
 **   N between YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE       Shift to an arbitrary state then
 **     and YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE           reduce by rule N-YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE.
 **
-**   N between YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-YY_MIN_REDUCE
-**     and YY_MAX_REDUCE
-**
 **   N == YY_ERROR_ACTION               A syntax error has occurred.
 **
 **   N == YY_ACCEPT_ACTION              The parser accepts its input.
@@ -135946,25 +138411,22 @@
 **   N == YY_NO_ACTION                  No such action.  Denotes unused
 **                                      slots in the yy_action[] table.
 **
+**   N between YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-YY_MIN_REDUCE
+**     and YY_MAX_REDUCE
+**
 ** The action table is constructed as a single large table named yy_action[].
 ** Given state S and lookahead X, the action is computed as either:
 **
 **    (A)   N = yy_action[ yy_shift_ofst[S] + X ]
 **    (B)   N = yy_default[S]
 **
-** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if:
-**    (1)  The yy_shift_ofst[S]+X value is out of range, or
-**    (2)  yy_lookahead[yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X, or
-**    (3)  yy_shift_ofst[S] equal YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
-** (Implementation note: YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT is chosen so that
-** YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT+X will be out of range for all possible lookaheads X.
-** Hence only tests (1) and (2) need to be evaluated.)
+** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if
+** yy_lookahead[yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X.
 **
 ** The formulas above are for computing the action when the lookahead is
 ** a terminal symbol.  If the lookahead is a non-terminal (as occurs after
 ** a reduce action) then the yy_reduce_ofst[] array is used in place of
-** the yy_shift_ofst[] array and YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT is used in place of
-** YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
+** the yy_shift_ofst[] array.
 **
 ** The following are the tables generated in this section:
 **
@@ -135978,463 +138440,474 @@
 **  yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
 **
 *********** Begin parsing tables **********************************************/
-#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (1566)
+#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (1541)
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   325,  411,  343,  752,  752,  203,  946,  354,  976,   98,
- /*    10 */    98,   98,   98,   91,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,
- /*    20 */    94,   94,   94,   93,  351, 1333,  155,  155,    2,  813,
- /*    30 */   978,  978,   98,   98,   98,   98,   20,   96,   96,   96,
- /*    40 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,   92,   89,
- /*    50 */   178,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*    60 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  351,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*    70 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  340,  976,  262,
- /*    80 */   365,  251,  212,  169,  287,  405,  282,  404,  199,  791,
- /*    90 */   242,  412,   21,  957,  379,  280,   93,  351,  792,   95,
- /*   100 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  978,  978,   96,   96,
- /*   110 */    96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  813,
- /*   120 */   329,  242,  412,  913,  832,  913,  132,   99,  100,   90,
- /*   130 */   853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,
- /*   140 */   450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,
- /*   150 */    93,  351,  325,  825,  349,  348,  120,  819,  120,   75,
- /*   160 */    52,   52,  957,  958,  959,  760,  984,  146,  361,  262,
- /*   170 */   370,  261,  957,  982,  961,  983,   92,   89,  178,  371,
- /*   180 */   230,  371,  978,  978,  817,  361,  360,  101,  824,  824,
- /*   190 */   826,  384,   24,  964,  381,  428,  413,  369,  985,  380,
- /*   200 */   985,  708,  325,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,
- /*   210 */    97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  373,   96,   96,   96,
- /*   220 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  957,  132,
- /*   230 */   897,  450,  978,  978,  896,   60,   94,   94,   94,   93,
- /*   240 */   351,  957,  958,  959,  961,  103,  361,  957,  385,  334,
- /*   250 */   702,   52,   52,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,
- /*   260 */    97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  698,   96,   96,   96,
- /*   270 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  455,
- /*   280 */   670,  450,  227,   61,  157,  243,  344,  114,  701,  888,
- /*   290 */   147,  832,  957,  373,  747,  957,  320,  957,  958,  959,
- /*   300 */   194,   10,   10,  402,  399,  398,  888,  890,  978,  978,
- /*   310 */   762,  171,  170,  157,  397,  337,  957,  958,  959,  702,
- /*   320 */   825,  310,  153,  957,  819,  321,   82,   23,   80,   99,
- /*   330 */   100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,
- /*   340 */    98,   98,  894,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,
- /*   350 */    94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  824,  824,  826,  277,  231,
- /*   360 */   300,  957,  958,  959,  957,  958,  959,  888,  194,   25,
- /*   370 */   450,  402,  399,  398,  957,  355,  300,  450,  957,   74,
- /*   380 */   450,    1,  397,  132,  978,  978,  957,  224,  224,  813,
- /*   390 */    10,   10,  957,  958,  959,  968,  132,   52,   52,  415,
- /*   400 */    52,   52,  739,  739,  339,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,
- /*   410 */   845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  790,   96,
- /*   420 */    96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,
- /*   430 */   325,  789,  428,  418,  706,  428,  427, 1270, 1270,  262,
- /*   440 */   370,  261,  957,  957,  958,  959,  757,  957,  958,  959,
- /*   450 */   450,  756,  450,  734,  713,  957,  958,  959,  443,  711,
- /*   460 */   978,  978,  734,  394,   92,   89,  178,  447,  447,  447,
- /*   470 */    51,   51,   52,   52,  439,  778,  700,   92,   89,  178,
- /*   480 */   172,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*   490 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  198,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*   500 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  428,  408,  916,
- /*   510 */   699,  957,  958,  959,   92,   89,  178,  224,  224,  157,
- /*   520 */   241,  221,  419,  299,  776,  917,  416,  375,  450,  415,
- /*   530 */    58,  324,  737,  737,  920,  379,  978,  978,  379,  777,
- /*   540 */   449,  918,  363,  740,  296,  686,    9,    9,   52,   52,
- /*   550 */   234,  330,  234,  256,  417,  741,  280,   99,  100,   90,
- /*   560 */   853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,
- /*   570 */   450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,
- /*   580 */    93,  351,  325,  423,   72,  450,  833,  120,  368,  450,
- /*   590 */    10,   10,    5,  301,  203,  450,  177,  976,  253,  420,
- /*   600 */   255,  776,  200,  175,  233,   10,   10,  842,  842,   36,
- /*   610 */    36, 1299,  978,  978,  729,   37,   37,  349,  348,  425,
- /*   620 */   203,  260,  776,  976,  232,  937, 1326,  876,  338, 1326,
- /*   630 */   422,  854,  857,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,
- /*   640 */    97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  268,   96,   96,   96,
- /*   650 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  846,
- /*   660 */   450,  985,  818,  985, 1209,  450,  916,  976,  720,  350,
- /*   670 */   350,  350,  935,  177,  450,  937, 1327,  254,  198, 1327,
- /*   680 */    12,   12,  917,  403,  450,   27,   27,  250,  978,  978,
- /*   690 */   118,  721,  162,  976,   38,   38,  268,  176,  918,  776,
- /*   700 */   433, 1275,  946,  354,   39,   39,  317,  998,  325,   99,
- /*   710 */   100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,
- /*   720 */    98,   98,  935,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,
- /*   730 */    94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  330,  450,  358,  978,  978,
- /*   740 */   717,  317,  936,  341,  900,  900,  387,  673,  674,  675,
- /*   750 */   275,  996,  318,  999,   40,   40,   41,   41,  268,   99,
- /*   760 */   100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,
- /*   770 */    98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,
- /*   780 */    94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  450,  356,  450,  999,  450,
- /*   790 */   692,  331,   42,   42,  791,  270,  450,  273,  450,  228,
- /*   800 */   450,  298,  450,  792,  450,   28,   28,   29,   29,   31,
- /*   810 */    31,  450,  817,  450,  978,  978,   43,   43,   44,   44,
- /*   820 */    45,   45,   11,   11,   46,   46,  893,   78,  893,  268,
- /*   830 */   268,  105,  105,   47,   47,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,
- /*   840 */   845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,
- /*   850 */    96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,
- /*   860 */   325,  450,  117,  450,  749,  158,  450,  696,   48,   48,
- /*   870 */   229,  919,  450,  928,  450,  415,  450,  335,  450,  245,
- /*   880 */   450,   33,   33,   49,   49,  450,   50,   50,  246,  817,
- /*   890 */   978,  978,   34,   34,  122,  122,  123,  123,  124,  124,
- /*   900 */    56,   56,  268,   81,  249,   35,   35,  197,  196,  195,
- /*   910 */   325,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*   920 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*   930 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  696,  450,  817,
- /*   940 */   978,  978,  975,  884,  106,  106,  268,  886,  268,  944,
- /*   950 */     2,  892,  268,  892,  336,  716,   53,   53,  107,  107,
- /*   960 */   325,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*   970 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*   980 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  746,  450,  742,
- /*   990 */   978,  978,  715,  267,  108,  108,  446,  331,  332,  133,
- /*  1000 */   223,  175,  301,  225,  386,  933,  104,  104,  121,  121,
- /*  1010 */   325,   99,   88,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*  1020 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  817,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*  1030 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  347,  450,  167,
- /*  1040 */   978,  978,  932,  815,  372,  319,  202,  202,  374,  263,
- /*  1050 */   395,  202,   74,  208,  726,  727,  119,  119,  112,  112,
- /*  1060 */   325,  407,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*  1070 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*  1080 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  757,  450,  345,
- /*  1090 */   978,  978,  756,  278,  111,  111,   74,  719,  718,  709,
- /*  1100 */   286,  883,  754, 1289,  257,   77,  109,  109,  110,  110,
- /*  1110 */   908,  285,  810,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*  1120 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  911,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*  1130 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,   86,  445,  450,    3,
- /*  1140 */  1202,  450,  745,  132,  352,  120,  689,   86,  445,  785,
- /*  1150 */     3,  767,  202,  377,  448,  352,  907,  120,   55,   55,
- /*  1160 */   450,   57,   57,  828,  879,  448,  450,  208,  450,  709,
- /*  1170 */   450,  883,  237,  434,  436,  120,  440,  429,  362,  120,
- /*  1180 */    54,   54,  132,  450,  434,  832,   52,   52,   26,   26,
- /*  1190 */    30,   30,  382,  132,  409,  444,  832,  694,  264,  390,
- /*  1200 */   116,  269,  272,   32,   32,   83,   84,  120,  274,  120,
- /*  1210 */   120,  276,   85,  352,  452,  451,   83,   84,  819,  730,
- /*  1220 */   714,  428,  430,   85,  352,  452,  451,  120,  120,  819,
- /*  1230 */   378,  218,  281,  828,  783,  816,   86,  445,  410,    3,
- /*  1240 */   763,  774,  431,  432,  352,  302,  303,  823,  697,  824,
- /*  1250 */   824,  826,  827,   19,  448,  691,  680,  679,  681,  951,
- /*  1260 */   824,  824,  826,  827,   19,  289,  159,  291,  293,    7,
- /*  1270 */   316,  173,  259,  434,  805,  364,  252,  910,  376,  713,
- /*  1280 */   295,  435,  168,  993,  400,  832,  284,  881,  880,  205,
- /*  1290 */   954,  308,  927,   86,  445,  990,    3,  925,  333,  144,
- /*  1300 */   130,  352,   72,  135,   59,   83,   84,  761,  137,  366,
- /*  1310 */   802,  448,   85,  352,  452,  451,  139,  226,  819,  140,
- /*  1320 */   156,   62,  315,  314,  313,  215,  311,  367,  393,  683,
- /*  1330 */   434,  185,  141,  912,  142,  160,  148,  812,  875,  383,
- /*  1340 */   189,   67,  832,  180,  389,  248,  895,  775,  219,  824,
- /*  1350 */   824,  826,  827,   19,  247,  190,  266,  154,  391,  271,
- /*  1360 */   191,  192,   83,   84,  682,  406,  733,  182,  322,   85,
- /*  1370 */   352,  452,  451,  732,  183,  819,  342,  132,  181,  711,
- /*  1380 */   731,  421,   76,  445,  705,    3,  323,  704,  283,  724,
- /*  1390 */   352,  771,  703,  966,  723,   71,  204,    6,  288,  290,
- /*  1400 */   448,  772,  770,  769,   79,  292,  824,  824,  826,  827,
- /*  1410 */    19,  294,  297,  438,  346,  442,  102,  861,  753,  434,
- /*  1420 */   238,  426,   73,  305,  239,  304,  326,  240,  424,  306,
- /*  1430 */   307,  832,  213,  688,   22,  952,  453,  214,  216,  217,
- /*  1440 */   454,  677,  115,  676,  671,  125,  126,  235,  127,  669,
- /*  1450 */   327,   83,   84,  359,  353,  244,  166,  328,   85,  352,
- /*  1460 */   452,  451,  134,  179,  819,  357,  113,  891,  811,  889,
- /*  1470 */   136,  128,  138,  743,  258,  184,  906,  143,  145,   63,
- /*  1480 */    64,   65,   66,  129,  909,  905,  187,  186,    8,   13,
- /*  1490 */   188,  265,  898,  149,  202,  824,  824,  826,  827,   19,
- /*  1500 */   388,  987,  150,  161,  285,  685,  392,  396,  151,  722,
- /*  1510 */   193,   68,   14,  401,  279,   15,   69,  236,  831,  830,
- /*  1520 */   131,  859,  751,   70,   16,  414,  755,    4,  784,  220,
- /*  1530 */   222,  174,  152,  437,  779,  201,   17,   77,   74,   18,
- /*  1540 */   874,  860,  858,  915,  863,  914,  207,  206,  941,  163,
- /*  1550 */   210,  942,  209,  164,  441,  862,  165,  211,  829,  695,
- /*  1560 */    87,  312,  309,  947, 1291, 1290,
+ /*     0 */  1006,  156,  156,    2, 1302,   90,   87,  179,   90,   87,
+ /*    10 */   179,  460, 1048,  460,  465, 1010,  460,  333, 1130,  335,
+ /*    20 */   246,  330,  112,  303,  439, 1258,  304,  419, 1129, 1087,
+ /*    30 */    72,  798,   50,   50,   50,   50,  331,   30,   30,  799,
+ /*    40 */   951,  364,  371,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,
+ /*    50 */   851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  120,  371,
+ /*    60 */   370,  120,  348,   22,   90,   87,  179,  438,  423,  438,
+ /*    70 */   440,  335,  420,  385,   90,   87,  179,  116,   73,  163,
+ /*    80 */   848,  848,  860,  863,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*    90 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,
+ /*   100 */   859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   110 */   718,  365,  339,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,
+ /*   120 */    99,  371,  453,  335,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*   130 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  852,   94,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   140 */    93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,
+ /*   150 */   983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,
+ /*   160 */    96,   96,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  838,  132,  195,
+ /*   170 */    58,  244,  412,  409,  408,  335,  457,  457,  457,  304,
+ /*   180 */    59,  332,  831,  407,  394,  962,  830,  391,   94,   94,
+ /*   190 */    94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,
+ /*   200 */    98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,
+ /*   210 */    96,   96,   96,   96,  426,  357,  460,  830,  830,  832,
+ /*   220 */    91,  361,  962,  963,  964,  195,  459,  335,  412,  409,
+ /*   230 */   408,  280,  361,  820,  132,   11,   11,   50,   50,  407,
+ /*   240 */    94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,
+ /*   250 */   361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,
+ /*   260 */    95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  460,  221,  460,  264,
+ /*   270 */   375,  254,  438,  428, 1276, 1276,  383, 1074, 1053,  335,
+ /*   280 */   245,  422,  299,  713,  271,  271, 1074,   50,   50,   50,
+ /*   290 */    50,  962,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,
+ /*   300 */    92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,
+ /*   310 */   851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,   90,   87,
+ /*   320 */   179, 1306,  438,  437,  438,  418,  368,  253,  962,  963,
+ /*   330 */   964,  335,  360,  360,  360,  706,  359,  358,  324,  962,
+ /*   340 */  1281,  951,  364,  230,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*   350 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,
+ /*   360 */   859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   370 */   769,  460,  120,  226,  226,  366,  962,  963,  964, 1089,
+ /*   380 */   990,  900,  990,  335, 1057,  425,  421,  839,  759,  759,
+ /*   390 */   425,  427,   50,   50,  432,  381,   94,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   400 */    93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,
+ /*   410 */   983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,
+ /*   420 */    96,   96,  460,  259,  460,  120,  117,  354,  942, 1332,
+ /*   430 */   942, 1333, 1332,  278, 1333,  335,  680,  681,  682,  825,
+ /*   440 */   201,  176,  303,   50,   50,   49,   49,  404,   94,   94,
+ /*   450 */    94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,
+ /*   460 */    98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,
+ /*   470 */    96,   96,   96,   96,  199,  460,  380,  265,  433,  380,
+ /*   480 */   265,  383,  256,  158,  258,  319, 1003,  335,  155,  940,
+ /*   490 */   177,  940,  273,  379,  276,  322,   34,   34,  302,  962,
+ /*   500 */    94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,
+ /*   510 */   361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,
+ /*   520 */    95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  905,  905,  397,  460,
+ /*   530 */   301,  158,  101,  319,  941,  340,  962,  963,  964,  313,
+ /*   540 */   283,  449,  335,  327,  146, 1266, 1004,  257,  234,  248,
+ /*   550 */    35,   35,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,
+ /*   560 */    92,   91,  361,  709,  785, 1227,   97,   98,   88,  983,
+ /*   570 */   983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   580 */    96,  962, 1227, 1229,  245,  422,  838,  198,  197,  196,
+ /*   590 */  1079, 1079, 1077, 1077, 1004, 1334,  320,  335,  172,  171,
+ /*   600 */   709,  831,  159,  271,  271,  830,   76,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   610 */    94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  962,  963,
+ /*   620 */   964,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,
+ /*   630 */    95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  830,  830,  832, 1157,
+ /*   640 */  1157,  199, 1157,  173, 1227,  231,  232, 1282,    2,  335,
+ /*   650 */   271,  764,  271,  820,  271,  271,  763,  389,  389,  389,
+ /*   660 */   132,   79,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,
+ /*   670 */    92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,
+ /*   680 */   851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  460,  264,
+ /*   690 */   223,  460, 1257,  783, 1223, 1157, 1086, 1082,   80,  271,
+ /*   700 */    78,  335,  340, 1031,  341,  344,  345,  902,  346,   10,
+ /*   710 */    10,  902,   25,   25,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*   720 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   86,   88,  983,  983,
+ /*   730 */   859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   740 */  1157,  270,  395,  117,  233,  263,  235,   70,  456,  341,
+ /*   750 */   225,  176,  335, 1305,  342,  133,  736,  966,  980,  249,
+ /*   760 */  1150,  396,  325, 1085, 1028,  178,   94,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   770 */    93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   98,   88,  983,
+ /*   780 */   983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   790 */    96,  783,  783,  132,  120,  966,  120,  120,  120,  798,
+ /*   800 */   252,  937,  335,  353,  321,  429,  355,  799,  822,  692,
+ /*   810 */   390,  203,  446,  450,  372,  716,  454,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   820 */    94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   88,  983,
+ /*   830 */   983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   840 */    96,   84,  455, 1225,    3, 1209,  120,  120,  382,  387,
+ /*   850 */   120,  203, 1271,  716,  384,  168,  266,  203,  458,   72,
+ /*   860 */   260, 1246,   84,  455,  178,    3,  378,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   870 */    94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  350,  458,
+ /*   880 */  1245,  362,  430,  213,  228,  290,  415,  285,  414,  200,
+ /*   890 */   783,  882,  444,  726,  725,  405,  283,  921,  209,  921,
+ /*   900 */   281,  132,  362,   72,  838,  289,  147,  733,  734,  392,
+ /*   910 */    81,   82,  922,  444,  922,  267,  288,   83,  362,  462,
+ /*   920 */   461,  272,  132,  830,   23,  838,  388,  923, 1216,  923,
+ /*   930 */  1056,   81,   82,   84,  455,  899,    3,  899,   83,  362,
+ /*   940 */   462,  461,  761,  962,  830,   75,    1,  443,  275,  747,
+ /*   950 */   458,    5,  962,  204,  830,  830,  832,  833,   18,  748,
+ /*   960 */   229,  962,  277,   19,  153,  317,  317,  316,  216,  314,
+ /*   970 */   279,  460,  689,  362, 1055,  830,  830,  832,  833,   18,
+ /*   980 */   962,  963,  964,  962,  444,  181,  460,  251,  981,  962,
+ /*   990 */   963,  964,    8,    8,   20,  250,  838, 1070,  962,  963,
+ /*  1000 */   964,  417,   81,   82,  768,  204,  347,   36,   36,   83,
+ /*  1010 */   362,  462,  461, 1054,  284,  830,   84,  455, 1123,    3,
+ /*  1020 */   962,  963,  964,  460,  183,  962,  981,  764,  889, 1107,
+ /*  1030 */   460,  184,  763,  458,  132,  182,   74,  455,  460,    3,
+ /*  1040 */   981,  898,  834,  898,    8,    8,  830,  830,  832,  833,
+ /*  1050 */    18,    8,    8,  458,  219, 1156,  362, 1103,  349,    8,
+ /*  1060 */     8,  240,  962,  963,  964,  236,  889,  444,  792,  336,
+ /*  1070 */   158,  203,  885,  435,  700,  209,  362,  114,  981,  838,
+ /*  1080 */   834,  227,  334, 1114,  441,   81,   82,  444,  442,  305,
+ /*  1090 */   784,  306,   83,  362,  462,  461,  369, 1162,  830,  838,
+ /*  1100 */   460, 1037,  237, 1030,  237,   81,   82,    7,   96,   96,
+ /*  1110 */    96,   96,   83,  362,  462,  461, 1019, 1018,  830, 1020,
+ /*  1120 */  1289,   37,   37,  400,   96,   96,   96,   96,   89,  830,
+ /*  1130 */   830,  832,  833,   18, 1100,  318,  962,  292,   94,   94,
+ /*  1140 */    94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  830,
+ /*  1150 */   830,  832,  833,   18,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*  1160 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  359,  358,  226,  226,  727,
+ /*  1170 */   294,  296,  460,  962,  963,  964,  460,  989,  160,  425,
+ /*  1180 */   170, 1295,  262,  460,  987,  374,  988,  386, 1145,  255,
+ /*  1190 */   326,  460,  373,   38,   38,  410,  174,   39,   39,  413,
+ /*  1200 */   460,  287,  460, 1053,   40,   40,  298,  728, 1220,  990,
+ /*  1210 */   445,  990,   26,   26, 1219,  460,  311,  460,  169, 1292,
+ /*  1220 */   460,   27,   27,   29,   29,  998,  460,  206,  135,  995,
+ /*  1230 */  1265, 1263,  460,   57,   60,  460,   41,   41,   42,   42,
+ /*  1240 */   460,   43,   43,  460,  343,  351,  460,    9,    9,  460,
+ /*  1250 */   144,  460,  130,   44,   44,  460,  103,  103,  460,  137,
+ /*  1260 */    70,   45,   45,  460,   46,   46,  460,   31,   31, 1142,
+ /*  1270 */    47,   47,   48,   48,  460,  376,   32,   32,  460,  122,
+ /*  1280 */   122,  460,  157,  460,  123,  123,  139,  124,  124,  460,
+ /*  1290 */   186,  460,  377,  460,  115,   54,   54,  460,  403,   33,
+ /*  1300 */    33,  460,  104,  104,   51,   51,  460,  161,  460,  140,
+ /*  1310 */   105,  105,  106,  106,  102,  102,  460,  141,  121,  121,
+ /*  1320 */   460,  142,  119,  119,  190,  460, 1152,  110,  110,  109,
+ /*  1330 */   109,  702,  460,  148,  393,   65,  460,  107,  107,  460,
+ /*  1340 */   323,  108,  108,  399,  460, 1234,   53,   53, 1214,  269,
+ /*  1350 */   154,  416, 1115,   55,   55,  220,  401,   52,   52,  191,
+ /*  1360 */    24,   24,  274,  192,  193,   28,   28, 1021,  328,  702,
+ /*  1370 */  1073,  352, 1072,  718, 1071,  431, 1111, 1064,  329, 1045,
+ /*  1380 */    69,  205,    6,  291, 1044,  286, 1112, 1043, 1304, 1110,
+ /*  1390 */   293,  300,  295,  297, 1063, 1200, 1109,   77,  241,  448,
+ /*  1400 */   356,  452,  436,  100,  214,   71,  434, 1027, 1093,   21,
+ /*  1410 */   463,  242,  243,  957,  215,  217,  218,  464,  309,  307,
+ /*  1420 */   308,  310, 1016,  125, 1250, 1251, 1011, 1249,  126,  127,
+ /*  1430 */  1248,  113,  676,  337,  238,  338,  134,  363,  167, 1041,
+ /*  1440 */  1040,   56,  247,  367,  180,  897,  111,  895,  136, 1038,
+ /*  1450 */   818,  128,  138,  750,  261,  911,  185,  143,  145,   61,
+ /*  1460 */    62,   63,   64,  129,  914,  187,  188,  910,  118,   12,
+ /*  1470 */   189,  903,  268,  992,  203,  162,  398,  150,  149,  691,
+ /*  1480 */   402,  288,  194,  406,  151,  411,   66,   13,  729,  239,
+ /*  1490 */   282,   14,   67,  131,  837,  836,  865,  758,   15,    4,
+ /*  1500 */    68,  762,  175,  222,  224,  424,  152,  869,  791,  202,
+ /*  1510 */   786,   75,   72,  880,  866,  864,   16,   17,  920,  207,
+ /*  1520 */   919,  208,  447,  946,  164,  211,  947,  210,  165,  451,
+ /*  1530 */   868,  166,  315,  835,  701,   85,  212, 1297,  312,  952,
+ /*  1540 */  1296,
 };
 static const YYCODETYPE yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */    19,  115,   19,  117,  118,   24,    1,    2,   27,   79,
- /*    10 */    80,   81,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
- /*    20 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  144,  145,  146,  147,   58,
- /*    30 */    49,   50,   79,   80,   81,   82,   22,   84,   85,   86,
- /*    40 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  221,  222,
- /*    50 */   223,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*    60 */    79,   80,   81,   82,   94,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*    70 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,   94,   97,  108,
- /*    80 */   109,  110,   99,  100,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,   32,
- /*    90 */   119,  120,   78,   27,  152,  112,   93,   94,   41,   88,
- /*   100 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   49,   50,   84,   85,
- /*   110 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   58,
- /*   120 */   157,  119,  120,  163,   68,  163,   65,   70,   71,   72,
- /*   130 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,
- /*   140 */   152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*   150 */    93,   94,   19,   97,   88,   89,  196,  101,  196,   26,
- /*   160 */   172,  173,   96,   97,   98,  210,  100,   22,  152,  108,
- /*   170 */   109,  110,   27,  107,   27,  109,  221,  222,  223,  219,
- /*   180 */   238,  219,   49,   50,  152,  169,  170,   54,  132,  133,
- /*   190 */   134,  228,  232,  171,  231,  207,  208,  237,  132,  237,
- /*   200 */   134,  179,   19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   210 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   220 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   27,   65,
- /*   230 */    30,  152,   49,   50,   34,   52,   90,   91,   92,   93,
- /*   240 */    94,   96,   97,   98,   97,   22,  230,   27,   48,  217,
- /*   250 */    27,  172,  173,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   260 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  172,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   270 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  148,
- /*   280 */   149,  152,  218,   24,  152,  154,  207,  156,  172,  152,
- /*   290 */    22,   68,   27,  152,  163,   27,  164,   96,   97,   98,
- /*   300 */    99,  172,  173,  102,  103,  104,  169,  170,   49,   50,
- /*   310 */    90,   88,   89,  152,  113,  186,   96,   97,   98,   96,
- /*   320 */    97,  160,   57,   27,  101,  164,  137,  196,  139,   70,
- /*   330 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   340 */    81,   82,   11,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   350 */    91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  132,  133,  134,   23,  218,
- /*   360 */   152,   96,   97,   98,   96,   97,   98,  230,   99,   22,
- /*   370 */   152,  102,  103,  104,   27,  244,  152,  152,   27,   26,
- /*   380 */   152,   22,  113,   65,   49,   50,   27,  194,  195,   58,
- /*   390 */   172,  173,   96,   97,   98,  185,   65,  172,  173,  206,
- /*   400 */   172,  173,  190,  191,  186,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   410 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  175,   84,
- /*   420 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,
- /*   430 */    19,  175,  207,  208,   23,  207,  208,  119,  120,  108,
- /*   440 */   109,  110,   27,   96,   97,   98,  116,   96,   97,   98,
- /*   450 */   152,  121,  152,  179,  180,   96,   97,   98,  250,  106,
- /*   460 */    49,   50,  188,   19,  221,  222,  223,  168,  169,  170,
- /*   470 */   172,  173,  172,  173,  250,  124,  172,  221,  222,  223,
- /*   480 */    26,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   490 */    79,   80,   81,   82,   50,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   500 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  207,  208,   12,
- /*   510 */    23,   96,   97,   98,  221,  222,  223,  194,  195,  152,
- /*   520 */   199,   23,   19,  225,   26,   28,  152,  152,  152,  206,
- /*   530 */   209,  164,  190,  191,  241,  152,   49,   50,  152,  124,
- /*   540 */   152,   44,  219,   46,  152,   21,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   550 */   183,  107,  185,   16,  163,   58,  112,   70,   71,   72,
- /*   560 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,
- /*   570 */   152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*   580 */    93,   94,   19,  207,  130,  152,   23,  196,   64,  152,
- /*   590 */   172,  173,   22,  152,   24,  152,   98,   27,   61,   96,
- /*   600 */    63,   26,  211,  212,  186,  172,  173,   49,   50,  172,
- /*   610 */   173,   23,   49,   50,   26,  172,  173,   88,   89,  186,
- /*   620 */    24,  238,  124,   27,  238,   22,   23,  103,  187,   26,
- /*   630 */   152,   73,   74,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   640 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   650 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  101,
- /*   660 */   152,  132,   23,  134,  140,  152,   12,   97,   36,  168,
- /*   670 */   169,  170,   69,   98,  152,   22,   23,  140,   50,   26,
- /*   680 */   172,  173,   28,   51,  152,  172,  173,  193,   49,   50,
- /*   690 */    22,   59,   24,   97,  172,  173,  152,  152,   44,  124,
- /*   700 */    46,    0,    1,    2,  172,  173,   22,   23,   19,   70,
- /*   710 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   720 */    81,   82,   69,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   730 */    91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  107,  152,  193,   49,   50,
- /*   740 */   181,   22,   23,  111,  108,  109,  110,    7,    8,    9,
- /*   750 */    16,  247,  248,   69,  172,  173,  172,  173,  152,   70,
- /*   760 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   770 */    81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   780 */    91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  152,  242,  152,   69,  152,
- /*   790 */   166,  167,  172,  173,   32,   61,  152,   63,  152,  193,
- /*   800 */   152,  152,  152,   41,  152,  172,  173,  172,  173,  172,
- /*   810 */   173,  152,  152,  152,   49,   50,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   820 */   172,  173,  172,  173,  172,  173,  132,  138,  134,  152,
- /*   830 */   152,  172,  173,  172,  173,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   840 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,
- /*   850 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,
- /*   860 */    19,  152,   22,  152,  195,   24,  152,   27,  172,  173,
- /*   870 */   193,  193,  152,  152,  152,  206,  152,  217,  152,  152,
- /*   880 */   152,  172,  173,  172,  173,  152,  172,  173,  152,  152,
- /*   890 */    49,   50,  172,  173,  172,  173,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   900 */   172,  173,  152,  138,  152,  172,  173,  108,  109,  110,
- /*   910 */    19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   920 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   930 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,   97,  152,  152,
- /*   940 */    49,   50,   26,  193,  172,  173,  152,  152,  152,  146,
- /*   950 */   147,  132,  152,  134,  217,  181,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   960 */    19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   970 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   980 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  193,  152,  193,
- /*   990 */    49,   50,  181,  193,  172,  173,  166,  167,  245,  246,
- /*  1000 */   211,  212,  152,   22,  217,  152,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1010 */    19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*  1020 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1030 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  187,  152,  123,
- /*  1040 */    49,   50,   23,   23,   23,   26,   26,   26,   23,   23,
- /*  1050 */    23,   26,   26,   26,    7,    8,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1060 */    19,   90,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*  1070 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1080 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  116,  152,  217,
- /*  1090 */    49,   50,  121,   23,  172,  173,   26,  100,  101,   27,
- /*  1100 */   101,   27,   23,  122,  152,   26,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1110 */   152,  112,  163,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*  1120 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  163,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1130 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,   20,  152,   22,
- /*  1140 */    23,  152,  163,   65,   27,  196,  163,   19,   20,   23,
- /*  1150 */    22,  213,   26,   19,   37,   27,  152,  196,  172,  173,
- /*  1160 */   152,  172,  173,   27,   23,   37,  152,   26,  152,   97,
- /*  1170 */   152,   97,  210,   56,  163,  196,  163,  163,  100,  196,
- /*  1180 */   172,  173,   65,  152,   56,   68,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1190 */   172,  173,  152,   65,  163,  163,   68,   23,  152,  234,
- /*  1200 */    26,  152,  152,  172,  173,   88,   89,  196,  152,  196,
- /*  1210 */   196,  152,   95,   96,   97,   98,   88,   89,  101,  152,
- /*  1220 */   152,  207,  208,   95,   96,   97,   98,  196,  196,  101,
- /*  1230 */    96,  233,  152,   97,  152,  152,   19,   20,  207,   22,
- /*  1240 */   152,  152,  152,  191,   27,  152,  152,  152,  152,  132,
- /*  1250 */   133,  134,  135,  136,   37,  152,  152,  152,  152,  152,
- /*  1260 */   132,  133,  134,  135,  136,  210,  197,  210,  210,  198,
- /*  1270 */   150,  184,  239,   56,  201,  214,  214,  201,  239,  180,
- /*  1280 */   214,  227,  198,   38,  176,   68,  175,  175,  175,  122,
- /*  1290 */   155,  200,  159,   19,   20,   40,   22,  159,  159,   22,
- /*  1300 */    70,   27,  130,  243,  240,   88,   89,   90,  189,   18,
- /*  1310 */   201,   37,   95,   96,   97,   98,  192,    5,  101,  192,
- /*  1320 */   220,  240,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  159,   18,   17,
- /*  1330 */    56,  158,  192,  201,  192,  220,  189,  189,  201,  159,
- /*  1340 */   158,  137,   68,   31,   45,   33,  236,  159,  159,  132,
- /*  1350 */   133,  134,  135,  136,   42,  158,  235,   22,  177,  159,
- /*  1360 */   158,  158,   88,   89,  159,  107,  174,   55,  177,   95,
- /*  1370 */    96,   97,   98,  174,   62,  101,   47,   65,   66,  106,
- /*  1380 */   174,  125,   19,   20,  174,   22,  177,  176,  174,  182,
- /*  1390 */    27,  216,  174,  174,  182,  107,  159,   22,  215,  215,
- /*  1400 */    37,  216,  216,  216,  137,  215,  132,  133,  134,  135,
- /*  1410 */   136,  215,  159,  177,   94,  177,  129,  224,  205,   56,
- /*  1420 */   226,  126,  128,  203,  229,  204,  114,  229,  127,  202,
- /*  1430 */   201,   68,   25,  162,   26,   13,  161,  153,  153,    6,
- /*  1440 */   151,  151,  178,  151,  151,  165,  165,  178,  165,    4,
- /*  1450 */   249,   88,   89,  141,    3,  142,   22,  249,   95,   96,
- /*  1460 */    97,   98,  246,   15,  101,   67,   16,   23,  120,   23,
- /*  1470 */   131,  111,  123,   20,   16,  125,    1,  123,  131,   78,
- /*  1480 */    78,   78,   78,  111,   96,    1,  122,   35,    5,   22,
- /*  1490 */   107,  140,   53,   53,   26,  132,  133,  134,  135,  136,
- /*  1500 */    43,   60,  107,   24,  112,   20,   19,   52,   22,   29,
- /*  1510 */   105,   22,   22,   52,   23,   22,   22,   52,   23,   23,
- /*  1520 */    39,   23,  116,   26,   22,   26,   23,   22,   96,   23,
- /*  1530 */    23,  122,   22,   24,  124,   35,   35,   26,   26,   35,
- /*  1540 */    23,   23,   23,   23,   11,   23,   22,   26,   23,   22,
- /*  1550 */   122,   23,   26,   22,   24,   23,   22,  122,   23,   23,
- /*  1560 */    22,   15,   23,    1,  122,  122,
+ /*     0 */   144,  145,  146,  147,  172,  222,  223,  224,  222,  223,
+ /*    10 */   224,  152,  180,  152,  148,  149,  152,  173,  176,   19,
+ /*    20 */   154,  173,  156,  152,  163,  242,  152,  163,  176,  163,
+ /*    30 */    26,   31,  173,  174,  173,  174,  173,  173,  174,   39,
+ /*    40 */     1,    2,  152,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    50 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  197,  169,
+ /*    60 */   170,  197,  188,  197,  222,  223,  224,  208,  209,  208,
+ /*    70 */   209,   19,  208,  152,  222,  223,  224,   22,   26,   24,
+ /*    80 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*    90 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   100 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   110 */   106,  245,  157,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,
+ /*   120 */    68,  231,  251,   19,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*   130 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  101,   84,   85,   86,   87,
+ /*   140 */    88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,
+ /*   150 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
+ /*   160 */    56,   57,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   82,   79,   99,
+ /*   170 */    66,  200,  102,  103,  104,   19,  168,  169,  170,  152,
+ /*   180 */    24,  210,   97,  113,  229,   59,  101,  232,   84,   85,
+ /*   190 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,
+ /*   200 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
+ /*   210 */    54,   55,   56,   57,  152,  188,  152,  132,  133,  134,
+ /*   220 */    93,   94,   96,   97,   98,   99,  152,   19,  102,  103,
+ /*   230 */   104,   23,   94,   72,   79,  173,  174,  173,  174,  113,
+ /*   240 */    84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,
+ /*   250 */    94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   260 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  152,  171,  152,  108,
+ /*   270 */   109,  110,  208,  209,  119,  120,  152,  180,  181,   19,
+ /*   280 */   119,  120,  152,   23,  152,  152,  189,  173,  174,  173,
+ /*   290 */   174,   59,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
+ /*   300 */    92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   310 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  222,  223,
+ /*   320 */   224,  186,  208,  209,  208,  209,  194,  194,   96,   97,
+ /*   330 */    98,   19,  168,  169,  170,   23,   88,   89,  163,   59,
+ /*   340 */     0,    1,    2,  219,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*   350 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   360 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   370 */    90,  152,  197,  195,  196,  243,   96,   97,   98,  196,
+ /*   380 */   132,   11,  134,   19,  182,  207,  115,   23,  117,  118,
+ /*   390 */   207,  163,  173,  174,  152,  220,   84,   85,   86,   87,
+ /*   400 */    88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,
+ /*   410 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
+ /*   420 */    56,   57,  152,   16,  152,  197,  171,  208,   22,   23,
+ /*   430 */    22,   23,   26,   16,   26,   19,    7,    8,    9,   23,
+ /*   440 */   212,  213,  152,  173,  174,  173,  174,   19,   84,   85,
+ /*   450 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,
+ /*   460 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
+ /*   470 */    54,   55,   56,   57,   46,  152,  109,  110,  208,  109,
+ /*   480 */   110,  152,   75,  152,   77,   22,   23,   19,  233,   83,
+ /*   490 */   152,   83,   75,  238,   77,  164,  173,  174,  226,   59,
+ /*   500 */    84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,
+ /*   510 */    94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   520 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  108,  109,  110,  152,
+ /*   530 */   152,  152,   22,   22,   23,  107,   96,   97,   98,  160,
+ /*   540 */   112,  251,   19,  164,   22,  152,   83,  140,  219,  152,
+ /*   550 */   173,  174,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
+ /*   560 */    92,   93,   94,   59,  124,  152,   43,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*   570 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   580 */    57,   59,  169,  170,  119,  120,   82,  108,  109,  110,
+ /*   590 */   191,  192,  191,  192,   83,  248,  249,   19,   88,   89,
+ /*   600 */    96,   97,   24,  152,  152,  101,  138,   84,   85,   86,
+ /*   610 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   96,   97,
+ /*   620 */    98,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   630 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  132,  133,  134,  152,
+ /*   640 */   152,   46,  152,   26,  231,  194,  194,  146,  147,   19,
+ /*   650 */   152,  116,  152,   72,  152,  152,  121,  152,  152,  152,
+ /*   660 */    79,  138,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
+ /*   670 */    92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   680 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  152,  108,
+ /*   690 */    23,  152,  194,   26,  194,  152,  194,  194,  137,  152,
+ /*   700 */   139,   19,  107,  166,  167,  218,  218,   29,  218,  173,
+ /*   710 */   174,   33,  173,  174,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*   720 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   730 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   740 */   152,  194,   64,  171,  239,  239,  239,  130,  166,  167,
+ /*   750 */   212,  213,   19,   23,  246,  247,   26,   59,   26,  152,
+ /*   760 */   163,  218,  163,  163,  163,   98,   84,   85,   86,   87,
+ /*   770 */    88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*   780 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   790 */    57,  124,   26,   79,  197,   97,  197,  197,  197,   31,
+ /*   800 */   152,   23,   19,   19,   26,   19,  218,   39,   23,   21,
+ /*   810 */   238,   26,  163,  163,  100,   59,  163,   84,   85,   86,
+ /*   820 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   45,   46,
+ /*   830 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   840 */    57,   19,   20,  152,   22,   23,  197,  197,   23,   19,
+ /*   850 */   197,   26,  152,   97,   23,  123,   23,   26,   36,   26,
+ /*   860 */   152,  152,   19,   20,   98,   22,   78,   84,   85,   86,
+ /*   870 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   94,   36,
+ /*   880 */   152,   59,   96,   99,  100,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,
+ /*   890 */   124,  103,   70,  100,  101,   23,  112,   12,   26,   12,
+ /*   900 */    23,   79,   59,   26,   82,  101,   22,    7,    8,  152,
+ /*   910 */    88,   89,   27,   70,   27,  152,  112,   95,   96,   97,
+ /*   920 */    98,  152,   79,  101,   22,   82,   96,   42,  140,   42,
+ /*   930 */   182,   88,   89,   19,   20,  132,   22,  134,   95,   96,
+ /*   940 */    97,   98,   23,   59,  101,   26,   22,   62,  152,   62,
+ /*   950 */    36,   22,   59,   24,  132,  133,  134,  135,  136,   72,
+ /*   960 */     5,   59,  152,   22,   71,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,
+ /*   970 */   152,  152,   17,   59,  182,  132,  133,  134,  135,  136,
+ /*   980 */    96,   97,   98,   59,   70,   30,  152,   32,   59,   96,
+ /*   990 */    97,   98,  173,  174,   53,   40,   82,  152,   96,   97,
+ /*  1000 */    98,   90,   88,   89,   90,   24,  187,  173,  174,   95,
+ /*  1010 */    96,   97,   98,  152,  152,  101,   19,   20,  152,   22,
+ /*  1020 */    96,   97,   98,  152,   69,   59,   97,  116,   59,  214,
+ /*  1030 */   152,   76,  121,   36,   79,   80,   19,   20,  152,   22,
+ /*  1040 */    59,  132,   59,  134,  173,  174,  132,  133,  134,  135,
+ /*  1050 */   136,  173,  174,   36,  234,  152,   59,  152,  187,  173,
+ /*  1060 */   174,  211,   96,   97,   98,  187,   97,   70,   23,  114,
+ /*  1070 */   152,   26,   23,  187,   23,   26,   59,   26,   97,   82,
+ /*  1080 */    97,   22,  164,  152,  152,   88,   89,   70,  192,  152,
+ /*  1090 */   124,  152,   95,   96,   97,   98,  141,  152,  101,   82,
+ /*  1100 */   152,  152,  184,  152,  186,   88,   89,  199,   54,   55,
+ /*  1110 */    56,   57,   95,   96,   97,   98,  152,  152,  101,  152,
+ /*  1120 */   152,  173,  174,  235,   54,   55,   56,   57,   58,  132,
+ /*  1130 */   133,  134,  135,  136,  211,  150,   59,  211,   84,   85,
+ /*  1140 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  132,
+ /*  1150 */   133,  134,  135,  136,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*  1160 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   88,   89,  195,  196,   35,
+ /*  1170 */   211,  211,  152,   96,   97,   98,  152,  100,  198,  207,
+ /*  1180 */   171,  122,  240,  152,  107,  215,  109,  240,  202,  215,
+ /*  1190 */   202,  152,  220,  173,  174,  177,  185,  173,  174,   65,
+ /*  1200 */   152,  176,  152,  181,  173,  174,  215,   73,  176,  132,
+ /*  1210 */   228,  134,  173,  174,  176,  152,  201,  152,  199,  155,
+ /*  1220 */   152,  173,  174,  173,  174,   60,  152,  122,  244,   38,
+ /*  1230 */   159,  159,  152,  241,  241,  152,  173,  174,  173,  174,
+ /*  1240 */   152,  173,  174,  152,  159,  111,  152,  173,  174,  152,
+ /*  1250 */    22,  152,   43,  173,  174,  152,  173,  174,  152,  190,
+ /*  1260 */   130,  173,  174,  152,  173,  174,  152,  173,  174,  202,
+ /*  1270 */   173,  174,  173,  174,  152,   18,  173,  174,  152,  173,
+ /*  1280 */   174,  152,  221,  152,  173,  174,  193,  173,  174,  152,
+ /*  1290 */   158,  152,  159,  152,   22,  173,  174,  152,   18,  173,
+ /*  1300 */   174,  152,  173,  174,  173,  174,  152,  221,  152,  193,
+ /*  1310 */   173,  174,  173,  174,  173,  174,  152,  193,  173,  174,
+ /*  1320 */   152,  193,  173,  174,  158,  152,  190,  173,  174,  173,
+ /*  1330 */   174,   59,  152,  190,  159,  137,  152,  173,  174,  152,
+ /*  1340 */   202,  173,  174,   61,  152,  237,  173,  174,  202,  236,
+ /*  1350 */    22,  107,  159,  173,  174,  159,  178,  173,  174,  158,
+ /*  1360 */   173,  174,  159,  158,  158,  173,  174,  159,  178,   97,
+ /*  1370 */   175,   63,  175,  106,  175,  125,  217,  183,  178,  175,
+ /*  1380 */   107,  159,   22,  216,  177,  175,  217,  175,  175,  217,
+ /*  1390 */   216,  159,  216,  216,  183,  225,  217,  137,  227,  178,
+ /*  1400 */    94,  178,  126,  129,   25,  128,  127,  162,  206,   26,
+ /*  1410 */   161,  230,  230,   13,  153,  153,    6,  151,  203,  205,
+ /*  1420 */   204,  202,  151,  165,  171,  171,  151,  171,  165,  165,
+ /*  1430 */   171,  179,    4,  250,  179,  250,  247,    3,   22,  171,
+ /*  1440 */   171,  171,  142,   81,   15,   23,   16,   23,  131,  171,
+ /*  1450 */   120,  111,  123,   20,   16,    1,  125,  123,  131,   53,
+ /*  1460 */    53,   53,   53,  111,   96,   34,  122,    1,    5,   22,
+ /*  1470 */   107,   67,  140,   74,   26,   24,   41,  107,   67,   20,
+ /*  1480 */    19,  112,  105,   66,   22,   66,   22,   22,   28,   66,
+ /*  1490 */    23,   22,   22,   37,   23,   23,   23,  116,   22,   22,
+ /*  1500 */    26,   23,  122,   23,   23,   26,   22,   11,   96,   34,
+ /*  1510 */   124,   26,   26,   23,   23,   23,   34,   34,   23,   26,
+ /*  1520 */    23,   22,   24,   23,   22,  122,   23,   26,   22,   24,
+ /*  1530 */    23,   22,   15,   23,   23,   22,  122,  122,   23,    1,
+ /*  1540 */   122,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1550 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1560 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1570 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1580 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1590 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1600 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1610 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1620 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1630 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1640 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1650 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1660 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1670 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1680 */   252,  252,  252,  252,
 };
-#define YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT (1566)
-#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (455)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MIN      (-114)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (1562)
-static const short yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */     5, 1117, 1312, 1128, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,   61,  -19,
- /*    10 */    57,   57,  183, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    20 */    66,   66,  201,  -29,  331,  318,  133,  259,  335,  411,
- /*    30 */   487,  563,  639,  689,  765,  841,  891,  891,  891,  891,
- /*    40 */   891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,
- /*    50 */   891,  891,  891,  941,  891,  991, 1041, 1041, 1217, 1274,
- /*    60 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    70 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    80 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    90 */  1363, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*   100 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,  -70,  -47,  -47,  -47,  -47,  -47,
- /*   110 */    24,   11,  146,  296,  524,  444,  529,  529,  296,    3,
- /*   120 */     2,  -30, 1566, 1566, 1566,  -17,  -17,  -17,  145,  145,
- /*   130 */   497,  497,  265,  603,  653,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,
- /*   140 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,
- /*   150 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  701, 1078,  147,  147,    2,
- /*   160 */   164,  164,  164,  164,  164,  164, 1566, 1566, 1566,  223,
- /*   170 */    56,   56,  268,  269,  220,  347,  351,  415,  359,  296,
- /*   180 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,
- /*   190 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  632,  632,  632,  296,  296,
- /*   200 */   498,  296,  296,  296,  570,  296,  296,  654,  296,  296,
- /*   210 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  636,  200,
- /*   220 */   596,  596,  596,  575, -114,  971,  740,  454,  503,  503,
- /*   230 */  1134,  454, 1134,  353,  588,  628,  762,  503,  189,  762,
- /*   240 */   762,  916,  330,  668, 1245, 1167, 1167, 1255, 1255, 1167,
- /*   250 */  1277, 1230, 1172, 1291, 1291, 1291, 1291, 1167, 1310, 1172,
- /*   260 */  1277, 1230, 1230, 1172, 1167, 1310, 1204, 1299, 1167, 1167,
- /*   270 */  1310, 1335, 1167, 1310, 1167, 1310, 1335, 1258, 1258, 1258,
- /*   280 */  1329, 1335, 1258, 1273, 1258, 1329, 1258, 1258, 1256, 1288,
- /*   290 */  1256, 1288, 1256, 1288, 1256, 1288, 1167, 1375, 1167, 1267,
- /*   300 */  1335, 1320, 1320, 1335, 1287, 1295, 1294, 1301, 1172, 1407,
- /*   310 */  1408, 1422, 1422, 1433, 1433, 1433, 1433, 1566, 1566, 1566,
- /*   320 */  1566, 1566, 1566, 1566, 1566,  558,  537,  684,  719,  734,
- /*   330 */   799,  840, 1019,   14, 1020, 1021, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1070,
- /*   340 */  1072,  997, 1047,  999, 1079, 1126, 1074, 1141,  694,  819,
- /*   350 */  1174, 1136,  981, 1445, 1451, 1434, 1313, 1448, 1398, 1450,
- /*   360 */  1444, 1446, 1348, 1339, 1360, 1349, 1453, 1350, 1458, 1475,
- /*   370 */  1354, 1347, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1372, 1388, 1452, 1364,
- /*   380 */  1484, 1483, 1467, 1383, 1351, 1439, 1468, 1440, 1441, 1457,
- /*   390 */  1395, 1479, 1485, 1487, 1392, 1405, 1486, 1455, 1489, 1490,
- /*   400 */  1491, 1493, 1461, 1480, 1494, 1465, 1481, 1495, 1496, 1498,
- /*   410 */  1497, 1406, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1499, 1409, 1506, 1507, 1432,
- /*   420 */  1500, 1510, 1410, 1511, 1501, 1512, 1504, 1517, 1511, 1518,
- /*   430 */  1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1524, 1533, 1525, 1527, 1509, 1526,
- /*   440 */  1528, 1531, 1530, 1526, 1532, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1538, 1428,
- /*   450 */  1435, 1442, 1443, 1539, 1546, 1562,
+#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (465)
+#define YY_SHIFT_MIN      (0)
+#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (1538)
+static const unsigned short int yy_shift_ofst[] = {
+ /*     0 */    39,  822,  955,  843,  997,  997,  997,  997,    0,    0,
+ /*    10 */   104,  630,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997, 1077,
+ /*    20 */  1077,  126,  161,  155,   52,  156,  208,  260,  312,  364,
+ /*    30 */   416,  468,  523,  578,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,
+ /*    40 */   630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,
+ /*    50 */   630,  682,  630,  733,  783,  783,  914,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*    60 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*    70 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*    80 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997, 1017,  997,
+ /*    90 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*   100 */   997,  997, 1070, 1054, 1054, 1054, 1054, 1054,   40,   25,
+ /*   110 */    72,  232,  788,  428,  248,  248,  232,  581,  367,  127,
+ /*   120 */   465,  138, 1541, 1541, 1541,  784,  784,  784,  522,  522,
+ /*   130 */   887,  887,  893,  406,  408,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,
+ /*   140 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,
+ /*   150 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  370,  340,  714,  698,  698,
+ /*   160 */   465,   89,   89,   89,   89,   89,   89, 1541, 1541, 1541,
+ /*   170 */   504,   85,   85,  884,   70,  280,  902,  440,  966,  924,
+ /*   180 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,
+ /*   190 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232, 1134, 1134, 1134,  232,
+ /*   200 */   232,  667,  232,  232,  232,  929,  232,  232,  885,  232,
+ /*   210 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  418,
+ /*   220 */   678,  981,  981,  981,  981,  766,  271,  911,  510,  429,
+ /*   230 */   617,  786,  786,  830,  617,  830,    4,  730,  595,  768,
+ /*   240 */   786,  561,  768,  768,  732,  535,   55, 1165, 1105, 1105,
+ /*   250 */  1191, 1191, 1105, 1228, 1209, 1130, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257,
+ /*   260 */  1105, 1280, 1130, 1228, 1209, 1209, 1130, 1105, 1280, 1198,
+ /*   270 */  1282, 1105, 1105, 1280, 1328, 1105, 1280, 1105, 1280, 1328,
+ /*   280 */  1244, 1244, 1244, 1308, 1328, 1244, 1267, 1244, 1308, 1244,
+ /*   290 */  1244, 1250, 1273, 1250, 1273, 1250, 1273, 1250, 1273, 1105,
+ /*   300 */  1360, 1105, 1260, 1328, 1306, 1306, 1328, 1274, 1276, 1277,
+ /*   310 */  1279, 1130, 1379, 1383, 1400, 1400, 1410, 1410, 1410, 1541,
+ /*   320 */  1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541,
+ /*   330 */  1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541,   34,  407,  463,  511,  417,
+ /*   340 */   479, 1272,  778,  941,  785,  825,  831,  833,  872,  877,
+ /*   350 */   756,  793,  900,  804,  919, 1045,  969, 1049,  803,  909,
+ /*   360 */  1051,  983, 1059, 1428, 1434, 1416, 1300, 1429, 1362, 1430,
+ /*   370 */  1422, 1424, 1330, 1317, 1340, 1329, 1433, 1331, 1438, 1454,
+ /*   380 */  1334, 1327, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1352, 1368, 1431, 1344,
+ /*   390 */  1466, 1463, 1447, 1363, 1332, 1404, 1448, 1411, 1399, 1435,
+ /*   400 */  1370, 1451, 1459, 1461, 1369, 1377, 1462, 1417, 1464, 1465,
+ /*   410 */  1467, 1469, 1419, 1460, 1470, 1423, 1456, 1471, 1472, 1473,
+ /*   420 */  1474, 1381, 1476, 1478, 1477, 1479, 1380, 1480, 1481, 1412,
+ /*   430 */  1475, 1484, 1386, 1485, 1482, 1486, 1483, 1490, 1485, 1491,
+ /*   440 */  1492, 1495, 1493, 1497, 1499, 1496, 1500, 1502, 1498, 1501,
+ /*   450 */  1503, 1506, 1505, 1501, 1507, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1513, 1403,
+ /*   460 */  1414, 1415, 1418, 1515, 1517, 1538,
 };
-#define YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT (-174)
-#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (324)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-173)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1293)
+#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (334)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-217)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1278)
 static const short yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */  -119, 1014,  131, 1031,  -12,  225,  228,  300,  -40,  -45,
- /*    10 */   243,  256,  293,  129,  218,  418,   79,  376,  433,  298,
- /*    20 */    16,  137,  367,  323,  -38,  391, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*    30 */  -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*    40 */  -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*    50 */  -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,  374,  437,
- /*    60 */   443,  508,  513,  522,  532,  582,  584,  620,  633,  635,
- /*    70 */   637,  644,  646,  648,  650,  652,  659,  661,  696,  709,
- /*    80 */   711,  714,  720,  722,  724,  726,  728,  733,  772,  784,
- /*    90 */   786,  822,  834,  836,  884,  886,  922,  934,  936,  986,
- /*   100 */   989, 1008, 1016, 1018, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*   110 */  -173, -173, -173,  544,  -37,  274,  299,  501,  161, -173,
- /*   120 */   193, -173, -173, -173, -173,   22,   22,   22,   64,  141,
- /*   130 */   212,  342,  208,  504,  504,  132,  494,  606,  677,  678,
- /*   140 */   750,  794,  796,  -58,   32,  383,  660,  737,  386,  787,
- /*   150 */   800,  441,  872,  224,  850,  803,  949,  624,  830,  669,
- /*   160 */   961,  979,  983, 1011, 1013, 1032,  753,  789,  321,   94,
- /*   170 */   116,  304,  375,  210,  388,  392,  478,  545,  649,  721,
- /*   180 */   727,  736,  752,  795,  853,  952,  958, 1004, 1040, 1046,
- /*   190 */  1049, 1050, 1056, 1059, 1067,  559,  774,  811, 1068, 1080,
- /*   200 */   938, 1082, 1083, 1088,  962, 1089, 1090, 1052, 1093, 1094,
- /*   210 */  1095,  388, 1096, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107,  965,  998,
- /*   220 */  1055, 1057, 1058,  938, 1069, 1071, 1120, 1073, 1061, 1062,
- /*   230 */  1033, 1076, 1039, 1108, 1087, 1099, 1111, 1066, 1054, 1112,
- /*   240 */  1113, 1091, 1084, 1135, 1060, 1133, 1138, 1064, 1081, 1139,
- /*   250 */  1100, 1119, 1109, 1124, 1127, 1140, 1142, 1168, 1173, 1132,
- /*   260 */  1115, 1147, 1148, 1137, 1180, 1182, 1110, 1121, 1188, 1189,
- /*   270 */  1197, 1181, 1200, 1202, 1205, 1203, 1191, 1192, 1199, 1206,
- /*   280 */  1207, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1214, 1212, 1218, 1219, 1175, 1183,
- /*   290 */  1185, 1184, 1186, 1190, 1187, 1196, 1237, 1193, 1253, 1194,
- /*   300 */  1236, 1195, 1198, 1238, 1213, 1221, 1220, 1227, 1229, 1271,
- /*   310 */  1275, 1284, 1285, 1289, 1290, 1292, 1293, 1201, 1208, 1216,
- /*   320 */  1280, 1281, 1264, 1269, 1283,
+ /*     0 */  -144, -139, -134, -136, -141,   64,  114,  116, -158, -148,
+ /*    10 */  -217,   96,  819,  871,  878,  219,  270,  886,  272, -110,
+ /*    20 */   413,  918,  972,  228, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*    30 */  -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*    40 */  -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*    50 */  -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,   62,  323,  377,  536,
+ /*    60 */   539,  834,  948, 1020, 1024, 1031, 1039, 1048, 1050, 1063,
+ /*    70 */  1065, 1068, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1088, 1091, 1094, 1097, 1099,
+ /*    80 */  1103, 1106, 1111, 1114, 1122, 1126, 1129, 1131, 1137, 1139,
+ /*    90 */  1141, 1145, 1149, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1168, 1173, 1180, 1184,
+ /*   100 */  1187, 1192, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*   110 */  -214,  132,  -45,   97,    8,  164,  379,  175,  255, -214,
+ /*   120 */   178, -214, -214, -214, -214, -168, -168, -168,  124,  329,
+ /*   130 */   399,  401, -129,  347,  347,  331,  133,  451,  452,  498,
+ /*   140 */   500,  502,  503,  505,  487,  506,  488,  490,  507,  543,
+ /*   150 */   547, -126,  588,  290,   27,  572,  501,  597,  537,  582,
+ /*   160 */   183,  599,  600,  601,  649,  650,  653,  508,  538,  -29,
+ /*   170 */  -156, -152, -137,  -79,  135,   74,  130,  242,  338,  378,
+ /*   180 */   393,  397,  607,  648,  691,  700,  708,  709,  728,  757,
+ /*   190 */   763,  769,  796,  810,  818,  845,  202,  748,  792,  861,
+ /*   200 */   862,  815,  866,  903,  905,  850,  931,  932,  896,  937,
+ /*   210 */   939,  945,   74,  949,  951,  964,  965,  967,  968,  888,
+ /*   220 */   820,  923,  926,  959,  960,  815,  980,  908, 1009,  985,
+ /*   230 */   986,  970,  974,  942,  988,  947, 1018, 1011, 1022, 1025,
+ /*   240 */   991,  982, 1032, 1038, 1015, 1019, 1064,  984, 1071, 1072,
+ /*   250 */   992,  993, 1085, 1061, 1069, 1067, 1093, 1116, 1124, 1128,
+ /*   260 */  1133, 1132, 1138, 1086, 1136, 1143, 1146, 1175, 1166, 1108,
+ /*   270 */  1113, 1193, 1196, 1201, 1178, 1203, 1205, 1208, 1206, 1190,
+ /*   280 */  1195, 1197, 1199, 1194, 1200, 1204, 1207, 1210, 1211, 1212,
+ /*   290 */  1213, 1159, 1167, 1169, 1174, 1172, 1176, 1179, 1177, 1222,
+ /*   300 */  1170, 1232, 1171, 1221, 1181, 1182, 1223, 1202, 1214, 1216,
+ /*   310 */  1215, 1219, 1245, 1249, 1261, 1262, 1266, 1271, 1275, 1183,
+ /*   320 */  1185, 1189, 1258, 1253, 1254, 1256, 1259, 1263, 1252, 1255,
+ /*   330 */  1268, 1269, 1270, 1278, 1264,
 };
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */  1280, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1202, 1202, 1202, 1202, 1270, 1096,
- /*    10 */  1125, 1125, 1254, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1201,
- /*    20 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1270, 1100, 1131, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    30 */  1332, 1203, 1204, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1253, 1255, 1141, 1140,
- /*    40 */  1139, 1138, 1236, 1112, 1136, 1129, 1133, 1203, 1197, 1198,
- /*    50 */  1196, 1200, 1204, 1332, 1132, 1167, 1181, 1166, 1332, 1332,
- /*    60 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    70 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    80 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    90 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   100 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1175, 1180, 1187, 1179, 1176, 1169,
- /*   110 */  1168, 1170, 1171, 1332, 1019, 1067, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1172,
- /*   120 */  1332, 1173, 1184, 1183, 1182, 1261, 1288, 1287, 1332, 1332,
- /*   130 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   140 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   150 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1280, 1270, 1025, 1025, 1332,
- /*   160 */  1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1266, 1100, 1091, 1332,
- /*   170 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   180 */  1258, 1256, 1332, 1217, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   190 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   200 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1096, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   210 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1282, 1332, 1231,
- /*   220 */  1096, 1096, 1096, 1098, 1080, 1090, 1004, 1135, 1114, 1114,
- /*   230 */  1321, 1135, 1321, 1042, 1302, 1039, 1125, 1114, 1199, 1125,
- /*   240 */  1125, 1097, 1090, 1332, 1324, 1105, 1105, 1323, 1323, 1105,
- /*   250 */  1146, 1070, 1135, 1076, 1076, 1076, 1076, 1105, 1016, 1135,
- /*   260 */  1146, 1070, 1070, 1135, 1105, 1016, 1235, 1318, 1105, 1105,
- /*   270 */  1016, 1210, 1105, 1016, 1105, 1016, 1210, 1068, 1068, 1068,
- /*   280 */  1057, 1210, 1068, 1042, 1068, 1057, 1068, 1068, 1118, 1113,
- /*   290 */  1118, 1113, 1118, 1113, 1118, 1113, 1105, 1205, 1105, 1332,
- /*   300 */  1210, 1214, 1214, 1210, 1130, 1119, 1128, 1126, 1135, 1022,
- /*   310 */  1060, 1285, 1285, 1281, 1281, 1281, 1281, 1329, 1329, 1266,
- /*   320 */  1297, 1297, 1044, 1044, 1297, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   330 */  1332, 1292, 1332, 1219, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   340 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   350 */  1332, 1332, 1152, 1332, 1000, 1263, 1332, 1332, 1262, 1332,
- /*   360 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   370 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1320,
- /*   380 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1234, 1233, 1332, 1332,
- /*   390 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   400 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   410 */  1332, 1082, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1306, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   420 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1127, 1332, 1120, 1332, 1332, 1311, 1332,
- /*   430 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1272,
- /*   440 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1271, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1154,
- /*   450 */  1332, 1153, 1157, 1332, 1010, 1332,
+ /*     0 */  1286, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1209, 1209, 1209, 1209, 1133, 1133,
+ /*    10 */  1260, 1036, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1208, 1005,
+ /*    20 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1108, 1139, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1210,
+ /*    30 */  1211, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1259, 1261, 1149, 1148, 1147, 1146,
+ /*    40 */  1242, 1120, 1144, 1137, 1141, 1210, 1204, 1205, 1203, 1207,
+ /*    50 */  1211, 1005, 1140, 1174, 1188, 1173, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    60 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    70 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    80 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    90 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   100 */  1005, 1005, 1182, 1187, 1194, 1186, 1183, 1176, 1175, 1177,
+ /*   110 */  1178, 1005, 1026, 1075, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1276, 1036, 1179,
+ /*   120 */  1005, 1180, 1191, 1190, 1189, 1267, 1294, 1293, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   130 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   140 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   150 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1036, 1286, 1276, 1032, 1032,
+ /*   160 */  1005, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1272, 1108, 1099,
+ /*   170 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   180 */  1005, 1264, 1262, 1005, 1224, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   190 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   200 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1104, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   210 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1288, 1005,
+ /*   220 */  1237, 1104, 1104, 1104, 1104, 1106, 1088, 1098, 1036, 1012,
+ /*   230 */  1143, 1122, 1122, 1327, 1143, 1327, 1050, 1308, 1047, 1133,
+ /*   240 */  1122, 1206, 1133, 1133, 1105, 1098, 1005, 1330, 1113, 1113,
+ /*   250 */  1329, 1329, 1113, 1154, 1078, 1143, 1084, 1084, 1084, 1084,
+ /*   260 */  1113, 1023, 1143, 1154, 1078, 1078, 1143, 1113, 1023, 1241,
+ /*   270 */  1324, 1113, 1113, 1023, 1217, 1113, 1023, 1113, 1023, 1217,
+ /*   280 */  1076, 1076, 1076, 1065, 1217, 1076, 1050, 1076, 1065, 1076,
+ /*   290 */  1076, 1126, 1121, 1126, 1121, 1126, 1121, 1126, 1121, 1113,
+ /*   300 */  1212, 1113, 1005, 1217, 1221, 1221, 1217, 1138, 1127, 1136,
+ /*   310 */  1134, 1143, 1029, 1068, 1291, 1291, 1287, 1287, 1287, 1335,
+ /*   320 */  1335, 1272, 1303, 1036, 1036, 1036, 1036, 1303, 1052, 1052,
+ /*   330 */  1036, 1036, 1036, 1036, 1303, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   340 */  1005, 1298, 1005, 1226, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   350 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   360 */  1005, 1005, 1159, 1005, 1008, 1269, 1005, 1005, 1268, 1005,
+ /*   370 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   380 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1326,
+ /*   390 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1240, 1239, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   400 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   410 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   420 */  1005, 1090, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1312, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   430 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1135, 1005, 1128, 1005, 1005, 1317, 1005,
+ /*   440 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1278,
+ /*   450 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1277, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1161,
+ /*   460 */  1005, 1160, 1164, 1005, 1017, 1005,
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
@@ -136456,73 +138929,87 @@
 static const YYCODETYPE yyFallback[] = {
     0,  /*          $ => nothing */
     0,  /*       SEMI => nothing */
-   27,  /*    EXPLAIN => ID */
-   27,  /*      QUERY => ID */
-   27,  /*       PLAN => ID */
-   27,  /*      BEGIN => ID */
+   59,  /*    EXPLAIN => ID */
+   59,  /*      QUERY => ID */
+   59,  /*       PLAN => ID */
+   59,  /*      BEGIN => ID */
     0,  /* TRANSACTION => nothing */
-   27,  /*   DEFERRED => ID */
-   27,  /*  IMMEDIATE => ID */
-   27,  /*  EXCLUSIVE => ID */
+   59,  /*   DEFERRED => ID */
+   59,  /*  IMMEDIATE => ID */
+   59,  /*  EXCLUSIVE => ID */
     0,  /*     COMMIT => nothing */
-   27,  /*        END => ID */
-   27,  /*   ROLLBACK => ID */
-   27,  /*  SAVEPOINT => ID */
-   27,  /*    RELEASE => ID */
+   59,  /*        END => ID */
+   59,  /*   ROLLBACK => ID */
+   59,  /*  SAVEPOINT => ID */
+   59,  /*    RELEASE => ID */
     0,  /*         TO => nothing */
     0,  /*      TABLE => nothing */
     0,  /*     CREATE => nothing */
-   27,  /*         IF => ID */
+   59,  /*         IF => ID */
     0,  /*        NOT => nothing */
     0,  /*     EXISTS => nothing */
-   27,  /*       TEMP => ID */
+   59,  /*       TEMP => ID */
     0,  /*         LP => nothing */
     0,  /*         RP => nothing */
     0,  /*         AS => nothing */
-   27,  /*    WITHOUT => ID */
+   59,  /*    WITHOUT => ID */
     0,  /*      COMMA => nothing */
+   59,  /*      ABORT => ID */
+   59,  /*     ACTION => ID */
+   59,  /*      AFTER => ID */
+   59,  /*    ANALYZE => ID */
+   59,  /*        ASC => ID */
+   59,  /*     ATTACH => ID */
+   59,  /*     BEFORE => ID */
+   59,  /*         BY => ID */
+   59,  /*    CASCADE => ID */
+   59,  /*       CAST => ID */
+   59,  /*   CONFLICT => ID */
+   59,  /*   DATABASE => ID */
+   59,  /*       DESC => ID */
+   59,  /*     DETACH => ID */
+   59,  /*       EACH => ID */
+   59,  /*       FAIL => ID */
+    0,  /*         OR => nothing */
+    0,  /*        AND => nothing */
+    0,  /*         IS => nothing */
+   59,  /*      MATCH => ID */
+   59,  /*    LIKE_KW => ID */
+    0,  /*    BETWEEN => nothing */
+    0,  /*         IN => nothing */
+    0,  /*     ISNULL => nothing */
+    0,  /*    NOTNULL => nothing */
+    0,  /*         NE => nothing */
+    0,  /*         EQ => nothing */
+    0,  /*         GT => nothing */
+    0,  /*         LE => nothing */
+    0,  /*         LT => nothing */
+    0,  /*         GE => nothing */
+    0,  /*     ESCAPE => nothing */
     0,  /*         ID => nothing */
-   27,  /*      ABORT => ID */
-   27,  /*     ACTION => ID */
-   27,  /*      AFTER => ID */
-   27,  /*    ANALYZE => ID */
-   27,  /*        ASC => ID */
-   27,  /*     ATTACH => ID */
-   27,  /*     BEFORE => ID */
-   27,  /*         BY => ID */
-   27,  /*    CASCADE => ID */
-   27,  /*       CAST => ID */
-   27,  /*   COLUMNKW => ID */
-   27,  /*   CONFLICT => ID */
-   27,  /*   DATABASE => ID */
-   27,  /*       DESC => ID */
-   27,  /*     DETACH => ID */
-   27,  /*       EACH => ID */
-   27,  /*       FAIL => ID */
-   27,  /*        FOR => ID */
-   27,  /*     IGNORE => ID */
-   27,  /*  INITIALLY => ID */
-   27,  /*    INSTEAD => ID */
-   27,  /*    LIKE_KW => ID */
-   27,  /*      MATCH => ID */
-   27,  /*         NO => ID */
-   27,  /*        KEY => ID */
-   27,  /*         OF => ID */
-   27,  /*     OFFSET => ID */
-   27,  /*     PRAGMA => ID */
-   27,  /*      RAISE => ID */
-   27,  /*  RECURSIVE => ID */
-   27,  /*    REPLACE => ID */
-   27,  /*   RESTRICT => ID */
-   27,  /*        ROW => ID */
-   27,  /*    TRIGGER => ID */
-   27,  /*     VACUUM => ID */
-   27,  /*       VIEW => ID */
-   27,  /*    VIRTUAL => ID */
-   27,  /*       WITH => ID */
-   27,  /*    REINDEX => ID */
-   27,  /*     RENAME => ID */
-   27,  /*   CTIME_KW => ID */
+   59,  /*   COLUMNKW => ID */
+   59,  /*        FOR => ID */
+   59,  /*     IGNORE => ID */
+   59,  /*  INITIALLY => ID */
+   59,  /*    INSTEAD => ID */
+   59,  /*         NO => ID */
+   59,  /*        KEY => ID */
+   59,  /*         OF => ID */
+   59,  /*     OFFSET => ID */
+   59,  /*     PRAGMA => ID */
+   59,  /*      RAISE => ID */
+   59,  /*  RECURSIVE => ID */
+   59,  /*    REPLACE => ID */
+   59,  /*   RESTRICT => ID */
+   59,  /*        ROW => ID */
+   59,  /*    TRIGGER => ID */
+   59,  /*     VACUUM => ID */
+   59,  /*       VIEW => ID */
+   59,  /*    VIRTUAL => ID */
+   59,  /*       WITH => ID */
+   59,  /*    REINDEX => ID */
+   59,  /*     RENAME => ID */
+   59,  /*   CTIME_KW => ID */
 };
 #endif /* YYFALLBACK */
 
@@ -136568,6 +139055,7 @@
   yyStackEntry yystk0;          /* First stack entry */
 #else
   yyStackEntry yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
+  yyStackEntry *yystackEnd;            /* Last entry in the stack */
 #endif
 };
 typedef struct yyParser yyParser;
@@ -136604,75 +139092,264 @@
 }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG)
 /* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
 ** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
 static const char *const yyTokenName[] = { 
-  "$",             "SEMI",          "EXPLAIN",       "QUERY",       
-  "PLAN",          "BEGIN",         "TRANSACTION",   "DEFERRED",    
-  "IMMEDIATE",     "EXCLUSIVE",     "COMMIT",        "END",         
-  "ROLLBACK",      "SAVEPOINT",     "RELEASE",       "TO",          
-  "TABLE",         "CREATE",        "IF",            "NOT",         
-  "EXISTS",        "TEMP",          "LP",            "RP",          
-  "AS",            "WITHOUT",       "COMMA",         "ID",          
-  "ABORT",         "ACTION",        "AFTER",         "ANALYZE",     
-  "ASC",           "ATTACH",        "BEFORE",        "BY",          
-  "CASCADE",       "CAST",          "COLUMNKW",      "CONFLICT",    
-  "DATABASE",      "DESC",          "DETACH",        "EACH",        
-  "FAIL",          "FOR",           "IGNORE",        "INITIALLY",   
-  "INSTEAD",       "LIKE_KW",       "MATCH",         "NO",          
-  "KEY",           "OF",            "OFFSET",        "PRAGMA",      
-  "RAISE",         "RECURSIVE",     "REPLACE",       "RESTRICT",    
-  "ROW",           "TRIGGER",       "VACUUM",        "VIEW",        
-  "VIRTUAL",       "WITH",          "REINDEX",       "RENAME",      
-  "CTIME_KW",      "ANY",           "OR",            "AND",         
-  "IS",            "BETWEEN",       "IN",            "ISNULL",      
-  "NOTNULL",       "NE",            "EQ",            "GT",          
-  "LE",            "LT",            "GE",            "ESCAPE",      
-  "BITAND",        "BITOR",         "LSHIFT",        "RSHIFT",      
-  "PLUS",          "MINUS",         "STAR",          "SLASH",       
-  "REM",           "CONCAT",        "COLLATE",       "BITNOT",      
-  "INDEXED",       "STRING",        "JOIN_KW",       "CONSTRAINT",  
-  "DEFAULT",       "NULL",          "PRIMARY",       "UNIQUE",      
-  "CHECK",         "REFERENCES",    "AUTOINCR",      "ON",          
-  "INSERT",        "DELETE",        "UPDATE",        "SET",         
-  "DEFERRABLE",    "FOREIGN",       "DROP",          "UNION",       
-  "ALL",           "EXCEPT",        "INTERSECT",     "SELECT",      
-  "VALUES",        "DISTINCT",      "DOT",           "FROM",        
-  "JOIN",          "USING",         "ORDER",         "GROUP",       
-  "HAVING",        "LIMIT",         "WHERE",         "INTO",        
-  "FLOAT",         "BLOB",          "INTEGER",       "VARIABLE",    
-  "CASE",          "WHEN",          "THEN",          "ELSE",        
-  "INDEX",         "ALTER",         "ADD",           "error",       
-  "input",         "cmdlist",       "ecmd",          "explain",     
-  "cmdx",          "cmd",           "transtype",     "trans_opt",   
-  "nm",            "savepoint_opt",  "create_table",  "create_table_args",
-  "createkw",      "temp",          "ifnotexists",   "dbnm",        
-  "columnlist",    "conslist_opt",  "table_options",  "select",      
-  "columnname",    "carglist",      "typetoken",     "typename",    
-  "signed",        "plus_num",      "minus_num",     "ccons",       
-  "term",          "expr",          "onconf",        "sortorder",   
-  "autoinc",       "eidlist_opt",   "refargs",       "defer_subclause",
-  "refarg",        "refact",        "init_deferred_pred_opt",  "conslist",    
-  "tconscomma",    "tcons",         "sortlist",      "eidlist",     
-  "defer_subclause_opt",  "orconf",        "resolvetype",   "raisetype",   
-  "ifexists",      "fullname",      "selectnowith",  "oneselect",   
-  "with",          "multiselect_op",  "distinct",      "selcollist",  
-  "from",          "where_opt",     "groupby_opt",   "having_opt",  
-  "orderby_opt",   "limit_opt",     "values",        "nexprlist",   
-  "exprlist",      "sclp",          "as",            "seltablist",  
-  "stl_prefix",    "joinop",        "indexed_opt",   "on_opt",      
-  "using_opt",     "idlist",        "setlist",       "insert_cmd",  
-  "idlist_opt",    "likeop",        "between_op",    "in_op",       
-  "paren_exprlist",  "case_operand",  "case_exprlist",  "case_else",   
-  "uniqueflag",    "collate",       "nmnum",         "trigger_decl",
-  "trigger_cmd_list",  "trigger_time",  "trigger_event",  "foreach_clause",
-  "when_clause",   "trigger_cmd",   "trnm",          "tridxby",     
-  "database_kw_opt",  "key_opt",       "add_column_fullname",  "kwcolumn_opt",
-  "create_vtab",   "vtabarglist",   "vtabarg",       "vtabargtoken",
-  "lp",            "anylist",       "wqlist",      
+  /*    0 */ "$",
+  /*    1 */ "SEMI",
+  /*    2 */ "EXPLAIN",
+  /*    3 */ "QUERY",
+  /*    4 */ "PLAN",
+  /*    5 */ "BEGIN",
+  /*    6 */ "TRANSACTION",
+  /*    7 */ "DEFERRED",
+  /*    8 */ "IMMEDIATE",
+  /*    9 */ "EXCLUSIVE",
+  /*   10 */ "COMMIT",
+  /*   11 */ "END",
+  /*   12 */ "ROLLBACK",
+  /*   13 */ "SAVEPOINT",
+  /*   14 */ "RELEASE",
+  /*   15 */ "TO",
+  /*   16 */ "TABLE",
+  /*   17 */ "CREATE",
+  /*   18 */ "IF",
+  /*   19 */ "NOT",
+  /*   20 */ "EXISTS",
+  /*   21 */ "TEMP",
+  /*   22 */ "LP",
+  /*   23 */ "RP",
+  /*   24 */ "AS",
+  /*   25 */ "WITHOUT",
+  /*   26 */ "COMMA",
+  /*   27 */ "ABORT",
+  /*   28 */ "ACTION",
+  /*   29 */ "AFTER",
+  /*   30 */ "ANALYZE",
+  /*   31 */ "ASC",
+  /*   32 */ "ATTACH",
+  /*   33 */ "BEFORE",
+  /*   34 */ "BY",
+  /*   35 */ "CASCADE",
+  /*   36 */ "CAST",
+  /*   37 */ "CONFLICT",
+  /*   38 */ "DATABASE",
+  /*   39 */ "DESC",
+  /*   40 */ "DETACH",
+  /*   41 */ "EACH",
+  /*   42 */ "FAIL",
+  /*   43 */ "OR",
+  /*   44 */ "AND",
+  /*   45 */ "IS",
+  /*   46 */ "MATCH",
+  /*   47 */ "LIKE_KW",
+  /*   48 */ "BETWEEN",
+  /*   49 */ "IN",
+  /*   50 */ "ISNULL",
+  /*   51 */ "NOTNULL",
+  /*   52 */ "NE",
+  /*   53 */ "EQ",
+  /*   54 */ "GT",
+  /*   55 */ "LE",
+  /*   56 */ "LT",
+  /*   57 */ "GE",
+  /*   58 */ "ESCAPE",
+  /*   59 */ "ID",
+  /*   60 */ "COLUMNKW",
+  /*   61 */ "FOR",
+  /*   62 */ "IGNORE",
+  /*   63 */ "INITIALLY",
+  /*   64 */ "INSTEAD",
+  /*   65 */ "NO",
+  /*   66 */ "KEY",
+  /*   67 */ "OF",
+  /*   68 */ "OFFSET",
+  /*   69 */ "PRAGMA",
+  /*   70 */ "RAISE",
+  /*   71 */ "RECURSIVE",
+  /*   72 */ "REPLACE",
+  /*   73 */ "RESTRICT",
+  /*   74 */ "ROW",
+  /*   75 */ "TRIGGER",
+  /*   76 */ "VACUUM",
+  /*   77 */ "VIEW",
+  /*   78 */ "VIRTUAL",
+  /*   79 */ "WITH",
+  /*   80 */ "REINDEX",
+  /*   81 */ "RENAME",
+  /*   82 */ "CTIME_KW",
+  /*   83 */ "ANY",
+  /*   84 */ "BITAND",
+  /*   85 */ "BITOR",
+  /*   86 */ "LSHIFT",
+  /*   87 */ "RSHIFT",
+  /*   88 */ "PLUS",
+  /*   89 */ "MINUS",
+  /*   90 */ "STAR",
+  /*   91 */ "SLASH",
+  /*   92 */ "REM",
+  /*   93 */ "CONCAT",
+  /*   94 */ "COLLATE",
+  /*   95 */ "BITNOT",
+  /*   96 */ "INDEXED",
+  /*   97 */ "STRING",
+  /*   98 */ "JOIN_KW",
+  /*   99 */ "CONSTRAINT",
+  /*  100 */ "DEFAULT",
+  /*  101 */ "NULL",
+  /*  102 */ "PRIMARY",
+  /*  103 */ "UNIQUE",
+  /*  104 */ "CHECK",
+  /*  105 */ "REFERENCES",
+  /*  106 */ "AUTOINCR",
+  /*  107 */ "ON",
+  /*  108 */ "INSERT",
+  /*  109 */ "DELETE",
+  /*  110 */ "UPDATE",
+  /*  111 */ "SET",
+  /*  112 */ "DEFERRABLE",
+  /*  113 */ "FOREIGN",
+  /*  114 */ "DROP",
+  /*  115 */ "UNION",
+  /*  116 */ "ALL",
+  /*  117 */ "EXCEPT",
+  /*  118 */ "INTERSECT",
+  /*  119 */ "SELECT",
+  /*  120 */ "VALUES",
+  /*  121 */ "DISTINCT",
+  /*  122 */ "DOT",
+  /*  123 */ "FROM",
+  /*  124 */ "JOIN",
+  /*  125 */ "USING",
+  /*  126 */ "ORDER",
+  /*  127 */ "GROUP",
+  /*  128 */ "HAVING",
+  /*  129 */ "LIMIT",
+  /*  130 */ "WHERE",
+  /*  131 */ "INTO",
+  /*  132 */ "FLOAT",
+  /*  133 */ "BLOB",
+  /*  134 */ "INTEGER",
+  /*  135 */ "VARIABLE",
+  /*  136 */ "CASE",
+  /*  137 */ "WHEN",
+  /*  138 */ "THEN",
+  /*  139 */ "ELSE",
+  /*  140 */ "INDEX",
+  /*  141 */ "ALTER",
+  /*  142 */ "ADD",
+  /*  143 */ "error",
+  /*  144 */ "input",
+  /*  145 */ "cmdlist",
+  /*  146 */ "ecmd",
+  /*  147 */ "explain",
+  /*  148 */ "cmdx",
+  /*  149 */ "cmd",
+  /*  150 */ "transtype",
+  /*  151 */ "trans_opt",
+  /*  152 */ "nm",
+  /*  153 */ "savepoint_opt",
+  /*  154 */ "create_table",
+  /*  155 */ "create_table_args",
+  /*  156 */ "createkw",
+  /*  157 */ "temp",
+  /*  158 */ "ifnotexists",
+  /*  159 */ "dbnm",
+  /*  160 */ "columnlist",
+  /*  161 */ "conslist_opt",
+  /*  162 */ "table_options",
+  /*  163 */ "select",
+  /*  164 */ "columnname",
+  /*  165 */ "carglist",
+  /*  166 */ "typetoken",
+  /*  167 */ "typename",
+  /*  168 */ "signed",
+  /*  169 */ "plus_num",
+  /*  170 */ "minus_num",
+  /*  171 */ "scanpt",
+  /*  172 */ "ccons",
+  /*  173 */ "term",
+  /*  174 */ "expr",
+  /*  175 */ "onconf",
+  /*  176 */ "sortorder",
+  /*  177 */ "autoinc",
+  /*  178 */ "eidlist_opt",
+  /*  179 */ "refargs",
+  /*  180 */ "defer_subclause",
+  /*  181 */ "refarg",
+  /*  182 */ "refact",
+  /*  183 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt",
+  /*  184 */ "conslist",
+  /*  185 */ "tconscomma",
+  /*  186 */ "tcons",
+  /*  187 */ "sortlist",
+  /*  188 */ "eidlist",
+  /*  189 */ "defer_subclause_opt",
+  /*  190 */ "orconf",
+  /*  191 */ "resolvetype",
+  /*  192 */ "raisetype",
+  /*  193 */ "ifexists",
+  /*  194 */ "fullname",
+  /*  195 */ "selectnowith",
+  /*  196 */ "oneselect",
+  /*  197 */ "with",
+  /*  198 */ "multiselect_op",
+  /*  199 */ "distinct",
+  /*  200 */ "selcollist",
+  /*  201 */ "from",
+  /*  202 */ "where_opt",
+  /*  203 */ "groupby_opt",
+  /*  204 */ "having_opt",
+  /*  205 */ "orderby_opt",
+  /*  206 */ "limit_opt",
+  /*  207 */ "values",
+  /*  208 */ "nexprlist",
+  /*  209 */ "exprlist",
+  /*  210 */ "sclp",
+  /*  211 */ "as",
+  /*  212 */ "seltablist",
+  /*  213 */ "stl_prefix",
+  /*  214 */ "joinop",
+  /*  215 */ "indexed_opt",
+  /*  216 */ "on_opt",
+  /*  217 */ "using_opt",
+  /*  218 */ "idlist",
+  /*  219 */ "setlist",
+  /*  220 */ "insert_cmd",
+  /*  221 */ "idlist_opt",
+  /*  222 */ "likeop",
+  /*  223 */ "between_op",
+  /*  224 */ "in_op",
+  /*  225 */ "paren_exprlist",
+  /*  226 */ "case_operand",
+  /*  227 */ "case_exprlist",
+  /*  228 */ "case_else",
+  /*  229 */ "uniqueflag",
+  /*  230 */ "collate",
+  /*  231 */ "nmnum",
+  /*  232 */ "trigger_decl",
+  /*  233 */ "trigger_cmd_list",
+  /*  234 */ "trigger_time",
+  /*  235 */ "trigger_event",
+  /*  236 */ "foreach_clause",
+  /*  237 */ "when_clause",
+  /*  238 */ "trigger_cmd",
+  /*  239 */ "trnm",
+  /*  240 */ "tridxby",
+  /*  241 */ "database_kw_opt",
+  /*  242 */ "key_opt",
+  /*  243 */ "add_column_fullname",
+  /*  244 */ "kwcolumn_opt",
+  /*  245 */ "create_vtab",
+  /*  246 */ "vtabarglist",
+  /*  247 */ "vtabarg",
+  /*  248 */ "vtabargtoken",
+  /*  249 */ "lp",
+  /*  250 */ "anylist",
+  /*  251 */ "wqlist",
 };
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
+#endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG) */
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /* For tracing reduce actions, the names of all rules are required.
@@ -136686,33 +139363,33 @@
  /*   5 */ "transtype ::= DEFERRED",
  /*   6 */ "transtype ::= IMMEDIATE",
  /*   7 */ "transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE",
- /*   8 */ "cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt",
- /*   9 */ "cmd ::= END trans_opt",
- /*  10 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt",
- /*  11 */ "cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm",
- /*  12 */ "cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm",
- /*  13 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm",
- /*  14 */ "create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm",
- /*  15 */ "createkw ::= CREATE",
- /*  16 */ "ifnotexists ::=",
- /*  17 */ "ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS",
- /*  18 */ "temp ::= TEMP",
- /*  19 */ "temp ::=",
- /*  20 */ "create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options",
- /*  21 */ "create_table_args ::= AS select",
- /*  22 */ "table_options ::=",
- /*  23 */ "table_options ::= WITHOUT nm",
- /*  24 */ "columnname ::= nm typetoken",
- /*  25 */ "typetoken ::=",
- /*  26 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP",
- /*  27 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP",
- /*  28 */ "typename ::= typename ID|STRING",
+ /*   8 */ "cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt",
+ /*   9 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt",
+ /*  10 */ "cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm",
+ /*  11 */ "cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm",
+ /*  12 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm",
+ /*  13 */ "create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm",
+ /*  14 */ "createkw ::= CREATE",
+ /*  15 */ "ifnotexists ::=",
+ /*  16 */ "ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS",
+ /*  17 */ "temp ::= TEMP",
+ /*  18 */ "temp ::=",
+ /*  19 */ "create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options",
+ /*  20 */ "create_table_args ::= AS select",
+ /*  21 */ "table_options ::=",
+ /*  22 */ "table_options ::= WITHOUT nm",
+ /*  23 */ "columnname ::= nm typetoken",
+ /*  24 */ "typetoken ::=",
+ /*  25 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP",
+ /*  26 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP",
+ /*  27 */ "typename ::= typename ID|STRING",
+ /*  28 */ "scanpt ::=",
  /*  29 */ "ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
- /*  30 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT term",
+ /*  30 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt",
  /*  31 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP",
- /*  32 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term",
- /*  33 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term",
- /*  34 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT ID|INDEXED",
+ /*  32 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt",
+ /*  33 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt",
+ /*  34 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED",
  /*  35 */ "ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf",
  /*  36 */ "ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc",
  /*  37 */ "ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf",
@@ -136770,9 +139447,9 @@
  /*  89 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
  /*  90 */ "distinct ::=",
  /*  91 */ "sclp ::=",
- /*  92 */ "selcollist ::= sclp expr as",
- /*  93 */ "selcollist ::= sclp STAR",
- /*  94 */ "selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR",
+ /*  92 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as",
+ /*  93 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR",
+ /*  94 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR",
  /*  95 */ "as ::= AS nm",
  /*  96 */ "as ::=",
  /*  97 */ "from ::=",
@@ -136829,187 +139506,185 @@
  /* 148 */ "idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm",
  /* 149 */ "idlist ::= nm",
  /* 150 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
- /* 151 */ "term ::= NULL",
- /* 152 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED",
- /* 153 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 154 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 155 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
- /* 156 */ "term ::= FLOAT|BLOB",
- /* 157 */ "term ::= STRING",
- /* 158 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
- /* 159 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
- /* 160 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 161 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
- /* 162 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP",
- /* 163 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP",
- /* 164 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
- /* 165 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
- /* 166 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
- /* 167 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
- /* 168 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
- /* 169 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
- /* 170 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
- /* 171 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 172 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
- /* 173 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
- /* 174 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 175 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
- /* 176 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
- /* 177 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
- /* 178 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
- /* 179 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
- /* 180 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
- /* 181 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
- /* 182 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
- /* 183 */ "expr ::= MINUS expr",
- /* 184 */ "expr ::= PLUS expr",
- /* 185 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
- /* 186 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
- /* 187 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
- /* 188 */ "in_op ::= IN",
- /* 189 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
- /* 190 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
- /* 191 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
- /* 192 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
- /* 193 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
- /* 194 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
- /* 195 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
- /* 196 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 197 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 198 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
- /* 199 */ "case_else ::=",
- /* 200 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
- /* 201 */ "case_operand ::=",
- /* 202 */ "exprlist ::=",
- /* 203 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
- /* 204 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
- /* 205 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
- /* 206 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
- /* 207 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
- /* 208 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
- /* 209 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
- /* 210 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
- /* 211 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
- /* 212 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
- /* 213 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
- /* 214 */ "collate ::=",
- /* 215 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 216 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
- /* 217 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM",
- /* 218 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm",
- /* 219 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
- /* 220 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
- /* 221 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
- /* 222 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
- /* 223 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
- /* 224 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 225 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 226 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
- /* 227 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
- /* 228 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE",
- /* 229 */ "trigger_time ::= AFTER",
- /* 230 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
- /* 231 */ "trigger_time ::=",
- /* 232 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
- /* 233 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
- /* 234 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
- /* 235 */ "when_clause ::=",
- /* 236 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
- /* 237 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 238 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 239 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 240 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 241 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 242 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt",
- /* 243 */ "trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select",
- /* 244 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt",
- /* 245 */ "trigger_cmd ::= select",
- /* 246 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
- /* 247 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
- /* 248 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
- /* 249 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
- /* 250 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
- /* 251 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
- /* 252 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
- /* 253 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
- /* 254 */ "key_opt ::=",
- /* 255 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
- /* 256 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
- /* 257 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
- /* 258 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
- /* 259 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
- /* 260 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
- /* 261 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
- /* 262 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
- /* 263 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
- /* 264 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
- /* 265 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
- /* 266 */ "vtabarg ::=",
- /* 267 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
- /* 268 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
- /* 269 */ "lp ::= LP",
- /* 270 */ "with ::=",
- /* 271 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
- /* 272 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
- /* 273 */ "wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
- /* 274 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
- /* 275 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
- /* 276 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
- /* 277 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
- /* 278 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
- /* 279 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
- /* 280 */ "explain ::=",
- /* 281 */ "trans_opt ::=",
- /* 282 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
- /* 283 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
- /* 284 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
- /* 285 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
- /* 286 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
- /* 287 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
- /* 288 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
- /* 289 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED",
- /* 290 */ "nm ::= STRING",
- /* 291 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 292 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
- /* 293 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 294 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
- /* 295 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
- /* 296 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
- /* 297 */ "carglist ::=",
- /* 298 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
- /* 299 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
- /* 300 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
- /* 301 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
- /* 302 */ "tconscomma ::=",
- /* 303 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
- /* 304 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
- /* 305 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
- /* 306 */ "oneselect ::= values",
- /* 307 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
- /* 308 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 309 */ "expr ::= term",
- /* 310 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 311 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
- /* 312 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
- /* 313 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
- /* 314 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
- /* 315 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
- /* 316 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
- /* 317 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 318 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
- /* 319 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
- /* 320 */ "trnm ::= nm",
- /* 321 */ "tridxby ::=",
- /* 322 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
- /* 323 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
- /* 324 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
- /* 325 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
- /* 326 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
- /* 327 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
- /* 328 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
- /* 329 */ "anylist ::=",
- /* 330 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
- /* 331 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
+ /* 151 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED",
+ /* 152 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
+ /* 153 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 154 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
+ /* 155 */ "term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB",
+ /* 156 */ "term ::= STRING",
+ /* 157 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
+ /* 158 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
+ /* 159 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 160 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
+ /* 161 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP",
+ /* 162 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP",
+ /* 163 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
+ /* 164 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
+ /* 165 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
+ /* 166 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
+ /* 167 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
+ /* 168 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
+ /* 169 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
+ /* 170 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
+ /* 171 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
+ /* 172 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
+ /* 173 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 174 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
+ /* 175 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
+ /* 176 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
+ /* 177 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
+ /* 178 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
+ /* 179 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
+ /* 180 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
+ /* 181 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
+ /* 182 */ "expr ::= MINUS expr",
+ /* 183 */ "expr ::= PLUS expr",
+ /* 184 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
+ /* 185 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
+ /* 186 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
+ /* 187 */ "in_op ::= IN",
+ /* 188 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
+ /* 189 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 190 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
+ /* 191 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
+ /* 192 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
+ /* 193 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
+ /* 194 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
+ /* 195 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 196 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 197 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
+ /* 198 */ "case_else ::=",
+ /* 199 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
+ /* 200 */ "case_operand ::=",
+ /* 201 */ "exprlist ::=",
+ /* 202 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
+ /* 203 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
+ /* 204 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
+ /* 205 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 206 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
+ /* 207 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
+ /* 208 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
+ /* 209 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
+ /* 210 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
+ /* 211 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 212 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 213 */ "collate ::=",
+ /* 214 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 215 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
+ /* 216 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM",
+ /* 217 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm",
+ /* 218 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
+ /* 219 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
+ /* 220 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
+ /* 221 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
+ /* 222 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
+ /* 223 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 224 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 225 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
+ /* 226 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
+ /* 227 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER",
+ /* 228 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
+ /* 229 */ "trigger_time ::=",
+ /* 230 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
+ /* 231 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
+ /* 232 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
+ /* 233 */ "when_clause ::=",
+ /* 234 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
+ /* 235 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 236 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 237 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 238 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
+ /* 239 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
+ /* 240 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 241 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select scanpt",
+ /* 242 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 243 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt",
+ /* 244 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
+ /* 245 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
+ /* 246 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
+ /* 247 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
+ /* 248 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
+ /* 249 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
+ /* 250 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
+ /* 251 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
+ /* 252 */ "key_opt ::=",
+ /* 253 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
+ /* 254 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
+ /* 255 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
+ /* 256 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
+ /* 257 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
+ /* 258 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
+ /* 259 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
+ /* 260 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
+ /* 261 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
+ /* 262 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
+ /* 263 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
+ /* 264 */ "vtabarg ::=",
+ /* 265 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
+ /* 266 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
+ /* 267 */ "lp ::= LP",
+ /* 268 */ "with ::=",
+ /* 269 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
+ /* 270 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
+ /* 271 */ "wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
+ /* 272 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
+ /* 273 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
+ /* 274 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
+ /* 275 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
+ /* 276 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
+ /* 277 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
+ /* 278 */ "explain ::=",
+ /* 279 */ "trans_opt ::=",
+ /* 280 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
+ /* 281 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
+ /* 282 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
+ /* 283 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
+ /* 284 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
+ /* 285 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
+ /* 286 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
+ /* 287 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED",
+ /* 288 */ "nm ::= STRING",
+ /* 289 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
+ /* 290 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
+ /* 291 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 292 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
+ /* 293 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
+ /* 294 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
+ /* 295 */ "carglist ::=",
+ /* 296 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
+ /* 297 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
+ /* 298 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
+ /* 299 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
+ /* 300 */ "tconscomma ::=",
+ /* 301 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
+ /* 302 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
+ /* 303 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
+ /* 304 */ "oneselect ::= values",
+ /* 305 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
+ /* 306 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 307 */ "expr ::= term",
+ /* 308 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 309 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
+ /* 310 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
+ /* 311 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
+ /* 312 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
+ /* 313 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
+ /* 314 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
+ /* 315 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 316 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
+ /* 317 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
+ /* 318 */ "trnm ::= nm",
+ /* 319 */ "tridxby ::=",
+ /* 320 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
+ /* 321 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
+ /* 322 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
+ /* 323 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
+ /* 324 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
+ /* 325 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
+ /* 326 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
+ /* 327 */ "anylist ::=",
+ /* 328 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
+ /* 329 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
 };
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -137078,6 +139753,9 @@
   pParser->yytos = pParser->yystack;
   pParser->yystack[0].stateno = 0;
   pParser->yystack[0].major = 0;
+#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
+  pParser->yystackEnd = &pParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
@@ -137128,76 +139806,72 @@
     */
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
     case 163: /* select */
-    case 194: /* selectnowith */
-    case 195: /* oneselect */
-    case 206: /* values */
+    case 195: /* selectnowith */
+    case 196: /* oneselect */
+    case 207: /* values */
 {
-sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy243));
+sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy387));
 }
       break;
-    case 172: /* term */
-    case 173: /* expr */
+    case 173: /* term */
+    case 174: /* expr */
+    case 202: /* where_opt */
+    case 204: /* having_opt */
+    case 216: /* on_opt */
+    case 226: /* case_operand */
+    case 228: /* case_else */
+    case 237: /* when_clause */
+    case 242: /* key_opt */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy190).pExpr);
+sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy314));
 }
       break;
-    case 177: /* eidlist_opt */
-    case 186: /* sortlist */
-    case 187: /* eidlist */
-    case 199: /* selcollist */
-    case 202: /* groupby_opt */
-    case 204: /* orderby_opt */
-    case 207: /* nexprlist */
-    case 208: /* exprlist */
-    case 209: /* sclp */
-    case 218: /* setlist */
-    case 224: /* paren_exprlist */
-    case 226: /* case_exprlist */
+    case 178: /* eidlist_opt */
+    case 187: /* sortlist */
+    case 188: /* eidlist */
+    case 200: /* selcollist */
+    case 203: /* groupby_opt */
+    case 205: /* orderby_opt */
+    case 208: /* nexprlist */
+    case 209: /* exprlist */
+    case 210: /* sclp */
+    case 219: /* setlist */
+    case 225: /* paren_exprlist */
+    case 227: /* case_exprlist */
 {
-sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy148));
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy322));
 }
       break;
-    case 193: /* fullname */
-    case 200: /* from */
-    case 211: /* seltablist */
-    case 212: /* stl_prefix */
+    case 194: /* fullname */
+    case 201: /* from */
+    case 212: /* seltablist */
+    case 213: /* stl_prefix */
 {
-sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy185));
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy259));
 }
       break;
-    case 196: /* with */
-    case 250: /* wqlist */
+    case 197: /* with */
+    case 251: /* wqlist */
 {
-sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy285));
+sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy451));
 }
       break;
-    case 201: /* where_opt */
-    case 203: /* having_opt */
-    case 215: /* on_opt */
-    case 225: /* case_operand */
-    case 227: /* case_else */
-    case 236: /* when_clause */
-    case 241: /* key_opt */
+    case 217: /* using_opt */
+    case 218: /* idlist */
+    case 221: /* idlist_opt */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy72));
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy384));
 }
       break;
-    case 216: /* using_opt */
-    case 217: /* idlist */
-    case 220: /* idlist_opt */
+    case 233: /* trigger_cmd_list */
+    case 238: /* trigger_cmd */
 {
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy254));
+sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy203));
 }
       break;
-    case 232: /* trigger_cmd_list */
-    case 237: /* trigger_cmd */
+    case 235: /* trigger_event */
 {
-sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy145));
-}
-      break;
-    case 234: /* trigger_event */
-{
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy332).b);
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy90).b);
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -137268,6 +139942,43 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+/* This array of booleans keeps track of the parser statement
+** coverage.  The element yycoverage[X][Y] is set when the parser
+** is in state X and has a lookahead token Y.  In a well-tested
+** systems, every element of this matrix should end up being set.
+*/
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+static unsigned char yycoverage[YYNSTATE][YYNTOKEN];
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Write into out a description of every state/lookahead combination that
+**
+**   (1)  has not been used by the parser, and
+**   (2)  is not a syntax error.
+**
+** Return the number of missed state/lookahead combinations.
+*/
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE *out){
+  int stateno, iLookAhead, i;
+  int nMissed = 0;
+  for(stateno=0; stateno<YYNSTATE; stateno++){
+    i = yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    for(iLookAhead=0; iLookAhead<YYNTOKEN; iLookAhead++){
+      if( yy_lookahead[i+iLookAhead]!=iLookAhead ) continue;
+      if( yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead]==0 ) nMissed++;
+      if( out ){
+        fprintf(out,"State %d lookahead %s %s\n", stateno,
+                yyTokenName[iLookAhead],
+                yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] ? "ok" : "missed");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nMissed;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Find the appropriate action for a parser given the terminal
 ** look-ahead token iLookAhead.
@@ -137279,13 +139990,18 @@
   int i;
   int stateno = pParser->yytos->stateno;
  
-  if( stateno>=YY_MIN_REDUCE ) return stateno;
+  if( stateno>YY_MAX_SHIFT ) return stateno;
   assert( stateno <= YY_SHIFT_COUNT );
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+  yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] = 1;
+#endif
   do{
     i = yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    assert( i>=0 && i+YYNTOKEN<=sizeof(yy_lookahead)/sizeof(yy_lookahead[0]) );
     assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
+    assert( iLookAhead < YYNTOKEN );
     i += iLookAhead;
-    if( i<0 || i>=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT || yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
+    if( yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
 #ifdef YYFALLBACK
       YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
       if( iLookAhead<sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0])
@@ -137348,7 +140064,6 @@
   assert( stateno<=YY_REDUCE_COUNT );
 #endif
   i = yy_reduce_ofst[stateno];
-  assert( i!=YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT );
   assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
   i += iLookAhead;
 #ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
@@ -137386,20 +140101,21 @@
 ** Print tracing information for a SHIFT action
 */
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-static void yyTraceShift(yyParser *yypParser, int yyNewState){
+static void yyTraceShift(yyParser *yypParser, int yyNewState, const char *zTag){
   if( yyTraceFILE ){
     if( yyNewState<YYNSTATE ){
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s', go to state %d\n",
-         yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major],
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', go to state %d\n",
+         yyTracePrompt, zTag, yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major],
          yyNewState);
     }else{
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s'\n",
-         yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major]);
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', pending reduce %d\n",
+         yyTracePrompt, zTag, yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major],
+         yyNewState - YY_MIN_REDUCE);
     }
   }
 }
 #else
-# define yyTraceShift(X,Y)
+# define yyTraceShift(X,Y,Z)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -137420,7 +140136,7 @@
   }
 #endif
 #if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-  if( yypParser->yytos>=&yypParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH] ){
+  if( yypParser->yytos>yypParser->yystackEnd ){
     yypParser->yytos--;
     yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
     return;
@@ -137441,348 +140157,346 @@
   yytos->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyNewState;
   yytos->major = (YYCODETYPE)yyMajor;
   yytos->minor.yy0 = yyMinor;
-  yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyNewState);
+  yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyNewState, "Shift");
 }
 
 /* The following table contains information about every rule that
 ** is used during the reduce.
 */
 static const struct {
-  YYCODETYPE lhs;         /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  unsigned char nrhs;     /* Number of right-hand side symbols in the rule */
+  YYCODETYPE lhs;       /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
+  signed char nrhs;     /* Negative of the number of RHS symbols in the rule */
 } yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 148, 1 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 150, 0 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 154, 6 },
-  { 156, 1 },
-  { 158, 0 },
-  { 158, 3 },
-  { 157, 1 },
-  { 157, 0 },
-  { 155, 5 },
-  { 155, 2 },
-  { 162, 0 },
-  { 162, 2 },
-  { 164, 2 },
-  { 166, 0 },
-  { 166, 4 },
-  { 166, 6 },
-  { 167, 2 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 4 },
-  { 171, 3 },
-  { 171, 3 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 3 },
-  { 171, 5 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 4 },
-  { 171, 4 },
-  { 171, 1 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 176, 0 },
-  { 176, 1 },
-  { 178, 0 },
-  { 178, 2 },
-  { 180, 2 },
-  { 180, 3 },
-  { 180, 3 },
-  { 180, 3 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 181, 1 },
-  { 181, 1 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 179, 3 },
-  { 179, 2 },
-  { 182, 0 },
-  { 182, 2 },
-  { 182, 2 },
-  { 161, 0 },
-  { 184, 1 },
-  { 185, 2 },
-  { 185, 7 },
-  { 185, 5 },
-  { 185, 5 },
-  { 185, 10 },
-  { 188, 0 },
-  { 174, 0 },
-  { 174, 3 },
-  { 189, 0 },
-  { 189, 2 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 192, 2 },
-  { 192, 0 },
-  { 149, 9 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 163, 2 },
-  { 194, 3 },
-  { 197, 1 },
-  { 197, 2 },
-  { 197, 1 },
-  { 195, 9 },
-  { 206, 4 },
-  { 206, 5 },
-  { 198, 1 },
-  { 198, 1 },
-  { 198, 0 },
-  { 209, 0 },
-  { 199, 3 },
-  { 199, 2 },
-  { 199, 4 },
-  { 210, 2 },
-  { 210, 0 },
-  { 200, 0 },
-  { 200, 2 },
-  { 212, 2 },
-  { 212, 0 },
-  { 211, 7 },
-  { 211, 9 },
-  { 211, 7 },
-  { 211, 7 },
-  { 159, 0 },
-  { 159, 2 },
-  { 193, 2 },
-  { 213, 1 },
-  { 213, 2 },
-  { 213, 3 },
-  { 213, 4 },
-  { 215, 2 },
-  { 215, 0 },
-  { 214, 0 },
-  { 214, 3 },
-  { 214, 2 },
-  { 216, 4 },
-  { 216, 0 },
-  { 204, 0 },
-  { 204, 3 },
-  { 186, 4 },
-  { 186, 2 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 0 },
-  { 202, 0 },
-  { 202, 3 },
-  { 203, 0 },
-  { 203, 2 },
-  { 205, 0 },
-  { 205, 2 },
-  { 205, 4 },
-  { 205, 4 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 201, 0 },
-  { 201, 2 },
-  { 149, 8 },
-  { 218, 5 },
-  { 218, 7 },
-  { 218, 3 },
-  { 218, 5 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 7 },
-  { 219, 2 },
-  { 219, 1 },
-  { 220, 0 },
-  { 220, 3 },
-  { 217, 3 },
-  { 217, 1 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 6 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 221, 2 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 222, 1 },
-  { 222, 2 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 223, 1 },
-  { 223, 2 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 226, 5 },
-  { 226, 4 },
-  { 227, 2 },
-  { 227, 0 },
-  { 225, 1 },
-  { 225, 0 },
-  { 208, 0 },
-  { 207, 3 },
-  { 207, 1 },
-  { 224, 0 },
-  { 224, 3 },
-  { 149, 12 },
-  { 228, 1 },
-  { 228, 0 },
-  { 177, 0 },
-  { 177, 3 },
-  { 187, 5 },
-  { 187, 3 },
-  { 229, 0 },
-  { 229, 2 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 169, 2 },
-  { 170, 2 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 231, 11 },
-  { 233, 1 },
-  { 233, 1 },
-  { 233, 2 },
-  { 233, 0 },
-  { 234, 1 },
-  { 234, 1 },
-  { 234, 3 },
-  { 236, 0 },
-  { 236, 2 },
-  { 232, 3 },
-  { 232, 2 },
-  { 238, 3 },
-  { 239, 3 },
-  { 239, 2 },
-  { 237, 7 },
-  { 237, 5 },
-  { 237, 5 },
-  { 237, 1 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 6 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 241, 0 },
-  { 241, 2 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 7 },
-  { 242, 1 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 244, 8 },
-  { 246, 0 },
-  { 247, 1 },
-  { 247, 3 },
-  { 248, 1 },
-  { 196, 0 },
-  { 196, 2 },
-  { 196, 3 },
-  { 250, 6 },
-  { 250, 8 },
-  { 144, 1 },
-  { 145, 2 },
-  { 145, 1 },
-  { 146, 1 },
-  { 146, 3 },
-  { 147, 0 },
-  { 151, 0 },
-  { 151, 1 },
-  { 151, 2 },
-  { 153, 1 },
-  { 153, 0 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 160, 4 },
-  { 160, 2 },
-  { 152, 1 },
-  { 152, 1 },
-  { 152, 1 },
-  { 166, 1 },
-  { 167, 1 },
-  { 168, 1 },
-  { 168, 1 },
-  { 165, 2 },
-  { 165, 0 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 161, 2 },
-  { 183, 3 },
-  { 183, 1 },
-  { 184, 0 },
-  { 188, 1 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 194, 1 },
-  { 195, 1 },
-  { 209, 2 },
-  { 210, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 221, 1 },
-  { 208, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 169, 1 },
-  { 235, 0 },
-  { 235, 3 },
-  { 238, 1 },
-  { 239, 0 },
-  { 240, 1 },
-  { 240, 0 },
-  { 243, 0 },
-  { 243, 1 },
-  { 245, 1 },
-  { 245, 3 },
-  { 246, 2 },
-  { 249, 0 },
-  { 249, 4 },
-  { 249, 2 },
+  {  147,   -1 }, /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
+  {  147,   -3 }, /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+  {  148,   -1 }, /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
+  {  150,    0 }, /* (4) transtype ::= */
+  {  150,   -1 }, /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
+  {  150,   -1 }, /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
+  {  150,   -1 }, /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+  {  154,   -6 }, /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+  {  156,   -1 }, /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
+  {  158,    0 }, /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
+  {  158,   -3 }, /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+  {  157,   -1 }, /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
+  {  157,    0 }, /* (18) temp ::= */
+  {  155,   -5 }, /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
+  {  155,   -2 }, /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
+  {  162,    0 }, /* (21) table_options ::= */
+  {  162,   -2 }, /* (22) table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
+  {  164,   -2 }, /* (23) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+  {  166,    0 }, /* (24) typetoken ::= */
+  {  166,   -4 }, /* (25) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+  {  166,   -6 }, /* (26) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+  {  167,   -2 }, /* (27) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+  {  171,    0 }, /* (28) scanpt ::= */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (29) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (30) ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (31) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (32) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt */
+  {  172,   -3 }, /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED */
+  {  172,   -3 }, /* (35) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
+  {  172,   -5 }, /* (36) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (37) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (38) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (39) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
+  {  172,   -1 }, /* (40) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (41) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+  {  177,    0 }, /* (42) autoinc ::= */
+  {  177,   -1 }, /* (43) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
+  {  179,    0 }, /* (44) refargs ::= */
+  {  179,   -2 }, /* (45) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
+  {  181,   -2 }, /* (46) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
+  {  181,   -3 }, /* (47) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
+  {  181,   -3 }, /* (48) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
+  {  181,   -3 }, /* (49) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
+  {  182,   -2 }, /* (50) refact ::= SET NULL */
+  {  182,   -2 }, /* (51) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
+  {  182,   -1 }, /* (52) refact ::= CASCADE */
+  {  182,   -1 }, /* (53) refact ::= RESTRICT */
+  {  182,   -2 }, /* (54) refact ::= NO ACTION */
+  {  180,   -3 }, /* (55) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+  {  180,   -2 }, /* (56) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+  {  183,    0 }, /* (57) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
+  {  183,   -2 }, /* (58) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
+  {  183,   -2 }, /* (59) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
+  {  161,    0 }, /* (60) conslist_opt ::= */
+  {  185,   -1 }, /* (61) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
+  {  186,   -2 }, /* (62) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+  {  186,   -7 }, /* (63) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
+  {  186,   -5 }, /* (64) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
+  {  186,   -5 }, /* (65) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
+  {  186,  -10 }, /* (66) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
+  {  189,    0 }, /* (67) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
+  {  175,    0 }, /* (68) onconf ::= */
+  {  175,   -3 }, /* (69) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
+  {  190,    0 }, /* (70) orconf ::= */
+  {  190,   -2 }, /* (71) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
+  {  191,   -1 }, /* (72) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
+  {  191,   -1 }, /* (73) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (74) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
+  {  193,   -2 }, /* (75) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
+  {  193,    0 }, /* (76) ifexists ::= */
+  {  149,   -9 }, /* (77) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (78) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (79) cmd ::= select */
+  {  163,   -2 }, /* (80) select ::= with selectnowith */
+  {  195,   -3 }, /* (81) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
+  {  198,   -1 }, /* (82) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
+  {  198,   -2 }, /* (83) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
+  {  198,   -1 }, /* (84) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
+  {  196,   -9 }, /* (85) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
+  {  207,   -4 }, /* (86) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
+  {  207,   -5 }, /* (87) values ::= values COMMA LP exprlist RP */
+  {  199,   -1 }, /* (88) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+  {  199,   -1 }, /* (89) distinct ::= ALL */
+  {  199,    0 }, /* (90) distinct ::= */
+  {  210,    0 }, /* (91) sclp ::= */
+  {  200,   -5 }, /* (92) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+  {  200,   -3 }, /* (93) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+  {  200,   -5 }, /* (94) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+  {  211,   -2 }, /* (95) as ::= AS nm */
+  {  211,    0 }, /* (96) as ::= */
+  {  201,    0 }, /* (97) from ::= */
+  {  201,   -2 }, /* (98) from ::= FROM seltablist */
+  {  213,   -2 }, /* (99) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+  {  213,    0 }, /* (100) stl_prefix ::= */
+  {  212,   -7 }, /* (101) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
+  {  212,   -9 }, /* (102) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+  {  212,   -7 }, /* (103) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
+  {  212,   -7 }, /* (104) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+  {  159,    0 }, /* (105) dbnm ::= */
+  {  159,   -2 }, /* (106) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
+  {  194,   -2 }, /* (107) fullname ::= nm dbnm */
+  {  214,   -1 }, /* (108) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+  {  214,   -2 }, /* (109) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+  {  214,   -3 }, /* (110) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+  {  214,   -4 }, /* (111) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+  {  216,   -2 }, /* (112) on_opt ::= ON expr */
+  {  216,    0 }, /* (113) on_opt ::= */
+  {  215,    0 }, /* (114) indexed_opt ::= */
+  {  215,   -3 }, /* (115) indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+  {  215,   -2 }, /* (116) indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
+  {  217,   -4 }, /* (117) using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+  {  217,    0 }, /* (118) using_opt ::= */
+  {  205,    0 }, /* (119) orderby_opt ::= */
+  {  205,   -3 }, /* (120) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+  {  187,   -4 }, /* (121) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder */
+  {  187,   -2 }, /* (122) sortlist ::= expr sortorder */
+  {  176,   -1 }, /* (123) sortorder ::= ASC */
+  {  176,   -1 }, /* (124) sortorder ::= DESC */
+  {  176,    0 }, /* (125) sortorder ::= */
+  {  203,    0 }, /* (126) groupby_opt ::= */
+  {  203,   -3 }, /* (127) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
+  {  204,    0 }, /* (128) having_opt ::= */
+  {  204,   -2 }, /* (129) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+  {  206,    0 }, /* (130) limit_opt ::= */
+  {  206,   -2 }, /* (131) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+  {  206,   -4 }, /* (132) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+  {  206,   -4 }, /* (133) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (134) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM fullname indexed_opt where_opt */
+  {  202,    0 }, /* (135) where_opt ::= */
+  {  202,   -2 }, /* (136) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
+  {  149,   -8 }, /* (137) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf fullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
+  {  219,   -5 }, /* (138) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+  {  219,   -7 }, /* (139) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+  {  219,   -3 }, /* (140) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+  {  219,   -5 }, /* (141) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (142) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt select */
+  {  149,   -7 }, /* (143) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
+  {  220,   -2 }, /* (144) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
+  {  220,   -1 }, /* (145) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
+  {  221,    0 }, /* (146) idlist_opt ::= */
+  {  221,   -3 }, /* (147) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+  {  218,   -3 }, /* (148) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+  {  218,   -1 }, /* (149) idlist ::= nm */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (150) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (151) expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (152) expr ::= JOIN_KW */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (153) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (154) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (155) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (156) term ::= STRING */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (157) term ::= INTEGER */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (158) expr ::= VARIABLE */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (159) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+  {  174,   -6 }, /* (160) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (161) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (162) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (163) term ::= CTIME_KW */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (164) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (165) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (166) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (167) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (168) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (169) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (170) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (171) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (172) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
+  {  222,   -2 }, /* (173) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (174) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (175) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (176) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (177) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (178) expr ::= expr IS expr */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (179) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (180) expr ::= NOT expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (181) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (182) expr ::= MINUS expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (183) expr ::= PLUS expr */
+  {  223,   -1 }, /* (184) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+  {  223,   -2 }, /* (185) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (186) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+  {  224,   -1 }, /* (187) in_op ::= IN */
+  {  224,   -2 }, /* (188) in_op ::= NOT IN */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (189) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (190) expr ::= LP select RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (191) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (192) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (193) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (194) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+  {  227,   -5 }, /* (195) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+  {  227,   -4 }, /* (196) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+  {  228,   -2 }, /* (197) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
+  {  228,    0 }, /* (198) case_else ::= */
+  {  226,   -1 }, /* (199) case_operand ::= expr */
+  {  226,    0 }, /* (200) case_operand ::= */
+  {  209,    0 }, /* (201) exprlist ::= */
+  {  208,   -3 }, /* (202) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+  {  208,   -1 }, /* (203) nexprlist ::= expr */
+  {  225,    0 }, /* (204) paren_exprlist ::= */
+  {  225,   -3 }, /* (205) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+  {  149,  -12 }, /* (206) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+  {  229,   -1 }, /* (207) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+  {  229,    0 }, /* (208) uniqueflag ::= */
+  {  178,    0 }, /* (209) eidlist_opt ::= */
+  {  178,   -3 }, /* (210) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
+  {  188,   -5 }, /* (211) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+  {  188,   -3 }, /* (212) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+  {  230,    0 }, /* (213) collate ::= */
+  {  230,   -2 }, /* (214) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (215) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (216) cmd ::= VACUUM */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (217) cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (218) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (219) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (220) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (221) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (222) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+  {  169,   -2 }, /* (223) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+  {  170,   -2 }, /* (224) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (225) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+  {  232,  -11 }, /* (226) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+  {  234,   -1 }, /* (227) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+  {  234,   -2 }, /* (228) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+  {  234,    0 }, /* (229) trigger_time ::= */
+  {  235,   -1 }, /* (230) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+  {  235,   -1 }, /* (231) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
+  {  235,   -3 }, /* (232) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+  {  237,    0 }, /* (233) when_clause ::= */
+  {  237,   -2 }, /* (234) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+  {  233,   -3 }, /* (235) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+  {  233,   -2 }, /* (236) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+  {  239,   -3 }, /* (237) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+  {  240,   -3 }, /* (238) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+  {  240,   -2 }, /* (239) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+  {  238,   -8 }, /* (240) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt */
+  {  238,   -7 }, /* (241) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select scanpt */
+  {  238,   -6 }, /* (242) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+  {  238,   -3 }, /* (243) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (244) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+  {  174,   -6 }, /* (245) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+  {  192,   -1 }, /* (246) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+  {  192,   -1 }, /* (247) raisetype ::= ABORT */
+  {  192,   -1 }, /* (248) raisetype ::= FAIL */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (249) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (250) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (251) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+  {  242,    0 }, /* (252) key_opt ::= */
+  {  242,   -2 }, /* (253) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (254) cmd ::= REINDEX */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (255) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (256) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (257) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (258) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+  {  149,   -7 }, /* (259) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+  {  243,   -1 }, /* (260) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (261) cmd ::= create_vtab */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (262) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+  {  245,   -8 }, /* (263) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+  {  247,    0 }, /* (264) vtabarg ::= */
+  {  248,   -1 }, /* (265) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+  {  248,   -3 }, /* (266) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
+  {  249,   -1 }, /* (267) lp ::= LP */
+  {  197,    0 }, /* (268) with ::= */
+  {  197,   -2 }, /* (269) with ::= WITH wqlist */
+  {  197,   -3 }, /* (270) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+  {  251,   -6 }, /* (271) wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+  {  251,   -8 }, /* (272) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+  {  144,   -1 }, /* (273) input ::= cmdlist */
+  {  145,   -2 }, /* (274) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
+  {  145,   -1 }, /* (275) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
+  {  146,   -1 }, /* (276) ecmd ::= SEMI */
+  {  146,   -3 }, /* (277) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
+  {  147,    0 }, /* (278) explain ::= */
+  {  151,    0 }, /* (279) trans_opt ::= */
+  {  151,   -1 }, /* (280) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
+  {  151,   -2 }, /* (281) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
+  {  153,   -1 }, /* (282) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
+  {  153,    0 }, /* (283) savepoint_opt ::= */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (284) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
+  {  160,   -4 }, /* (285) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
+  {  160,   -2 }, /* (286) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
+  {  152,   -1 }, /* (287) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */
+  {  152,   -1 }, /* (288) nm ::= STRING */
+  {  152,   -1 }, /* (289) nm ::= JOIN_KW */
+  {  166,   -1 }, /* (290) typetoken ::= typename */
+  {  167,   -1 }, /* (291) typename ::= ID|STRING */
+  {  168,   -1 }, /* (292) signed ::= plus_num */
+  {  168,   -1 }, /* (293) signed ::= minus_num */
+  {  165,   -2 }, /* (294) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
+  {  165,    0 }, /* (295) carglist ::= */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (296) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
+  {  161,   -2 }, /* (297) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
+  {  184,   -3 }, /* (298) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
+  {  184,   -1 }, /* (299) conslist ::= tcons */
+  {  185,    0 }, /* (300) tconscomma ::= */
+  {  189,   -1 }, /* (301) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
+  {  191,   -1 }, /* (302) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
+  {  195,   -1 }, /* (303) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
+  {  196,   -1 }, /* (304) oneselect ::= values */
+  {  210,   -2 }, /* (305) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
+  {  211,   -1 }, /* (306) as ::= ID|STRING */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (307) expr ::= term */
+  {  222,   -1 }, /* (308) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+  {  209,   -1 }, /* (309) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (310) nmnum ::= plus_num */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (311) nmnum ::= nm */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (312) nmnum ::= ON */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (313) nmnum ::= DELETE */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (314) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
+  {  169,   -1 }, /* (315) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+  {  236,    0 }, /* (316) foreach_clause ::= */
+  {  236,   -3 }, /* (317) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
+  {  239,   -1 }, /* (318) trnm ::= nm */
+  {  240,    0 }, /* (319) tridxby ::= */
+  {  241,   -1 }, /* (320) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
+  {  241,    0 }, /* (321) database_kw_opt ::= */
+  {  244,    0 }, /* (322) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
+  {  244,   -1 }, /* (323) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
+  {  246,   -1 }, /* (324) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
+  {  246,   -3 }, /* (325) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
+  {  247,   -2 }, /* (326) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
+  {  250,    0 }, /* (327) anylist ::= */
+  {  250,   -4 }, /* (328) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
+  {  250,   -2 }, /* (329) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
 };
 
 static void yy_accept(yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -137790,22 +140504,38 @@
 /*
 ** Perform a reduce action and the shift that must immediately
 ** follow the reduce.
+**
+** The yyLookahead and yyLookaheadToken parameters provide reduce actions
+** access to the lookahead token (if any).  The yyLookahead will be YYNOCODE
+** if the lookahead token has already been consumed.  As this procedure is
+** only called from one place, optimizing compilers will in-line it, which
+** means that the extra parameters have no performance impact.
 */
 static void yy_reduce(
   yyParser *yypParser,         /* The parser */
-  unsigned int yyruleno        /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  unsigned int yyruleno,       /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  int yyLookahead,             /* Lookahead token, or YYNOCODE if none */
+  sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yyLookaheadToken  /* Value of the lookahead token */
 ){
   int yygoto;                     /* The next state */
   int yyact;                      /* The next action */
   yyStackEntry *yymsp;            /* The top of the parser's stack */
   int yysize;                     /* Amount to pop the stack */
   sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
+  (void)yyLookahead;
+  (void)yyLookaheadToken;
   yymsp = yypParser->yytos;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( yyTraceFILE && yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(yyRuleName)/sizeof(yyRuleName[0])) ){
     yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce [%s], go to state %d.\n", yyTracePrompt,
-      yyRuleName[yyruleno], yymsp[-yysize].stateno);
+    if( yysize ){
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s], go to state %d.\n",
+        yyTracePrompt,
+        yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno], yymsp[yysize].stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s].\n",
+        yyTracePrompt, yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno]);
+    }
   }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -137820,7 +140550,7 @@
     }
 #endif
 #if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-    if( yypParser->yytos>=&yypParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH-1] ){
+    if( yypParser->yytos>=yypParser->yystackEnd ){
       yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
       return;
     }
@@ -137856,310 +140586,311 @@
 { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
         break;
       case 3: /* cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 4: /* transtype ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = TK_DEFERRED;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = TK_DEFERRED;}
         break;
       case 5: /* transtype ::= DEFERRED */
       case 6: /* transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==6);
       case 7: /* transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==7);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 8: /* cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt */
-      case 9: /* cmd ::= END trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==9);
-{sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
+      case 8: /* cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+      case 9: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==9);
+{sqlite3EndTransaction(pParse,yymsp[-1].major);}
         break;
-      case 10: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
-{sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
-        break;
-      case 11: /* cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+      case 10: /* cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
 {
   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 12: /* cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+      case 11: /* cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
 {
   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 13: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+      case 12: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
 {
   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 14: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+      case 13: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
 {
-   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy194,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy194);
+   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy4,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 15: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
+      case 14: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
 {disableLookaside(pParse);}
         break;
-      case 16: /* ifnotexists ::= */
-      case 19: /* temp ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==19);
-      case 22: /* table_options ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==22);
+      case 15: /* ifnotexists ::= */
+      case 18: /* temp ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==18);
+      case 21: /* table_options ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==21);
       case 42: /* autoinc ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==42);
       case 57: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==57);
       case 67: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==67);
       case 76: /* ifexists ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==76);
       case 90: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==90);
-      case 214: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==214);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+      case 213: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==213);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 17: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = 1;}
+      case 16: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = 1;}
         break;
-      case 18: /* temp ::= TEMP */
+      case 17: /* temp ::= TEMP */
       case 43: /* autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */ yytestcase(yyruleno==43);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = 1;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = 1;}
         break;
-      case 20: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
+      case 19: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,0);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 21: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
+      case 20: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy243);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy243);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy387);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy387);
 }
         break;
-      case 23: /* table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
+      case 22: /* table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
 {
   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n==5 && sqlite3_strnicmp(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,"rowid",5)==0 ){
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = 0;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = 0;
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown table option: %.*s", yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 24: /* columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+      case 23: /* columnname ::= nm typetoken */
 {sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 25: /* typetoken ::= */
+      case 24: /* typetoken ::= */
       case 60: /* conslist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==60);
       case 96: /* as ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==96);
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z = 0;}
         break;
-      case 26: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+      case 25: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
 {
   yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n = (int)(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z);
 }
         break;
-      case 27: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+      case 26: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
 {
   yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.n = (int)(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z);
 }
         break;
-      case 28: /* typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+      case 27: /* typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n=yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n+(int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
+      case 28: /* scanpt ::= */
+{
+  assert( yyLookahead!=YYNOCODE );
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy336 = yyLookaheadToken.z;
+}
+        break;
       case 29: /* ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
       case 62: /* tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==62);
 {pParse->constraintName = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 30: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT term */
-      case 32: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term */ yytestcase(yyruleno==32);
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);}
+      case 30: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy336,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
         break;
       case 31: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190);}
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z+1,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
-      case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term */
+      case 32: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
+        break;
+      case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt */
 {
-  ExprSpan v;
-  v.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-  v.zStart = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z;
-  v.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
+  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, 0);
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);
 }
         break;
-      case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT ID|INDEXED */
+      case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED */
 {
-  ExprSpan v;
-  spanExpr(&v, pParse, TK_STRING, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
+  Expr *p = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_STRING, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z+yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
 }
         break;
       case 35: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 36: /* ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy194,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,yymsp[-2].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy4,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,yymsp[-2].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 37: /* ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,0,0,0,0,
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,0,0,0,0,
                                    SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
       case 38: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);}
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 39: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
-{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 40: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 41: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 44: /* refargs ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
         break;
       case 45: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy497.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy497.value; }
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy215.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy215.value; }
         break;
       case 46: /* refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy497.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy497.mask = 0x000000; }
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy215.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy215.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
       case 47: /* refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.mask = 0x000000; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
       case 48: /* refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy194;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.mask = 0x0000ff; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy4;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.mask = 0x0000ff; }
         break;
       case 49: /* refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy194<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.mask = 0x00ff00; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy4<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.mask = 0x00ff00; }
         break;
       case 50: /* refact ::= SET NULL */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 51: /* refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 52: /* refact ::= CASCADE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 53: /* refact ::= RESTRICT */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 54: /* refact ::= NO ACTION */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 55: /* defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
       case 56: /* defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
       case 71: /* orconf ::= OR resolvetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==71);
       case 144: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==144);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].minor.yy194;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].minor.yy4;}
         break;
       case 58: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
       case 75: /* ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==75);
-      case 186: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==186);
-      case 189: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==189);
-      case 215: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==215);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = 1;}
+      case 185: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==185);
+      case 188: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==188);
+      case 214: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==214);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = 1;}
         break;
       case 59: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
       case 61: /* tconscomma ::= COMMA */
 {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
         break;
       case 63: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,yymsp[-2].minor.yy194,0);}
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,yymsp[-2].minor.yy4,0);}
         break;
       case 64: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,0,0,0,0,
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,0,0,0,0,
                                        SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
       case 65: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);}
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 66: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
 {
-    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
-    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
+    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 68: /* onconf ::= */
       case 70: /* orconf ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==70);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = OE_Default;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = OE_Default;}
         break;
       case 69: /* onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].minor.yy194;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].minor.yy4;}
         break;
       case 72: /* resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Ignore;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Ignore;}
         break;
       case 73: /* resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
       case 145: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==145);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Replace;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Replace;}
         break;
       case 74: /* cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 77: /* cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, yymsp[-7].minor.yy194, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy387, yymsp[-7].minor.yy4, yymsp[-5].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 78: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 79: /* cmd ::= select */
 {
   SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, &dest);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy243);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy387, &dest);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy387);
 }
         break;
       case 80: /* select ::= with selectnowith */
 {
-  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy243;
+  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy387;
   if( p ){
-    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy285;
+    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy451;
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
   }else{
-    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy285);
+    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy451);
   }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy243 = p; /*A-overwrites-W*/
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy387 = p; /*A-overwrites-W*/
 }
         break;
       case 81: /* selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
 {
-  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy243;
-  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy243;
+  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy387;
+  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy387;
   if( pRhs && pRhs->pPrior ){
     SrcList *pFrom;
     Token x;
     x.n = 0;
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, pRhs);
     pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,0,0,0,&x,pRhs,0,0);
-    pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+    pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0);
   }
   if( pRhs ){
-    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy194;
+    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy4;
     pRhs->pPrior = pLhs;
     if( ALWAYS(pLhs) ) pLhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
     pRhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy194!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy4!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
   }else{
     sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
   }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy243 = pRhs;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy387 = pRhs;
 }
         break;
       case 82: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION */
       case 84: /* multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==84);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
         break;
       case 83: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = TK_ALL;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = TK_ALL;}
         break;
       case 85: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
 {
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
   Token s = yymsp[-8].minor.yy0; /*A-overwrites-S*/
 #endif
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy243 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy148,yymsp[-5].minor.yy185,yymsp[-4].minor.yy72,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[-2].minor.yy72,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[-7].minor.yy194,yymsp[0].minor.yy354.pLimit,yymsp[0].minor.yy354.pOffset);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy387 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy322,yymsp[-5].minor.yy259,yymsp[-4].minor.yy314,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[-7].minor.yy4,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
   /* Populate the Select.zSelName[] string that is used to help with
   ** query planner debugging, to differentiate between multiple Select
@@ -138170,17 +140901,17 @@
   ** comment to be the zSelName value.  Otherwise, the label is #N where
   ** is an integer that is incremented with each SELECT statement seen.
   */
-  if( yymsp[-8].minor.yy243!=0 ){
+  if( yymsp[-8].minor.yy387!=0 ){
     const char *z = s.z+6;
     int i;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName, "#%d",
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName, "#%d",
                      ++pParse->nSelect);
     while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
     if( z[0]=='/' && z[1]=='*' ){
       z += 2;
       while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
       for(i=0; sqlite3Isalnum(z[i]); i++){}
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName, "%.*s", i, z);
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName, "%.*s", i, z);
     }
   }
 #endif /* SELECTRACE_ENABLED */
@@ -138188,119 +140919,119 @@
         break;
       case 86: /* values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy243 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0,0);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy387 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
 }
         break;
       case 87: /* values ::= values COMMA LP exprlist RP */
 {
-  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy243;
-  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0,0);
+  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy387;
+  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0);
   if( ALWAYS(pLeft) ) pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
   if( pRight ){
     pRight->op = TK_ALL;
     pRight->pPrior = pLeft;
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy243 = pRight;
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy387 = pRight;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy243 = pLeft;
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy387 = pLeft;
   }
 }
         break;
       case 88: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SF_Distinct;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SF_Distinct;}
         break;
       case 89: /* distinct ::= ALL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SF_All;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SF_All;}
         break;
       case 91: /* sclp ::= */
       case 119: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==119);
       case 126: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==126);
-      case 202: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==202);
-      case 205: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==205);
-      case 210: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==210);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy148 = 0;}
+      case 201: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
+      case 204: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==204);
+      case 209: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==209);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy322 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 92: /* selcollist ::= sclp expr as */
+      case 92: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
 {
-   yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190);
+   yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322,yymsp[-3].minor.yy336,yymsp[-1].minor.yy336);
 }
         break;
-      case 93: /* selcollist ::= sclp STAR */
+      case 93: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
 {
   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ASTERISK, 0);
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148, p);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, p);
 }
         break;
-      case 94: /* selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR */
+      case 94: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
 {
   Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ASTERISK, 0, 0);
   Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight);
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148, pDot);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, pDot);
 }
         break;
       case 95: /* as ::= AS nm */
       case 106: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==106);
-      case 224: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==224);
-      case 225: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==225);
+      case 223: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==223);
+      case 224: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==224);
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
       case 97: /* from ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy185 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yymsp[1].minor.yy185));}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy259 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yymsp[1].minor.yy259));}
         break;
       case 98: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy185 = yymsp[0].minor.yy185;
-  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-1].minor.yy185);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy259 = yymsp[0].minor.yy259;
+  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-1].minor.yy259);
 }
         break;
       case 99: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
 {
-   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy185 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy185->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy185->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy185->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy194;
+   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy259 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy259->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy259->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy259->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy4;
 }
         break;
       case 100: /* stl_prefix ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy185 = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy259 = 0;}
         break;
       case 101: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy185, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy259, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 102: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-8].minor.yy185,&yymsp[-7].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
-  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-8].minor.yy185, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-8].minor.yy259,&yymsp[-7].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
+  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-8].minor.yy259, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322);
 }
         break;
       case 103: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy243,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
+    yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy387,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
   }
         break;
       case 104: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy185==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy72==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy254==0 ){
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy185;
-    }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy185->nSrc==1 ){
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
-      if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 ){
-        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &yymsp[-6].minor.yy185->a[yymsp[-6].minor.yy185->nSrc-1];
-        struct SrcList_item *pOld = yymsp[-4].minor.yy185->a;
+    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy259==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy314==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy384==0 ){
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy259;
+    }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy259->nSrc==1 ){
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
+      if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 ){
+        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &yymsp[-6].minor.yy259->a[yymsp[-6].minor.yy259->nSrc-1];
+        struct SrcList_item *pOld = yymsp[-4].minor.yy259->a;
         pNew->zName = pOld->zName;
         pNew->zDatabase = pOld->zDatabase;
         pNew->pSelect = pOld->pSelect;
         pOld->zName = pOld->zDatabase = 0;
         pOld->pSelect = 0;
       }
-      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy185);
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy259);
     }else{
       Select *pSubquery;
-      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy185);
-      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy185,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0,0);
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
+      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy259);
+      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy259,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
     }
   }
         break;
@@ -138309,32 +141040,33 @@
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n=0;}
         break;
       case 107: /* fullname ::= nm dbnm */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
       case 108: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = JT_INNER; }
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = JT_INNER; }
         break;
       case 109: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
       case 110: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
       case 111: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy194 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
       case 112: /* on_opt ::= ON expr */
       case 129: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==129);
       case 136: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==136);
-      case 198: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==198);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy72 = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+      case 197: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==197);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = yymsp[0].minor.yy314;}
         break;
       case 113: /* on_opt ::= */
       case 128: /* having_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==128);
+      case 130: /* limit_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==130);
       case 135: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==135);
-      case 199: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==199);
-      case 201: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy72 = 0;}
+      case 198: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==198);
+      case 200: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==200);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy314 = 0;}
         break;
       case 115: /* indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
@@ -138343,312 +141075,294 @@
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n=1;}
         break;
       case 117: /* using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy254 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy254;}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy384 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy384;}
         break;
       case 118: /* using_opt ::= */
       case 146: /* idlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==146);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy254 = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy384 = 0;}
         break;
       case 120: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
       case 127: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==127);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = yymsp[0].minor.yy148;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yymsp[0].minor.yy322;}
         break;
       case 121: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 122: /* sortlist ::= expr sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 123: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
         break;
       case 124: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
         break;
       case 125: /* sortorder ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
-        break;
-      case 130: /* limit_opt ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy354.pLimit = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy354.pOffset = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
         break;
       case 131: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy354.pLimit = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr; yymsp[-1].minor.yy354.pOffset = 0;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,0);}
         break;
       case 132: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pLimit = yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr; yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pOffset = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 133: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pOffset = yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr; yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pLimit = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 134: /* cmd ::= with DELETE FROM fullname indexed_opt where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy185, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy185,yymsp[0].minor.yy72);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy259, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy259,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,0,0);
 }
         break;
       case 137: /* cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf fullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy185, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,"set list"); 
-  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy185,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy72,yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy259, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,"set list"); 
+  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy259,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,yymsp[-5].minor.yy4,0,0);
 }
         break;
       case 138: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
       case 139: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy148, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy322, yymsp[-3].minor.yy384, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
       case 140: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy148, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yylhsminor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = yylhsminor.yy148;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yylhsminor.yy322;
         break;
       case 141: /* setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy384, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
       case 142: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt select */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy185, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, yymsp[-1].minor.yy254, yymsp[-4].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy259, yymsp[0].minor.yy387, yymsp[-1].minor.yy384, yymsp[-4].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 143: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy185, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy254, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy259, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy384, yymsp[-5].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 147: /* idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy254 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy254;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy384 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy384;}
         break;
       case 148: /* idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy254 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy254,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy384 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy384,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 149: /* idlist ::= nm */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy254 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy384 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
       case 150: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{spanSet(&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-B*/  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy314;}
         break;
-      case 151: /* term ::= NULL */
-      case 156: /* term ::= FLOAT|BLOB */ yytestcase(yyruleno==156);
-      case 157: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==157);
-{spanExpr(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 151: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+      case 152: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==152);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy314=tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 152: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
-      case 153: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==153);
-{spanExpr(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
-        break;
-      case 154: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 153: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
 }
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 155: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+      case 154: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp3 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp4 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp2, temp3);
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-4].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
 }
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 158: /* term ::= INTEGER */
+      case 155: /* term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+      case 156: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==156);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy314=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+        break;
+      case 157: /* term ::= INTEGER */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  yylhsminor.yy190.zStart = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z;
-  yylhsminor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  if( yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr ) yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_Leaf|EP_Resolved;
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 159: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
+      case 158: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
 {
   if( !(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[0]=='#' && sqlite3Isdigit(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[1])) ){
     u32 n = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-    spanExpr(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190, pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, n);
+    yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, n);
   }else{
     /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
     ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
     ** in the virtual machine.  #N is the N-th register. */
     Token t = yymsp[0].minor.yy0; /*A-overwrites-X*/
     assert( t.n>=2 );
-    spanSet(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190, &t, &t);
     if( pParse->nested==0 ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &t);
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr = 0;
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = 0;
     }else{
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
-      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr->iTable);
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
+      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy314 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy314->iTable);
     }
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 160: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+      case 159: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
-      case 161: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+      case 160: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-5].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
-  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
+  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy314, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 162: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+      case 161: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
 {
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy148 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy194==SF_Distinct && yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_Distinct;
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy4==SF_Distinct && yylhsminor.yy314 ){
+    yylhsminor.yy314->flags |= EP_Distinct;
   }
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 163: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+      case 162: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 164: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
+      case 163: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 165: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+      case 164: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
-  if( yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
-    spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = pList;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   }
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
         break;
-      case 166: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
-      case 167: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==167);
-      case 168: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==168);
-      case 169: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==169);
-      case 170: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==170);
-      case 171: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==171);
-      case 172: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==172);
-      case 173: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==173);
-{spanBinaryExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);}
+      case 165: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
+      case 166: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==166);
+      case 167: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==167);
+      case 168: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==168);
+      case 169: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==169);
+      case 170: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==170);
+      case 171: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==171);
+      case 172: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==172);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy314=sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);}
         break;
-      case 174: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+      case 173: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0=yymsp[0].minor.yy0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n|=0x80000000; /*yymsp[-1].minor.yy0-overwrite-yymsp[0].minor.yy0*/}
         break;
-      case 175: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+      case 174: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  exprNot(pParse, bNot, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy190);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy314->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 176: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+      case 175: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  exprNot(pParse, bNot, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 177: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-{spanUnaryPostfix(pParse,yymsp[0].major,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 176: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,0);}
         break;
-      case 178: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-{spanUnaryPostfix(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 177: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,0);}
         break;
-      case 179: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
+      case 178: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
 {
-  spanBinaryExpr(pParse,TK_IS,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr, TK_ISNULL);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, TK_ISNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 180: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+      case 179: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
 {
-  spanBinaryExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr, TK_NOTNULL);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-3].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, TK_NOTNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 181: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
-      case 182: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==182);
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,pParse,yymsp[-1].major,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 180: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
+      case 181: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==181);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, 0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
         break;
-      case 183: /* expr ::= MINUS expr */
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,pParse,TK_UMINUS,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 182: /* expr ::= MINUS expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, 0);}
         break;
-      case 184: /* expr ::= PLUS expr */
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,pParse,TK_UPLUS,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 183: /* expr ::= PLUS expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, 0);}
         break;
-      case 185: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-      case 188: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==188);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+      case 184: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+      case 187: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==187);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 187: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+      case 186: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = pList;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   } 
-  exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 190: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+      case 189: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy148==0 ){
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322==0 ){
       /* Expressions of the form
       **
       **      expr1 IN ()
@@ -138657,9 +141371,9 @@
       ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
       ** regardless of the value of expr1.
       */
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[yymsp[-3].minor.yy194],1);
-    }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->nExpr==1 ){
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[yymsp[-3].minor.yy4],1);
+    }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->nExpr==1 ){
       /* Expressions of the form:
       **
       **      expr1 IN (?1)
@@ -138676,204 +141390,195 @@
       ** affinity or the collating sequence to use for comparison.  Otherwise,
       ** the semantics would be subtly different from IN or NOT IN.
       */
-      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->a[0].pExpr;
-      yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->a[0].pExpr = 0;
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148);
+      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->a[0].pExpr;
+      yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
       /* pRHS cannot be NULL because a malloc error would have been detected
       ** before now and control would have never reached this point */
       if( ALWAYS(pRHS) ){
         pRHS->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
         pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
       }
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194 ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, pRHS);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, pRHS);
     }else{
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-        yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy148;
-        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+        yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322;
+        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
       }else{
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148);
+        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
       }
-      exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
+      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
     }
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
   }
         break;
-      case 191: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
+      case 190: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
 {
-    spanSet(&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-B*/
-    yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
+    yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
   }
         break;
-      case 192: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+      case 191: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
 {
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
-    exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 193: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+      case 192: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
 {
     SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-    Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy148 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy148);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, pSelect);
-    exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z ? &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n] : &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n];
+    Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy322 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy322);
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, pSelect);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 194: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+      case 193: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
 {
     Expr *p;
-    spanSet(&yymsp[-3].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-B*/
-    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
+    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
   }
         break;
-      case 195: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+      case 194: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-4].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);  /*A-overwrites-C*/
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy72, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy72 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy148;
-    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy322;
+    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy72);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 196: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 195: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 197: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 196: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 200: /* case_operand ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy72 = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 199: /* case_operand ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = yymsp[0].minor.yy314; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 203: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);}
+      case 202: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);}
         break;
-      case 204: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+      case 203: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy314); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
-      case 206: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-      case 211: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==211);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy148;}
+      case 205: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+      case 210: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==210);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322;}
         break;
-      case 207: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+      case 206: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
 {
   sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, 
-                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[-10].minor.yy194,
-                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy72, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy194, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
+                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-10].minor.yy4,
+                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy4, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
 }
         break;
-      case 208: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-      case 249: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==249);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Abort;}
+      case 207: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+      case 247: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==247);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Abort;}
         break;
-      case 209: /* uniqueflag ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = OE_None;}
+      case 208: /* uniqueflag ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = OE_None;}
         break;
-      case 212: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+      case 211: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194, yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4, yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 213: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+      case 212: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194, yymsp[0].minor.yy194); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4, yymsp[0].minor.yy4); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
 }
         break;
-      case 216: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);}
+      case 215: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);}
         break;
-      case 217: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
+      case 216: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
 {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
         break;
-      case 218: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
+      case 217: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
 {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 219: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+      case 218: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0,0);}
         break;
-      case 220: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+      case 219: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 221: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+      case 220: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 222: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+      case 221: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 223: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+      case 222: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 226: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+      case 225: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
 {
   Token all;
   all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
   all.n = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy145, &all);
+  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy203, &all);
 }
         break;
-      case 227: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+      case 226: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
 {
-  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194, yymsp[-4].minor.yy332.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy332.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy185, yymsp[0].minor.yy72, yymsp[-10].minor.yy194, yymsp[-8].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy4, yymsp[-4].minor.yy90.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy90.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy259, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, yymsp[-10].minor.yy4, yymsp[-8].minor.yy4);
   yymsp[-10].minor.yy0 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy0.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy0:yymsp[-6].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-T*/
 }
         break;
-      case 228: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = TK_BEFORE; }
+      case 227: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ }
         break;
-      case 229: /* trigger_time ::= AFTER */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = TK_AFTER;  }
+      case 228: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = TK_INSTEAD;}
         break;
-      case 230: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = TK_INSTEAD;}
+      case 229: /* trigger_time ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = TK_BEFORE; }
         break;
-      case 231: /* trigger_time ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = TK_BEFORE; }
+      case 230: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+      case 231: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==231);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy90.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy90.b = 0;}
         break;
-      case 232: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-      case 233: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==233);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy332.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy332.b = 0;}
+      case 232: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy90.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy90.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy384;}
         break;
-      case 234: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy332.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy332.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy254;}
+      case 233: /* when_clause ::= */
+      case 252: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==252);
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy314 = 0; }
         break;
-      case 235: /* when_clause ::= */
-      case 254: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==254);
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy72 = 0; }
+      case 234: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+      case 253: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==253);
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = yymsp[0].minor.yy314; }
         break;
-      case 236: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-      case 255: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==255);
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy72 = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr; }
-        break;
-      case 237: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 235: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy145!=0 );
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy145->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy145;
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy145->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy145;
+  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy203!=0 );
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
 }
         break;
-      case 238: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 236: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
 { 
-  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy145!=0 );
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy145->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy145;
+  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy203!=0 );
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy203->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
 }
         break;
-      case 239: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 237: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
@@ -138881,217 +141586,218 @@
         "statements within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 240: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+      case 238: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 241: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+      case 239: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 242: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt */
-{yymsp[-6].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy72, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);}
+      case 240: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, yymsp[-6].minor.yy4, yymsp[-7].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 243: /* trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select */
-{yymsp[-4].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, yymsp[-4].minor.yy194);/*A-overwrites-R*/}
+      case 241: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy384,yymsp[-1].minor.yy387,yymsp[-5].minor.yy4,yymsp[-6].minor.yy336,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);/*yylhsminor.yy203-overwrites-yymsp[-5].minor.yy4*/}
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 244: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt */
-{yymsp[-4].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy72);}
+      case 242: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 245: /* trigger_cmd ::= select */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy243); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 243: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387, yymsp[-2].minor.yy336, yymsp[0].minor.yy336); /*yylhsminor.yy203-overwrites-yymsp[-1].minor.yy387*/}
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 246: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+      case 244: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-3].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);  /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0); 
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr->affinity = OE_Ignore;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0); 
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-3].minor.yy314->affinity = OE_Ignore;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 247: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+      case 245: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-5].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);  /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1); 
-  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr ) {
-    yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr->affinity = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy194;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1); 
+  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy314 ) {
+    yymsp[-5].minor.yy314->affinity = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy4;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 248: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Rollback;}
+      case 246: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Rollback;}
         break;
-      case 250: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Fail;}
+      case 248: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Fail;}
         break;
-      case 251: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+      case 249: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy185,yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy259,yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 252: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+      case 250: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy72);
+  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 253: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+      case 251: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
 {
-  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 256: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
+      case 254: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 257: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+      case 255: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 258: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+      case 256: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 259: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+      case 257: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 260: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+      case 258: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy185,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy259,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 261: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+      case 259: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
 {
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
   sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 262: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+      case 260: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
 {
   disableLookaside(pParse);
-  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185);
+  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259);
 }
         break;
-      case 263: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
+      case 261: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
         break;
-      case 264: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+      case 262: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 265: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+      case 263: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
 {
-    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy194);
+    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 266: /* vtabarg ::= */
+      case 264: /* vtabarg ::= */
 {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
         break;
-      case 267: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-      case 268: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==268);
-      case 269: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==269);
+      case 265: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+      case 266: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==266);
+      case 267: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==267);
 {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 270: /* with ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy285 = 0;}
+      case 268: /* with ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy451 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 271: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy285 = yymsp[0].minor.yy285; }
+      case 269: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy451 = yymsp[0].minor.yy451; }
         break;
-      case 272: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy285 = yymsp[0].minor.yy285; }
+      case 270: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy451 = yymsp[0].minor.yy451; }
         break;
-      case 273: /* wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+      case 271: /* wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy285 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy451 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387); /*A-overwrites-X*/
 }
         break;
-      case 274: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+      case 272: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy285 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy285, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy451 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy451, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
 }
         break;
       default:
-      /* (275) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==275);
-      /* (276) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==276);
-      /* (277) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=277);
-      /* (278) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==278);
-      /* (279) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==279);
-      /* (280) explain ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==280);
-      /* (281) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==281);
-      /* (282) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==282);
-      /* (283) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==283);
-      /* (284) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==284);
-      /* (285) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==285);
-      /* (286) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==286);
-      /* (287) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==287);
-      /* (288) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
-      /* (289) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==289);
-      /* (290) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==290);
-      /* (291) nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==291);
-      /* (292) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==292);
-      /* (293) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==293);
-      /* (294) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=294);
-      /* (295) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=295);
-      /* (296) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==296);
-      /* (297) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==297);
-      /* (298) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==298);
-      /* (299) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==299);
-      /* (300) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==300);
-      /* (301) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=301);
-      /* (302) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==302);
-      /* (303) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=303);
-      /* (304) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=304);
-      /* (305) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=305);
-      /* (306) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
-      /* (307) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==307);
-      /* (308) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==308);
-      /* (309) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=309);
-      /* (310) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==310);
-      /* (311) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==311);
-      /* (312) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=312);
-      /* (313) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=313);
-      /* (314) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==314);
-      /* (315) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==315);
-      /* (316) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
-      /* (317) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==317);
-      /* (318) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==318);
-      /* (319) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==319);
-      /* (320) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
-      /* (321) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==321);
-      /* (322) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==322);
-      /* (323) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
-      /* (324) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==324);
-      /* (325) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
-      /* (326) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
-      /* (327) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
-      /* (328) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
-      /* (329) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
-      /* (330) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==330);
-      /* (331) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==331);
+      /* (273) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==273);
+      /* (274) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==274);
+      /* (275) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=275);
+      /* (276) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==276);
+      /* (277) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==277);
+      /* (278) explain ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==278);
+      /* (279) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==279);
+      /* (280) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==280);
+      /* (281) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==281);
+      /* (282) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==282);
+      /* (283) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==283);
+      /* (284) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==284);
+      /* (285) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==285);
+      /* (286) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==286);
+      /* (287) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==287);
+      /* (288) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
+      /* (289) nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==289);
+      /* (290) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==290);
+      /* (291) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==291);
+      /* (292) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=292);
+      /* (293) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=293);
+      /* (294) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==294);
+      /* (295) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==295);
+      /* (296) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==296);
+      /* (297) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==297);
+      /* (298) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==298);
+      /* (299) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=299);
+      /* (300) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==300);
+      /* (301) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=301);
+      /* (302) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=302);
+      /* (303) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=303);
+      /* (304) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==304);
+      /* (305) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==305);
+      /* (306) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
+      /* (307) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=307);
+      /* (308) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==308);
+      /* (309) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==309);
+      /* (310) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=310);
+      /* (311) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=311);
+      /* (312) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==312);
+      /* (313) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==313);
+      /* (314) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==314);
+      /* (315) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==315);
+      /* (316) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
+      /* (317) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==317);
+      /* (318) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==318);
+      /* (319) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==319);
+      /* (320) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
+      /* (321) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==321);
+      /* (322) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==322);
+      /* (323) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
+      /* (324) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==324);
+      /* (325) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
+      /* (326) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
+      /* (327) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
+      /* (328) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
+      /* (329) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
         break;
 /********** End reduce actions ************************************************/
   };
   assert( yyruleno<sizeof(yyRuleInfo)/sizeof(yyRuleInfo[0]) );
   yygoto = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].lhs;
   yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
-  yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(yymsp[-yysize].stateno,(YYCODETYPE)yygoto);
-  if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
-    if( yyact>YY_MAX_SHIFT ){
-      yyact += YY_MIN_REDUCE - YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE;
-    }
-    yymsp -= yysize-1;
-    yypParser->yytos = yymsp;
-    yymsp->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyact;
-    yymsp->major = (YYCODETYPE)yygoto;
-    yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyact);
-  }else{
-    assert( yyact == YY_ACCEPT_ACTION );
-    yypParser->yytos -= yysize;
-    yy_accept(yypParser);
-  }
+  yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(yymsp[yysize].stateno,(YYCODETYPE)yygoto);
+
+  /* There are no SHIFTREDUCE actions on nonterminals because the table
+  ** generator has simplified them to pure REDUCE actions. */
+  assert( !(yyact>YY_MAX_SHIFT && yyact<=YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE) );
+
+  /* It is not possible for a REDUCE to be followed by an error */
+  assert( yyact!=YY_ERROR_ACTION );
+
+  yymsp += yysize+1;
+  yypParser->yytos = yymsp;
+  yymsp->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyact;
+  yymsp->major = (YYCODETYPE)yygoto;
+  yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyact, "... then shift");
 }
 
 /*
@@ -139129,8 +141835,11 @@
 /************ Begin %syntax_error code ****************************************/
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
-  assert( TOKEN.z[0] );  /* The tokenizer always gives us a token */
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
+  if( TOKEN.z[0] ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "incomplete input");
+  }
 /************ End %syntax_error code ******************************************/
   sqlite3ParserARG_STORE; /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument variable */
 }
@@ -139202,20 +141911,31 @@
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s'\n",yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor]);
+    int stateno = yypParser->yytos->stateno;
+    if( stateno < YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' in state %d\n",
+              yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor],stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' with pending reduce %d\n",
+              yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor],stateno-YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }
   }
 #endif
 
   do{
     yyact = yy_find_shift_action(yypParser,(YYCODETYPE)yymajor);
-    if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
+    if( yyact >= YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      yy_reduce(yypParser,yyact-YY_MIN_REDUCE,yymajor,yyminor);
+    }else if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
       yy_shift(yypParser,yyact,yymajor,yyminor);
 #ifndef YYNOERRORRECOVERY
       yypParser->yyerrcnt--;
 #endif
       yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-    }else if( yyact <= YY_MAX_REDUCE ){
-      yy_reduce(yypParser,yyact-YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }else if( yyact==YY_ACCEPT_ACTION ){
+      yypParser->yytos--;
+      yy_accept(yypParser);
+      return;
     }else{
       assert( yyact == YY_ERROR_ACTION );
       yyminorunion.yy0 = yyminor;
@@ -139496,134 +142216,145 @@
 ** on platforms with limited memory.
 */
 /* Hash score: 182 */
+/* zKWText[] encodes 834 bytes of keyword text in 554 bytes */
+/*   REINDEXEDESCAPEACHECKEYBEFOREIGNOREGEXPLAINSTEADDATABASELECT       */
+/*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVE         */
+/*   XISTSAVEPOINTERSECTRIGGEREFERENCESCONSTRAINTOFFSETEMPORARY         */
+/*   UNIQUERYWITHOUTERELEASEATTACHAVINGROUPDATEBEGINNERECURSIVE         */
+/*   BETWEENOTNULLIKECASCADELETECASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEDETACH     */
+/*   IMMEDIATEJOINSERTMATCHPLANALYZEPRAGMABORTVALUESVIRTUALIMITWHEN     */
+/*   WHERENAMEAFTEREPLACEANDEFAULTAUTOINCREMENTCASTCOLUMNCOMMIT         */
+/*   CONFLICTCROSSCURRENT_TIMESTAMPRIMARYDEFERREDISTINCTDROPFAIL        */
+/*   FROMFULLGLOBYIFISNULLORDERESTRICTRIGHTROLLBACKROWUNIONUSING        */
+/*   VACUUMVIEWINITIALLY                                                */
+static const char zKWText[553] = {
+  'R','E','I','N','D','E','X','E','D','E','S','C','A','P','E','A','C','H',
+  'E','C','K','E','Y','B','E','F','O','R','E','I','G','N','O','R','E','G',
+  'E','X','P','L','A','I','N','S','T','E','A','D','D','A','T','A','B','A',
+  'S','E','L','E','C','T','A','B','L','E','F','T','H','E','N','D','E','F',
+  'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N',
+  'S','A','C','T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I',
+  'S','E','X','C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','A','V','E',
+  'P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','E',
+  'F','E','R','E','N','C','E','S','C','O','N','S','T','R','A','I','N','T',
+  'O','F','F','S','E','T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','U','N','I','Q',
+  'U','E','R','Y','W','I','T','H','O','U','T','E','R','E','L','E','A','S',
+  'E','A','T','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N','G','R','O','U','P','D','A',
+  'T','E','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','E','C','U','R','S','I','V','E',
+  'B','E','T','W','E','E','N','O','T','N','U','L','L','I','K','E','C','A',
+  'S','C','A','D','E','L','E','T','E','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L','A',
+  'T','E','C','R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D','A',
+  'T','E','D','E','T','A','C','H','I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E','J',
+  'O','I','N','S','E','R','T','M','A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A','L',
+  'Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M','A','B','O','R','T','V','A','L','U','E',
+  'S','V','I','R','T','U','A','L','I','M','I','T','W','H','E','N','W','H',
+  'E','R','E','N','A','M','E','A','F','T','E','R','E','P','L','A','C','E',
+  'A','N','D','E','F','A','U','L','T','A','U','T','O','I','N','C','R','E',
+  'M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C','O','L','U','M','N','C','O','M','M',
+  'I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C','T','C','R','O','S','S','C','U','R',
+  'R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E','S','T','A','M','P','R','I','M','A',
+  'R','Y','D','E','F','E','R','R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T','D',
+  'R','O','P','F','A','I','L','F','R','O','M','F','U','L','L','G','L','O',
+  'B','Y','I','F','I','S','N','U','L','L','O','R','D','E','R','E','S','T',
+  'R','I','C','T','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L','B','A','C','K','R',
+  'O','W','U','N','I','O','N','U','S','I','N','G','V','A','C','U','U','M',
+  'V','I','E','W','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y',
+};
+/* aKWHash[i] is the hash value for the i-th keyword */
+static const unsigned char aKWHash[127] = {
+    76, 105, 117,  74,   0,  45,   0,   0,  82,   0,  77,   0,   0,
+    42,  12,  78,  15,   0, 116,  85,  54, 112,   0,  19,   0,   0,
+   121,   0, 119, 115,   0,  22,  93,   0,   9,   0,   0,  70,  71,
+     0,  69,   6,   0,  48,  90, 102,   0, 118, 101,   0,   0,  44,
+     0, 103,  24,   0,  17,   0, 122,  53,  23,   0,   5, 110,  25,
+    96,   0,   0, 124, 106,  60, 123,  57,  28,  55,   0,  91,   0,
+   100,  26,   0,  99,   0,   0,   0,  95,  92,  97,  88, 109,  14,
+    39, 108,   0,  81,   0,  18,  89, 111,  32,   0, 120,  80, 113,
+    62,  46,  84,   0,   0,  94,  40,  59, 114,   0,  36,   0,   0,
+    29,   0,  86,  63,  64,   0,  20,  61,   0,  56,
+};
+/* aKWNext[] forms the hash collision chain.  If aKWHash[i]==0
+** then the i-th keyword has no more hash collisions.  Otherwise,
+** the next keyword with the same hash is aKWHash[i]-1. */
+static const unsigned char aKWNext[124] = {
+     0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   2,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   7,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   0,   0,   0,  33,   0,  21,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  50,
+     0,  43,   3,  47,   0,   0,   0,   0,  30,   0,  58,   0,  38,
+     0,   0,   0,   1,  66,   0,   0,  67,   0,  41,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   0,   0,  49,  65,   0,   0,   0,   0,  31,  52,  16,  34,
+    10,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  11,  72,  79,   0,   8,
+     0, 104,  98,   0, 107,   0,  87,   0,  75,  51,   0,  27,  37,
+    73,  83,   0,  35,  68,   0,   0,
+};
+/* aKWLen[i] is the length (in bytes) of the i-th keyword */
+static const unsigned char aKWLen[124] = {
+     7,   7,   5,   4,   6,   4,   5,   3,   6,   7,   3,   6,   6,
+     7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   6,
+    11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,   9,   9,   7,  10,  10,
+     4,   6,   2,   3,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   7,   4,   5,   7,
+     6,   6,   5,   6,   5,   5,   9,   7,   7,   3,   2,   4,   4,
+     7,   3,   6,   4,   7,   6,  12,   6,   9,   4,   6,   5,   4,
+     7,   6,   5,   6,   7,   5,   4,   5,   6,   5,   7,   3,   7,
+    13,   2,   2,   4,   6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,   7,   8,   8,
+     2,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   2,   2,   6,   5,   8,   5,   8,
+     3,   5,   5,   6,   4,   9,   3,
+};
+/* aKWOffset[i] is the index into zKWText[] of the start of
+** the text for the i-th keyword. */
+static const unsigned short int aKWOffset[124] = {
+     0,   2,   2,   8,   9,  14,  16,  20,  23,  25,  25,  29,  33,
+    36,  41,  46,  48,  53,  54,  59,  62,  65,  67,  69,  78,  81,
+    86,  91,  95,  96, 101, 105, 109, 117, 122, 128, 136, 142, 152,
+   159, 162, 162, 165, 167, 167, 171, 176, 179, 184, 184, 188, 192,
+   199, 204, 209, 212, 218, 221, 225, 234, 240, 240, 240, 243, 246,
+   250, 251, 255, 261, 265, 272, 278, 290, 296, 305, 307, 313, 318,
+   320, 327, 332, 337, 343, 349, 354, 358, 361, 367, 371, 378, 380,
+   387, 389, 391, 400, 404, 410, 416, 424, 429, 429, 445, 452, 459,
+   460, 467, 471, 475, 479, 483, 486, 488, 490, 496, 500, 508, 513,
+   521, 524, 529, 534, 540, 544, 549,
+};
+/* aKWCode[i] is the parser symbol code for the i-th keyword */
+static const unsigned char aKWCode[124] = {
+  TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,     
+  TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,    
+  TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,    
+  TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,      
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,       
+  TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,    
+  TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_SAVEPOINT,  
+  TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TRIGGER,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_CONSTRAINT, TK_INTO,       
+  TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       
+  TK_OR,         TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,      TK_WITHOUT,    TK_WITH,       
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    TK_ATTACH,     TK_HAVING,     TK_GROUP,      
+  TK_UPDATE,     TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RECURSIVE,  TK_BETWEEN,    
+  TK_NOTNULL,    TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       TK_LIKE_KW,    
+  TK_CASCADE,    TK_ASC,        TK_DELETE,     TK_CASE,       TK_COLLATE,    
+  TK_CREATE,     TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_DETACH,     TK_IMMEDIATE,  TK_JOIN,       
+  TK_INSERT,     TK_MATCH,      TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    TK_PRAGMA,     
+  TK_ABORT,      TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_LIMIT,      TK_WHEN,       
+  TK_WHERE,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AFTER,      TK_REPLACE,    TK_AND,        
+  TK_DEFAULT,    TK_AUTOINCR,   TK_TO,         TK_IN,         TK_CAST,       
+  TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_CTIME_KW,   
+  TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_PRIMARY,    TK_DEFERRED,   TK_DISTINCT,   TK_IS,         
+  TK_DROP,       TK_FAIL,       TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_LIKE_KW,    
+  TK_BY,         TK_IF,         TK_ISNULL,     TK_ORDER,      TK_RESTRICT,   
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROW,        TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      
+  TK_VACUUM,     TK_VIEW,       TK_INITIALLY,  TK_ALL,        
+};
+/* Check to see if z[0..n-1] is a keyword. If it is, write the
+** parser symbol code for that keyword into *pType.  Always
+** return the integer n (the length of the token). */
 static int keywordCode(const char *z, int n, int *pType){
-  /* zText[] encodes 834 bytes of keywords in 554 bytes */
-  /*   REINDEXEDESCAPEACHECKEYBEFOREIGNOREGEXPLAINSTEADDATABASELECT       */
-  /*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVE         */
-  /*   XISTSAVEPOINTERSECTRIGGEREFERENCESCONSTRAINTOFFSETEMPORARY         */
-  /*   UNIQUERYWITHOUTERELEASEATTACHAVINGROUPDATEBEGINNERECURSIVE         */
-  /*   BETWEENOTNULLIKECASCADELETECASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEDETACH     */
-  /*   IMMEDIATEJOINSERTMATCHPLANALYZEPRAGMABORTVALUESVIRTUALIMITWHEN     */
-  /*   WHERENAMEAFTEREPLACEANDEFAULTAUTOINCREMENTCASTCOLUMNCOMMIT         */
-  /*   CONFLICTCROSSCURRENT_TIMESTAMPRIMARYDEFERREDISTINCTDROPFAIL        */
-  /*   FROMFULLGLOBYIFISNULLORDERESTRICTRIGHTROLLBACKROWUNIONUSING        */
-  /*   VACUUMVIEWINITIALLY                                                */
-  static const char zText[553] = {
-    'R','E','I','N','D','E','X','E','D','E','S','C','A','P','E','A','C','H',
-    'E','C','K','E','Y','B','E','F','O','R','E','I','G','N','O','R','E','G',
-    'E','X','P','L','A','I','N','S','T','E','A','D','D','A','T','A','B','A',
-    'S','E','L','E','C','T','A','B','L','E','F','T','H','E','N','D','E','F',
-    'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N',
-    'S','A','C','T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I',
-    'S','E','X','C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','A','V','E',
-    'P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','E',
-    'F','E','R','E','N','C','E','S','C','O','N','S','T','R','A','I','N','T',
-    'O','F','F','S','E','T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','U','N','I','Q',
-    'U','E','R','Y','W','I','T','H','O','U','T','E','R','E','L','E','A','S',
-    'E','A','T','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N','G','R','O','U','P','D','A',
-    'T','E','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','E','C','U','R','S','I','V','E',
-    'B','E','T','W','E','E','N','O','T','N','U','L','L','I','K','E','C','A',
-    'S','C','A','D','E','L','E','T','E','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L','A',
-    'T','E','C','R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D','A',
-    'T','E','D','E','T','A','C','H','I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E','J',
-    'O','I','N','S','E','R','T','M','A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A','L',
-    'Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M','A','B','O','R','T','V','A','L','U','E',
-    'S','V','I','R','T','U','A','L','I','M','I','T','W','H','E','N','W','H',
-    'E','R','E','N','A','M','E','A','F','T','E','R','E','P','L','A','C','E',
-    'A','N','D','E','F','A','U','L','T','A','U','T','O','I','N','C','R','E',
-    'M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C','O','L','U','M','N','C','O','M','M',
-    'I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C','T','C','R','O','S','S','C','U','R',
-    'R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E','S','T','A','M','P','R','I','M','A',
-    'R','Y','D','E','F','E','R','R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T','D',
-    'R','O','P','F','A','I','L','F','R','O','M','F','U','L','L','G','L','O',
-    'B','Y','I','F','I','S','N','U','L','L','O','R','D','E','R','E','S','T',
-    'R','I','C','T','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L','B','A','C','K','R',
-    'O','W','U','N','I','O','N','U','S','I','N','G','V','A','C','U','U','M',
-    'V','I','E','W','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y',
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aHash[127] = {
-      76, 105, 117,  74,   0,  45,   0,   0,  82,   0,  77,   0,   0,
-      42,  12,  78,  15,   0, 116,  85,  54, 112,   0,  19,   0,   0,
-     121,   0, 119, 115,   0,  22,  93,   0,   9,   0,   0,  70,  71,
-       0,  69,   6,   0,  48,  90, 102,   0, 118, 101,   0,   0,  44,
-       0, 103,  24,   0,  17,   0, 122,  53,  23,   0,   5, 110,  25,
-      96,   0,   0, 124, 106,  60, 123,  57,  28,  55,   0,  91,   0,
-     100,  26,   0,  99,   0,   0,   0,  95,  92,  97,  88, 109,  14,
-      39, 108,   0,  81,   0,  18,  89, 111,  32,   0, 120,  80, 113,
-      62,  46,  84,   0,   0,  94,  40,  59, 114,   0,  36,   0,   0,
-      29,   0,  86,  63,  64,   0,  20,  61,   0,  56,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aNext[124] = {
-       0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   2,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   7,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   0,   0,   0,  33,   0,  21,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  50,
-       0,  43,   3,  47,   0,   0,   0,   0,  30,   0,  58,   0,  38,
-       0,   0,   0,   1,  66,   0,   0,  67,   0,  41,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   0,   0,  49,  65,   0,   0,   0,   0,  31,  52,  16,  34,
-      10,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  11,  72,  79,   0,   8,
-       0, 104,  98,   0, 107,   0,  87,   0,  75,  51,   0,  27,  37,
-      73,  83,   0,  35,  68,   0,   0,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aLen[124] = {
-       7,   7,   5,   4,   6,   4,   5,   3,   6,   7,   3,   6,   6,
-       7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   6,
-      11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,   9,   9,   7,  10,  10,
-       4,   6,   2,   3,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   7,   4,   5,   7,
-       6,   6,   5,   6,   5,   5,   9,   7,   7,   3,   2,   4,   4,
-       7,   3,   6,   4,   7,   6,  12,   6,   9,   4,   6,   5,   4,
-       7,   6,   5,   6,   7,   5,   4,   5,   6,   5,   7,   3,   7,
-      13,   2,   2,   4,   6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,   7,   8,   8,
-       2,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   2,   2,   6,   5,   8,   5,   8,
-       3,   5,   5,   6,   4,   9,   3,
-  };
-  static const unsigned short int aOffset[124] = {
-       0,   2,   2,   8,   9,  14,  16,  20,  23,  25,  25,  29,  33,
-      36,  41,  46,  48,  53,  54,  59,  62,  65,  67,  69,  78,  81,
-      86,  91,  95,  96, 101, 105, 109, 117, 122, 128, 136, 142, 152,
-     159, 162, 162, 165, 167, 167, 171, 176, 179, 184, 184, 188, 192,
-     199, 204, 209, 212, 218, 221, 225, 234, 240, 240, 240, 243, 246,
-     250, 251, 255, 261, 265, 272, 278, 290, 296, 305, 307, 313, 318,
-     320, 327, 332, 337, 343, 349, 354, 358, 361, 367, 371, 378, 380,
-     387, 389, 391, 400, 404, 410, 416, 424, 429, 429, 445, 452, 459,
-     460, 467, 471, 475, 479, 483, 486, 488, 490, 496, 500, 508, 513,
-     521, 524, 529, 534, 540, 544, 549,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aCode[124] = {
-    TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,     
-    TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,    
-    TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,    
-    TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,      
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,       
-    TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,    
-    TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_SAVEPOINT,  
-    TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TRIGGER,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_CONSTRAINT, TK_INTO,       
-    TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       
-    TK_OR,         TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,      TK_WITHOUT,    TK_WITH,       
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    TK_ATTACH,     TK_HAVING,     TK_GROUP,      
-    TK_UPDATE,     TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RECURSIVE,  TK_BETWEEN,    
-    TK_NOTNULL,    TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       TK_LIKE_KW,    
-    TK_CASCADE,    TK_ASC,        TK_DELETE,     TK_CASE,       TK_COLLATE,    
-    TK_CREATE,     TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_DETACH,     TK_IMMEDIATE,  TK_JOIN,       
-    TK_INSERT,     TK_MATCH,      TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    TK_PRAGMA,     
-    TK_ABORT,      TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_LIMIT,      TK_WHEN,       
-    TK_WHERE,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AFTER,      TK_REPLACE,    TK_AND,        
-    TK_DEFAULT,    TK_AUTOINCR,   TK_TO,         TK_IN,         TK_CAST,       
-    TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_CTIME_KW,   
-    TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_PRIMARY,    TK_DEFERRED,   TK_DISTINCT,   TK_IS,         
-    TK_DROP,       TK_FAIL,       TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_LIKE_KW,    
-    TK_BY,         TK_IF,         TK_ISNULL,     TK_ORDER,      TK_RESTRICT,   
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROW,        TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      
-    TK_VACUUM,     TK_VIEW,       TK_INITIALLY,  TK_ALL,        
-  };
   int i, j;
   const char *zKW;
   if( n>=2 ){
     i = ((charMap(z[0])*4) ^ (charMap(z[n-1])*3) ^ n) % 127;
-    for(i=((int)aHash[i])-1; i>=0; i=((int)aNext[i])-1){
-      if( aLen[i]!=n ) continue;
+    for(i=((int)aKWHash[i])-1; i>=0; i=((int)aKWNext[i])-1){
+      if( aKWLen[i]!=n ) continue;
       j = 0;
-      zKW = &zText[aOffset[i]];
+      zKW = &zKWText[aKWOffset[i]];
 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
       while( j<n && (z[j]&~0x20)==zKW[j] ){ j++; }
 #endif
@@ -139755,7 +142486,7 @@
       testcase( i==121 ); /* VIEW */
       testcase( i==122 ); /* INITIALLY */
       testcase( i==123 ); /* ALL */
-      *pType = aCode[i];
+      *pType = aKWCode[i];
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -140153,7 +142884,7 @@
       }else{
         tokenType = TK_SEMI;
       }
-      zSql -= n;
+      n = 0;
     }
     if( tokenType>=TK_SPACE ){
       assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL );
@@ -140608,6 +143339,10 @@
 */
 /* #include "sqlite3.h" */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+# undef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+#endif
+
 #if 0
 extern "C" {
 #endif  /* __cplusplus */
@@ -140621,7 +143356,7 @@
 /************** End of rtree.h ***********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
 #endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
 /************** Include sqliteicu.h in the middle of main.c ******************/
 /************** Begin file sqliteicu.h ***************************************/
 /*
@@ -140658,6 +143393,9 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Json1Init(sqlite3*);
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
 #endif
@@ -140674,11 +143412,13 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void){ return sqlite3_version; }
 
-/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-63124-39300 The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns a
+/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-25063-23286 The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns a
 ** pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
-** SQLITE_SOURCE_ID C preprocessor macro. 
+** SQLITE_SOURCE_ID C preprocessor macro. Except if SQLite is built using
+** an edited copy of the amalgamation, then the last four characters of
+** the hash might be different from SQLITE_SOURCE_ID.
 */
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
+/* SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; } */
 
 /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-35210-63508 The sqlite3_libversion_number() function
 ** returns an integer equal to SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER.
@@ -141063,14 +143803,8 @@
       sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat = va_arg(ap, int);
       break;
     }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: {
-      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-08404-60887 There are three arguments to
-      ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: A pointer an 8-byte aligned memory buffer from
-      ** which the scratch allocations will be drawn, the size of each scratch
-      ** allocation (sz), and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N). */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC: {
+      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bSmallMalloc = va_arg(ap, int);
       break;
     }
     case SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: {
@@ -141291,7 +144025,8 @@
 static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
   void *pStart;
-  if( db->lookaside.nOut ){
+  
+  if( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)>0 ){
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
   /* Free any existing lookaside buffer for this handle before
@@ -141319,16 +144054,18 @@
     pStart = pBuf;
   }
   db->lookaside.pStart = pStart;
+  db->lookaside.pInit = 0;
   db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
   db->lookaside.sz = (u16)sz;
   if( pStart ){
     int i;
     LookasideSlot *p;
     assert( sz > (int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) );
+    db->lookaside.nSlot = cnt;
     p = (LookasideSlot*)pStart;
     for(i=cnt-1; i>=0; i--){
-      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
-      db->lookaside.pFree = p;
+      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pInit;
+      db->lookaside.pInit = p;
       p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[sz];
     }
     db->lookaside.pEnd = p;
@@ -141339,6 +144076,7 @@
     db->lookaside.pEnd = db;
     db->lookaside.bDisable = 1;
     db->lookaside.bMalloced = 0;
+    db->lookaside.nSlot = 0;
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE */
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -141420,6 +144158,8 @@
   va_start(ap, op);
   switch( op ){
     case SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME: {
+      /* IMP: R-06824-28531 */
+      /* IMP: R-36257-52125 */
       db->aDb[0].zDbSName = va_arg(ap,char*);
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
       break;
@@ -141441,6 +144181,8 @@
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER, SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, SQLITE_LoadExtension  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE,      SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG,           SQLITE_EnableQPSG     },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP,           SQLITE_TriggerEQP     },
       };
       unsigned int i;
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-42790-23372 */
@@ -141448,7 +144190,7 @@
         if( aFlagOp[i].op==op ){
           int onoff = va_arg(ap, int);
           int *pRes = va_arg(ap, int*);
-          int oldFlags = db->flags;
+          u32 oldFlags = db->flags;
           if( onoff>0 ){
             db->flags |= aFlagOp[i].mask;
           }else if( onoff==0 ){
@@ -141497,6 +144239,7 @@
   /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-65033-28449 The built-in BINARY collation compares
   ** strings byte by byte using the memcmp() function from the standard C
   ** library. */
+  assert( pKey1 && pKey2 );
   rc = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, n);
   if( rc==0 ){
     if( padFlag
@@ -141854,7 +144597,7 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED;
   sqlite3_mutex_free(db->mutex);
-  assert( db->lookaside.nOut==0 );  /* Fails on a lookaside memory leak */
+  assert( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)==0 );
   if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
     sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
   }
@@ -141882,7 +144625,7 @@
   ** the database rollback and schema reset, which can cause false
   ** corruption reports in some cases.  */
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  schemaChange = (db->flags & SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0 && db->init.busy==0;
+  schemaChange = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0 && db->init.busy==0;
 
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
@@ -141896,7 +144639,7 @@
   sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
   sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
 
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
+  if( (db->mDbFlags&DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
     sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
     sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
   }
@@ -141937,9 +144680,10 @@
       case SQLITE_NOMEM:              zName = "SQLITE_NOMEM";             break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY:           zName = "SQLITE_READONLY";          break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY"; break;
-      case SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK"; break;
+      case SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT"; break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK"; break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED:   zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED";  break;
+      case SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY: zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY";break;
       case SQLITE_INTERRUPT:          zName = "SQLITE_INTERRUPT";         break;
       case SQLITE_IOERR:              zName = "SQLITE_IOERR";             break;
       case SQLITE_IOERR_READ:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_READ";        break;
@@ -142029,10 +144773,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int rc){
   static const char* const aMsg[] = {
     /* SQLITE_OK          */ "not an error",
-    /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error or missing database",
+    /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error",
     /* SQLITE_INTERNAL    */ 0,
     /* SQLITE_PERM        */ "access permission denied",
-    /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "callback requested query abort",
+    /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "query aborted",
     /* SQLITE_BUSY        */ "database is locked",
     /* SQLITE_LOCKED      */ "database table is locked",
     /* SQLITE_NOMEM       */ "out of memory",
@@ -142044,17 +144788,21 @@
     /* SQLITE_FULL        */ "database or disk is full",
     /* SQLITE_CANTOPEN    */ "unable to open database file",
     /* SQLITE_PROTOCOL    */ "locking protocol",
-    /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ "table contains no data",
+    /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ 0,
     /* SQLITE_SCHEMA      */ "database schema has changed",
     /* SQLITE_TOOBIG      */ "string or blob too big",
     /* SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  */ "constraint failed",
     /* SQLITE_MISMATCH    */ "datatype mismatch",
-    /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "library routine called out of sequence",
+    /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "bad parameter or other API misuse",
+#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
     /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ "large file support is disabled",
+#else
+    /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ 0,
+#endif
     /* SQLITE_AUTH        */ "authorization denied",
-    /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ "auxiliary database format error",
-    /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "bind or column index out of range",
-    /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is encrypted or is not a database",
+    /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ 0,
+    /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "column index out of range",
+    /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is not a database",
   };
   const char *zErr = "unknown error";
   switch( rc ){
@@ -142794,7 +145542,8 @@
 ** checkpointed. If an error is encountered it is returned immediately -
 ** no attempt is made to checkpoint any remaining databases.
 **
-** Parameter eMode is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL or RESTART.
+** Parameter eMode is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL, RESTART
+** or TRUNCATE.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, int eMode, int *pnLog, int *pnCkpt){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
@@ -142894,12 +145643,9 @@
     'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 'o', 'f', ' ', 'm', 'e', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'y', 0
   };
   static const u16 misuse[] = {
-    'l', 'i', 'b', 'r', 'a', 'r', 'y', ' ', 
-    'r', 'o', 'u', 't', 'i', 'n', 'e', ' ', 
-    'c', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'd', ' ', 
-    'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 
-    'o', 'f', ' ', 
-    's', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'e', 0
+    'b', 'a', 'd', ' ', 'p', 'a', 'r', 'a', 'm', 'e', 't', 'e', 'r', ' ',
+    'o', 'r', ' ', 'o', 't', 'h', 'e', 'r', ' ', 'A', 'P', 'I', ' ',
+    'm', 'i', 's', 'u', 's', 'e', 0
   };
 
   const void *z;
@@ -143434,26 +146180,6 @@
   if( rc ) return rc;
 #endif
 
-  /* Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.  
-  ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
-  ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
-  ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
-  ** are:
-  **
-  **  1:  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
-  **  2:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
-  **  6:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
-  */
-  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY  == 0x01 );
-  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE == 0x02 );
-  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE    == 0x04 );
-  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x02 ); /* READONLY */
-  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
-  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
-  if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-65497-44594 */
-  }
-
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 ){
     isThreadsafe = 0;
   }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX ){
@@ -143463,6 +146189,7 @@
   }else{
     isThreadsafe = sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex;
   }
+
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE ){
     flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
   }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.sharedCacheEnabled ){
@@ -143495,13 +146222,20 @@
   /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
   db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
   if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
-  if( isThreadsafe ){
+  if( isThreadsafe 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+   || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex
+#endif
+  ){
     db->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
     if( db->mutex==0 ){
       sqlite3_free(db);
       db = 0;
       goto opendb_out;
     }
+    if( isThreadsafe==0 ){
+      sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(db->mutex);
+    }
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   db->errMask = 0xff;
@@ -143545,6 +146279,9 @@
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER)
                  | SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer
 #endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_QPSG)
+                 | SQLITE_EnableQPSG
+#endif
       ;
   sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
@@ -143572,9 +146309,30 @@
   db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3StrBINARY, 0);
   assert( db->pDfltColl!=0 );
 
-  /* Parse the filename/URI argument. */
+  /* Parse the filename/URI argument
+  **
+  ** Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.  
+  ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
+  ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
+  ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
+  ** are:
+  **
+  **  1:  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
+  **  2:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
+  **  6:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
+  */
   db->openFlags = flags;
-  rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
+  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY  == 0x01 );
+  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE == 0x02 );
+  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE    == 0x04 );
+  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x02 ); /* READONLY */
+  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
+  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
+  if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-65497-44594 */
+  }else{
+    rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
+  }
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
     sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, zErrMsg ? "%s" : 0, zErrMsg);
@@ -143659,7 +146417,7 @@
   }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
   if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3IcuInit(db);
   }
@@ -143671,6 +146429,12 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
+    rc = sqlite3DbpageRegister(db);
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
   if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
     rc = sqlite3DbstatRegister(db);
@@ -143683,6 +146447,12 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
+    rc = sqlite3StmtVtabInit(db);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
   ** mode.  -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=0 make NORMAL the default locking
   ** mode.  Doing nothing at all also makes NORMAL the default.
@@ -143949,31 +146719,37 @@
 **   2.  Invoke sqlite3_log() to provide the source code location where
 **       a low-level error is first detected.
 */
-static int reportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType){
   sqlite3_log(iErr, "%s at line %d of [%.10s]",
               zType, lineno, 20+sqlite3_sourceid());
   return iErr;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, "database corruption");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, "database corruption");
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MisuseError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_MISUSE, lineno, "misuse");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_MISUSE, lineno, "misuse");
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, lineno, "cannot open file");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, lineno, "cannot open file");
 }
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int lineno, Pgno pgno){
+  char zMsg[100];
+  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zMsg), zMsg, "database corruption page %d", pgno);
+  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, zMsg);
+}
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NomemError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_NOMEM, lineno, "OOM");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_NOMEM, lineno, "OOM");
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM, lineno, "I/O OOM error");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM, lineno, "I/O OOM error");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -144318,7 +147094,7 @@
     ** This action provides a run-time test to see how the ALWAYS and
     ** NEVER macros were defined at compile-time.
     **
-    ** The return value is ALWAYS(X).  
+    ** The return value is ALWAYS(X) if X is true, or 0 if X is false.
     **
     ** The recommended test is X==2.  If the return value is 2, that means
     ** ALWAYS() and NEVER() are both no-op pass-through macros, which is the
@@ -144341,7 +147117,7 @@
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS: {
       int x = va_arg(ap,int);
-      rc = ALWAYS(x);
+      rc = x ? ALWAYS(x) : 0;
       break;
     }
 
@@ -144408,22 +147184,6 @@
     }
 #endif 
 
-    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC, sz, &pNew, pFree);
-    **
-    ** Pass pFree into sqlite3ScratchFree(). 
-    ** If sz>0 then allocate a scratch buffer into pNew.  
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC: {
-      void *pFree, **ppNew;
-      int sz;
-      sz = va_arg(ap, int);
-      ppNew = va_arg(ap, void**);
-      pFree = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      if( sz ) *ppNew = sqlite3ScratchMalloc(sz);
-      sqlite3ScratchFree(pFree);
-      break;
-    }
-
     /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT, int onoff);
     **
     ** If parameter onoff is non-zero, configure the wrappers so that all
@@ -144517,6 +147277,22 @@
       sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
       break;
     }
+
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE, FILE *out)
+    **
+    ** This test control (only available when SQLite is compiled with
+    ** -DYYCOVERAGE) writes a report onto "out" that shows all
+    ** state/lookahead combinations in the parser state machine
+    ** which are never exercised.  If any state is missed, make the
+    ** return code SQLITE_ERROR.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE: {
+      FILE *out = va_arg(ap, FILE*);
+      if( sqlite3ParserCoverage(out) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      break;
+    }
+#endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) */
   }
   va_end(ap);
 #endif /* SQLITE_UNTESTABLE */
@@ -144565,7 +147341,7 @@
 ){
   const char *z = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zFilename, zParam);
   sqlite3_int64 v;
-  if( z && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &v)==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( z && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &v)==0 ){
     bDflt = v;
   }
   return bDflt;
@@ -144726,6 +147502,58 @@
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+/*
+** Given the name of a compile-time option, return true if that option
+** was used and false if not.
+**
+** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
+** is not required for a match.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
+  int i, n;
+  int nOpt;
+  const char **azCompileOpt;
+ 
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( zOptName==0 ){
+    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  azCompileOpt = sqlite3CompileOptions(&nOpt);
+
+  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
+  n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);
+
+  /* Since nOpt is normally in single digits, a linear search is 
+  ** adequate. No need for a binary search. */
+  for(i=0; i<nOpt; i++){
+    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0
+     && sqlite3IsIdChar((unsigned char)azCompileOpt[i][n])==0
+    ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the N-th compile-time option string.  If N is out of range,
+** return a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
+  int nOpt;
+  const char **azCompileOpt;
+  azCompileOpt = sqlite3CompileOptions(&nOpt);
+  if( N>=0 && N<nOpt ){
+    return azCompileOpt[N];
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
+
 /************** End of main.c ************************************************/
 /************** Begin file notify.c ******************************************/
 /*
@@ -147677,17 +150505,26 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Free all resources currently held by the cursor passed as the only
+** argument.
+*/
+static void fts3ClearCursor(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
+  fts3CursorFinalizeStmt(pCsr);
+  sqlite3Fts3FreeDeferredTokens(pCsr);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
+  sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
+  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
+  memset(&(&pCsr->base)[1], 0, sizeof(Fts3Cursor)-sizeof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor));
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close the cursor.  For additional information see the documentation
 ** on the xClose method of the virtual table interface.
 */
 static int fts3CloseMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;
   assert( ((Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab)->pSegments==0 );
-  fts3CursorFinalizeStmt(pCsr);
-  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
-  sqlite3Fts3FreeDeferredTokens(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
-  sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
+  fts3ClearCursor(pCsr);
   assert( ((Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab)->pSegments==0 );
   sqlite3_free(pCsr);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -147713,7 +150550,7 @@
     }else{
       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s WHERE rowid = ?", p->zReadExprlist);
       if( !zSql ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pCsr->pStmt, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pCsr->bSeekStmt = 1;
@@ -149188,11 +152025,7 @@
   assert( iIdx==nVal );
 
   /* In case the cursor has been used before, clear it now. */
-  fts3CursorFinalizeStmt(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
-  sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
-  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
-  memset(&pCursor[1], 0, sizeof(Fts3Cursor)-sizeof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor));
+  fts3ClearCursor(pCsr);
 
   /* Set the lower and upper bounds on docids to return */
   pCsr->iMinDocid = fts3DocidRange(pDocidGe, SMALLEST_INT64);
@@ -149250,7 +152083,7 @@
       );
     }
     if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pCsr->pStmt, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db,zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -149271,7 +152104,12 @@
 ** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
 */
 static int fts3EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
-  return ((Fts3Cursor *)pCursor)->isEof;
+  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor*)pCursor;
+  if( pCsr->isEof ){
+    fts3ClearCursor(pCsr);
+    pCsr->isEof = 1;
+  }
+  return pCsr->isEof;
 }
 
 /* 
@@ -149312,7 +152150,7 @@
   switch( iCol-p->nColumn ){
     case 0:
       /* The special 'table-name' column */
-      sqlite3_result_pointer(pCtx, pCsr);
+      sqlite3_result_pointer(pCtx, pCsr, "fts3cursor", 0);
       break;
 
     case 1:
@@ -149530,15 +152368,17 @@
   sqlite3_value *pVal,            /* argv[0] passed to function */
   Fts3Cursor **ppCsr              /* OUT: Store cursor handle here */
 ){
-  Fts3Cursor *pRet = (Fts3Cursor*)sqlite3_value_pointer(pVal);
-  if( pRet==0 ){
+  int rc;
+  *ppCsr = (Fts3Cursor*)sqlite3_value_pointer(pVal, "fts3cursor");
+  if( (*ppCsr)!=0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
     char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("illegal first argument to %s", zFunc);
     sqlite3_result_error(pContext, zErr, -1);
     sqlite3_free(zErr);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  *ppCsr = pRet;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -156455,7 +159295,8 @@
     if( !zSql ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, NULL);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
+                              &pStmt, NULL);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
       p->aStmt[eStmt] = pStmt;
@@ -157421,7 +160262,7 @@
   ** safe (no risk of overread) even if the node data is corrupted. */
   pNext += fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nPrefix);
   pNext += fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nSuffix);
-  if( nSuffix<=0 
+  if( nSuffix<=0
    || (&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] - pNext)<nSuffix
    || nPrefix>pReader->nTermAlloc
   ){
@@ -164265,7 +167106,8 @@
 **      child page.
 */
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) \
+  || (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE))
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_CORE
 /*   #include "sqlite3ext.h" */
@@ -164422,7 +167264,7 @@
 ** The smallest possible node-size is (512-64)==448 bytes. And the largest
 ** supported cell size is 48 bytes (8 byte rowid + ten 4 byte coordinates).
 ** Therefore all non-root nodes must contain at least 3 entries. Since 
-** 2^40 is greater than 2^64, an r-tree structure always has a depth of
+** 3^40 is greater than 2^64, an r-tree structure always has a depth of
 ** 40 or less.
 */
 #define RTREE_MAX_DEPTH 40
@@ -164552,15 +167394,6 @@
   void *pContext;
 };
 
-
-/*
-** Value for the first field of every RtreeMatchArg object. The MATCH
-** operator tests that the first field of a blob operand matches this
-** value to avoid operating on invalid blobs (which could cause a segfault).
-*/
-#define RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC 0x891245AB
-#define RTREE_GEOMETRY_SUBTYPE 0x52
-
 /*
 ** An instance of this structure (in the form of a BLOB) is returned by
 ** the SQL functions that sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback() and
@@ -164568,7 +167401,7 @@
 ** operand to the MATCH operator of an R-Tree.
 */
 struct RtreeMatchArg {
-  u32 magic;                  /* Always RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC */
+  u32 iSize;                  /* Size of this object */
   RtreeGeomCallback cb;       /* Info about the callback functions */
   int nParam;                 /* Number of parameters to the SQL function */
   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam; /* Original SQL parameter values */
@@ -165863,37 +168696,17 @@
 ** operator.
 */
 static int deserializeGeometry(sqlite3_value *pValue, RtreeConstraint *pCons){
-  RtreeMatchArg *pBlob;              /* BLOB returned by geometry function */
+  RtreeMatchArg *pBlob, *pSrc;       /* BLOB returned by geometry function */
   sqlite3_rtree_query_info *pInfo;   /* Callback information */
-  int nBlob;                         /* Size of the geometry function blob */
-  int nExpected;                     /* Expected size of the BLOB */
 
-  /* Check that value is actually a blob. */
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(pValue)!=SQLITE_BLOB
-   || sqlite3_value_subtype(pValue)!=RTREE_GEOMETRY_SUBTYPE
-  ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that the blob is roughly the right size. */
-  nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
-  if( nBlob<(int)sizeof(RtreeMatchArg) ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  pInfo = (sqlite3_rtree_query_info*)sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pInfo)+nBlob );
+  pSrc = sqlite3_value_pointer(pValue, "RtreeMatchArg");
+  if( pSrc==0 ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  pInfo = (sqlite3_rtree_query_info*)
+                sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pInfo)+pSrc->iSize );
   if( !pInfo ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(pInfo, 0, sizeof(*pInfo));
   pBlob = (RtreeMatchArg*)&pInfo[1];
-
-  memcpy(pBlob, sqlite3_value_blob(pValue), nBlob);
-  nExpected = (int)(sizeof(RtreeMatchArg) +
-                    pBlob->nParam*sizeof(sqlite3_value*) +
-                    (pBlob->nParam-1)*sizeof(RtreeDValue));
-  if( pBlob->magic!=RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC || nBlob!=nExpected ){
-    sqlite3_free(pInfo);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
+  memcpy(pBlob, pSrc, pSrc->iSize);
   pInfo->pContext = pBlob->cb.pContext;
   pInfo->nParam = pBlob->nParam;
   pInfo->aParam = pBlob->aParam;
@@ -166263,7 +169076,7 @@
 ){
   int rc;
   int ii;
-  RtreeNode *pNode;
+  RtreeNode *pNode = 0;
   rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pNode);
 
   for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(pRtree->iDepth-iHeight); ii++){
@@ -167095,7 +169908,7 @@
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
   RtreeNode *pLeaf = 0;           /* Leaf node containing record iDelete */
   int iCell;                      /* Index of iDelete cell in pLeaf */
-  RtreeNode *pRoot;               /* Root node of rtree structure */
+  RtreeNode *pRoot = 0;           /* Root node of rtree structure */
 
 
   /* Obtain a reference to the root node to initialize Rtree.iDepth */
@@ -167138,7 +169951,7 @@
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRtree->iDepth>0 && NCELL(pRoot)==1 ){
     int rc2;
-    RtreeNode *pChild;
+    RtreeNode *pChild = 0;
     i64 iChild = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pRoot, 0);
     rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iChild, pRoot, &pChild);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -167579,7 +170392,8 @@
   for(i=0; i<N_STATEMENT && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
     char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[i], zDb, zPrefix);
     if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, appStmt[i], 0); 
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
+                              appStmt[i], 0); 
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -167654,6 +170468,10 @@
     rc = getIntFromStmt(db, zSql, &pRtree->iNodeSize);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    }else if( pRtree->iNodeSize<(512-64) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("undersize RTree blobs in \"%q_node\"",
+                               pRtree->zName);
     }
   }
 
@@ -167846,6 +170664,463 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Context object passed between the various routines that make up the
+** implementation of integrity-check function rtreecheck().
+*/
+typedef struct RtreeCheck RtreeCheck;
+struct RtreeCheck {
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database handle */
+  const char *zDb;                /* Database containing rtree table */
+  const char *zTab;               /* Name of rtree table */
+  int bInt;                       /* True for rtree_i32 table */
+  int nDim;                       /* Number of dimensions for this rtree tbl */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pGetNode;         /* Statement used to retrieve nodes */
+  sqlite3_stmt *aCheckMapping[2]; /* Statements to query %_parent/%_rowid */
+  int nLeaf;                      /* Number of leaf cells in table */
+  int nNonLeaf;                   /* Number of non-leaf cells in table */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+  char *zReport;                  /* Message to report */
+  int nErr;                       /* Number of lines in zReport */
+};
+
+#define RTREE_CHECK_MAX_ERROR 100
+
+/*
+** Reset SQL statement pStmt. If the sqlite3_reset() call returns an error,
+** and RtreeCheck.rc==SQLITE_OK, set RtreeCheck.rc to the error code.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckReset(RtreeCheck *pCheck, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  int rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ) pCheck->rc = rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** The second and subsequent arguments to this function are a format string
+** and printf style arguments. This function formats the string and attempts
+** to compile it as an SQL statement.
+**
+** If successful, a pointer to the new SQL statement is returned. Otherwise,
+** NULL is returned and an error code left in RtreeCheck.rc.
+*/
+static sqlite3_stmt *rtreeCheckPrepare(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,             /* RtreeCheck object */
+  const char *zFmt, ...           /* Format string and trailing args */
+){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *z;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pRet = 0;
+
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( z==0 ){
+      pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      pCheck->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCheck->db, z, -1, &pRet, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(z);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** The second and subsequent arguments to this function are a printf()
+** style format string and arguments. This function formats the string and
+** appends it to the report being accumuated in pCheck.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckAppendMsg(RtreeCheck *pCheck, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK && pCheck->nErr<RTREE_CHECK_MAX_ERROR ){
+    char *z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( z==0 ){
+      pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      pCheck->zReport = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s%z", 
+          pCheck->zReport, (pCheck->zReport ? "\n" : ""), z
+      );
+      if( pCheck->zReport==0 ){
+        pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
+    }
+    pCheck->nErr++;
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is a no-op if there is already an error code stored
+** in the RtreeCheck object indicated by the first argument. NULL is
+** returned in this case.
+**
+** Otherwise, the contents of rtree table node iNode are loaded from
+** the database and copied into a buffer obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
+** If no error occurs, a pointer to the buffer is returned and (*pnNode)
+** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes.
+**
+** Or, if an error does occur, NULL is returned and an error code left
+** in the RtreeCheck object. The final value of *pnNode is undefined in
+** this case.
+*/
+static u8 *rtreeCheckGetNode(RtreeCheck *pCheck, i64 iNode, int *pnNode){
+  u8 *pRet = 0;                   /* Return value */
+
+  assert( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+  if( pCheck->pGetNode==0 ){
+    pCheck->pGetNode = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck,
+        "SELECT data FROM %Q.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno=?", 
+        pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab
+    );
+  }
+
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_bind_int64(pCheck->pGetNode, 1, iNode);
+    if( sqlite3_step(pCheck->pGetNode)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      int nNode = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCheck->pGetNode, 0);
+      const u8 *pNode = (const u8*)sqlite3_column_blob(pCheck->pGetNode, 0);
+      pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nNode);
+      if( pRet==0 ){
+        pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        memcpy(pRet, pNode, nNode);
+        *pnNode = nNode;
+      }
+    }
+    rtreeCheckReset(pCheck, pCheck->pGetNode);
+    if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK && pRet==0 ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Node %lld missing from database", iNode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is used to check that the %_parent (if bLeaf==0) or %_rowid
+** (if bLeaf==1) table contains a specified entry. The schemas of the
+** two tables are:
+**
+**   CREATE TABLE %_parent(nodeno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentnode INTEGER)
+**   CREATE TABLE %_rowid(rowid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, nodeno INTEGER)
+**
+** In both cases, this function checks that there exists an entry with
+** IPK value iKey and the second column set to iVal.
+**
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckMapping(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,             /* RtreeCheck object */
+  int bLeaf,                      /* True for a leaf cell, false for interior */
+  i64 iKey,                       /* Key for mapping */
+  i64 iVal                        /* Expected value for mapping */
+){
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  const char *azSql[2] = {
+    "SELECT parentnode FROM %Q.'%q_parent' WHERE nodeno=?",
+    "SELECT nodeno FROM %Q.'%q_rowid' WHERE rowid=?"
+  };
+
+  assert( bLeaf==0 || bLeaf==1 );
+  if( pCheck->aCheckMapping[bLeaf]==0 ){
+    pCheck->aCheckMapping[bLeaf] = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck,
+        azSql[bLeaf], pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab
+    );
+  }
+  if( pCheck->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
+
+  pStmt = pCheck->aCheckMapping[bLeaf];
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, iKey);
+  rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+    rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Mapping (%lld -> %lld) missing from %s table",
+        iKey, iVal, (bLeaf ? "%_rowid" : "%_parent")
+    );
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    i64 ii = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0);
+    if( ii!=iVal ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+          "Found (%lld -> %lld) in %s table, expected (%lld -> %lld)",
+          iKey, ii, (bLeaf ? "%_rowid" : "%_parent"), iKey, iVal
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  rtreeCheckReset(pCheck, pStmt);
+}
+
+/*
+** Argument pCell points to an array of coordinates stored on an rtree page.
+** This function checks that the coordinates are internally consistent (no
+** x1>x2 conditions) and adds an error message to the RtreeCheck object
+** if they are not.
+**
+** Additionally, if pParent is not NULL, then it is assumed to point to
+** the array of coordinates on the parent page that bound the page 
+** containing pCell. In this case it is also verified that the two
+** sets of coordinates are mutually consistent and an error message added
+** to the RtreeCheck object if they are not.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckCellCoord(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck, 
+  i64 iNode,                      /* Node id to use in error messages */
+  int iCell,                      /* Cell number to use in error messages */
+  u8 *pCell,                      /* Pointer to cell coordinates */
+  u8 *pParent                     /* Pointer to parent coordinates */
+){
+  RtreeCoord c1, c2;
+  RtreeCoord p1, p2;
+  int i;
+
+  for(i=0; i<pCheck->nDim; i++){
+    readCoord(&pCell[4*2*i], &c1);
+    readCoord(&pCell[4*(2*i + 1)], &c2);
+
+    /* printf("%e, %e\n", c1.u.f, c2.u.f); */
+    if( pCheck->bInt ? c1.i>c2.i : c1.f>c2.f ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+          "Dimension %d of cell %d on node %lld is corrupt", i, iCell, iNode
+      );
+    }
+
+    if( pParent ){
+      readCoord(&pParent[4*2*i], &p1);
+      readCoord(&pParent[4*(2*i + 1)], &p2);
+
+      if( (pCheck->bInt ? c1.i<p1.i : c1.f<p1.f) 
+       || (pCheck->bInt ? c2.i>p2.i : c2.f>p2.f)
+      ){
+        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+            "Dimension %d of cell %d on node %lld is corrupt relative to parent"
+            , i, iCell, iNode
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Run rtreecheck() checks on node iNode, which is at depth iDepth within
+** the r-tree structure. Argument aParent points to the array of coordinates
+** that bound node iNode on the parent node.
+**
+** If any problems are discovered, an error message is appended to the
+** report accumulated in the RtreeCheck object.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckNode(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,
+  int iDepth,                     /* Depth of iNode (0==leaf) */
+  u8 *aParent,                    /* Buffer containing parent coords */
+  i64 iNode                       /* Node to check */
+){
+  u8 *aNode = 0;
+  int nNode = 0;
+
+  assert( iNode==1 || aParent!=0 );
+  assert( pCheck->nDim>0 );
+
+  aNode = rtreeCheckGetNode(pCheck, iNode, &nNode);
+  if( aNode ){
+    if( nNode<4 ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+          "Node %lld is too small (%d bytes)", iNode, nNode
+      );
+    }else{
+      int nCell;                  /* Number of cells on page */
+      int i;                      /* Used to iterate through cells */
+      if( aParent==0 ){
+        iDepth = readInt16(aNode);
+        if( iDepth>RTREE_MAX_DEPTH ){
+          rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Rtree depth out of range (%d)", iDepth);
+          sqlite3_free(aNode);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      nCell = readInt16(&aNode[2]);
+      if( (4 + nCell*(8 + pCheck->nDim*2*4))>nNode ){
+        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+            "Node %lld is too small for cell count of %d (%d bytes)", 
+            iNode, nCell, nNode
+        );
+      }else{
+        for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
+          u8 *pCell = &aNode[4 + i*(8 + pCheck->nDim*2*4)];
+          i64 iVal = readInt64(pCell);
+          rtreeCheckCellCoord(pCheck, iNode, i, &pCell[8], aParent);
+
+          if( iDepth>0 ){
+            rtreeCheckMapping(pCheck, 0, iVal, iNode);
+            rtreeCheckNode(pCheck, iDepth-1, &pCell[8], iVal);
+            pCheck->nNonLeaf++;
+          }else{
+            rtreeCheckMapping(pCheck, 1, iVal, iNode);
+            pCheck->nLeaf++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(aNode);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** The second argument to this function must be either "_rowid" or
+** "_parent". This function checks that the number of entries in the
+** %_rowid or %_parent table is exactly nExpect. If not, it adds
+** an error message to the report in the RtreeCheck object indicated
+** by the first argument.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckCount(RtreeCheck *pCheck, const char *zTbl, i64 nExpect){
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pCount;
+    pCount = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck, "SELECT count(*) FROM %Q.'%q%s'",
+        pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab, zTbl
+    );
+    if( pCount ){
+      if( sqlite3_step(pCount)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        i64 nActual = sqlite3_column_int64(pCount, 0);
+        if( nActual!=nExpect ){
+          rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Wrong number of entries in %%%s table"
+              " - expected %lld, actual %lld" , zTbl, nExpect, nActual
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      pCheck->rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCount);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** This function does the bulk of the work for the rtree integrity-check.
+** It is called by rtreecheck(), which is the SQL function implementation.
+*/
+static int rtreeCheckTable(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to access db through */
+  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db ("main", "temp" etc.) */
+  const char *zTab,               /* Name of rtree table to check */
+  char **pzReport                 /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc'd report text */
+){
+  RtreeCheck check;               /* Common context for various routines */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Used to find column count of rtree table */
+  int bEnd = 0;                   /* True if transaction should be closed */
+
+  /* Initialize the context object */
+  memset(&check, 0, sizeof(check));
+  check.db = db;
+  check.zDb = zDb;
+  check.zTab = zTab;
+
+  /* If there is not already an open transaction, open one now. This is
+  ** to ensure that the queries run as part of this integrity-check operate
+  ** on a consistent snapshot.  */
+  if( sqlite3_get_autocommit(db) ){
+    check.rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN", 0, 0, 0);
+    bEnd = 1;
+  }
+
+  /* Find number of dimensions in the rtree table. */
+  pStmt = rtreeCheckPrepare(&check, "SELECT * FROM %Q.%Q", zDb, zTab);
+  if( pStmt ){
+    int rc;
+    check.nDim = (sqlite3_column_count(pStmt) - 1) / 2;
+    if( check.nDim<1 ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(&check, "Schema corrupt or not an rtree");
+    }else if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
+      check.bInt = (sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 1)==SQLITE_INTEGER);
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_CORRUPT ) check.rc = rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Do the actual integrity-check */
+  if( check.nDim>=1 ){
+    if( check.rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rtreeCheckNode(&check, 0, 0, 1);
+    }
+    rtreeCheckCount(&check, "_rowid", check.nLeaf);
+    rtreeCheckCount(&check, "_parent", check.nNonLeaf);
+  }
+
+  /* Finalize SQL statements used by the integrity-check */
+  sqlite3_finalize(check.pGetNode);
+  sqlite3_finalize(check.aCheckMapping[0]);
+  sqlite3_finalize(check.aCheckMapping[1]);
+
+  /* If one was opened, close the transaction */
+  if( bEnd ){
+    int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "END", 0, 0, 0);
+    if( check.rc==SQLITE_OK ) check.rc = rc;
+  }
+  *pzReport = check.zReport;
+  return check.rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Usage:
+**
+**   rtreecheck(<rtree-table>);
+**   rtreecheck(<database>, <rtree-table>);
+**
+** Invoking this SQL function runs an integrity-check on the named rtree
+** table. The integrity-check verifies the following:
+**
+**   1. For each cell in the r-tree structure (%_node table), that:
+**
+**       a) for each dimension, (coord1 <= coord2).
+**
+**       b) unless the cell is on the root node, that the cell is bounded
+**          by the parent cell on the parent node.
+**
+**       c) for leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the %_rowid 
+**          table corresponding to the cell's rowid value that 
+**          points to the correct node.
+**
+**       d) for cells on non-leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the 
+**          %_parent table mapping from the cell's child node to the
+**          node that it resides on.
+**
+**   2. That there are the same number of entries in the %_rowid table
+**      as there are leaf cells in the r-tree structure, and that there
+**      is a leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the %_rowid table.
+**
+**   3. That there are the same number of entries in the %_parent table
+**      as there are non-leaf cells in the r-tree structure, and that 
+**      there is a non-leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the 
+**      %_parent table.
+*/
+static void rtreecheck(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  int nArg, 
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
+  if( nArg!=1 && nArg!=2 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, 
+        "wrong number of arguments to function rtreecheck()", -1
+    );
+  }else{
+    int rc;
+    char *zReport = 0;
+    const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[0]);
+    const char *zTab;
+    if( nArg==1 ){
+      zTab = zDb;
+      zDb = "main";
+    }else{
+      zTab = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[1]);
+    }
+    rc = rtreeCheckTable(sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx), zDb, zTab, &zReport);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zReport ? zReport : "ok", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_error_code(ctx, rc);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zReport);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Register the r-tree module with database handle db. This creates the
 ** virtual table module "rtree" and the debugging/analysis scalar 
 ** function "rtreenode".
@@ -167859,6 +171134,9 @@
     rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreedepth", 1, utf8, 0,rtreedepth, 0, 0);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreecheck", -1, utf8, 0,rtreecheck, 0,0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
     void *c = (void *)RTREE_COORD_INT32;
 #else
@@ -167926,7 +171204,7 @@
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
   }else{
     int i;
-    pBlob->magic = RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC;
+    pBlob->iSize = nBlob;
     pBlob->cb = pGeomCtx[0];
     pBlob->apSqlParam = (sqlite3_value**)&pBlob->aParam[nArg];
     pBlob->nParam = nArg;
@@ -167943,8 +171221,7 @@
       sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
       rtreeMatchArgFree(pBlob);
     }else{
-      sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, pBlob, nBlob, rtreeMatchArgFree);
-      sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, RTREE_GEOMETRY_SUBTYPE);
+      sqlite3_result_pointer(ctx, pBlob, "RtreeMatchArg", rtreeMatchArgFree);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -168045,7 +171322,9 @@
 **     provide case-independent matching.
 */
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE)                  \
+ || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)             \
+ || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
 
 /* Include ICU headers */
 #include <unicode/utypes.h>
@@ -168063,6 +171342,26 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
+** This function is called when an ICU function called from within
+** the implementation of an SQL scalar function returns an error.
+**
+** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is 
+** loaded with an error message based on the following two args.
+*/
+static void icuFunctionError(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* SQLite scalar function context */
+  const char *zName,           /* Name of ICU function that failed */
+  UErrorCode e                 /* Error code returned by ICU function */
+){
+  char zBuf[128];
+  sqlite3_snprintf(128, zBuf, "ICU error: %s(): %s", zName, u_errorName(e));
+  zBuf[127] = '\0';
+  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zBuf, -1);
+}
+
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
+
+/*
 ** Maximum length (in bytes) of the pattern in a LIKE or GLOB
 ** operator.
 */
@@ -168119,15 +171418,15 @@
   const uint8_t *zString,    /* The UTF-8 string to compare against */
   const UChar32 uEsc         /* The escape character */
 ){
-  static const int MATCH_ONE = (UChar32)'_';
-  static const int MATCH_ALL = (UChar32)'%';
+  static const uint32_t MATCH_ONE = (uint32_t)'_';
+  static const uint32_t MATCH_ALL = (uint32_t)'%';
 
   int prevEscape = 0;     /* True if the previous character was uEsc */
 
   while( 1 ){
 
     /* Read (and consume) the next character from the input pattern. */
-    UChar32 uPattern;
+    uint32_t uPattern;
     SQLITE_ICU_READ_UTF8(zPattern, uPattern);
     if( uPattern==0 ) break;
 
@@ -168169,16 +171468,16 @@
       if( *zString==0 ) return 0;
       SQLITE_ICU_SKIP_UTF8(zString);
 
-    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==uEsc){
+    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==(uint32_t)uEsc){
       /* Case 3. */
       prevEscape = 1;
 
     }else{
       /* Case 4. */
-      UChar32 uString;
+      uint32_t uString;
       SQLITE_ICU_READ_UTF8(zString, uString);
-      uString = u_foldCase(uString, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
-      uPattern = u_foldCase(uPattern, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
+      uString = (uint32_t)u_foldCase((UChar32)uString, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
+      uPattern = (uint32_t)u_foldCase((UChar32)uPattern, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
       if( uString!=uPattern ){
         return 0;
       }
@@ -168242,24 +171541,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called when an ICU function called from within
-** the implementation of an SQL scalar function returns an error.
-**
-** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is 
-** loaded with an error message based on the following two args.
-*/
-static void icuFunctionError(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* SQLite scalar function context */
-  const char *zName,           /* Name of ICU function that failed */
-  UErrorCode e                 /* Error code returned by ICU function */
-){
-  char zBuf[128];
-  sqlite3_snprintf(128, zBuf, "ICU error: %s(): %s", zName, u_errorName(e));
-  zBuf[127] = '\0';
-  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zBuf, -1);
-}
-
-/*
 ** Function to delete compiled regexp objects. Registered as
 ** a destructor function with sqlite3_set_auxdata().
 */
@@ -168424,6 +171705,8 @@
   assert( 0 );     /* Unreachable */
 }
 
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) */
+
 /*
 ** Collation sequence destructor function. The pCtx argument points to
 ** a UCollator structure previously allocated using ucol_open().
@@ -168518,6 +171801,7 @@
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
   } scalars[] = {
     {"icu_load_collation",  2, SQLITE_UTF8,                1, icuLoadCollation},
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
     {"regexp", 2, SQLITE_ANY|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,         0, icuRegexpFunc},
     {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
     {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
@@ -168529,10 +171813,10 @@
     {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        1, icuCaseFunc16},
     {"like",   2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuLikeFunc},
     {"like",   3, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuLikeFunc},
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) */
   };
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int i;
-
   
   for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<(int)(sizeof(scalars)/sizeof(scalars[0])); i++){
     const struct IcuScalar *p = &scalars[i];
@@ -169275,6 +172559,28 @@
 );
 
 /*
+** Configure a limit for the amount of temp space that may be used by
+** the RBU handle passed as the first argument. The new limit is specified
+** in bytes by the second parameter. If it is positive, the limit is updated.
+** If the second parameter to this function is passed zero, then the limit
+** is removed entirely. If the second parameter is negative, the limit is
+** not modified (this is useful for querying the current limit).
+**
+** In all cases the returned value is the current limit in bytes (zero 
+** indicates unlimited).
+**
+** If the temp space limit is exceeded during operation, an SQLITE_FULL
+** error is returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size_limit(sqlite3rbu*, sqlite3_int64);
+
+/*
+** Return the current amount of temp file space, in bytes, currently used by 
+** the RBU handle passed as the only argument.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu*);
+
+/*
 ** Internally, each RBU connection uses a separate SQLite database 
 ** connection to access the target and rbu update databases. This
 ** API allows the application direct access to these database handles.
@@ -169342,10 +172648,10 @@
 **
 ** If an error has already occurred as part of an sqlite3rbu_step()
 ** or sqlite3rbu_open() call, or if one occurs within this function, an
-** SQLite error code is returned. Additionally, *pzErrmsg may be set to
-** point to a buffer containing a utf-8 formatted English language error
-** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free any 
-** such buffer using sqlite3_free().
+** SQLite error code is returned. Additionally, if pzErrmsg is not NULL,
+** *pzErrmsg may be set to point to a buffer containing a utf-8 formatted
+** English language error message. It is the responsibility of the caller to
+** eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** Otherwise, if no error occurs, this function returns SQLITE_OK if the
 ** update has been partially applied, or SQLITE_DONE if it has been 
@@ -169400,7 +172706,7 @@
 ** table exists but is not correctly populated, the value of the *pnOne
 ** output variable during stage 1 is undefined.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_bp_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, int *pnOne, int *pnTwo);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_bp_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, int *pnOne, int*pnTwo);
 
 /*
 ** Obtain an indication as to the current stage of an RBU update or vacuum.
@@ -169510,6 +172816,13 @@
 /* Maximum number of prepared UPDATE statements held by this module */
 #define SQLITE_RBU_UPDATE_CACHESIZE 16
 
+/* Delta checksums disabled by default.  Compile with -DRBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
+** to enable checksum verification.
+*/
+#ifndef RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
+# define RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM 0
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
 */
@@ -169785,6 +173098,8 @@
   int pgsz;
   u8 *aBuf;
   i64 iWalCksum;
+  i64 szTemp;                     /* Current size of all temp files in use */
+  i64 szTempLimit;                /* Total size limit for temp files */
 
   /* Used in RBU vacuum mode only */
   int nRbu;                       /* Number of RBU VFS in the stack */
@@ -169793,23 +173108,34 @@
 
 /*
 ** An rbu VFS is implemented using an instance of this structure.
+**
+** Variable pRbu is only non-NULL for automatically created RBU VFS objects.
+** It is NULL for RBU VFS objects created explicitly using
+** sqlite3rbu_create_vfs(). It is used to track the total amount of temp
+** space used by the RBU handle.
 */
 struct rbu_vfs {
   sqlite3_vfs base;               /* rbu VFS shim methods */
   sqlite3_vfs *pRealVfs;          /* Underlying VFS */
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;           /* Mutex to protect pMain */
-  rbu_file *pMain;                /* Linked list of main db files */
+  sqlite3rbu *pRbu;               /* Owner RBU object */
+  rbu_file *pMain;                /* List of main db files */
+  rbu_file *pMainRbu;             /* List of main db files with pRbu!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
 ** Each file opened by an rbu VFS is represented by an instance of
 ** the following structure.
+**
+** If this is a temporary file (pRbu!=0 && flags&DELETE_ON_CLOSE), variable
+** "sz" is set to the current size of the database file.
 */
 struct rbu_file {
   sqlite3_file base;              /* sqlite3_file methods */
   sqlite3_file *pReal;            /* Underlying file handle */
   rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs;               /* Pointer to the rbu_vfs object */
   sqlite3rbu *pRbu;               /* Pointer to rbu object (rbu target only) */
+  i64 sz;                         /* Size of file in bytes (temp only) */
 
   int openFlags;                  /* Flags this file was opened with */
   u32 iCookie;                    /* Cookie value for main db files */
@@ -169823,6 +173149,7 @@
   const char *zWal;               /* Wal filename for this main db file */
   rbu_file *pWalFd;               /* Wal file descriptor for this main db */
   rbu_file *pMainNext;            /* Next MAIN_DB file */
+  rbu_file *pMainRbuNext;         /* Next MAIN_DB file with pRbu!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -169872,6 +173199,7 @@
   return v;
 }
 
+#if RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
 /*
 ** Compute a 32-bit checksum on the N-byte buffer.  Return the result.
 */
@@ -169906,6 +173234,7 @@
   }
   return sum3;
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Apply a delta.
@@ -169936,7 +173265,7 @@
 ){
   unsigned int limit;
   unsigned int total = 0;
-#ifndef FOSSIL_OMIT_DELTA_CKSUM_TEST
+#if RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
   char *zOrigOut = zOut;
 #endif
 
@@ -169991,7 +173320,7 @@
       case ';': {
         zDelta++; lenDelta--;
         zOut[0] = 0;
-#ifndef FOSSIL_OMIT_DELTA_CKSUM_TEST
+#if RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
         if( cnt!=rbuDeltaChecksum(zOrigOut, total) ){
           /* ERROR:  bad checksum */
           return -1;
@@ -171199,7 +174528,7 @@
         int iCid = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 1);
         int bDesc = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 3);
         const char *zCollate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pXInfo, 4);
-        zCols = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d %s COLLATE %s", zCols, zComma, 
+        zCols = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d %s COLLATE %Q", zCols, zComma,
             iCid, pIter->azTblType[iCid], zCollate
         );
         zPk = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d%s", zPk, zComma, iCid, bDesc?" DESC":"");
@@ -171260,7 +174589,7 @@
         ** "PRIMARY KEY" to the imposter table column declaration. */
         zPk = "PRIMARY KEY ";
       }
-      zSql = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\" %s %sCOLLATE %s%s", 
+      zSql = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\" %s %sCOLLATE %Q%s",
           zSql, zComma, zCol, pIter->azTblType[iCol], zPk, zColl,
           (pIter->abNotNull[iCol] ? " NOT NULL" : "")
       );
@@ -172823,6 +176152,7 @@
     sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zRnd);
     assert( pVfs );
     p->zVfsName = pVfs->zName;
+    ((rbu_vfs*)pVfs)->pRbu = p;
   }
 }
 
@@ -173195,13 +176525,18 @@
     /* Close the open database handle and VFS object. */
     sqlite3_close(p->dbRbu);
     sqlite3_close(p->dbMain);
+    assert( p->szTemp==0 );
     rbuDeleteVfs(p);
     sqlite3_free(p->aBuf);
     sqlite3_free(p->aFrame);
 
     rbuEditErrmsg(p);
     rc = p->rc;
-    *pzErrmsg = p->zErrmsg;
+    if( pzErrmsg ){
+      *pzErrmsg = p->zErrmsg;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(p->zErrmsg);
+    }
     sqlite3_free(p->zState);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }else{
@@ -173378,6 +176713,7 @@
 */
 
 static void rbuUnlockShm(rbu_file *p){
+  assert( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
   if( p->pRbu ){
     int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*,int,int,int) = p->pReal->pMethods->xShmLock;
     int i;
@@ -173391,6 +176727,81 @@
 }
 
 /*
+*/
+static int rbuUpdateTempSize(rbu_file *pFd, sqlite3_int64 nNew){
+  sqlite3rbu *pRbu = pFd->pRbu;
+  i64 nDiff = nNew - pFd->sz;
+  pRbu->szTemp += nDiff;
+  pFd->sz = nNew;
+  assert( pRbu->szTemp>=0 );
+  if( pRbu->szTempLimit && pRbu->szTemp>pRbu->szTempLimit ) return SQLITE_FULL;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add an item to the main-db lists, if it is not already present.
+**
+** There are two main-db lists. One for all file descriptors, and one
+** for all file descriptors with rbu_file.pDb!=0. If the argument has
+** rbu_file.pDb!=0, then it is assumed to already be present on the
+** main list and is only added to the pDb!=0 list.
+*/
+static void rbuMainlistAdd(rbu_file *p){
+  rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs = p->pRbuVfs;
+  rbu_file *pIter;
+  assert( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) );
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  if( p->pRbu==0 ){
+    for(pIter=pRbuVfs->pMain; pIter; pIter=pIter->pMainNext);
+    p->pMainNext = pRbuVfs->pMain;
+    pRbuVfs->pMain = p;
+  }else{
+    for(pIter=pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; pIter && pIter!=p; pIter=pIter->pMainRbuNext){}
+    if( pIter==0 ){
+      p->pMainRbuNext = pRbuVfs->pMainRbu;
+      pRbuVfs->pMainRbu = p;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Remove an item from the main-db lists.
+*/
+static void rbuMainlistRemove(rbu_file *p){
+  rbu_file **pp;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMain; *pp && *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainNext)){}
+  if( *pp ) *pp = p->pMainNext;
+  p->pMainNext = 0;
+  for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; *pp && *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainRbuNext)){}
+  if( *pp ) *pp = p->pMainRbuNext;
+  p->pMainRbuNext = 0;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Given that zWal points to a buffer containing a wal file name passed to
+** either the xOpen() or xAccess() VFS method, search the main-db list for
+** a file-handle opened by the same database connection on the corresponding
+** database file.
+**
+** If parameter bRbu is true, only search for file-descriptors with
+** rbu_file.pDb!=0.
+*/
+static rbu_file *rbuFindMaindb(rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs, const char *zWal, int bRbu){
+  rbu_file *pDb;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  if( bRbu ){
+    for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainRbuNext){}
+  }else{
+    for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMain; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainNext){}
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  return pDb;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close an rbu file.
 */
 static int rbuVfsClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
@@ -173407,14 +176818,14 @@
   sqlite3_free(p->zDel);
 
   if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-    rbu_file **pp;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
-    for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMain; *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainNext));
-    *pp = p->pMainNext;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+    rbuMainlistRemove(p);
     rbuUnlockShm(p);
     p->pReal->pMethods->xShmUnmap(p->pReal, 0);
   }
+  else if( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE) && p->pRbu ){
+    rbuUpdateTempSize(p, 0);
+  }
+  assert( p->pMainNext==0 && p->pRbuVfs->pMain!=p );
 
   /* Close the underlying file handle */
   rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xClose(p->pReal);
@@ -173532,11 +176943,19 @@
     assert( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
     rc = rbuCaptureDbWrite(p->pRbu, iOfst);
   }else{
-    if( pRbu && pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL 
-     && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL) 
-     && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz
-    ){
-      pRbu->iOalSz = iAmt + iOfst;
+    if( pRbu ){
+      if( pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL 
+       && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL) 
+       && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz
+      ){
+        pRbu->iOalSz = iAmt + iOfst;
+      }else if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE ){
+        i64 szNew = iAmt+iOfst;
+        if( szNew>p->sz ){
+          rc = rbuUpdateTempSize(p, szNew);
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+        }
+      }
     }
     rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xWrite(p->pReal, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iOfst==0 && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) ){
@@ -173555,6 +176974,10 @@
 */
 static int rbuVfsTruncate(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 size){
   rbu_file *p = (rbu_file*)pFile;
+  if( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE) && p->pRbu ){
+    int rc = rbuUpdateTempSize(p, size);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  }
   return p->pReal->pMethods->xTruncate(p->pReal, size);
 }
 
@@ -173661,6 +177084,9 @@
       }else if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ){
         pRbu->pTargetFd = p;
         p->pRbu = pRbu;
+        if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
+          rbuMainlistAdd(p);
+        }
         if( p->pWalFd ) p->pWalFd->pRbu = pRbu;
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
@@ -173822,20 +177248,6 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
-/*
-** Given that zWal points to a buffer containing a wal file name passed to 
-** either the xOpen() or xAccess() VFS method, return a pointer to the
-** file-handle opened by the same database connection on the corresponding
-** database file.
-*/
-static rbu_file *rbuFindMaindb(rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs, const char *zWal){
-  rbu_file *pDb;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-  for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMain; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainNext){}
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-  return pDb;
-}
-
 /* 
 ** A main database named zName has just been opened. The following 
 ** function returns a pointer to a buffer owned by SQLite that contains
@@ -173914,7 +177326,7 @@
       pFd->zWal = rbuMainToWal(zName, flags);
     }
     else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL ){
-      rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zName);
+      rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zName, 0);
       if( pDb ){
         if( pDb->pRbu && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
           /* This call is to open a *-wal file. Intead, open the *-oal. This
@@ -173944,6 +177356,8 @@
         pDb->pWalFd = pFd;
       }
     }
+  }else{
+    pFd->pRbu = pRbuVfs->pRbu;
   }
 
   if( oflags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB 
@@ -173964,10 +177378,7 @@
     ** mutex protected linked list of all such files.  */
     pFile->pMethods = &rbuvfs_io_methods;
     if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-      pFd->pMainNext = pRbuVfs->pMain;
-      pRbuVfs->pMain = pFd;
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+      rbuMainlistAdd(pFd);
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3_free(pFd->zDel);
@@ -174015,12 +177426,14 @@
   **      file opened instead.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && flags==SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS ){
-    rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zPath);
+    rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zPath, 1);
     if( pDb && pDb->pRbu && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
       if( *pResOut ){
         rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
       }else{
-        *pResOut = 1;
+        sqlite3_int64 sz = 0;
+        rc = rbuVfsFileSize(&pDb->base, &sz);
+        *pResOut = (sz>0);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -174209,6 +177622,20 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Configure the aggregate temp file size limit for this RBU handle.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size_limit(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, sqlite3_int64 n){
+  if( n>=0 ){
+    pRbu->szTempLimit = n;
+  }
+  return pRbu->szTempLimit;
+}
+
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
+  return pRbu->szTemp;
+}
+
 
 /**************************************************************************/
 
@@ -174912,6 +178339,9 @@
     0,                            /* xRollback */
     0,                            /* xFindMethod */
     0,                            /* xRename */
+    0,                            /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                            /* xRelease */
+    0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
   };
   return sqlite3_create_module(db, "dbstat", &dbstat_module, 0);
 }
@@ -174920,6 +178350,420 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB */
 
 /************** End of dbstat.c **********************************************/
+/************** Begin file dbpage.c ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2017-10-11
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains an implementation of the "sqlite_dbpage" virtual table.
+**
+** The sqlite_dbpage virtual table is used to read or write whole raw
+** pages of the database file.  The pager interface is used so that 
+** uncommitted changes and changes recorded in the WAL file are correctly
+** retrieved.
+**
+** Usage example:
+**
+**    SELECT data FROM sqlite_dbpage('aux1') WHERE pgno=123;
+**
+** This is an eponymous virtual table so it does not need to be created before
+** use.  The optional argument to the sqlite_dbpage() table name is the
+** schema for the database file that is to be read.  The default schema is
+** "main".
+**
+** The data field of sqlite_dbpage table can be updated.  The new
+** value must be a BLOB which is the correct page size, otherwise the
+** update fails.  Rows may not be deleted or inserted.
+*/
+
+/* #include "sqliteInt.h"   ** Requires access to internal data structures ** */
+#if (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)) \
+    && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+
+typedef struct DbpageTable DbpageTable;
+typedef struct DbpageCursor DbpageCursor;
+
+struct DbpageCursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;       /* Base class.  Must be first */
+  int pgno;                       /* Current page number */
+  int mxPgno;                     /* Last page to visit on this scan */
+  Pager *pPager;                  /* Pager being read/written */
+  DbPage *pPage1;                 /* Page 1 of the database */
+  int iDb;                        /* Index of database to analyze */
+  int szPage;                     /* Size of each page in bytes */
+};
+
+struct DbpageTable {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;              /* Base class.  Must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* The database */
+};
+
+/* Columns */
+#define DBPAGE_COLUMN_PGNO    0
+#define DBPAGE_COLUMN_DATA    1
+#define DBPAGE_COLUMN_SCHEMA  2
+
+
+
+/*
+** Connect to or create a dbpagevfs virtual table.
+*/
+static int dbpageConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
+          "CREATE TABLE x(pgno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data BLOB, schema HIDDEN)");
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pTab = (DbpageTable *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(DbpageTable));
+    if( pTab==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }
+
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pTab==0 );
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    memset(pTab, 0, sizeof(DbpageTable));
+    pTab->db = db;
+  }
+
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pTab;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Disconnect from or destroy a dbpagevfs virtual table.
+*/
+static int dbpageDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** idxNum:
+**
+**     0     schema=main, full table scan
+**     1     schema=main, pgno=?1
+**     2     schema=?1, full table scan
+**     3     schema=?1, pgno=?2
+*/
+static int dbpageBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
+  int i;
+  int iPlan = 0;
+
+  /* If there is a schema= constraint, it must be honored.  Report a
+  ** ridiculously large estimated cost if the schema= constraint is
+  ** unavailable
+  */
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+    if( p->iColumn!=DBPAGE_COLUMN_SCHEMA ) continue;
+    if( p->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( !p->usable ){
+      /* No solution.  Use the default SQLITE_BIG_DBL cost */
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 0x7fffffff;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+    iPlan = 2;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  /* If we reach this point, it means that either there is no schema=
+  ** constraint (in which case we use the "main" schema) or else the
+  ** schema constraint was accepted.  Lower the estimated cost accordingly
+  */
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0e6;
+
+  /* Check for constraints against pgno */
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+    if( p->usable && p->iColumn<=0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->idxFlags = SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE;
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = iPlan ? 2 : 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+      iPlan |= 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  pIdxInfo->idxNum = iPlan;
+
+  if( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy>=1
+   && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn<=0
+   && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc==0
+  ){
+    pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Open a new dbpagevfs cursor.
+*/
+static int dbpageOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr;
+
+  pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(DbpageCursor));
+  if( pCsr==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }else{
+    memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(DbpageCursor));
+    pCsr->base.pVtab = pVTab;
+    pCsr->pgno = -1;
+  }
+
+  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)pCsr;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Close a dbpagevfs cursor.
+*/
+static int dbpageClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  if( pCsr->pPage1 ) sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(pCsr->pPage1);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Move a dbpagevfs cursor to the next entry in the file.
+*/
+static int dbpageNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  pCsr->pgno++;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int dbpageEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  return pCsr->pgno > pCsr->mxPgno;
+}
+
+/*
+** idxNum:
+**
+**     0     schema=main, full table scan
+**     1     schema=main, pgno=?1
+**     2     schema=?1, full table scan
+**     3     schema=?1, pgno=?2
+**
+** idxStr is not used
+*/
+static int dbpageFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pCursor->pVtab;
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3 *db = pTab->db;
+  Btree *pBt;
+
+  /* Default setting is no rows of result */
+  pCsr->pgno = 1; 
+  pCsr->mxPgno = 0;
+
+  if( idxNum & 2 ){
+    const char *zSchema;
+    assert( argc>=1 );
+    zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+    pCsr->iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zSchema);
+    if( pCsr->iDb<0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    pCsr->iDb = 0;
+  }
+  pBt = db->aDb[pCsr->iDb].pBt;
+  if( pBt==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  pCsr->pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
+  pCsr->szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
+  pCsr->mxPgno = sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pBt);
+  if( idxNum & 1 ){
+    assert( argc>(idxNum>>1) );
+    pCsr->pgno = sqlite3_value_int(argv[idxNum>>1]);
+    if( pCsr->pgno<1 || pCsr->pgno>pCsr->mxPgno ){
+      pCsr->pgno = 1;
+      pCsr->mxPgno = 0;
+    }else{
+      pCsr->mxPgno = pCsr->pgno;
+    }
+  }else{
+    assert( pCsr->pgno==1 );
+  }
+  if( pCsr->pPage1 ) sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(pCsr->pPage1);
+  rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pCsr->pPager, 1, &pCsr->pPage1, 0);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int dbpageColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  int i
+){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0: {           /* pgno */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->pgno);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 1: {           /* data */
+      DbPage *pDbPage = 0;
+      rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pCsr->pPager, pCsr->pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, 0);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage), pCsr->szPage,
+                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }
+      sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {          /* schema */
+      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, db->aDb[pCsr->iDb].zDbSName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int dbpageRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  *pRowid = pCsr->pgno;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int dbpageUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv,
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
+  Pgno pgno;
+  DbPage *pDbPage = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zErr = 0;
+  const char *zSchema;
+  int iDb;
+  Btree *pBt;
+  Pager *pPager;
+  int szPage;
+
+  if( argc==1 ){
+    zErr = "cannot delete";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  pgno = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  if( (Pgno)sqlite3_value_int(argv[1])!=pgno ){
+    zErr = "cannot insert";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[4]);
+  iDb = zSchema ? sqlite3FindDbName(pTab->db, zSchema) : -1;
+  if( iDb<0 ){
+    zErr = "no such schema";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  pBt = pTab->db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
+  if( pgno<1 || pBt==0 || pgno>(int)sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pBt) ){
+    zErr = "bad page number";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[3])!=SQLITE_BLOB 
+   || sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[3])!=szPage
+  ){
+    zErr = "bad page value";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
+  rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      memcpy(sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage),
+             sqlite3_value_blob(argv[3]),
+             szPage);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
+  return rc;
+
+update_fail:
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
+  pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zErr);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/* Since we do not know in advance which database files will be
+** written by the sqlite_dbpage virtual table, start a write transaction
+** on them all.
+*/
+static int dbpageBegin(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
+  sqlite3 *db = pTab->db;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
+    if( pBt ) sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 1);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Invoke this routine to register the "dbpage" virtual table module
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+  static sqlite3_module dbpage_module = {
+    0,                            /* iVersion */
+    dbpageConnect,                /* xCreate */
+    dbpageConnect,                /* xConnect */
+    dbpageBestIndex,              /* xBestIndex */
+    dbpageDisconnect,             /* xDisconnect */
+    dbpageDisconnect,             /* xDestroy */
+    dbpageOpen,                   /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    dbpageClose,                  /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    dbpageFilter,                 /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    dbpageNext,                   /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    dbpageEof,                    /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+    dbpageColumn,                 /* xColumn - read data */
+    dbpageRowid,                  /* xRowid - read data */
+    dbpageUpdate,                 /* xUpdate */
+    dbpageBegin,                  /* xBegin */
+    0,                            /* xSync */
+    0,                            /* xCommit */
+    0,                            /* xRollback */
+    0,                            /* xFindMethod */
+    0,                            /* xRename */
+    0,                            /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                            /* xRelease */
+    0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
+  };
+  return sqlite3_create_module(db, "sqlite_dbpage", &dbpage_module, 0);
+}
+#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB */
+
+/************** End of dbpage.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file sqlite3session.c **********************************/
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
@@ -174969,6 +178813,7 @@
   int rc;                         /* Non-zero if an error has occurred */
   void *pFilterCtx;               /* First argument to pass to xTableFilter */
   int (*xTableFilter)(void *pCtx, const char *zTab);
+  sqlite3_value *pZeroBlob;       /* Value containing X'' */
   sqlite3_session *pNext;         /* Next session object on same db. */
   SessionTable *pTable;           /* List of attached tables */
   SessionHook hook;               /* APIs to grab new and old data with */
@@ -175036,6 +178881,7 @@
   SessionTable *pNext;
   char *zName;                    /* Local name of table */
   int nCol;                       /* Number of columns in table zName */
+  int bStat1;                     /* True if this is sqlite_stat1 */
   const char **azCol;             /* Column names */
   u8 *abPK;                       /* Array of primary key flags */
   int nEntry;                     /* Total number of entries in hash table */
@@ -175419,6 +179265,7 @@
         h = sessionHashAppendBlob(h, n, z);
       }else{
         assert( eType==SQLITE_NULL );
+        assert( pTab->bStat1==0 || i!=1 );
         *pbNullPK = 1;
       }
     }
@@ -175761,7 +179608,6 @@
         }
         if( memcmp(a, z, n) ) return 0;
         a += n;
-        break;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -175817,9 +179663,7 @@
 
 /*
 ** This function queries the database for the names of the columns of table
-** zThis, in schema zDb. It is expected that the table has nCol columns. If
-** not, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and none of the output variables are
-** populated.
+** zThis, in schema zDb.
 **
 ** Otherwise, if they are not NULL, variable *pnCol is set to the number
 ** of columns in the database table and variable *pzTab is set to point to a
@@ -175840,9 +179684,7 @@
 **     *pabPK  = {1, 0, 0, 1}
 **
 ** All returned buffers are part of the same single allocation, which must
-** be freed using sqlite3_free() by the caller. If pazCol was not NULL, then
-** pointer *pazCol should be freed to release all memory. Otherwise, pointer
-** *pabPK. It is illegal for both pazCol and pabPK to be NULL.
+** be freed using sqlite3_free() by the caller
 */
 static int sessionTableInfo(
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database connection */
@@ -175867,7 +179709,23 @@
   assert( pazCol && pabPK );
 
   nThis = sqlite3Strlen30(zThis);
-  zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA '%q'.table_info('%q')", zDb, zThis);
+  if( nThis==12 && 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", zThis) ){
+    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(db, zDb, zThis, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* For sqlite_stat1, pretend that (tbl,idx) is the PRIMARY KEY. */
+      zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT 0, 'tbl',  '', 0, '', 1     UNION ALL "
+          "SELECT 1, 'idx',  '', 0, '', 2     UNION ALL "
+          "SELECT 2, 'stat', '', 0, '', 0"
+      );
+    }else if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
+      zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("");
+    }else{
+      return rc;
+    }
+  }else{
+    zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA '%q'.table_info('%q')", zDb, zThis);
+  }
   if( !zPragma ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zPragma, -1, &pStmt, 0);
@@ -175959,12 +179817,56 @@
           break;
         }
       }
+      if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", pTab->zName) ){
+        pTab->bStat1 = 1;
+      }
     }
   }
   return (pSession->rc || pTab->abPK==0);
 }
 
 /*
+** Versions of the four methods in object SessionHook for use with the
+** sqlite_stat1 table. The purpose of this is to substitute a zero-length
+** blob each time a NULL value is read from the "idx" column of the
+** sqlite_stat1 table.
+*/
+typedef struct SessionStat1Ctx SessionStat1Ctx;
+struct SessionStat1Ctx {
+  SessionHook hook;
+  sqlite3_session *pSession;
+};
+static int sessionStat1Old(void *pCtx, int iCol, sqlite3_value **ppVal){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+  int rc = p->hook.xOld(p->hook.pCtx, iCol, &pVal);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCol==1 && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    pVal = p->pSession->pZeroBlob;
+  }
+  *ppVal = pVal;
+  return rc;
+}
+static int sessionStat1New(void *pCtx, int iCol, sqlite3_value **ppVal){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+  int rc = p->hook.xNew(p->hook.pCtx, iCol, &pVal);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCol==1 && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    pVal = p->pSession->pZeroBlob;
+  }
+  *ppVal = pVal;
+  return rc;
+}
+static int sessionStat1Count(void *pCtx){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  return p->hook.xCount(p->hook.pCtx);
+}
+static int sessionStat1Depth(void *pCtx){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  return p->hook.xDepth(p->hook.pCtx);
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** This function is only called from with a pre-update-hook reporting a 
 ** change on table pTab (attached to session pSession). The type of change
 ** (UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE) is specified by the first argument.
@@ -175980,6 +179882,7 @@
   int iHash; 
   int bNull = 0; 
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SessionStat1Ctx stat1;
 
   if( pSession->rc ) return;
 
@@ -175999,6 +179902,25 @@
     return;
   }
 
+  if( pTab->bStat1 ){
+    stat1.hook = pSession->hook;
+    stat1.pSession = pSession;
+    pSession->hook.pCtx = (void*)&stat1;
+    pSession->hook.xNew = sessionStat1New;
+    pSession->hook.xOld = sessionStat1Old;
+    pSession->hook.xCount = sessionStat1Count;
+    pSession->hook.xDepth = sessionStat1Depth;
+    if( pSession->pZeroBlob==0 ){
+      sqlite3_value *p = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
+      if( p==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        goto error_out;
+      }
+      sqlite3ValueSetStr(p, 0, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      pSession->pZeroBlob = p;
+    }
+  }
+
   /* Calculate the hash-key for this change. If the primary key of the row
   ** includes a NULL value, exit early. Such changes are ignored by the
   ** session module. */
@@ -176088,6 +180010,9 @@
 
   /* If an error has occurred, mark the session object as failed. */
  error_out:
+  if( pTab->bStat1 ){
+    pSession->hook = stat1.hook;
+  }
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     pSession->rc = rc;
   }
@@ -176424,7 +180349,6 @@
             if( abPK[i] ) bHasPk = 1;
           }
         }
-
       }
       sqlite3_free((char*)azCol);
       if( bMismatch ){
@@ -176550,6 +180474,7 @@
     }
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
+  sqlite3ValueFree(pSession->pZeroBlob);
 
   /* Delete all attached table objects. And the contents of their 
   ** associated hash-tables. */
@@ -177017,28 +180942,41 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt           /* OUT: Prepared SELECT statement */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int i;
-  const char *zSep = "";
-  SessionBuffer buf = {0, 0, 0};
+  char *zSql = 0;
+  int nSql = -1;
 
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, "SELECT * FROM ", &rc);
-  sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zDb, &rc);
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, ".", &rc);
-  sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zTab, &rc);
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, " WHERE ", &rc);
-  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-    if( abPK[i] ){
-      sessionAppendStr(&buf, zSep, &rc);
-      sessionAppendIdent(&buf, azCol[i], &rc);
-      sessionAppendStr(&buf, " = ?", &rc);
-      sessionAppendInteger(&buf, i+1, &rc);
-      zSep = " AND ";
+  if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", zTab) ){
+    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "SELECT tbl, ?2, stat FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl IS ?1 AND "
+        "idx IS (CASE WHEN ?2=X'' THEN NULL ELSE ?2 END)", zDb
+    );
+  }else{
+    int i;
+    const char *zSep = "";
+    SessionBuffer buf = {0, 0, 0};
+
+    sessionAppendStr(&buf, "SELECT * FROM ", &rc);
+    sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zDb, &rc);
+    sessionAppendStr(&buf, ".", &rc);
+    sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zTab, &rc);
+    sessionAppendStr(&buf, " WHERE ", &rc);
+    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+      if( abPK[i] ){
+        sessionAppendStr(&buf, zSep, &rc);
+        sessionAppendIdent(&buf, azCol[i], &rc);
+        sessionAppendStr(&buf, " IS ?", &rc);
+        sessionAppendInteger(&buf, i+1, &rc);
+        zSep = " AND ";
+      }
     }
+    zSql = (char*)buf.aBuf;
+    nSql = buf.nBuf;
   }
+
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, (char *)buf.aBuf, buf.nBuf, ppStmt, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, nSql, ppStmt, 0);
   }
-  sqlite3_free(buf.aBuf);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -177759,11 +181697,12 @@
   p->in.iCurrent = p->in.iNext;
 
   op = p->in.aData[p->in.iNext++];
-  if( op=='T' || op=='P' ){
+  while( op=='T' || op=='P' ){
     p->bPatchset = (op=='P');
     if( sessionChangesetReadTblhdr(p) ) return p->rc;
     if( (p->rc = sessionInputBuffer(&p->in, 2)) ) return p->rc;
     p->in.iCurrent = p->in.iNext;
+    if( p->in.iNext>=p->in.nData ) return SQLITE_DONE;
     op = p->in.aData[p->in.iNext++];
   }
 
@@ -178206,7 +182145,7 @@
   int nCol;                       /* Size of azCol[] and abPK[] arrays */
   const char **azCol;             /* Array of column names */
   u8 *abPK;                       /* Boolean array - true if column is in PK */
-
+  int bStat1;                     /* True if table is sqlite_stat1 */
   int bDeferConstraints;          /* True to defer constraints */
   SessionBuffer constraints;      /* Deferred constraints are stored here */
 };
@@ -178376,6 +182315,7 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Formulate and prepare an SQL statement to query table zTab by primary
 ** key. Assuming the following table structure:
@@ -178437,6 +182377,47 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+static int sessionPrepare(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_stmt **pp, const char *zSql){
+  return sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, pp, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare statements for applying changes to the sqlite_stat1 table.
+** These are similar to those created by sessionSelectRow(),
+** sessionInsertRow(), sessionUpdateRow() and sessionDeleteRow() for 
+** other tables.
+*/
+static int sessionStat1Sql(sqlite3 *db, SessionApplyCtx *p){
+  int rc = sessionSelectRow(db, "sqlite_stat1", p);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sessionPrepare(db, &p->pInsert,
+        "INSERT INTO main.sqlite_stat1 VALUES(?1, "
+        "CASE WHEN length(?2)=0 AND typeof(?2)='blob' THEN NULL ELSE ?2 END, "
+        "?3)"
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sessionPrepare(db, &p->pUpdate,
+        "UPDATE main.sqlite_stat1 SET "
+        "tbl = CASE WHEN ?2 THEN ?3 ELSE tbl END, "
+        "idx = CASE WHEN ?5 THEN ?6 ELSE idx END, "
+        "stat = CASE WHEN ?8 THEN ?9 ELSE stat END  "
+        "WHERE tbl=?1 AND idx IS "
+        "CASE WHEN length(?4)=0 AND typeof(?4)='blob' THEN NULL ELSE ?4 END "
+        "AND (?10 OR ?8=0 OR stat IS ?7)"
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sessionPrepare(db, &p->pDelete,
+        "DELETE FROM main.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl=?1 AND idx IS "
+        "CASE WHEN length(?2)=0 AND typeof(?2)='blob' THEN NULL ELSE ?2 END "
+        "AND (?4 OR stat IS ?3)"
+    );
+  }
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+  return rc;
+}
+
 /*
 ** A wrapper around sqlite3_bind_value() that detects an extra problem. 
 ** See comments in the body of this function for details.
@@ -178767,11 +182748,25 @@
 
   }else{
     assert( op==SQLITE_INSERT );
-    rc = sessionBindRow(pIter, sqlite3changeset_new, nCol, 0, p->pInsert);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+    if( p->bStat1 ){
+      /* Check if there is a conflicting row. For sqlite_stat1, this needs
+      ** to be done using a SELECT, as there is no PRIMARY KEY in the 
+      ** database schema to throw an exception if a duplicate is inserted.  */
+      rc = sessionSeekToRow(p->db, pIter, p->abPK, p->pSelect);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+        sqlite3_reset(p->pSelect);
+      }
+    }
 
-    sqlite3_step(p->pInsert);
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(p->pInsert);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = sessionBindRow(pIter, sqlite3changeset_new, nCol, 0, p->pInsert);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+      sqlite3_step(p->pInsert);
+      rc = sqlite3_reset(p->pInsert);
+    }
+
     if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
       rc = sessionConflictHandler(
           SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT, p, pIter, xConflict, pCtx, pbReplace
@@ -179004,12 +182999,20 @@
         }
         else{
           sApply.nCol = nCol;
-          if((rc = sessionSelectRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          || (rc = sessionUpdateRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          || (rc = sessionDeleteRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          || (rc = sessionInsertRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          ){
-            break;
+          if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zTab, "sqlite_stat1") ){
+            if( (rc = sessionStat1Sql(db, &sApply) ) ){
+              break;
+            }
+            sApply.bStat1 = 1;
+          }else{
+            if((rc = sessionSelectRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+                || (rc = sessionUpdateRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+                || (rc = sessionDeleteRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+                || (rc = sessionInsertRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+              ){
+              break;
+            }
+            sApply.bStat1 = 0;
           }
         }
         nTab = sqlite3Strlen30(zTab);
@@ -183323,6 +187326,8 @@
   int bPrefix
 );
 
+static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
+
 static Fts5ExprNearset *sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(
   Fts5Parse*, 
   Fts5ExprNearset*,
@@ -183403,9 +187408,10 @@
 #define FTS5_STRING                           9
 #define FTS5_LP                              10
 #define FTS5_RP                              11
-#define FTS5_COMMA                           12
-#define FTS5_PLUS                            13
-#define FTS5_STAR                            14
+#define FTS5_CARET                           12
+#define FTS5_COMMA                           13
+#define FTS5_PLUS                            14
+#define FTS5_STAR                            15
 
 /*
 ** 2000-05-29
@@ -183506,30 +187512,32 @@
 **                       defined, then do no error processing.
 **    fts5YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
 **    fts5YYNRULE            the number of rules in the grammar
+**    fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN           Number of terminal symbols
 **    fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT       Maximum value for shift actions
 **    fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE Minimum value for shift-reduce actions
 **    fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE Maximum value for shift-reduce actions
-**    fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 **    fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION    The fts5yy_action[] code for syntax error
 **    fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION   The fts5yy_action[] code for accept
 **    fts5YY_NO_ACTION       The fts5yy_action[] code for no-op
+**    fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE      Minimum value for reduce actions
+**    fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 */
 #ifndef INTERFACE
 # define INTERFACE 1
 #endif
 /************* Begin control #defines *****************************************/
 #define fts5YYCODETYPE unsigned char
-#define fts5YYNOCODE 28
+#define fts5YYNOCODE 29
 #define fts5YYACTIONTYPE unsigned char
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserFTS5TOKENTYPE Fts5Token
 typedef union {
   int fts5yyinit;
   sqlite3Fts5ParserFTS5TOKENTYPE fts5yy0;
   int fts5yy4;
-  Fts5Colset* fts5yy11;
-  Fts5ExprNode* fts5yy24;
-  Fts5ExprNearset* fts5yy46;
-  Fts5ExprPhrase* fts5yy53;
+  Fts5ExprPhrase* fts5yy11;
+  Fts5ExprNearset* fts5yy14;
+  Fts5Colset* fts5yy43;
+  Fts5ExprNode* fts5yy54;
 } fts5YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef fts5YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define fts5YYSTACKDEPTH 100
@@ -183538,16 +187546,17 @@
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_PDECL ,Fts5Parse *pParse
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_FETCH Fts5Parse *pParse = fts5yypParser->pParse
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_STORE fts5yypParser->pParse = pParse
-#define fts5YYNSTATE             33
-#define fts5YYNRULE              27
-#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT         32
-#define fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   50
-#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   76
-#define fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE        77
-#define fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE        103
-#define fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION      104
-#define fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     105
-#define fts5YY_NO_ACTION         106
+#define fts5YYNSTATE             35
+#define fts5YYNRULE              28
+#define fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN             16
+#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT         34
+#define fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   52
+#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   79
+#define fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION      80
+#define fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     81
+#define fts5YY_NO_ACTION         82
+#define fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE        83
+#define fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE        110
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 
 /* Define the fts5yytestcase() macro to be a no-op if is not already defined
@@ -183577,9 +187586,6 @@
 **   N between fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE       Shift to an arbitrary state then
 **     and fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE           reduce by rule N-fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE.
 **
-**   N between fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE
-**     and fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE
-**
 **   N == fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION               A syntax error has occurred.
 **
 **   N == fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION              The parser accepts its input.
@@ -183587,25 +187593,22 @@
 **   N == fts5YY_NO_ACTION                  No such action.  Denotes unused
 **                                      slots in the fts5yy_action[] table.
 **
+**   N between fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE
+**     and fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE
+**
 ** The action table is constructed as a single large table named fts5yy_action[].
 ** Given state S and lookahead X, the action is computed as either:
 **
 **    (A)   N = fts5yy_action[ fts5yy_shift_ofst[S] + X ]
 **    (B)   N = fts5yy_default[S]
 **
-** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if:
-**    (1)  The fts5yy_shift_ofst[S]+X value is out of range, or
-**    (2)  fts5yy_lookahead[fts5yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X, or
-**    (3)  fts5yy_shift_ofst[S] equal fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
-** (Implementation note: fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT is chosen so that
-** fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT+X will be out of range for all possible lookaheads X.
-** Hence only tests (1) and (2) need to be evaluated.)
+** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if
+** fts5yy_lookahead[fts5yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X.
 **
 ** The formulas above are for computing the action when the lookahead is
 ** a terminal symbol.  If the lookahead is a non-terminal (as occurs after
 ** a reduce action) then the fts5yy_reduce_ofst[] array is used in place of
-** the fts5yy_shift_ofst[] array and fts5YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT is used in place of
-** fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
+** the fts5yy_shift_ofst[] array.
 **
 ** The following are the tables generated in this section:
 **
@@ -183619,54 +187622,56 @@
 **  fts5yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
 **
 *********** Begin parsing tables **********************************************/
-#define fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (98)
+#define fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (105)
 static const fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   105,   19,   63,    6,   26,   66,   65,   24,   24,   17,
- /*    10 */    63,    6,   26,   16,   65,   54,   24,   18,   63,    6,
- /*    20 */    26,   10,   65,   12,   24,   75,   59,   63,    6,   26,
- /*    30 */    13,   65,   75,   24,   20,   63,    6,   26,   74,   65,
- /*    40 */    56,   24,   27,   63,    6,   26,   73,   65,   21,   24,
- /*    50 */    23,   15,   30,   11,    1,   64,   22,   25,    9,   65,
- /*    60 */     7,   24,    3,    4,    5,    3,    4,    5,    3,   77,
- /*    70 */     4,    5,    3,   61,   23,   15,   60,   11,   80,   12,
- /*    80 */     2,   13,   68,   10,   29,   52,   55,   75,   31,   32,
- /*    90 */     8,   28,    5,    3,   51,   55,   72,   14,
+ /*     0 */    81,   20,   96,    6,   28,   99,   98,   26,   26,   18,
+ /*    10 */    96,    6,   28,   17,   98,   56,   26,   19,   96,    6,
+ /*    20 */    28,   14,   98,  108,   26,   92,   96,    6,   28,   25,
+ /*    30 */    98,   78,   26,   21,   96,    6,   28,  107,   98,   58,
+ /*    40 */    26,   29,   96,    6,   28,   32,   98,   22,   26,   24,
+ /*    50 */    16,   23,   11,    1,   14,   13,   24,   16,   31,   11,
+ /*    60 */     3,   97,   13,   27,    8,   98,   82,   26,    7,    4,
+ /*    70 */     5,    3,    4,    5,    3,   83,    4,    5,    3,   63,
+ /*    80 */    33,   34,   62,   12,    2,   86,   13,   10,   12,   71,
+ /*    90 */    10,   13,   78,    5,    3,   78,    9,   30,   75,   82,
+ /*   100 */    54,   57,   53,   57,   15,
 };
 static const fts5YYCODETYPE fts5yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */    16,   17,   18,   19,   20,   22,   22,   24,   24,   17,
- /*    10 */    18,   19,   20,    7,   22,    9,   24,   17,   18,   19,
- /*    20 */    20,   10,   22,    9,   24,   14,   17,   18,   19,   20,
- /*    30 */     9,   22,   14,   24,   17,   18,   19,   20,   26,   22,
- /*    40 */     9,   24,   17,   18,   19,   20,   26,   22,   21,   24,
- /*    50 */     6,    7,   13,    9,   10,   18,   21,   20,    5,   22,
- /*    60 */     5,   24,    3,    1,    2,    3,    1,    2,    3,    0,
- /*    70 */     1,    2,    3,   11,    6,    7,   11,    9,    5,    9,
- /*    80 */    10,    9,   11,   10,   12,    8,    9,   14,   24,   25,
- /*    90 */    23,   24,    2,    3,    8,    9,    9,    9,
+ /*     0 */    17,   18,   19,   20,   21,   23,   23,   25,   25,   18,
+ /*    10 */    19,   20,   21,    7,   23,    9,   25,   18,   19,   20,
+ /*    20 */    21,    9,   23,   27,   25,   18,   19,   20,   21,   25,
+ /*    30 */    23,   15,   25,   18,   19,   20,   21,   27,   23,    9,
+ /*    40 */    25,   18,   19,   20,   21,   14,   23,   22,   25,    6,
+ /*    50 */     7,   22,    9,   10,    9,   12,    6,    7,   13,    9,
+ /*    60 */     3,   19,   12,   21,    5,   23,   28,   25,    5,    1,
+ /*    70 */     2,    3,    1,    2,    3,    0,    1,    2,    3,   11,
+ /*    80 */    25,   26,   11,    9,   10,    5,   12,   10,    9,   11,
+ /*    90 */    10,   12,   15,    2,    3,   15,   24,   25,    9,   28,
+ /*   100 */     8,    9,    8,    9,    9,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,
+ /*   110 */    28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,
+ /*   120 */    28,
 };
-#define fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT (98)
-#define fts5YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (32)
+#define fts5YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (34)
 #define fts5YY_SHIFT_MIN      (0)
-#define fts5YY_SHIFT_MAX      (90)
+#define fts5YY_SHIFT_MAX      (95)
 static const unsigned char fts5yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */    44,   44,   44,   44,   44,   44,   68,   70,   72,   14,
- /*    10 */    21,   73,   11,   18,   18,   31,   31,   62,   65,   69,
- /*    20 */    90,   77,   86,    6,   39,   53,   55,   59,   39,   87,
- /*    30 */    88,   39,   71,
+ /*     0 */    43,   43,   43,   43,   43,   43,   50,   74,   79,   45,
+ /*    10 */    12,   80,   77,   12,   16,   16,   30,   30,   68,   71,
+ /*    20 */    75,   91,   92,   94,    6,   31,   31,   59,   63,   57,
+ /*    30 */    31,   89,   95,   31,   78,
 };
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT (-18)
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_COUNT (16)
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-17)
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MAX   (67)
+#define fts5YY_REDUCE_COUNT (17)
+#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-18)
+#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MAX   (72)
 static const signed char fts5yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */   -16,   -8,    0,    9,   17,   25,   37,  -17,   64,  -17,
- /*    10 */    67,   12,   12,   12,   20,   27,   35,
+ /*     0 */   -17,   -9,   -1,    7,   15,   23,   42,  -18,  -18,   55,
+ /*    10 */    72,   -4,   -4,    4,   -4,   10,   25,   29,
 };
 static const fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */   104,  104,  104,  104,  104,  104,   89,  104,   98,  104,
- /*    10 */   104,  103,  103,  103,  103,  104,  104,  104,  104,  104,
- /*    20 */    85,  104,  104,  104,   94,  104,  104,   84,   96,  104,
- /*    30 */   104,   97,  104,
+ /*     0 */    80,   80,   80,   80,   80,   80,   95,   80,   80,  105,
+ /*    10 */    80,  110,  110,   80,  110,  110,   80,   80,   80,   80,
+ /*    20 */    80,   91,   80,   80,   80,  101,  100,   80,   80,   90,
+ /*    30 */   103,   80,   80,  104,   80,
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
@@ -183731,6 +187736,7 @@
   fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystk0;          /* First stack entry */
 #else
   fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
+  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yystackEnd;            /* Last entry in the stack */
 #endif
 };
 typedef struct fts5yyParser fts5yyParser;
@@ -183767,19 +187773,40 @@
 }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG)
 /* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
 ** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
 static const char *const fts5yyTokenName[] = { 
-  "$",             "OR",            "AND",           "NOT",         
-  "TERM",          "COLON",         "MINUS",         "LCP",         
-  "RCP",           "STRING",        "LP",            "RP",          
-  "COMMA",         "PLUS",          "STAR",          "error",       
-  "input",         "expr",          "cnearset",      "exprlist",    
-  "colset",        "colsetlist",    "nearset",       "nearphrases", 
-  "phrase",        "neardist_opt",  "star_opt",    
+  /*    0 */ "$",
+  /*    1 */ "OR",
+  /*    2 */ "AND",
+  /*    3 */ "NOT",
+  /*    4 */ "TERM",
+  /*    5 */ "COLON",
+  /*    6 */ "MINUS",
+  /*    7 */ "LCP",
+  /*    8 */ "RCP",
+  /*    9 */ "STRING",
+  /*   10 */ "LP",
+  /*   11 */ "RP",
+  /*   12 */ "CARET",
+  /*   13 */ "COMMA",
+  /*   14 */ "PLUS",
+  /*   15 */ "STAR",
+  /*   16 */ "error",
+  /*   17 */ "input",
+  /*   18 */ "expr",
+  /*   19 */ "cnearset",
+  /*   20 */ "exprlist",
+  /*   21 */ "colset",
+  /*   22 */ "colsetlist",
+  /*   23 */ "nearset",
+  /*   24 */ "nearphrases",
+  /*   25 */ "phrase",
+  /*   26 */ "neardist_opt",
+  /*   27 */ "star_opt",
 };
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
+#endif /* defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG) */
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /* For tracing reduce actions, the names of all rules are required.
@@ -183803,15 +187830,16 @@
  /*  15 */ "cnearset ::= nearset",
  /*  16 */ "cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset",
  /*  17 */ "nearset ::= phrase",
- /*  18 */ "nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP",
- /*  19 */ "nearphrases ::= phrase",
- /*  20 */ "nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase",
- /*  21 */ "neardist_opt ::=",
- /*  22 */ "neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING",
- /*  23 */ "phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt",
- /*  24 */ "phrase ::= STRING star_opt",
- /*  25 */ "star_opt ::= STAR",
- /*  26 */ "star_opt ::=",
+ /*  18 */ "nearset ::= CARET phrase",
+ /*  19 */ "nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP",
+ /*  20 */ "nearphrases ::= phrase",
+ /*  21 */ "nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase",
+ /*  22 */ "neardist_opt ::=",
+ /*  23 */ "neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING",
+ /*  24 */ "phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt",
+ /*  25 */ "phrase ::= STRING star_opt",
+ /*  26 */ "star_opt ::= STAR",
+ /*  27 */ "star_opt ::=",
 };
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -183880,6 +187908,9 @@
   pParser->fts5yytos = pParser->fts5yystack;
   pParser->fts5yystack[0].stateno = 0;
   pParser->fts5yystack[0].major = 0;
+#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
+  pParser->fts5yystackEnd = &pParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Fts5Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
@@ -183929,33 +187960,33 @@
     ** inside the C code.
     */
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
-    case 16: /* input */
+    case 17: /* input */
 {
  (void)pParse; 
 }
       break;
-    case 17: /* expr */
-    case 18: /* cnearset */
-    case 19: /* exprlist */
+    case 18: /* expr */
+    case 19: /* cnearset */
+    case 20: /* exprlist */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy24)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy54)); 
 }
       break;
-    case 20: /* colset */
-    case 21: /* colsetlist */
+    case 21: /* colset */
+    case 22: /* colsetlist */
 {
- sqlite3_free((fts5yypminor->fts5yy11)); 
+ sqlite3_free((fts5yypminor->fts5yy43)); 
 }
       break;
-    case 22: /* nearset */
-    case 23: /* nearphrases */
+    case 23: /* nearset */
+    case 24: /* nearphrases */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy46)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy14)); 
 }
       break;
-    case 24: /* phrase */
+    case 25: /* phrase */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParsePhraseFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy53)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParsePhraseFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy11)); 
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -184026,6 +188057,43 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+/* This array of booleans keeps track of the parser statement
+** coverage.  The element fts5yycoverage[X][Y] is set when the parser
+** is in state X and has a lookahead token Y.  In a well-tested
+** systems, every element of this matrix should end up being set.
+*/
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE)
+static unsigned char fts5yycoverage[fts5YYNSTATE][fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN];
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Write into out a description of every state/lookahead combination that
+**
+**   (1)  has not been used by the parser, and
+**   (2)  is not a syntax error.
+**
+** Return the number of missed state/lookahead combinations.
+*/
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE)
+static int sqlite3Fts5ParserCoverage(FILE *out){
+  int stateno, iLookAhead, i;
+  int nMissed = 0;
+  for(stateno=0; stateno<fts5YYNSTATE; stateno++){
+    i = fts5yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    for(iLookAhead=0; iLookAhead<fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN; iLookAhead++){
+      if( fts5yy_lookahead[i+iLookAhead]!=iLookAhead ) continue;
+      if( fts5yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead]==0 ) nMissed++;
+      if( out ){
+        fprintf(out,"State %d lookahead %s %s\n", stateno,
+                fts5yyTokenName[iLookAhead],
+                fts5yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] ? "ok" : "missed");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nMissed;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Find the appropriate action for a parser given the terminal
 ** look-ahead token iLookAhead.
@@ -184037,13 +188105,18 @@
   int i;
   int stateno = pParser->fts5yytos->stateno;
  
-  if( stateno>=fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE ) return stateno;
+  if( stateno>fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT ) return stateno;
   assert( stateno <= fts5YY_SHIFT_COUNT );
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE)
+  fts5yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] = 1;
+#endif
   do{
     i = fts5yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    assert( i>=0 && i+fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN<=sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead)/sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead[0]) );
     assert( iLookAhead!=fts5YYNOCODE );
+    assert( iLookAhead < fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN );
     i += iLookAhead;
-    if( i<0 || i>=fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT || fts5yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
+    if( fts5yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
 #ifdef fts5YYFALLBACK
       fts5YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
       if( iLookAhead<sizeof(fts5yyFallback)/sizeof(fts5yyFallback[0])
@@ -184106,7 +188179,6 @@
   assert( stateno<=fts5YY_REDUCE_COUNT );
 #endif
   i = fts5yy_reduce_ofst[stateno];
-  assert( i!=fts5YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT );
   assert( iLookAhead!=fts5YYNOCODE );
   i += iLookAhead;
 #ifdef fts5YYERRORSYMBOL
@@ -184144,20 +188216,21 @@
 ** Print tracing information for a SHIFT action
 */
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-static void fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yyParser *fts5yypParser, int fts5yyNewState){
+static void fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yyParser *fts5yypParser, int fts5yyNewState, const char *zTag){
   if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
     if( fts5yyNewState<fts5YYNSTATE ){
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s', go to state %d\n",
-         fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major],
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', go to state %d\n",
+         fts5yyTracePrompt, zTag, fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major],
          fts5yyNewState);
     }else{
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s'\n",
-         fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major]);
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', pending reduce %d\n",
+         fts5yyTracePrompt, zTag, fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major],
+         fts5yyNewState - fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE);
     }
   }
 }
 #else
-# define fts5yyTraceShift(X,Y)
+# define fts5yyTraceShift(X,Y,Z)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -184178,7 +188251,7 @@
   }
 #endif
 #if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-  if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=&fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH] ){
+  if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
     fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
     fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
     return;
@@ -184199,43 +188272,44 @@
   fts5yytos->stateno = (fts5YYACTIONTYPE)fts5yyNewState;
   fts5yytos->major = (fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yyMajor;
   fts5yytos->minor.fts5yy0 = fts5yyMinor;
-  fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyNewState);
+  fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyNewState, "Shift");
 }
 
 /* The following table contains information about every rule that
 ** is used during the reduce.
 */
 static const struct {
-  fts5YYCODETYPE lhs;         /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  unsigned char nrhs;     /* Number of right-hand side symbols in the rule */
+  fts5YYCODETYPE lhs;       /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
+  signed char nrhs;     /* Negative of the number of RHS symbols in the rule */
 } fts5yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  { 16, 1 },
-  { 20, 4 },
-  { 20, 3 },
-  { 20, 1 },
-  { 20, 2 },
-  { 21, 2 },
-  { 21, 1 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 5 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 1 },
-  { 19, 1 },
-  { 19, 2 },
-  { 18, 1 },
-  { 18, 3 },
-  { 22, 1 },
-  { 22, 5 },
-  { 23, 1 },
-  { 23, 2 },
-  { 25, 0 },
-  { 25, 2 },
-  { 24, 4 },
-  { 24, 2 },
-  { 26, 1 },
-  { 26, 0 },
+  {   17,   -1 }, /* (0) input ::= expr */
+  {   21,   -4 }, /* (1) colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
+  {   21,   -3 }, /* (2) colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
+  {   21,   -1 }, /* (3) colset ::= STRING */
+  {   21,   -2 }, /* (4) colset ::= MINUS STRING */
+  {   22,   -2 }, /* (5) colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
+  {   22,   -1 }, /* (6) colsetlist ::= STRING */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (7) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (8) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (9) expr ::= expr NOT expr */
+  {   18,   -5 }, /* (10) expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (11) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+  {   18,   -1 }, /* (12) expr ::= exprlist */
+  {   20,   -1 }, /* (13) exprlist ::= cnearset */
+  {   20,   -2 }, /* (14) exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
+  {   19,   -1 }, /* (15) cnearset ::= nearset */
+  {   19,   -3 }, /* (16) cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
+  {   23,   -1 }, /* (17) nearset ::= phrase */
+  {   23,   -2 }, /* (18) nearset ::= CARET phrase */
+  {   23,   -5 }, /* (19) nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
+  {   24,   -1 }, /* (20) nearphrases ::= phrase */
+  {   24,   -2 }, /* (21) nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
+  {   26,    0 }, /* (22) neardist_opt ::= */
+  {   26,   -2 }, /* (23) neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
+  {   25,   -4 }, /* (24) phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
+  {   25,   -2 }, /* (25) phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
+  {   27,   -1 }, /* (26) star_opt ::= STAR */
+  {   27,    0 }, /* (27) star_opt ::= */
 };
 
 static void fts5yy_accept(fts5yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -184243,22 +188317,38 @@
 /*
 ** Perform a reduce action and the shift that must immediately
 ** follow the reduce.
+**
+** The fts5yyLookahead and fts5yyLookaheadToken parameters provide reduce actions
+** access to the lookahead token (if any).  The fts5yyLookahead will be fts5YYNOCODE
+** if the lookahead token has already been consumed.  As this procedure is
+** only called from one place, optimizing compilers will in-line it, which
+** means that the extra parameters have no performance impact.
 */
 static void fts5yy_reduce(
   fts5yyParser *fts5yypParser,         /* The parser */
-  unsigned int fts5yyruleno        /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  unsigned int fts5yyruleno,       /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  int fts5yyLookahead,             /* Lookahead token, or fts5YYNOCODE if none */
+  sqlite3Fts5ParserFTS5TOKENTYPE fts5yyLookaheadToken  /* Value of the lookahead token */
 ){
   int fts5yygoto;                     /* The next state */
   int fts5yyact;                      /* The next action */
   fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yymsp;            /* The top of the parser's stack */
   int fts5yysize;                     /* Amount to pop the stack */
   sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_FETCH;
+  (void)fts5yyLookahead;
+  (void)fts5yyLookaheadToken;
   fts5yymsp = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( fts5yyTraceFILE && fts5yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(fts5yyRuleName)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleName[0])) ){
     fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs;
-    fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce [%s], go to state %d.\n", fts5yyTracePrompt,
-      fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno], fts5yymsp[-fts5yysize].stateno);
+    if( fts5yysize ){
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s], go to state %d.\n",
+        fts5yyTracePrompt,
+        fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno], fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s].\n",
+        fts5yyTracePrompt, fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno]);
+    }
   }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -184273,7 +188363,7 @@
     }
 #endif
 #if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-    if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=&fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH-1] ){
+    if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
       fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
       return;
     }
@@ -184300,137 +188390,143 @@
 /********** Begin reduce actions **********************************************/
         fts5YYMINORTYPE fts5yylhsminor;
       case 0: /* input ::= expr */
-{ sqlite3Fts5ParseFinished(pParse, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24); }
+{ sqlite3Fts5ParseFinished(pParse, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54); }
         break;
       case 1: /* colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
 { 
-    fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11);
+    fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43);
 }
         break;
       case 2: /* colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
-{ fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11; }
+{ fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43; }
         break;
       case 3: /* colset ::= STRING */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43;
         break;
       case 4: /* colset ::= MINUS STRING */
 {
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11);
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43);
 }
         break;
       case 5: /* colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); }
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43;
         break;
       case 6: /* colsetlist ::= STRING */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); 
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); 
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43;
         break;
       case 7: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_AND, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24, 0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_AND, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54, 0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 8: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_OR, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24, 0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_OR, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54, 0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 9: /* expr ::= expr NOT expr */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_NOT, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24, 0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_NOT, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54, 0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 10: /* expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
 {
-  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy11);
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24;
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy43);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54;
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 11: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24;}
+{fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54;}
         break;
       case 12: /* expr ::= exprlist */
       case 13: /* exprlist ::= cnearset */ fts5yytestcase(fts5yyruleno==13);
-{fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24;}
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+{fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54;}
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 14: /* exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 15: /* cnearset ::= nearset */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46); 
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14); 
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 16: /* cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46); 
-  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy11);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14); 
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy43);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 17: /* nearset ::= phrase */
-{ fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53); }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+{ fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11); }
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 18: /* nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
+      case 18: /* nearset ::= CARET phrase */
+{ 
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11);
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11); 
+}
+        break;
+      case 19: /* nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
 {
   sqlite3Fts5ParseNear(pParse, &fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy0);
-  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetDistance(pParse, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy46, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0);
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy46;
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetDistance(pParse, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy14, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy14;
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 19: /* nearphrases ::= phrase */
+      case 20: /* nearphrases ::= phrase */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53); 
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11); 
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 20: /* nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
+      case 21: /* nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy46, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy14, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 21: /* neardist_opt ::= */
+      case 22: /* neardist_opt ::= */
 { fts5yymsp[1].minor.fts5yy0.p = 0; fts5yymsp[1].minor.fts5yy0.n = 0; }
         break;
-      case 22: /* neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
+      case 23: /* neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
 { fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0; }
         break;
-      case 23: /* phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
+      case 24: /* phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy53, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy53 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53;
+  fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
         break;
-      case 24: /* phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
+      case 25: /* phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy53 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53;
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
         break;
-      case 25: /* star_opt ::= STAR */
+      case 26: /* star_opt ::= STAR */
 { fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4 = 1; }
         break;
-      case 26: /* star_opt ::= */
+      case 27: /* star_opt ::= */
 { fts5yymsp[1].minor.fts5yy4 = 0; }
         break;
       default:
@@ -184440,21 +188536,20 @@
   assert( fts5yyruleno<sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfo)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfo[0]) );
   fts5yygoto = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].lhs;
   fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs;
-  fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_reduce_action(fts5yymsp[-fts5yysize].stateno,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto);
-  if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
-    if( fts5yyact>fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT ){
-      fts5yyact += fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE - fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE;
-    }
-    fts5yymsp -= fts5yysize-1;
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yytos = fts5yymsp;
-    fts5yymsp->stateno = (fts5YYACTIONTYPE)fts5yyact;
-    fts5yymsp->major = (fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto;
-    fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyact);
-  }else{
-    assert( fts5yyact == fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION );
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yytos -= fts5yysize;
-    fts5yy_accept(fts5yypParser);
-  }
+  fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_reduce_action(fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto);
+
+  /* There are no SHIFTREDUCE actions on nonterminals because the table
+  ** generator has simplified them to pure REDUCE actions. */
+  assert( !(fts5yyact>fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT && fts5yyact<=fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE) );
+
+  /* It is not possible for a REDUCE to be followed by an error */
+  assert( fts5yyact!=fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION );
+
+  fts5yymsp += fts5yysize+1;
+  fts5yypParser->fts5yytos = fts5yymsp;
+  fts5yymsp->stateno = (fts5YYACTIONTYPE)fts5yyact;
+  fts5yymsp->major = (fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto;
+  fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyact, "... then shift");
 }
 
 /*
@@ -184566,20 +188661,31 @@
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s'\n",fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yymajor]);
+    int stateno = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->stateno;
+    if( stateno < fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' in state %d\n",
+              fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yymajor],stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' with pending reduce %d\n",
+              fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yymajor],stateno-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }
   }
 #endif
 
   do{
     fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_shift_action(fts5yypParser,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yymajor);
-    if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
+    if( fts5yyact >= fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      fts5yy_reduce(fts5yypParser,fts5yyact-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE,fts5yymajor,fts5yyminor);
+    }else if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
       fts5yy_shift(fts5yypParser,fts5yyact,fts5yymajor,fts5yyminor);
 #ifndef fts5YYNOERRORRECOVERY
       fts5yypParser->fts5yyerrcnt--;
 #endif
       fts5yymajor = fts5YYNOCODE;
-    }else if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE ){
-      fts5yy_reduce(fts5yypParser,fts5yyact-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }else if( fts5yyact==fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION ){
+      fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
+      fts5yy_accept(fts5yypParser);
+      return;
     }else{
       assert( fts5yyact == fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION );
       fts5yyminorunion.fts5yy0 = fts5yyminor;
@@ -185059,6 +189165,16 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the value in pVal interpreted as utf-8 text. Except, if pVal 
+** contains a NULL value, return a pointer to a static string zero
+** bytes in length instead of a NULL pointer.
+*/
+static const char *fts5ValueToText(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+  const char *zRet = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
+  return zRet ? zRet : "";
+}
+
+/*
 ** Implementation of snippet() function.
 */
 static void fts5SnippetFunction(
@@ -185093,9 +189209,9 @@
   nCol = pApi->xColumnCount(pFts);
   memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(HighlightContext));
   iCol = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[0]);
-  ctx.zOpen = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
-  ctx.zClose = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
-  zEllips = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[3]);
+  ctx.zOpen = fts5ValueToText(apVal[1]);
+  ctx.zClose = fts5ValueToText(apVal[2]);
+  zEllips = fts5ValueToText(apVal[3]);
   nToken = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[4]);
 
   iBestCol = (iCol>=0 ? iCol : 0);
@@ -186849,7 +190965,8 @@
 ** or term prefix.
 */
 struct Fts5ExprTerm {
-  int bPrefix;                    /* True for a prefix term */
+  u8 bPrefix;                     /* True for a prefix term */
+  u8 bFirst;                      /* True if token must be first in column */
   char *zTerm;                    /* nul-terminated term */
   Fts5IndexIter *pIter;           /* Iterator for this term */
   Fts5ExprTerm *pSynonym;         /* Pointer to first in list of synonyms */
@@ -186930,6 +191047,7 @@
     case '+':  tok = FTS5_PLUS;  break;
     case '*':  tok = FTS5_STAR;  break;
     case '-':  tok = FTS5_MINUS; break;
+    case '^':  tok = FTS5_CARET; break;
     case '\0': tok = FTS5_EOF;   break;
 
     case '"': {
@@ -187189,6 +191307,7 @@
   Fts5PoslistReader *aIter = aStatic;
   int i;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int bFirst = pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst;
   
   fts5BufferZero(&pPhrase->poslist);
 
@@ -187243,8 +191362,10 @@
     }while( bMatch==0 );
 
     /* Append position iPos to the output */
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(&pPhrase->poslist, &writer, iPos);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto ismatch_out;
+    if( bFirst==0 || FTS5_POS2OFFSET(iPos)==0 ){
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(&pPhrase->poslist, &writer, iPos);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto ismatch_out;
+    }
 
     for(i=0; i<pPhrase->nTerm; i++){
       if( sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderNext(&aIter[i]) ) goto ismatch_out;
@@ -187498,7 +191619,9 @@
     ** phrase is not a match, break out of the loop early.  */
     for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pNear->nPhrase; i++){
       Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[i];
-      if( pPhrase->nTerm>1 || pPhrase->aTerm[0].pSynonym || pNear->pColset ){
+      if( pPhrase->nTerm>1 || pPhrase->aTerm[0].pSynonym 
+       || pNear->pColset || pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst
+      ){
         int bMatch = 0;
         rc = fts5ExprPhraseIsMatch(pNode, pPhrase, &bMatch);
         if( bMatch==0 ) break;
@@ -187679,6 +191802,7 @@
   assert( pNear->nPhrase>1 
        || pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1 
        || pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].pSynonym
+       || pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].bFirst
   );
 
   /* Initialize iLast, the "lastest" rowid any iterator points to. If the
@@ -188204,6 +192328,16 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Set the "bFirst" flag on the first token of the phrase passed as the
+** only argument.
+*/
+static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase){
+  if( pPhrase && pPhrase->nTerm ){
+    pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** If argument pNear is NULL, then a new Fts5ExprNearset object is allocated
 ** and populated with pPhrase. Or, if pNear is not NULL, phrase pPhrase is
 ** appended to it and the results returned.
@@ -188481,6 +192615,7 @@
       }
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bPrefix = pOrig->aTerm[i].bPrefix;
+        sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bFirst = pOrig->aTerm[i].bFirst;
       }
     }
   }else{
@@ -188499,7 +192634,10 @@
     pNew->pRoot->pNear->nPhrase = 1;
     sCtx.pPhrase->pNode = pNew->pRoot;
 
-    if( pOrig->nTerm==1 && pOrig->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0 ){
+    if( pOrig->nTerm==1 
+     && pOrig->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0 
+     && pOrig->aTerm[0].bFirst==0 
+    ){
       pNew->pRoot->eType = FTS5_TERM;
       pNew->pRoot->xNext = fts5ExprNodeNext_TERM;
     }else{
@@ -188773,6 +192911,7 @@
       Fts5ExprNearset *pNear = pNode->pNear;
       if( pNear->nPhrase==1 && pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm==1 
        && pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0
+       && pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].bFirst==0
       ){
         pNode->eType = FTS5_TERM;
         pNode->xNext = fts5ExprNodeNext_TERM;
@@ -188859,20 +192998,23 @@
           }
         }
 
-        if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL 
-         && (pNear->nPhrase!=1 || pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1)
-        ){
-          assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-          pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-          assert( pParse->zErr==0 );
-          pParse->zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "fts5: %s queries are not supported (detail!=full)", 
-              pNear->nPhrase==1 ? "phrase": "NEAR"
-          );
-          sqlite3_free(pRet);
-          pRet = 0;
+        if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[0];
+          if( pNear->nPhrase!=1 
+           || pPhrase->nTerm>1
+           || (pPhrase->nTerm>0 && pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst)
+          ){
+            assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+            pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+            assert( pParse->zErr==0 );
+            pParse->zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
+                "fts5: %s queries are not supported (detail!=full)", 
+                pNear->nPhrase==1 ? "phrase": "NEAR"
+                );
+            sqlite3_free(pRet);
+            pRet = 0;
+          }
         }
-
       }else{
         fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pLeft);
         fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pRight);
@@ -189750,10 +193892,11 @@
 
   for(i=0; i<pHash->nSlot; i++){
     while( apOld[i] ){
-      int iHash;
+      unsigned int iHash;
       Fts5HashEntry *p = apOld[i];
       apOld[i] = p->pHashNext;
-      iHash = fts5HashKey(nNew, (u8*)fts5EntryKey(p), strlen(fts5EntryKey(p)));
+      iHash = fts5HashKey(nNew, (u8*)fts5EntryKey(p),
+                          (int)strlen(fts5EntryKey(p)));
       p->pHashNext = apNew[iHash];
       apNew[iHash] = p;
     }
@@ -190056,7 +194199,7 @@
   int *pnDoclist                  /* OUT: Size of doclist in bytes */
 ){
   unsigned int iHash = fts5HashKey(pHash->nSlot, (const u8*)pTerm, nTerm);
-  char *zKey;
+  char *zKey = 0;
   Fts5HashEntry *p;
 
   for(p=pHash->aSlot[iHash]; p; p=p->pHashNext){
@@ -190844,7 +194987,8 @@
 ){
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( zSql ){
-      p->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->pConfig->db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+      p->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
+                                 SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, ppStmt, 0);
     }else{
       p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -190893,7 +195037,8 @@
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, &p->pDeleter, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
+                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->pDeleter, 0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -195023,7 +199168,13 @@
     Fts5Buffer out = {0, 0, 0};
     Fts5Buffer tmp = {0, 0, 0};
 
-    if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &out, p1->n + p2->n) ) return;
+    /* The maximum size of the output is equal to the sum of the two 
+    ** input sizes + 1 varint (9 bytes). The extra varint is because if the
+    ** first rowid in one input is a large negative number, and the first in
+    ** the other a non-negative number, the delta for the non-negative
+    ** number will be larger on disk than the literal integer value
+    ** was.  */
+    if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &out, p1->n + p2->n + 9) ) return;
     fts5DoclistIterInit(p1, &i1);
     fts5DoclistIterInit(p2, &i2);
 
@@ -195117,6 +199268,7 @@
       fts5MergeAppendDocid(&out, iLastRowid, i2.iRowid);
       fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&out, i2.aPoslist, i2.aEof - i2.aPoslist);
     }
+    assert( out.n<=(p1->n+p2->n+9) );
 
     fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, p1, out.n, out.p);
     fts5BufferFree(&tmp);
@@ -197492,7 +201644,8 @@
   if( zSql==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM; 
   }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, &pRet, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, 
+                            SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pRet, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       *pConfig->pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pConfig->db));
     }
@@ -197628,7 +201781,8 @@
     char *zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc, "SELECT %s", zRankArgs);
     if( zSql ){
       sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
+                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pStmt, 0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pCsr->pRankArgStmt==0 );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -199216,15 +203370,14 @@
 static void fts5Fts5Func(
   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Function call context */
   int nArg,                       /* Number of args */
-  sqlite3_value **apUnused        /* Function arguments */
+  sqlite3_value **apArg           /* Function arguments */
 ){
   Fts5Global *pGlobal = (Fts5Global*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
-  char buf[8];
-  UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
-  assert( nArg==0 );
-  assert( sizeof(buf)>=sizeof(pGlobal) );
-  memcpy(buf, (void*)&pGlobal, sizeof(pGlobal));
-  sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, buf, sizeof(pGlobal), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  fts5_api **ppApi;
+  UNUSED_PARAM(nArg);
+  assert( nArg==1 );
+  ppApi = (fts5_api**)sqlite3_value_pointer(apArg[0], "fts5_api_ptr");
+  if( ppApi ) *ppApi = &pGlobal->api;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -199237,7 +203390,7 @@
 ){
   assert( nArg==0 );
   UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
-  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2018-12-19 17:05:48 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 
 static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -199289,7 +203442,7 @@
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(pGlobal, db);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = sqlite3_create_function(
-          db, "fts5", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, p, fts5Fts5Func, 0, 0
+          db, "fts5", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, p, fts5Fts5Func, 0, 0
       );
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -199491,7 +203644,8 @@
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pC->db, zSql, -1, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pC->db, zSql, -1,
+                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
         *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pC->db));
@@ -202464,6 +206618,11 @@
 **   the number of fts5 rows that contain at least one instance of term
 **   $term. Field $cnt is set to the total number of instances of term 
 **   $term in the database.
+**
+** instance:
+**     CREATE TABLE vocab(term, doc, col, offset, PRIMARY KEY(<all-fields>));
+**
+**   One row for each term instance in the database. 
 */
 
 
@@ -202479,7 +206638,7 @@
   char *zFts5Db;                  /* Db containing fts5 table */
   sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database handle */
   Fts5Global *pGlobal;            /* FTS5 global object for this database */
-  int eType;                      /* FTS5_VOCAB_COL or ROW */
+  int eType;                      /* FTS5_VOCAB_COL, ROW or INSTANCE */
 };
 
 struct Fts5VocabCursor {
@@ -202499,16 +206658,22 @@
   i64 *aCnt;
   i64 *aDoc;
 
-  /* Output values used by 'row' and 'col' tables */
+  /* Output values used by all tables. */
   i64 rowid;                      /* This table's current rowid value */
   Fts5Buffer term;                /* Current value of 'term' column */
+
+  /* Output values Used by 'instance' tables only */
+  i64 iInstPos;
+  int iInstOff;
 };
 
-#define FTS5_VOCAB_COL    0
-#define FTS5_VOCAB_ROW    1
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_COL      0
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_ROW      1
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE 2
 
 #define FTS5_VOCAB_COL_SCHEMA  "term, col, doc, cnt"
 #define FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  "term, doc, cnt"
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_INST_SCHEMA "term, doc, col, offset"
 
 /*
 ** Bits for the mask used as the idxNum value by xBestIndex/xFilter.
@@ -202536,6 +206701,9 @@
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(zCopy, "row")==0 ){
       *peType = FTS5_VOCAB_ROW;
     }else
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zCopy, "instance")==0 ){
+      *peType = FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE;
+    }else
     {
       *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("fts5vocab: unknown table type: %Q", zCopy);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -202596,7 +206764,8 @@
 ){
   const char *azSchema[] = { 
     "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_COL_SCHEMA  ")", 
-    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  ")"
+    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  ")",
+    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_INST_SCHEMA ")"
   };
 
   Fts5VocabTable *pRet = 0;
@@ -202670,6 +206839,15 @@
 
 /* 
 ** Implementation of the xBestIndex method.
+**
+** Only constraints of the form:
+**
+**     term <= ?
+**     term == ?
+**     term >= ?
+**
+** are interpreted. Less-than and less-than-or-equal are treated 
+** identically, as are greater-than and greater-than-or-equal.
 */
 static int fts5VocabBestIndexMethod(
   sqlite3_vtab *pUnused,
@@ -202813,6 +206991,54 @@
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+static int fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  
+  if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pCsr->pIter) ){
+    pCsr->bEof = 1;
+  }else{
+    const char *zTerm;
+    int nTerm;
+    zTerm = sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(pCsr->pIter, &nTerm);
+    if( pCsr->nLeTerm>=0 ){
+      int nCmp = MIN(nTerm, pCsr->nLeTerm);
+      int bCmp = memcmp(pCsr->zLeTerm, zTerm, nCmp);
+      if( bCmp<0 || (bCmp==0 && pCsr->nLeTerm<nTerm) ){
+        pCsr->bEof = 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&rc, &pCsr->term, nTerm, (const u8*)zTerm);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int fts5VocabInstanceNext(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
+  int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  Fts5IndexIter *pIter = pCsr->pIter;
+  i64 *pp = &pCsr->iInstPos;
+  int *po = &pCsr->iInstOff;
+  
+  while( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE
+      || sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pIter->pData, pIter->nData, po, pp) 
+  ){
+    pCsr->iInstPos = 0;
+    pCsr->iInstOff = 0;
+
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(pCsr->pIter);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(pCsr);
+      if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ) break;
+    }
+    if( rc ){
+      pCsr->bEof = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Advance the cursor to the next row in the table.
@@ -202825,13 +207051,17 @@
 
   pCsr->rowid++;
 
+  if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ){
+    return fts5VocabInstanceNext(pCsr);
+  }
+
   if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_COL ){
     for(pCsr->iCol++; pCsr->iCol<nCol; pCsr->iCol++){
       if( pCsr->aDoc[pCsr->iCol] ) break;
     }
   }
 
-  if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW || pCsr->iCol>=nCol ){
+  if( pTab->eType!=FTS5_VOCAB_COL || pCsr->iCol>=nCol ){
     if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pCsr->pIter) ){
       pCsr->bEof = 1;
     }else{
@@ -202855,22 +207085,26 @@
 
       assert( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_COL || pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW );
       while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
         const u8 *pPos; int nPos;   /* Position list */
         i64 iPos = 0;               /* 64-bit position read from poslist */
         int iOff = 0;               /* Current offset within position list */
 
         pPos = pCsr->pIter->pData;
         nPos = pCsr->pIter->nData;
-        switch( pCsr->pConfig->eDetail ){
-          case FTS5_DETAIL_FULL:
-            pPos = pCsr->pIter->pData;
-            nPos = pCsr->pIter->nData;
-            if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW ){
+
+        switch( pTab->eType ){
+          case FTS5_VOCAB_ROW:
+            if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff, &iPos) ){
                 pCsr->aCnt[0]++;
               }
-              pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
-            }else{
+            }
+            pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
+            break;
+
+          case FTS5_VOCAB_COL:
+            if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
               int iCol = -1;
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff, &iPos) ){
                 int ii = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(iPos);
@@ -202884,13 +207118,7 @@
                   iCol = ii;
                 }
               }
-            }
-            break;
-
-          case FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS:
-            if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW ){
-              pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
-            }else{
+            }else if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff,&iPos) ){
                 assert_nc( iPos>=0 && iPos<nCol );
                 if( iPos>=nCol ){
@@ -202899,18 +207127,21 @@
                 }
                 pCsr->aDoc[iPos]++;
               }
+            }else{
+              assert( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE );
+              pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
             }
             break;
 
-          default: 
-            assert( pCsr->pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE );
-            pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
+          default:
+            assert( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE );
             break;
         }
 
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(pCsr->pIter);
         }
+        if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ) break;
 
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           zTerm = sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(pCsr->pIter, &nTerm);
@@ -202940,7 +207171,9 @@
   int nUnused,                    /* Number of elements in apVal */
   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Arguments for the indexing scheme */
 ){
+  Fts5VocabTable *pTab = (Fts5VocabTable*)pCursor->pVtab;
   Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr = (Fts5VocabCursor*)pCursor;
+  int eType = pTab->eType;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   int iVal = 0;
@@ -202980,11 +207213,16 @@
     }
   }
 
-
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(pCsr->pIndex, zTerm, nTerm, f, 0, &pCsr->pIter);
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ){
+    rc = fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(pCsr);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
+   && !pCsr->bEof 
+   && (eType!=FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE || pCsr->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE)
+  ){
     rc = fts5VocabNextMethod(pCursor);
   }
 
@@ -203026,13 +207264,41 @@
     }else{
       iVal = pCsr->aCnt[pCsr->iCol];
     }
-  }else{
+  }else if( eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW ){
     assert( iCol==1 || iCol==2 );
     if( iCol==1 ){
       iVal = pCsr->aDoc[0];
     }else{
       iVal = pCsr->aCnt[0];
     }
+  }else{
+    assert( eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE );
+    switch( iCol ){
+      case 1:
+        sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, pCsr->pIter->iRowid);
+        break;
+      case 2: {
+        int ii = -1;
+        if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          ii = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(pCsr->iInstPos);
+        }else if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
+          ii = (int)pCsr->iInstPos;
+        }
+        if( ii>=0 && ii<pCsr->pConfig->nCol ){
+          const char *z = pCsr->pConfig->azCol[ii];
+          sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        assert( iCol==3 );
+        if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          int ii = FTS5_POS2OFFSET(pCsr->iInstPos);
+          sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, ii);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   if( iVal>0 ) sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, iVal);
@@ -203091,3 +207357,311 @@
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5) */
 
 /************** End of fts5.c ************************************************/
+/************** Begin file stmt.c ********************************************/
+/*
+** 2017-05-31
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file demonstrates an eponymous virtual table that returns information
+** about all prepared statements for the database connection.
+**
+** Usage example:
+**
+**     .load ./stmt
+**     .mode line
+**     .header on
+**     SELECT * FROM stmt;
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB)
+#if !defined(SQLITEINT_H)
+/* #include "sqlite3ext.h" */
+#endif
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+/* #include <assert.h> */
+/* #include <string.h> */
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+/* stmt_vtab is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a stmt virtual table
+*/
+typedef struct stmt_vtab stmt_vtab;
+struct stmt_vtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;        /* Database connection for this stmt vtab */
+};
+
+/* stmt_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
+** over rows of the result
+*/
+typedef struct stmt_cursor stmt_cursor;
+struct stmt_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection for this cursor */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;       /* Statement cursor is currently pointing at */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
+};
+
+/*
+** The stmtConnect() method is invoked to create a new
+** stmt_vtab that describes the stmt virtual table.
+**
+** Think of this routine as the constructor for stmt_vtab objects.
+**
+** All this routine needs to do is:
+**
+**    (1) Allocate the stmt_vtab object and initialize all fields.
+**
+**    (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
+**        result set of queries against stmt will look like.
+*/
+static int stmtConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  stmt_vtab *pNew;
+  int rc;
+
+/* Column numbers */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_SQL     0   /* SQL for the statement */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NCOL    1   /* Number of result columns */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_RO      2   /* True if read-only */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_BUSY    3   /* True if currently busy */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN   4   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NSORT   5   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NAIDX   6   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NSTEP   7   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_REPREP  8   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_RUN     9   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_MEM    10   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED */
+
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
+     "CREATE TABLE x(sql,ncol,ro,busy,nscan,nsort,naidx,nstep,"
+                    "reprep,run,mem)");
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+    pNew->db = db;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for stmt_cursor objects.
+*/
+static int stmtDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new stmt_cursor object.
+*/
+static int stmtOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->db = ((stmt_vtab*)p)->db;
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for a stmt_cursor.
+*/
+static int stmtClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  sqlite3_free(cur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance a stmt_cursor to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int stmtNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  pCur->iRowid++;
+  pCur->pStmt = sqlite3_next_stmt(pCur->db, pCur->pStmt);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the stmt_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int stmtColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case STMT_COLUMN_SQL: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, sqlite3_sql(pCur->pStmt), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NCOL: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_column_count(pCur->pStmt));
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_RO: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_readonly(pCur->pStmt));
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_BUSY: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_busy(pCur->pStmt));
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_MEM: {
+      i = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED + 
+            STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN - SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
+      /* Fall thru */
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NSORT:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NAIDX:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NSTEP:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_REPREP:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_RUN: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_status(pCur->pStmt,
+                      i-STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN+SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP, 0));
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
+** rowid is the same as the output value.
+*/
+static int stmtRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int stmtEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  return pCur->pStmt==0;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is called to "rewind" the stmt_cursor object back
+** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
+** once prior to any call to stmtColumn() or stmtRowid() or 
+** stmtEof().
+*/
+static int stmtFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  pCur->pStmt = 0;
+  pCur->iRowid = 0;
+  return stmtNext(pVtabCursor);
+}
+
+/*
+** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
+** that uses the stmt virtual table.  This routine needs to create
+** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
+** plan.
+*/
+static int stmtBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)500;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 500;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
+** stmt virtual table.
+*/
+static sqlite3_module stmtModule = {
+  0,                         /* iVersion */
+  0,                         /* xCreate */
+  stmtConnect,               /* xConnect */
+  stmtBestIndex,             /* xBestIndex */
+  stmtDisconnect,            /* xDisconnect */
+  0,                         /* xDestroy */
+  stmtOpen,                  /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+  stmtClose,                 /* xClose - close a cursor */
+  stmtFilter,                /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+  stmtNext,                  /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+  stmtEof,                   /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+  stmtColumn,                /* xColumn - read data */
+  stmtRowid,                 /* xRowid - read data */
+  0,                         /* xUpdate */
+  0,                         /* xBegin */
+  0,                         /* xSync */
+  0,                         /* xCommit */
+  0,                         /* xRollback */
+  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
+  0,                         /* xRename */
+  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+  0,                         /* xRelease */
+  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
+};
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "sqlite_stmt", &stmtModule, 0);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
+#ifdef _WIN32
+__declspec(dllexport)
+#endif
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3StmtVtabInit(db);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_CORE */
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB) */
+
+/************** End of stmt.c ************************************************/
+#if __LINE__!=207661
+#undef SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2alt2"
+#endif
+/* Return the source-id for this library */
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
+/************************** End of sqlite3.c ******************************/
diff --git a/dist/orig/sqlite3.h b/dist/orig/sqlite3.h
index aa32bab..57669e1 100644
--- a/dist/orig/sqlite3.h
+++ b/dist/orig/sqlite3.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** 2001 September 15
+** 2001-09-15
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -115,15 +115,17 @@
 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
-** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.
+** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
+** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
+** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.19.4"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3019004
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 17:05:48 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.22.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3022000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
+** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
 **
@@ -149,9 +151,11 @@
 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
+** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
+** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
+** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
+#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
+#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
@@ -466,6 +470,8 @@
 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
 */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
@@ -509,6 +515,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
@@ -1127,12 +1135,18 @@
 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
 **
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
+** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
+** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
+** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
+** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
+** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
+** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
+** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
+** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
+** Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
+** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
+** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
@@ -1660,6 +1674,16 @@
 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
+** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
+** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
+** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
+** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
+** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
+** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
+** </dd>
+**
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
@@ -1677,25 +1701,7 @@
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
-** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
-** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
-** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
-** times the database page size.
-** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
-** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
-** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
-** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
-** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
-** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
+** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
@@ -1731,8 +1737,7 @@
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
-** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
@@ -1925,7 +1930,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
@@ -1946,6 +1951,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2053,7 +2059,26 @@
 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 ** </dd>
-**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
+** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
+** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
+** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
+** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
+** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
+** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
+** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
+** was used during testing in the lab.
+** </dd>
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
+** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not 
+** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
+** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
+** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
+** non-zero to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written 
+** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if 
+** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.  
+** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
@@ -2063,7 +2088,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
-
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
@@ -2726,7 +2753,8 @@
 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
@@ -2923,8 +2951,8 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
 **
 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
-** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
-** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
+** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
+** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
 ** is one of the following constants.
 **
@@ -3133,10 +3161,10 @@
 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
-** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
+** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
-** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
+** URI filename interpretation is turned off
 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
 ** information.
@@ -3515,6 +3543,29 @@
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
+**
+** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
+** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
+**
+** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
+** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
+** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will 
+** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
+** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
+** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
+** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
+** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
@@ -3522,17 +3573,29 @@
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
+** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
+** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
+** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
+**
+** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
+** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
+** for special purposes.
+**
+** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
+** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
+** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
+** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
 **
 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
 **
 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
+** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
 **
 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
@@ -3559,10 +3622,11 @@
 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 **
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
+** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
+** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
+** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
+** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 ** behave differently in three ways:
@@ -3595,6 +3659,12 @@
 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
 ** </li>
+**
+** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
+** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
+** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
+** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
+** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
 ** </ol>
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
@@ -3611,6 +3681,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
@@ -3625,6 +3703,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
@@ -3632,7 +3718,8 @@
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
-** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
@@ -3751,8 +3838,9 @@
 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
+** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 */
@@ -3858,6 +3946,15 @@
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
+** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
+** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
+** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
+** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
+** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
+** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
+** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
@@ -3891,6 +3988,7 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
 
@@ -3934,8 +4032,8 @@
 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -3952,7 +4050,8 @@
 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -4106,16 +4205,18 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
 **
 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
+** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
+** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 ** interface will continue to be supported.
 **
 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
@@ -4176,10 +4277,11 @@
 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
+** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
+** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
@@ -4241,6 +4343,28 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an 
+** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the result
+** </table></blockquote>
+**
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
@@ -4262,16 +4386,29 @@
 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 **
+** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
+** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
+** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
+** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
+** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
+** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
+** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
+** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
+** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.  
+** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
+** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
 ** following a type conversion.
 **
+** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
+** of that BLOB or string.
+**
 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
@@ -4308,9 +4445,13 @@
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
+** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
+** is normally only useful within the implementation of 
+** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
+** top-level application code.
 **
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
+** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
+** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
 ** that are applied:
@@ -4382,7 +4523,7 @@
 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 ** [sqlite3_free()].
 **
@@ -4393,15 +4534,15 @@
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
@@ -4635,21 +4776,43 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 **
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.  
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
+** the native byteorder
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
+** against a virtual table.
+** </table></blockquote>
 **
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
+** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
+** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
+** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
+** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
+** is not threadsafe.
 **
 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
@@ -4660,6 +4823,24 @@
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
+** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized 
+** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
+** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
+** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
+** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() 
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
+** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
+** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
+** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
+** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
+** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
+** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
+** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
+** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
+**
 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
@@ -4668,6 +4849,19 @@
 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
 **
+** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
+** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
+** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
+** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
+** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
+** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
+** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
+** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
+** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
+** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
+**
 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
@@ -4678,18 +4872,19 @@
 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
@@ -4700,10 +4895,6 @@
 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
-**
-** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
-** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
-** input of another.
 */
 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 
@@ -4973,7 +5164,7 @@
 ** when it has finished using that result.
 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
+** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
@@ -4986,6 +5177,17 @@
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
+** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
+** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that 
+** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
+** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
+** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
+** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
+** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
+** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
@@ -5002,7 +5204,6 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
@@ -5010,6 +5211,7 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 
@@ -5669,7 +5871,9 @@
 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
-** does not.
+** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
+** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
+** undefined behavior.
 **
 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
@@ -6079,15 +6283,20 @@
 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
 */
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
@@ -6778,9 +6987,9 @@
 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
-** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
-** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
+** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 **
@@ -6792,7 +7001,7 @@
 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 ** xFileControl method.
 **
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
+** See also: [file control opcodes]
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
 
@@ -6839,7 +7048,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
@@ -6849,7 +7058,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
@@ -6898,8 +7108,7 @@
 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
@@ -6937,29 +7146,14 @@
 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
@@ -6972,12 +7166,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 
 /*
@@ -7182,6 +7376,24 @@
 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
+** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to 
+** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
+** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
+** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
+** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
+** cycle.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
+** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
+** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
+** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -7189,6 +7401,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
@@ -8099,6 +8314,40 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
+**
+** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
+** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
+** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
+** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
+** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
+** understands as a "no-change" value.
+**
+** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
+** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
+** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
+** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
+** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
+** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
+**
+** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
+** method of a [virtual table]. 
+**
+** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
+** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
+** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
+** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer 
+** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
+** constraint.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
 **
@@ -8825,6 +9074,35 @@
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
+**
+** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
+**
+** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to 
+** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)  
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are 
+** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes 
+** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
+** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
+** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
+** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
+** concat() and similar.
+**
+** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the 
+** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
+** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
+** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset 
+** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
+** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
+** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
+**
+** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
+** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
+** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
+** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
@@ -9053,8 +9331,8 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
-  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
-  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
+  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
+  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
 );
 
 /*
@@ -9821,12 +10099,12 @@
 **
 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
 ** </table>
 **
 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
diff --git a/dist/orig/sqlite3ext.h b/dist/orig/sqlite3ext.h
index f25084a..ac92a74 100644
--- a/dist/orig/sqlite3ext.h
+++ b/dist/orig/sqlite3ext.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
   int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,
                          const char*,const char*),void*);
   void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
-  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
+  char * (*xsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
   int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                                 char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
   int (*uri_boolean)(const char*,const char*,int);
   sqlite3_int64 (*uri_int64)(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64);
   const char *(*uri_parameter)(const char*,const char*);
-  char *(*vsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
+  char *(*xvsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
   int (*wal_checkpoint_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int*,int*);
   /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
   int (*auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
@@ -284,6 +284,17 @@
   char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
   void (*set_last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
+  /* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+  int (*prepare_v3)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,unsigned int,
+                    sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
+  int (*prepare16_v3)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,unsigned int,
+                      sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
+  int (*bind_pointer)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void (*result_pointer)(sqlite3_context*,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void *(*value_pointer)(sqlite3_value*,const char*);
+  int (*vtab_nochange)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*value_nochange)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const char *(*vtab_collation)(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -410,7 +421,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
 #define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
 #define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
+#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->xsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
 #define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
 #define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
@@ -434,7 +445,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
 #define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
 #define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
-#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
 #define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
 #define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
@@ -510,7 +521,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_uri_boolean            sqlite3_api->uri_boolean
 #define sqlite3_uri_int64              sqlite3_api->uri_int64
 #define sqlite3_uri_parameter          sqlite3_api->uri_parameter
-#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2      sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint_v2
 /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
 #define sqlite3_auto_extension         sqlite3_api->auto_extension
@@ -544,6 +555,16 @@
 #define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql
 /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid  sqlite3_api->set_last_insert_rowid
+/* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_prepare_v3             sqlite3_api->prepare_v3
+#define sqlite3_prepare16_v3           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v3
+#define sqlite3_bind_pointer           sqlite3_api->bind_pointer
+#define sqlite3_result_pointer         sqlite3_api->result_pointer
+#define sqlite3_value_pointer          sqlite3_api->value_pointer
+/* Version 3.22.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_vtab_nochange          sqlite3_api->vtab_nochange
+#define sqlite3_value_nochange         sqltie3_api->value_nochange
+#define sqlite3_vtab_collation         sqltie3_api->vtab_collation
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
diff --git a/dist/shell.c b/dist/shell.c
index fe78506..735aaff 100644
--- a/dist/shell.c
+++ b/dist/shell.c
@@ -1,3 +1,21 @@
+/* DO NOT EDIT!
+** This file is automatically generated by the script in the canonical
+** SQLite source tree at tool/mkshellc.tcl.  That script combines source
+** code from various constituent source files of SQLite into this single
+** "shell.c" file used to implement the SQLite command-line shell.
+**
+** Most of the code found below comes from the "src/shell.c.in" file in
+** the canonical SQLite source tree.  That main file contains "INCLUDE"
+** lines that specify other files in the canonical source tree that are
+** inserted to getnerate this complete program source file.
+**
+** The code from multiple files is combined into this single "shell.c"
+** source file to help make the command-line program easier to compile.
+**
+** To modify this program, get a copy of the canonical SQLite source tree,
+** edit the src/shell.c.in" and/or some of the other files that are included
+** by "src/shell.c.in", then rerun the tool/mkshellc.tcl script.
+*/
 /*
 ** 2001 September 15
 **
@@ -18,11 +36,25 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
-** If requested, include the SQLite compiler options file for MSVC.
+** Warning pragmas copied from msvc.h in the core.
 */
-#if defined(INCLUDE_MSVC_H)
-#include "msvc.h"
-#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4054)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4055)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4100)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4130)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4152)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4189)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4206)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4210)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4232)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4244)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4305)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4306)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4702)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4706)
+#endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) */
 
 /*
 ** No support for loadable extensions in VxWorks.
@@ -47,6 +79,9 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include "sqlite3.h"
+typedef sqlite3_int64 i64;
+typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
+typedef unsigned char u8;
 #if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
 # include "sqlite3userauth.h"
 #endif
@@ -64,9 +99,19 @@
 # if !defined(__RTP__) && !defined(_WRS_KERNEL)
 #  include <pwd.h>
 # endif
-# include <unistd.h>
-# include <sys/types.h>
 #endif
+#if (!defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)) || defined(__MINGW32__)
+# include <unistd.h>
+# include <dirent.h>
+# if defined(__MINGW32__)
+#  define DIRENT dirent
+#  ifndef S_ISLNK
+#   define S_ISLNK(mode) (0)
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #if HAVE_READLINE
 # include <readline/readline.h>
@@ -332,6 +377,11 @@
 #define UNUSED_PARAMETER(x) (void)(x)
 
 /*
+** Number of elements in an array
+*/
+#define ArraySize(X)  (int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
+
+/*
 ** If the following flag is set, then command execution stops
 ** at an error if we are not interactive.
 */
@@ -502,6 +552,18 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the length of a string in characters.  Multibyte UTF8 characters
+** count as a single character.
+*/
+static int strlenChar(const char *z){
+  int n = 0;
+  while( *z ){
+    if( (0xc0&*(z++))!=0x80 ) n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+/*
 ** This routine reads a line of text from FILE in, stores
 ** the text in memory obtained from malloc() and returns a pointer
 ** to the text.  NULL is returned at end of file, or if malloc()
@@ -591,6 +653,65 @@
   }
   return zResult;
 }
+
+
+/*
+** Return the value of a hexadecimal digit.  Return -1 if the input
+** is not a hex digit.
+*/
+static int hexDigitValue(char c){
+  if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) return c - '0';
+  if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) return c - 'a' + 10;
+  if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) return c - 'A' + 10;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Interpret zArg as an integer value, possibly with suffixes.
+*/
+static sqlite3_int64 integerValue(const char *zArg){
+  sqlite3_int64 v = 0;
+  static const struct { char *zSuffix; int iMult; } aMult[] = {
+    { "KiB", 1024 },
+    { "MiB", 1024*1024 },
+    { "GiB", 1024*1024*1024 },
+    { "KB",  1000 },
+    { "MB",  1000000 },
+    { "GB",  1000000000 },
+    { "K",   1000 },
+    { "M",   1000000 },
+    { "G",   1000000000 },
+  };
+  int i;
+  int isNeg = 0;
+  if( zArg[0]=='-' ){
+    isNeg = 1;
+    zArg++;
+  }else if( zArg[0]=='+' ){
+    zArg++;
+  }
+  if( zArg[0]=='0' && zArg[1]=='x' ){
+    int x;
+    zArg += 2;
+    while( (x = hexDigitValue(zArg[0]))>=0 ){
+      v = (v<<4) + x;
+      zArg++;
+    }
+  }else{
+    while( IsDigit(zArg[0]) ){
+      v = v*10 + zArg[0] - '0';
+      zArg++;
+    }
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aMult); i++){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(aMult[i].zSuffix, zArg)==0 ){
+      v *= aMult[i].iMult;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return isNeg? -v : v;
+}
+
 /*
 ** A variable length string to which one can append text.
 */
@@ -709,10 +830,548 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-/******************************************************************************
-** SHA3 hash implementation copied from ../ext/misc/shathree.c
+/*
+** Construct a fake object name and column list to describe the structure
+** of the view, virtual table, or table valued function zSchema.zName.
 */
-typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
+static char *shellFakeSchema(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* The database connection containing the vtab */
+  const char *zSchema,    /* Schema of the database holding the vtab */
+  const char *zName       /* The name of the virtual table */
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zSql;
+  ShellText s;
+  char cQuote;
+  char *zDiv = "(";
+  int nRow = 0;
+
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA \"%w\".table_info=%Q;",
+                         zSchema ? zSchema : "main", zName);
+  sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  initText(&s);
+  if( zSchema ){
+    cQuote = quoteChar(zSchema);
+    if( cQuote && sqlite3_stricmp(zSchema,"temp")==0 ) cQuote = 0;
+    appendText(&s, zSchema, cQuote);
+    appendText(&s, ".", 0);
+  }
+  cQuote = quoteChar(zName);
+  appendText(&s, zName, cQuote);
+  while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
+    nRow++;
+    appendText(&s, zDiv, 0);
+    zDiv = ",";
+    cQuote = quoteChar(zCol);
+    appendText(&s, zCol, cQuote);
+  }
+  appendText(&s, ")", 0);
+  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( nRow==0 ){
+    freeText(&s);
+    s.z = 0;
+  }
+  return s.z;
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:  shell_module_schema(X)
+**
+** Return a fake schema for the table-valued function or eponymous virtual
+** table X.
+*/
+static void shellModuleSchema(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal
+){
+  const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+  char *zFake = shellFakeSchema(sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx), 0, zName);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
+  if( zFake ){
+    sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, sqlite3_mprintf("/* %s */", zFake),
+                        -1, sqlite3_free);
+    free(zFake);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:  shell_add_schema(S,X)
+**
+** Add the schema name X to the CREATE statement in S and return the result.
+** Examples:
+**
+**    CREATE TABLE t1(x)   ->   CREATE TABLE xyz.t1(x);
+**
+** Also works on
+**
+**    CREATE INDEX
+**    CREATE UNIQUE INDEX
+**    CREATE VIEW
+**    CREATE TRIGGER
+**    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE
+**
+** This UDF is used by the .schema command to insert the schema name of
+** attached databases into the middle of the sqlite_master.sql field.
+*/
+static void shellAddSchemaName(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal
+){
+  static const char *aPrefix[] = {
+     "TABLE",
+     "INDEX",
+     "UNIQUE INDEX",
+     "VIEW",
+     "TRIGGER",
+     "VIRTUAL TABLE"
+  };
+  int i = 0;
+  const char *zIn = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+  const char *zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
+  const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
+  sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(nVal);
+  if( zIn!=0 && strncmp(zIn, "CREATE ", 7)==0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<(int)(sizeof(aPrefix)/sizeof(aPrefix[0])); i++){
+      int n = strlen30(aPrefix[i]);
+      if( strncmp(zIn+7, aPrefix[i], n)==0 && zIn[n+7]==' ' ){
+        char *z = 0;
+        char *zFake = 0;
+        if( zSchema ){
+          char cQuote = quoteChar(zSchema);
+          if( cQuote && sqlite3_stricmp(zSchema,"temp")!=0 ){
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s \"%w\".%s", n+7, zIn, zSchema, zIn+n+8);
+          }else{
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s %s.%s", n+7, zIn, zSchema, zIn+n+8);
+          }
+        }
+        if( zName
+         && aPrefix[i][0]=='V'
+         && (zFake = shellFakeSchema(db, zSchema, zName))!=0
+        ){
+          if( z==0 ){
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s\n/* %s */", zIn, zFake);
+          }else{
+            z = sqlite3_mprintf("%z\n/* %s */", z, zFake);
+          }
+          free(zFake);
+        }
+        if( z ){
+          sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, z, -1, sqlite3_free);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, apVal[0]);
+}
+
+/*
+** The source code for several run-time loadable extensions is inserted
+** below by the ../tool/mkshellc.tcl script.  Before processing that included
+** code, we need to override some macros to make the included program code
+** work here in the middle of this regular program.
+*/
+#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#define SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(X) (void)(X)
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+/************************* Begin test_windirent.h ******************/
+/*
+** 2015 November 30
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains declarations for most of the opendir() family of
+** POSIX functions on Win32 using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H)
+#define SQLITE_WINDIRENT_H
+
+/*
+** We need several data types from the Windows SDK header.
+*/
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include "windows.h"
+
+/*
+** We need several support functions from the SQLite core.
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** We need several things from the ANSI and MSVCRT headers.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <io.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+/*
+** We may need several defines that should have been in "sys/stat.h".
+*/
+
+#ifndef S_ISREG
+#define S_ISREG(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef S_ISDIR
+#define S_ISDIR(mode) (((mode) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef S_ISLNK
+#define S_ISLNK(mode) (0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We may need to provide the "mode_t" type.
+*/
+
+#ifndef MODE_T_DEFINED
+  #define MODE_T_DEFINED
+  typedef unsigned short mode_t;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We may need to provide the "ino_t" type.
+*/
+
+#ifndef INO_T_DEFINED
+  #define INO_T_DEFINED
+  typedef unsigned short ino_t;
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We need to define "NAME_MAX" if it was not present in "limits.h".
+*/
+
+#ifndef NAME_MAX
+#  ifdef FILENAME_MAX
+#    define NAME_MAX (FILENAME_MAX)
+#  else
+#    define NAME_MAX (260)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We need to define "NULL_INTPTR_T" and "BAD_INTPTR_T".
+*/
+
+#ifndef NULL_INTPTR_T
+#  define NULL_INTPTR_T ((intptr_t)(0))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BAD_INTPTR_T
+#  define BAD_INTPTR_T ((intptr_t)(-1))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** We need to provide the necessary structures and related types.
+*/
+
+#ifndef DIRENT_DEFINED
+#define DIRENT_DEFINED
+typedef struct DIRENT DIRENT;
+typedef DIRENT *LPDIRENT;
+struct DIRENT {
+  ino_t d_ino;               /* Sequence number, do not use. */
+  unsigned d_attributes;     /* Win32 file attributes. */
+  char d_name[NAME_MAX + 1]; /* Name within the directory. */
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifndef DIR_DEFINED
+#define DIR_DEFINED
+typedef struct DIR DIR;
+typedef DIR *LPDIR;
+struct DIR {
+  intptr_t d_handle; /* Value returned by "_findfirst". */
+  DIRENT d_first;    /* DIRENT constructed based on "_findfirst". */
+  DIRENT d_next;     /* DIRENT constructed based on "_findnext". */
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Provide a macro, for use by the implementation, to determine if a
+** particular directory entry should be skipped over when searching for
+** the next directory entry that should be returned by the readdir() or
+** readdir_r() functions.
+*/
+
+#ifndef is_filtered
+#  define is_filtered(a) ((((a).attrib)&_A_HIDDEN) || (((a).attrib)&_A_SYSTEM))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Provide the function prototype for the POSIX compatiable getenv()
+** function.  This function is not thread-safe.
+*/
+
+extern const char *windirent_getenv(const char *name);
+
+/*
+** Finally, we can provide the function prototypes for the opendir(),
+** readdir(), readdir_r(), and closedir() POSIX functions.
+*/
+
+extern LPDIR opendir(const char *dirname);
+extern LPDIRENT readdir(LPDIR dirp);
+extern INT readdir_r(LPDIR dirp, LPDIRENT entry, LPDIRENT *result);
+extern INT closedir(LPDIR dirp);
+
+#endif /* defined(WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) */
+
+/************************* End test_windirent.h ********************/
+/************************* Begin test_windirent.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2015 November 30
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+** This file contains code to implement most of the opendir() family of
+** POSIX functions on Win32 using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+/* #include "test_windirent.h" */
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX getenv() function using the Win32 API.
+** This function is not thread-safe.
+*/
+const char *windirent_getenv(
+  const char *name
+){
+  static char value[32768]; /* Maximum length, per MSDN */
+  DWORD dwSize = sizeof(value) / sizeof(char); /* Size in chars */
+  DWORD dwRet; /* Value returned by GetEnvironmentVariableA() */
+
+  memset(value, 0, sizeof(value));
+  dwRet = GetEnvironmentVariableA(name, value, dwSize);
+  if( dwRet==0 || dwRet>dwSize ){
+    /*
+    ** The function call to GetEnvironmentVariableA() failed -OR-
+    ** the buffer is not large enough.  Either way, return NULL.
+    */
+    return 0;
+  }else{
+    /*
+    ** The function call to GetEnvironmentVariableA() succeeded
+    ** -AND- the buffer contains the entire value.
+    */
+    return value;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX opendir() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+LPDIR opendir(
+  const char *dirname
+){
+  struct _finddata_t data;
+  LPDIR dirp = (LPDIR)sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(DIR));
+  SIZE_T namesize = sizeof(data.name) / sizeof(data.name[0]);
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return NULL;
+  memset(dirp, 0, sizeof(DIR));
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this if Unix-style root paths are not used. */
+  if( sqlite3_stricmp(dirname, "/")==0 ){
+    dirname = windirent_getenv("SystemDrive");
+  }
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+  _snprintf(data.name, namesize, "%s\\*", dirname);
+  dirp->d_handle = _findfirst(data.name, &data);
+
+  if( dirp->d_handle==BAD_INTPTR_T ){
+    closedir(dirp);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+  if( is_filtered(data) ){
+next:
+
+    memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+    if( _findnext(dirp->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
+      closedir(dirp);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+    if( is_filtered(data) ) goto next;
+  }
+
+  dirp->d_first.d_attributes = data.attrib;
+  strncpy(dirp->d_first.d_name, data.name, NAME_MAX);
+  dirp->d_first.d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+  return dirp;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX readdir() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+LPDIRENT readdir(
+  LPDIR dirp
+){
+  struct _finddata_t data;
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return NULL;
+
+  if( dirp->d_first.d_ino==0 ){
+    dirp->d_first.d_ino++;
+    dirp->d_next.d_ino++;
+
+    return &dirp->d_first;
+  }
+
+next:
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+  if( _findnext(dirp->d_handle, &data)==-1 ) return NULL;
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+  if( is_filtered(data) ) goto next;
+
+  dirp->d_next.d_ino++;
+  dirp->d_next.d_attributes = data.attrib;
+  strncpy(dirp->d_next.d_name, data.name, NAME_MAX);
+  dirp->d_next.d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+  return &dirp->d_next;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX readdir_r() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+INT readdir_r(
+  LPDIR dirp,
+  LPDIRENT entry,
+  LPDIRENT *result
+){
+  struct _finddata_t data;
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return EBADF;
+
+  if( dirp->d_first.d_ino==0 ){
+    dirp->d_first.d_ino++;
+    dirp->d_next.d_ino++;
+
+    entry->d_ino = dirp->d_first.d_ino;
+    entry->d_attributes = dirp->d_first.d_attributes;
+    strncpy(entry->d_name, dirp->d_first.d_name, NAME_MAX);
+    entry->d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+    *result = entry;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+next:
+
+  memset(&data, 0, sizeof(struct _finddata_t));
+  if( _findnext(dirp->d_handle, &data)==-1 ){
+    *result = NULL;
+    return ENOENT;
+  }
+
+  /* TODO: Remove this block to allow hidden and/or system files. */
+  if( is_filtered(data) ) goto next;
+
+  entry->d_ino = (ino_t)-1; /* not available */
+  entry->d_attributes = data.attrib;
+  strncpy(entry->d_name, data.name, NAME_MAX);
+  entry->d_name[NAME_MAX] = '\0';
+
+  *result = entry;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the POSIX closedir() function using the MSVCRT.
+*/
+INT closedir(
+  LPDIR dirp
+){
+  INT result = 0;
+
+  if( dirp==NULL ) return EINVAL;
+
+  if( dirp->d_handle!=NULL_INTPTR_T && dirp->d_handle!=BAD_INTPTR_T ){
+    result = _findclose(dirp->d_handle);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(dirp);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif /* defined(WIN32) && defined(_MSC_VER) */
+
+/************************* End test_windirent.c ********************/
+#define dirent DIRENT
+#endif
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/shathree.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-03-08
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This SQLite extension implements a functions that compute SHA1 hashes.
+** Two SQL functions are implemented:
+**
+**     sha3(X,SIZE)
+**     sha3_query(Y,SIZE)
+**
+** The sha3(X) function computes the SHA3 hash of the input X, or NULL if
+** X is NULL.
+**
+** The sha3_query(Y) function evalutes all queries in the SQL statements of Y
+** and returns a hash of their results.
+**
+** The SIZE argument is optional.  If omitted, the SHA3-256 hash algorithm
+** is used.  If SIZE is included it must be one of the integers 224, 256,
+** 384, or 512, to determine SHA3 hash variant that is computed.
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+/* typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64; */
+
+/******************************************************************************
+** The Hash Engine
+*/
 /*
 ** Macros to determine whether the machine is big or little endian,
 ** and whether or not that determination is run-time or compile-time.
@@ -750,18 +1409,14 @@
   unsigned ixMask;       /* Insert next input into u.x[nLoaded^ixMask]. */
 };
 
-/* Allow the following routine to use the B0 variable, which is also
-** a macro in the termios.h header file */
-#undef B0
-
 /*
 ** A single step of the Keccak mixing function for a 1600-bit state
 */
 static void KeccakF1600Step(SHA3Context *p){
   int i;
-  u64 B0, B1, B2, B3, B4;
-  u64 C0, C1, C2, C3, C4;
-  u64 D0, D1, D2, D3, D4;
+  u64 b0, b1, b2, b3, b4;
+  u64 c0, c1, c2, c3, c4;
+  u64 d0, d1, d2, d3, d4;
   static const u64 RC[] = {
     0x0000000000000001ULL,  0x0000000000008082ULL,
     0x800000000000808aULL,  0x8000000080008000ULL,
@@ -776,301 +1431,301 @@
     0x8000000080008081ULL,  0x8000000000008080ULL,
     0x0000000080000001ULL,  0x8000000080008008ULL
   };
-# define A00 (p->u.s[0])
-# define A01 (p->u.s[1])
-# define A02 (p->u.s[2])
-# define A03 (p->u.s[3])
-# define A04 (p->u.s[4])
-# define A10 (p->u.s[5])
-# define A11 (p->u.s[6])
-# define A12 (p->u.s[7])
-# define A13 (p->u.s[8])
-# define A14 (p->u.s[9])
-# define A20 (p->u.s[10])
-# define A21 (p->u.s[11])
-# define A22 (p->u.s[12])
-# define A23 (p->u.s[13])
-# define A24 (p->u.s[14])
-# define A30 (p->u.s[15])
-# define A31 (p->u.s[16])
-# define A32 (p->u.s[17])
-# define A33 (p->u.s[18])
-# define A34 (p->u.s[19])
-# define A40 (p->u.s[20])
-# define A41 (p->u.s[21])
-# define A42 (p->u.s[22])
-# define A43 (p->u.s[23])
-# define A44 (p->u.s[24])
+# define a00 (p->u.s[0])
+# define a01 (p->u.s[1])
+# define a02 (p->u.s[2])
+# define a03 (p->u.s[3])
+# define a04 (p->u.s[4])
+# define a10 (p->u.s[5])
+# define a11 (p->u.s[6])
+# define a12 (p->u.s[7])
+# define a13 (p->u.s[8])
+# define a14 (p->u.s[9])
+# define a20 (p->u.s[10])
+# define a21 (p->u.s[11])
+# define a22 (p->u.s[12])
+# define a23 (p->u.s[13])
+# define a24 (p->u.s[14])
+# define a30 (p->u.s[15])
+# define a31 (p->u.s[16])
+# define a32 (p->u.s[17])
+# define a33 (p->u.s[18])
+# define a34 (p->u.s[19])
+# define a40 (p->u.s[20])
+# define a41 (p->u.s[21])
+# define a42 (p->u.s[22])
+# define a43 (p->u.s[23])
+# define a44 (p->u.s[24])
 # define ROL64(a,x) ((a<<x)|(a>>(64-x)))
 
   for(i=0; i<24; i+=4){
-    C0 = A00^A10^A20^A30^A40;
-    C1 = A01^A11^A21^A31^A41;
-    C2 = A02^A12^A22^A32^A42;
-    C3 = A03^A13^A23^A33^A43;
-    C4 = A04^A14^A24^A34^A44;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a10^a20^a30^a40;
+    c1 = a01^a11^a21^a31^a41;
+    c2 = a02^a12^a22^a32^a42;
+    c3 = a03^a13^a23^a33^a43;
+    c4 = a04^a14^a24^a34^a44;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A11^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A22^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A33^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A44^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i];
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a11^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a22^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a33^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a44^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i];
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A20^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A31^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A42^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A03^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a20^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a31^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a42^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a03^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A40^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A01^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A12^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A34^D4), 8);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a40^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a01^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a12^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a34^d4), 8);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A10^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A21^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A43^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A04^D4), 27);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a10^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a21^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a43^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a04^d4), 27);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A30^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A02^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A13^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A24^D4), 39);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a30^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a02^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a13^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a24^d4), 39);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    C0 = A00^A20^A40^A10^A30;
-    C1 = A11^A31^A01^A21^A41;
-    C2 = A22^A42^A12^A32^A02;
-    C3 = A33^A03^A23^A43^A13;
-    C4 = A44^A14^A34^A04^A24;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a20^a40^a10^a30;
+    c1 = a11^a31^a01^a21^a41;
+    c2 = a22^a42^a12^a32^a02;
+    c3 = a33^a03^a23^a43^a13;
+    c4 = a44^a14^a34^a04^a24;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A31^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A12^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A43^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A24^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i+1];
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a31^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a12^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a43^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a24^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i+1];
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A40^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A21^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A02^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A33^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a40^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a21^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a02^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a33^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A30^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A11^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A42^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A04^D4), 8);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a30^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a11^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a42^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a04^d4), 8);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A20^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A01^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A13^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A44^D4), 27);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a20^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a01^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a13^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a44^d4), 27);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A10^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A22^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A03^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A34^D4), 39);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a10^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a22^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a03^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a34^d4), 39);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    C0 = A00^A40^A30^A20^A10;
-    C1 = A31^A21^A11^A01^A41;
-    C2 = A12^A02^A42^A32^A22;
-    C3 = A43^A33^A23^A13^A03;
-    C4 = A24^A14^A04^A44^A34;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a40^a30^a20^a10;
+    c1 = a31^a21^a11^a01^a41;
+    c2 = a12^a02^a42^a32^a22;
+    c3 = a43^a33^a23^a13^a03;
+    c4 = a24^a14^a04^a44^a34;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A21^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A42^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A13^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A34^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i+2];
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a21^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a42^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a13^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a34^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i+2];
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A30^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A01^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A22^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A43^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a30^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a01^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a22^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a43^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A10^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A31^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A02^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A44^D4), 8);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a10^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a31^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a02^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a44^d4), 8);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A40^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A11^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A03^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A24^D4), 27);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a40^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a11^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a03^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a24^d4), 27);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A20^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A12^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A33^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A04^D4), 39);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a20^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a12^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a33^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a04^d4), 39);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    C0 = A00^A30^A10^A40^A20;
-    C1 = A21^A01^A31^A11^A41;
-    C2 = A42^A22^A02^A32^A12;
-    C3 = A13^A43^A23^A03^A33;
-    C4 = A34^A14^A44^A24^A04;
-    D0 = C4^ROL64(C1, 1);
-    D1 = C0^ROL64(C2, 1);
-    D2 = C1^ROL64(C3, 1);
-    D3 = C2^ROL64(C4, 1);
-    D4 = C3^ROL64(C0, 1);
+    c0 = a00^a30^a10^a40^a20;
+    c1 = a21^a01^a31^a11^a41;
+    c2 = a42^a22^a02^a32^a12;
+    c3 = a13^a43^a23^a03^a33;
+    c4 = a34^a14^a44^a24^a04;
+    d0 = c4^ROL64(c1, 1);
+    d1 = c0^ROL64(c2, 1);
+    d2 = c1^ROL64(c3, 1);
+    d3 = c2^ROL64(c4, 1);
+    d4 = c3^ROL64(c0, 1);
 
-    B0 = (A00^D0);
-    B1 = ROL64((A01^D1), 44);
-    B2 = ROL64((A02^D2), 43);
-    B3 = ROL64((A03^D3), 21);
-    B4 = ROL64((A04^D4), 14);
-    A00 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A00 ^= RC[i+3];
-    A01 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A02 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A03 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A04 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b0 = (a00^d0);
+    b1 = ROL64((a01^d1), 44);
+    b2 = ROL64((a02^d2), 43);
+    b3 = ROL64((a03^d3), 21);
+    b4 = ROL64((a04^d4), 14);
+    a00 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a00 ^= RC[i+3];
+    a01 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a02 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a03 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a04 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B2 = ROL64((A10^D0), 3);
-    B3 = ROL64((A11^D1), 45);
-    B4 = ROL64((A12^D2), 61);
-    B0 = ROL64((A13^D3), 28);
-    B1 = ROL64((A14^D4), 20);
-    A10 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A11 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A12 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A13 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A14 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b2 = ROL64((a10^d0), 3);
+    b3 = ROL64((a11^d1), 45);
+    b4 = ROL64((a12^d2), 61);
+    b0 = ROL64((a13^d3), 28);
+    b1 = ROL64((a14^d4), 20);
+    a10 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a11 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a12 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a13 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a14 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B4 = ROL64((A20^D0), 18);
-    B0 = ROL64((A21^D1), 1);
-    B1 = ROL64((A22^D2), 6);
-    B2 = ROL64((A23^D3), 25);
-    B3 = ROL64((A24^D4), 8);
-    A20 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A21 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A22 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A23 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A24 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b4 = ROL64((a20^d0), 18);
+    b0 = ROL64((a21^d1), 1);
+    b1 = ROL64((a22^d2), 6);
+    b2 = ROL64((a23^d3), 25);
+    b3 = ROL64((a24^d4), 8);
+    a20 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a21 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a22 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a23 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a24 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B1 = ROL64((A30^D0), 36);
-    B2 = ROL64((A31^D1), 10);
-    B3 = ROL64((A32^D2), 15);
-    B4 = ROL64((A33^D3), 56);
-    B0 = ROL64((A34^D4), 27);
-    A30 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A31 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A32 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A33 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A34 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b1 = ROL64((a30^d0), 36);
+    b2 = ROL64((a31^d1), 10);
+    b3 = ROL64((a32^d2), 15);
+    b4 = ROL64((a33^d3), 56);
+    b0 = ROL64((a34^d4), 27);
+    a30 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a31 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a32 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a33 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a34 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
 
-    B3 = ROL64((A40^D0), 41);
-    B4 = ROL64((A41^D1), 2);
-    B0 = ROL64((A42^D2), 62);
-    B1 = ROL64((A43^D3), 55);
-    B2 = ROL64((A44^D4), 39);
-    A40 =   B0 ^((~B1)&  B2 );
-    A41 =   B1 ^((~B2)&  B3 );
-    A42 =   B2 ^((~B3)&  B4 );
-    A43 =   B3 ^((~B4)&  B0 );
-    A44 =   B4 ^((~B0)&  B1 );
+    b3 = ROL64((a40^d0), 41);
+    b4 = ROL64((a41^d1), 2);
+    b0 = ROL64((a42^d2), 62);
+    b1 = ROL64((a43^d3), 55);
+    b2 = ROL64((a44^d4), 39);
+    a40 =   b0 ^((~b1)&  b2 );
+    a41 =   b1 ^((~b2)&  b3 );
+    a42 =   b2 ^((~b3)&  b4 );
+    a43 =   b3 ^((~b4)&  b0 );
+    a44 =   b4 ^((~b0)&  b1 );
   }
 }
 
@@ -1164,6 +1819,8 @@
   }
   return &p->u.x[p->nRate];
 }
+/* End of the hashing logic
+*****************************************************************************/
 
 /*
 ** Implementation of the sha3(X,SIZE) function.
@@ -1300,10 +1957,6 @@
     }
     nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
     z = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
-    if( z==0 ){
-      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-      continue;
-    }
     n = (int)strlen(z);
     hash_step_vformat(&cx,"S%d:",n);
     SHA3Update(&cx,(unsigned char*)z,n);
@@ -1366,8 +2019,5872 @@
   }
   sqlite3_result_blob(context, SHA3Final(&cx), iSize/8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
-/* End of SHA3 hashing logic copy/pasted from ../ext/misc/shathree.c
-********************************************************************************/
+
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_shathree_init(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  char **pzErrMsg,
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                               sha3Func, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sha3Func, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3_query", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sha3_query", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/shathree.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/fileio.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2014-06-13
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This SQLite extension implements SQL functions readfile() and
+** writefile(), and eponymous virtual type "fsdir".
+**
+** WRITEFILE(FILE, DATA [, MODE [, MTIME]]):
+**
+**   If neither of the optional arguments is present, then this UDF
+**   function writes blob DATA to file FILE. If successful, the number
+**   of bytes written is returned. If an error occurs, NULL is returned.
+**
+**   If the first option argument - MODE - is present, then it must
+**   be passed an integer value that corresponds to a POSIX mode
+**   value (file type + permissions, as returned in the stat.st_mode
+**   field by the stat() system call). Three types of files may
+**   be written/created:
+**
+**     regular files:  (mode & 0170000)==0100000
+**     symbolic links: (mode & 0170000)==0120000
+**     directories:    (mode & 0170000)==0040000
+**
+**   For a directory, the DATA is ignored. For a symbolic link, it is
+**   interpreted as text and used as the target of the link. For a
+**   regular file, it is interpreted as a blob and written into the
+**   named file. Regardless of the type of file, its permissions are
+**   set to (mode & 0777) before returning.
+**
+**   If the optional MTIME argument is present, then it is interpreted
+**   as an integer - the number of seconds since the unix epoch. The
+**   modification-time of the target file is set to this value before
+**   returning.
+**
+**   If three or more arguments are passed to this function and an
+**   error is encountered, an exception is raised.
+**
+** READFILE(FILE):
+**
+**   Read and return the contents of file FILE (type blob) from disk.
+**
+** FSDIR:
+**
+**   Used as follows:
+**
+**     SELECT * FROM fsdir($path [, $dir]);
+**
+**   Parameter $path is an absolute or relative pathname. If the file that it
+**   refers to does not exist, it is an error. If the path refers to a regular
+**   file or symbolic link, it returns a single row. Or, if the path refers
+**   to a directory, it returns one row for the directory, and one row for each
+**   file within the hierarchy rooted at $path.
+**
+**   Each row has the following columns:
+**
+**     name:  Path to file or directory (text value).
+**     mode:  Value of stat.st_mode for directory entry (an integer).
+**     mtime: Value of stat.st_mtime for directory entry (an integer).
+**     data:  For a regular file, a blob containing the file data. For a
+**            symlink, a text value containing the text of the link. For a
+**            directory, NULL.
+**
+**   If a non-NULL value is specified for the optional $dir parameter and
+**   $path is a relative path, then $path is interpreted relative to $dir. 
+**   And the paths returned in the "name" column of the table are also 
+**   relative to directory $dir.
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <dirent.h>
+#  include <utime.h>
+#  include <sys/time.h>
+#else
+#  include "windows.h"
+#  include <io.h>
+#  include <direct.h>
+/* #  include "test_windirent.h" */
+#  define dirent DIRENT
+#  ifndef stat
+#    define stat _stat
+#  endif
+#  define mkdir(path,mode) _mkdir(path)
+#  define lstat(path,buf) stat(path,buf)
+#endif
+#include <time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+
+#define FSDIR_SCHEMA "(name,mode,mtime,data,path HIDDEN,dir HIDDEN)"
+
+/*
+** Set the result stored by context ctx to a blob containing the 
+** contents of file zName.
+*/
+static void readFileContents(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zName){
+  FILE *in;
+  long nIn;
+  void *pBuf;
+
+  in = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  if( in==0 ) return;
+  fseek(in, 0, SEEK_END);
+  nIn = ftell(in);
+  rewind(in);
+  pBuf = sqlite3_malloc( nIn );
+  if( pBuf && 1==fread(pBuf, nIn, 1, in) ){
+    sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, pBuf, nIn, sqlite3_free);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_free(pBuf);
+  }
+  fclose(in);
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "readfile(X)" SQL function.  The entire content
+** of the file named X is read and returned as a BLOB.  NULL is returned
+** if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
+*/
+static void readfileFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zName;
+  (void)(argc);  /* Unused parameter */
+  zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zName==0 ) return;
+  readFileContents(context, zName);
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the error message contained in context ctx to the results of
+** vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void ctxErrorMsg(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  char *zMsg = 0;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  sqlite3_result_error(ctx, zMsg, -1);
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/*
+** Argument zFile is the name of a file that will be created and/or written
+** by SQL function writefile(). This function ensures that the directory
+** zFile will be written to exists, creating it if required. The permissions
+** for any path components created by this function are set to (mode&0777).
+**
+** If an OOM condition is encountered, SQLITE_NOMEM is returned. Otherwise,
+** SQLITE_OK is returned if the directory is successfully created, or
+** SQLITE_ERROR otherwise.
+*/
+static int makeDirectory(
+  const char *zFile,
+  mode_t mode
+){
+  char *zCopy = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zFile);
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  if( zCopy==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    int nCopy = (int)strlen(zCopy);
+    int i = 1;
+
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      struct stat sStat;
+      int rc2;
+
+      for(; zCopy[i]!='/' && i<nCopy; i++);
+      if( i==nCopy ) break;
+      zCopy[i] = '\0';
+
+      rc2 = stat(zCopy, &sStat);
+      if( rc2!=0 ){
+        if( mkdir(zCopy, mode & 0777) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }else{
+        if( !S_ISDIR(sStat.st_mode) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+      zCopy[i] = '/';
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(zCopy);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function does the work for the writefile() UDF. Refer to 
+** header comments at the top of this file for details.
+*/
+static int writeFile(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Context to return bytes written in */
+  const char *zFile,              /* File to write */
+  sqlite3_value *pData,           /* Data to write */
+  mode_t mode,                    /* MODE parameter passed to writefile() */
+  sqlite3_int64 mtime             /* MTIME parameter (or -1 to not set time) */
+){
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+  if( S_ISLNK(mode) ){
+    const char *zTo = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pData);
+    if( symlink(zTo, zFile)<0 ) return 1;
+  }else
+#endif
+  {
+    if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){
+      if( mkdir(zFile, mode) ){
+        /* The mkdir() call to create the directory failed. This might not
+        ** be an error though - if there is already a directory at the same
+        ** path and either the permissions already match or can be changed
+        ** to do so using chmod(), it is not an error.  */
+        struct stat sStat;
+        if( errno!=EEXIST
+         || 0!=stat(zFile, &sStat)
+         || !S_ISDIR(sStat.st_mode)
+         || ((sStat.st_mode&0777)!=(mode&0777) && 0!=chmod(zFile, mode&0777))
+        ){
+          return 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_int64 nWrite = 0;
+      const char *z;
+      int rc = 0;
+      FILE *out = fopen(zFile, "wb");
+      if( out==0 ) return 1;
+      z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_blob(pData);
+      if( z ){
+        sqlite3_int64 n = fwrite(z, 1, sqlite3_value_bytes(pData), out);
+        nWrite = sqlite3_value_bytes(pData);
+        if( nWrite!=n ){
+          rc = 1;
+        }
+      }
+      fclose(out);
+      if( rc==0 && mode && chmod(zFile, mode & 0777) ){
+        rc = 1;
+      }
+      if( rc ) return 2;
+      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, nWrite);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( mtime>=0 ){
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    /* Windows */
+    FILETIME lastAccess;
+    FILETIME lastWrite;
+    SYSTEMTIME currentTime;
+    LONGLONG intervals;
+    HANDLE hFile;
+    GetSystemTime(&currentTime);
+    SystemTimeToFileTime(&currentTime, &lastAccess);
+    intervals = Int32x32To64(mtime, 10000000) + 116444736000000000;
+    lastWrite.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)intervals;
+    lastWrite.dwHighDateTime = intervals >> 32;
+    hFile = CreateFile(
+      zFile, FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
+      FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL
+    );
+    if( hFile!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ){
+      BOOL bResult = SetFileTime(hFile, NULL, &lastAccess, &lastWrite);
+      CloseHandle(hFile);
+      return !bResult;
+    }else{
+      return 1;
+    }
+#elif defined(AT_FDCWD) && 0 /* utimensat() is not univerally available */
+    /* Recent unix */
+    struct timespec times[2];
+    times[0].tv_nsec = times[1].tv_nsec = 0;
+    times[0].tv_sec = time(0);
+    times[1].tv_sec = mtime;
+    if( utimensat(AT_FDCWD, zFile, times, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+#else
+    /* Legacy unix */
+    struct timeval times[2];
+    times[0].tv_usec = times[1].tv_usec = 0;
+    times[0].tv_sec = time(0);
+    times[1].tv_sec = mtime;
+    if( utimes(zFile, times) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "writefile(W,X[,Y[,Z]]])" SQL function.  
+** Refer to header comments at the top of this file for details.
+*/
+static void writefileFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zFile;
+  mode_t mode = 0;
+  int res;
+  sqlite3_int64 mtime = -1;
+
+  if( argc<2 || argc>4 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, 
+        "wrong number of arguments to function writefile()", -1
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+
+  zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zFile==0 ) return;
+  if( argc>=3 ){
+    mode = (mode_t)sqlite3_value_int(argv[2]);
+  }
+  if( argc==4 ){
+    mtime = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[3]);
+  }
+
+  res = writeFile(context, zFile, argv[1], mode, mtime);
+  if( res==1 && errno==ENOENT ){
+    if( makeDirectory(zFile, mode)==SQLITE_OK ){
+      res = writeFile(context, zFile, argv[1], mode, mtime);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( argc>2 && res!=0 ){
+    if( S_ISLNK(mode) ){
+      ctxErrorMsg(context, "failed to create symlink: %s", zFile);
+    }else if( S_ISDIR(mode) ){
+      ctxErrorMsg(context, "failed to create directory: %s", zFile);
+    }else{
+      ctxErrorMsg(context, "failed to write file: %s", zFile);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:   lsmode(MODE)
+**
+** Given a numberic st_mode from stat(), convert it into a human-readable
+** text string in the style of "ls -l".
+*/
+static void lsModeFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  int i;
+  int iMode = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  char z[16];
+  (void)argc;
+  if( S_ISLNK(iMode) ){
+    z[0] = 'l';
+  }else if( S_ISREG(iMode) ){
+    z[0] = '-';
+  }else if( S_ISDIR(iMode) ){
+    z[0] = 'd';
+  }else{
+    z[0] = '?';
+  }
+  for(i=0; i<3; i++){
+    int m = (iMode >> ((2-i)*3));
+    char *a = &z[1 + i*3];
+    a[0] = (m & 0x4) ? 'r' : '-';
+    a[1] = (m & 0x2) ? 'w' : '-';
+    a[2] = (m & 0x1) ? 'x' : '-';
+  }
+  z[10] = '\0';
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+}
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+/* 
+** Cursor type for recursively iterating through a directory structure.
+*/
+typedef struct fsdir_cursor fsdir_cursor;
+typedef struct FsdirLevel FsdirLevel;
+
+struct FsdirLevel {
+  DIR *pDir;                 /* From opendir() */
+  char *zDir;                /* Name of directory (nul-terminated) */
+};
+
+struct fsdir_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+
+  int nLvl;                  /* Number of entries in aLvl[] array */
+  int iLvl;                  /* Index of current entry */
+  FsdirLevel *aLvl;          /* Hierarchy of directories being traversed */
+
+  const char *zBase;
+  int nBase;
+
+  struct stat sStat;         /* Current lstat() results */
+  char *zPath;               /* Path to current entry */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* Current rowid */
+};
+
+typedef struct fsdir_tab fsdir_tab;
+struct fsdir_tab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */
+};
+
+/*
+** Construct a new fsdir virtual table object.
+*/
+static int fsdirConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  fsdir_tab *pNew = 0;
+  int rc;
+  (void)pAux;
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+  (void)pzErr;
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, "CREATE TABLE x" FSDIR_SCHEMA);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = (fsdir_tab*)sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+  }
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for fsdir vtab objects.
+*/
+static int fsdirDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new fsdir_cursor object.
+*/
+static int fsdirOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur;
+  (void)p;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->iLvl = -1;
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset a cursor back to the state it was in when first returned
+** by fsdirOpen().
+*/
+static void fsdirResetCursor(fsdir_cursor *pCur){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<=pCur->iLvl; i++){
+    FsdirLevel *pLvl = &pCur->aLvl[i];
+    if( pLvl->pDir ) closedir(pLvl->pDir);
+    sqlite3_free(pLvl->zDir);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zPath);
+  pCur->aLvl = 0;
+  pCur->zPath = 0;
+  pCur->zBase = 0;
+  pCur->nBase = 0;
+  pCur->iLvl = -1;
+  pCur->iRowid = 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for an fsdir_cursor.
+*/
+static int fsdirClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+
+  fsdirResetCursor(pCur);
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->aLvl);
+  sqlite3_free(pCur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the error message for the virtual table associated with cursor
+** pCur to the results of vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void fsdirSetErrmsg(fsdir_cursor *pCur, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  pCur->base.pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance an fsdir_cursor to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int fsdirNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  mode_t m = pCur->sStat.st_mode;
+
+  pCur->iRowid++;
+  if( S_ISDIR(m) ){
+    /* Descend into this directory */
+    int iNew = pCur->iLvl + 1;
+    FsdirLevel *pLvl;
+    if( iNew>=pCur->nLvl ){
+      int nNew = iNew+1;
+      int nByte = nNew*sizeof(FsdirLevel);
+      FsdirLevel *aNew = (FsdirLevel*)sqlite3_realloc(pCur->aLvl, nByte);
+      if( aNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      memset(&aNew[pCur->nLvl], 0, sizeof(FsdirLevel)*(nNew-pCur->nLvl));
+      pCur->aLvl = aNew;
+      pCur->nLvl = nNew;
+    }
+    pCur->iLvl = iNew;
+    pLvl = &pCur->aLvl[iNew];
+    
+    pLvl->zDir = pCur->zPath;
+    pCur->zPath = 0;
+    pLvl->pDir = opendir(pLvl->zDir);
+    if( pLvl->pDir==0 ){
+      fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "cannot read directory: %s", pCur->zPath);
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  while( pCur->iLvl>=0 ){
+    FsdirLevel *pLvl = &pCur->aLvl[pCur->iLvl];
+    struct dirent *pEntry = readdir(pLvl->pDir);
+    if( pEntry ){
+      if( pEntry->d_name[0]=='.' ){
+       if( pEntry->d_name[1]=='.' && pEntry->d_name[2]=='\0' ) continue;
+       if( pEntry->d_name[1]=='\0' ) continue;
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(pCur->zPath);
+      pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/%s", pLvl->zDir, pEntry->d_name);
+      if( pCur->zPath==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      if( lstat(pCur->zPath, &pCur->sStat) ){
+        fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "cannot stat file: %s", pCur->zPath);
+        return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+    closedir(pLvl->pDir);
+    sqlite3_free(pLvl->zDir);
+    pLvl->pDir = 0;
+    pLvl->zDir = 0;
+    pCur->iLvl--;
+  }
+
+  /* EOF */
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zPath);
+  pCur->zPath = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the series_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int fsdirColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0: { /* name */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, &pCur->zPath[pCur->nBase], -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case 1: /* mode */
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCur->sStat.st_mode);
+      break;
+
+    case 2: /* mtime */
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCur->sStat.st_mtime);
+      break;
+
+    case 3: { /* data */
+      mode_t m = pCur->sStat.st_mode;
+      if( S_ISDIR(m) ){
+        sqlite3_result_null(ctx);
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+      }else if( S_ISLNK(m) ){
+        char aStatic[64];
+        char *aBuf = aStatic;
+        int nBuf = 64;
+        int n;
+
+        while( 1 ){
+          n = readlink(pCur->zPath, aBuf, nBuf);
+          if( n<nBuf ) break;
+          if( aBuf!=aStatic ) sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+          nBuf = nBuf*2;
+          aBuf = sqlite3_malloc(nBuf);
+          if( aBuf==0 ){
+            sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
+            return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          }
+        }
+
+        sqlite3_result_text(ctx, aBuf, n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+        if( aBuf!=aStatic ) sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+#endif
+      }else{
+        readFileContents(ctx, pCur->zPath);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row. In this implementation, the
+** first row returned is assigned rowid value 1, and each subsequent
+** row a value 1 more than that of the previous.
+*/
+static int fsdirRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int fsdirEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  return (pCur->zPath==0);
+}
+
+/*
+** xFilter callback.
+*/
+static int fsdirFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zDir = 0;
+  fsdir_cursor *pCur = (fsdir_cursor*)cur;
+  (void)idxStr;
+  fsdirResetCursor(pCur);
+
+  if( idxNum==0 ){
+    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires an argument");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  assert( argc==idxNum && (argc==1 || argc==2) );
+  zDir = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  if( zDir==0 ){
+    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "table function fsdir requires a non-NULL argument");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  if( argc==2 ){
+    pCur->zBase = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
+  }
+  if( pCur->zBase ){
+    pCur->nBase = (int)strlen(pCur->zBase)+1;
+    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/%s", pCur->zBase, zDir);
+  }else{
+    pCur->zPath = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zDir);
+  }
+
+  if( pCur->zPath==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  if( lstat(pCur->zPath, &pCur->sStat) ){
+    fsdirSetErrmsg(pCur, "cannot stat file: %s", pCur->zPath);
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
+** that uses the generate_series virtual table.  This routine needs to create
+** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
+** plan.
+**
+** In this implementation idxNum is used to represent the
+** query plan.  idxStr is unused.
+**
+** The query plan is represented by bits in idxNum:
+**
+**  (1)  start = $value  -- constraint exists
+**  (2)  stop = $value   -- constraint exists
+**  (4)  step = $value   -- constraint exists
+**  (8)  output in descending order
+*/
+static int fsdirBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
+  int idx4 = -1;
+  int idx5 = -1;
+  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
+
+  (void)tab;
+  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
+    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->iColumn==4 ) idx4 = i;
+    if( pConstraint->iColumn==5 ) idx5 = i;
+  }
+
+  if( idx4<0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
+    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)(((sqlite3_int64)1) << 50);
+  }else{
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx4].omit = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx4].argvIndex = 1;
+    if( idx5>=0 ){
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx5].omit = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[idx5].argvIndex = 2;
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 2;
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 10.0;
+    }else{
+      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 100.0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Register the "fsdir" virtual table.
+*/
+static int fsdirRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+  static sqlite3_module fsdirModule = {
+    0,                         /* iVersion */
+    0,                         /* xCreate */
+    fsdirConnect,              /* xConnect */
+    fsdirBestIndex,            /* xBestIndex */
+    fsdirDisconnect,           /* xDisconnect */
+    0,                         /* xDestroy */
+    fsdirOpen,                 /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    fsdirClose,                /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    fsdirFilter,               /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    fsdirNext,                 /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    fsdirEof,                  /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+    fsdirColumn,               /* xColumn - read data */
+    fsdirRowid,                /* xRowid - read data */
+    0,                         /* xUpdate */
+    0,                         /* xBegin */
+    0,                         /* xSync */
+    0,                         /* xCommit */
+    0,                         /* xRollback */
+    0,                         /* xFindMethod */
+    0,                         /* xRename */
+    0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                         /* xRelease */
+    0                          /* xRollbackTo */
+  };
+
+  int rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "fsdir", &fsdirModule, 0);
+  return rc;
+}
+#else         /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+# define fsdirRegister(x) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_fileio_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "readfile", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                               readfileFunc, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "writefile", -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 writefileFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "lsmode", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 lsModeFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = fsdirRegister(db);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/fileio.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/completion.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-07-10
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements an eponymous virtual table that returns suggested
+** completions for a partial SQL input.
+**
+** Suggested usage:
+**
+**     SELECT DISTINCT candidate COLLATE nocase
+**       FROM completion($prefix,$wholeline)
+**      ORDER BY 1;
+**
+** The two query parameters are optional.  $prefix is the text of the
+** current word being typed and that is to be completed.  $wholeline is
+** the complete input line, used for context.
+**
+** The raw completion() table might return the same candidate multiple
+** times, for example if the same column name is used to two or more
+** tables.  And the candidates are returned in an arbitrary order.  Hence,
+** the DISTINCT and ORDER BY are recommended.
+**
+** This virtual table operates at the speed of human typing, and so there
+** is no attempt to make it fast.  Even a slow implementation will be much
+** faster than any human can type.
+**
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+/* completion_vtab is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a completion virtual table
+*/
+typedef struct completion_vtab completion_vtab;
+struct completion_vtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;        /* Database connection for this completion vtab */
+};
+
+/* completion_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
+** over rows of the result
+*/
+typedef struct completion_cursor completion_cursor;
+struct completion_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection for this cursor */
+  int nPrefix, nLine;        /* Number of bytes in zPrefix and zLine */
+  char *zPrefix;             /* The prefix for the word we want to complete */
+  char *zLine;               /* The whole that we want to complete */
+  const char *zCurrentRow;   /* Current output row */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;       /* Current statement */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
+  int ePhase;                /* Current phase */
+  int j;                     /* inter-phase counter */
+};
+
+/* Values for ePhase:
+*/
+#define COMPLETION_FIRST_PHASE   1
+#define COMPLETION_KEYWORDS      1
+#define COMPLETION_PRAGMAS       2
+#define COMPLETION_FUNCTIONS     3
+#define COMPLETION_COLLATIONS    4
+#define COMPLETION_INDEXES       5
+#define COMPLETION_TRIGGERS      6
+#define COMPLETION_DATABASES     7
+#define COMPLETION_TABLES        8
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMNS       9
+#define COMPLETION_MODULES       10
+#define COMPLETION_EOF           11
+
+/*
+** The completionConnect() method is invoked to create a new
+** completion_vtab that describes the completion virtual table.
+**
+** Think of this routine as the constructor for completion_vtab objects.
+**
+** All this routine needs to do is:
+**
+**    (1) Allocate the completion_vtab object and initialize all fields.
+**
+**    (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
+**        result set of queries against completion will look like.
+*/
+static int completionConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  completion_vtab *pNew;
+  int rc;
+
+  (void)(pAux);    /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(argc);    /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(argv);    /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(pzErr);   /* Unused parameter */
+
+/* Column numbers */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_CANDIDATE 0  /* Suggested completion of the input */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX    1  /* Prefix of the word to be completed */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE 2  /* Entire line seen so far */
+#define COMPLETION_COLUMN_PHASE     3  /* ePhase - used for debugging only */
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
+      "CREATE TABLE x("
+      "  candidate TEXT,"
+      "  prefix TEXT HIDDEN,"
+      "  wholeline TEXT HIDDEN,"
+      "  phase INT HIDDEN"        /* Used for debugging only */
+      ")");
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+    pNew->db = db;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for completion_cursor objects.
+*/
+static int completionDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new completion_cursor object.
+*/
+static int completionOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  completion_cursor *pCur;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->db = ((completion_vtab*)p)->db;
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset the completion_cursor.
+*/
+static void completionCursorReset(completion_cursor *pCur){
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zPrefix);   pCur->zPrefix = 0;  pCur->nPrefix = 0;
+  sqlite3_free(pCur->zLine);     pCur->zLine = 0;    pCur->nLine = 0;
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pStmt); pCur->pStmt = 0;
+  pCur->j = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for a completion_cursor.
+*/
+static int completionClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  completionCursorReset((completion_cursor*)cur);
+  sqlite3_free(cur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** All SQL keywords understood by SQLite
+*/
+static const char *completionKwrds[] = {
+  "ABORT", "ACTION", "ADD", "AFTER", "ALL", "ALTER", "ANALYZE", "AND", "AS",
+  "ASC", "ATTACH", "AUTOINCREMENT", "BEFORE", "BEGIN", "BETWEEN", "BY",
+  "CASCADE", "CASE", "CAST", "CHECK", "COLLATE", "COLUMN", "COMMIT",
+  "CONFLICT", "CONSTRAINT", "CREATE", "CROSS", "CURRENT_DATE",
+  "CURRENT_TIME", "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP", "DATABASE", "DEFAULT", "DEFERRABLE",
+  "DEFERRED", "DELETE", "DESC", "DETACH", "DISTINCT", "DROP", "EACH",
+  "ELSE", "END", "ESCAPE", "EXCEPT", "EXCLUSIVE", "EXISTS", "EXPLAIN",
+  "FAIL", "FOR", "FOREIGN", "FROM", "FULL", "GLOB", "GROUP", "HAVING", "IF",
+  "IGNORE", "IMMEDIATE", "IN", "INDEX", "INDEXED", "INITIALLY", "INNER",
+  "INSERT", "INSTEAD", "INTERSECT", "INTO", "IS", "ISNULL", "JOIN", "KEY",
+  "LEFT", "LIKE", "LIMIT", "MATCH", "NATURAL", "NO", "NOT", "NOTNULL",
+  "NULL", "OF", "OFFSET", "ON", "OR", "ORDER", "OUTER", "PLAN", "PRAGMA",
+  "PRIMARY", "QUERY", "RAISE", "RECURSIVE", "REFERENCES", "REGEXP",
+  "REINDEX", "RELEASE", "RENAME", "REPLACE", "RESTRICT", "RIGHT",
+  "ROLLBACK", "ROW", "SAVEPOINT", "SELECT", "SET", "TABLE", "TEMP",
+  "TEMPORARY", "THEN", "TO", "TRANSACTION", "TRIGGER", "UNION", "UNIQUE",
+  "UPDATE", "USING", "VACUUM", "VALUES", "VIEW", "VIRTUAL", "WHEN", "WHERE",
+  "WITH", "WITHOUT",
+};
+#define completionKwCount \
+   (int)(sizeof(completionKwrds)/sizeof(completionKwrds[0]))
+
+/*
+** Advance a completion_cursor to its next row of output.
+**
+** The ->ePhase, ->j, and ->pStmt fields of the completion_cursor object
+** record the current state of the scan.  This routine sets ->zCurrentRow
+** to the current row of output and then returns.  If no more rows remain,
+** then ->ePhase is set to COMPLETION_EOF which will signal the virtual
+** table that has reached the end of its scan.
+**
+** The current implementation just lists potential identifiers and
+** keywords and filters them by zPrefix.  Future enhancements should
+** take zLine into account to try to restrict the set of identifiers and
+** keywords based on what would be legal at the current point of input.
+*/
+static int completionNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  int eNextPhase = 0;  /* Next phase to try if current phase reaches end */
+  int iCol = -1;       /* If >=0, step pCur->pStmt and use the i-th column */
+  pCur->iRowid++;
+  while( pCur->ePhase!=COMPLETION_EOF ){
+    switch( pCur->ePhase ){
+      case COMPLETION_KEYWORDS: {
+        if( pCur->j >= completionKwCount ){
+          pCur->zCurrentRow = 0;
+          pCur->ePhase = COMPLETION_DATABASES;
+        }else{
+          pCur->zCurrentRow = completionKwrds[pCur->j++];
+        }
+        iCol = -1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case COMPLETION_DATABASES: {
+        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1,
+                             &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+        }
+        iCol = 1;
+        eNextPhase = COMPLETION_TABLES;
+        break;
+      }
+      case COMPLETION_TABLES: {
+        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+          sqlite3_stmt *pS2;
+          char *zSql = 0;
+          const char *zSep = "";
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pS2, 0);
+          while( sqlite3_step(pS2)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+            const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pS2, 1);
+            zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+               "%z%s"
+               "SELECT name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
+               " WHERE type='table'",
+               zSql, zSep, zDb
+            );
+            if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+            zSep = " UNION ";
+          }
+          sqlite3_finalize(pS2);
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+          sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        }
+        iCol = 0;
+        eNextPhase = COMPLETION_COLUMNS;
+        break;
+      }
+      case COMPLETION_COLUMNS: {
+        if( pCur->pStmt==0 ){
+          sqlite3_stmt *pS2;
+          char *zSql = 0;
+          const char *zSep = "";
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pS2, 0);
+          while( sqlite3_step(pS2)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+            const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pS2, 1);
+            zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+               "%z%s"
+               "SELECT pti.name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master AS sm"
+                       " JOIN pragma_table_info(sm.name,%Q) AS pti"
+               " WHERE sm.type='table'",
+               zSql, zSep, zDb, zDb
+            );
+            if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+            zSep = " UNION ";
+          }
+          sqlite3_finalize(pS2);
+          sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCur->db, zSql, -1, &pCur->pStmt, 0);
+          sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        }
+        iCol = 0;
+        eNextPhase = COMPLETION_EOF;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( iCol<0 ){
+      /* This case is when the phase presets zCurrentRow */
+      if( pCur->zCurrentRow==0 ) continue;
+    }else{
+      if( sqlite3_step(pCur->pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        /* Extract the next row of content */
+        pCur->zCurrentRow = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pCur->pStmt, iCol);
+      }else{
+        /* When all rows are finished, advance to the next phase */
+        sqlite3_finalize(pCur->pStmt);
+        pCur->pStmt = 0;
+        pCur->ePhase = eNextPhase;
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    if( pCur->nPrefix==0 ) break;
+    if( sqlite3_strnicmp(pCur->zPrefix, pCur->zCurrentRow, pCur->nPrefix)==0 ){
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the completion_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int completionColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_CANDIDATE: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zCurrentRow, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zPrefix, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCur->zLine, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PHASE: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCur->ePhase);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
+** rowid is the same as the output value.
+*/
+static int completionRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int completionEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor*)cur;
+  return pCur->ePhase >= COMPLETION_EOF;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is called to "rewind" the completion_cursor object back
+** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
+** once prior to any call to completionColumn() or completionRowid() or 
+** completionEof().
+*/
+static int completionFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  completion_cursor *pCur = (completion_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  int iArg = 0;
+  (void)(idxStr);   /* Unused parameter */
+  (void)(argc);     /* Unused parameter */
+  completionCursorReset(pCur);
+  if( idxNum & 1 ){
+    pCur->nPrefix = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[iArg]);
+    if( pCur->nPrefix>0 ){
+      pCur->zPrefix = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[iArg]));
+      if( pCur->zPrefix==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    iArg++;
+  }
+  if( idxNum & 2 ){
+    pCur->nLine = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[iArg]);
+    if( pCur->nLine>0 ){
+      pCur->zLine = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[iArg]));
+      if( pCur->zLine==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    iArg++;
+  }
+  if( pCur->zLine!=0 && pCur->zPrefix==0 ){
+    int i = pCur->nLine;
+    while( i>0 && (isalnum(pCur->zLine[i-1]) || pCur->zLine[i-1]=='_') ){
+      i--;
+    }
+    pCur->nPrefix = pCur->nLine - i;
+    if( pCur->nPrefix>0 ){
+      pCur->zPrefix = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s", pCur->nPrefix, pCur->zLine + i);
+      if( pCur->zPrefix==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+  pCur->iRowid = 0;
+  pCur->ePhase = COMPLETION_FIRST_PHASE;
+  return completionNext(pVtabCursor);
+}
+
+/*
+** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
+** that uses the completion virtual table.  This routine needs to create
+** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
+** plan.
+**
+** There are two hidden parameters that act as arguments to the table-valued
+** function:  "prefix" and "wholeline".  Bit 0 of idxNum is set if "prefix"
+** is available and bit 1 is set if "wholeline" is available.
+*/
+static int completionBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;                 /* Loop over constraints */
+  int idxNum = 0;        /* The query plan bitmask */
+  int prefixIdx = -1;    /* Index of the start= constraint, or -1 if none */
+  int wholelineIdx = -1; /* Index of the stop= constraint, or -1 if none */
+  int nArg = 0;          /* Number of arguments that completeFilter() expects */
+  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;
+
+  (void)(tab);    /* Unused parameter */
+  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
+    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
+      case COMPLETION_COLUMN_PREFIX:
+        prefixIdx = i;
+        idxNum |= 1;
+        break;
+      case COMPLETION_COLUMN_WHOLELINE:
+        wholelineIdx = i;
+        idxNum |= 2;
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  if( prefixIdx>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[prefixIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[prefixIdx].omit = 1;
+  }
+  if( wholelineIdx>=0 ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[wholelineIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[wholelineIdx].omit = 1;
+  }
+  pIdxInfo->idxNum = idxNum;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)5000 - 1000*nArg;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 500 - 100*nArg;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
+** completion virtual table.
+*/
+static sqlite3_module completionModule = {
+  0,                         /* iVersion */
+  0,                         /* xCreate */
+  completionConnect,         /* xConnect */
+  completionBestIndex,       /* xBestIndex */
+  completionDisconnect,      /* xDisconnect */
+  0,                         /* xDestroy */
+  completionOpen,            /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+  completionClose,           /* xClose - close a cursor */
+  completionFilter,          /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+  completionNext,            /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+  completionEof,             /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+  completionColumn,          /* xColumn - read data */
+  completionRowid,           /* xRowid - read data */
+  0,                         /* xUpdate */
+  0,                         /* xBegin */
+  0,                         /* xSync */
+  0,                         /* xCommit */
+  0,                         /* xRollback */
+  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
+  0,                         /* xRename */
+  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+  0,                         /* xRelease */
+  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
+};
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+int sqlite3CompletionVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "completion", &completionModule, 0);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_completion_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)(pzErrMsg);  /* Unused parameter */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3CompletionVtabInit(db);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/completion.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/appendvfs.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-10-20
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements a VFS shim that allows an SQLite database to be
+** appended onto the end of some other file, such as an executable.
+**
+** A special record must appear at the end of the file that identifies the
+** file as an appended database and provides an offset to page 1.  For
+** best performance page 1 should be located at a disk page boundary, though
+** that is not required.
+**
+** When opening a database using this VFS, the connection might treat
+** the file as an ordinary SQLite database, or it might treat is as a
+** database appended onto some other file.  Here are the rules:
+**
+**  (1)  When opening a new empty file, that file is treated as an ordinary
+**       database.
+**
+**  (2)  When opening a file that begins with the standard SQLite prefix
+**       string "SQLite format 3", that file is treated as an ordinary
+**       database.
+**
+**  (3)  When opening a file that ends with the appendvfs trailer string
+**       "Start-Of-SQLite3-NNNNNNNN" that file is treated as an appended
+**       database.
+**
+**  (4)  If none of the above apply and the SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE flag is
+**       set, then a new database is appended to the already existing file.
+**
+**  (5)  Otherwise, SQLITE_CANTOPEN is returned.
+**
+** To avoid unnecessary complications with the PENDING_BYTE, the size of
+** the file containing the database is limited to 1GB.  This VFS will refuse
+** to read or write past the 1GB mark.  This restriction might be lifted in
+** future versions.  For now, if you need a large database, then keep the
+** database in a separate file.
+**
+** If the file being opened is not an appended database, then this shim is
+** a pass-through into the default underlying VFS.
+**/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+/* The append mark at the end of the database is:
+**
+**     Start-Of-SQLite3-NNNNNNNN
+**     123456789 123456789 12345
+**
+** The NNNNNNNN represents a 64-bit big-endian unsigned integer which is
+** the offset to page 1.
+*/
+#define APND_MARK_PREFIX     "Start-Of-SQLite3-"
+#define APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ  17
+#define APND_MARK_SIZE       25
+
+/*
+** Maximum size of the combined prefix + database + append-mark.  This
+** must be less than 0x40000000 to avoid locking issues on Windows.
+*/
+#define APND_MAX_SIZE  (65536*15259)
+
+/*
+** Forward declaration of objects used by this utility
+*/
+typedef struct sqlite3_vfs ApndVfs;
+typedef struct ApndFile ApndFile;
+
+/* Access to a lower-level VFS that (might) implement dynamic loading,
+** access to randomness, etc.
+*/
+#define ORIGVFS(p)  ((sqlite3_vfs*)((p)->pAppData))
+#define ORIGFILE(p) ((sqlite3_file*)(((ApndFile*)(p))+1))
+
+/* An open file */
+struct ApndFile {
+  sqlite3_file base;              /* IO methods */
+  sqlite3_int64 iPgOne;           /* File offset to page 1 */
+  sqlite3_int64 iMark;            /* Start of the append-mark */
+};
+
+/*
+** Methods for ApndFile
+*/
+static int apndClose(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndRead(sqlite3_file*, void*, int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
+static int apndWrite(sqlite3_file*,const void*,int iAmt, sqlite3_int64 iOfst);
+static int apndTruncate(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 size);
+static int apndSync(sqlite3_file*, int flags);
+static int apndFileSize(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 *pSize);
+static int apndLock(sqlite3_file*, int);
+static int apndUnlock(sqlite3_file*, int);
+static int apndCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file*, int *pResOut);
+static int apndFileControl(sqlite3_file*, int op, void *pArg);
+static int apndSectorSize(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndShmMap(sqlite3_file*, int iPg, int pgsz, int, void volatile**);
+static int apndShmLock(sqlite3_file*, int offset, int n, int flags);
+static void apndShmBarrier(sqlite3_file*);
+static int apndShmUnmap(sqlite3_file*, int deleteFlag);
+static int apndFetch(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, int iAmt, void **pp);
+static int apndUnfetch(sqlite3_file*, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *p);
+
+/*
+** Methods for ApndVfs
+*/
+static int apndOpen(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *, sqlite3_file*, int , int *);
+static int apndDelete(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int syncDir);
+static int apndAccess(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int flags, int *);
+static int apndFullPathname(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName, int, char *zOut);
+static void *apndDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zFilename);
+static void apndDlError(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zErrMsg);
+static void (*apndDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *p, const char*zSym))(void);
+static void apndDlClose(sqlite3_vfs*, void*);
+static int apndRandomness(sqlite3_vfs*, int nByte, char *zOut);
+static int apndSleep(sqlite3_vfs*, int microseconds);
+static int apndCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs*, double*);
+static int apndGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs*, int, char *);
+static int apndCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs*, sqlite3_int64*);
+static int apndSetSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs*, const char*,sqlite3_syscall_ptr);
+static sqlite3_syscall_ptr apndGetSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *z);
+static const char *apndNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs*, const char *zName);
+
+static sqlite3_vfs apnd_vfs = {
+  3,                            /* iVersion (set when registered) */
+  0,                            /* szOsFile (set when registered) */
+  1024,                         /* mxPathname */
+  0,                            /* pNext */
+  "apndvfs",                    /* zName */
+  0,                            /* pAppData (set when registered) */ 
+  apndOpen,                     /* xOpen */
+  apndDelete,                   /* xDelete */
+  apndAccess,                   /* xAccess */
+  apndFullPathname,             /* xFullPathname */
+  apndDlOpen,                   /* xDlOpen */
+  apndDlError,                  /* xDlError */
+  apndDlSym,                    /* xDlSym */
+  apndDlClose,                  /* xDlClose */
+  apndRandomness,               /* xRandomness */
+  apndSleep,                    /* xSleep */
+  apndCurrentTime,              /* xCurrentTime */
+  apndGetLastError,             /* xGetLastError */
+  apndCurrentTimeInt64,         /* xCurrentTimeInt64 */
+  apndSetSystemCall,            /* xSetSystemCall */
+  apndGetSystemCall,            /* xGetSystemCall */
+  apndNextSystemCall            /* xNextSystemCall */
+};
+
+static const sqlite3_io_methods apnd_io_methods = {
+  3,                              /* iVersion */
+  apndClose,                      /* xClose */
+  apndRead,                       /* xRead */
+  apndWrite,                      /* xWrite */
+  apndTruncate,                   /* xTruncate */
+  apndSync,                       /* xSync */
+  apndFileSize,                   /* xFileSize */
+  apndLock,                       /* xLock */
+  apndUnlock,                     /* xUnlock */
+  apndCheckReservedLock,          /* xCheckReservedLock */
+  apndFileControl,                /* xFileControl */
+  apndSectorSize,                 /* xSectorSize */
+  apndDeviceCharacteristics,      /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
+  apndShmMap,                     /* xShmMap */
+  apndShmLock,                    /* xShmLock */
+  apndShmBarrier,                 /* xShmBarrier */
+  apndShmUnmap,                   /* xShmUnmap */
+  apndFetch,                      /* xFetch */
+  apndUnfetch                     /* xUnfetch */
+};
+
+
+
+/*
+** Close an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xClose(pFile);
+}
+
+/*
+** Read data from an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndRead(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile, 
+  void *zBuf, 
+  int iAmt, 
+  sqlite_int64 iOfst
+){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst+p->iPgOne);
+}
+
+/*
+** Add the append-mark onto the end of the file.
+*/
+static int apndWriteMark(ApndFile *p, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  int i;
+  unsigned char a[APND_MARK_SIZE];
+  memcpy(a, APND_MARK_PREFIX, APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ);
+  for(i=0; i<8; i++){
+    a[APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ+i] = (p->iPgOne >> (56 - i*8)) & 0xff;
+  }
+  return pFile->pMethods->xWrite(pFile, a, APND_MARK_SIZE, p->iMark);
+}
+
+/*
+** Write data to an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndWrite(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  const void *zBuf,
+  int iAmt,
+  sqlite_int64 iOfst
+){
+  int rc;
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  if( iOfst+iAmt>=APND_MAX_SIZE ) return SQLITE_FULL;
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xWrite(pFile, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst+p->iPgOne);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK &&  iOfst + iAmt + p->iPgOne > p->iMark ){
+    sqlite3_int64 sz = 0;
+    rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pFile, &sz);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      p->iMark = sz - APND_MARK_SIZE;
+      if( iOfst + iAmt + p->iPgOne > p->iMark ){
+        p->iMark = p->iPgOne + iOfst + iAmt;
+        rc = apndWriteMark(p, pFile);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Truncate an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndTruncate(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 size){
+  int rc;
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xTruncate(pFile, size+p->iPgOne+APND_MARK_SIZE);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    p->iMark = p->iPgOne+size;
+    rc = apndWriteMark(p, pFile);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Sync an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndSync(sqlite3_file *pFile, int flags){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xSync(pFile, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the current file-size of an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndFileSize(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 *pSize){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  int rc;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(p);
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pFile, pSize);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->iPgOne ){
+    *pSize -= p->iPgOne + APND_MARK_SIZE;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Lock an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xLock(pFile, eLock);
+}
+
+/*
+** Unlock an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndUnlock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int eLock){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xUnlock(pFile, eLock);
+}
+
+/*
+** Check if another file-handle holds a RESERVED lock on an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndCheckReservedLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int *pResOut){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xCheckReservedLock(pFile, pResOut);
+}
+
+/*
+** File control method. For custom operations on an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndFileControl(sqlite3_file *pFile, int op, void *pArg){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  int rc;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xFileControl(pFile, op, pArg);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && op==SQLITE_FCNTL_VFSNAME ){
+    *(char**)pArg = sqlite3_mprintf("apnd(%lld)/%z", p->iPgOne, *(char**)pArg);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the sector-size in bytes for an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndSectorSize(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xSectorSize(pFile);
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the device characteristic flags supported by an apnd-file.
+*/
+static int apndDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics(pFile);
+}
+
+/* Create a shared memory file mapping */
+static int apndShmMap(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  int iPg,
+  int pgsz,
+  int bExtend,
+  void volatile **pp
+){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xShmMap(pFile,iPg,pgsz,bExtend,pp);
+}
+
+/* Perform locking on a shared-memory segment */
+static int apndShmLock(sqlite3_file *pFile, int offset, int n, int flags){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xShmLock(pFile,offset,n,flags);
+}
+
+/* Memory barrier operation on shared memory */
+static void apndShmBarrier(sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  pFile->pMethods->xShmBarrier(pFile);
+}
+
+/* Unmap a shared memory segment */
+static int apndShmUnmap(sqlite3_file *pFile, int deleteFlag){
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xShmUnmap(pFile,deleteFlag);
+}
+
+/* Fetch a page of a memory-mapped file */
+static int apndFetch(
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  sqlite3_int64 iOfst,
+  int iAmt,
+  void **pp
+){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xFetch(pFile, iOfst+p->iPgOne, iAmt, pp);
+}
+
+/* Release a memory-mapped page */
+static int apndUnfetch(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite3_int64 iOfst, void *pPage){
+  ApndFile *p = (ApndFile *)pFile;
+  pFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  return pFile->pMethods->xUnfetch(pFile, iOfst+p->iPgOne, pPage);
+}
+
+/*
+** Check to see if the file is an ordinary SQLite database file.
+*/
+static int apndIsOrdinaryDatabaseFile(sqlite3_int64 sz, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  int rc;
+  char zHdr[16];
+  static const char aSqliteHdr[] = "SQLite format 3";
+  if( sz<512 ) return 0;
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, zHdr, sizeof(zHdr), 0);
+  if( rc ) return 0;
+  return memcmp(zHdr, aSqliteHdr, sizeof(zHdr))==0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Try to read the append-mark off the end of a file.  Return the
+** start of the appended database if the append-mark is present.  If
+** there is no append-mark, return -1;
+*/
+static sqlite3_int64 apndReadMark(sqlite3_int64 sz, sqlite3_file *pFile){
+  int rc, i;
+  sqlite3_int64 iMark;
+  unsigned char a[APND_MARK_SIZE];
+
+  if( sz<=APND_MARK_SIZE ) return -1;
+  rc = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, a, APND_MARK_SIZE, sz-APND_MARK_SIZE);
+  if( rc ) return -1;
+  if( memcmp(a, APND_MARK_PREFIX, APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ)!=0 ) return -1;
+  iMark = ((sqlite3_int64)(a[APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ]&0x7f))<<56;
+  for(i=1; i<8; i++){    
+    iMark += (sqlite3_int64)a[APND_MARK_PREFIX_SZ+i]<<(56-8*i);
+  }
+  return iMark;
+}
+
+/*
+** Open an apnd file handle.
+*/
+static int apndOpen(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zName,
+  sqlite3_file *pFile,
+  int flags,
+  int *pOutFlags
+){
+  ApndFile *p;
+  sqlite3_file *pSubFile;
+  sqlite3_vfs *pSubVfs;
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3_int64 sz;
+  pSubVfs = ORIGVFS(pVfs);
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB)==0 ){
+    return pSubVfs->xOpen(pSubVfs, zName, pFile, flags, pOutFlags);
+  }
+  p = (ApndFile*)pFile;
+  memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));
+  pSubFile = ORIGFILE(pFile);
+  p->base.pMethods = &apnd_io_methods;
+  rc = pSubVfs->xOpen(pSubVfs, zName, pSubFile, flags, pOutFlags);
+  if( rc ) goto apnd_open_done;
+  rc = pSubFile->pMethods->xFileSize(pSubFile, &sz);
+  if( rc ){
+    pSubFile->pMethods->xClose(pSubFile);
+    goto apnd_open_done;
+  }
+  if( apndIsOrdinaryDatabaseFile(sz, pSubFile) ){
+    memmove(pFile, pSubFile, pSubVfs->szOsFile);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  p->iMark = 0;
+  p->iPgOne = apndReadMark(sz, pFile);
+  if( p->iPgOne>0 ){
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  if( (flags & SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE)==0 ){
+    pSubFile->pMethods->xClose(pSubFile);
+    rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
+  }
+  p->iPgOne = (sz+0xfff) & ~(sqlite3_int64)0xfff;
+apnd_open_done:
+  if( rc ) pFile->pMethods = 0;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** All other VFS methods are pass-thrus.
+*/
+static int apndDelete(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath, int dirSync){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDelete(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zPath, dirSync);
+}
+static int apndAccess(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
+  const char *zPath, 
+  int flags, 
+  int *pResOut
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xAccess(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zPath, flags, pResOut);
+}
+static int apndFullPathname(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, 
+  const char *zPath, 
+  int nOut, 
+  char *zOut
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xFullPathname(ORIGVFS(pVfs),zPath,nOut,zOut);
+}
+static void *apndDlOpen(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zPath){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlOpen(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zPath);
+}
+static void apndDlError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zErrMsg){
+  ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlError(ORIGVFS(pVfs), nByte, zErrMsg);
+}
+static void (*apndDlSym(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *p, const char *zSym))(void){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlSym(ORIGVFS(pVfs), p, zSym);
+}
+static void apndDlClose(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, void *pHandle){
+  ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xDlClose(ORIGVFS(pVfs), pHandle);
+}
+static int apndRandomness(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nByte, char *zBufOut){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xRandomness(ORIGVFS(pVfs), nByte, zBufOut);
+}
+static int apndSleep(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int nMicro){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xSleep(ORIGVFS(pVfs), nMicro);
+}
+static int apndCurrentTime(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, double *pTimeOut){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xCurrentTime(ORIGVFS(pVfs), pTimeOut);
+}
+static int apndGetLastError(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, int a, char *b){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xGetLastError(ORIGVFS(pVfs), a, b);
+}
+static int apndCurrentTimeInt64(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, sqlite3_int64 *p){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xCurrentTimeInt64(ORIGVFS(pVfs), p);
+}
+static int apndSetSystemCall(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zName,
+  sqlite3_syscall_ptr pCall
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xSetSystemCall(ORIGVFS(pVfs),zName,pCall);
+}
+static sqlite3_syscall_ptr apndGetSystemCall(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,
+  const char *zName
+){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xGetSystemCall(ORIGVFS(pVfs),zName);
+}
+static const char *apndNextSystemCall(sqlite3_vfs *pVfs, const char *zName){
+  return ORIGVFS(pVfs)->xNextSystemCall(ORIGVFS(pVfs), zName);
+}
+
+  
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+/* 
+** This routine is called when the extension is loaded.
+** Register the new VFS.
+*/
+int sqlite3_appendvfs_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3_vfs *pOrig;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;
+  (void)db;
+  pOrig = sqlite3_vfs_find(0);
+  apnd_vfs.iVersion = pOrig->iVersion;
+  apnd_vfs.pAppData = pOrig;
+  apnd_vfs.szOsFile = pOrig->szOsFile + sizeof(ApndFile);
+  rc = sqlite3_vfs_register(&apnd_vfs, 0);
+#ifdef APPENDVFS_TEST
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_auto_extension((void(*)(void))apndvfsRegister);
+  }
+#endif
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_OK_LOAD_PERMANENTLY;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/appendvfs.c ********************/
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/zipfile.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-12-26
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements a virtual table for reading and writing ZIP archive
+** files.
+**
+** Usage example:
+**
+**     SELECT name, sz, datetime(mtime,'unixepoch') FROM zipfile($filename);
+**
+** Current limitations:
+**
+**    *  No support for encryption
+**    *  No support for ZIP archives spanning multiple files
+**    *  No support for zip64 extensions
+**    *  Only the "inflate/deflate" (zlib) compression method is supported
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+#  include <unistd.h>
+#  include <dirent.h>
+#  include <utime.h>
+#else
+#  include <io.h>
+#endif
+#include <time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
+/* typedef sqlite3_int64 i64; */
+/* typedef unsigned char u8; */
+typedef unsigned short u16;
+typedef unsigned long u32;
+#define MIN(a,b) ((a)<(b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+static const char ZIPFILE_SCHEMA[] = 
+  "CREATE TABLE y("
+    "name PRIMARY KEY,"  /* 0: Name of file in zip archive */
+    "mode,"              /* 1: POSIX mode for file */
+    "mtime,"             /* 2: Last modification time (secs since 1970)*/
+    "sz,"                /* 3: Size of object */
+    "rawdata,"           /* 4: Raw data */
+    "data,"              /* 5: Uncompressed data */
+    "method,"            /* 6: Compression method (integer) */
+    "z HIDDEN"           /* 7: Name of zip file */
+  ") WITHOUT ROWID;";
+
+#define ZIPFILE_F_COLUMN_IDX 7    /* Index of column "file" in the above */
+#define ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE (64*1024)
+
+
+/*
+** Magic numbers used to read and write zip files.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_MADEBY:
+**   Use this value for the "version-made-by" field in new zip file
+**   entries. The upper byte indicates "unix", and the lower byte 
+**   indicates that the zip file matches pkzip specification 3.0. 
+**   This is what info-zip seems to do.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_REQUIRED:
+**   Value for "version-required-to-extract" field of new entries.
+**   Version 2.0 is required to support folders and deflate compression.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_FLAGS:
+**   Value for "general-purpose-bit-flags" field of new entries. Bit
+**   11 means "utf-8 filename and comment".
+**
+** ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS:
+**   First 4 bytes of a valid CDS record.
+**
+** ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH:
+**   First 4 bytes of a valid LFH record.
+*/
+#define ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP   0x5455
+#define ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_MADEBY   ((3<<8) + 30)
+#define ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_REQUIRED 20
+#define ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_FLAGS    0x800
+#define ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS     0x02014b50
+#define ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH     0x04034b50
+#define ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_EOCD    0x06054b50
+#define ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ      30
+
+/*
+** Set the error message contained in context ctx to the results of
+** vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void zipfileCtxErrorMsg(sqlite3_context *ctx, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  char *zMsg = 0;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  zMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  sqlite3_result_error(ctx, zMsg, -1);
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+
+/*
+*** 4.3.16  End of central directory record:
+***
+***   end of central dir signature    4 bytes  (0x06054b50)
+***   number of this disk             2 bytes
+***   number of the disk with the
+***   start of the central directory  2 bytes
+***   total number of entries in the
+***   central directory on this disk  2 bytes
+***   total number of entries in
+***   the central directory           2 bytes
+***   size of the central directory   4 bytes
+***   offset of start of central
+***   directory with respect to
+***   the starting disk number        4 bytes
+***   .ZIP file comment length        2 bytes
+***   .ZIP file comment       (variable size)
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileEOCD ZipfileEOCD;
+struct ZipfileEOCD {
+  u16 iDisk;
+  u16 iFirstDisk;
+  u16 nEntry;
+  u16 nEntryTotal;
+  u32 nSize;
+  u32 iOffset;
+};
+
+/*
+*** 4.3.12  Central directory structure:
+***
+*** ...
+***
+***   central file header signature   4 bytes  (0x02014b50)
+***   version made by                 2 bytes
+***   version needed to extract       2 bytes
+***   general purpose bit flag        2 bytes
+***   compression method              2 bytes
+***   last mod file time              2 bytes
+***   last mod file date              2 bytes
+***   crc-32                          4 bytes
+***   compressed size                 4 bytes
+***   uncompressed size               4 bytes
+***   file name length                2 bytes
+***   extra field length              2 bytes
+***   file comment length             2 bytes
+***   disk number start               2 bytes
+***   internal file attributes        2 bytes
+***   external file attributes        4 bytes
+***   relative offset of local header 4 bytes
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileCDS ZipfileCDS;
+struct ZipfileCDS {
+  u16 iVersionMadeBy;
+  u16 iVersionExtract;
+  u16 flags;
+  u16 iCompression;
+  u16 mTime;
+  u16 mDate;
+  u32 crc32;
+  u32 szCompressed;
+  u32 szUncompressed;
+  u16 nFile;
+  u16 nExtra;
+  u16 nComment;
+  u16 iDiskStart;
+  u16 iInternalAttr;
+  u32 iExternalAttr;
+  u32 iOffset;
+  char *zFile;                    /* Filename (sqlite3_malloc()) */
+};
+
+/*
+*** 4.3.7  Local file header:
+***
+***   local file header signature     4 bytes  (0x04034b50)
+***   version needed to extract       2 bytes
+***   general purpose bit flag        2 bytes
+***   compression method              2 bytes
+***   last mod file time              2 bytes
+***   last mod file date              2 bytes
+***   crc-32                          4 bytes
+***   compressed size                 4 bytes
+***   uncompressed size               4 bytes
+***   file name length                2 bytes
+***   extra field length              2 bytes
+***   
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileLFH ZipfileLFH;
+struct ZipfileLFH {
+  u16 iVersionExtract;
+  u16 flags;
+  u16 iCompression;
+  u16 mTime;
+  u16 mDate;
+  u32 crc32;
+  u32 szCompressed;
+  u32 szUncompressed;
+  u16 nFile;
+  u16 nExtra;
+};
+
+typedef struct ZipfileEntry ZipfileEntry;
+struct ZipfileEntry {
+  char *zPath;               /* Path of zipfile entry */
+  u8 *aCdsEntry;             /* Buffer containing entire CDS entry */
+  int nCdsEntry;             /* Size of buffer aCdsEntry[] in bytes */
+  int bDeleted;              /* True if entry has been deleted */
+  ZipfileEntry *pNext;       /* Next element in in-memory CDS */
+};
+
+/* 
+** Cursor type for recursively iterating through a directory structure.
+*/
+typedef struct ZipfileCsr ZipfileCsr;
+struct ZipfileCsr {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  i64 iId;                   /* Cursor ID */
+  int bEof;                  /* True when at EOF */
+
+  /* Used outside of write transactions */
+  FILE *pFile;               /* Zip file */
+  i64 iNextOff;              /* Offset of next record in central directory */
+  ZipfileEOCD eocd;          /* Parse of central directory record */
+
+  /* Used inside write transactions */
+  ZipfileEntry *pCurrent;
+
+  ZipfileCDS cds;            /* Central Directory Structure */
+  ZipfileLFH lfh;            /* Local File Header for current entry */
+  i64 iDataOff;              /* Offset in zipfile to data */
+  u32 mTime;                 /* Extended mtime value */
+  int flags;                 /* Flags byte (see below for bits) */
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsrNext;      /* Next cursor on same virtual table */
+};
+
+/*
+** Values for ZipfileCsr.flags.
+*/
+#define ZIPFILE_MTIME_VALID 0x0001
+
+typedef struct ZipfileTab ZipfileTab;
+struct ZipfileTab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;         /* Base class - must be first */
+  char *zFile;               /* Zip file this table accesses (may be NULL) */
+  u8 *aBuffer;               /* Temporary buffer used for various tasks */
+
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsrList;      /* List of cursors */
+  i64 iNextCsrid;
+
+  /* The following are used by write transactions only */
+  ZipfileEntry *pFirstEntry; /* Linked list of all files (if pWriteFd!=0) */
+  ZipfileEntry *pLastEntry;  /* Last element in pFirstEntry list */
+  FILE *pWriteFd;            /* File handle open on zip archive */
+  i64 szCurrent;             /* Current size of zip archive */
+  i64 szOrig;                /* Size of archive at start of transaction */
+};
+
+static void zipfileDequote(char *zIn){
+  char q = zIn[0];
+  if( q=='"' || q=='\'' || q=='`' || q=='[' ){
+    char c;
+    int iIn = 1;
+    int iOut = 0;
+    if( q=='[' ) q = ']';
+    while( (c = zIn[iIn++]) ){
+      if( c==q ){
+        if( zIn[iIn++]!=q ) break;
+      }
+      zIn[iOut++] = c;
+    }
+    zIn[iOut] = '\0';
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Construct a new ZipfileTab virtual table object.
+** 
+**   argv[0]   -> module name  ("zipfile")
+**   argv[1]   -> database name
+**   argv[2]   -> table name
+**   argv[...] -> "column name" and other module argument fields.
+*/
+static int zipfileConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  int nByte = sizeof(ZipfileTab) + ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE;
+  int nFile = 0;
+  const char *zFile = 0;
+  ZipfileTab *pNew = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  if( argc>3 ){
+    zFile = argv[3];
+    nFile = (int)strlen(zFile)+1;
+  }
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, ZIPFILE_SCHEMA);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = (ZipfileTab*)sqlite3_malloc(nByte+nFile);
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, nByte+nFile);
+    pNew->aBuffer = (u8*)&pNew[1];
+    if( zFile ){
+      pNew->zFile = (char*)&pNew->aBuffer[ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      memcpy(pNew->zFile, zFile, nFile);
+      zipfileDequote(pNew->zFile);
+    }
+  }
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for zipfile vtab objects.
+*/
+static int zipfileDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new ZipfileCsr object.
+*/
+static int zipfileOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCsr){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)p;
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr;
+  pCsr = sqlite3_malloc(sizeof(*pCsr));
+  *ppCsr = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor*)pCsr;
+  if( pCsr==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(*pCsr));
+  pCsr->iId = ++pTab->iNextCsrid;
+  pCsr->pCsrNext = pTab->pCsrList;
+  pTab->pCsrList = pCsr;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset a cursor back to the state it was in when first returned
+** by zipfileOpen().
+*/
+static void zipfileResetCursor(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->cds.zFile);
+  pCsr->cds.zFile = 0;
+  pCsr->bEof = 0;
+  if( pCsr->pFile ){
+    fclose(pCsr->pFile);
+    pCsr->pFile = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for an ZipfileCsr.
+*/
+static int zipfileClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)(pCsr->base.pVtab);
+  ZipfileCsr **pp;
+  zipfileResetCursor(pCsr);
+
+  /* Remove this cursor from the ZipfileTab.pCsrList list. */
+  for(pp=&pTab->pCsrList; *pp; pp=&((*pp)->pCsrNext)){
+    if( *pp==pCsr ){ 
+      *pp = pCsr->pCsrNext;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Set the error message for the virtual table associated with cursor
+** pCsr to the results of vprintf(zFmt, ...).
+*/
+static void zipfileSetErrmsg(ZipfileCsr *pCsr, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+static int zipfileReadData(
+  FILE *pFile,                    /* Read from this file */
+  u8 *aRead,                      /* Read into this buffer */
+  int nRead,                      /* Number of bytes to read */
+  i64 iOff,                       /* Offset to read from */
+  char **pzErrmsg                 /* OUT: Error message (from sqlite3_malloc) */
+){
+  size_t n;
+  fseek(pFile, (long)iOff, SEEK_SET);
+  n = fread(aRead, 1, nRead, pFile);
+  if( (int)n!=nRead ){
+    *pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("error in fread()");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int zipfileAppendData(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,
+  const u8 *aWrite,
+  int nWrite
+){
+  size_t n;
+  fseek(pTab->pWriteFd, (long)pTab->szCurrent, SEEK_SET);
+  n = fwrite(aWrite, 1, nWrite, pTab->pWriteFd);
+  if( (int)n!=nWrite ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("error in fwrite()");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+  pTab->szCurrent += nWrite;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static u16 zipfileGetU16(const u8 *aBuf){
+  return (aBuf[1] << 8) + aBuf[0];
+}
+static u32 zipfileGetU32(const u8 *aBuf){
+  return ((u32)(aBuf[3]) << 24)
+       + ((u32)(aBuf[2]) << 16)
+       + ((u32)(aBuf[1]) <<  8)
+       + ((u32)(aBuf[0]) <<  0);
+}
+
+static void zipfilePutU16(u8 *aBuf, u16 val){
+  aBuf[0] = val & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[1] = (val>>8) & 0xFF;
+}
+static void zipfilePutU32(u8 *aBuf, u32 val){
+  aBuf[0] = val & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[1] = (val>>8) & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[2] = (val>>16) & 0xFF;
+  aBuf[3] = (val>>24) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+#define zipfileRead32(aBuf) ( aBuf+=4, zipfileGetU32(aBuf-4) )
+#define zipfileRead16(aBuf) ( aBuf+=2, zipfileGetU16(aBuf-2) )
+
+#define zipfileWrite32(aBuf,val) { zipfilePutU32(aBuf,val); aBuf+=4; }
+#define zipfileWrite16(aBuf,val) { zipfilePutU16(aBuf,val); aBuf+=2; }
+
+static u8* zipfileCsrBuffer(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  return ((ZipfileTab*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))->aBuffer;
+}
+
+/*
+** Magic numbers used to read CDS records.
+*/
+#define ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ         46
+#define ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF        28
+
+/*
+** Decode the CDS record in buffer aBuf into (*pCDS). Return SQLITE_ERROR
+** if the record is not well-formed, or SQLITE_OK otherwise.
+*/
+static int zipfileReadCDS(u8 *aBuf, ZipfileCDS *pCDS){
+  u8 *aRead = aBuf;
+  u32 sig = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( sig!=ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS ){
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    pCDS->iVersionMadeBy = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iVersionExtract = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->flags = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iCompression = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->mTime = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->mDate = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->crc32 = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pCDS->szCompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pCDS->szUncompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    assert( aRead==&aBuf[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF] );
+    pCDS->nFile = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->nExtra = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->nComment = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iDiskStart = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iInternalAttr = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pCDS->iExternalAttr = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pCDS->iOffset = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    assert( aRead==&aBuf[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ] );
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Read the CDS record for the current entry from disk into pCsr->cds.
+*/
+static int zipfileCsrReadCDS(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  char **pzErr = &pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg;
+  u8 *aRead;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->cds.zFile);
+  pCsr->cds.zFile = 0;
+
+  if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+    aRead = zipfileCsrBuffer(pCsr);
+    rc = zipfileReadData(
+        pCsr->pFile, aRead, ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ, pCsr->iNextOff, pzErr
+    );
+  }else{
+    aRead = pCsr->pCurrent->aCdsEntry;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileReadCDS(aRead, &pCsr->cds);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      assert( pCsr->pCurrent==0 );
+      zipfileSetErrmsg(pCsr,"failed to read CDS at offset %lld",pCsr->iNextOff);
+    }else{
+      int nRead;
+      if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+        nRead = pCsr->cds.nFile + pCsr->cds.nExtra;
+        aRead = zipfileCsrBuffer(pCsr);
+        pCsr->iNextOff += ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ;
+        rc = zipfileReadData(pCsr->pFile, aRead, nRead, pCsr->iNextOff, pzErr);
+      }else{
+        aRead = &aRead[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ];
+      }
+
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        pCsr->cds.zFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%.*s", (int)pCsr->cds.nFile, aRead);
+        pCsr->iNextOff += pCsr->cds.nFile;
+        pCsr->iNextOff += pCsr->cds.nExtra;
+        pCsr->iNextOff += pCsr->cds.nComment;
+      }
+
+      /* Scan the cds.nExtra bytes of "extra" fields for any that can
+      ** be interpreted. The general format of an extra field is:
+      **
+      **   Header ID    2 bytes
+      **   Data Size    2 bytes
+      **   Data         N bytes
+      **
+      */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        u8 *p = &aRead[pCsr->cds.nFile];
+        u8 *pEnd = &p[pCsr->cds.nExtra];
+
+        while( p<pEnd ){
+          u16 id = zipfileRead16(p);
+          u16 nByte = zipfileRead16(p);
+
+          switch( id ){
+            case ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP: {
+              u8 b = p[0];
+              if( b & 0x01 ){     /* 0x01 -> modtime is present */
+                pCsr->mTime = zipfileGetU32(&p[1]);
+                pCsr->flags |= ZIPFILE_MTIME_VALID;
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+
+          p += nByte;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static FILE *zipfileGetFd(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  if( pCsr->pFile ) return pCsr->pFile;
+  return ((ZipfileTab*)(pCsr->base.pVtab))->pWriteFd;
+}
+
+static int zipfileReadLFH(
+  FILE *pFd, 
+  i64 iOffset,
+  u8 *aTmp, 
+  ZipfileLFH *pLFH, 
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  u8 *aRead = aTmp;
+  static const int szFix = ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ;
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = zipfileReadData(pFd, aRead, szFix, iOffset, pzErr);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    u32 sig = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    if( sig!=ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH ){
+      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("failed to read LFH at offset %d", (int)iOffset);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      pLFH->iVersionExtract = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->flags = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->iCompression = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->mTime = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->mDate = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->crc32 = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+      pLFH->szCompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+      pLFH->szUncompressed = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+      pLFH->nFile = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      pLFH->nExtra = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+      assert( aRead==&aTmp[szFix] );
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileCsrReadLFH(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  FILE *pFile = zipfileGetFd(pCsr);
+  char **pzErr = &pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg;
+  u8 *aRead = zipfileCsrBuffer(pCsr);
+  int rc = zipfileReadLFH(pFile, pCsr->cds.iOffset, aRead, &pCsr->lfh, pzErr);
+  pCsr->iDataOff =  pCsr->cds.iOffset + ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ;
+  pCsr->iDataOff += pCsr->lfh.nFile+pCsr->lfh.nExtra;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance an ZipfileCsr to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int zipfileNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  pCsr->flags = 0;
+
+  if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+    i64 iEof = pCsr->eocd.iOffset + pCsr->eocd.nSize;
+    if( pCsr->iNextOff>=iEof ){
+      pCsr->bEof = 1;
+    }
+  }else{
+    assert( pCsr->pFile==0 );
+    do {
+      pCsr->pCurrent = pCsr->pCurrent->pNext;
+    }while( pCsr->pCurrent && pCsr->pCurrent->bDeleted );
+    if( pCsr->pCurrent==0 ){
+      pCsr->bEof = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pCsr->bEof==0 ){
+    rc = zipfileCsrReadCDS(pCsr);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = zipfileCsrReadLFH(pCsr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** "Standard" MS-DOS time format:
+**
+**   File modification time:
+**     Bits 00-04: seconds divided by 2
+**     Bits 05-10: minute
+**     Bits 11-15: hour
+**   File modification date:
+**     Bits 00-04: day
+**     Bits 05-08: month (1-12)
+**     Bits 09-15: years from 1980 
+*/
+static time_t zipfileMtime(ZipfileCsr *pCsr){
+  struct tm t;
+  memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+  t.tm_sec = (pCsr->cds.mTime & 0x1F)*2;
+  t.tm_min = (pCsr->cds.mTime >> 5) & 0x2F;
+  t.tm_hour = (pCsr->cds.mTime >> 11) & 0x1F;
+
+  t.tm_mday = (pCsr->cds.mDate & 0x1F);
+  t.tm_mon = ((pCsr->cds.mDate >> 5) & 0x0F) - 1;
+  t.tm_year = 80 + ((pCsr->cds.mDate >> 9) & 0x7F);
+
+  return mktime(&t);
+}
+
+static void zipfileMtimeToDos(ZipfileCDS *pCds, u32 mTime){
+  time_t t = (time_t)mTime;
+  struct tm res;
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+  localtime_r(&t, &res);
+#else
+  memcpy(&res, localtime(&t), sizeof(struct tm));
+#endif
+
+  pCds->mTime = (u16)(
+    (res.tm_sec / 2) + 
+    (res.tm_min << 5) +
+    (res.tm_hour << 11));
+
+  pCds->mDate = (u16)(
+    (res.tm_mday-1) +
+    ((res.tm_mon+1) << 5) +
+    ((res.tm_year-80) << 9));
+}
+
+static void zipfileInflate(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Store error here, if any */
+  const u8 *aIn,                  /* Compressed data */
+  int nIn,                        /* Size of buffer aIn[] in bytes */
+  int nOut                        /* Expected output size */
+){
+  u8 *aRes = sqlite3_malloc(nOut);
+  if( aRes==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+  }else{
+    int err;
+    z_stream str;
+    memset(&str, 0, sizeof(str));
+
+    str.next_in = (Byte*)aIn;
+    str.avail_in = nIn;
+    str.next_out = (Byte*)aRes;
+    str.avail_out = nOut;
+
+    err = inflateInit2(&str, -15);
+    if( err!=Z_OK ){
+      zipfileCtxErrorMsg(pCtx, "inflateInit2() failed (%d)", err);
+    }else{
+      err = inflate(&str, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+      if( err!=Z_STREAM_END ){
+        zipfileCtxErrorMsg(pCtx, "inflate() failed (%d)", err);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, aRes, nOut, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(aRes);
+    inflateEnd(&str);
+  }
+}
+
+static int zipfileDeflate(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,               /* Set error message here */
+  const u8 *aIn, int nIn,         /* Input */
+  u8 **ppOut, int *pnOut          /* Output */
+){
+  int nAlloc = (int)compressBound(nIn);
+  u8 *aOut;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  aOut = (u8*)sqlite3_malloc(nAlloc);
+  if( aOut==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    int res;
+    z_stream str;
+    memset(&str, 0, sizeof(str));
+    str.next_in = (Bytef*)aIn;
+    str.avail_in = nIn;
+    str.next_out = aOut;
+    str.avail_out = nAlloc;
+
+    deflateInit2(&str, 9, Z_DEFLATED, -15, 8, Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY);
+    res = deflate(&str, Z_FINISH);
+
+    if( res==Z_STREAM_END ){
+      *ppOut = aOut;
+      *pnOut = (int)str.total_out;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(aOut);
+      pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("zipfile: deflate() error");
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+    deflateEnd(&str);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the series_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int zipfileColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0:   /* name */
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, pCsr->cds.zFile, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    case 1:   /* mode */
+      /* TODO: Whether or not the following is correct surely depends on
+      ** the platform on which the archive was created.  */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->cds.iExternalAttr >> 16);
+      break;
+    case 2: { /* mtime */
+      if( pCsr->flags & ZIPFILE_MTIME_VALID ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->mTime);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, zipfileMtime(pCsr));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 3: { /* sz */
+      if( sqlite3_vtab_nochange(ctx)==0 ){
+        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->cds.szUncompressed);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 4:   /* rawdata */
+      if( sqlite3_vtab_nochange(ctx) ) break;
+    case 5: { /* data */
+      if( i==4 || pCsr->cds.iCompression==0 || pCsr->cds.iCompression==8 ){
+        int sz = pCsr->cds.szCompressed;
+        int szFinal = pCsr->cds.szUncompressed;
+        if( szFinal>0 ){
+          u8 *aBuf = sqlite3_malloc(sz);
+          if( aBuf==0 ){
+            rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          }else{
+            FILE *pFile = zipfileGetFd(pCsr);
+            rc = zipfileReadData(pFile, aBuf, sz, pCsr->iDataOff,
+                &pCsr->base.pVtab->zErrMsg
+            );
+          }
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            if( i==5 && pCsr->cds.iCompression ){
+              zipfileInflate(ctx, aBuf, sz, szFinal);
+            }else{
+              sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, aBuf, sz, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+            }
+            sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+          }
+        }else{
+          /* Figure out if this is a directory or a zero-sized file. Consider
+          ** it to be a directory either if the mode suggests so, or if
+          ** the final character in the name is '/'.  */
+          u32 mode = pCsr->cds.iExternalAttr >> 16;
+          if( !(mode & S_IFDIR) && pCsr->cds.zFile[pCsr->cds.nFile-1]!='/' ){
+            sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 6:   /* method */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->cds.iCompression);
+      break;
+    case 7:   /* z */
+      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, pCsr->iId);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.
+*/
+static int zipfileRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  assert( 0 );
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int zipfileEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  return pCsr->bEof;
+}
+
+/*
+*/
+static int zipfileReadEOCD(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,               /* Return errors here */
+  FILE *pFile,                    /* Read from this file */
+  ZipfileEOCD *pEOCD              /* Object to populate */
+){
+  u8 *aRead = pTab->aBuffer;      /* Temporary buffer */
+  i64 szFile;                     /* Total size of file in bytes */
+  int nRead;                      /* Bytes to read from file */
+  i64 iOff;                       /* Offset to read from */
+  int rc;
+
+  fseek(pFile, 0, SEEK_END);
+  szFile = (i64)ftell(pFile);
+  if( szFile==0 ){
+    memset(pEOCD, 0, sizeof(ZipfileEOCD));
+    return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+  nRead = (int)(MIN(szFile, ZIPFILE_BUFFER_SIZE));
+  iOff = szFile - nRead;
+
+  rc = zipfileReadData(pFile, aRead, nRead, iOff, &pTab->base.zErrMsg);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int i;
+
+    /* Scan backwards looking for the signature bytes */
+    for(i=nRead-20; i>=0; i--){
+      if( aRead[i]==0x50 && aRead[i+1]==0x4b 
+       && aRead[i+2]==0x05 && aRead[i+3]==0x06 
+      ){
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if( i<0 ){
+      pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "cannot find end of central directory record"
+      );
+      return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    aRead += i+4;
+    pEOCD->iDisk = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->iFirstDisk = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->nEntry = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->nEntryTotal = zipfileRead16(aRead);
+    pEOCD->nSize = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+    pEOCD->iOffset = zipfileRead32(aRead);
+
+#if 0
+    printf("iDisk=%d  iFirstDisk=%d  nEntry=%d  "
+           "nEntryTotal=%d  nSize=%d  iOffset=%d", 
+           (int)pEOCD->iDisk, (int)pEOCD->iFirstDisk, (int)pEOCD->nEntry,
+           (int)pEOCD->nEntryTotal, (int)pEOCD->nSize, (int)pEOCD->iOffset
+    );
+#endif
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** xFilter callback.
+*/
+static int zipfileFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)cur->pVtab;
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr = (ZipfileCsr*)cur;
+  const char *zFile;              /* Zip file to scan */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
+
+  zipfileResetCursor(pCsr);
+
+  if( pTab->zFile ){
+    zFile = pTab->zFile;
+  }else if( idxNum==0 ){
+    /* Error. This is an eponymous virtual table and the user has not 
+    ** supplied a file name. */
+    zipfileSetErrmsg(pCsr, "table function zipfile() requires an argument");
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+  }
+
+  if( pTab->pWriteFd==0 ){
+    pCsr->pFile = fopen(zFile, "rb");
+    if( pCsr->pFile==0 ){
+      zipfileSetErrmsg(pCsr, "cannot open file: %s", zFile);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      rc = zipfileReadEOCD(pTab, pCsr->pFile, &pCsr->eocd);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( pCsr->eocd.nEntry==0 ){
+          pCsr->bEof = 1;
+        }else{
+          pCsr->iNextOff = pCsr->eocd.iOffset;
+          rc = zipfileNext(cur);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }else{
+    ZipfileEntry e;
+    memset(&e, 0, sizeof(e));
+    e.pNext = pTab->pFirstEntry;
+    pCsr->pCurrent = &e;
+    rc = zipfileNext(cur);
+    assert( pCsr->pCurrent!=&e );
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** xBestIndex callback.
+*/
+static int zipfileBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  int i;
+
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+    const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+    if( pCons->usable==0 ) continue;
+    if( pCons->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( pCons->iColumn!=ZIPFILE_F_COLUMN_IDX ) continue;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  if( i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint ){
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1000.0;
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
+  }else{
+    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)(((sqlite3_int64)1) << 50);
+    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add object pNew to the end of the linked list that begins at
+** ZipfileTab.pFirstEntry and ends with pLastEntry.
+*/
+static void zipfileAddEntry(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab, 
+  ZipfileEntry *pBefore, 
+  ZipfileEntry *pNew
+){
+  assert( (pTab->pFirstEntry==0)==(pTab->pLastEntry==0) );
+  assert( pNew->pNext==0 );
+  if( pBefore==0 ){
+    if( pTab->pFirstEntry==0 ){
+      pTab->pFirstEntry = pTab->pLastEntry = pNew;
+    }else{
+      assert( pTab->pLastEntry->pNext==0 );
+      pTab->pLastEntry->pNext = pNew;
+      pTab->pLastEntry = pNew;
+    }
+  }else{
+    ZipfileEntry **pp;
+    for(pp=&pTab->pFirstEntry; *pp!=pBefore; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
+    pNew->pNext = pBefore;
+    *pp = pNew;
+  }
+}
+
+static int zipfileLoadDirectory(ZipfileTab *pTab){
+  ZipfileEOCD eocd;
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = zipfileReadEOCD(pTab, pTab->pWriteFd, &eocd);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eocd.nEntry>0 ){
+    int i;
+    int iOff = 0;
+    u8 *aBuf = sqlite3_malloc(eocd.nSize);
+    if( aBuf==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      rc = zipfileReadData(
+          pTab->pWriteFd, aBuf, eocd.nSize, eocd.iOffset, &pTab->base.zErrMsg
+      );
+    }
+
+    for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<eocd.nEntry; i++){
+      u16 nFile;
+      u16 nExtra;
+      u16 nComment;
+      ZipfileEntry *pNew;
+      u8 *aRec = &aBuf[iOff];
+
+      nFile = zipfileGetU16(&aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF]);
+      nExtra = zipfileGetU16(&aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF+2]);
+      nComment = zipfileGetU16(&aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_NFILE_OFF+4]);
+
+      pNew = sqlite3_malloc(
+          sizeof(ZipfileEntry) 
+        + nFile+1 
+        + ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ+nFile+nExtra+nComment
+      );
+      if( pNew==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(ZipfileEntry));
+        pNew->zPath = (char*)&pNew[1];
+        memcpy(pNew->zPath, &aRec[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ], nFile);
+        pNew->zPath[nFile] = '\0';
+        pNew->aCdsEntry = (u8*)&pNew->zPath[nFile+1];
+        pNew->nCdsEntry = ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ+nFile+nExtra+nComment;
+        memcpy(pNew->aCdsEntry, aRec, pNew->nCdsEntry);
+        zipfileAddEntry(pTab, 0, pNew);
+      }
+
+      iOff += ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ+nFile+nExtra+nComment;
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(aBuf);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static ZipfileEntry *zipfileNewEntry(
+  ZipfileCDS *pCds,               /* Values for fixed size part of CDS */
+  const char *zPath,              /* Path for new entry */
+  int nPath,                      /* strlen(zPath) */
+  u32 mTime                       /* Modification time (or 0) */
+){
+  u8 *aWrite;
+  ZipfileEntry *pNew;
+  pCds->nFile = (u16)nPath;
+  pCds->nExtra = mTime ? 9 : 0;
+  pNew = (ZipfileEntry*)sqlite3_malloc(
+    sizeof(ZipfileEntry) + 
+    nPath+1 + 
+    ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ + nPath + pCds->nExtra
+  );
+
+  if( pNew ){
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(ZipfileEntry));
+    pNew->zPath = (char*)&pNew[1];
+    pNew->aCdsEntry = (u8*)&pNew->zPath[nPath+1];
+    pNew->nCdsEntry = ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ + nPath + pCds->nExtra;
+    memcpy(pNew->zPath, zPath, nPath+1);
+
+    aWrite = pNew->aCdsEntry;
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_CDS);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iVersionMadeBy);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iVersionExtract);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->flags);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iCompression);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->mTime);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->mDate);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->crc32);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->szCompressed);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->szUncompressed);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->nFile);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->nExtra);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->nComment);      assert( pCds->nComment==0 );
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iDiskStart);
+    zipfileWrite16(aWrite, pCds->iInternalAttr);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->iExternalAttr);
+    zipfileWrite32(aWrite, pCds->iOffset);
+    assert( aWrite==&pNew->aCdsEntry[ZIPFILE_CDS_FIXED_SZ] );
+    memcpy(aWrite, zPath, nPath);
+    if( pCds->nExtra ){
+      aWrite += nPath;
+      zipfileWrite16(aWrite, ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP);
+      zipfileWrite16(aWrite, 5);
+      *aWrite++ = 0x01;
+      zipfileWrite32(aWrite, mTime);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+static int zipfileAppendEntry(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab,
+  ZipfileCDS *pCds,
+  const char *zPath,              /* Path for new entry */
+  int nPath,                      /* strlen(zPath) */
+  const u8 *pData,
+  int nData,
+  u32 mTime
+){
+  u8 *aBuf = pTab->aBuffer;
+  int rc;
+
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_LFH);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->iVersionExtract);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->flags);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->iCompression);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->mTime);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->mDate);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, pCds->crc32);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, pCds->szCompressed);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, pCds->szUncompressed);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, (u16)nPath);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, pCds->nExtra);
+  assert( aBuf==&pTab->aBuffer[ZIPFILE_LFH_FIXED_SZ] );
+  rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, pTab->aBuffer, (int)(aBuf - pTab->aBuffer));
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, (const u8*)zPath, nPath);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCds->nExtra ){
+    aBuf = pTab->aBuffer;
+    zipfileWrite16(aBuf, ZIPFILE_EXTRA_TIMESTAMP);
+    zipfileWrite16(aBuf, 5);
+    *aBuf++ = 0x01;
+    zipfileWrite32(aBuf, mTime);
+    rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, pTab->aBuffer, 9);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, pData, nData);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileGetMode(
+  ZipfileTab *pTab, 
+  sqlite3_value *pVal, 
+  u32 defaultMode,                /* Value to use if pVal IS NULL */
+  u32 *pMode
+){
+  const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
+  u32 mode = 0;
+  if( z==0 ){
+    mode = defaultMode;
+  }else if( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ){
+    mode = (unsigned int)sqlite3_value_int(pVal);
+  }else{
+    const char zTemplate[11] = "-rwxrwxrwx";
+    int i;
+    if( strlen(z)!=10 ) goto parse_error;
+    switch( z[0] ){
+      case '-': mode |= S_IFREG; break;
+      case 'd': mode |= S_IFDIR; break;
+#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(WIN32)
+      case 'l': mode |= S_IFLNK; break;
+#endif
+      default: goto parse_error;
+    }
+    for(i=1; i<10; i++){
+      if( z[i]==zTemplate[i] ) mode |= 1 << (9-i);
+      else if( z[i]!='-' ) goto parse_error;
+    }
+  }
+  *pMode = mode;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+
+ parse_error:
+  pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("zipfile: parse error in mode: %s", z);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Both (const char*) arguments point to nul-terminated strings. Argument
+** nB is the value of strlen(zB). This function returns 0 if the strings are
+** identical, ignoring any trailing '/' character in either path.  */
+static int zipfileComparePath(const char *zA, const char *zB, int nB){
+  int nA = (int)strlen(zA);
+  if( zA[nA-1]=='/' ) nA--;
+  if( zB[nB-1]=='/' ) nB--;
+  if( nA==nB && memcmp(zA, zB, nA)==0 ) return 0;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+** xUpdate method.
+*/
+static int zipfileUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
+  int nVal, 
+  sqlite3_value **apVal, 
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return Code */
+  ZipfileEntry *pNew = 0;         /* New in-memory CDS entry */
+
+  u32 mode = 0;                   /* Mode for new entry */
+  i64 mTime = 0;                  /* Modification time for new entry */
+  i64 sz = 0;                     /* Uncompressed size */
+  const char *zPath = 0;          /* Path for new entry */
+  int nPath = 0;                  /* strlen(zPath) */
+  const u8 *pData = 0;            /* Pointer to buffer containing content */
+  int nData = 0;                  /* Size of pData buffer in bytes */
+  int iMethod = 0;                /* Compression method for new entry */
+  u8 *pFree = 0;                  /* Free this */
+  char *zFree = 0;                /* Also free this */
+  ZipfileCDS cds;                 /* New Central Directory Structure entry */
+  ZipfileEntry *pOld = 0;
+  int bIsDir = 0;
+  u32 iCrc32 = 0;
+
+  assert( pTab->zFile );
+  assert( pTab->pWriteFd );
+
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[0])!=SQLITE_NULL ){
+    const char *zDelete = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
+    int nDelete = (int)strlen(zDelete);
+    for(pOld=pTab->pFirstEntry; 1; pOld=pOld->pNext){
+      if( pOld->bDeleted ) continue;
+      if( zipfileComparePath(pOld->zPath, zDelete, nDelete)==0 ){
+        pOld->bDeleted = 1;
+        break;
+      }
+      assert( pOld->pNext );
+    }
+    if( nVal==1 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  /* Check that "sz" and "rawdata" are both NULL: */
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[5])!=SQLITE_NULL
+   || sqlite3_value_type(apVal[6])!=SQLITE_NULL
+  ){
+    rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[7])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+      /* data=NULL. A directory */
+      bIsDir = 1;
+    }else{
+      /* Value specified for "data", and possibly "method". This must be
+      ** a regular file or a symlink. */
+      const u8 *aIn = sqlite3_value_blob(apVal[7]);
+      int nIn = sqlite3_value_bytes(apVal[7]);
+      int bAuto = sqlite3_value_type(apVal[8])==SQLITE_NULL;
+
+      iMethod = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[8]);
+      sz = nIn;
+      pData = aIn;
+      nData = nIn;
+      if( iMethod!=0 && iMethod!=8 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+      }else{
+        if( bAuto || iMethod ){
+          int nCmp;
+          rc = zipfileDeflate(pTab, aIn, nIn, &pFree, &nCmp);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            if( iMethod || nCmp<nIn ){
+              iMethod = 8;
+              pData = pFree;
+              nData = nCmp;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+        iCrc32 = crc32(0, aIn, nIn);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileGetMode(pTab, apVal[3], 
+        (bIsDir ? (S_IFDIR + 0755) : (S_IFREG + 0644)), &mode
+    );
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && (bIsDir == ((mode & S_IFDIR)==0)) ){
+      /* The "mode" attribute is a directory, but data has been specified.
+      ** Or vice-versa - no data but "mode" is a file or symlink.  */
+      rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
+    nPath = (int)strlen(zPath);
+    if( sqlite3_value_type(apVal[4])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+      mTime = (sqlite3_int64)time(0);
+    }else{
+      mTime = sqlite3_value_int64(apVal[4]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bIsDir ){
+    /* For a directory, check that the last character in the path is a
+    ** '/'. This appears to be required for compatibility with info-zip
+    ** (the unzip command on unix). It does not create directories
+    ** otherwise.  */
+    if( zPath[nPath-1]!='/' ){
+      zFree = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/", zPath);
+      if( zFree==0 ){ rc = SQLITE_NOMEM; }
+      zPath = (const char*)zFree;
+      nPath++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Check that we're not inserting a duplicate entry */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    ZipfileEntry *p;
+    for(p=pTab->pFirstEntry; p; p=p->pNext){
+      if( p->bDeleted ) continue;
+      if( zipfileComparePath(p->zPath, zPath, nPath)==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    /* Create the new CDS record. */
+    memset(&cds, 0, sizeof(cds));
+    cds.iVersionMadeBy = ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_MADEBY;
+    cds.iVersionExtract = ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_REQUIRED;
+    cds.flags = ZIPFILE_NEWENTRY_FLAGS;
+    cds.iCompression = (u16)iMethod;
+    zipfileMtimeToDos(&cds, (u32)mTime);
+    cds.crc32 = iCrc32;
+    cds.szCompressed = nData;
+    cds.szUncompressed = (u32)sz;
+    cds.iExternalAttr = (mode<<16);
+    cds.iOffset = (u32)pTab->szCurrent;
+    pNew = zipfileNewEntry(&cds, zPath, nPath, (u32)mTime);
+    if( pNew==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      zipfileAddEntry(pTab, pOld, pNew);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Append the new header+file to the archive */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = zipfileAppendEntry(pTab, &cds, zPath, nPath, pData, nData, (u32)mTime);
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pOld ){
+    pOld->bDeleted = 0;
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pFree);
+  sqlite3_free(zFree);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileAppendEOCD(ZipfileTab *pTab, ZipfileEOCD *p){
+  u8 *aBuf = pTab->aBuffer;
+
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, ZIPFILE_SIGNATURE_EOCD);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->iDisk);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->iFirstDisk);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->nEntry);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, p->nEntryTotal);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, p->nSize);
+  zipfileWrite32(aBuf, p->iOffset);
+  zipfileWrite16(aBuf, 0);        /* Size of trailing comment in bytes*/
+
+  assert( (aBuf-pTab->aBuffer)==22 );
+  return zipfileAppendData(pTab, pTab->aBuffer, (int)(aBuf - pTab->aBuffer));
+}
+
+static void zipfileCleanupTransaction(ZipfileTab *pTab){
+  ZipfileEntry *pEntry;
+  ZipfileEntry *pNext;
+
+  for(pEntry=pTab->pFirstEntry; pEntry; pEntry=pNext){
+    pNext = pEntry->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(pEntry);
+  }
+  pTab->pFirstEntry = 0;
+  pTab->pLastEntry = 0;
+  fclose(pTab->pWriteFd);
+  pTab->pWriteFd = 0;
+  pTab->szCurrent = 0;
+  pTab->szOrig = 0;
+}
+
+static int zipfileBegin(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( pTab->pWriteFd==0 );
+
+  /* This table is only writable if a default archive path was specified 
+  ** as part of the CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE statement. */
+  if( pTab->zFile==0 ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "zipfile: writing requires a default archive"
+    );
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+
+  /* Open a write fd on the file. Also load the entire central directory
+  ** structure into memory. During the transaction any new file data is 
+  ** appended to the archive file, but the central directory is accumulated
+  ** in main-memory until the transaction is committed.  */
+  pTab->pWriteFd = fopen(pTab->zFile, "ab+");
+  if( pTab->pWriteFd==0 ){
+    pTab->base.zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "zipfile: failed to open file %s for writing", pTab->zFile
+    );
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    fseek(pTab->pWriteFd, 0, SEEK_END);
+    pTab->szCurrent = pTab->szOrig = (i64)ftell(pTab->pWriteFd);
+    rc = zipfileLoadDirectory(pTab);
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    zipfileCleanupTransaction(pTab);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileCommit(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pTab->pWriteFd ){
+    i64 iOffset = pTab->szCurrent;
+    ZipfileEntry *p;
+    ZipfileEOCD eocd;
+    int nEntry = 0;
+
+    /* Write out all undeleted entries */
+    for(p=pTab->pFirstEntry; rc==SQLITE_OK && p; p=p->pNext){
+      if( p->bDeleted ) continue;
+      rc = zipfileAppendData(pTab, p->aCdsEntry, p->nCdsEntry);
+      nEntry++;
+    }
+
+    /* Write out the EOCD record */
+    eocd.iDisk = 0;
+    eocd.iFirstDisk = 0;
+    eocd.nEntry = (u16)nEntry;
+    eocd.nEntryTotal = (u16)nEntry;
+    eocd.nSize = (u32)(pTab->szCurrent - iOffset);
+    eocd.iOffset = (u32)iOffset;
+    rc = zipfileAppendEOCD(pTab, &eocd);
+
+    zipfileCleanupTransaction(pTab);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int zipfileRollback(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  return zipfileCommit(pVtab);
+}
+
+static ZipfileCsr *zipfileFindCursor(ZipfileTab *pTab, i64 iId){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr;
+  for(pCsr=pTab->pCsrList; pCsr; pCsr=pCsr->pCsrNext){
+    if( iId==pCsr->iId ) break;
+  }
+  return pCsr;
+}
+
+static void zipfileFunctionCds(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  ZipfileCsr *pCsr;
+  ZipfileTab *pTab = (ZipfileTab*)sqlite3_user_data(context);
+  assert( argc>0 );
+
+  pCsr = zipfileFindCursor(pTab, sqlite3_value_int64(argv[0]));
+  if( pCsr ){
+    ZipfileCDS *p = &pCsr->cds;
+    char *zRes = sqlite3_mprintf("{"
+        "\"version-made-by\" : %u, "
+        "\"version-to-extract\" : %u, "
+        "\"flags\" : %u, "
+        "\"compression\" : %u, "
+        "\"time\" : %u, "
+        "\"date\" : %u, "
+        "\"crc32\" : %u, "
+        "\"compressed-size\" : %u, "
+        "\"uncompressed-size\" : %u, "
+        "\"file-name-length\" : %u, "
+        "\"extra-field-length\" : %u, "
+        "\"file-comment-length\" : %u, "
+        "\"disk-number-start\" : %u, "
+        "\"internal-attr\" : %u, "
+        "\"external-attr\" : %u, "
+        "\"offset\" : %u }",
+        (u32)p->iVersionMadeBy, (u32)p->iVersionExtract,
+        (u32)p->flags, (u32)p->iCompression,
+        (u32)p->mTime, (u32)p->mDate,
+        (u32)p->crc32, (u32)p->szCompressed,
+        (u32)p->szUncompressed, (u32)p->nFile,
+        (u32)p->nExtra, (u32)p->nComment,
+        (u32)p->iDiskStart, (u32)p->iInternalAttr,
+        (u32)p->iExternalAttr, (u32)p->iOffset
+    );
+
+    if( zRes==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_text(context, zRes, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      sqlite3_free(zRes);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** xFindFunction method.
+*/
+static int zipfileFindFunction(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,            /* Virtual table handle */
+  int nArg,                       /* Number of SQL function arguments */
+  const char *zName,              /* Name of SQL function */
+  void (**pxFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**), /* OUT: Result */
+  void **ppArg                    /* OUT: User data for *pxFunc */
+){
+  if( nArg>0 ){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp("zipfile_cds", zName)==0 ){
+      *pxFunc = zipfileFunctionCds;
+      *ppArg = (void*)pVtab;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Register the "zipfile" virtual table.
+*/
+static int zipfileRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+  static sqlite3_module zipfileModule = {
+    1,                         /* iVersion */
+    zipfileConnect,            /* xCreate */
+    zipfileConnect,            /* xConnect */
+    zipfileBestIndex,          /* xBestIndex */
+    zipfileDisconnect,         /* xDisconnect */
+    zipfileDisconnect,         /* xDestroy */
+    zipfileOpen,               /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    zipfileClose,              /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    zipfileFilter,             /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    zipfileNext,               /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    zipfileEof,                /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+    zipfileColumn,             /* xColumn - read data */
+    zipfileRowid,              /* xRowid - read data */
+    zipfileUpdate,             /* xUpdate */
+    zipfileBegin,              /* xBegin */
+    0,                         /* xSync */
+    zipfileCommit,             /* xCommit */
+    zipfileRollback,           /* xRollback */
+    zipfileFindFunction,       /* xFindMethod */
+    0,                         /* xRename */
+  };
+
+  int rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "zipfile"  , &zipfileModule, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_overload_function(db, "zipfile_cds", -1);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+#else         /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+# define zipfileRegister(x) SQLITE_OK
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_zipfile_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  return zipfileRegister(db);
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/zipfile.c ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/misc/sqlar.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017-12-17
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** Utility functions sqlar_compress() and sqlar_uncompress(). Useful
+** for working with sqlar archives and used by the shell tool's built-in
+** sqlar support.
+*/
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "sqlar_compress(X)" SQL function.
+**
+** If the type of X is SQLITE_BLOB, and compressing that blob using
+** zlib utility function compress() yields a smaller blob, return the
+** compressed blob. Otherwise, return a copy of X.
+**
+** SQLar uses the "zlib format" for compressed content.  The zlib format
+** contains a two-byte identification header and a four-byte checksum at
+** the end.  This is different from ZIP which uses the raw deflate format.
+**
+** Future enhancements to SQLar might add support for new compression formats.
+** If so, those new formats will be identified by alternative headers in the
+** compressed data.
+*/
+static void sqlarCompressFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  assert( argc==1 );
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+    const Bytef *pData = sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+    uLong nData = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+    uLongf nOut = compressBound(nData);
+    Bytef *pOut;
+
+    pOut = (Bytef*)sqlite3_malloc(nOut);
+    if( pOut==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+      return;
+    }else{
+      if( Z_OK!=compress(pOut, &nOut, pData, nData) ){
+        sqlite3_result_error(context, "error in compress()", -1);
+      }else if( nOut<nData ){
+        sqlite3_result_blob(context, pOut, nOut, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(pOut);
+    }
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of the "sqlar_uncompress(X,SZ)" SQL function
+**
+** Parameter SZ is interpreted as an integer. If it is less than or
+** equal to zero, then this function returns a copy of X. Or, if
+** SZ is equal to the size of X when interpreted as a blob, also
+** return a copy of X. Otherwise, decompress blob X using zlib
+** utility function uncompress() and return the results (another
+** blob).
+*/
+static void sqlarUncompressFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  uLong nData;
+  uLongf sz;
+
+  assert( argc==2 );
+  sz = sqlite3_value_int(argv[1]);
+
+  if( sz<=0 || sz==(nData = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0])) ){
+    sqlite3_result_value(context, argv[0]);
+  }else{
+    const Bytef *pData= sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]);
+    Bytef *pOut = sqlite3_malloc(sz);
+    if( Z_OK!=uncompress(pOut, &sz, pData, nData) ){
+      sqlite3_result_error(context, "error in uncompress()", -1);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_blob(context, pOut, sz, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(pOut);
+  }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#endif
+int sqlite3_sqlar_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
+  rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sqlar_compress", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                               sqlarCompressFunc, 0, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "sqlar_uncompress", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                                 sqlarUncompressFunc, 0, 0);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/************************* End ../ext/misc/sqlar.c ********************/
+#endif
+/************************* Begin ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h ******************/
+/*
+** 2017 April 07
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+*/
+
+
+
+typedef struct sqlite3expert sqlite3expert;
+
+/*
+** Create a new sqlite3expert object.
+**
+** If successful, a pointer to the new object is returned and (*pzErr) set
+** to NULL. Or, if an error occurs, NULL is returned and (*pzErr) set to
+** an English-language error message. In this case it is the responsibility
+** of the caller to eventually free the error message buffer using
+** sqlite3_free().
+*/
+sqlite3expert *sqlite3_expert_new(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErr);
+
+/*
+** Configure an sqlite3expert object.
+**
+** EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE:
+**   By default, sqlite3_expert_analyze() generates sqlite_stat1 data for
+**   each candidate index. This involves scanning and sorting the entire
+**   contents of each user database table once for each candidate index
+**   associated with the table. For large databases, this can be 
+**   prohibitively slow. This option allows the sqlite3expert object to
+**   be configured so that sqlite_stat1 data is instead generated based on a
+**   subset of each table, or so that no sqlite_stat1 data is used at all.
+**
+**   A single integer argument is passed to this option. If the value is less
+**   than or equal to zero, then no sqlite_stat1 data is generated or used by
+**   the analysis - indexes are recommended based on the database schema only.
+**   Or, if the value is 100 or greater, complete sqlite_stat1 data is
+**   generated for each candidate index (this is the default). Finally, if the
+**   value falls between 0 and 100, then it represents the percentage of user
+**   table rows that should be considered when generating sqlite_stat1 data.
+**
+**   Examples:
+**
+**     // Do not generate any sqlite_stat1 data
+**     sqlite3_expert_config(pExpert, EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE, 0);
+**
+**     // Generate sqlite_stat1 data based on 10% of the rows in each table.
+**     sqlite3_expert_config(pExpert, EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE, 10);
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_config(sqlite3expert *p, int op, ...);
+
+#define EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE 1    /* int */
+
+/*
+** Specify zero or more SQL statements to be included in the analysis.
+**
+** Buffer zSql must contain zero or more complete SQL statements. This
+** function parses all statements contained in the buffer and adds them
+** to the internal list of statements to analyze. If successful, SQLITE_OK
+** is returned and (*pzErr) set to NULL. Or, if an error occurs - for example
+** due to a error in the SQL - an SQLite error code is returned and (*pzErr)
+** may be set to point to an English language error message. In this case
+** the caller is responsible for eventually freeing the error message buffer
+** using sqlite3_free().
+**
+** If an error does occur while processing one of the statements in the
+** buffer passed as the second argument, none of the statements in the
+** buffer are added to the analysis.
+**
+** This function must be called before sqlite3_expert_analyze(). If a call
+** to this function is made on an sqlite3expert object that has already
+** been passed to sqlite3_expert_analyze() SQLITE_MISUSE is returned
+** immediately and no statements are added to the analysis.
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_sql(
+  sqlite3expert *p,               /* From a successful sqlite3_expert_new() */
+  const char *zSql,               /* SQL statement(s) to add */
+  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: Error message (if any) */
+);
+
+
+/*
+** This function is called after the sqlite3expert object has been configured
+** with all SQL statements using sqlite3_expert_sql() to actually perform
+** the analysis. Once this function has been called, it is not possible to
+** add further SQL statements to the analysis.
+**
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned and (*pzErr) is set to NULL. Or, if
+** an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned and (*pzErr) set to 
+** point to a buffer containing an English language error message. In this
+** case it is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free the buffer
+** using sqlite3_free().
+**
+** If an error does occur within this function, the sqlite3expert object
+** is no longer useful for any purpose. At that point it is no longer
+** possible to add further SQL statements to the object or to re-attempt
+** the analysis. The sqlite3expert object must still be freed using a call
+** sqlite3_expert_destroy().
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_analyze(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr);
+
+/*
+** Return the total number of statements loaded using sqlite3_expert_sql().
+** The total number of SQL statements may be different from the total number
+** to calls to sqlite3_expert_sql().
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_count(sqlite3expert*);
+
+/*
+** Return a component of the report.
+**
+** This function is called after sqlite3_expert_analyze() to extract the
+** results of the analysis. Each call to this function returns either a
+** NULL pointer or a pointer to a buffer containing a nul-terminated string.
+** The value passed as the third argument must be one of the EXPERT_REPORT_*
+** #define constants defined below.
+**
+** For some EXPERT_REPORT_* parameters, the buffer returned contains 
+** information relating to a specific SQL statement. In these cases that
+** SQL statement is identified by the value passed as the second argument.
+** SQL statements are numbered from 0 in the order in which they are parsed.
+** If an out-of-range value (less than zero or equal to or greater than the
+** value returned by sqlite3_expert_count()) is passed as the second argument
+** along with such an EXPERT_REPORT_* parameter, NULL is always returned.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_SQL:
+**   Return the text of SQL statement iStmt.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES:
+**   Return a buffer containing the CREATE INDEX statements for all recommended
+**   indexes for statement iStmt. If there are no new recommeded indexes, NULL 
+**   is returned.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN:
+**   Return a buffer containing the EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN output for SQL query
+**   iStmt after the proposed indexes have been added to the database schema.
+**
+** EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES:
+**   Return a pointer to a buffer containing the CREATE INDEX statements 
+**   for all indexes that were tested (for all SQL statements). The iStmt
+**   parameter is ignored for EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES calls.
+*/
+const char *sqlite3_expert_report(sqlite3expert*, int iStmt, int eReport);
+
+/*
+** Values for the third argument passed to sqlite3_expert_report().
+*/
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_SQL        1
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES    2
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN       3
+#define EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES 4
+
+/*
+** Free an (sqlite3expert*) handle and all associated resources. There 
+** should be one call to this function for each successful call to 
+** sqlite3-expert_new().
+*/
+void sqlite3_expert_destroy(sqlite3expert*);
+
+
+
+/************************* End ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.h ********************/
+/************************* Begin ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c ******************/
+/*
+** 2017 April 09
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+*/
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE 
+
+/* typedef sqlite3_int64 i64; */
+/* typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64; */
+
+typedef struct IdxColumn IdxColumn;
+typedef struct IdxConstraint IdxConstraint;
+typedef struct IdxScan IdxScan;
+typedef struct IdxStatement IdxStatement;
+typedef struct IdxTable IdxTable;
+typedef struct IdxWrite IdxWrite;
+
+#define STRLEN  (int)strlen
+
+/*
+** A temp table name that we assume no user database will actually use.
+** If this assumption proves incorrect triggers on the table with the
+** conflicting name will be ignored.
+*/
+#define UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME "t592690916721053953805701627921227776"
+
+/*
+** A single constraint. Equivalent to either "col = ?" or "col < ?" (or
+** any other type of single-ended range constraint on a column).
+**
+** pLink:
+**   Used to temporarily link IdxConstraint objects into lists while
+**   creating candidate indexes.
+*/
+struct IdxConstraint {
+  char *zColl;                    /* Collation sequence */
+  int bRange;                     /* True for range, false for eq */
+  int iCol;                       /* Constrained table column */
+  int bFlag;                      /* Used by idxFindCompatible() */
+  int bDesc;                      /* True if ORDER BY <expr> DESC */
+  IdxConstraint *pNext;           /* Next constraint in pEq or pRange list */
+  IdxConstraint *pLink;           /* See above */
+};
+
+/*
+** A single scan of a single table.
+*/
+struct IdxScan {
+  IdxTable *pTab;                 /* Associated table object */
+  int iDb;                        /* Database containing table zTable */
+  i64 covering;                   /* Mask of columns required for cov. index */
+  IdxConstraint *pOrder;          /* ORDER BY columns */
+  IdxConstraint *pEq;             /* List of == constraints */
+  IdxConstraint *pRange;          /* List of < constraints */
+  IdxScan *pNextScan;             /* Next IdxScan object for same analysis */
+};
+
+/*
+** Information regarding a single database table. Extracted from 
+** "PRAGMA table_info" by function idxGetTableInfo().
+*/
+struct IdxColumn {
+  char *zName;
+  char *zColl;
+  int iPk;
+};
+struct IdxTable {
+  int nCol;
+  char *zName;                    /* Table name */
+  IdxColumn *aCol;
+  IdxTable *pNext;                /* Next table in linked list of all tables */
+};
+
+/*
+** An object of the following type is created for each unique table/write-op
+** seen. The objects are stored in a singly-linked list beginning at
+** sqlite3expert.pWrite.
+*/
+struct IdxWrite {
+  IdxTable *pTab;
+  int eOp;                        /* SQLITE_UPDATE, DELETE or INSERT */
+  IdxWrite *pNext;
+};
+
+/*
+** Each statement being analyzed is represented by an instance of this
+** structure.
+*/
+struct IdxStatement {
+  int iId;                        /* Statement number */
+  char *zSql;                     /* SQL statement */
+  char *zIdx;                     /* Indexes */
+  char *zEQP;                     /* Plan */
+  IdxStatement *pNext;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** A hash table for storing strings. With space for a payload string
+** with each entry. Methods are:
+**
+**   idxHashInit()
+**   idxHashClear()
+**   idxHashAdd()
+**   idxHashSearch()
+*/
+#define IDX_HASH_SIZE 1023
+typedef struct IdxHashEntry IdxHashEntry;
+typedef struct IdxHash IdxHash;
+struct IdxHashEntry {
+  char *zKey;                     /* nul-terminated key */
+  char *zVal;                     /* nul-terminated value string */
+  char *zVal2;                    /* nul-terminated value string 2 */
+  IdxHashEntry *pHashNext;        /* Next entry in same hash bucket */
+  IdxHashEntry *pNext;            /* Next entry in hash */
+};
+struct IdxHash {
+  IdxHashEntry *pFirst;
+  IdxHashEntry *aHash[IDX_HASH_SIZE];
+};
+
+/*
+** sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+struct sqlite3expert {
+  int iSample;                    /* Percentage of tables to sample for stat1 */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* User database */
+  sqlite3 *dbm;                   /* In-memory db for this analysis */
+  sqlite3 *dbv;                   /* Vtab schema for this analysis */
+  IdxTable *pTable;               /* List of all IdxTable objects */
+  IdxScan *pScan;                 /* List of scan objects */
+  IdxWrite *pWrite;               /* List of write objects */
+  IdxStatement *pStatement;       /* List of IdxStatement objects */
+  int bRun;                       /* True once analysis has run */
+  char **pzErrmsg;
+  int rc;                         /* Error code from whereinfo hook */
+  IdxHash hIdx;                   /* Hash containing all candidate indexes */
+  char *zCandidates;              /* For EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Allocate and return nByte bytes of zeroed memory using sqlite3_malloc(). 
+** If the allocation fails, set *pRc to SQLITE_NOMEM and return NULL.
+*/
+static void *idxMalloc(int *pRc, int nByte){
+  void *pRet;
+  assert( *pRc==SQLITE_OK );
+  assert( nByte>0 );
+  pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nByte);
+  if( pRet ){
+    memset(pRet, 0, nByte);
+  }else{
+    *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Initialize an IdxHash hash table.
+*/
+static void idxHashInit(IdxHash *pHash){
+  memset(pHash, 0, sizeof(IdxHash));
+}
+
+/*
+** Reset an IdxHash hash table.
+*/
+static void idxHashClear(IdxHash *pHash){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<IDX_HASH_SIZE; i++){
+    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+    IdxHashEntry *pNext;
+    for(pEntry=pHash->aHash[i]; pEntry; pEntry=pNext){
+      pNext = pEntry->pHashNext;
+      sqlite3_free(pEntry->zVal2);
+      sqlite3_free(pEntry);
+    }
+  }
+  memset(pHash, 0, sizeof(IdxHash));
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the index of the hash bucket that the string specified by the
+** arguments to this function belongs.
+*/
+static int idxHashString(const char *z, int n){
+  unsigned int ret = 0;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<n; i++){
+    ret += (ret<<3) + (unsigned char)(z[i]);
+  }
+  return (int)(ret % IDX_HASH_SIZE);
+}
+
+/*
+** If zKey is already present in the hash table, return non-zero and do
+** nothing. Otherwise, add an entry with key zKey and payload string zVal to
+** the hash table passed as the second argument. 
+*/
+static int idxHashAdd(
+  int *pRc, 
+  IdxHash *pHash, 
+  const char *zKey,
+  const char *zVal
+){
+  int nKey = STRLEN(zKey);
+  int iHash = idxHashString(zKey, nKey);
+  int nVal = (zVal ? STRLEN(zVal) : 0);
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+  assert( iHash>=0 );
+  for(pEntry=pHash->aHash[iHash]; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pHashNext){
+    if( STRLEN(pEntry->zKey)==nKey && 0==memcmp(pEntry->zKey, zKey, nKey) ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  pEntry = idxMalloc(pRc, sizeof(IdxHashEntry) + nKey+1 + nVal+1);
+  if( pEntry ){
+    pEntry->zKey = (char*)&pEntry[1];
+    memcpy(pEntry->zKey, zKey, nKey);
+    if( zVal ){
+      pEntry->zVal = &pEntry->zKey[nKey+1];
+      memcpy(pEntry->zVal, zVal, nVal);
+    }
+    pEntry->pHashNext = pHash->aHash[iHash];
+    pHash->aHash[iHash] = pEntry;
+
+    pEntry->pNext = pHash->pFirst;
+    pHash->pFirst = pEntry;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** If zKey/nKey is present in the hash table, return a pointer to the 
+** hash-entry object.
+*/
+static IdxHashEntry *idxHashFind(IdxHash *pHash, const char *zKey, int nKey){
+  int iHash;
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+  if( nKey<0 ) nKey = STRLEN(zKey);
+  iHash = idxHashString(zKey, nKey);
+  assert( iHash>=0 );
+  for(pEntry=pHash->aHash[iHash]; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pHashNext){
+    if( STRLEN(pEntry->zKey)==nKey && 0==memcmp(pEntry->zKey, zKey, nKey) ){
+      return pEntry;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** If the hash table contains an entry with a key equal to the string
+** passed as the final two arguments to this function, return a pointer
+** to the payload string. Otherwise, if zKey/nKey is not present in the
+** hash table, return NULL.
+*/
+static const char *idxHashSearch(IdxHash *pHash, const char *zKey, int nKey){
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry = idxHashFind(pHash, zKey, nKey);
+  if( pEntry ) return pEntry->zVal;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate and return a new IdxConstraint object. Set the IdxConstraint.zColl
+** variable to point to a copy of nul-terminated string zColl.
+*/
+static IdxConstraint *idxNewConstraint(int *pRc, const char *zColl){
+  IdxConstraint *pNew;
+  int nColl = STRLEN(zColl);
+
+  assert( *pRc==SQLITE_OK );
+  pNew = (IdxConstraint*)idxMalloc(pRc, sizeof(IdxConstraint) * nColl + 1);
+  if( pNew ){
+    pNew->zColl = (char*)&pNew[1];
+    memcpy(pNew->zColl, zColl, nColl+1);
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+/*
+** An error associated with database handle db has just occurred. Pass
+** the error message to callback function xOut.
+*/
+static void idxDatabaseError(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle */
+  char **pzErrmsg                 /* Write error here */
+){
+  *pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare an SQL statement.
+*/
+static int idxPrepareStmt(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
+  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
+  const char *zSql                /* SQL statement to compile */
+){
+  int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    *ppStmt = 0;
+    idxDatabaseError(db, pzErrmsg);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare an SQL statement using the results of a printf() formatting.
+*/
+static int idxPrintfPrepareStmt(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to compile against */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Compiled SQL statement */
+  char **pzErrmsg,                /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc()ed error message */
+  const char *zFmt,               /* printf() format of SQL statement */
+  ...                             /* Trailing printf() arguments */
+){
+  va_list ap;
+  int rc;
+  char *zSql;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  if( zSql==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }else{
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(db, ppStmt, pzErrmsg, zSql);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*************************************************************************
+** Beginning of virtual table implementation.
+*/
+typedef struct ExpertVtab ExpertVtab;
+struct ExpertVtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;
+  IdxTable *pTab;
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
+};
+
+typedef struct ExpertCsr ExpertCsr;
+struct ExpertCsr {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pData;
+};
+
+static char *expertDequote(const char *zIn){
+  int n = STRLEN(zIn);
+  char *zRet = sqlite3_malloc(n);
+
+  assert( zIn[0]=='\'' );
+  assert( zIn[n-1]=='\'' );
+
+  if( zRet ){
+    int iOut = 0;
+    int iIn = 0;
+    for(iIn=1; iIn<(n-1); iIn++){
+      if( zIn[iIn]=='\'' ){
+        assert( zIn[iIn+1]=='\'' );
+        iIn++;
+      }
+      zRet[iOut++] = zIn[iIn];
+    }
+    zRet[iOut] = '\0';
+  }
+
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/* 
+** This function is the implementation of both the xConnect and xCreate
+** methods of the r-tree virtual table.
+**
+**   argv[0]   -> module name
+**   argv[1]   -> database name
+**   argv[2]   -> table name
+**   argv[...] -> column names...
+*/
+static int expertConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert = (sqlite3expert*)pAux;
+  ExpertVtab *p = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  if( argc!=4 ){
+    *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("internal error!");
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }else{
+    char *zCreateTable = expertDequote(argv[3]);
+    if( zCreateTable ){
+      rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, zCreateTable);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        p = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(ExpertVtab));
+      }
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        p->pExpert = pExpert;
+        p->pTab = pExpert->pTable;
+        assert( sqlite3_stricmp(p->pTab->zName, argv[2])==0 );
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(zCreateTable);
+    }else{
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)p;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int expertDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  ExpertVtab *p = (ExpertVtab*)pVtab;
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int expertBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
+  ExpertVtab *p = (ExpertVtab*)pVtab;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int n = 0;
+  IdxScan *pScan;
+  const int opmask = 
+    SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT |
+    SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT | SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE |
+    SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE;
+
+  pScan = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(IdxScan));
+  if( pScan ){
+    int i;
+
+    /* Link the new scan object into the list */
+    pScan->pTab = p->pTab;
+    pScan->pNextScan = p->pExpert->pScan;
+    p->pExpert->pScan = pScan;
+
+    /* Add the constraints to the IdxScan object */
+    for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+      struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pCons = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+      if( pCons->usable 
+       && pCons->iColumn>=0 
+       && p->pTab->aCol[pCons->iColumn].iPk==0
+       && (pCons->op & opmask) 
+      ){
+        IdxConstraint *pNew;
+        const char *zColl = sqlite3_vtab_collation(pIdxInfo, i);
+        pNew = idxNewConstraint(&rc, zColl);
+        if( pNew ){
+          pNew->iCol = pCons->iColumn;
+          if( pCons->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
+            pNew->pNext = pScan->pEq;
+            pScan->pEq = pNew;
+          }else{
+            pNew->bRange = 1;
+            pNew->pNext = pScan->pRange;
+            pScan->pRange = pNew;
+          }
+        }
+        n++;
+        pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = n;
+      }
+    }
+
+    /* Add the ORDER BY to the IdxScan object */
+    for(i=pIdxInfo->nOrderBy-1; i>=0; i--){
+      int iCol = pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[i].iColumn;
+      if( iCol>=0 ){
+        IdxConstraint *pNew = idxNewConstraint(&rc, p->pTab->aCol[iCol].zColl);
+        if( pNew ){
+          pNew->iCol = iCol;
+          pNew->bDesc = pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[i].desc;
+          pNew->pNext = pScan->pOrder;
+          pNew->pLink = pScan->pOrder;
+          pScan->pOrder = pNew;
+          n++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1000000.0 / (n+1);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int expertUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab, 
+  int nData, 
+  sqlite3_value **azData, 
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  (void)pVtab;
+  (void)nData;
+  (void)azData;
+  (void)pRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xOpen method.
+*/
+static int expertOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr;
+  (void)pVTab;
+  pCsr = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(ExpertCsr));
+  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor*)pCsr;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xClose method.
+*/
+static int expertClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Virtual table module xEof method.
+**
+** Return non-zero if the cursor does not currently point to a valid 
+** record (i.e if the scan has finished), or zero otherwise.
+*/
+static int expertEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  return pCsr->pData==0;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xNext method.
+*/
+static int expertNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( pCsr->pData );
+  rc = sqlite3_step(pCsr->pData);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
+    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
+    pCsr->pData = 0;
+  }else{
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xRowid method.
+*/
+static int expertRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  (void)cur;
+  *pRowid = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xColumn method.
+*/
+static int expertColumn(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite3_context *ctx, int i){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal;
+  pVal = sqlite3_column_value(pCsr->pData, i);
+  if( pVal ){
+    sqlite3_result_value(ctx, pVal);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/* 
+** Virtual table module xFilter method.
+*/
+static int expertFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  ExpertCsr *pCsr = (ExpertCsr*)cur;
+  ExpertVtab *pVtab = (ExpertVtab*)(cur->pVtab);
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert = pVtab->pExpert;
+  int rc;
+
+  (void)idxNum;
+  (void)idxStr;
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+  rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCsr->pData);
+  pCsr->pData = 0;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(pExpert->db, &pCsr->pData, &pVtab->base.zErrMsg,
+        "SELECT * FROM main.%Q WHERE sample()", pVtab->pTab->zName
+    );
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = expertNext(cur);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxRegisterVtab(sqlite3expert *p){
+  static sqlite3_module expertModule = {
+    2,                            /* iVersion */
+    expertConnect,                /* xCreate - create a table */
+    expertConnect,                /* xConnect - connect to an existing table */
+    expertBestIndex,              /* xBestIndex - Determine search strategy */
+    expertDisconnect,             /* xDisconnect - Disconnect from a table */
+    expertDisconnect,             /* xDestroy - Drop a table */
+    expertOpen,                   /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    expertClose,                  /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    expertFilter,                 /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    expertNext,                   /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    expertEof,                    /* xEof */
+    expertColumn,                 /* xColumn - read data */
+    expertRowid,                  /* xRowid - read data */
+    expertUpdate,                 /* xUpdate - write data */
+    0,                            /* xBegin - begin transaction */
+    0,                            /* xSync - sync transaction */
+    0,                            /* xCommit - commit transaction */
+    0,                            /* xRollback - rollback transaction */
+    0,                            /* xFindFunction - function overloading */
+    0,                            /* xRename - rename the table */
+    0,                            /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                            /* xRelease */
+    0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
+  };
+
+  return sqlite3_create_module(p->dbv, "expert", &expertModule, (void*)p);
+}
+/*
+** End of virtual table implementation.
+*************************************************************************/
+/*
+** Finalize SQL statement pStmt. If (*pRc) is SQLITE_OK when this function
+** is called, set it to the return value of sqlite3_finalize() before
+** returning. Otherwise, discard the sqlite3_finalize() return value.
+*/
+static void idxFinalize(int *pRc, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ) *pRc = rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Attempt to allocate an IdxTable structure corresponding to table zTab
+** in the main database of connection db. If successful, set (*ppOut) to
+** point to the new object and return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise, return an
+** SQLite error code and set (*ppOut) to NULL. In this case *pzErrmsg may be
+** set to point to an error string.
+**
+** It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free either the
+** IdxTable object or error message using sqlite3_free().
+*/
+static int idxGetTableInfo(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database connection to read details from */
+  const char *zTab,               /* Table name */
+  IdxTable **ppOut,               /* OUT: New object (if successful) */
+  char **pzErrmsg                 /* OUT: Error message (if not) */
+){
+  sqlite3_stmt *p1 = 0;
+  int nCol = 0;
+  int nTab = STRLEN(zTab);
+  int nByte = sizeof(IdxTable) + nTab + 1;
+  IdxTable *pNew = 0;
+  int rc, rc2;
+  char *pCsr = 0;
+
+  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(db, &p1, pzErrmsg, "PRAGMA table_info=%Q", zTab);
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(p1) ){
+    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(p1, 1);
+    nByte += 1 + STRLEN(zCol);
+    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
+        db, "main", zTab, zCol, 0, &zCol, 0, 0, 0
+    );
+    nByte += 1 + STRLEN(zCol);
+    nCol++;
+  }
+  rc2 = sqlite3_reset(p1);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
+
+  nByte += sizeof(IdxColumn) * nCol;
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = idxMalloc(&rc, nByte);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew->aCol = (IdxColumn*)&pNew[1];
+    pNew->nCol = nCol;
+    pCsr = (char*)&pNew->aCol[nCol];
+  }
+
+  nCol = 0;
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(p1) ){
+    const char *zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(p1, 1);
+    int nCopy = STRLEN(zCol) + 1;
+    pNew->aCol[nCol].zName = pCsr;
+    pNew->aCol[nCol].iPk = sqlite3_column_int(p1, 5);
+    memcpy(pCsr, zCol, nCopy);
+    pCsr += nCopy;
+
+    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(
+        db, "main", zTab, zCol, 0, &zCol, 0, 0, 0
+    );
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      nCopy = STRLEN(zCol) + 1;
+      pNew->aCol[nCol].zColl = pCsr;
+      memcpy(pCsr, zCol, nCopy);
+      pCsr += nCopy;
+    }
+
+    nCol++;
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, p1);
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_free(pNew);
+    pNew = 0;
+  }else{
+    pNew->zName = pCsr;
+    memcpy(pNew->zName, zTab, nTab+1);
+  }
+
+  *ppOut = pNew;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is a no-op if *pRc is set to anything other than 
+** SQLITE_OK when it is called.
+**
+** If *pRc is initially set to SQLITE_OK, then the text specified by
+** the printf() style arguments is appended to zIn and the result returned
+** in a buffer allocated by sqlite3_malloc(). sqlite3_free() is called on
+** zIn before returning.
+*/
+static char *idxAppendText(int *pRc, char *zIn, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *zAppend = 0;
+  char *zRet = 0;
+  int nIn = zIn ? STRLEN(zIn) : 0;
+  int nAppend = 0;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    zAppend = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( zAppend ){
+      nAppend = STRLEN(zAppend);
+      zRet = (char*)sqlite3_malloc(nIn + nAppend + 1);
+    }
+    if( zAppend && zRet ){
+      if( nIn ) memcpy(zRet, zIn, nIn);
+      memcpy(&zRet[nIn], zAppend, nAppend+1);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(zRet);
+      zRet = 0;
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zAppend);
+    sqlite3_free(zIn);
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if zId must be quoted in order to use it as an SQL
+** identifier, or false otherwise.
+*/
+static int idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(const char *zId){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; zId[i]; i++){
+    if( !(zId[i]=='_')
+     && !(zId[i]>='0' && zId[i]<='9')
+     && !(zId[i]>='a' && zId[i]<='z')
+     && !(zId[i]>='A' && zId[i]<='Z')
+    ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function appends an index column definition suitable for constraint
+** pCons to the string passed as zIn and returns the result.
+*/
+static char *idxAppendColDefn(
+  int *pRc,                       /* IN/OUT: Error code */
+  char *zIn,                      /* Column defn accumulated so far */
+  IdxTable *pTab,                 /* Table index will be created on */
+  IdxConstraint *pCons
+){
+  char *zRet = zIn;
+  IdxColumn *p = &pTab->aCol[pCons->iCol];
+  if( zRet ) zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, ", ");
+
+  if( idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(p->zName) ){
+    zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, "%Q", p->zName);
+  }else{
+    zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, "%s", p->zName);
+  }
+
+  if( sqlite3_stricmp(p->zColl, pCons->zColl) ){
+    if( idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(pCons->zColl) ){
+      zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, " COLLATE %Q", pCons->zColl);
+    }else{
+      zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, " COLLATE %s", pCons->zColl);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( pCons->bDesc ){
+    zRet = idxAppendText(pRc, zRet, " DESC");
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Search database dbm for an index compatible with the one idxCreateFromCons()
+** would create from arguments pScan, pEq and pTail. If no error occurs and 
+** such an index is found, return non-zero. Or, if no such index is found,
+** return zero.
+**
+** If an error occurs, set *pRc to an SQLite error code and return zero.
+*/
+static int idxFindCompatible(
+  int *pRc,                       /* OUT: Error code */
+  sqlite3* dbm,                   /* Database to search */
+  IdxScan *pScan,                 /* Scan for table to search for index on */
+  IdxConstraint *pEq,             /* List of == constraints */
+  IdxConstraint *pTail            /* List of range constraints */
+){
+  const char *zTbl = pScan->pTab->zName;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIdxList = 0;
+  IdxConstraint *pIter;
+  int nEq = 0;                    /* Number of elements in pEq */
+  int rc;
+
+  /* Count the elements in list pEq */
+  for(pIter=pEq; pIter; pIter=pIter->pLink) nEq++;
+
+  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pIdxList, 0, "PRAGMA index_list=%Q", zTbl);
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pIdxList)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    int bMatch = 1;
+    IdxConstraint *pT = pTail;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pInfo = 0;
+    const char *zIdx = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIdxList, 1);
+
+    /* Zero the IdxConstraint.bFlag values in the pEq list */
+    for(pIter=pEq; pIter; pIter=pIter->pLink) pIter->bFlag = 0;
+
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pInfo, 0, "PRAGMA index_xInfo=%Q", zIdx);
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pInfo)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      int iIdx = sqlite3_column_int(pInfo, 0);
+      int iCol = sqlite3_column_int(pInfo, 1);
+      const char *zColl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pInfo, 4);
+
+      if( iIdx<nEq ){
+        for(pIter=pEq; pIter; pIter=pIter->pLink){
+          if( pIter->bFlag ) continue;
+          if( pIter->iCol!=iCol ) continue;
+          if( sqlite3_stricmp(pIter->zColl, zColl) ) continue;
+          pIter->bFlag = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        if( pIter==0 ){
+          bMatch = 0;
+          break;
+        }
+      }else{
+        if( pT ){
+          if( pT->iCol!=iCol || sqlite3_stricmp(pT->zColl, zColl) ){
+            bMatch = 0;
+            break;
+          }
+          pT = pT->pLink;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pInfo);
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bMatch ){
+      sqlite3_finalize(pIdxList);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pIdxList);
+
+  *pRc = rc;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int idxCreateFromCons(
+  sqlite3expert *p,
+  IdxScan *pScan,
+  IdxConstraint *pEq, 
+  IdxConstraint *pTail
+){
+  sqlite3 *dbm = p->dbm;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( (pEq || pTail) && 0==idxFindCompatible(&rc, dbm, pScan, pEq, pTail) ){
+    IdxTable *pTab = pScan->pTab;
+    char *zCols = 0;
+    char *zIdx = 0;
+    IdxConstraint *pCons;
+    unsigned int h = 0;
+    const char *zFmt;
+
+    for(pCons=pEq; pCons; pCons=pCons->pLink){
+      zCols = idxAppendColDefn(&rc, zCols, pTab, pCons);
+    }
+    for(pCons=pTail; pCons; pCons=pCons->pLink){
+      zCols = idxAppendColDefn(&rc, zCols, pTab, pCons);
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* Hash the list of columns to come up with a name for the index */
+      const char *zTable = pScan->pTab->zName;
+      char *zName;                /* Index name */
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; zCols[i]; i++){
+        h += ((h<<3) + zCols[i]);
+      }
+      zName = sqlite3_mprintf("%s_idx_%08x", zTable, h);
+      if( zName==0 ){ 
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        if( idxIdentifierRequiresQuotes(zTable) ){
+          zFmt = "CREATE INDEX '%q' ON %Q(%s)";
+        }else{
+          zFmt = "CREATE INDEX %s ON %s(%s)";
+        }
+        zIdx = sqlite3_mprintf(zFmt, zName, zTable, zCols);
+        if( !zIdx ){
+          rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        }else{
+          rc = sqlite3_exec(dbm, zIdx, 0, 0, p->pzErrmsg);
+          idxHashAdd(&rc, &p->hIdx, zName, zIdx);
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zName);
+        sqlite3_free(zIdx);
+      }
+    }
+
+    sqlite3_free(zCols);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if list pList (linked by IdxConstraint.pLink) contains
+** a constraint compatible with *p. Otherwise return false.
+*/
+static int idxFindConstraint(IdxConstraint *pList, IdxConstraint *p){
+  IdxConstraint *pCmp;
+  for(pCmp=pList; pCmp; pCmp=pCmp->pLink){
+    if( p->iCol==pCmp->iCol ) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static int idxCreateFromWhere(
+  sqlite3expert *p, 
+  IdxScan *pScan,                 /* Create indexes for this scan */
+  IdxConstraint *pTail            /* range/ORDER BY constraints for inclusion */
+){
+  IdxConstraint *p1 = 0;
+  IdxConstraint *pCon;
+  int rc;
+
+  /* Gather up all the == constraints. */
+  for(pCon=pScan->pEq; pCon; pCon=pCon->pNext){
+    if( !idxFindConstraint(p1, pCon) && !idxFindConstraint(pTail, pCon) ){
+      pCon->pLink = p1;
+      p1 = pCon;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* Create an index using the == constraints collected above. And the
+  ** range constraint/ORDER BY terms passed in by the caller, if any. */
+  rc = idxCreateFromCons(p, pScan, p1, pTail);
+
+  /* If no range/ORDER BY passed by the caller, create a version of the
+  ** index for each range constraint.  */
+  if( pTail==0 ){
+    for(pCon=pScan->pRange; rc==SQLITE_OK && pCon; pCon=pCon->pNext){
+      assert( pCon->pLink==0 );
+      if( !idxFindConstraint(p1, pCon) && !idxFindConstraint(pTail, pCon) ){
+        rc = idxCreateFromCons(p, pScan, p1, pCon);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Create candidate indexes in database [dbm] based on the data in 
+** linked-list pScan.
+*/
+static int idxCreateCandidates(sqlite3expert *p){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  IdxScan *pIter;
+
+  for(pIter=p->pScan; pIter && rc==SQLITE_OK; pIter=pIter->pNextScan){
+    rc = idxCreateFromWhere(p, pIter, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter->pOrder ){
+      rc = idxCreateFromWhere(p, pIter, pIter->pOrder);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free all elements of the linked list starting at pConstraint.
+*/
+static void idxConstraintFree(IdxConstraint *pConstraint){
+  IdxConstraint *pNext;
+  IdxConstraint *p;
+
+  for(p=pConstraint; p; p=pNext){
+    pNext = p->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free all elements of the linked list starting from pScan up until pLast
+** (pLast is not freed).
+*/
+static void idxScanFree(IdxScan *pScan, IdxScan *pLast){
+  IdxScan *p;
+  IdxScan *pNext;
+  for(p=pScan; p!=pLast; p=pNext){
+    pNext = p->pNextScan;
+    idxConstraintFree(p->pOrder);
+    idxConstraintFree(p->pEq);
+    idxConstraintFree(p->pRange);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free all elements of the linked list starting from pStatement up 
+** until pLast (pLast is not freed).
+*/
+static void idxStatementFree(IdxStatement *pStatement, IdxStatement *pLast){
+  IdxStatement *p;
+  IdxStatement *pNext;
+  for(p=pStatement; p!=pLast; p=pNext){
+    pNext = p->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(p->zEQP);
+    sqlite3_free(p->zIdx);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free the linked list of IdxTable objects starting at pTab.
+*/
+static void idxTableFree(IdxTable *pTab){
+  IdxTable *pIter;
+  IdxTable *pNext;
+  for(pIter=pTab; pIter; pIter=pNext){
+    pNext = pIter->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(pIter);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Free the linked list of IdxWrite objects starting at pTab.
+*/
+static void idxWriteFree(IdxWrite *pTab){
+  IdxWrite *pIter;
+  IdxWrite *pNext;
+  for(pIter=pTab; pIter; pIter=pNext){
+    pNext = pIter->pNext;
+    sqlite3_free(pIter);
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** This function is called after candidate indexes have been created. It
+** runs all the queries to see which indexes they prefer, and populates
+** IdxStatement.zIdx and IdxStatement.zEQP with the results.
+*/
+int idxFindIndexes(
+  sqlite3expert *p,
+  char **pzErr                         /* OUT: Error message (sqlite3_malloc) */
+){
+  IdxStatement *pStmt;
+  sqlite3 *dbm = p->dbm;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  IdxHash hIdx;
+  idxHashInit(&hIdx);
+
+  for(pStmt=p->pStatement; rc==SQLITE_OK && pStmt; pStmt=pStmt->pNext){
+    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pExplain = 0;
+    idxHashClear(&hIdx);
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(dbm, &pExplain, pzErr,
+        "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN %s", pStmt->zSql
+    );
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && sqlite3_step(pExplain)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      int iSelectid = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 0);
+      int iOrder = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 1);
+      int iFrom = sqlite3_column_int(pExplain, 2);
+      const char *zDetail = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pExplain, 3);
+      int nDetail = STRLEN(zDetail);
+      int i;
+
+      for(i=0; i<nDetail; i++){
+        const char *zIdx = 0;
+        if( memcmp(&zDetail[i], " USING INDEX ", 13)==0 ){
+          zIdx = &zDetail[i+13];
+        }else if( memcmp(&zDetail[i], " USING COVERING INDEX ", 22)==0 ){
+          zIdx = &zDetail[i+22];
+        }
+        if( zIdx ){
+          const char *zSql;
+          int nIdx = 0;
+          while( zIdx[nIdx]!='\0' && (zIdx[nIdx]!=' ' || zIdx[nIdx+1]!='(') ){
+            nIdx++;
+          }
+          zSql = idxHashSearch(&p->hIdx, zIdx, nIdx);
+          if( zSql ){
+            idxHashAdd(&rc, &hIdx, zSql, 0);
+            if( rc ) goto find_indexes_out;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      pStmt->zEQP = idxAppendText(&rc, pStmt->zEQP, "%d|%d|%d|%s\n", 
+          iSelectid, iOrder, iFrom, zDetail
+      );
+    }
+
+    for(pEntry=hIdx.pFirst; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pNext){
+      pStmt->zIdx = idxAppendText(&rc, pStmt->zIdx, "%s;\n", pEntry->zKey);
+    }
+
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pExplain);
+  }
+
+ find_indexes_out:
+  idxHashClear(&hIdx);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxAuthCallback(
+  void *pCtx,
+  int eOp,
+  const char *z3,
+  const char *z4,
+  const char *zDb,
+  const char *zTrigger
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  (void)z4;
+  (void)zTrigger;
+  if( eOp==SQLITE_INSERT || eOp==SQLITE_UPDATE || eOp==SQLITE_DELETE ){
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDb, "main")==0 ){
+      sqlite3expert *p = (sqlite3expert*)pCtx;
+      IdxTable *pTab;
+      for(pTab=p->pTable; pTab; pTab=pTab->pNext){
+        if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(z3, pTab->zName) ) break;
+      }
+      if( pTab ){
+        IdxWrite *pWrite;
+        for(pWrite=p->pWrite; pWrite; pWrite=pWrite->pNext){
+          if( pWrite->pTab==pTab && pWrite->eOp==eOp ) break;
+        }
+        if( pWrite==0 ){
+          pWrite = idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(IdxWrite));
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            pWrite->pTab = pTab;
+            pWrite->eOp = eOp;
+            pWrite->pNext = p->pWrite;
+            p->pWrite = pWrite;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxProcessOneTrigger(
+  sqlite3expert *p, 
+  IdxWrite *pWrite, 
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  static const char *zInt = UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME;
+  static const char *zDrop = "DROP TABLE " UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME;
+  IdxTable *pTab = pWrite->pTab;
+  const char *zTab = pTab->zName;
+  const char *zSql = 
+    "SELECT 'CREATE TEMP' || substr(sql, 7) FROM sqlite_master "
+    "WHERE tbl_name = %Q AND type IN ('table', 'trigger') "
+    "ORDER BY type;";
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSelect = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zWrite = 0;
+
+  /* Create the table and its triggers in the temp schema */
+  rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(p->db, &pSelect, pzErr, zSql, zTab, zTab);
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSelect) ){
+    const char *zCreate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSelect, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zCreate, 0, 0, pzErr);
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pSelect);
+
+  /* Rename the table in the temp schema to zInt */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("ALTER TABLE temp.%Q RENAME TO %Q", zTab, zInt);
+    if( z==0 ){
+      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, z, 0, 0, pzErr);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
+    }
+  }
+
+  switch( pWrite->eOp ){
+    case SQLITE_INSERT: {
+      int i;
+      zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "INSERT INTO %Q VALUES(", zInt);
+      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+        zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "%s?", i==0 ? "" : ", ");
+      }
+      zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, ")");
+      break;
+    }
+    case SQLITE_UPDATE: {
+      int i;
+      zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "UPDATE %Q SET ", zInt);
+      for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+        zWrite = idxAppendText(&rc, zWrite, "%s%Q=?", i==0 ? "" : ", ", 
+            pTab->aCol[i].zName
+        );
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      assert( pWrite->eOp==SQLITE_DELETE );
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        zWrite = sqlite3_mprintf("DELETE FROM %Q", zInt);
+        if( zWrite==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pX = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->dbv, zWrite, -1, &pX, 0);
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pX);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      idxDatabaseError(p->dbv, pzErr);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zWrite);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zDrop, 0, 0, pzErr);
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxProcessTriggers(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  IdxWrite *pEnd = 0;
+  IdxWrite *pFirst = p->pWrite;
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && pFirst!=pEnd ){
+    IdxWrite *pIter;
+    for(pIter=pFirst; rc==SQLITE_OK && pIter!=pEnd; pIter=pIter->pNext){
+      rc = idxProcessOneTrigger(p, pIter, pzErr);
+    }
+    pEnd = pFirst;
+    pFirst = p->pWrite;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+static int idxCreateVtabSchema(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErrmsg){
+  int rc = idxRegisterVtab(p);
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSchema = 0;
+
+  /* For each table in the main db schema:
+  **
+  **   1) Add an entry to the p->pTable list, and
+  **   2) Create the equivalent virtual table in dbv.
+  */
+  rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->db, &pSchema, pzErrmsg,
+      "SELECT type, name, sql, 1 FROM sqlite_master "
+      "WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%' "
+      " UNION ALL "
+      "SELECT type, name, sql, 2 FROM sqlite_master "
+      "WHERE type = 'trigger'"
+      "  AND tbl_name IN(SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'view') "
+      "ORDER BY 4, 1"
+  );
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSchema) ){
+    const char *zType = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSchema, 0);
+    const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSchema, 1);
+    const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSchema, 2);
+
+    if( zType[0]=='v' || zType[1]=='r' ){
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zSql, 0, 0, pzErrmsg);
+    }else{
+      IdxTable *pTab;
+      rc = idxGetTableInfo(p->db, zName, &pTab, pzErrmsg);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        int i;
+        char *zInner = 0;
+        char *zOuter = 0;
+        pTab->pNext = p->pTable;
+        p->pTable = pTab;
+
+        /* The statement the vtab will pass to sqlite3_declare_vtab() */
+        zInner = idxAppendText(&rc, 0, "CREATE TABLE x(");
+        for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
+          zInner = idxAppendText(&rc, zInner, "%s%Q COLLATE %s", 
+              (i==0 ? "" : ", "), pTab->aCol[i].zName, pTab->aCol[i].zColl
+          );
+        }
+        zInner = idxAppendText(&rc, zInner, ")");
+
+        /* The CVT statement to create the vtab */
+        zOuter = idxAppendText(&rc, 0, 
+            "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE %Q USING expert(%Q)", zName, zInner
+        );
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zOuter, 0, 0, pzErrmsg);
+        }
+        sqlite3_free(zInner);
+        sqlite3_free(zOuter);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pSchema);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+struct IdxSampleCtx {
+  int iTarget;
+  double target;                  /* Target nRet/nRow value */
+  double nRow;                    /* Number of rows seen */
+  double nRet;                    /* Number of rows returned */
+};
+
+static void idxSampleFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  struct IdxSampleCtx *p = (struct IdxSampleCtx*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
+  int bRet;
+
+  (void)argv;
+  assert( argc==0 );
+  if( p->nRow==0.0 ){
+    bRet = 1;
+  }else{
+    bRet = (p->nRet / p->nRow) <= p->target;
+    if( bRet==0 ){
+      unsigned short rnd;
+      sqlite3_randomness(2, (void*)&rnd);
+      bRet = ((int)rnd % 100) <= p->iTarget;
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, bRet);
+  p->nRow += 1.0;
+  p->nRet += (double)bRet;
+}
+
+struct IdxRemCtx {
+  int nSlot;
+  struct IdxRemSlot {
+    int eType;                    /* SQLITE_NULL, INTEGER, REAL, TEXT, BLOB */
+    i64 iVal;                     /* SQLITE_INTEGER value */
+    double rVal;                  /* SQLITE_FLOAT value */
+    int nByte;                    /* Bytes of space allocated at z */
+    int n;                        /* Size of buffer z */
+    char *z;                      /* SQLITE_TEXT/BLOB value */
+  } aSlot[1];
+};
+
+/*
+** Implementation of scalar function rem().
+*/
+static void idxRemFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  struct IdxRemCtx *p = (struct IdxRemCtx*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
+  struct IdxRemSlot *pSlot;
+  int iSlot;
+  assert( argc==2 );
+
+  iSlot = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  assert( iSlot<=p->nSlot );
+  pSlot = &p->aSlot[iSlot];
+
+  switch( pSlot->eType ){
+    case SQLITE_NULL:
+      /* no-op */
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, pSlot->iVal);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, pSlot->rVal);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_BLOB:
+      sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, pSlot->z, pSlot->n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_TEXT:
+      sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pSlot->z, pSlot->n, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+  }
+
+  pSlot->eType = sqlite3_value_type(argv[1]);
+  switch( pSlot->eType ){
+    case SQLITE_NULL:
+      /* no-op */
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
+      pSlot->iVal = sqlite3_value_int64(argv[1]);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_FLOAT:
+      pSlot->rVal = sqlite3_value_double(argv[1]);
+      break;
+
+    case SQLITE_BLOB:
+    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
+      int nByte = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
+      if( nByte>pSlot->nByte ){
+        char *zNew = (char*)sqlite3_realloc(pSlot->z, nByte*2);
+        if( zNew==0 ){
+          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
+          return;
+        }
+        pSlot->nByte = nByte*2;
+        pSlot->z = zNew;
+      }
+      pSlot->n = nByte;
+      if( pSlot->eType==SQLITE_BLOB ){
+        memcpy(pSlot->z, sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]), nByte);
+      }else{
+        memcpy(pSlot->z, sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]), nByte);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static int idxLargestIndex(sqlite3 *db, int *pnMax, char **pzErr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  const char *zMax = 
+    "SELECT max(i.seqno) FROM "
+    "  sqlite_master AS s, "
+    "  pragma_index_list(s.name) AS l, "
+    "  pragma_index_info(l.name) AS i "
+    "WHERE s.type = 'table'";
+  sqlite3_stmt *pMax = 0;
+
+  *pnMax = 0;
+  rc = idxPrepareStmt(db, &pMax, pzErr, zMax);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pMax) ){
+    *pnMax = sqlite3_column_int(pMax, 0) + 1;
+  }
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pMax);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxPopulateOneStat1(
+  sqlite3expert *p,
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIndexXInfo,
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWriteStat,
+  const char *zTab,
+  const char *zIdx,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  char *zCols = 0;
+  char *zOrder = 0;
+  char *zQuery = 0;
+  int nCol = 0;
+  int i;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pQuery = 0;
+  int *aStat = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  assert( p->iSample>0 );
+
+  /* Formulate the query text */
+  sqlite3_bind_text(pIndexXInfo, 1, zIdx, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  while( SQLITE_OK==rc && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pIndexXInfo) ){
+    const char *zComma = zCols==0 ? "" : ", ";
+    const char *zName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIndexXInfo, 0);
+    const char *zColl = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pIndexXInfo, 1);
+    zCols = idxAppendText(&rc, zCols, 
+        "%sx.%Q IS rem(%d, x.%Q) COLLATE %s", zComma, zName, nCol, zName, zColl
+    );
+    zOrder = idxAppendText(&rc, zOrder, "%s%d", zComma, ++nCol);
+  }
+  sqlite3_reset(pIndexXInfo);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( p->iSample==100 ){
+      zQuery = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT %s FROM %Q x ORDER BY %s", zCols, zTab, zOrder
+      );
+    }else{
+      zQuery = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT %s FROM temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME" x ORDER BY %s", zCols, zOrder
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zCols);
+  sqlite3_free(zOrder);
+
+  /* Formulate the query text */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3 *dbrem = (p->iSample==100 ? p->db : p->dbv);
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(dbrem, &pQuery, pzErr, zQuery);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zQuery);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    aStat = (int*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(int)*(nCol+1));
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pQuery) ){
+    IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+    char *zStat = 0;
+    for(i=0; i<=nCol; i++) aStat[i] = 1;
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pQuery) ){
+      aStat[0]++;
+      for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+        if( sqlite3_column_int(pQuery, i)==0 ) break;
+      }
+      for(/*no-op*/; i<nCol; i++){
+        aStat[i+1]++;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int s0 = aStat[0];
+      zStat = sqlite3_mprintf("%d", s0);
+      if( zStat==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      for(i=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<=nCol; i++){
+        zStat = idxAppendText(&rc, zStat, " %d", (s0+aStat[i]/2) / aStat[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pWriteStat, 1, zTab, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pWriteStat, 2, zIdx, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pWriteStat, 3, zStat, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      sqlite3_step(pWriteStat);
+      rc = sqlite3_reset(pWriteStat);
+    }
+
+    pEntry = idxHashFind(&p->hIdx, zIdx, STRLEN(zIdx));
+    if( pEntry ){
+      assert( pEntry->zVal2==0 );
+      pEntry->zVal2 = zStat;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(zStat);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(aStat);
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pQuery);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int idxBuildSampleTable(sqlite3expert *p, const char *zTab){
+  int rc;
+  char *zSql;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv,"DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME,0,0,0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+      "CREATE TABLE temp." UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME " AS SELECT * FROM %Q", zTab
+  );
+  if( zSql==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called as part of sqlite3_expert_analyze(). Candidate
+** indexes have already been created in database sqlite3expert.dbm, this
+** function populates sqlite_stat1 table in the same database.
+**
+** The stat1 data is generated by querying the 
+*/
+static int idxPopulateStat1(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int nMax =0;
+  struct IdxRemCtx *pCtx = 0;
+  struct IdxSampleCtx samplectx; 
+  int i;
+  i64 iPrev = -100000;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pAllIndex = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pIndexXInfo = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pWrite = 0;
+
+  const char *zAllIndex =
+    "SELECT s.rowid, s.name, l.name FROM "
+    "  sqlite_master AS s, "
+    "  pragma_index_list(s.name) AS l "
+    "WHERE s.type = 'table'";
+  const char *zIndexXInfo = 
+    "SELECT name, coll FROM pragma_index_xinfo(?) WHERE key";
+  const char *zWrite = "INSERT INTO sqlite_stat1 VALUES(?, ?, ?)";
+
+  /* If iSample==0, no sqlite_stat1 data is required. */
+  if( p->iSample==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+
+  rc = idxLargestIndex(p->dbm, &nMax, pzErr);
+  if( nMax<=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbm, "ANALYZE; PRAGMA writable_schema=1", 0, 0, 0);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int nByte = sizeof(struct IdxRemCtx) + (sizeof(struct IdxRemSlot) * nMax);
+    pCtx = (struct IdxRemCtx*)idxMalloc(&rc, nByte);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3 *dbrem = (p->iSample==100 ? p->db : p->dbv);
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
+        dbrem, "rem", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)pCtx, idxRemFunc, 0, 0
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(
+        p->db, "sample", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)&samplectx, idxSampleFunc, 0, 0
+    );
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pCtx->nSlot = nMax+1;
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->dbm, &pAllIndex, pzErr, zAllIndex);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->dbm, &pIndexXInfo, pzErr, zIndexXInfo);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPrepareStmt(p->dbm, &pWrite, pzErr, zWrite);
+  }
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pAllIndex) ){
+    i64 iRowid = sqlite3_column_int64(pAllIndex, 0);
+    const char *zTab = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pAllIndex, 1);
+    const char *zIdx = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pAllIndex, 2);
+    if( p->iSample<100 && iPrev!=iRowid ){
+      samplectx.target = (double)p->iSample / 100.0;
+      samplectx.iTarget = p->iSample;
+      samplectx.nRow = 0.0;
+      samplectx.nRet = 0.0;
+      rc = idxBuildSampleTable(p, zTab);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    }
+    rc = idxPopulateOneStat1(p, pIndexXInfo, pWrite, zTab, zIdx, pzErr);
+    iPrev = iRowid;
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && p->iSample<100 ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbv, 
+        "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp." UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME, 0,0,0
+    );
+  }
+
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pAllIndex);
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pIndexXInfo);
+  idxFinalize(&rc, pWrite);
+
+  for(i=0; i<pCtx->nSlot; i++){
+    sqlite3_free(pCtx->aSlot[i].z);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(pCtx);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(p->dbm, "ANALYZE sqlite_master", 0, 0, 0);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_exec(p->db, "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS temp."UNIQUE_TABLE_NAME,0,0,0);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate a new sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+sqlite3expert *sqlite3_expert_new(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrmsg){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3expert *pNew;
+
+  pNew = (sqlite3expert*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(sqlite3expert));
+
+  /* Open two in-memory databases to work with. The "vtab database" (dbv)
+  ** will contain a virtual table corresponding to each real table in
+  ** the user database schema, and a copy of each view. It is used to
+  ** collect information regarding the WHERE, ORDER BY and other clauses
+  ** of the user's query.
+  */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew->db = db;
+    pNew->iSample = 100;
+    rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &pNew->dbv);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &pNew->dbm);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_db_config(pNew->dbm, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, 1, (int*)0);
+    }
+  }
+  
+
+  /* Copy the entire schema of database [db] into [dbm]. */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pSql;
+    rc = idxPrintfPrepareStmt(pNew->db, &pSql, pzErrmsg, 
+        "SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
+        " AND sql NOT LIKE 'CREATE VIRTUAL %%'"
+    );
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
+      const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_exec(pNew->dbm, zSql, 0, 0, pzErrmsg);
+    }
+    idxFinalize(&rc, pSql);
+  }
+
+  /* Create the vtab schema */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxCreateVtabSchema(pNew, pzErrmsg);
+  }
+
+  /* Register the auth callback with dbv */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_set_authorizer(pNew->dbv, idxAuthCallback, (void*)pNew);
+  }
+
+  /* If an error has occurred, free the new object and reutrn NULL. Otherwise,
+  ** return the new sqlite3expert handle.  */
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_expert_destroy(pNew);
+    pNew = 0;
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+/*
+** Configure an sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_config(sqlite3expert *p, int op, ...){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, op);
+  switch( op ){
+    case EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE: {
+      int iVal = va_arg(ap, int);
+      if( iVal<0 ) iVal = 0;
+      if( iVal>100 ) iVal = 100;
+      p->iSample = iVal;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      rc = SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  va_end(ap);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add an SQL statement to the analysis.
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_sql(
+  sqlite3expert *p,               /* From sqlite3_expert_new() */
+  const char *zSql,               /* SQL statement to add */
+  char **pzErr                    /* OUT: Error message (if any) */
+){
+  IdxScan *pScanOrig = p->pScan;
+  IdxStatement *pStmtOrig = p->pStatement;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  const char *zStmt = zSql;
+
+  if( p->bRun ) return SQLITE_MISUSE;
+
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && zStmt && zStmt[0] ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->dbv, zStmt, -1, &pStmt, &zStmt);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( pStmt ){
+        IdxStatement *pNew;
+        const char *z = sqlite3_sql(pStmt);
+        int n = STRLEN(z);
+        pNew = (IdxStatement*)idxMalloc(&rc, sizeof(IdxStatement) + n+1);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+          pNew->zSql = (char*)&pNew[1];
+          memcpy(pNew->zSql, z, n+1);
+          pNew->pNext = p->pStatement;
+          if( p->pStatement ) pNew->iId = p->pStatement->iId+1;
+          p->pStatement = pNew;
+        }
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+      }
+    }else{
+      idxDatabaseError(p->dbv, pzErr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    idxScanFree(p->pScan, pScanOrig);
+    idxStatementFree(p->pStatement, pStmtOrig);
+    p->pScan = pScanOrig;
+    p->pStatement = pStmtOrig;
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+
+int sqlite3_expert_analyze(sqlite3expert *p, char **pzErr){
+  int rc;
+  IdxHashEntry *pEntry;
+
+  /* Do trigger processing to collect any extra IdxScan structures */
+  rc = idxProcessTriggers(p, pzErr);
+
+  /* Create candidate indexes within the in-memory database file */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxCreateCandidates(p);
+  }
+
+  /* Generate the stat1 data */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxPopulateStat1(p, pzErr);
+  }
+
+  /* Formulate the EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES text */
+  for(pEntry=p->hIdx.pFirst; pEntry; pEntry=pEntry->pNext){
+    p->zCandidates = idxAppendText(&rc, p->zCandidates, 
+        "%s;%s%s\n", pEntry->zVal, 
+        pEntry->zVal2 ? " -- stat1: " : "", pEntry->zVal2
+    );
+  }
+
+  /* Figure out which of the candidate indexes are preferred by the query
+  ** planner and report the results to the user.  */
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = idxFindIndexes(p, pzErr);
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    p->bRun = 1;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the total number of statements that have been added to this
+** sqlite3expert using sqlite3_expert_sql().
+*/
+int sqlite3_expert_count(sqlite3expert *p){
+  int nRet = 0;
+  if( p->pStatement ) nRet = p->pStatement->iId+1;
+  return nRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return a component of the report.
+*/
+const char *sqlite3_expert_report(sqlite3expert *p, int iStmt, int eReport){
+  const char *zRet = 0;
+  IdxStatement *pStmt;
+
+  if( p->bRun==0 ) return 0;
+  for(pStmt=p->pStatement; pStmt && pStmt->iId!=iStmt; pStmt=pStmt->pNext);
+  switch( eReport ){
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_SQL:
+      if( pStmt ) zRet = pStmt->zSql;
+      break;
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES:
+      if( pStmt ) zRet = pStmt->zIdx;
+      break;
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN:
+      if( pStmt ) zRet = pStmt->zEQP;
+      break;
+    case EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES:
+      zRet = p->zCandidates;
+      break;
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free an sqlite3expert object.
+*/
+void sqlite3_expert_destroy(sqlite3expert *p){
+  if( p ){
+    sqlite3_close(p->dbm);
+    sqlite3_close(p->dbv);
+    idxScanFree(p->pScan, 0);
+    idxStatementFree(p->pStatement, 0);
+    idxTableFree(p->pTable);
+    idxWriteFree(p->pWrite);
+    idxHashClear(&p->hIdx);
+    sqlite3_free(p->zCandidates);
+    sqlite3_free(p);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUAL_TABLE */
+
+/************************* End ../ext/expert/sqlite3expert.c ********************/
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
 /*
@@ -1394,6 +7911,12 @@
   int colWidth[100];  /* Column widths prior to ".explain on" */
 };
 
+typedef struct ExpertInfo ExpertInfo;
+struct ExpertInfo {
+  sqlite3expert *pExpert;
+  int bVerbose;
+};
+
 /*
 ** State information about the database connection is contained in an
 ** instance of the following structure.
@@ -1401,16 +7924,19 @@
 typedef struct ShellState ShellState;
 struct ShellState {
   sqlite3 *db;           /* The database */
-  int autoExplain;       /* Automatically turn on .explain mode */
-  int autoEQP;           /* Run EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prior to seach SQL stmt */
-  int statsOn;           /* True to display memory stats before each finalize */
-  int scanstatsOn;       /* True to display scan stats before each finalize */
+  u8 autoExplain;        /* Automatically turn on .explain mode */
+  u8 autoEQP;            /* Run EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN prior to seach SQL stmt */
+  u8 statsOn;            /* True to display memory stats before each finalize */
+  u8 scanstatsOn;        /* True to display scan stats before each finalize */
+  u8 openMode;           /* SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL, _APPENDVFS, or _ZIPFILE */
+  u8 doXdgOpen;          /* Invoke start/open/xdg-open in output_reset() */
   int outCount;          /* Revert to stdout when reaching zero */
   int cnt;               /* Number of records displayed so far */
   FILE *out;             /* Write results here */
   FILE *traceOut;        /* Output for sqlite3_trace() */
   int nErr;              /* Number of errors seen */
   int mode;              /* An output mode setting */
+  int modePrior;         /* Saved mode */
   int cMode;             /* temporary output mode for the current query */
   int normalMode;        /* Output mode before ".explain on" */
   int writableSchema;    /* True if PRAGMA writable_schema=ON */
@@ -1418,9 +7944,12 @@
   int nCheck;            /* Number of ".check" commands run */
   unsigned shellFlgs;    /* Various flags */
   char *zDestTable;      /* Name of destination table when MODE_Insert */
+  char *zTempFile;       /* Temporary file that might need deleting */
   char zTestcase[30];    /* Name of current test case */
   char colSeparator[20]; /* Column separator character for several modes */
   char rowSeparator[20]; /* Row separator character for MODE_Ascii */
+  char colSepPrior[20];  /* Saved column separator */
+  char rowSepPrior[20];  /* Saved row separator */
   int colWidth[100];     /* Requested width of each column when in column mode*/
   int actualWidth[100];  /* Actual width of each column */
   char nullValue[20];    /* The text to print when a NULL comes back from
@@ -1438,16 +7967,32 @@
   int nSession;             /* Number of active sessions */
   OpenSession aSession[4];  /* Array of sessions.  [0] is in focus. */
 #endif
+  ExpertInfo expert;        /* Valid if previous command was ".expert OPT..." */
 };
 
+
+/* Allowed values for ShellState.autoEQP
+*/
+#define AUTOEQP_off      0
+#define AUTOEQP_on       1
+#define AUTOEQP_trigger  2
+#define AUTOEQP_full     3
+
+/* Allowed values for ShellState.openMode
+*/
+#define SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC     0      /* No open-mode specified */
+#define SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL     1      /* Normal database file */
+#define SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS  2      /* Use appendvfs */
+#define SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE    3      /* Use the zipfile virtual table */
+
 /*
 ** These are the allowed shellFlgs values
 */
-#define SHFLG_Scratch        0x00000001 /* The --scratch option is used */
-#define SHFLG_Pagecache      0x00000002 /* The --pagecache option is used */
-#define SHFLG_Lookaside      0x00000004 /* Lookaside memory is used */
-#define SHFLG_Backslash      0x00000008 /* The --backslash option is used */
-#define SHFLG_PreserveRowid  0x00000010 /* .dump preserves rowid values */
+#define SHFLG_Pagecache      0x00000001 /* The --pagecache option is used */
+#define SHFLG_Lookaside      0x00000002 /* Lookaside memory is used */
+#define SHFLG_Backslash      0x00000004 /* The --backslash option is used */
+#define SHFLG_PreserveRowid  0x00000008 /* .dump preserves rowid values */
+#define SHFLG_Newlines       0x00000010 /* .dump --newline flag */
 #define SHFLG_CountChanges   0x00000020 /* .changes setting */
 #define SHFLG_Echo           0x00000040 /* .echo or --echo setting */
 
@@ -1503,11 +8048,6 @@
 #define SEP_Record    "\x1E"
 
 /*
-** Number of elements in an array
-*/
-#define ArraySize(X)  (int)(sizeof(X)/sizeof(X[0]))
-
-/*
 ** A callback for the sqlite3_log() interface.
 */
 static void shellLog(void *pArg, int iErrCode, const char *zMsg){
@@ -1518,6 +8058,163 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** SQL function:  shell_putsnl(X)
+**
+** Write the text X to the screen (or whatever output is being directed)
+** adding a newline at the end, and then return X.
+*/
+static void shellPutsFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
+  sqlite3_value **apVal
+){
+  ShellState *p = (ShellState*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
+  (void)nVal;
+  utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]));
+  sqlite3_result_value(pCtx, apVal[0]);
+}
+
+/*
+** SQL function:   edit(VALUE)
+**                 edit(VALUE,EDITOR)
+**
+** These steps:
+**
+**     (1) Write VALUE into a temporary file.
+**     (2) Run program EDITOR on that temporary file.
+**     (3) Read the temporary file back and return its content as the result.
+**     (4) Delete the temporary file
+**
+** If the EDITOR argument is omitted, use the value in the VISUAL
+** environment variable.  If still there is no EDITOR, through an error.
+**
+** Also throw an error if the EDITOR program returns a non-zero exit code.
+*/
+static void editFunc(
+  sqlite3_context *context,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  const char *zEditor;
+  char *zTempFile = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  char *zCmd = 0;
+  int bBin;
+  int rc;
+  FILE *f = 0;
+  sqlite3_int64 sz;
+  sqlite3_int64 x;
+  unsigned char *p = 0;
+
+  if( argc==2 ){
+    zEditor = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
+  }else{
+    zEditor = getenv("VISUAL");
+  }
+  if( zEditor==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "no editor for edit()", -1);
+    return;
+  }
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "NULL input to edit()", -1);
+    return;
+  }
+  db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(context);
+  zTempFile = 0;
+  sqlite3_file_control(db, 0, SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME, &zTempFile);
+  if( zTempFile==0 ){
+    sqlite3_uint64 r = 0;
+    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(r), &r);
+    zTempFile = sqlite3_mprintf("temp%llx", r);
+    if( zTempFile==0 ){
+      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  bBin = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0])==SQLITE_BLOB;
+  f = fopen(zTempFile, bBin ? "wb" : "w");
+  if( f==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "edit() cannot open temp file", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  sz = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
+  if( bBin ){
+    x = fwrite(sqlite3_value_blob(argv[0]), 1, sz, f);
+  }else{
+    x = fwrite(sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]), 1, sz, f);
+  }
+  fclose(f);
+  f = 0;
+  if( x!=sz ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "edit() could not write the whole file", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf("%s \"%s\"", zEditor, zTempFile);
+  if( zCmd==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  rc = system(zCmd);
+  sqlite3_free(zCmd);
+  if( rc ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "EDITOR returned non-zero", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  f = fopen(zTempFile, bBin ? "rb" : "r");
+  if( f==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context,
+      "edit() cannot reopen temp file after edit", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+  sz = ftell(f);
+  rewind(f);
+  p = sqlite3_malloc64( sz+(bBin==0) );
+  if( p==0 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(context);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  if( bBin ){
+    x = fread(p, 1, sz, f);
+  }else{
+    x = fread(p, 1, sz, f);
+    p[sz] = 0;
+  }
+  fclose(f);
+  f = 0;
+  if( x!=sz ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(context, "could not read back the whole file", -1);
+    goto edit_func_end;
+  }
+  if( bBin ){
+    sqlite3_result_blob(context, p, sz, sqlite3_free);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_result_text(context, (const char*)p, sz, sqlite3_free);
+  }
+  p = 0;
+
+edit_func_end:
+  if( f ) fclose(f);
+  unlink(zTempFile);
+  sqlite3_free(zTempFile);
+  sqlite3_free(p);
+}
+
+/*
+** Save or restore the current output mode
+*/
+static void outputModePush(ShellState *p){
+  p->modePrior = p->mode;
+  memcpy(p->colSepPrior, p->colSeparator, sizeof(p->colSeparator));
+  memcpy(p->rowSepPrior, p->rowSeparator, sizeof(p->rowSeparator));
+}
+static void outputModePop(ShellState *p){
+  p->mode = p->modePrior;
+  memcpy(p->colSeparator, p->colSepPrior, sizeof(p->colSeparator));
+  memcpy(p->rowSeparator, p->rowSepPrior, sizeof(p->rowSeparator));
+}
+
+/*
 ** Output the given string as a hex-encoded blob (eg. X'1234' )
 */
 static void output_hex_blob(FILE *out, const void *pBlob, int nBlob){
@@ -1762,12 +8459,9 @@
       }
     }
     if( i==0 ){
-      putc('"', out);
-      for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
-        if( z[i]=='"' ) putc('"', out);
-        putc(z[i], out);
-      }
-      putc('"', out);
+      char *zQuoted = sqlite3_mprintf("\"%w\"", z);
+      utf8_printf(out, "%s", zQuoted);
+      sqlite3_free(zQuoted);
     }else{
       utf8_printf(out, "%s", z);
     }
@@ -1777,7 +8471,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef SIGINT
 /*
 ** This routine runs when the user presses Ctrl-C
 */
@@ -1787,6 +8480,20 @@
   if( seenInterrupt>2 ) exit(1);
   if( globalDb ) sqlite3_interrupt(globalDb);
 }
+
+#if (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+/*
+** This routine runs for console events (e.g. Ctrl-C) on Win32
+*/
+static BOOL WINAPI ConsoleCtrlHandler(
+  DWORD dwCtrlType /* One of the CTRL_*_EVENT constants */
+){
+  if( dwCtrlType==CTRL_C_EVENT ){
+    interrupt_handler(0);
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
@@ -1857,6 +8564,22 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return true if string z[] has nothing but whitespace and comments to the
+** end of the first line.
+*/
+static int wsToEol(const char *z){
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
+    if( z[i]=='\n' ) return 1;
+    if( IsSpace(z[i]) ) continue;
+    if( z[i]=='-' && z[i+1]=='-' ) return 1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+    
+
+/*
 ** This is the callback routine that the shell
 ** invokes for each row of a query result.
 */
@@ -1870,6 +8593,7 @@
   int i;
   ShellState *p = (ShellState*)pArg;
 
+  if( azArg==0 ) return 0;
   switch( p->cMode ){
     case MODE_Line: {
       int w = 5;
@@ -1909,9 +8633,9 @@
             w = 0;
           }
           if( w==0 ){
-            w = strlen30(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
+            w = strlenChar(azCol[i] ? azCol[i] : "");
             if( w<10 ) w = 10;
-            n = strlen30(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
+            n = strlenChar(azArg && azArg[i] ? azArg[i] : p->nullValue);
             if( w<n ) w = n;
           }
           if( i<ArraySize(p->actualWidth) ){
@@ -1946,8 +8670,8 @@
         }else{
            w = 10;
         }
-        if( p->cMode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && strlen30(azArg[i])>w ){
-          w = strlen30(azArg[i]);
+        if( p->cMode==MODE_Explain && azArg[i] && strlenChar(azArg[i])>w ){
+          w = strlenChar(azArg[i]);
         }
         if( i==1 && p->aiIndent && p->pStmt ){
           if( p->iIndent<p->nIndent ){
@@ -1984,6 +8708,7 @@
       for(i=0; IsSpace(z[i]); i++){}
       for(; (c = z[i])!=0; i++){
         if( IsSpace(c) ){
+          if( z[j-1]=='\r' ) z[j-1] = '\n';
           if( IsSpace(z[j-1]) || z[j-1]=='(' ) continue;
         }else if( (c=='(' || c==')') && j>0 && IsSpace(z[j-1]) ){
           j--;
@@ -1993,13 +8718,15 @@
       while( j>0 && IsSpace(z[j-1]) ){ j--; }
       z[j] = 0;
       if( strlen30(z)>=79 ){
-        for(i=j=0; (c = z[i])!=0; i++){
+        for(i=j=0; (c = z[i])!=0; i++){  /* Copy changes from z[i] back to z[j] */
           if( c==cEnd ){
             cEnd = 0;
           }else if( c=='"' || c=='\'' || c=='`' ){
             cEnd = c;
           }else if( c=='[' ){
             cEnd = ']';
+          }else if( c=='-' && z[i+1]=='-' ){
+            cEnd = '\n';
           }else if( c=='(' ){
             nParen++;
           }else if( c==')' ){
@@ -2010,7 +8737,9 @@
             }
           }
           z[j++] = c;
-          if( nParen==1 && (c=='(' || c==',' || c=='\n') ){
+          if( nParen==1 && cEnd==0
+           && (c=='(' || c=='\n' || (c==',' && !wsToEol(z+i+1)))
+          ){
             if( c=='\n' ) j--;
             printSchemaLineN(p->out, z, j, "\n  ");
             j = 0;
@@ -2120,7 +8849,11 @@
         if( (azArg[i]==0) || (aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_NULL) ){
           utf8_printf(p->out,"NULL");
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-          output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+          if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines) ){
+            output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+          }else{
+            output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
+          }
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_INTEGER ){
           utf8_printf(p->out,"%s", azArg[i]);
         }else if( aiType && aiType[i]==SQLITE_FLOAT ){
@@ -2134,6 +8867,8 @@
           output_hex_blob(p->out, pBlob, nBlob);
         }else if( isNumber(azArg[i], 0) ){
           utf8_printf(p->out,"%s", azArg[i]);
+        }else if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines) ){
+          output_quoted_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }else{
           output_quoted_escaped_string(p->out, azArg[i]);
         }
@@ -2214,6 +8949,7 @@
   ShellText *p = (ShellText*)pArg;
   int i;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(az);
+  if( azArg==0 ) return 0;
   if( p->n ) appendText(p, "|", 0);
   for(i=0; i<nArg; i++){
     if( i ) appendText(p, ",", 0);
@@ -2278,7 +9014,7 @@
 */
 static void set_table_name(ShellState *p, const char *zName){
   int i, n;
-  int cQuote;
+  char cQuote;
   char *z;
 
   if( p->zDestTable ){
@@ -2288,7 +9024,7 @@
   if( zName==0 ) return;
   cQuote = quoteChar(zName);
   n = strlen30(zName);
-  if( cQuote ) n += 2;
+  if( cQuote ) n += n+2;
   z = p->zDestTable = malloc( n+1 );
   if( z==0 ){
     raw_printf(stderr,"Error: out of memory\n");
@@ -2401,7 +9137,7 @@
     };
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aTrans); i++){
-      int n = (int)strlen(aTrans[i].zPattern);
+      int n = strlen30(aTrans[i].zPattern);
       if( strncmp(aTrans[i].zPattern, z, n)==0 ){
         utf8_printf(out, "%-36s %s", aTrans[i].zDesc, &z[n]);
         break;
@@ -2460,18 +9196,10 @@
     }
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Number of Pcache Overflow Bytes:",
        "%lld (max %lld) bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW, bReset);
-    if( pArg->shellFlgs & SHFLG_Scratch ){
-      displayStatLine(pArg, "Number of Scratch Allocations Used:",
-         "%lld (max %lld)", SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, bReset);
-    }
-    displayStatLine(pArg, "Number of Scratch Overflow Bytes:",
-       "%lld (max %lld) bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, bReset);
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Largest Allocation:",
        "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE, bReset);
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Largest Pcache Allocation:",
        "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE, bReset);
-    displayStatLine(pArg, "Largest Scratch Allocation:",
-       "%lld bytes", SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE, bReset);
 #ifdef YYTRACKMAXSTACKDEPTH
     displayStatLine(pArg, "Deepest Parser Stack:",
        "%lld (max %lld)", SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK, bReset);
@@ -2810,6 +9538,137 @@
   }
 }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+/*
+** This function is called to process SQL if the previous shell command
+** was ".expert". It passes the SQL in the second argument directly to
+** the sqlite3expert object.
+**
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
+** code. In this case, (*pzErr) may be set to point to a buffer containing
+** an English language error message. It is the responsibility of the
+** caller to eventually free this buffer using sqlite3_free().
+*/
+static int expertHandleSQL(
+  ShellState *pState, 
+  const char *zSql, 
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  assert( pState->expert.pExpert );
+  assert( pzErr==0 || *pzErr==0 );
+  return sqlite3_expert_sql(pState->expert.pExpert, zSql, pzErr);
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is called either to silently clean up the object
+** created by the ".expert" command (if bCancel==1), or to generate a 
+** report from it and then clean it up (if bCancel==0).
+**
+** If successful, SQLITE_OK is returned. Otherwise, an SQLite error
+** code. In this case, (*pzErr) may be set to point to a buffer containing
+** an English language error message. It is the responsibility of the
+** caller to eventually free this buffer using sqlite3_free().
+*/
+static int expertFinish(
+  ShellState *pState,
+  int bCancel,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  sqlite3expert *p = pState->expert.pExpert;
+  assert( p );
+  assert( bCancel || pzErr==0 || *pzErr==0 );
+  if( bCancel==0 ){
+    FILE *out = pState->out;
+    int bVerbose = pState->expert.bVerbose;
+
+    rc = sqlite3_expert_analyze(p, pzErr);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      int nQuery = sqlite3_expert_count(p);
+      int i;
+
+      if( bVerbose ){
+        const char *zCand = sqlite3_expert_report(p,0,EXPERT_REPORT_CANDIDATES);
+        raw_printf(out, "-- Candidates -----------------------------\n");
+        raw_printf(out, "%s\n", zCand);
+      }
+      for(i=0; i<nQuery; i++){
+        const char *zSql = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_SQL);
+        const char *zIdx = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_INDEXES);
+        const char *zEQP = sqlite3_expert_report(p, i, EXPERT_REPORT_PLAN);
+        if( zIdx==0 ) zIdx = "(no new indexes)\n";
+        if( bVerbose ){
+          raw_printf(out, "-- Query %d --------------------------------\n",i+1);
+          raw_printf(out, "%s\n\n", zSql);
+        }
+        raw_printf(out, "%s\n", zIdx);
+        raw_printf(out, "%s\n", zEQP);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_expert_destroy(p);
+  pState->expert.pExpert = 0;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of ".expert" dot command.
+*/
+static int expertDotCommand(
+  ShellState *pState,             /* Current shell tool state */
+  char **azArg,                   /* Array of arguments passed to dot command */
+  int nArg                        /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zErr = 0;
+  int i;
+  int iSample = 0;
+
+  assert( pState->expert.pExpert==0 );
+  memset(&pState->expert, 0, sizeof(ExpertInfo));
+
+  for(i=1; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<nArg; i++){
+    char *z = azArg[i];
+    int n;
+    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
+    n = strlen30(z);
+    if( n>=2 && 0==strncmp(z, "-verbose", n) ){
+      pState->expert.bVerbose = 1;
+    }
+    else if( n>=2 && 0==strncmp(z, "-sample", n) ){
+      if( i==(nArg-1) ){
+        raw_printf(stderr, "option requires an argument: %s\n", z);
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }else{
+        iSample = (int)integerValue(azArg[++i]);
+        if( iSample<0 || iSample>100 ){
+          raw_printf(stderr, "value out of range: %s\n", azArg[i]);
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    else{
+      raw_printf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", z);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pState->expert.pExpert = sqlite3_expert_new(pState->db, &zErr);
+    if( pState->expert.pExpert==0 ){
+      raw_printf(stderr, "sqlite3_expert_new: %s\n", zErr);
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_expert_config(
+          pState->expert.pExpert, EXPERT_CONFIG_SAMPLE, iSample
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif /* ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
 /*
 ** Execute a statement or set of statements.  Print
 ** any result rows/columns depending on the current mode
@@ -2836,6 +9695,13 @@
     *pzErrMsg = NULL;
   }
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( pArg->expert.pExpert ){
+    rc = expertHandleSQL(pArg, zSql, pzErrMsg);
+    return expertFinish(pArg, (rc!=SQLITE_OK), pzErrMsg);
+  }
+#endif
+
   while( zSql[0] && (SQLITE_OK == rc) ){
     static const char *zStmtSql;
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);
@@ -2869,7 +9735,12 @@
       if( pArg && pArg->autoEQP && sqlite3_strlike("EXPLAIN%",zStmtSql,0)!=0 ){
         sqlite3_stmt *pExplain;
         char *zEQP;
+        int triggerEQP = 0;
         disable_debug_trace_modes();
+        sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, -1, &triggerEQP);
+        if( pArg->autoEQP>=AUTOEQP_trigger ){
+          sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, 1, 0);
+        }
         zEQP = sqlite3_mprintf("EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN %s", zStmtSql);
         rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zEQP, -1, &pExplain, 0);
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -2882,7 +9753,7 @@
         }
         sqlite3_finalize(pExplain);
         sqlite3_free(zEQP);
-        if( pArg->autoEQP>=2 ){
+        if( pArg->autoEQP>=AUTOEQP_full ){
           /* Also do an EXPLAIN for ".eqp full" mode */
           zEQP = sqlite3_mprintf("EXPLAIN %s", zStmtSql);
           rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zEQP, -1, &pExplain, 0);
@@ -2895,6 +9766,7 @@
           sqlite3_finalize(pExplain);
           sqlite3_free(zEQP);
         }
+        sqlite3_db_config(db, SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP, triggerEQP, 0);
         restore_debug_trace_modes();
       }
 
@@ -3003,7 +9875,7 @@
       nPK++;
       if( nPK==1
        && sqlite3_stricmp((const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt,2),
-                          "INTEGER")==0 
+                          "INTEGER")==0
       ){
         isIPK = 1;
       }else{
@@ -3012,6 +9884,7 @@
     }
   }
   sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  if( azCol==0 ) return 0;
   azCol[0] = 0;
   azCol[nCol+1] = 0;
 
@@ -3095,7 +9968,7 @@
   ShellState *p = (ShellState *)pArg;
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(azNotUsed);
-  if( nArg!=3 ) return 1;
+  if( nArg!=3 || azArg==0 ) return 0;
   zTable = azArg[0];
   zType = azArg[1];
   zSql = azArg[2];
@@ -3234,12 +10107,16 @@
 ** Text of a help message
 */
 static char zHelp[] =
+#if defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+  ".archive ...           Manage SQL archives: \".archive --help\" for details\n"
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   ".auth ON|OFF           Show authorizer callbacks\n"
 #endif
   ".backup ?DB? FILE      Backup DB (default \"main\") to FILE\n"
   ".bail on|off           Stop after hitting an error.  Default OFF\n"
   ".binary on|off         Turn binary output on or off.  Default OFF\n"
+  ".cd DIRECTORY          Change the working directory to DIRECTORY\n"
   ".changes on|off        Show number of rows changed by SQL\n"
   ".check GLOB            Fail if output since .testcase does not match\n"
   ".clone NEWDB           Clone data into NEWDB from the existing database\n"
@@ -3250,8 +10127,12 @@
   "                         LIKE pattern TABLE.\n"
   ".echo on|off           Turn command echo on or off\n"
   ".eqp on|off|full       Enable or disable automatic EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN\n"
+  ".excel                 Display the output of next command in a spreadsheet\n"
   ".exit                  Exit this program\n"
-  ".explain ?on|off|auto? Turn EXPLAIN output mode on or off or to automatic\n"
+  ".expert                EXPERIMENTAL. Suggest indexes for specified queries\n"
+/* Because explain mode comes on automatically now, the ".explain" mode
+** is removed from the help screen.  It is still supported for legacy, however */
+/*".explain ?on|off|auto? Turn EXPLAIN output mode on or off or to automatic\n"*/
   ".fullschema ?--indent? Show schema and the content of sqlite_stat tables\n"
   ".headers on|off        Turn display of headers on or off\n"
   ".help                  Show this message\n"
@@ -3284,10 +10165,12 @@
   "                         tabs     Tab-separated values\n"
   "                         tcl      TCL list elements\n"
   ".nullvalue STRING      Use STRING in place of NULL values\n"
-  ".once FILENAME         Output for the next SQL command only to FILENAME\n"
-  ".open ?--new? ?FILE?   Close existing database and reopen FILE\n"
-  "                         The --new starts with an empty file\n"
-  ".output ?FILENAME?     Send output to FILENAME or stdout\n"
+  ".once (-e|-x|FILE)     Output for the next SQL command only to FILE\n"
+  "                         or invoke system text editor (-e) or spreadsheet (-x)\n"
+  "                         on the output.\n"
+  ".open ?OPTIONS? ?FILE? Close existing database and reopen FILE\n"
+  "                         The --new option starts with an empty file\n"
+  ".output ?FILE?         Send output to FILE or stdout\n"
   ".print STRING...       Print literal STRING\n"
   ".prompt MAIN CONTINUE  Replace the standard prompts\n"
   ".quit                  Exit this program\n"
@@ -3351,8 +10234,8 @@
 
 /*
 ** Read the content of file zName into memory obtained from sqlite3_malloc64()
-** and return a pointer to the buffer. The caller is responsible for freeing 
-** the memory. 
+** and return a pointer to the buffer. The caller is responsible for freeing
+** the memory.
 **
 ** If parameter pnByte is not NULL, (*pnByte) is set to the number of bytes
 ** read.
@@ -3386,58 +10269,6 @@
   return pBuf;
 }
 
-/*
-** Implementation of the "readfile(X)" SQL function.  The entire content
-** of the file named X is read and returned as a BLOB.  NULL is returned
-** if the file does not exist or is unreadable.
-*/
-static void readfileFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  const char *zName;
-  void *pBuf;
-  int nBuf;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  zName = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zName==0 ) return;
-  pBuf = readFile(zName, &nBuf);
-  if( pBuf ) sqlite3_result_blob(context, pBuf, nBuf, sqlite3_free);
-}
-
-/*
-** Implementation of the "writefile(X,Y)" SQL function.  The argument Y
-** is written into file X.  The number of bytes written is returned.  Or
-** NULL is returned if something goes wrong, such as being unable to open
-** file X for writing.
-*/
-static void writefileFunc(
-  sqlite3_context *context,
-  int argc,
-  sqlite3_value **argv
-){
-  FILE *out;
-  const char *z;
-  sqlite3_int64 rc;
-  const char *zFile;
-
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(argc);
-  zFile = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
-  if( zFile==0 ) return;
-  out = fopen(zFile, "wb");
-  if( out==0 ) return;
-  z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_blob(argv[1]);
-  if( z==0 ){
-    rc = 0;
-  }else{
-    rc = fwrite(z, 1, sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]), out);
-  }
-  fclose(out);
-  sqlite3_result_int64(context, rc);
-}
-
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION)
 /*
 ** Close a single OpenSession object and release all of its associated
@@ -3486,13 +10317,57 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Try to deduce the type of file for zName based on its content.  Return
+** one of the SHELL_OPEN_* constants.
+*/
+static int deduceDatabaseType(const char *zName){
+  FILE *f = fopen(zName, "rb");
+  size_t n;
+  int rc = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
+  char zBuf[100];
+  if( f==0 ) return SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL;
+  fseek(f, -25, SEEK_END);
+  n = fread(zBuf, 25, 1, f);
+  if( n==1 && memcmp(zBuf, "Start-Of-SQLite3-", 17)==0 ){
+    rc = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
+  }else{
+    fseek(f, -22, SEEK_END);
+    n = fread(zBuf, 22, 1, f);
+    if( n==1 && zBuf[0]==0x50 && zBuf[1]==0x4b && zBuf[2]==0x05
+       && zBuf[3]==0x06 ){
+      rc = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+    }
+  }
+  fclose(f);
+  return rc;  
+}
+
+/*
 ** Make sure the database is open.  If it is not, then open it.  If
 ** the database fails to open, print an error message and exit.
 */
 static void open_db(ShellState *p, int keepAlive){
   if( p->db==0 ){
     sqlite3_initialize();
-    sqlite3_open(p->zDbFilename, &p->db);
+    if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC && access(p->zDbFilename,0)==0 ){
+      p->openMode = deduceDatabaseType(p->zDbFilename);
+    }
+    switch( p->openMode ){
+      case SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS: {
+        sqlite3_open_v2(p->zDbFilename, &p->db, 
+           SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE, "apndvfs");
+        break;
+      }
+      case SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE: {
+        sqlite3_open(":memory:", &p->db);
+        break;
+      }
+      case SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC:
+      case SHELL_OPEN_NORMAL: {
+        sqlite3_open(p->zDbFilename, &p->db);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
     globalDb = p->db;
     if( p->db==0 || SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3_errcode(p->db) ){
       utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: unable to open database \"%s\": %s\n",
@@ -3503,18 +10378,23 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
     sqlite3_enable_load_extension(p->db, 1);
 #endif
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "readfile", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            readfileFunc, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "writefile", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            writefileFunc, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3Func, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3Func, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3_query", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "sha3_query", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
-                            sha3QueryFunc, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_fileio_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_shathree_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_completion_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+    sqlite3_zipfile_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_sqlar_init(p->db, 0, 0);
+#endif
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_add_schema", 3, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            shellAddSchemaName, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_module_schema", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            shellModuleSchema, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "shell_putsnl", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, p,
+                            shellPutsFunc, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            editFunc, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3_create_function(p->db, "edit", 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0,
+                            editFunc, 0, 0);
 
     // Begin Android Add
     #ifndef NO_ANDROID_FUNCS
@@ -3531,9 +10411,80 @@
         }
     #endif
     // End Android Add
+
+    if( p->openMode==SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE ){
+      char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+         "CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE zip USING zipfile(%Q);", p->zDbFilename);
+      sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, 0, 0, 0);
+      sqlite3_free(zSql);
+    }
   }
 }
 
+#if HAVE_READLINE || HAVE_EDITLINE
+/*
+** Readline completion callbacks
+*/
+static char *readline_completion_generator(const char *text, int state){
+  static sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zRet;
+  if( state==0 ){
+    char *zSql;
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT DISTINCT candidate COLLATE nocase"
+                           "  FROM completion(%Q) ORDER BY 1", text);
+    sqlite3_prepare_v2(globalDb, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    zRet = strdup((const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0));
+  }else{
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    pStmt = 0;
+    zRet = 0;
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
+static char **readline_completion(const char *zText, int iStart, int iEnd){
+  rl_attempted_completion_over = 1;
+  return rl_completion_matches(zText, readline_completion_generator);
+}
+
+#elif HAVE_LINENOISE
+/*
+** Linenoise completion callback
+*/
+static void linenoise_completion(const char *zLine, linenoiseCompletions *lc){
+  int nLine = strlen30(zLine);
+  int i, iStart;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+  char *zSql;
+  char zBuf[1000];
+
+  if( nLine>sizeof(zBuf)-30 ) return;
+  if( zLine[0]=='.' ) return;
+  for(i=nLine-1; i>=0 && (isalnum(zLine[i]) || zLine[i]=='_'); i--){}
+  if( i==nLine-1 ) return;
+  iStart = i+1;
+  memcpy(zBuf, zLine, iStart);
+  zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT DISTINCT candidate COLLATE nocase"
+                         "  FROM completion(%Q,%Q) ORDER BY 1",
+                         &zLine[iStart], zLine);
+  sqlite3_prepare_v2(globalDb, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  sqlite3_exec(globalDb, "PRAGMA page_count", 0, 0, 0); /* Load the schema */
+  while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    const char *zCompletion = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
+    int nCompletion = sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt, 0);
+    if( iStart+nCompletion < sizeof(zBuf)-1 ){
+      memcpy(zBuf+iStart, zCompletion, nCompletion+1);
+      linenoiseAddCompletion(lc, zBuf);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Do C-language style dequoting.
 **
@@ -3595,63 +10546,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Return the value of a hexadecimal digit.  Return -1 if the input
-** is not a hex digit.
-*/
-static int hexDigitValue(char c){
-  if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) return c - '0';
-  if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) return c - 'a' + 10;
-  if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) return c - 'A' + 10;
-  return -1;
-}
-
-/*
-** Interpret zArg as an integer value, possibly with suffixes.
-*/
-static sqlite3_int64 integerValue(const char *zArg){
-  sqlite3_int64 v = 0;
-  static const struct { char *zSuffix; int iMult; } aMult[] = {
-    { "KiB", 1024 },
-    { "MiB", 1024*1024 },
-    { "GiB", 1024*1024*1024 },
-    { "KB",  1000 },
-    { "MB",  1000000 },
-    { "GB",  1000000000 },
-    { "K",   1000 },
-    { "M",   1000000 },
-    { "G",   1000000000 },
-  };
-  int i;
-  int isNeg = 0;
-  if( zArg[0]=='-' ){
-    isNeg = 1;
-    zArg++;
-  }else if( zArg[0]=='+' ){
-    zArg++;
-  }
-  if( zArg[0]=='0' && zArg[1]=='x' ){
-    int x;
-    zArg += 2;
-    while( (x = hexDigitValue(zArg[0]))>=0 ){
-      v = (v<<4) + x;
-      zArg++;
-    }
-  }else{
-    while( IsDigit(zArg[0]) ){
-      v = v*10 + zArg[0] - '0';
-      zArg++;
-    }
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aMult); i++){
-    if( sqlite3_stricmp(aMult[i].zSuffix, zArg)==0 ){
-      v *= aMult[i].iMult;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return isNeg? -v : v;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Interpret zArg as either an integer or a boolean value.  Return 1 or 0
 ** for TRUE and FALSE.  Return the integer value if appropriate.
 */
@@ -3697,7 +10591,7 @@
 ** recognized and do the right thing.  NULL is returned if the output
 ** filename is "off".
 */
-static FILE *output_file_open(const char *zFile){
+static FILE *output_file_open(const char *zFile, int bTextMode){
   FILE *f;
   if( strcmp(zFile,"stdout")==0 ){
     f = stdout;
@@ -3706,7 +10600,7 @@
   }else if( strcmp(zFile, "off")==0 ){
     f = 0;
   }else{
-    f = fopen(zFile, "wb");
+    f = fopen(zFile, bTextMode ? "w" : "wb");
     if( f==0 ){
       utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open \"%s\"\n", zFile);
     }
@@ -3730,7 +10624,7 @@
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pP);
   if( f ){
     const char *z = (const char*)pX;
-    int i = (int)strlen(z);
+    int i = strlen30(z);
     while( i>0 && z[i-1]==';' ){ i--; }
     utf8_printf(f, "%.*s;\n", i, z);
   }
@@ -3759,6 +10653,7 @@
   int n;              /* Number of bytes in z */
   int nAlloc;         /* Space allocated for z[] */
   int nLine;          /* Current line number */
+  int bNotFirst;      /* True if one or more bytes already read */
   int cTerm;          /* Character that terminated the most recent field */
   int cColSep;        /* The column separator character.  (Usually ",") */
   int cRowSep;        /* The row separator character.  (Usually "\n") */
@@ -3838,6 +10733,21 @@
       pc = c;
     }
   }else{
+    /* If this is the first field being parsed and it begins with the
+    ** UTF-8 BOM  (0xEF BB BF) then skip the BOM */
+    if( (c&0xff)==0xef && p->bNotFirst==0 ){
+      import_append_char(p, c);
+      c = fgetc(p->in);
+      if( (c&0xff)==0xbb ){
+        import_append_char(p, c);
+        c = fgetc(p->in);
+        if( (c&0xff)==0xbf ){
+          p->bNotFirst = 1;
+          p->n = 0;
+          return csv_read_one_field(p);
+        }
+      }
+    }
     while( c!=EOF && c!=cSep && c!=rSep ){
       import_append_char(p, c);
       c = fgetc(p->in);
@@ -3849,6 +10759,7 @@
     p->cTerm = c;
   }
   if( p->z ) p->z[p->n] = 0;
+  p->bNotFirst = 1;
   return p->z;
 }
 
@@ -3902,7 +10813,7 @@
   char *zInsert = 0;
   int rc;
   int i, j, n;
-  int nTable = (int)strlen(zTable);
+  int nTable = strlen30(zTable);
   int k = 0;
   int cnt = 0;
   const int spinRate = 10000;
@@ -3923,7 +10834,7 @@
   }
   sqlite3_snprintf(200+nTable,zInsert,
                    "INSERT OR IGNORE INTO \"%s\" VALUES(?", zTable);
-  i = (int)strlen(zInsert);
+  i = strlen30(zInsert);
   for(j=1; j<n; j++){
     memcpy(zInsert+i, ",?", 2);
     i += 2;
@@ -4102,7 +11013,11 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Change the output file back to stdout
+** Change the output file back to stdout.
+**
+** If the p->doXdgOpen flag is set, that means the output was being
+** redirected to a temporary file named by p->zTempFile.  In that case,
+** launch start/open/xdg-open on that temporary file.
 */
 static void output_reset(ShellState *p){
   if( p->outfile[0]=='|' ){
@@ -4111,6 +11026,24 @@
 #endif
   }else{
     output_file_close(p->out);
+    if( p->doXdgOpen ){
+      const char *zXdgOpenCmd =
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+      "start";
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+      "open";
+#else
+      "xdg-open";
+#endif
+      char *zCmd;
+      zCmd = sqlite3_mprintf("%s %s", zXdgOpenCmd, p->zTempFile);
+      if( system(zCmd) ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "Failed: [%s]\n", zCmd);
+      }
+      sqlite3_free(zCmd);
+      outputModePop(p);
+      p->doXdgOpen = 0;
+    }
   }
   p->outfile[0] = 0;
   p->out = stdout;
@@ -4172,20 +11105,24 @@
      { "schema size:",
        "SELECT total(length(sql)) FROM %s" },
   };
-  sqlite3_file *pFile = 0;
   int i;
   char *zSchemaTab;
   char *zDb = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "main";
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
   unsigned char aHdr[100];
   open_db(p, 0);
   if( p->db==0 ) return 1;
-  sqlite3_file_control(p->db, zDb, SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER, &pFile);
-  if( pFile==0 || pFile->pMethods==0 || pFile->pMethods->xRead==0 ){
-    return 1;
-  }
-  i = pFile->pMethods->xRead(pFile, aHdr, 100, 0);
-  if( i!=SQLITE_OK ){
+  sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,"SELECT data FROM sqlite_dbpage(?1) WHERE pgno=1",
+                     -1, &pStmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, 1, zDb, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  if( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW
+   && sqlite3_column_bytes(pStmt,0)>100
+  ){
+    memcpy(aHdr, sqlite3_column_blob(pStmt,0), 100);
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+  }else{
     raw_printf(stderr, "unable to read database header\n");
+    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
     return 1;
   }
   i = get2byteInt(aHdr+16);
@@ -4365,6 +11302,41 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Try to delete the temporary file (if there is one) and free the
+** memory used to hold the name of the temp file.
+*/
+static void clearTempFile(ShellState *p){
+  if( p->zTempFile==0 ) return;
+  if( p->doXdgOpen ) return;
+  if( shellDeleteFile(p->zTempFile) ) return;
+  sqlite3_free(p->zTempFile);
+  p->zTempFile = 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Create a new temp file name with the given suffix.
+*/
+static void newTempFile(ShellState *p, const char *zSuffix){
+  clearTempFile(p);
+  sqlite3_free(p->zTempFile);
+  p->zTempFile = 0;
+  if( p->db ){
+    sqlite3_file_control(p->db, 0, SQLITE_FCNTL_TEMPFILENAME, &p->zTempFile);
+  }
+  if( p->zTempFile==0 ){
+    sqlite3_uint64 r;
+    sqlite3_randomness(sizeof(r), &r);
+    p->zTempFile = sqlite3_mprintf("temp%llx.%s", r, zSuffix);
+  }else{
+    p->zTempFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%z.%s", p->zTempFile, zSuffix);
+  }
+  if( p->zTempFile==0 ){
+    raw_printf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
 
 /*
 ** The implementation of SQL scalar function fkey_collate_clause(), used
@@ -4375,15 +11347,15 @@
 **   fkey_collate_clause('parent-tab', 'parent-col', 'child-tab', 'child-col')
 **
 ** If either of the named tables or columns do not exist, this function
-** returns an empty string. An empty string is also returned if both tables 
+** returns an empty string. An empty string is also returned if both tables
 ** and columns exist but have the same default collation sequence. Or,
 ** if both exist but the default collation sequences are different, this
 ** function returns the string " COLLATE <parent-collation>", where
 ** <parent-collation> is the default collation sequence of the parent column.
 */
 static void shellFkeyCollateClause(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx, 
-  int nVal, 
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  int nVal,
   sqlite3_value **apVal
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(pCtx);
@@ -4394,7 +11366,7 @@
   const char *zChildCol;
   const char *zChildSeq = 0;  /* Initialize to avoid false-positive warning */
   int rc;
-  
+
   assert( nVal==4 );
   zParent = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[0]);
   zParentCol = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
@@ -4442,10 +11414,10 @@
   **
   ** 0. The text of an SQL statement similar to:
   **
-  **      "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT rowid FROM child_table WHERE child_key=?"
+  **      "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT 1 FROM child_table WHERE child_key=?"
   **
-  **    This is the same SELECT that the foreign keys implementation needs
-  **    to run internally on child tables. If there is an index that can
+  **    This SELECT is similar to the one that the foreign keys implementation
+  **    needs to run internally on child tables. If there is an index that can
   **    be used to optimize this query, then it can also be used by the FK
   **    implementation to optimize DELETE or UPDATE statements on the parent
   **    table.
@@ -4473,7 +11445,7 @@
   */
   const char *zSql =
   "SELECT "
-    "     'EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT rowid FROM ' || quote(s.name) || ' WHERE '"
+    "     'EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT 1 FROM ' || quote(s.name) || ' WHERE '"
     "  || group_concat(quote(s.name) || '.' || quote(f.[from]) || '=?' "
     "  || fkey_collate_clause("
     "       f.[table], COALESCE(f.[to], p.[name]), s.name, f.[from]),' AND ')"
@@ -4501,7 +11473,7 @@
   const char *zGlobIPK = "SEARCH TABLE * USING INTEGER PRIMARY KEY (rowid=?)";
 
   for(i=2; i<nArg; i++){
-    int n = (int)strlen(azArg[i]);
+    int n = strlen30(azArg[i]);
     if( n>1 && sqlite3_strnicmp("-verbose", azArg[i], n)==0 ){
       bVerbose = 1;
     }
@@ -4516,7 +11488,7 @@
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
   }
-  
+
   /* Register the fkey_collate_clause() SQL function */
   rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "fkey_collate_clause", 4, SQLITE_UTF8,
       0, shellFkeyCollateClause, 0, 0
@@ -4559,9 +11531,9 @@
         raw_printf(stderr, "Error: internal error");
         break;
       }else{
-        if( bGroupByParent 
+        if( bGroupByParent
         && (bVerbose || res==0)
-        && (zPrev==0 || sqlite3_stricmp(zParent, zPrev)) 
+        && (zPrev==0 || sqlite3_stricmp(zParent, zPrev))
         ){
           raw_printf(out, "-- Parent table %s\n", zParent);
           sqlite3_free(zPrev);
@@ -4571,7 +11543,7 @@
         if( res==0 ){
           raw_printf(out, "%s%s --> %s\n", zIndent, zCI, zTarget);
         }else if( bVerbose ){
-          raw_printf(out, "%s/* no extra indexes required for %s -> %s */\n", 
+          raw_printf(out, "%s/* no extra indexes required for %s -> %s */\n",
               zIndent, zFrom, zTarget
           );
         }
@@ -4604,7 +11576,7 @@
   int nArg                        /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
 ){
   int n;
-  n = (nArg>=2 ? (int)strlen(azArg[1]) : 0);
+  n = (nArg>=2 ? strlen30(azArg[1]) : 0);
   if( n<1 || sqlite3_strnicmp(azArg[1], "fkey-indexes", n) ) goto usage;
   return lintFkeyIndexes(pState, azArg, nArg);
 
@@ -4615,6 +11587,719 @@
   return SQLITE_ERROR;
 }
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
+/*********************************************************************************
+** The ".archive" or ".ar" command.
+*/
+static void shellPrepare(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  int *pRc, 
+  const char *zSql, 
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt
+){
+  *ppStmt = 0;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      raw_printf(stderr, "sql error: %s (%d)\n", 
+          sqlite3_errmsg(db), sqlite3_errcode(db)
+      );
+      *pRc = rc;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void shellPreparePrintf(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  int *pRc, 
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
+  const char *zFmt, 
+  ...
+){
+  *ppStmt = 0;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    va_list ap;
+    char *z;
+    va_start(ap, zFmt);
+    z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( z==0 ){
+      *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      shellPrepare(db, pRc, z, ppStmt);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void shellFinalize(
+  int *pRc, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt
+){
+  if( pStmt ){
+    sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_db_handle(pStmt);
+    int rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        raw_printf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+      }
+      *pRc = rc;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void shellReset(
+  int *pRc, 
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt
+){
+  int rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_db_handle(pStmt);
+      raw_printf(stderr, "SQL error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    }
+    *pRc = rc;
+  }
+}
+/*
+** Structure representing a single ".ar" command.
+*/
+typedef struct ArCommand ArCommand;
+struct ArCommand {
+  u8 eCmd;                        /* An AR_CMD_* value */
+  u8 bVerbose;                    /* True if --verbose */
+  u8 bZip;                        /* True if the archive is a ZIP */
+  u8 bDryRun;                     /* True if --dry-run */
+  u8 bAppend;                     /* True if --append */
+  int nArg;                       /* Number of command arguments */
+  char *zSrcTable;                /* "sqlar", "zipfile($file)" or "zip" */
+  const char *zFile;              /* --file argument, or NULL */
+  const char *zDir;               /* --directory argument, or NULL */
+  char **azArg;                   /* Array of command arguments */
+  ShellState *p;                  /* Shell state */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database containing the archive */
+};
+
+/*
+** Print a usage message for the .ar command to stderr and return SQLITE_ERROR.
+*/
+static int arUsage(FILE *f){
+  raw_printf(f,
+"\n"
+"Usage: .ar [OPTION...] [FILE...]\n"
+"The .ar command manages sqlar archives.\n"
+"\n"
+"Examples:\n"
+"  .ar -cf archive.sar foo bar    # Create archive.sar from files foo and bar\n"
+"  .ar -tf archive.sar            # List members of archive.sar\n"
+"  .ar -xvf archive.sar           # Verbosely extract files from archive.sar\n"
+"\n"
+"Each command line must feature exactly one command option:\n"
+"  -c, --create               Create a new archive\n"
+"  -u, --update               Update or add files to an existing archive\n"
+"  -t, --list                 List contents of archive\n"
+"  -x, --extract              Extract files from archive\n"
+"\n"
+"And zero or more optional options:\n"
+"  -v, --verbose              Print each filename as it is processed\n"
+"  -f FILE, --file FILE       Operate on archive FILE (default is current db)\n"
+"  -a FILE, --append FILE     Operate on FILE opened using the apndvfs VFS\n"
+"  -C DIR, --directory DIR    Change to directory DIR to read/extract files\n"
+"  -n, --dryrun               Show the SQL that would have occurred\n"
+"\n"
+"See also: http://sqlite.org/cli.html#sqlar_archive_support\n"
+"\n"
+);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Print an error message for the .ar command to stderr and return 
+** SQLITE_ERROR.
+*/
+static int arErrorMsg(const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *z;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+  va_end(ap);
+  raw_printf(stderr, "Error: %s (try \".ar --help\")\n", z);
+  sqlite3_free(z);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*
+** Values for ArCommand.eCmd.
+*/
+#define AR_CMD_CREATE       1
+#define AR_CMD_EXTRACT      2
+#define AR_CMD_LIST         3
+#define AR_CMD_UPDATE       4
+#define AR_CMD_HELP         5
+
+/*
+** Other (non-command) switches.
+*/
+#define AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE     6
+#define AR_SWITCH_FILE        7
+#define AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY   8
+#define AR_SWITCH_APPEND      9
+#define AR_SWITCH_DRYRUN     10
+
+static int arProcessSwitch(ArCommand *pAr, int eSwitch, const char *zArg){
+  switch( eSwitch ){
+    case AR_CMD_CREATE:
+    case AR_CMD_EXTRACT:
+    case AR_CMD_LIST:
+    case AR_CMD_UPDATE:
+    case AR_CMD_HELP:
+      if( pAr->eCmd ){
+        return arErrorMsg("multiple command options");
+      }
+      pAr->eCmd = eSwitch;
+      break;
+
+    case AR_SWITCH_DRYRUN:
+      pAr->bDryRun = 1;
+      break;
+    case AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE:
+      pAr->bVerbose = 1;
+      break;
+    case AR_SWITCH_APPEND:
+      pAr->bAppend = 1;
+      /* Fall thru into --file */
+    case AR_SWITCH_FILE:
+      pAr->zFile = zArg;
+      break;
+    case AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY:
+      pAr->zDir = zArg;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Parse the command line for an ".ar" command. The results are written into
+** structure (*pAr). SQLITE_OK is returned if the command line is parsed
+** successfully, otherwise an error message is written to stderr and 
+** SQLITE_ERROR returned.
+*/
+static int arParseCommand(
+  char **azArg,                   /* Array of arguments passed to dot command */
+  int nArg,                       /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
+  ArCommand *pAr                  /* Populate this object */
+){
+  struct ArSwitch {
+    const char *zLong;
+    char cShort;
+    u8 eSwitch;
+    u8 bArg;
+  } aSwitch[] = {
+    { "create",    'c', AR_CMD_CREATE,       0 },
+    { "extract",   'x', AR_CMD_EXTRACT,      0 },
+    { "list",      't', AR_CMD_LIST,         0 },
+    { "update",    'u', AR_CMD_UPDATE,       0 },
+    { "help",      'h', AR_CMD_HELP,         0 },
+    { "verbose",   'v', AR_SWITCH_VERBOSE,   0 },
+    { "file",      'f', AR_SWITCH_FILE,      1 },
+    { "append",    'a', AR_SWITCH_APPEND,    1 },
+    { "directory", 'C', AR_SWITCH_DIRECTORY, 1 },
+    { "dryrun",    'n', AR_SWITCH_DRYRUN,    0 },
+  };
+  int nSwitch = sizeof(aSwitch) / sizeof(struct ArSwitch);
+  struct ArSwitch *pEnd = &aSwitch[nSwitch];
+
+  if( nArg<=1 ){
+    return arUsage(stderr);
+  }else{
+    char *z = azArg[1];
+    memset(pAr, 0, sizeof(ArCommand));
+
+    if( z[0]!='-' ){
+      /* Traditional style [tar] invocation */
+      int i;
+      int iArg = 2;
+      for(i=0; z[i]; i++){
+        const char *zArg = 0;
+        struct ArSwitch *pOpt;
+        for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
+          if( z[i]==pOpt->cShort ) break;
+        }
+        if( pOpt==pEnd ){
+          return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %c", z[i]);
+        }
+        if( pOpt->bArg ){
+          if( iArg>=nArg ){
+            return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %c",z[i]);
+          }
+          zArg = azArg[iArg++];
+        }
+        if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pOpt->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+      pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg;
+      if( pAr->nArg>0 ){
+        pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg];
+      }
+    }else{
+      /* Non-traditional invocation */
+      int iArg;
+      for(iArg=1; iArg<nArg; iArg++){
+        int n;
+        z = azArg[iArg];
+        if( z[0]!='-' ){
+          /* All remaining command line words are command arguments. */
+          pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg];
+          pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg;
+          break;
+        }
+        n = strlen30(z);
+
+        if( z[1]!='-' ){
+          int i;
+          /* One or more short options */
+          for(i=1; i<n; i++){
+            const char *zArg = 0;
+            struct ArSwitch *pOpt;
+            for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
+              if( z[i]==pOpt->cShort ) break;
+            }
+            if( pOpt==pEnd ){
+              return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %c\n", z[i]);
+            }
+            if( pOpt->bArg ){
+              if( i<(n-1) ){
+                zArg = &z[i+1];
+                i = n;
+              }else{
+                if( iArg>=(nArg-1) ){
+                  return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %c\n",z[i]);
+                }
+                zArg = azArg[++iArg];
+              }
+            }
+            if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pOpt->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+          }
+        }else if( z[2]=='\0' ){
+          /* A -- option, indicating that all remaining command line words
+          ** are command arguments.  */
+          pAr->azArg = &azArg[iArg+1];
+          pAr->nArg = nArg-iArg-1;
+          break;
+        }else{
+          /* A long option */
+          const char *zArg = 0;             /* Argument for option, if any */
+          struct ArSwitch *pMatch = 0;      /* Matching option */
+          struct ArSwitch *pOpt;            /* Iterator */
+          for(pOpt=&aSwitch[0]; pOpt<pEnd; pOpt++){
+            const char *zLong = pOpt->zLong;
+            if( (n-2)<=strlen30(zLong) && 0==memcmp(&z[2], zLong, n-2) ){
+              if( pMatch ){
+                return arErrorMsg("ambiguous option: %s",z);
+              }else{
+                pMatch = pOpt;
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+          if( pMatch==0 ){
+            return arErrorMsg("unrecognized option: %s", z);
+          }
+          if( pMatch->bArg ){
+            if( iArg>=(nArg-1) ){
+              return arErrorMsg("option requires an argument: %s", z);
+            }
+            zArg = azArg[++iArg];
+          }
+          if( arProcessSwitch(pAr, pMatch->eSwitch, zArg) ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function assumes that all arguments within the ArCommand.azArg[]
+** array refer to archive members, as for the --extract or --list commands. 
+** It checks that each of them are present. If any specified file is not
+** present in the archive, an error is printed to stderr and an error
+** code returned. Otherwise, if all specified arguments are present in
+** the archive, SQLITE_OK is returned.
+**
+** This function strips any trailing '/' characters from each argument.
+** This is consistent with the way the [tar] command seems to work on
+** Linux.
+*/
+static int arCheckEntries(ArCommand *pAr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  if( pAr->nArg ){
+    int i, j;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pTest = 0;
+
+    shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pTest,
+        "SELECT name FROM %s WHERE name=$name", 
+        pAr->zSrcTable
+    );
+    j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pTest, "$name");
+    for(i=0; i<pAr->nArg && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+      char *z = pAr->azArg[i];
+      int n = strlen30(z);
+      int bOk = 0;
+      while( n>0 && z[n-1]=='/' ) n--;
+      z[n] = '\0';
+      sqlite3_bind_text(pTest, j, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pTest) ){
+        bOk = 1;
+      }
+      shellReset(&rc, pTest);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bOk==0 ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "not found in archive: %s\n", z);
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      }
+    }
+    shellFinalize(&rc, pTest);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Format a WHERE clause that can be used against the "sqlar" table to
+** identify all archive members that match the command arguments held
+** in (*pAr). Leave this WHERE clause in (*pzWhere) before returning.
+** The caller is responsible for eventually calling sqlite3_free() on
+** any non-NULL (*pzWhere) value.
+*/
+static void arWhereClause(
+  int *pRc, 
+  ArCommand *pAr, 
+  char **pzWhere                  /* OUT: New WHERE clause */
+){
+  char *zWhere = 0;
+  if( *pRc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pAr->nArg==0 ){
+      zWhere = sqlite3_mprintf("1");
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      const char *zSep = "";
+      for(i=0; i<pAr->nArg; i++){
+        const char *z = pAr->azArg[i];
+        zWhere = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "%z%s name = '%q' OR substr(name,1,%d) = '%q/'", 
+          zWhere, zSep, z, strlen30(z)+1, z
+        );
+        if( zWhere==0 ){
+          *pRc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+          break;
+        }
+        zSep = " OR ";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  *pzWhere = zWhere;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of .ar "lisT" command. 
+*/
+static int arListCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
+  const char *zSql = "SELECT %s FROM %s WHERE %s"; 
+  const char *azCols[] = {
+    "name",
+    "lsmode(mode), sz, datetime(mtime, 'unixepoch'), name"
+  };
+
+  char *zWhere = 0;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSql = 0;
+  int rc;
+
+  rc = arCheckEntries(pAr);
+  arWhereClause(&rc, pAr, &zWhere);
+
+  shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pSql, zSql, azCols[pAr->bVerbose],
+                     pAr->zSrcTable, zWhere);
+  if( pAr->bDryRun ){
+    utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
+  }else{
+    while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
+      if( pAr->bVerbose ){
+        utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s % 10d  %s  %s\n",
+            sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0),
+            sqlite3_column_int(pSql, 1), 
+            sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 2),
+            sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 3)
+        );
+      }else{
+        utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  shellFinalize(&rc, pSql);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of .ar "eXtract" command. 
+*/
+static int arExtractCommand(ArCommand *pAr){
+  const char *zSql1 = 
+    "SELECT "
+    " ($dir || name),"
+    " writefile(($dir || name), %s, mode, mtime) "
+    "FROM %s WHERE (%s) AND (data IS NULL OR $dirOnly = 0)";
+
+  const char *azExtraArg[] = { 
+    "sqlar_uncompress(data, sz)",
+    "data"
+  };
+
+  sqlite3_stmt *pSql = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zDir = 0;
+  char *zWhere = 0;
+  int i, j;
+
+  /* If arguments are specified, check that they actually exist within
+  ** the archive before proceeding. And formulate a WHERE clause to
+  ** match them.  */
+  rc = arCheckEntries(pAr);
+  arWhereClause(&rc, pAr, &zWhere);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pAr->zDir ){
+      zDir = sqlite3_mprintf("%s/", pAr->zDir);
+    }else{
+      zDir = sqlite3_mprintf("");
+    }
+    if( zDir==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  }
+
+  shellPreparePrintf(pAr->db, &rc, &pSql, zSql1, 
+      azExtraArg[pAr->bZip], pAr->zSrcTable, zWhere
+  );
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pSql, "$dir");
+    sqlite3_bind_text(pSql, j, zDir, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+
+    /* Run the SELECT statement twice. The first time, writefile() is called
+    ** for all archive members that should be extracted. The second time,
+    ** only for the directories. This is because the timestamps for
+    ** extracted directories must be reset after they are populated (as
+    ** populating them changes the timestamp).  */
+    for(i=0; i<2; i++){
+      j = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pSql, "$dirOnly");
+      sqlite3_bind_int(pSql, j, i);
+      if( pAr->bDryRun ){
+        utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_sql(pSql));
+      }else{
+        while( rc==SQLITE_OK && SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pSql) ){
+          if( i==0 && pAr->bVerbose ){
+            utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pSql, 0));
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      shellReset(&rc, pSql);
+    }
+    shellFinalize(&rc, pSql);
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(zDir);
+  sqlite3_free(zWhere);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Run the SQL statement in zSql.  Or if doing a --dryrun, merely print it out.
+*/
+static int arExecSql(ArCommand *pAr, const char *zSql){
+  int rc;
+  if( pAr->bDryRun ){
+    utf8_printf(pAr->p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    char *zErr = 0;
+    rc = sqlite3_exec(pAr->db, zSql, 0, 0, &zErr);
+    if( zErr ){
+      utf8_printf(stdout, "ERROR: %s\n", zErr);
+      sqlite3_free(zErr);
+    }
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of .ar "create" and "update" commands.
+**
+** Create the "sqlar" table in the database if it does not already exist.
+** Then add each file in the azFile[] array to the archive. Directories
+** are added recursively. If argument bVerbose is non-zero, a message is
+** printed on stdout for each file archived.
+**
+** The create command is the same as update, except that it drops
+** any existing "sqlar" table before beginning.
+*/
+static int arCreateOrUpdateCommand(
+  ArCommand *pAr,                 /* Command arguments and options */
+  int bUpdate                     /* true for a --create.  false for --update */
+){
+  const char *zCreate = 
+      "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sqlar(\n"
+      "  name TEXT PRIMARY KEY,  -- name of the file\n"
+      "  mode INT,               -- access permissions\n"
+      "  mtime INT,              -- last modification time\n"
+      "  sz INT,                 -- original file size\n"
+      "  data BLOB               -- compressed content\n"
+      ")";
+  const char *zDrop = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS sqlar";
+  const char *zInsertFmt = 
+     "REPLACE INTO sqlar(name,mode,mtime,sz,data)\n"
+     "  SELECT\n"
+     "    %s,\n"
+     "    mode,\n"
+     "    mtime,\n"
+     "    CASE substr(lsmode(mode),1,1)\n"
+     "      WHEN '-' THEN length(data)\n"
+     "      WHEN 'd' THEN 0\n"
+     "      ELSE -1 END,\n"
+     "    CASE WHEN lsmode(mode) LIKE 'd%%' THEN NULL else data END\n"
+     "  FROM fsdir(%Q,%Q)\n"
+     "  WHERE lsmode(mode) NOT LIKE '?%%';";
+  int i;                          /* For iterating through azFile[] */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+
+  rc = arExecSql(pAr, "SAVEPOINT ar;");
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  if( bUpdate==0 ){
+    rc = arExecSql(pAr, zDrop);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  }
+  rc = arExecSql(pAr, zCreate);
+  for(i=0; i<pAr->nArg && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
+    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(zInsertFmt,
+        pAr->bVerbose ? "shell_putsnl(name)" : "name",
+        pAr->azArg[i], pAr->zDir);
+    rc = arExecSql(pAr, zSql);
+    sqlite3_free(zSql);
+  }
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    arExecSql(pAr, "ROLLBACK TO ar; RELEASE ar;");
+  }else{
+    rc = arExecSql(pAr, "RELEASE ar;");
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Implementation of ".ar" dot command.
+*/
+static int arDotCommand(
+  ShellState *pState,             /* Current shell tool state */
+  char **azArg,                   /* Array of arguments passed to dot command */
+  int nArg                        /* Number of entries in azArg[] */
+){
+  ArCommand cmd;
+  int rc;
+  memset(&cmd, 0, sizeof(cmd));
+  rc = arParseCommand(azArg, nArg, &cmd);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    int eDbType = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
+    cmd.p = pState;
+    cmd.db = pState->db;
+    if( cmd.zFile ){
+      eDbType = deduceDatabaseType(cmd.zFile);
+    }else{
+      eDbType = pState->openMode;
+    }
+    if( eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE ){
+      if( cmd.zFile==0 ){
+        cmd.zSrcTable = sqlite3_mprintf("zip");
+      }else{
+        cmd.zSrcTable = sqlite3_mprintf("zipfile(%Q)", cmd.zFile);
+      }
+      if( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_CREATE || cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "zip archives are read-only\n");
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        goto end_ar_command;
+      }
+      cmd.bZip = 1;
+    }else if( cmd.zFile ){
+      int flags;
+      if( cmd.bAppend ) eDbType = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
+      if( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_CREATE || cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE ){
+        flags = SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
+      }else{
+        flags = SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+      }
+      cmd.db = 0;
+      if( cmd.bDryRun ){
+        utf8_printf(pState->out, "-- open database '%s'%s\n", cmd.zFile,
+             eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS ? " using 'apndvfs'" : "");
+      }
+      rc = sqlite3_open_v2(cmd.zFile, &cmd.db, flags, 
+             eDbType==SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS ? "apndvfs" : 0);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "cannot open file: %s (%s)\n", 
+            cmd.zFile, sqlite3_errmsg(cmd.db)
+        );
+        goto end_ar_command;
+      }
+      sqlite3_fileio_init(cmd.db, 0, 0);
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+      sqlite3_sqlar_init(cmd.db, 0, 0);
+#endif
+      sqlite3_create_function(cmd.db, "shell_putsnl", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, cmd.p,
+                              shellPutsFunc, 0, 0);
+
+    }
+    if( cmd.zSrcTable==0 ){
+      if( cmd.eCmd!=AR_CMD_CREATE
+       && sqlite3_table_column_metadata(cmd.db,0,"sqlar","name",0,0,0,0,0)
+      ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "database does not contain an 'sqlar' table\n");
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+        goto end_ar_command;
+      }
+      cmd.zSrcTable = sqlite3_mprintf("sqlar");
+    }
+
+    switch( cmd.eCmd ){
+      case AR_CMD_CREATE:
+        rc = arCreateOrUpdateCommand(&cmd, 0);
+        break;
+
+      case AR_CMD_EXTRACT:
+        rc = arExtractCommand(&cmd);
+        break;
+
+      case AR_CMD_LIST:
+        rc = arListCommand(&cmd);
+        break;
+
+      case AR_CMD_HELP:
+        arUsage(pState->out);
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        assert( cmd.eCmd==AR_CMD_UPDATE );
+        rc = arCreateOrUpdateCommand(&cmd, 1);
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+end_ar_command:
+  if( cmd.db!=pState->db ){
+    sqlite3_close(cmd.db);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(cmd.zSrcTable);
+
+  return rc;
+}
+/* End of the ".archive" or ".ar" command logic
+**********************************************************************************/
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB) */
+
 
 /*
 ** If an input line begins with "." then invoke this routine to
@@ -4629,6 +12314,12 @@
   int rc = 0;
   char *azArg[50];
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( p->expert.pExpert ){
+    expertFinish(p, 1, 0);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Parse the input line into tokens.
   */
   while( zLine[h] && nArg<ArraySize(azArg) ){
@@ -4658,6 +12349,7 @@
   if( nArg==0 ) return 0; /* no tokens, no error */
   n = strlen30(azArg[0]);
   c = azArg[0][0];
+  clearTempFile(p);
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   if( c=='a' && strncmp(azArg[0], "auth", n)==0 ){
@@ -4675,6 +12367,13 @@
   }else
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) && defined(SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB)
+  if( c=='a' && strncmp(azArg[0], "archive", n)==0 ){
+    open_db(p, 0);
+    rc = arDotCommand(p, azArg, nArg);
+  }else
+#endif
+
   if( (c=='b' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "backup", n)==0)
    || (c=='s' && n>=3 && strncmp(azArg[0], "save", n)==0)
   ){
@@ -4753,6 +12452,25 @@
     }
   }else
 
+  if( c=='c' && strcmp(azArg[0],"cd")==0 ){
+    if( nArg==2 ){
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)
+      wchar_t *z = sqlite3_win32_utf8_to_unicode(azArg[1]);
+      rc = !SetCurrentDirectoryW(z);
+      sqlite3_free(z);
+#else
+      rc = chdir(azArg[1]);
+#endif
+      if( rc ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "Cannot change to directory \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
+        rc = 1;
+      }
+    }else{
+      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .cd DIRECTORY\n");
+      rc = 1;
+    }
+  }else
+
   /* The undocumented ".breakpoint" command causes a call to the no-op
   ** routine named test_breakpoint().
   */
@@ -4786,7 +12504,7 @@
       utf8_printf(stderr,
                  "testcase-%s FAILED\n Expected: [%s]\n      Got: [%s]\n",
                  p->zTestcase, azArg[1], zRes);
-      rc = 2;
+      rc = 1;
     }else{
       utf8_printf(stdout, "testcase-%s ok\n", p->zTestcase);
       p->nCheck++;
@@ -4829,7 +12547,7 @@
     const char *zLike = 0;
     int i;
     int savedShowHeader = p->showHeader;
-    ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
+    ShellClearFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid|SHFLG_Newlines);
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
       if( azArg[i][0]=='-' ){
         const char *z = azArg[i]+1;
@@ -4844,13 +12562,17 @@
           ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_PreserveRowid);
 #endif
         }else
+        if( strcmp(z,"newlines")==0 ){
+          ShellSetFlag(p, SHFLG_Newlines);
+        }else
         {
           raw_printf(stderr, "Unknown option \"%s\" on \".dump\"\n", azArg[i]);
           rc = 1;
           goto meta_command_exit;
         }
       }else if( zLike ){
-        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .dump ?--preserve-rowids? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
+        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .dump ?--preserve-rowids? "
+                           "?--newlines? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }else{
@@ -4921,12 +12643,14 @@
   if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "eqp", n)==0 ){
     if( nArg==2 ){
       if( strcmp(azArg[1],"full")==0 ){
-        p->autoEQP = 2;
+        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
+      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"trigger")==0 ){
+        p->autoEQP = AUTOEQP_trigger;
       }else{
         p->autoEQP = booleanValue(azArg[1]);
       }
     }else{
-      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .eqp on|off|full\n");
+      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .eqp off|on|trigger|full\n");
       rc = 1;
     }
   }else
@@ -4936,6 +12660,8 @@
     rc = 2;
   }else
 
+  /* The ".explain" command is automatic now.  It is largely pointless.  It
+  ** retained purely for backwards compatibility */
   if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "explain", n)==0 ){
     int val = 1;
     if( nArg>=2 ){
@@ -4958,6 +12684,13 @@
     }
   }else
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  if( c=='e' && strncmp(azArg[0], "expert", n)==0 ){
+    open_db(p, 0);
+    expertDotCommand(p, azArg, nArg);
+  }else
+#endif
+
   if( c=='f' && strncmp(azArg[0], "fullschema", n)==0 ){
     ShellState data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
@@ -5412,13 +13145,13 @@
     }else{
       const char *zFile = azArg[1];
       output_file_close(p->pLog);
-      p->pLog = output_file_open(zFile);
+      p->pLog = output_file_open(zFile, 0);
     }
   }else
 
   if( c=='m' && strncmp(azArg[0], "mode", n)==0 ){
     const char *zMode = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "";
-    int n2 = (int)strlen(zMode);
+    int n2 = strlen30(zMode);
     int c2 = zMode[0];
     if( c2=='l' && n2>2 && strncmp(azArg[1],"lines",n2)==0 ){
       p->mode = MODE_Line;
@@ -5452,7 +13185,9 @@
       p->mode = MODE_Ascii;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Unit);
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_Record);
-    }else {
+    }else if( nArg==1 ){
+      raw_printf(p->out, "current output mode: %s\n", modeDescr[p->mode]);
+    }else{
       raw_printf(stderr, "Error: mode should be one of: "
          "ascii column csv html insert line list quote tabs tcl\n");
       rc = 1;
@@ -5481,11 +13216,18 @@
     p->zDbFilename = 0;
     sqlite3_free(p->zFreeOnClose);
     p->zFreeOnClose = 0;
+    p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_UNSPEC;
     /* Check for command-line arguments */
     for(iName=1; iName<nArg && azArg[iName][0]=='-'; iName++){
       const char *z = azArg[iName];
       if( optionMatch(z,"new") ){
         newFlag = 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZIP
+      }else if( optionMatch(z, "zip") ){
+        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+#endif
+      }else if( optionMatch(z, "append") ){
+        p->openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
       }else if( z[0]=='-' ){
         utf8_printf(stderr, "unknown option: %s\n", z);
         rc = 1;
@@ -5512,18 +13254,27 @@
     }
   }else
 
-  if( c=='o'
-   && (strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0 || strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0)
+  if( (c=='o'
+        && (strncmp(azArg[0], "output", n)==0||strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0))
+   || (c=='e' && n==5 && strcmp(azArg[0],"excel")==0)
   ){
     const char *zFile = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "stdout";
+    int bTxtMode = 0;
+    if( azArg[0][0]=='e' ){
+      /* Transform the ".excel" command into ".once -x" */
+      nArg = 2;
+      azArg[0] = "once";
+      zFile = azArg[1] = "-x";
+      n = 4;
+    }
     if( nArg>2 ){
-      utf8_printf(stderr, "Usage: .%s FILE\n", azArg[0]);
+      utf8_printf(stderr, "Usage: .%s [-e|-x|FILE]\n", azArg[0]);
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
     if( n>1 && strncmp(azArg[0], "once", n)==0 ){
       if( nArg<2 ){
-        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .once FILE\n");
+        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .once (-e|-x|FILE)\n");
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
@@ -5532,6 +13283,21 @@
       p->outCount = 0;
     }
     output_reset(p);
+    if( zFile[0]=='-' && zFile[1]=='-' ) zFile++;
+    if( strcmp(zFile, "-e")==0 || strcmp(zFile, "-x")==0 ){
+      p->doXdgOpen = 1;
+      outputModePush(p);
+      if( zFile[1]=='x' ){
+        newTempFile(p, "csv");
+        p->mode = MODE_Csv;
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->colSeparator), p->colSeparator, SEP_Comma);
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(p->rowSeparator), p->rowSeparator, SEP_CrLf);
+      }else{
+        newTempFile(p, "txt");
+        bTxtMode = 1;
+      }
+      zFile = p->zTempFile;
+    }
     if( zFile[0]=='|' ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_POPEN
       raw_printf(stderr, "Error: pipes are not supported in this OS\n");
@@ -5548,7 +13314,7 @@
       }
 #endif
     }else{
-      p->out = output_file_open(zFile);
+      p->out = output_file_open(zFile, bTxtMode);
       if( p->out==0 ){
         if( strcmp(zFile,"off")!=0 ){
           utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: cannot write to \"%s\"\n", zFile);
@@ -5665,75 +13431,113 @@
   }else
 
   if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "schema", n)==0 ){
+    ShellText sSelect;
     ShellState data;
     char *zErrMsg = 0;
+    const char *zDiv = "(";
+    const char *zName = 0;
+    int iSchema = 0;
+    int bDebug = 0;
+    int ii;
+
     open_db(p, 0);
     memcpy(&data, p, sizeof(data));
     data.showHeader = 0;
     data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Semi;
-    if( nArg>=2 && optionMatch(azArg[1], "indent") ){
-      data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Pretty;
-      nArg--;
-      if( nArg==2 ) azArg[1] = azArg[2];
-    }
-    if( nArg==2 && azArg[1][0]!='-' ){
-      int i;
-      for(i=0; azArg[1][i]; i++) azArg[1][i] = ToLower(azArg[1][i]);
-      if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_master")==0 ){
-        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
-        new_argv[0] = "CREATE TABLE sqlite_master (\n"
-                      "  type text,\n"
-                      "  name text,\n"
-                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
-                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
-                      "  sql text\n"
-                      ")";
-        new_argv[1] = 0;
-        new_colv[0] = "sql";
-        new_colv[1] = 0;
-        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      }else if( strcmp(azArg[1],"sqlite_temp_master")==0 ){
-        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
-        new_argv[0] = "CREATE TEMP TABLE sqlite_temp_master (\n"
-                      "  type text,\n"
-                      "  name text,\n"
-                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
-                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
-                      "  sql text\n"
-                      ")";
-        new_argv[1] = 0;
-        new_colv[0] = "sql";
-        new_colv[1] = 0;
-        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    initText(&sSelect);
+    for(ii=1; ii<nArg; ii++){
+      if( optionMatch(azArg[ii],"indent") ){
+        data.cMode = data.mode = MODE_Pretty;
+      }else if( optionMatch(azArg[ii],"debug") ){
+        bDebug = 1;
+      }else if( zName==0 ){
+        zName = azArg[ii];
       }else{
-        char *zSql;
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT sql FROM "
-          "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name, rowid x"
-          "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-          "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-          "WHERE lower(tbl_name) LIKE %Q"
-          "  AND type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL "
-          "ORDER BY rowid", azArg[1]);
-        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
-        sqlite3_free(zSql);
+        raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .schema ?--indent? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
+        rc = 1;
+        goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-    }else if( nArg==1 ){
-      rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db,
-         "SELECT sql FROM "
-         "  (SELECT sql sql, type type, tbl_name tbl_name, name name, rowid x"
-         "     FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL"
-         "   SELECT sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid FROM sqlite_temp_master) "
-         "WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOTNULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' "
-         "ORDER BY rowid",
-         callback, &data, &zErrMsg
-      );
-    }else{
-      raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .schema ?--indent? ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
-      rc = 1;
-      goto meta_command_exit;
+    }
+    if( zName!=0 ){
+      int isMaster = sqlite3_strlike(zName, "sqlite_master", 0)==0;
+      if( isMaster || sqlite3_strlike(zName,"sqlite_temp_master",0)==0 ){
+        char *new_argv[2], *new_colv[2];
+        new_argv[0] = sqlite3_mprintf(
+                      "CREATE TABLE %s (\n"
+                      "  type text,\n"
+                      "  name text,\n"
+                      "  tbl_name text,\n"
+                      "  rootpage integer,\n"
+                      "  sql text\n"
+                      ")", isMaster ? "sqlite_master" : "sqlite_temp_master");
+        new_argv[1] = 0;
+        new_colv[0] = "sql";
+        new_colv[1] = 0;
+        callback(&data, 1, new_argv, new_colv);
+        sqlite3_free(new_argv[0]);
+      }
+    }
+    if( zDiv ){
+      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, "SELECT name FROM pragma_database_list",
+                              -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      if( rc ){
+        utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(p->db));
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+        rc = 1;
+        goto meta_command_exit;
+      }
+      appendText(&sSelect, "SELECT sql FROM", 0);
+      iSchema = 0;
+      while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 0);
+        char zScNum[30];
+        sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zScNum), zScNum, "%d", ++iSchema);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zDiv, 0);
+        zDiv = " UNION ALL ";
+        appendText(&sSelect, "SELECT shell_add_schema(sql,", 0);
+        if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDb, "main")!=0 ){
+          appendText(&sSelect, zDb, '"');
+        }else{
+          appendText(&sSelect, "NULL", 0);
+        }
+        appendText(&sSelect, ",name) AS sql, type, tbl_name, name, rowid,", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zScNum, 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, " AS snum, ", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zDb, '\'');
+        appendText(&sSelect, " AS sname FROM ", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zDb, '"');
+        appendText(&sSelect, ".sqlite_master", 0);
+      }
+      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+#ifdef SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
+      if( zName ){
+        appendText(&sSelect,
+           " UNION ALL SELECT shell_module_schema(name),"
+           " 'table', name, name, name, 9e+99, 'main' FROM pragma_module_list", 0);
+      }
+#endif
+      appendText(&sSelect, ") WHERE ", 0);
+      if( zName ){
+        char *zQarg = sqlite3_mprintf("%Q", zName);
+        if( strchr(zName, '.') ){
+          appendText(&sSelect, "lower(printf('%s.%s',sname,tbl_name))", 0);
+        }else{
+          appendText(&sSelect, "lower(tbl_name)", 0);
+        }
+        appendText(&sSelect, strchr(zName, '*') ? " GLOB " : " LIKE ", 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, zQarg, 0);
+        appendText(&sSelect, " AND ", 0);
+        sqlite3_free(zQarg);
+      }
+      appendText(&sSelect, "type!='meta' AND sql IS NOT NULL"
+                           " ORDER BY snum, rowid", 0);
+      if( bDebug ){
+        utf8_printf(p->out, "SQL: %s;\n", sSelect.z);
+      }else{
+        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, sSelect.z, callback, &data, &zErrMsg);
+      }
+      freeText(&sSelect);
     }
     if( zErrMsg ){
       utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", zErrMsg);
@@ -5976,19 +13780,11 @@
     int bIsInit = 0;         /* True to initialize the SELFTEST table */
     int bVerbose = 0;        /* Verbose output */
     int bSelftestExists;     /* True if SELFTEST already exists */
-    char **azTest = 0;       /* Content of the SELFTEST table */
-    int nRow = 0;            /* Number of rows in the SELFTEST table */
-    int nCol = 4;            /* Number of columns in the SELFTEST table */
-    int i;                   /* Loop counter */
+    int i, k;                /* Loop counters */
     int nTest = 0;           /* Number of tests runs */
     int nErr = 0;            /* Number of errors seen */
     ShellText str;           /* Answer for a query */
-    static char *azDefaultTest[] = {
-       0, 0, 0, 0,
-       "0", "memo", "Missing SELFTEST table - default checks only", "",
-       "1", "run", "PRAGMA integrity_check", "ok"
-    };
-    static const int nDefaultRow = 2;
+    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0; /* Query against the SELFTEST table */
 
     open_db(p,0);
     for(i=1; i<nArg; i++){
@@ -6018,70 +13814,71 @@
       createSelftestTable(p);
       bSelftestExists = 1;
     }
-    if( bSelftestExists ){
-      rc = sqlite3_get_table(p->db, 
-          "SELECT tno,op,cmd,ans FROM selftest ORDER BY tno",
-          &azTest, &nRow, &nCol, 0);
+    initText(&str);
+    appendText(&str, "x", 0);
+    for(k=bSelftestExists; k>=0; k--){
+      if( k==1 ){
+        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,
+            "SELECT tno,op,cmd,ans FROM selftest ORDER BY tno",
+            -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      }else{
+        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db,
+          "VALUES(0,'memo','Missing SELFTEST table - default checks only',''),"
+          "      (1,'run','PRAGMA integrity_check','ok')",
+          -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      }
       if( rc ){
         raw_printf(stderr, "Error querying the selftest table\n");
         rc = 1;
-        sqlite3_free_table(azTest);
+        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
         goto meta_command_exit;
-      }else if( nRow==0 ){
-        sqlite3_free_table(azTest);
-        azTest = azDefaultTest;
-        nRow = nDefaultRow;
       }
-    }else{
-      azTest = azDefaultTest;
-      nRow = nDefaultRow;
-    }
-    initText(&str);
-    appendText(&str, "x", 0);
-    for(i=1; i<=nRow; i++){
-      int tno = atoi(azTest[i*nCol]);
-      const char *zOp = azTest[i*nCol+1];
-      const char *zSql = azTest[i*nCol+2];
-      const char *zAns = azTest[i*nCol+3];
-  
-      if( bVerbose>0 ){
-        char *zQuote = sqlite3_mprintf("%q", zSql);
-        printf("%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
-        sqlite3_free(zQuote);
-      }
-      if( strcmp(zOp,"memo")==0 ){
-        utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
-      }else
-      if( strcmp(zOp,"run")==0 ){
-        char *zErrMsg = 0;
-        str.n = 0;
-        str.z[0] = 0;
-        rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, captureOutputCallback, &str, &zErrMsg);
-        nTest++;
-        if( bVerbose ){
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "Result: %s\n", str.z);
+      for(i=1; sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW; i++){
+        int tno = sqlite3_column_int(pStmt, 0);
+        const char *zOp = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
+        const char *zSql = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 2);
+        const char *zAns = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 3);
+
+        k = 0;
+        if( bVerbose>0 ){
+          char *zQuote = sqlite3_mprintf("%q", zSql);
+          printf("%d: %s %s\n", tno, zOp, zSql);
+          sqlite3_free(zQuote);
         }
-        if( rc || zErrMsg ){
-          nErr++;
+        if( strcmp(zOp,"memo")==0 ){
+          utf8_printf(p->out, "%s\n", zSql);
+        }else
+        if( strcmp(zOp,"run")==0 ){
+          char *zErrMsg = 0;
+          str.n = 0;
+          str.z[0] = 0;
+          rc = sqlite3_exec(p->db, zSql, captureOutputCallback, &str, &zErrMsg);
+          nTest++;
+          if( bVerbose ){
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "Result: %s\n", str.z);
+          }
+          if( rc || zErrMsg ){
+            nErr++;
+            rc = 1;
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc, zErrMsg);
+            sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
+          }else if( strcmp(zAns,str.z)!=0 ){
+            nErr++;
+            rc = 1;
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
+            utf8_printf(p->out, "%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
+          }
+        }else
+        {
+          utf8_printf(stderr,
+            "Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
           rc = 1;
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: error-code-%d: %s\n", tno, rc, zErrMsg);
-          sqlite3_free(zErrMsg);
-        }else if( strcmp(zAns,str.z)!=0 ){
-          nErr++;
-          rc = 1;
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "%d: Expected: [%s]\n", tno, zAns);
-          utf8_printf(p->out, "%d:      Got: [%s]\n", tno, str.z);
+          break;
         }
-      }else
-      {
-        utf8_printf(stderr,
-          "Unknown operation \"%s\" on selftest line %d\n", zOp, tno);
-        rc = 1;
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+      } /* End loop over rows of content from SELFTEST */
+      sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    } /* End loop over k */
     freeText(&str);
-    if( azTest!=azDefaultTest ) sqlite3_free_table(azTest);
     utf8_printf(p->out, "%d errors out of %d tests\n", nErr, nTest);
   }else
 
@@ -6121,8 +13918,8 @@
         if( strcmp(z,"schema")==0 ){
           bSchema = 1;
         }else
-        if( strcmp(z,"sha3-224")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-256")==0 
-         || strcmp(z,"sha3-384")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-512")==0 
+        if( strcmp(z,"sha3-224")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-256")==0
+         || strcmp(z,"sha3-384")==0 || strcmp(z,"sha3-512")==0
         ){
           iSize = atoi(&z[5]);
         }else
@@ -6237,7 +14034,7 @@
   }else
 
   if( c=='s' && strncmp(azArg[0], "show", n)==0 ){
-    static const char *azBool[] = { "off", "on", "full", "unk" };
+    static const char *azBool[] = { "off", "on", "trigger", "full"};
     int i;
     if( nArg!=1 ){
       raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .show\n");
@@ -6290,59 +14087,47 @@
     sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
     char **azResult;
     int nRow, nAlloc;
-    char *zSql = 0;
     int ii;
+    ShellText s;
+    initText(&s);
     open_db(p, 0);
     rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, "PRAGMA database_list", -1, &pStmt, 0);
     if( rc ) return shellDatabaseError(p->db);
 
-    /* Create an SQL statement to query for the list of tables in the
-    ** main and all attached databases where the table name matches the
-    ** LIKE pattern bound to variable "?1". */
-    if( c=='t' ){
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master"
-          " WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
-          "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
-          "   AND name LIKE ?1");
-    }else if( nArg>2 ){
+    if( nArg>2 && c=='i' ){
       /* It is an historical accident that the .indexes command shows an error
       ** when called with the wrong number of arguments whereas the .tables
       ** command does not. */
       raw_printf(stderr, "Usage: .indexes ?LIKE-PATTERN?\n");
       rc = 1;
       goto meta_command_exit;
-    }else{
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-          "SELECT name FROM sqlite_master"
-          " WHERE type='index'"
-          "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1");
     }
-    for(ii=0; zSql && sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW; ii++){
+    for(ii=0; sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW; ii++){
       const char *zDbName = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, 1);
-      if( zDbName==0 || ii==0 ) continue;
-      if( c=='t' ){
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-                 "%z UNION ALL "
-                 "SELECT '%q.' || name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
-                 " WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
-                 "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%%'"
-                 "   AND name LIKE ?1", zSql, zDbName, zDbName);
+      if( zDbName==0 ) continue;
+      if( s.z && s.z[0] ) appendText(&s, " UNION ALL ", 0);
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(zDbName, "main")==0 ){
+        appendText(&s, "SELECT name FROM ", 0);
       }else{
-        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
-                 "%z UNION ALL "
-                 "SELECT '%q.' || name FROM \"%w\".sqlite_master"
-                 " WHERE type='index'"
-                 "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", zSql, zDbName, zDbName);
+        appendText(&s, "SELECT ", 0);
+        appendText(&s, zDbName, '\'');
+        appendText(&s, "||'.'||name FROM ", 0);
+      }
+      appendText(&s, zDbName, '"');
+      appendText(&s, ".sqlite_master ", 0);
+      if( c=='t' ){
+        appendText(&s," WHERE type IN ('table','view')"
+                      "   AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%'"
+                      "   AND name LIKE ?1", 0);
+      }else{
+        appendText(&s," WHERE type='index'"
+                      "   AND tbl_name LIKE ?1", 0);
       }
     }
     rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
-    if( zSql && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("%z ORDER BY 1", zSql);
-      if( zSql ) rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
-    }
-    sqlite3_free(zSql);
-    if( !zSql ) return shellNomemError();
+    appendText(&s, " ORDER BY 1", 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, s.z, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+    freeText(&s);
     if( rc ) return shellDatabaseError(p->db);
 
     /* Run the SQL statement prepared by the above block. Store the results
@@ -6406,7 +14191,7 @@
   /* Begin redirecting output to the file "testcase-out.txt" */
   if( c=='t' && strcmp(azArg[0],"testcase")==0 ){
     output_reset(p);
-    p->out = output_file_open("testcase-out.txt");
+    p->out = output_file_open("testcase-out.txt", 0);
     if( p->out==0 ){
       raw_printf(stderr, "Error: cannot open 'testcase-out.txt'\n");
     }
@@ -6418,50 +14203,80 @@
   }else
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
-  if( c=='t' && n>=8 && strncmp(azArg[0], "testctrl", n)==0 && nArg>=2 ){
+  if( c=='t' && n>=8 && strncmp(azArg[0], "testctrl", n)==0 ){
     static const struct {
        const char *zCtrlName;   /* Name of a test-control option */
        int ctrlCode;            /* Integer code for that option */
+       const char *zUsage;      /* Usage notes */
     } aCtrl[] = {
-      { "prng_save",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE              },
-      { "prng_restore",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE           },
-      { "prng_reset",            SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET             },
-      { "bitvec_test",           SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST            },
-      { "fault_install",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL          },
-      { "benign_malloc_hooks",   SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS    },
-      { "pending_byte",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE           },
-      { "assert",                SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT                 },
-      { "always",                SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS                 },
-      { "reserve",               SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                },
-      { "optimizations",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS          },
-      { "iskeyword",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD              },
-      { "scratchmalloc",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC          },
-      { "byteorder",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER              },
-      { "never_corrupt",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT          },
-      { "imposter",              SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER               },
+      { "always",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS,        "BOOLEAN"            },
+      { "assert",             SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT,        "BOOLEAN"            },
+    /*{ "benign_malloc_hooks",SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS, ""          },*/
+    /*{ "bitvec_test",        SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST,   ""                },*/
+      { "byteorder",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER,     ""                   },
+    /*{ "fault_install",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL, ""                }, */
+      { "imposter",           SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER,   "SCHEMA ON/OFF ROOTPAGE"},
+#ifdef SQLITE_N_KEYWORD
+      { "iskeyword",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD,     "IDENTIFIER"         },
+#endif
+      { "localtime_fault",    SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT,"BOOLEAN"           },
+      { "never_corrupt",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT, "BOOLEAN"            },
+      { "optimizations",      SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, "DISABLE-MASK"       },
+#ifdef YYCOVERAGE
+      { "parser_coverage",    SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE, ""                 },
+#endif
+      { "pending_byte",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PENDING_BYTE,  "OFFSET  "           },
+      { "prng_reset",         SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESET,    ""                   },
+      { "prng_restore",       SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_RESTORE,  ""                   },
+      { "prng_save",          SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PRNG_SAVE,     ""                   },
+      { "reserve",            SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE,       "BYTES-OF-RESERVE"   },
     };
     int testctrl = -1;
-    int rc2 = 0;
+    int iCtrl = -1;
+    int rc2 = 0;    /* 0: usage.  1: %d  2: %x  3: no-output */
+    int isOk = 0;
     int i, n2;
+    const char *zCmd = 0;
+
     open_db(p, 0);
+    zCmd = nArg>=2 ? azArg[1] : "help";
+
+    /* The argument can optionally begin with "-" or "--" */
+    if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ){
+      zCmd++;
+      if( zCmd[0]=='-' && zCmd[1] ) zCmd++;
+    }
+
+    /* --help lists all test-controls */
+    if( strcmp(zCmd,"help")==0 ){
+      utf8_printf(p->out, "Available test-controls:\n");
+      for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
+        utf8_printf(p->out, "  .testctrl %s %s\n",
+                    aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, aCtrl[i].zUsage);
+      }
+      rc = 1;
+      goto meta_command_exit;
+    }
 
     /* convert testctrl text option to value. allow any unique prefix
     ** of the option name, or a numerical value. */
-    n2 = strlen30(azArg[1]);
+    n2 = strlen30(zCmd);
     for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aCtrl); i++){
-      if( strncmp(azArg[1], aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, n2)==0 ){
+      if( strncmp(zCmd, aCtrl[i].zCtrlName, n2)==0 ){
         if( testctrl<0 ){
           testctrl = aCtrl[i].ctrlCode;
+          iCtrl = i;
         }else{
-          utf8_printf(stderr, "ambiguous option name: \"%s\"\n", azArg[1]);
-          testctrl = -1;
-          break;
+          utf8_printf(stderr, "Error: ambiguous test-control: \"%s\"\n"
+                              "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
+          rc = 1;
+          goto meta_command_exit;
         }
       }
     }
-    if( testctrl<0 ) testctrl = (int)integerValue(azArg[1]);
-    if( (testctrl<SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FIRST) || (testctrl>SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST) ){
-      utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: invalid testctrl option: %s\n", azArg[1]);
+    if( testctrl<0 ){
+      utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: unknown test-control: %s\n"
+                         "Use \".testctrl --help\" for help\n", zCmd);
     }else{
       switch(testctrl){
 
@@ -6471,10 +14286,7 @@
           if( nArg==3 ){
             int opt = (int)strtol(azArg[2], 0, 0);
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, p->db, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes a single int option\n",
-                    azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
@@ -6485,10 +14297,7 @@
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER:
           if( nArg==2 ){
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes no options\n",
-                        azArg[1]);
+            isOk = testctrl==SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BYTEORDER ? 1 : 3;
           }
           break;
 
@@ -6497,24 +14306,27 @@
           if( nArg==3 ){
             unsigned int opt = (unsigned int)integerValue(azArg[2]);
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes a single unsigned"
-                           " int option\n", azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
         /* sqlite3_test_control(int, int) */
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ASSERT:
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS:
+          if( nArg==3 ){
+            int opt = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
+            rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
+            isOk = 1;
+          }
+          break;
+
+        /* sqlite3_test_control(int, int) */
+        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT:
         case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_NEVER_CORRUPT:
           if( nArg==3 ){
             int opt = booleanValue(azArg[2]);
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,"Error: testctrl %s takes a single int option\n",
-                            azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
@@ -6524,11 +14336,7 @@
           if( nArg==3 ){
             const char *opt = azArg[2];
             rc2 = sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, opt);
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          } else {
-            utf8_printf(stderr,
-                        "Error: testctrl %s takes a single char * option\n",
-                        azArg[1]);
+            isOk = 1;
           }
           break;
 #endif
@@ -6539,23 +14347,27 @@
                           azArg[2],
                           integerValue(azArg[3]),
                           integerValue(azArg[4]));
-            raw_printf(p->out, "%d (0x%08x)\n", rc2, rc2);
-          }else{
-            raw_printf(stderr,"Usage: .testctrl imposter dbName onoff tnum\n");
+            isOk = 3;
           }
           break;
 
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BITVEC_TEST:
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_FAULT_INSTALL:
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_BENIGN_MALLOC_HOOKS:
-        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC:
-        default:
-          utf8_printf(stderr,
-                      "Error: CLI support for testctrl %s not implemented\n",
-                      azArg[1]);
-          break;
+#ifdef YYCOVERAGE
+        case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE:
+          if( nArg==2 ){
+            sqlite3_test_control(testctrl, p->out);
+            isOk = 3;
+          }
+#endif
       }
     }
+    if( isOk==0 && iCtrl>=0 ){
+      utf8_printf(p->out, "Usage: .testctrl %s %s\n", zCmd, aCtrl[iCtrl].zUsage);
+      rc = 1;
+    }else if( isOk==1 ){
+      raw_printf(p->out, "%d\n", rc2);
+    }else if( isOk==2 ){
+      raw_printf(p->out, "0x%08x\n", rc2);
+    }
   }else
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_UNTESTABLE) */
 
@@ -6585,7 +14397,7 @@
       goto meta_command_exit;
     }
     output_file_close(p->traceOut);
-    p->traceOut = output_file_open(azArg[1]);
+    p->traceOut = output_file_open(azArg[1], 0);
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT)
     if( p->traceOut==0 ){
       sqlite3_trace_v2(p->db, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -6609,8 +14421,7 @@
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3],
-                                    (int)strlen(azArg[3]));
+      rc = sqlite3_user_authenticate(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]));
       if( rc ){
         utf8_printf(stderr, "Authentication failed for user %s\n", azArg[2]);
         rc = 1;
@@ -6621,8 +14432,7 @@
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2],
-                            azArg[3], (int)strlen(azArg[3]),
+      rc = sqlite3_user_add(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                             booleanValue(azArg[4]));
       if( rc ){
         raw_printf(stderr, "User-Add failed: %d\n", rc);
@@ -6634,8 +14444,7 @@
         rc = 1;
         goto meta_command_exit;
       }
-      rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2],
-                              azArg[3], (int)strlen(azArg[3]),
+      rc = sqlite3_user_change(p->db, azArg[2], azArg[3], strlen30(azArg[3]),
                               booleanValue(azArg[4]));
       if( rc ){
         raw_printf(stderr, "User-Edit failed: %d\n", rc);
@@ -6663,6 +14472,20 @@
   if( c=='v' && strncmp(azArg[0], "version", n)==0 ){
     utf8_printf(p->out, "SQLite %s %s\n" /*extra-version-info*/,
         sqlite3_libversion(), sqlite3_sourceid());
+#if SQLITE_HAVE_ZLIB
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "zlib version %s\n", zlibVersion());
+#endif
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__) "\n");
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER) "\n");
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
+    utf8_printf(p->out, "gcc-" __VERSION__ "\n");
+#endif
   }else
 
   if( c=='v' && strncmp(azArg[0], "vfsinfo", n)==0 ){
@@ -6918,6 +14741,8 @@
       if( p->outCount ){
         output_reset(p);
         p->outCount = 0;
+      }else{
+        clearTempFile(p);
       }
     }else if( nSql && _all_whitespace(zSql) ){
       if( ShellHasFlag(p, SHFLG_Echo) ) printf("%s\n", zSql);
@@ -7067,7 +14892,7 @@
   "   -newline SEP         set output row separator. Default: '\\n'\n"
   "   -nullvalue TEXT      set text string for NULL values. Default ''\n"
   "   -pagecache SIZE N    use N slots of SZ bytes each for page cache memory\n"
-  "   -scratch SIZE N      use N slots of SZ bytes each for scratch memory\n"
+  "   -quote               set output mode to 'quote'\n"
   "   -separator SEP       set output column separator. Default: '|'\n"
   "   -stats               print memory stats before each finalize\n"
   "   -version             show SQLite version\n"
@@ -7170,7 +14995,7 @@
   stdout_is_console = isatty(1);
 
 #if USE_SYSTEM_SQLITE+0!=1
-  if( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)!=0 ){
+  if( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,60)!=0 ){
     utf8_printf(stderr, "SQLite header and source version mismatch\n%s\n%s\n",
             sqlite3_sourceid(), SQLITE_SOURCE_ID);
     exit(1);
@@ -7200,6 +15025,8 @@
   */
 #ifdef SIGINT
   signal(SIGINT, interrupt_handler);
+#elif (defined(_WIN32) || defined(WIN32)) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+  SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ConsoleCtrlHandler, TRUE);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_SHELL_DBNAME_PROC
@@ -7265,16 +15092,6 @@
 #else
       (void)cmdline_option_value(argc, argv, ++i);
 #endif
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-scratch")==0 ){
-      int n, sz;
-      sz = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
-      if( sz>400000 ) sz = 400000;
-      if( sz<2500 ) sz = 2500;
-      n = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
-      if( n>10 ) n = 10;
-      if( n<1 ) n = 1;
-      sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, malloc(n*sz+1), sz, n);
-      data.shellFlgs |= SHFLG_Scratch;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
       int n, sz;
       sz = (int)integerValue(cmdline_option_value(argc,argv,++i));
@@ -7319,6 +15136,12 @@
         utf8_printf(stderr, "no such VFS: \"%s\"\n", argv[i]);
         exit(1);
       }
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZIP
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+#endif
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
     }
   }
   if( data.zDbFilename==0 ){
@@ -7331,6 +15154,7 @@
 #endif
   }
   data.out = stdout;
+  sqlite3_appendvfs_init(0,0,0);
 
   /* Go ahead and open the database file if it already exists.  If the
   ** file does not exist, delay opening it.  This prevents empty database
@@ -7362,6 +15186,8 @@
       data.mode = MODE_Html;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-list")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_List;
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-quote")==0 ){
+      data.mode = MODE_Quote;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-line")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_Line;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-column")==0 ){
@@ -7369,6 +15195,12 @@
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-csv")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_Csv;
       memcpy(data.colSeparator,",",2);
+#ifdef SQLITE_HAVE_ZIP
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-zip")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_ZIPFILE;
+#endif
+    }else if( strcmp(z,"-append")==0 ){
+      data.openMode = SHELL_OPEN_APPENDVFS;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-ascii")==0 ){
       data.mode = MODE_Ascii;
       sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(data.colSeparator), data.colSeparator,
@@ -7391,9 +15223,9 @@
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-echo")==0 ){
       ShellSetFlag(&data, SHFLG_Echo);
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-eqp")==0 ){
-      data.autoEQP = 1;
+      data.autoEQP = AUTOEQP_on;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-eqpfull")==0 ){
-      data.autoEQP = 2;
+      data.autoEQP = AUTOEQP_full;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-stats")==0 ){
       data.statsOn = 1;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-scanstats")==0 ){
@@ -7416,8 +15248,6 @@
       stdin_is_interactive = 0;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-heap")==0 ){
       i++;
-    }else if( strcmp(z,"-scratch")==0 ){
-      i+=2;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-pagecache")==0 ){
       i+=2;
     }else if( strcmp(z,"-lookaside")==0 ){
@@ -7513,9 +15343,14 @@
         }
       }
       if( zHistory ){ shell_read_history(zHistory); }
+#if HAVE_READLINE || HAVE_EDITLINE
+      rl_attempted_completion_function = readline_completion;
+#elif HAVE_LINENOISE
+      linenoiseSetCompletionCallback(linenoise_completion);
+#endif
       rc = process_input(&data, 0);
       if( zHistory ){
-        shell_stifle_history(100);
+        shell_stifle_history(2000);
         shell_write_history(zHistory);
         free(zHistory);
       }
@@ -7530,6 +15365,9 @@
   }
   sqlite3_free(data.zFreeOnClose);
   find_home_dir(1);
+  output_reset(&data);
+  data.doXdgOpen = 0;
+  clearTempFile(&data);
 #if !SQLITE_SHELL_IS_UTF8
   for(i=0; i<argc; i++) sqlite3_free(argv[i]);
   sqlite3_free(argv);
diff --git a/dist/sqlite3.c b/dist/sqlite3.c
index 84f7166..3322b52 100644
--- a/dist/sqlite3.c
+++ b/dist/sqlite3.c
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /******************************************************************************
 ** This file is an amalgamation of many separate C source files from SQLite
-** version 3.19.4.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
+** version 3.22.0.  By combining all the individual C code files into this
 ** single large file, the entire code can be compiled as a single translation
 ** unit.  This allows many compilers to do optimizations that would not be
 ** possible if the files were compiled separately.  Performance improvements
@@ -22,6 +22,761 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_PRIVATE
 # define SQLITE_PRIVATE static
 #endif
+/************** Begin file ctime.c *******************************************/
+/*
+** 2010 February 23
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file implements routines used to report what compile-time options
+** SQLite was built with.
+*/
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+
+/*
+** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
+** autoconf-based build
+*/
+#if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
+#include "config.h"
+#define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
+#endif
+
+/* These macros are provided to "stringify" the value of the define
+** for those options in which the value is meaningful. */
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
+#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
+
+/*
+** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should 
+** be sorted A-Z.
+**
+** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
+** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
+** rather short and uses little memory space.
+*/
+static const char * const sqlite3azCompileOpt[] = {
+
+/* 
+** BEGIN CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl 
+*/
+#if SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
+  "32BIT_ROWID",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
+  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_64BIT_STATS
+  "64BIT_STATS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN
+  "ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY
+  "ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE
+  "BITMASK_TYPE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_BITMASK_TYPE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819
+  "BUG_COMPATIBLE_20160819",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
+  "CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
+  "CHECK_PAGES",
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
+  "COMPILER=clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
+                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__),
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+  "COMPILER=msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER),
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
+  "COMPILER=gcc-" __VERSION__,
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
+  "COVERAGE_TEST",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEBUG
+  "DEBUG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
+  "DEFAULT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM
+  "DEFAULT_AUTOVACUUM",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_CKPTFULLFSYNC
+  "DEFAULT_CKPTFULLFSYNC",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT
+  "DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_FORMAT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS
+  "DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_FILE_PERMISSIONS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS
+  "DEFAULT_FOREIGN_KEYS",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT
+  "DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
+  "DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE
+  "DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS
+  "DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ
+  "DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS
+  "DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_PROXYDIR_PERMISSIONS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS
+  "DEFAULT_RECURSIVE_TRIGGERS",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST
+  "DEFAULT_ROWEST=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE
+  "DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
+  "DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT
+  "DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
+  "DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS
+  "DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WORKER_THREADS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
+  "DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
+  "DISABLE_DIRSYNC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS3_UNICODE
+  "DISABLE_FTS3_UNICODE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED
+  "DISABLE_FTS4_DEFERRED",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_INTRINSIC
+  "DISABLE_INTRINSIC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
+  "DISABLE_LFS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS
+  "DISABLE_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW_STATS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT
+  "DISABLE_SKIPAHEAD_DISTINCT",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
+  "ENABLE_8_3_NAMES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  "ENABLE_API_ARMOR",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
+  "ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
+  "ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
+  "ENABLE_CEROD",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+  "ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK
+  "ENABLE_COLUMN_USED_MASK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT
+  "ENABLE_COSTMULT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
+  "ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
+  "ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
+  "ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
+  "ENABLE_FTS1",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
+  "ENABLE_FTS2",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
+  "ENABLE_FTS3",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
+  "ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER
+  "ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
+  "ENABLE_FTS4",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
+  "ENABLE_FTS5",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
+  "ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
+  "ENABLE_ICU",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
+  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
+  "ENABLE_JSON1",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
+  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
+  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
+  "ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
+  "ENABLE_MEMSYS3",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
+  "ENABLE_MEMSYS5",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTIPLEX
+  "ENABLE_MULTIPLEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_NULL_TRIM
+  "ENABLE_NULL_TRIM",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK
+  "ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+  "ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_QPSG
+  "ENABLE_QPSG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_RBU
+  "ENABLE_RBU",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+  "ENABLE_RTREE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE
+  "ENABLE_SELECTTRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION
+  "ENABLE_SESSION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
+  "ENABLE_SNAPSHOT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG
+  "ENABLE_SQLLOG",
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
+  "ENABLE_STAT4",
+#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
+  "ENABLE_STAT3",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+  "ENABLE_STMTVTAB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
+  "ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION
+  "ENABLE_UNKNOWN_SQL_FUNCTION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
+  "ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  "ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR
+  "ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_VFSTRACE
+  "ENABLE_VFSTRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_WHERETRACE
+  "ENABLE_WHERETRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ZIPVFS
+  "ENABLE_ZIPVFS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS
+  "EXPLAIN_ESTIMATED_ROWS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_EXTRA_IFNULLROW
+  "EXTRA_IFNULLROW",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT
+  "EXTRA_INIT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_EXTRA_INIT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN
+  "EXTRA_SHUTDOWN=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_EXTRA_SHUTDOWN),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
+  "FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_FTS3_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_FTS5_ENABLE_TEST_MI
+  "FTS5_ENABLE_TEST_MI",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID
+  "FTS5_NO_WITHOUT_ROWID",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
+  "HAS_CODEC",
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ISNAN || SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
+  "HAVE_ISNAN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
+  "HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS
+  "IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
+  "IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_INLINE_MEMCPY
+  "INLINE_MEMCPY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
+  "INT64_TYPE",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX
+  "INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_INTEGRITY_CHECK_ERROR_MAX),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
+  "LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
+  "LOCK_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_LOG_CACHE_SPILL
+  "LOG_CACHE_SPILL",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT
+  "MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MALLOC_SOFT_LIMIT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED
+  "MAX_ATTACHED=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_ATTACHED),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
+  "MAX_COLUMN=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  "MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_COMPOUND_SELECT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE
+  "MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH
+  "MAX_EXPR_DEPTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG
+  "MAX_FUNCTION_ARG=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_FUNCTION_ARG),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH
+  "MAX_LENGTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_LENGTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH
+  "MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY
+  "MAX_MEMORY=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MEMORY),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
+  "MAX_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_
+  "MAX_MMAP_SIZE_=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT
+  "MAX_PAGE_COUNT=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_COUNT),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE
+  "MAX_PAGE_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_PAGE_SIZE),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY
+  "MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH
+  "MAX_SQL_LENGTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_SQL_LENGTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH
+  "MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_TRIGGER_DEPTH),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER
+  "MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_VARIABLE_NUMBER),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP
+  "MAX_VDBE_OP=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_VDBE_OP),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS
+  "MAX_WORKER_THREADS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
+  "MEMDEBUG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
+  "MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MMAP_READWRITE
+  "MMAP_READWRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_NOOP
+  "MUTEX_NOOP",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_NREF
+  "MUTEX_NREF",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
+  "MUTEX_OMIT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_PTHREADS
+  "MUTEX_PTHREADS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_MUTEX_W32
+  "MUTEX_W32",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_NEED_ERR_NAME
+  "NEED_ERR_NAME",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_NOINLINE
+  "NOINLINE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_NO_SYNC
+  "NO_SYNC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
+  "OMIT_ALTERTABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
+  "OMIT_ANALYZE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
+  "OMIT_ATTACH",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
+  "OMIT_AUTHORIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
+  "OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
+  "OMIT_AUTOINIT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
+  "OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET
+  "OMIT_AUTORESET",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
+  "OMIT_AUTOVACUUM",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
+  "OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
+  "OMIT_BTREECOUNT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
+  "OMIT_CAST",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
+  "OMIT_CHECK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
+  "OMIT_COMPLETE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
+  "OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CONFLICT_CLAUSE
+  "OMIT_CONFLICT_CLAUSE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
+  "OMIT_CTE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
+  "OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
+  "OMIT_DECLTYPE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
+  "OMIT_DEPRECATED",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
+  "OMIT_DISKIO",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
+  "OMIT_EXPLAIN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
+  "OMIT_FLOATING_POINT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
+  "OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
+  "OMIT_GET_TABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER
+  "OMIT_HEX_INTEGER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
+  "OMIT_INCRBLOB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
+  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
+  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
+  "OMIT_LOCALTIME",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
+  "OMIT_LOOKASIDE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
+  "OMIT_MEMORYDB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PARSER_TRACE
+  "OMIT_PARSER_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_POPEN
+  "OMIT_POPEN",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
+  "OMIT_PRAGMA",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
+  "OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
+  "OMIT_QUICKBALANCE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
+  "OMIT_REINDEX",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
+  "OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
+  "OMIT_SHARED_CACHE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SHUTDOWN_DIRECTORIES
+  "OMIT_SHUTDOWN_DIRECTORIES",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
+  "OMIT_SUBQUERY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
+  "OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
+  "OMIT_TEMPDB",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TEST_CONTROL
+  "OMIT_TEST_CONTROL",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
+  "OMIT_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
+  "OMIT_TRIGGER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
+  "OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
+  "OMIT_UTF16",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
+  "OMIT_VACUUM",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
+  "OMIT_VIEW",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  "OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  "OMIT_WAL",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
+  "OMIT_WSD",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
+  "OMIT_XFER_OPT",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER
+  "PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
+  "PERFORMANCE_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE
+  "POWERSAFE_OVERWRITE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING
+  "PREFER_PROXY_LOCKING",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
+  "PROXY_DEBUG",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_REVERSE_UNORDERED_SELECTS
+  "REVERSE_UNORDERED_SELECTS",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
+  "RTREE_INT_ONLY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
+  "SECURE_DELETE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SMALL_STACK
+  "SMALL_STACK",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ
+  "SORTER_PMASZ=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_SORTER_PMASZ),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SOUNDEX
+  "SOUNDEX",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES
+  "STAT4_SAMPLES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_STAT4_SAMPLES),
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL
+  "STMTJRNL_SPILL=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_STMTJRNL_SPILL),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SUBSTR_COMPATIBILITY
+  "SUBSTR_COMPATIBILITY",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
+  "SYSTEM_MALLOC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_TCL
+  "TCL",
+#endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
+  "TEMP_STORE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE),
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_TEST
+  "TEST",
+#endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
+  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_THREADSAFE),
+#elif defined(THREADSAFE)
+  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(THREADSAFE),
+#else
+  "THREADSAFE=1",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_UNLINK_AFTER_CLOSE
+  "UNLINK_AFTER_CLOSE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
+  "UNTESTABLE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
+  "USER_AUTHENTICATION",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
+  "USE_ALLOCA",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USE_FCNTL_TRACE
+  "USE_FCNTL_TRACE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_USE_URI
+  "USE_URI",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_VDBE_COVERAGE
+  "VDBE_COVERAGE",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
+  "WIN32_MALLOC",
+#endif
+#if SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
+  "ZERO_MALLOC",
+#endif
+/* 
+** END CODE GENERATED BY tool/mkctime.tcl 
+*/
+};
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt){
+  *pnOpt = sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt) / sizeof(sqlite3azCompileOpt[0]);
+  return (const char**)sqlite3azCompileOpt;
+}
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
+
+/************** End of ctime.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file sqliteInt.h ***************************************/
 /*
 ** 2001 September 15
@@ -76,14 +831,6 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
-** Make sure that rand_s() is available on Windows systems with MSVC 2005
-** or higher.
-*/
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400
-#  define _CRT_RAND_S
-#endif
-
-/*
 ** Include the header file used to customize the compiler options for MSVC.
 ** This should be done first so that it can successfully prevent spurious
 ** compiler warnings due to subsequent content in this file and other files
@@ -276,7 +1023,7 @@
 /************** Include sqlite3.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***************/
 /************** Begin file sqlite3.h *****************************************/
 /*
-** 2001 September 15
+** 2001-09-15
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -392,15 +1139,17 @@
 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
-** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.
+** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
+** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
+** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.19.4"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3019004
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 17:05:48 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.22.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3022000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -416,7 +1165,7 @@
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
+** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
 **
@@ -426,9 +1175,11 @@
 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
+** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
+** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
+** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
@@ -694,7 +1445,7 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
@@ -709,7 +1460,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
+#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
@@ -717,7 +1468,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
+#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
@@ -743,6 +1494,8 @@
 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
 */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
@@ -786,6 +1539,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
@@ -1404,12 +2159,18 @@
 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
 **
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
+** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
+** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
+** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
+** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
+** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
+** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
+** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
+** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
+** Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
+** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
+** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
@@ -1937,6 +2698,16 @@
 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
+** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
+** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
+** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
+** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
+** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
+** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
+** </dd>
+**
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
@@ -1954,25 +2725,7 @@
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
-** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
-** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
-** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
-** times the database page size.
-** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
-** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
-** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
-** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
-** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
-** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
+** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
@@ -2008,8 +2761,7 @@
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
-** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
@@ -2202,7 +2954,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
@@ -2223,6 +2975,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2330,7 +3083,26 @@
 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 ** </dd>
-**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
+** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
+** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
+** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
+** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
+** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
+** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
+** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
+** was used during testing in the lab.
+** </dd>
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
+** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not 
+** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
+** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
+** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
+** non-zero to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written 
+** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if 
+** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.  
+** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
@@ -2340,7 +3112,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
-
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
@@ -3003,7 +3777,8 @@
 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
@@ -3200,8 +3975,8 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
 **
 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
-** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
-** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
+** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
+** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
 ** is one of the following constants.
 **
@@ -3410,10 +4185,10 @@
 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
-** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
+** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
-** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
+** URI filename interpretation is turned off
 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
 ** information.
@@ -3792,6 +4567,29 @@
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
+**
+** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
+** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
+**
+** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
+** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
+** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will 
+** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
+** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
+** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
+** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
+** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
@@ -3799,17 +4597,29 @@
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
+** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
+** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
+** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
+**
+** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
+** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
+** for special purposes.
+**
+** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
+** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
+** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
+** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
 **
 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
 **
 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
+** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
 **
 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
@@ -3836,10 +4646,11 @@
 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 **
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
+** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
+** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
+** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
+** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 ** behave differently in three ways:
@@ -3872,6 +4683,12 @@
 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
 ** </li>
+**
+** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
+** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
+** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
+** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
+** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
 ** </ol>
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
@@ -3888,6 +4705,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
@@ -3902,6 +4727,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
@@ -3909,7 +4742,8 @@
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
-** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
@@ -4028,8 +4862,9 @@
 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
+** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 */
@@ -4135,6 +4970,15 @@
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
+** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
+** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
+** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
+** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
+** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
+** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
+** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
@@ -4168,6 +5012,7 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
 
@@ -4211,8 +5056,8 @@
 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -4229,7 +5074,8 @@
 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -4383,16 +5229,18 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
 **
 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
+** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
+** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 ** interface will continue to be supported.
 **
 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
@@ -4453,10 +5301,11 @@
 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
+** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
+** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
@@ -4518,6 +5367,28 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an 
+** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the result
+** </table></blockquote>
+**
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
@@ -4539,16 +5410,29 @@
 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 **
+** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
+** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
+** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
+** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
+** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
+** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
+** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
+** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
+** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.  
+** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
+** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
 ** following a type conversion.
 **
+** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
+** of that BLOB or string.
+**
 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
@@ -4585,9 +5469,13 @@
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
+** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
+** is normally only useful within the implementation of 
+** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
+** top-level application code.
 **
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
+** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
+** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
 ** that are applied:
@@ -4659,7 +5547,7 @@
 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 ** [sqlite3_free()].
 **
@@ -4670,15 +5558,15 @@
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
@@ -4912,21 +5800,43 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 **
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.  
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
+** the native byteorder
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
+** against a virtual table.
+** </table></blockquote>
 **
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
+** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
+** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
+** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
+** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
+** is not threadsafe.
 **
 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
@@ -4937,6 +5847,24 @@
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
+** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized 
+** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
+** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
+** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
+** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() 
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
+** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
+** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
+** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
+** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
+** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
+** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
+** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
+** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
+**
 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
@@ -4945,6 +5873,19 @@
 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
 **
+** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
+** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
+** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
+** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
+** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
+** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
+** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
+** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
+** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
+** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
+**
 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
@@ -4955,18 +5896,19 @@
 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
@@ -4977,10 +5919,6 @@
 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
-**
-** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
-** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
-** input of another.
 */
 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 
@@ -5250,7 +6188,7 @@
 ** when it has finished using that result.
 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
+** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
@@ -5263,6 +6201,17 @@
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
+** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
+** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that 
+** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
+** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
+** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
+** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
+** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
+** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
@@ -5279,7 +6228,6 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
@@ -5287,6 +6235,7 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 
@@ -5946,7 +6895,9 @@
 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
-** does not.
+** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
+** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
+** undefined behavior.
 **
 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
@@ -6356,15 +7307,20 @@
 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
 */
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
@@ -7055,9 +8011,9 @@
 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
-** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
-** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
+** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 **
@@ -7069,7 +8025,7 @@
 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 ** xFileControl method.
 **
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
+** See also: [file control opcodes]
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
 
@@ -7116,7 +8072,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
@@ -7126,7 +8082,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
@@ -7175,8 +8132,7 @@
 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
@@ -7214,29 +8170,14 @@
 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
@@ -7249,12 +8190,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 
 /*
@@ -7459,6 +8400,24 @@
 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
+** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to 
+** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
+** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
+** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
+** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
+** cycle.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
+** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
+** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
+** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -7466,6 +8425,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
@@ -8376,6 +9338,40 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
+**
+** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
+** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
+** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
+** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
+** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
+** understands as a "no-change" value.
+**
+** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
+** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
+** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
+** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
+** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
+** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
+**
+** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
+** method of a [virtual table]. 
+**
+** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
+** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
+** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
+** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer 
+** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
+** constraint.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
 **
@@ -9102,6 +10098,35 @@
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
+**
+** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
+**
+** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to 
+** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)  
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are 
+** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes 
+** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
+** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
+** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
+** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
+** concat() and similar.
+**
+** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the 
+** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
+** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
+** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset 
+** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
+** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
+** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
+**
+** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
+** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
+** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
+** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
@@ -9330,8 +10355,8 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
-  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
-  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
+  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
+  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
 );
 
 /*
@@ -10098,12 +11123,12 @@
 **
 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
 ** </table>
 **
 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
@@ -10832,8 +11857,9 @@
 ** Include the configuration header output by 'configure' if we're using the
 ** autoconf-based build
 */
-#ifdef _HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H
-#include "config.h"
+#if defined(_HAVE_SQLITE_CONFIG_H) && !defined(SQLITECONFIG_H)
+/* #include "config.h" */
+#define SQLITECONFIG_H 1
 #endif
 
 /************** Include sqliteLimit.h in the middle of sqliteInt.h ***********/
@@ -11143,6 +12169,11 @@
 **
 ** Older versions of SQLite used an optional THREADSAFE macro.
 ** We support that for legacy.
+**
+** To ensure that the correct value of "THREADSAFE" is reported when querying
+** for compile-time options at runtime (e.g. "PRAGMA compile_options"), this
+** logic is partially replicated in ctime.c. If it is updated here, it should
+** also be updated there.
 */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
 # if defined(THREADSAFE)
@@ -11318,6 +12349,21 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
+** Some conditionals are optimizations only.  In other words, if the
+** conditionals are replaced with a constant 1 (true) or 0 (false) then
+** the correct answer is still obtained, though perhaps not as quickly.
+**
+** The following macros mark these optimizations conditionals.
+*/
+#if defined(SQLITE_MUTATION_TEST)
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (1)
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (0)
+#else
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(X)  (X)
+# define OK_IF_ALWAYS_FALSE(X) (X)
+#endif
+
+/*
 ** Some malloc failures are only possible if SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS is
 ** defined.  We need to defend against those failures when testing with
 ** SQLITE_TEST_REALLOC_STRESS, but we don't want the unreachable branches
@@ -11511,63 +12557,63 @@
 #define TK_AS                              24
 #define TK_WITHOUT                         25
 #define TK_COMMA                           26
-#define TK_ID                              27
-#define TK_ABORT                           28
-#define TK_ACTION                          29
-#define TK_AFTER                           30
-#define TK_ANALYZE                         31
-#define TK_ASC                             32
-#define TK_ATTACH                          33
-#define TK_BEFORE                          34
-#define TK_BY                              35
-#define TK_CASCADE                         36
-#define TK_CAST                            37
-#define TK_COLUMNKW                        38
-#define TK_CONFLICT                        39
-#define TK_DATABASE                        40
-#define TK_DESC                            41
-#define TK_DETACH                          42
-#define TK_EACH                            43
-#define TK_FAIL                            44
-#define TK_FOR                             45
-#define TK_IGNORE                          46
-#define TK_INITIALLY                       47
-#define TK_INSTEAD                         48
-#define TK_LIKE_KW                         49
-#define TK_MATCH                           50
-#define TK_NO                              51
-#define TK_KEY                             52
-#define TK_OF                              53
-#define TK_OFFSET                          54
-#define TK_PRAGMA                          55
-#define TK_RAISE                           56
-#define TK_RECURSIVE                       57
-#define TK_REPLACE                         58
-#define TK_RESTRICT                        59
-#define TK_ROW                             60
-#define TK_TRIGGER                         61
-#define TK_VACUUM                          62
-#define TK_VIEW                            63
-#define TK_VIRTUAL                         64
-#define TK_WITH                            65
-#define TK_REINDEX                         66
-#define TK_RENAME                          67
-#define TK_CTIME_KW                        68
-#define TK_ANY                             69
-#define TK_OR                              70
-#define TK_AND                             71
-#define TK_IS                              72
-#define TK_BETWEEN                         73
-#define TK_IN                              74
-#define TK_ISNULL                          75
-#define TK_NOTNULL                         76
-#define TK_NE                              77
-#define TK_EQ                              78
-#define TK_GT                              79
-#define TK_LE                              80
-#define TK_LT                              81
-#define TK_GE                              82
-#define TK_ESCAPE                          83
+#define TK_ABORT                           27
+#define TK_ACTION                          28
+#define TK_AFTER                           29
+#define TK_ANALYZE                         30
+#define TK_ASC                             31
+#define TK_ATTACH                          32
+#define TK_BEFORE                          33
+#define TK_BY                              34
+#define TK_CASCADE                         35
+#define TK_CAST                            36
+#define TK_CONFLICT                        37
+#define TK_DATABASE                        38
+#define TK_DESC                            39
+#define TK_DETACH                          40
+#define TK_EACH                            41
+#define TK_FAIL                            42
+#define TK_OR                              43
+#define TK_AND                             44
+#define TK_IS                              45
+#define TK_MATCH                           46
+#define TK_LIKE_KW                         47
+#define TK_BETWEEN                         48
+#define TK_IN                              49
+#define TK_ISNULL                          50
+#define TK_NOTNULL                         51
+#define TK_NE                              52
+#define TK_EQ                              53
+#define TK_GT                              54
+#define TK_LE                              55
+#define TK_LT                              56
+#define TK_GE                              57
+#define TK_ESCAPE                          58
+#define TK_ID                              59
+#define TK_COLUMNKW                        60
+#define TK_FOR                             61
+#define TK_IGNORE                          62
+#define TK_INITIALLY                       63
+#define TK_INSTEAD                         64
+#define TK_NO                              65
+#define TK_KEY                             66
+#define TK_OF                              67
+#define TK_OFFSET                          68
+#define TK_PRAGMA                          69
+#define TK_RAISE                           70
+#define TK_RECURSIVE                       71
+#define TK_REPLACE                         72
+#define TK_RESTRICT                        73
+#define TK_ROW                             74
+#define TK_TRIGGER                         75
+#define TK_VACUUM                          76
+#define TK_VIEW                            77
+#define TK_VIRTUAL                         78
+#define TK_WITH                            79
+#define TK_REINDEX                         80
+#define TK_RENAME                          81
+#define TK_CTIME_KW                        82
+#define TK_ANY                             83
 #define TK_BITAND                          84
 #define TK_BITOR                           85
 #define TK_LSHIFT                          86
@@ -11627,28 +12673,23 @@
 #define TK_INDEX                          140
 #define TK_ALTER                          141
 #define TK_ADD                            142
-#define TK_TO_TEXT                        143
-#define TK_TO_BLOB                        144
-#define TK_TO_NUMERIC                     145
-#define TK_TO_INT                         146
-#define TK_TO_REAL                        147
-#define TK_ISNOT                          148
-#define TK_END_OF_FILE                    149
-#define TK_UNCLOSED_STRING                150
-#define TK_FUNCTION                       151
-#define TK_COLUMN                         152
-#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   153
-#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     154
-#define TK_UMINUS                         155
-#define TK_UPLUS                          156
-#define TK_REGISTER                       157
-#define TK_VECTOR                         158
-#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  159
-#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    160
-#define TK_ASTERISK                       161
-#define TK_SPAN                           162
-#define TK_SPACE                          163
-#define TK_ILLEGAL                        164
+#define TK_ISNOT                          143
+#define TK_FUNCTION                       144
+#define TK_COLUMN                         145
+#define TK_AGG_FUNCTION                   146
+#define TK_AGG_COLUMN                     147
+#define TK_UMINUS                         148
+#define TK_UPLUS                          149
+#define TK_REGISTER                       150
+#define TK_VECTOR                         151
+#define TK_SELECT_COLUMN                  152
+#define TK_IF_NULL_ROW                    153
+#define TK_ASTERISK                       154
+#define TK_SPAN                           155
+#define TK_END_OF_FILE                    156
+#define TK_UNCLOSED_STRING                157
+#define TK_SPACE                          158
+#define TK_ILLEGAL                        159
 
 /* The token codes above must all fit in 8 bits */
 #define TKFLG_MASK           0xff  
@@ -11733,7 +12774,6 @@
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_TEMP_STORE
 # define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE 1
-# define SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -12043,7 +13083,6 @@
 # else
 #   define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE 0
 # endif
-# define SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1 /* exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -12053,7 +13092,6 @@
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
 # define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE 0
-# define SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc 1  /* Exclude from ctime.c */
 #endif
 #if SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE>SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE
 # undef SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE
@@ -12078,7 +13116,7 @@
 ** SELECTTRACE_ENABLED will be either 1 or 0 depending on whether or not
 ** the Select query generator tracing logic is turned on.
 */
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SELECTTRACE)
 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 1
 #else
 # define SELECTTRACE_ENABLED 0
@@ -12197,7 +13235,6 @@
 typedef struct Schema Schema;
 typedef struct Expr Expr;
 typedef struct ExprList ExprList;
-typedef struct ExprSpan ExprSpan;
 typedef struct FKey FKey;
 typedef struct FuncDestructor FuncDestructor;
 typedef struct FuncDef FuncDef;
@@ -12482,6 +13519,7 @@
   struct KeyInfo*,                     /* First argument to compare function */
   BtCursor *pCursor                    /* Space to write cursor structure */
 );
+SQLITE_PRIVATE BtCursor *sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCursorSize(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorZero(BtCursor*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BtreeCursorHintFlags(BtCursor*, unsigned);
@@ -12538,10 +13576,13 @@
                        int flags, int seekResult);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeFirst(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeLast(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor*, int flags);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeEof(BtCursor*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int *pRes);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor*, int flags);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeIntegerKey(BtCursor*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeOffset(BtCursor*);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor*, u32 offset, u32 amt, void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const void *sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(BtCursor*, u32 *pAmt);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(BtCursor*);
@@ -12691,7 +13732,7 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
     Expr *pExpr;           /* Used when p4type is P4_EXPR */
 #endif
-    int (*xAdvance)(BtCursor *, int *);
+    int (*xAdvance)(BtCursor *, int);
   } p4;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
   char *zComment;          /* Comment to improve readability */
@@ -12735,24 +13776,27 @@
 /*
 ** Allowed values of VdbeOp.p4type
 */
-#define P4_NOTUSED    0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
-#define P4_DYNAMIC  (-1)  /* Pointer to a string obtained from sqliteMalloc() */
-#define P4_STATIC   (-2)  /* Pointer to a static string */
-#define P4_COLLSEQ  (-3)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
-#define P4_FUNCDEF  (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
-#define P4_KEYINFO  (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
-#define P4_EXPR     (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to an Expr tree */
-#define P4_MEM      (-7)  /* P4 is a pointer to a Mem*    structure */
-#define P4_TRANSIENT  0   /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
-#define P4_VTAB     (-8) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
-#define P4_REAL     (-9) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
-#define P4_INT64    (-10) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
-#define P4_INT32    (-11) /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
-#define P4_INTARRAY (-12) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
-#define P4_SUBPROGRAM  (-13) /* P4 is a pointer to a SubProgram structure */
-#define P4_ADVANCE  (-14) /* P4 is a pointer to BtreeNext() or BtreePrev() */
-#define P4_TABLE    (-15) /* P4 is a pointer to a Table structure */
-#define P4_FUNCCTX  (-16) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object */
+#define P4_NOTUSED      0   /* The P4 parameter is not used */
+#define P4_TRANSIENT    0   /* P4 is a pointer to a transient string */
+#define P4_STATIC     (-1)  /* Pointer to a static string */
+#define P4_COLLSEQ    (-2)  /* P4 is a pointer to a CollSeq structure */
+#define P4_INT32      (-3)  /* P4 is a 32-bit signed integer */
+#define P4_SUBPROGRAM (-4)  /* P4 is a pointer to a SubProgram structure */
+#define P4_ADVANCE    (-5)  /* P4 is a pointer to BtreeNext() or BtreePrev() */
+#define P4_TABLE      (-6)  /* P4 is a pointer to a Table structure */
+/* Above do not own any resources.  Must free those below */
+#define P4_FREE_IF_LE (-7)
+#define P4_DYNAMIC    (-7)  /* Pointer to memory from sqliteMalloc() */
+#define P4_FUNCDEF    (-8)  /* P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef structure */
+#define P4_KEYINFO    (-9)  /* P4 is a pointer to a KeyInfo structure */
+#define P4_EXPR       (-10) /* P4 is a pointer to an Expr tree */
+#define P4_MEM        (-11) /* P4 is a pointer to a Mem*    structure */
+#define P4_VTAB       (-12) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_vtab structure */
+#define P4_REAL       (-13) /* P4 is a 64-bit floating point value */
+#define P4_INT64      (-14) /* P4 is a 64-bit signed integer */
+#define P4_INTARRAY   (-15) /* P4 is a vector of 32-bit integers */
+#define P4_FUNCCTX    (-16) /* P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object */
+#define P4_DYNBLOB    (-17) /* Pointer to memory from sqliteMalloc() */
 
 /* Error message codes for OP_Halt */
 #define P5_ConstraintNotNull 1
@@ -12798,87 +13842,87 @@
 #define OP_Savepoint       0
 #define OP_AutoCommit      1
 #define OP_Transaction     2
-#define OP_SorterNext      3
-#define OP_PrevIfOpen      4
-#define OP_NextIfOpen      5
-#define OP_Prev            6
-#define OP_Next            7
+#define OP_SorterNext      3 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_PrevIfOpen      4 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_NextIfOpen      5 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Prev            6 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Next            7 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Checkpoint      8
 #define OP_JournalMode     9
 #define OP_Vacuum         10
-#define OP_VFilter        11 /* synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'           */
+#define OP_VFilter        11 /* jump, synopsis: iplan=r[P3] zplan='P4'     */
 #define OP_VUpdate        12 /* synopsis: data=r[P3@P2]                    */
-#define OP_Goto           13
-#define OP_Gosub          14
-#define OP_InitCoroutine  15
-#define OP_Yield          16
-#define OP_MustBeInt      17
-#define OP_Jump           18
+#define OP_Goto           13 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Gosub          14 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_InitCoroutine  15 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Yield          16 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_MustBeInt      17 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Jump           18 /* jump                                       */
 #define OP_Not            19 /* same as TK_NOT, synopsis: r[P2]= !r[P1]    */
-#define OP_Once           20
-#define OP_If             21
-#define OP_IfNot          22
-#define OP_IfNullRow      23 /* synopsis: if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2 */
-#define OP_SeekLT         24 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekLE         25 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekGE         26 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekGT         27 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_NoConflict     28 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_NotFound       29 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_Found          30 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_SeekRowid      31 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3]                     */
-#define OP_NotExists      32 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3]                     */
-#define OP_Last           33
-#define OP_IfSmaller      34
-#define OP_SorterSort     35
-#define OP_Sort           36
-#define OP_Rewind         37
-#define OP_IdxLE          38 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_IdxGT          39 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_IdxLT          40 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_IdxGE          41 /* synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]                     */
-#define OP_RowSetRead     42 /* synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)                 */
-#define OP_RowSetTest     43 /* synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2   */
-#define OP_Program        44
-#define OP_FkIfZero       45 /* synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2          */
-#define OP_IfPos          46 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
-#define OP_IfNotZero      47 /* synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
-#define OP_DecrJumpZero   48 /* synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2          */
-#define OP_IncrVacuum     49
-#define OP_VNext          50
-#define OP_Init           51 /* synopsis: Start at P2                      */
-#define OP_Return         52
-#define OP_EndCoroutine   53
-#define OP_HaltIfNull     54 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
-#define OP_Halt           55
-#define OP_Integer        56 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
-#define OP_Int64          57 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
-#define OP_String         58 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
-#define OP_Null           59 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
-#define OP_SoftNull       60 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
-#define OP_Blob           61 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
-#define OP_Variable       62 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
-#define OP_Move           63 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
-#define OP_Copy           64 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
-#define OP_SCopy          65 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
-#define OP_IntCopy        66 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
-#define OP_ResultRow      67 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
-#define OP_CollSeq        68
-#define OP_Function0      69 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
-#define OP_Or             70 /* same as TK_OR, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2]) */
-#define OP_And            71 /* same as TK_AND, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2]) */
-#define OP_Function       72 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
-#define OP_AddImm         73 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
-#define OP_RealAffinity   74
-#define OP_IsNull         75 /* same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
-#define OP_NotNull        76 /* same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
-#define OP_Ne             77 /* same as TK_NE, synopsis: IF r[P3]!=r[P1]   */
-#define OP_Eq             78 /* same as TK_EQ, synopsis: IF r[P3]==r[P1]   */
-#define OP_Gt             79 /* same as TK_GT, synopsis: IF r[P3]>r[P1]    */
-#define OP_Le             80 /* same as TK_LE, synopsis: IF r[P3]<=r[P1]   */
-#define OP_Lt             81 /* same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1]    */
-#define OP_Ge             82 /* same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1]   */
-#define OP_ElseNotEq      83 /* same as TK_ESCAPE                          */
+#define OP_Once           20 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_If             21 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfNot          22 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfNullRow      23 /* jump, synopsis: if P1.nullRow then r[P3]=NULL, goto P2 */
+#define OP_SeekLT         24 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekLE         25 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekGE         26 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekGT         27 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_NoConflict     28 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_NotFound       29 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_Found          30 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_SeekRowid      31 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_NotExists      32 /* jump, synopsis: intkey=r[P3]               */
+#define OP_Last           33 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IfSmaller      34 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_SorterSort     35 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Sort           36 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Rewind         37 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_IdxLE          38 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxGT          39 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxLT          40 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_IdxGE          41 /* jump, synopsis: key=r[P3@P4]               */
+#define OP_RowSetRead     42 /* jump, synopsis: r[P3]=rowset(P1)           */
+#define OP_Or             43 /* same as TK_OR, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2]) */
+#define OP_And            44 /* same as TK_AND, synopsis: r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2]) */
+#define OP_RowSetTest     45 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2 */
+#define OP_Program        46 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_FkIfZero       47 /* jump, synopsis: if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_IfPos          48 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2 */
+#define OP_IfNotZero      49 /* jump, synopsis: if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2 */
+#define OP_IsNull         50 /* jump, same as TK_ISNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]==NULL goto P2 */
+#define OP_NotNull        51 /* jump, same as TK_NOTNULL, synopsis: if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2 */
+#define OP_Ne             52 /* jump, same as TK_NE, synopsis: IF r[P3]!=r[P1] */
+#define OP_Eq             53 /* jump, same as TK_EQ, synopsis: IF r[P3]==r[P1] */
+#define OP_Gt             54 /* jump, same as TK_GT, synopsis: IF r[P3]>r[P1] */
+#define OP_Le             55 /* jump, same as TK_LE, synopsis: IF r[P3]<=r[P1] */
+#define OP_Lt             56 /* jump, same as TK_LT, synopsis: IF r[P3]<r[P1] */
+#define OP_Ge             57 /* jump, same as TK_GE, synopsis: IF r[P3]>=r[P1] */
+#define OP_ElseNotEq      58 /* jump, same as TK_ESCAPE                    */
+#define OP_DecrJumpZero   59 /* jump, synopsis: if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2    */
+#define OP_IncrVacuum     60 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_VNext          61 /* jump                                       */
+#define OP_Init           62 /* jump, synopsis: Start at P2                */
+#define OP_Return         63
+#define OP_EndCoroutine   64
+#define OP_HaltIfNull     65 /* synopsis: if r[P3]=null halt               */
+#define OP_Halt           66
+#define OP_Integer        67 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P1                         */
+#define OP_Int64          68 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4                         */
+#define OP_String         69 /* synopsis: r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)              */
+#define OP_Null           70 /* synopsis: r[P2..P3]=NULL                   */
+#define OP_SoftNull       71 /* synopsis: r[P1]=NULL                       */
+#define OP_Blob           72 /* synopsis: r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)                */
+#define OP_Variable       73 /* synopsis: r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)           */
+#define OP_Move           74 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]                */
+#define OP_Copy           75 /* synopsis: r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]            */
+#define OP_SCopy          76 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
+#define OP_IntCopy        77 /* synopsis: r[P2]=r[P1]                      */
+#define OP_ResultRow      78 /* synopsis: output=r[P1@P2]                  */
+#define OP_CollSeq        79
+#define OP_AddImm         80 /* synopsis: r[P1]=r[P1]+P2                   */
+#define OP_RealAffinity   81
+#define OP_Cast           82 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
+#define OP_Permutation    83
 #define OP_BitAnd         84 /* same as TK_BITAND, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2] */
 #define OP_BitOr          85 /* same as TK_BITOR, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2] */
 #define OP_ShiftLeft      86 /* same as TK_LSHIFT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1] */
@@ -12889,78 +13933,82 @@
 #define OP_Divide         91 /* same as TK_SLASH, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1] */
 #define OP_Remainder      92 /* same as TK_REM, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1] */
 #define OP_Concat         93 /* same as TK_CONCAT, synopsis: r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1] */
-#define OP_Cast           94 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1])                  */
+#define OP_Compare        94 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
 #define OP_BitNot         95 /* same as TK_BITNOT, synopsis: r[P1]= ~r[P1] */
-#define OP_Permutation    96
+#define OP_Offset         96 /* synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)        */
 #define OP_String8        97 /* same as TK_STRING, synopsis: r[P2]='P4'    */
-#define OP_Compare        98 /* synopsis: r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]            */
-#define OP_Column         99 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
-#define OP_Affinity      100 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
-#define OP_MakeRecord    101 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
-#define OP_Count         102 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
-#define OP_ReadCookie    103
-#define OP_SetCookie     104
-#define OP_ReopenIdx     105 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenRead      106 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenWrite     107 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
-#define OP_OpenDup       108
-#define OP_OpenAutoindex 109 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
-#define OP_OpenEphemeral 110 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
-#define OP_SorterOpen    111
-#define OP_SequenceTest  112 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
-#define OP_OpenPseudo    113 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
-#define OP_Close         114
-#define OP_ColumnsUsed   115
-#define OP_Sequence      116 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
-#define OP_NewRowid      117 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
-#define OP_Insert        118 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
-#define OP_InsertInt     119 /* synopsis: intkey=P3 data=r[P2]             */
-#define OP_Delete        120
-#define OP_ResetCount    121
-#define OP_SorterCompare 122 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
-#define OP_SorterData    123 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
-#define OP_RowData       124 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
-#define OP_Rowid         125 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
-#define OP_NullRow       126
+#define OP_Column         98 /* synopsis: r[P3]=PX                         */
+#define OP_Affinity       99 /* synopsis: affinity(r[P1@P2])               */
+#define OP_MakeRecord    100 /* synopsis: r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])            */
+#define OP_Count         101 /* synopsis: r[P2]=count()                    */
+#define OP_ReadCookie    102
+#define OP_SetCookie     103
+#define OP_ReopenIdx     104 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenRead      105 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenWrite     106 /* synopsis: root=P2 iDb=P3                   */
+#define OP_OpenDup       107
+#define OP_OpenAutoindex 108 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
+#define OP_OpenEphemeral 109 /* synopsis: nColumn=P2                       */
+#define OP_SorterOpen    110
+#define OP_SequenceTest  111 /* synopsis: if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2   */
+#define OP_OpenPseudo    112 /* synopsis: P3 columns in r[P2]              */
+#define OP_Close         113
+#define OP_ColumnsUsed   114
+#define OP_Sequence      115 /* synopsis: r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++           */
+#define OP_NewRowid      116 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_Insert        117 /* synopsis: intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]          */
+#define OP_InsertInt     118 /* synopsis: intkey=P3 data=r[P2]             */
+#define OP_Delete        119
+#define OP_ResetCount    120
+#define OP_SorterCompare 121 /* synopsis: if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2 */
+#define OP_SorterData    122 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
+#define OP_RowData       123 /* synopsis: r[P2]=data                       */
+#define OP_Rowid         124 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
+#define OP_NullRow       125
+#define OP_SeekEnd       126
 #define OP_SorterInsert  127 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
 #define OP_IdxInsert     128 /* synopsis: key=r[P2]                        */
 #define OP_IdxDelete     129 /* synopsis: key=r[P2@P3]                     */
-#define OP_Seek          130 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid              */
+#define OP_DeferredSeek  130 /* synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed    */
 #define OP_IdxRowid      131 /* synopsis: r[P2]=rowid                      */
 #define OP_Real          132 /* same as TK_FLOAT, synopsis: r[P2]=P4       */
 #define OP_Destroy       133
 #define OP_Clear         134
 #define OP_ResetSorter   135
-#define OP_CreateIndex   136 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1                */
-#define OP_CreateTable   137 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1                */
-#define OP_SqlExec       138
-#define OP_ParseSchema   139
-#define OP_LoadAnalysis  140
-#define OP_DropTable     141
-#define OP_DropIndex     142
-#define OP_DropTrigger   143
-#define OP_IntegrityCk   144
-#define OP_RowSetAdd     145 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
-#define OP_Param         146
-#define OP_FkCounter     147 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
-#define OP_MemMax        148 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
-#define OP_OffsetLimit   149 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
-#define OP_AggStep0      150 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
-#define OP_AggStep       151 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
-#define OP_AggFinal      152 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
-#define OP_Expire        153
-#define OP_TableLock     154 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
-#define OP_VBegin        155
-#define OP_VCreate       156
-#define OP_VDestroy      157
-#define OP_VOpen         158
-#define OP_VColumn       159 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
-#define OP_VRename       160
-#define OP_Pagecount     161
-#define OP_MaxPgcnt      162
-#define OP_CursorHint    163
-#define OP_Noop          164
-#define OP_Explain       165
+#define OP_CreateBtree   136 /* synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3       */
+#define OP_SqlExec       137
+#define OP_ParseSchema   138
+#define OP_LoadAnalysis  139
+#define OP_DropTable     140
+#define OP_DropIndex     141
+#define OP_DropTrigger   142
+#define OP_IntegrityCk   143
+#define OP_RowSetAdd     144 /* synopsis: rowset(P1)=r[P2]                 */
+#define OP_Param         145
+#define OP_FkCounter     146 /* synopsis: fkctr[P1]+=P2                    */
+#define OP_MemMax        147 /* synopsis: r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])           */
+#define OP_OffsetLimit   148 /* synopsis: if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1) */
+#define OP_AggStep0      149 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
+#define OP_AggStep       150 /* synopsis: accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])       */
+#define OP_AggFinal      151 /* synopsis: accum=r[P1] N=P2                 */
+#define OP_Expire        152
+#define OP_TableLock     153 /* synopsis: iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3          */
+#define OP_VBegin        154
+#define OP_VCreate       155
+#define OP_VDestroy      156
+#define OP_VOpen         157
+#define OP_VColumn       158 /* synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)                */
+#define OP_VRename       159
+#define OP_Pagecount     160
+#define OP_MaxPgcnt      161
+#define OP_PureFunc0     162
+#define OP_Function0     163 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
+#define OP_PureFunc      164
+#define OP_Function      165 /* synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])             */
+#define OP_Trace         166
+#define OP_CursorHint    167
+#define OP_Noop          168
+#define OP_Explain       169
 
 /* Properties such as "out2" or "jump" that are specified in
 ** comments following the "case" for each opcode in the vdbe.c
@@ -12978,22 +14026,23 @@
 /*  16 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x01, 0x12, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03, 0x01,\
 /*  24 */ 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09, 0x09,\
 /*  32 */ 0x09, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,\
-/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x23, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x01, 0x03, 0x03,\
-/*  48 */ 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x08, 0x00,\
-/*  56 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
-/*  64 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26,\
-/*  72 */ 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
-/*  80 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
-/*  88 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x02, 0x12,\
-/*  96 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10,\
+/*  40 */ 0x01, 0x01, 0x23, 0x26, 0x26, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x01,\
+/*  48 */ 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x0b,\
+/*  56 */ 0x0b, 0x0b, 0x01, 0x03, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x02,\
+/*  64 */ 0x02, 0x08, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
+/*  72 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/*  80 */ 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x00, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26,\
+/*  88 */ 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x26, 0x00, 0x12,\
+/*  96 */ 0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00,\
 /* 104 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04,\
+/* 112 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 120 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04,\
 /* 128 */ 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 136 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 144 */ 0x00, 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 136 */ 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 144 */ 0x06, 0x10, 0x00, 0x04, 0x1a, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
 /* 152 */ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
-/* 160 */ 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,}
+/* 160 */ 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,\
+/* 168 */ 0x00, 0x00,}
 
 /* The sqlite3P2Values() routine is able to run faster if it knows
 ** the value of the largest JUMP opcode.  The smaller the maximum
@@ -13001,12 +14050,18 @@
 ** generated this include file strives to group all JUMP opcodes
 ** together near the beginning of the list.
 */
-#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  83  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */
+#define SQLITE_MX_JUMP_OPCODE  62  /* Maximum JUMP opcode */
 
 /************** End of opcodes.h *********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in vdbe.h ***********************/
 
 /*
+** Additional non-public SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags
+*/
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL  0x80  /* Preserve SQL text */
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK     0x0f  /* Mask of public flags */
+
+/*
 ** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
 ** for a description of what each of these routines does.
 */
@@ -13063,7 +14118,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
@@ -13085,6 +14141,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeLinkSubProgram(Vdbe *, SubProgram *);
 #endif
 
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context*);
+
 /* Use SQLITE_ENABLE_COMMENTS to enable generation of extra comments on
 ** each VDBE opcode.
 **
@@ -13310,6 +14368,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerRef(DbPage*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(DbPage*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage*);
 
 /* Operations on page references. */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3PagerWrite(DbPage*);
@@ -13429,6 +14488,7 @@
   sqlite3_pcache_page *pPage;    /* Pcache object page handle */
   void *pData;                   /* Page data */
   void *pExtra;                  /* Extra content */
+  PCache *pCache;                /* PRIVATE: Cache that owns this page */
   PgHdr *pDirty;                 /* Transient list of dirty sorted by pgno */
   Pager *pPager;                 /* The pager this page is part of */
   Pgno pgno;                     /* Page number for this page */
@@ -13438,14 +14498,15 @@
   u16 flags;                     /* PGHDR flags defined below */
 
   /**********************************************************************
-  ** Elements above are public.  All that follows is private to pcache.c
-  ** and should not be accessed by other modules.
+  ** Elements above, except pCache, are public.  All that follow are 
+  ** private to pcache.c and should not be accessed by other modules.
+  ** pCache is grouped with the public elements for efficiency.
   */
   i16 nRef;                      /* Number of users of this page */
-  PCache *pCache;                /* Cache that owns this page */
-
   PgHdr *pDirtyNext;             /* Next element in list of dirty pages */
   PgHdr *pDirtyPrev;             /* Previous element in list of dirty pages */
+                          /* NB: pDirtyNext and pDirtyPrev are undefined if the
+                          ** PgHdr object is not dirty */
 };
 
 /* Bit values for PgHdr.flags */
@@ -13827,10 +14888,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED 0xca093fa0
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSectorSize(sqlite3_file *id);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmMap(sqlite3_file *,int,int,int,void volatile **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmLock(sqlite3_file *id, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OsShmBarrier(sqlite3_file *id);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmUnmap(sqlite3_file *id, int);
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFetch(sqlite3_file *id, i64, int, void **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsUnfetch(sqlite3_file *, i64, void *);
 
@@ -14039,6 +15102,7 @@
 #define DB_SchemaLoaded    0x0001  /* The schema has been loaded */
 #define DB_UnresetViews    0x0002  /* Some views have defined column names */
 #define DB_Empty           0x0004  /* The file is empty (length 0 bytes) */
+#define DB_ResetWanted     0x0008  /* Reset the schema when nSchemaLock==0 */
 
 /*
 ** The number of different kinds of things that can be limited
@@ -14070,9 +15134,9 @@
   u32 bDisable;           /* Only operate the lookaside when zero */
   u16 sz;                 /* Size of each buffer in bytes */
   u8 bMalloced;           /* True if pStart obtained from sqlite3_malloc() */
-  int nOut;               /* Number of buffers currently checked out */
-  int mxOut;              /* Highwater mark for nOut */
-  int anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
+  u32 nSlot;              /* Number of lookaside slots allocated */
+  u32 anStat[3];          /* 0: hits.  1: size misses.  2: full misses */
+  LookasideSlot *pInit;   /* List of buffers not previously used */
   LookasideSlot *pFree;   /* List of available buffers */
   void *pStart;           /* First byte of available memory space */
   void *pEnd;             /* First byte past end of available space */
@@ -14151,9 +15215,11 @@
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;         /* Connection mutex */
   Db *aDb;                      /* All backends */
   int nDb;                      /* Number of backends currently in use */
-  int flags;                    /* Miscellaneous flags. See below */
+  u32 mDbFlags;                 /* flags recording internal state */
+  u32 flags;                    /* flags settable by pragmas. See below */
   i64 lastRowid;                /* ROWID of most recent insert (see above) */
   i64 szMmap;                   /* Default mmap_size setting */
+  u32 nSchemaLock;              /* Do not reset the schema when non-zero */
   unsigned int openFlags;       /* Flags passed to sqlite3_vfs.xOpen() */
   int errCode;                  /* Most recent error code (SQLITE_*) */
   int errMask;                  /* & result codes with this before returning */
@@ -14236,7 +15302,7 @@
   Hash aModule;                 /* populated by sqlite3_create_module() */
   VtabCtx *pVtabCtx;            /* Context for active vtab connect/create */
   VTable **aVTrans;             /* Virtual tables with open transactions */
-  VTable *pDisconnect;    /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
+  VTable *pDisconnect;          /* Disconnect these in next sqlite3_prepare() */
 #endif
   Hash aFunc;                   /* Hash table of connection functions */
   Hash aCollSeq;                /* All collating sequences */
@@ -14285,8 +15351,8 @@
 **      SQLITE_CkptFullFSync == PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC
 **      SQLITE_CacheSpill    == PAGER_CACHE_SPILL
 */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x00000001  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
-#define SQLITE_InternChanges  0x00000002  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
+#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000001  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
+#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00000002  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
 #define SQLITE_FullColNames   0x00000004  /* Show full column names on SELECT */
 #define SQLITE_FullFSync      0x00000008  /* Use full fsync on the backend */
 #define SQLITE_CkptFullFSync  0x00000010  /* Use full fsync for checkpoint */
@@ -14297,30 +15363,38 @@
                                           /*   the count using a callback. */
 #define SQLITE_NullCallback   0x00000100  /* Invoke the callback once if the */
                                           /*   result set is empty */
-#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x00000200  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x00000400  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
-#define SQLITE_WriteSchema    0x00000800  /* OK to update SQLITE_MASTER */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x00001000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
-#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00002000  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
-#define SQLITE_ReadUncommitted 0x0004000  /* For shared-cache mode */
-#define SQLITE_LegacyFileFmt  0x00008000  /* Create new databases in format 1 */
-#define SQLITE_RecoveryMode   0x00010000  /* Ignore schema errors */
-#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00020000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
-#define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00040000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
-#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00080000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
-#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
-#define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
-#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
-#define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00800000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
-#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x01000000  /* True to enable triggers */
-#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x02000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
-#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x04000000  /* Disable database changes */
-#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x08000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
-#define SQLITE_Vacuum         0x10000000  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
-#define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x20000000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
-#define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x40000000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
-#define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x80000000  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
+#define SQLITE_IgnoreChecks   0x00000200  /* Do not enforce check constraints */
+#define SQLITE_ReadUncommit   0x00000400  /* READ UNCOMMITTED in shared-cache */
+#define SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  0x00000800  /* No checkpoint on close()/DETACH */
+#define SQLITE_ReverseOrder   0x00001000  /* Reverse unordered SELECTs */
+#define SQLITE_RecTriggers    0x00002000  /* Enable recursive triggers */
+#define SQLITE_ForeignKeys    0x00004000  /* Enforce foreign key constraints  */
+#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00008000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
+#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00010000  /* Enable load_extension */
+#define SQLITE_LoadExtFunc    0x00020000  /* Enable load_extension() SQL func */
+#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00040000  /* True to enable triggers */
+#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x00080000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
+#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x00100000  /* Disable database changes */
+#define SQLITE_CellSizeCk     0x00200000  /* Check btree cell sizes on load */
+#define SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  0x00400000  /* Enable fts3_tokenizer(2) */
+#define SQLITE_EnableQPSG     0x00800000  /* Query Planner Stability Guarantee*/
+#define SQLITE_TriggerEQP     0x01000000  /* Show trigger EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
 
+/* Flags used only if debugging */
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+#define SQLITE_SqlTrace       0x08000000  /* Debug print SQL as it executes */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeListing    0x10000000  /* Debug listings of VDBE programs */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeTrace      0x20000000  /* True to trace VDBE execution */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeAddopTrace 0x40000000  /* Trace sqlite3VdbeAddOp() calls */
+#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x80000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Allowed values for sqlite3.mDbFlags
+*/
+#define DBFLAG_SchemaChange   0x0001  /* Uncommitted Hash table changes */
+#define DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin  0x0002  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
+#define DBFLAG_Vacuum         0x0004  /* Currently in a VACUUM */
 
 /*
 ** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
@@ -14331,15 +15405,15 @@
 #define SQLITE_ColumnCache    0x0002   /* Column cache */
 #define SQLITE_GroupByOrder   0x0004   /* GROUPBY cover of ORDERBY */
 #define SQLITE_FactorOutConst 0x0008   /* Constant factoring */
-/*                not used    0x0010   // Was: SQLITE_IdxRealAsInt */
-#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0020   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
-#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0040   /* Covering index scans */
-#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0080   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
-#define SQLITE_SubqCoroutine  0x0100   /* Evaluate subqueries as coroutines */
-#define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0200   /* Transitive constraints */
-#define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0400   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
+#define SQLITE_DistinctOpt    0x0010   /* DISTINCT using indexes */
+#define SQLITE_CoverIdxScan   0x0020   /* Covering index scans */
+#define SQLITE_OrderByIdxJoin 0x0040   /* ORDER BY of joins via index */
+#define SQLITE_Transitive     0x0080   /* Transitive constraints */
+#define SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin   0x0100   /* Omit unused tables in joins */
+#define SQLITE_CountOfView    0x0200   /* The count-of-view optimization */
+#define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x0400   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
 #define SQLITE_Stat34         0x0800   /* Use STAT3 or STAT4 data */
-#define SQLITE_CursorHints    0x2000   /* Add OP_CursorHint opcodes */
+   /* TH3 expects the Stat34  ^^^^^^ value to be 0x0800.  Don't change it */
 #define SQLITE_AllOpts        0xffff   /* All optimizations */
 
 /*
@@ -14438,6 +15512,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG  0x2000 /* "Slow Change". Value constant during a
                                     ** single query - might change over time */
 #define SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY 0x4000 /* Built-in affinity() function */
+#define SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET   0x8000 /* Built-in sqlite_offset() function */
 
 /*
 ** The following three macros, FUNCTION(), LIKEFUNC() and AGGREGATE() are
@@ -14457,7 +15532,14 @@
 **     Like FUNCTION except it omits the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flag and
 **     adds the SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG flag.  Used for date & time functions
 **     and functions like sqlite_version() that can change, but not during
-**     a single query.
+**     a single query.  The iArg is ignored.  The user-data is always set
+**     to a NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
+**
+**   PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc)
+**     Used for "pure" date/time functions, this macro is like DFUNCTION
+**     except that it does set the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT flags.  iArg is
+**     ignored and the user-data for these functions is set to an 
+**     arbitrary non-NULL pointer.  The bNC parameter is not used.
 **
 **   AGGREGATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xStep, xFinal)
 **     Used to create an aggregate function definition implemented by
@@ -14480,8 +15562,11 @@
   {nArg, SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
 #define DFUNCTION(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
-  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL), \
-   SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
+  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8, \
+   0, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
+#define PURE_DATE(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc) \
+  {nArg, SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG|SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT, \
+   (void*)&sqlite3Config, 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
 #define FUNCTION2(zName, nArg, iArg, bNC, xFunc, extraFlags) \
   {nArg,SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_UTF8|(bNC*SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)|extraFlags,\
    SQLITE_INT_TO_PTR(iArg), 0, xFunc, 0, #zName, {0} }
@@ -14860,8 +15945,8 @@
 struct KeyInfo {
   u32 nRef;           /* Number of references to this KeyInfo object */
   u8 enc;             /* Text encoding - one of the SQLITE_UTF* values */
-  u16 nField;         /* Number of key columns in the index */
-  u16 nXField;        /* Number of columns beyond the key columns */
+  u16 nKeyField;      /* Number of key columns in the index */
+  u16 nAllField;      /* Total columns, including key plus others */
   sqlite3 *db;        /* The database connection */
   u8 *aSortOrder;     /* Sort order for each column. */
   CollSeq *aColl[1];  /* Collating sequence for each term of the key */
@@ -14908,8 +15993,8 @@
   u16 nField;         /* Number of entries in apMem[] */
   i8 default_rc;      /* Comparison result if keys are equal */
   u8 errCode;         /* Error detected by xRecordCompare (CORRUPT or NOMEM) */
-  i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
-  i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (rhs < lhs) */
+  i8 r1;              /* Value to return if (lhs < rhs) */
+  i8 r2;              /* Value to return if (lhs > rhs) */
   u8 eqSeen;          /* True if an equality comparison has been seen */
 };
 
@@ -14972,6 +16057,7 @@
   unsigned isCovering:1;   /* True if this is a covering index */
   unsigned noSkipScan:1;   /* Do not try to use skip-scan if true */
   unsigned hasStat1:1;     /* aiRowLogEst values come from sqlite_stat1 */
+  unsigned bNoQuery:1;     /* Do not use this index to optimize queries */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
   int nSample;             /* Number of elements in aSample[] */
   int nSampleCol;          /* Size of IndexSample.anEq[] and so on */
@@ -15193,7 +16279,8 @@
                          ** TK_COLUMN: the value of p5 for OP_Column
                          ** TK_AGG_FUNCTION: nesting depth */
   AggInfo *pAggInfo;     /* Used by TK_AGG_COLUMN and TK_AGG_FUNCTION */
-  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions. */
+  Table *pTab;           /* Table for TK_COLUMN expressions.  Can be NULL
+                         ** for a column of an index on an expression */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -15201,8 +16288,8 @@
 */
 #define EP_FromJoin  0x000001 /* Originates in ON/USING clause of outer join */
 #define EP_Agg       0x000002 /* Contains one or more aggregate functions */
-#define EP_Resolved  0x000004 /* IDs have been resolved to COLUMNs */
-#define EP_Error     0x000008 /* Expression contains one or more errors */
+#define EP_HasFunc   0x000004 /* Contains one or more functions of any kind */
+                  /* 0x000008 // available for use */
 #define EP_Distinct  0x000010 /* Aggregate function with DISTINCT keyword */
 #define EP_VarSelect 0x000020 /* pSelect is correlated, not constant */
 #define EP_DblQuoted 0x000040 /* token.z was originally in "..." */
@@ -15225,9 +16312,10 @@
 #define EP_Leaf      0x800000 /* Expr.pLeft, .pRight, .u.pSelect all NULL */
 
 /*
-** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
+** The EP_Propagate mask is a set of properties that automatically propagate
+** upwards into parent nodes.
 */
-#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */
+#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery|EP_HasFunc)
 
 /*
 ** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the
@@ -15281,7 +16369,6 @@
 */
 struct ExprList {
   int nExpr;             /* Number of expressions on the list */
-  int nAlloc;            /* Number of a[] slots allocated */
   struct ExprList_item { /* For each expression in the list */
     Expr *pExpr;            /* The parse tree for this expression */
     char *zName;            /* Token associated with this expression */
@@ -15301,17 +16388,6 @@
 };
 
 /*
-** An instance of this structure is used by the parser to record both
-** the parse tree for an expression and the span of input text for an
-** expression.
-*/
-struct ExprSpan {
-  Expr *pExpr;          /* The expression parse tree */
-  const char *zStart;   /* First character of input text */
-  const char *zEnd;     /* One character past the end of input text */
-};
-
-/*
 ** An instance of this structure can hold a simple list of identifiers,
 ** such as the list "a,b,c" in the following statements:
 **
@@ -15508,6 +16584,7 @@
 #define NC_IdxExpr   0x0020  /* True if resolving columns of CREATE INDEX */
 #define NC_VarSelect 0x0040  /* A correlated subquery has been seen */
 #define NC_MinMaxAgg 0x1000  /* min/max aggregates seen.  See note above */
+#define NC_Complex   0x2000  /* True if a function or subquery seen */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure contains all information
@@ -15547,7 +16624,6 @@
   Select *pPrior;        /* Prior select in a compound select statement */
   Select *pNext;         /* Next select to the left in a compound */
   Expr *pLimit;          /* LIMIT expression. NULL means not used. */
-  Expr *pOffset;         /* OFFSET expression. NULL means not used. */
   With *pWith;           /* WITH clause attached to this select. Or NULL. */
 };
 
@@ -15578,6 +16654,7 @@
 #define SF_MaybeConvert   0x08000  /* Need convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
 #define SF_Converted      0x10000  /* By convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
 #define SF_IncludeHidden  0x20000  /* Include hidden columns in output */
+#define SF_ComplexResult  0x40000  /* Result set contains subquery or function */
 
 
 /*
@@ -15669,10 +16746,10 @@
 */
 struct SelectDest {
   u8 eDest;            /* How to dispose of the results.  On of SRT_* above. */
-  char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
   int iSDParm;         /* A parameter used by the eDest disposal method */
   int iSdst;           /* Base register where results are written */
   int nSdst;           /* Number of registers allocated */
+  char *zAffSdst;      /* Affinity used when eDest==SRT_Set */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;  /* Key columns for SRT_Queue and SRT_DistQueue */
 };
 
@@ -15782,8 +16859,8 @@
   int nMem;            /* Number of memory cells used so far */
   int nOpAlloc;        /* Number of slots allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
   int szOpAlloc;       /* Bytes of memory space allocated for Vdbe.aOp[] */
-  int ckBase;          /* Base register of data during check constraints */
-  int iSelfTab;        /* Table of an index whose exprs are being coded */
+  int iSelfTab;        /* Table associated with an index on expr, or negative
+                       ** of the base register during check-constraint eval */
   int iCacheLevel;     /* ColCache valid when aColCache[].iLevel<=iCacheLevel */
   int iCacheCnt;       /* Counter used to generate aColCache[].lru values */
   int nLabel;          /* Number of labels used */
@@ -15806,7 +16883,7 @@
   AutoincInfo *pAinc;  /* Information about AUTOINCREMENT counters */
   Parse *pToplevel;    /* Parse structure for main program (or NULL) */
   Table *pTriggerTab;  /* Table triggers are being coded for */
-  int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateTable opcode on CREATE TABLE */
+  int addrCrTab;       /* Address of OP_CreateBtree opcode on CREATE TABLE */
   u32 nQueryLoop;      /* Est number of iterations of a query (10*log2(N)) */
   u32 oldmask;         /* Mask of old.* columns referenced */
   u32 newmask;         /* Mask of new.* columns referenced */
@@ -15923,6 +17000,7 @@
 #define OPFLAG_PERMUTE       0x01    /* OP_Compare: use the permutation */
 #define OPFLAG_SAVEPOSITION  0x02    /* OP_Delete/Insert: save cursor pos */
 #define OPFLAG_AUXDELETE     0x04    /* OP_Delete: index in a DELETE op */
+#define OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC  0x6d    /* OP_MakeRecord: serialtype 10 is ok */
 
 /*
  * Each trigger present in the database schema is stored as an instance of
@@ -16010,6 +17088,7 @@
   Expr *pWhere;        /* The WHERE clause for DELETE or UPDATE steps */
   ExprList *pExprList; /* SET clause for UPDATE. */
   IdList *pIdList;     /* Column names for INSERT */
+  char *zSpan;         /* Original SQL text of this command */
   TriggerStep *pNext;  /* Next in the link-list */
   TriggerStep *pLast;  /* Last element in link-list. Valid for 1st elem only */
 };
@@ -16035,11 +17114,10 @@
 */
 struct StrAccum {
   sqlite3 *db;         /* Optional database for lookaside.  Can be NULL */
-  char *zBase;         /* A base allocation.  Not from malloc. */
   char *zText;         /* The string collected so far */
-  u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
   u32  nAlloc;         /* Amount of space allocated in zText */
   u32  mxAlloc;        /* Maximum allowed allocation.  0 for no malloc usage */
+  u32  nChar;          /* Length of the string so far */
   u8   accError;       /* STRACCUM_NOMEM or STRACCUM_TOOBIG */
   u8   printfFlags;    /* SQLITE_PRINTF flags below */
 };
@@ -16074,6 +17152,7 @@
   int bFullMutex;                   /* True to enable full mutexing */
   int bOpenUri;                     /* True to interpret filenames as URIs */
   int bUseCis;                      /* Use covering indices for full-scans */
+  int bSmallMalloc;                 /* Avoid large memory allocations if true */
   int mxStrlen;                     /* Maximum string length */
   int neverCorrupt;                 /* Database is always well-formed */
   int szLookaside;                  /* Default lookaside buffer size */
@@ -16087,9 +17166,6 @@
   int mnReq, mxReq;                 /* Min and max heap requests sizes */
   sqlite3_int64 szMmap;             /* mmap() space per open file */
   sqlite3_int64 mxMmap;             /* Maximum value for szMmap */
-  void *pScratch;                   /* Scratch memory */
-  int szScratch;                    /* Size of each scratch buffer */
-  int nScratch;                     /* Number of scratch buffers */
   void *pPage;                      /* Page cache memory */
   int szPage;                       /* Size of each page in pPage[] */
   int nPage;                        /* Number of pages in pPage[] */
@@ -16175,6 +17251,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(Walker*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(Walker*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprWalkNoop(Walker*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker*, Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker*, Select*);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker*, Select*);
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Return code from the parse-tree walking primitives and their
@@ -16227,6 +17308,7 @@
 ** using sqlite3_log().  The routines also provide a convenient place
 ** to set a debugger breakpoint.
 */
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MisuseError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int);
@@ -16236,11 +17318,14 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3NomemError(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int,Pgno);
 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3NomemError(__LINE__)
 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT sqlite3IoerrnomemError(__LINE__)
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(__LINE__,(P))
 #else
 # define SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_NOMEM
 # define SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM_BKPT SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(P) sqlite3CorruptError(__LINE__)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -16314,6 +17399,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(sqlite3*, u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrDup(sqlite3*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbStrNDup(sqlite3*,const char*, u64);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3Realloc(void*, u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3DbRealloc(sqlite3 *, void *, u64);
@@ -16321,8 +17407,6 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DbFreeNN(sqlite3*, void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MallocSize(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbMallocSize(sqlite3*, void*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3PageMalloc(int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PageFree(void*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MemSetDefault(void);
@@ -16378,11 +17462,18 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusUp(int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusDown(int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StatusHighwater(int, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3*,int*);
 
 /* Access to mutexes used by sqlite3_status() */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3Pcache1Mutex(void);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_mutex *sqlite3MallocMutex(void);
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) && !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex*);
+#else
+# define sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(x)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3IsNaN(double);
 #else
@@ -16447,7 +17538,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(Parse*,ExprList*,IdList*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
@@ -16477,7 +17568,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(Parse*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,ExprSpan*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse*,Expr*,const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddCollateType(Parse*, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,u8,Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParseUri(const char*,const char*,unsigned int*,
@@ -16549,16 +17640,16 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DropIndex(Parse*, SrcList*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Select(Parse*, Select*, SelectDest*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Select *sqlite3SelectNew(Parse*,ExprList*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,
-                         Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*,Expr*);
+                         Expr*,ExprList*,u32,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3*, Select*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Table *sqlite3SrcListLookup(Parse*, SrcList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsReadOnly(Parse*, Table*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3OpenTable(Parse*, int iCur, int iDb, Table*, int);
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,Expr*,char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3LimitWhere(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,Expr*,char*);
 #endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(Parse*, SrcList*, Expr*, ExprList*, Expr*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Update(Parse*, SrcList*, ExprList*,Expr*,int,ExprList*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE WhereInfo *sqlite3WhereBegin(Parse*,SrcList*,Expr*,ExprList*,ExprList*,u16,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3WhereEnd(WhereInfo*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3WhereOutputRowCount(WhereInfo*);
@@ -16609,10 +17700,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Vacuum(Parse*,Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3RunVacuum(char**, sqlite3*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3NameFromToken(sqlite3*, Token*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprListCompare(ExprList*, ExprList*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse*,Expr*, Expr*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext*, Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggList(NameContext*,ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(Expr*, int iCur, Index *pIdx);
@@ -16626,8 +17717,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifySchema(Parse*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CodeVerifyNamedSchema(Parse*, const char *zDb);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3BeginTransaction(Parse*, int);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
@@ -16683,7 +17773,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ChangeCookie(Parse*, int);
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MaterializeView(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, ExprList*,Expr*,int);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
@@ -16699,11 +17789,14 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3CodeRowTriggerDirect(Parse *, Trigger *, Table *, int, int, int);
   void sqliteViewTriggers(Parse*, Table*, Expr*, int, ExprList*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(sqlite3*, TriggerStep*);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3*,Select*,
+                                        const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(sqlite3*,Token*, IdList*,
-                                        Select*,u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*);
+                                        Select*,u8,const char*,const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(sqlite3*,Token*,ExprList*, Expr*, u8,
+                                        const char*,const char*);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(sqlite3*,Token*, Expr*,
+                                        const char*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3DeleteTrigger(sqlite3*, Trigger*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3UnlinkAndDeleteTrigger(sqlite3*,int,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   u32 sqlite3TriggerColmask(Parse*,Trigger*,ExprList*,int,int,Table*,int);
@@ -16748,7 +17841,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AtoF(const char *z, double*, int, u8);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3GetInt32(const char *, int*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Atoi(const char*);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf16ByteLen(const void *pData, int nChar);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Utf8CharLen(const char *pData, int nByte);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3Utf8Read(const u8**);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE LogEst sqlite3LogEst(u64);
@@ -16813,6 +17908,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3FindCollSeq(sqlite3*,u8 enc, const char*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3LocateCollSeq(Parse *pParse, const char*zName);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse*,Expr*,Expr*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(Parse *pParse, Expr*, const Token*, int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprAddCollateString(Parse*,Expr*,const char*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(Expr*);
@@ -16837,7 +17934,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueSetNull(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueFree(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE sqlite3_value *sqlite3ValueNew(sqlite3 *);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3Utf16to8(sqlite3 *, const void*, int, u8);
+#endif
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ValueFromExpr(sqlite3 *, Expr *, u8, u8, sqlite3_value **);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(sqlite3_value *, u8, u8);
 #ifndef SQLITE_AMALGAMATION
@@ -17127,6 +18226,9 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3ParserTrace(FILE*, char *);
 #endif
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE*);
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** If the SQLITE_ENABLE IOTRACE exists then the global variable
@@ -17181,8 +18283,7 @@
 #endif
 #define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
 #define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
-#define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
-#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */
+#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x04  /* Page cache allocations */
 
 /*
 ** Threading interface
@@ -17192,6 +18293,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
 #endif
 
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbstatRegister(sqlite3*);
 #endif
@@ -17202,6 +18306,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE Expr *sqlite3ExprForVectorField(Parse*,Expr*,int);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VectorErrorMsg(Parse*, Expr*);
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+SQLITE_PRIVATE const char **sqlite3CompileOptions(int *pnOpt);
+#endif
+
 #endif /* SQLITEINT_H */
 
 /************** End of sqliteInt.h *******************************************/
@@ -17407,6 +18515,7 @@
    SQLITE_THREADSAFE==1,      /* bFullMutex */
    SQLITE_USE_URI,            /* bOpenUri */
    SQLITE_ALLOW_COVERING_INDEX_SCAN,   /* bUseCis */
+   0,                         /* bSmallMalloc */
    0x7ffffffe,                /* mxStrlen */
    0,                         /* neverCorrupt */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOOKASIDE,  /* szLookaside, nLookaside */
@@ -17419,9 +18528,6 @@
    0, 0,                      /* mnHeap, mxHeap */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE,  /* szMmap */
    SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE,      /* mxMmap */
-   (void*)0,                  /* pScratch */
-   0,                         /* szScratch */
-   0,                         /* nScratch */
    (void*)0,                  /* pPage */
    0,                         /* szPage */
    SQLITE_DEFAULT_PCACHE_INITSZ, /* nPage */
@@ -17506,475 +18612,6 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char sqlite3StrBINARY[] = "BINARY";
 
 /************** End of global.c **********************************************/
-/************** Begin file ctime.c *******************************************/
-/*
-** 2010 February 23
-**
-** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
-** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
-**
-**    May you do good and not evil.
-**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
-**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
-**
-*************************************************************************
-**
-** This file implements routines used to report what compile-time options
-** SQLite was built with.
-*/
-
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
-
-/* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
-
-/*
-** An array of names of all compile-time options.  This array should 
-** be sorted A-Z.
-**
-** This array looks large, but in a typical installation actually uses
-** only a handful of compile-time options, so most times this array is usually
-** rather short and uses little memory space.
-*/
-static const char * const azCompileOpt[] = {
-
-/* These macros are provided to "stringify" the value of the define
-** for those options in which the value is meaningful. */
-#define CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt) #opt
-#define CTIMEOPT_VAL(opt) CTIMEOPT_VAL_(opt)
-
-#if SQLITE_32BIT_ROWID
-  "32BIT_ROWID",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC
-  "4_BYTE_ALIGNED_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE
-  "CASE_SENSITIVE_LIKE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_CHECK_PAGES
-  "CHECK_PAGES",
-#endif
-#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__clang_major__)
-  "COMPILER=clang-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_major__) "."
-                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_minor__) "."
-                    CTIMEOPT_VAL(__clang_patchlevel__),
-#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
-  "COMPILER=msvc-" CTIMEOPT_VAL(_MSC_VER),
-#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__VERSION__)
-  "COMPILER=gcc-" __VERSION__,
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST
-  "COVERAGE_TEST",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  "DEBUG",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE
-  "DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE),
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE) && !defined(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE_xc)
-  "DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_MMAP_SIZE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS
-  "DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
-  "DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
-  "DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DISABLE_DIRSYNC
-  "DISABLE_DIRSYNC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
-  "DISABLE_LFS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
-  "ENABLE_8_3_NAMES=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
-  "ENABLE_API_ARMOR",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  "ENABLE_ATOMIC_WRITE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  "ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_CEROD
-  "ENABLE_CEROD",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-  "ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
-  "ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT
-  "ENABLE_EXPENSIVE_ASSERT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS1
-  "ENABLE_FTS1",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS2
-  "ENABLE_FTS2",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3
-  "ENABLE_FTS3",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
-  "ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
-  "ENABLE_FTS4",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
-  "ENABLE_FTS5",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
-  "ENABLE_ICU",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_IOTRACE
-  "ENABLE_IOTRACE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
-  "ENABLE_JSON1",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  "ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  "ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT
-  "ENABLE_MEMORY_MANAGEMENT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3
-  "ENABLE_MEMSYS3",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5
-  "ENABLE_MEMSYS5",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK
-  "ENABLE_OVERSIZE_CELL_CHECK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
-  "ENABLE_RTREE",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4)
-  "ENABLE_STAT4",
-#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3)
-  "ENABLE_STAT3",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY
-  "ENABLE_UNLOCK_NOTIFY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
-  "ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR)
-  "ENABLE_URI_00_ERROR",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
-  "HAS_CODEC",
-#endif
-#if HAVE_ISNAN || SQLITE_HAVE_ISNAN
-  "HAVE_ISNAN",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX
-  "HOMEGROWN_RECURSIVE_MUTEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS
-  "IGNORE_AFP_LOCK_ERRORS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  "IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_INT64_TYPE
-  "INT64_TYPE",
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS
-  "LIKE_DOESNT_MATCH_BLOBS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_LOCK_TRACE
-  "LOCK_TRACE",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE) && !defined(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE_xc)
-  "MAX_MMAP_SIZE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE),
-#endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY
-  "MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MEMDEBUG
-  "MEMDEBUG",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT
-  "MIXED_ENDIAN_64BIT_FLOAT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_NO_SYNC
-  "NO_SYNC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
-  "OMIT_ALTERTABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_ANALYZE
-  "OMIT_ANALYZE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_ATTACH
-  "OMIT_ATTACH",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
-  "OMIT_AUTHORIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT
-  "OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINIT
-  "OMIT_AUTOINIT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX
-  "OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTORESET
-  "OMIT_AUTORESET",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  "OMIT_AUTOVACUUM",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_BETWEEN_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL
-  "OMIT_BLOB_LITERAL",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
-  "OMIT_BTREECOUNT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_CAST
-  "OMIT_CAST",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
-  "OMIT_CHECK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPLETE
-  "OMIT_COMPLETE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT
-  "OMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
-  "OMIT_CTE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-  "OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
-  "OMIT_DECLTYPE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DEPRECATED
-  "OMIT_DEPRECATED",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_DISKIO
-  "OMIT_DISKIO",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
-  "OMIT_EXPLAIN",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
-  "OMIT_FLOATING_POINT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
-  "OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_GET_TABLE
-  "OMIT_GET_TABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
-  "OMIT_INCRBLOB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK
-  "OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
-  "OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-  "OMIT_LOCALTIME",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
-  "OMIT_LOOKASIDE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_MEMORYDB
-  "OMIT_MEMORYDB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_OR_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_PRAGMA
-  "OMIT_PRAGMA",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  "OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_QUICKBALANCE
-  "OMIT_QUICKBALANCE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_REINDEX
-  "OMIT_REINDEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS
-  "OMIT_SCHEMA_VERSION_PRAGMAS",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
-  "OMIT_SHARED_CACHE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
-  "OMIT_SUBQUERY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE
-  "OMIT_TCL_VARIABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  "OMIT_TEMPDB",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-  "OMIT_TRACE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
-  "OMIT_TRIGGER",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION
-  "OMIT_TRUNCATE_OPTIMIZATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  "OMIT_UTF16",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_VACUUM
-  "OMIT_VACUUM",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
-  "OMIT_VIEW",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  "OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
-  "OMIT_WAL",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_WSD
-  "OMIT_WSD",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_OMIT_XFER_OPT
-  "OMIT_XFER_OPT",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_PERFORMANCE_TRACE
-  "PERFORMANCE_TRACE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_PROXY_DEBUG
-  "PROXY_DEBUG",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
-  "RTREE_INT_ONLY",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
-  "SECURE_DELETE",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SMALL_STACK
-  "SMALL_STACK",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SOUNDEX
-  "SOUNDEX",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_SYSTEM_MALLOC
-  "SYSTEM_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TCL
-  "TCL",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE) && !defined(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE_xc)
-  "TEMP_STORE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_TEMP_STORE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_TEST
-  "TEST",
-#endif
-#if defined(SQLITE_THREADSAFE)
-  "THREADSAFE=" CTIMEOPT_VAL(SQLITE_THREADSAFE),
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_UNTESTABLE
-  "UNTESTABLE"
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA
-  "USE_ALLOCA",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_USER_AUTHENTICATION
-  "USER_AUTHENTICATION",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_WIN32_MALLOC
-  "WIN32_MALLOC",
-#endif
-#if SQLITE_ZERO_MALLOC
-  "ZERO_MALLOC"
-#endif
-};
-
-/*
-** Given the name of a compile-time option, return true if that option
-** was used and false if not.
-**
-** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
-** is not required for a match.
-*/
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
-  int i, n;
-
-#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
-  if( zOptName==0 ){
-    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
-    return 0;
-  }
-#endif
-  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
-  n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);
-
-  /* Since ArraySize(azCompileOpt) is normally in single digits, a
-  ** linear search is adequate.  No need for a binary search. */
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(azCompileOpt); i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0
-     && sqlite3IsIdChar((unsigned char)azCompileOpt[i][n])==0
-    ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-/*
-** Return the N-th compile-time option string.  If N is out of range,
-** return a NULL pointer.
-*/
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
-  if( N>=0 && N<ArraySize(azCompileOpt) ){
-    return azCompileOpt[N];
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
-
-/************** End of ctime.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file status.c ******************************************/
 /*
 ** 2008 June 18
@@ -18092,18 +18729,18 @@
   u32 cacheStatus;        /* Cache is valid if this matches Vdbe.cacheCtr */
   int seekResult;         /* Result of previous sqlite3BtreeMoveto() or 0
                           ** if there have been no prior seeks on the cursor. */
-  /* NB: seekResult does not distinguish between "no seeks have ever occurred
-  ** on this cursor" and "the most recent seek was an exact match". */
+  /* seekResult does not distinguish between "no seeks have ever occurred
+  ** on this cursor" and "the most recent seek was an exact match".
+  ** For CURTYPE_PSEUDO, seekResult is the register holding the record */
 
   /* When a new VdbeCursor is allocated, only the fields above are zeroed.
   ** The fields that follow are uninitialized, and must be individually
   ** initialized prior to first use. */
   VdbeCursor *pAltCursor; /* Associated index cursor from which to read */
   union {
-    BtCursor *pCursor;          /* CURTYPE_BTREE.  Btree cursor */
-    sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur; /* CURTYPE_VTAB.   Vtab cursor */
-    int pseudoTableReg;         /* CURTYPE_PSEUDO. Reg holding content. */
-    VdbeSorter *pSorter;        /* CURTYPE_SORTER. Sorter object */
+    BtCursor *pCursor;          /* CURTYPE_BTREE or _PSEUDO.  Btree cursor */
+    sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVCur; /* CURTYPE_VTAB.              Vtab cursor */
+    VdbeSorter *pSorter;        /* CURTYPE_SORTER.            Sorter object */
   } uc;
   KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;      /* Info about index keys needed by index cursors */
   u32 iHdrOffset;         /* Offset to next unparsed byte of the header */
@@ -18185,8 +18822,8 @@
   union MemValue {
     double r;           /* Real value used when MEM_Real is set in flags */
     i64 i;              /* Integer value used when MEM_Int is set in flags */
-    int nZero;          /* Used when bit MEM_Zero is set in flags */
-    void *pPtr;         /* Pointer when flags==MEM_Ptr|MEM_Null */
+    int nZero;          /* Extra zero bytes when MEM_Zero and MEM_Blob set */
+    const char *zPType; /* Pointer type when MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype|MEM_Null */
     FuncDef *pDef;      /* Used only when flags==MEM_Agg */
     RowSet *pRowSet;    /* Used only when flags==MEM_RowSet */
     VdbeFrame *pFrame;  /* Used when flags==MEM_Frame */
@@ -18218,7 +18855,10 @@
 ** representations of the value stored in the Mem struct.
 **
 ** If the MEM_Null flag is set, then the value is an SQL NULL value.
-** No other flags may be set in this case.
+** For a pointer type created using sqlite3_bind_pointer() or
+** sqlite3_result_pointer() the MEM_Term and MEM_Subtype flags are also set.
+** If both MEM_Null and MEM_Zero are set, that means that the value is
+** an unchanging column value from VColumn.
 **
 ** If the MEM_Str flag is set then Mem.z points at a string representation.
 ** Usually this is encoded in the same unicode encoding as the main
@@ -18226,7 +18866,7 @@
 ** set, then the string is nul terminated. The MEM_Int and MEM_Real 
 ** flags may coexist with the MEM_Str flag.
 */
-#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL */
+#define MEM_Null      0x0001   /* Value is NULL (or a pointer) */
 #define MEM_Str       0x0002   /* Value is a string */
 #define MEM_Int       0x0004   /* Value is an integer */
 #define MEM_Real      0x0008   /* Value is a real number */
@@ -18236,7 +18876,7 @@
 #define MEM_Frame     0x0040   /* Value is a VdbeFrame object */
 #define MEM_Undefined 0x0080   /* Value is undefined */
 #define MEM_Cleared   0x0100   /* NULL set by OP_Null, not from data */
-#define MEM_TypeMask  0x81ff   /* Mask of type bits */
+#define MEM_TypeMask  0xc1ff   /* Mask of type bits */
 
 
 /* Whenever Mem contains a valid string or blob representation, one of
@@ -18244,8 +18884,7 @@
 ** policy for Mem.z.  The MEM_Term flag tells us whether or not the
 ** string is \000 or \u0000 terminated
 */
-#define MEM_Ptr       0x8000   /* u.pPtr is valid if type==SQLITE_NULL */
-#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String rep is nul terminated */
+#define MEM_Term      0x0200   /* String in Mem.z is zero terminated */
 #define MEM_Dyn       0x0400   /* Need to call Mem.xDel() on Mem.z */
 #define MEM_Static    0x0800   /* Mem.z points to a static string */
 #define MEM_Ephem     0x1000   /* Mem.z points to an ephemeral string */
@@ -18267,7 +18906,7 @@
 ** Clear any existing type flags from a Mem and replace them with f
 */
 #define MemSetTypeFlag(p, f) \
-   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero|MEM_Ptr))|f)
+   ((p)->flags = ((p)->flags&~(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Zero))|f)
 
 /*
 ** Return true if a memory cell is not marked as invalid.  This macro
@@ -18380,6 +19019,7 @@
   u16 nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
   u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
   u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
+  u8 prepFlags;           /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   bft expired:1;          /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
   bft doingRerun:1;       /* True if rerunning after an auto-reprepare */
   bft explain:2;          /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
@@ -18388,10 +19028,9 @@
   bft usesStmtJournal:1;  /* True if uses a statement journal */
   bft readOnly:1;         /* True for statements that do not write */
   bft bIsReader:1;        /* True for statements that read */
-  bft isPrepareV2:1;      /* True if prepared with prepare_v2() */
   yDbMask btreeMask;      /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
   yDbMask lockMask;       /* Subset of btreeMask that requires a lock */
-  u32 aCounter[5];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
+  u32 aCounter[7];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
   char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
   void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
   VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
@@ -18473,6 +19112,7 @@
 #else
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemSetDouble(Mem*, double);
 #endif
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(Mem*, void*, const char*, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemInit(Mem*,sqlite3*,u16);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(Mem*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetZeroBlob(Mem*,int);
@@ -18504,7 +19144,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSorterReset(sqlite3 *, VdbeSorter *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSorterClose(sqlite3 *, VdbeCursor *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRowkey(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *, int *);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *, const VdbeCursor *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterRewind(const VdbeCursor *, int *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterWrite(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterCompare(const VdbeCursor *, Mem *, int, int *);
@@ -18532,12 +19172,14 @@
 # define sqlite3VdbeCheckFk(p,i) 0
 #endif
 
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbePrintSql(Vdbe*);
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   void sqlite3VdbeMemPrettyPrint(Mem *pMem, char *zBuf);
 #endif
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemTranslate(Mem*, u8);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemHandleBom(Mem *pMem);
+#endif
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_INCRBLOB
 SQLITE_PRIVATE   int sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(Mem *);
@@ -18658,7 +19300,6 @@
                                            : sqlite3MallocMutex()) );
   assert( op==SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE
           || op==SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE
-          || op==SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE
           || op==SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK );
   if( newValue>wsdStat.mxValue[op] ){
     wsdStat.mxValue[op] = newValue;
@@ -18708,6 +19349,28 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the number of LookasideSlot elements on the linked list
+*/
+static u32 countLookasideSlots(LookasideSlot *p){
+  u32 cnt = 0;
+  while( p ){
+    p = p->pNext;
+    cnt++;
+  }
+  return cnt;
+}
+
+/*
+** Count the number of slots of lookaside memory that are outstanding
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3LookasideUsed(sqlite3 *db, int *pHighwater){
+  u32 nInit = countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pInit);
+  u32 nFree = countLookasideSlots(db->lookaside.pFree);
+  if( pHighwater ) *pHighwater = db->lookaside.nSlot - nInit;
+  return db->lookaside.nSlot - (nInit+nFree);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Query status information for a single database connection
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_db_status(
@@ -18726,10 +19389,15 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   switch( op ){
     case SQLITE_DBSTATUS_LOOKASIDE_USED: {
-      *pCurrent = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      *pHighwater = db->lookaside.mxOut;
+      *pCurrent = sqlite3LookasideUsed(db, pHighwater);
       if( resetFlag ){
-        db->lookaside.mxOut = db->lookaside.nOut;
+        LookasideSlot *p = db->lookaside.pFree;
+        if( p ){
+          while( p->pNext ) p = p->pNext;
+          p->pNext = db->lookaside.pInit;
+          db->lookaside.pInit = db->lookaside.pFree;
+          db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
+        }
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -18929,7 +19597,7 @@
 **
 **      Jean Meeus
 **      Astronomical Algorithms, 2nd Edition, 1998
-**      ISBM 0-943396-61-1
+**      ISBN 0-943396-61-1
 **      Willmann-Bell, Inc
 **      Richmond, Virginia (USA)
 */
@@ -19276,7 +19944,7 @@
     return 0;
   }else if( parseHhMmSs(zDate, p)==0 ){
     return 0;
-  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0){
+  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zDate,"now")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(context) ){
     return setDateTimeToCurrent(context, p);
   }else if( sqlite3AtoF(zDate, &r, sqlite3Strlen30(zDate), SQLITE_UTF8) ){
     setRawDateNumber(p, r);
@@ -19559,7 +20227,7 @@
       ** Assuming the current time value is UTC (a.k.a. GMT), shift it to
       ** show local time.
       */
-      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "localtime")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
         computeJD(p);
         p->iJD += localtimeOffset(p, pCtx, &rc);
         clearYMD_HMS_TZ(p);
@@ -19585,7 +20253,7 @@
         }
       }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOCALTIME
-      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 ){
+      else if( sqlite3_stricmp(z, "utc")==0 && sqlite3NotPureFunc(pCtx) ){
         if( p->tzSet==0 ){
           sqlite3_int64 c1;
           computeJD(p);
@@ -20121,11 +20789,11 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RegisterDateTimeFunctions(void){
   static FuncDef aDateTimeFuncs[] = {
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_DATETIME_FUNCS
-    DFUNCTION(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
-    DFUNCTION(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
-    DFUNCTION(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
-    DFUNCTION(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
-    DFUNCTION(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
+    PURE_DATE(julianday,        -1, 0, 0, juliandayFunc ),
+    PURE_DATE(date,             -1, 0, 0, dateFunc      ),
+    PURE_DATE(time,             -1, 0, 0, timeFunc      ),
+    PURE_DATE(datetime,         -1, 0, 0, datetimeFunc  ),
+    PURE_DATE(strftime,         -1, 0, 0, strftimeFunc  ),
     DFUNCTION(current_time,      0, 0, 0, ctimeFunc     ),
     DFUNCTION(current_timestamp, 0, 0, 0, ctimestampFunc),
     DFUNCTION(current_date,      0, 0, 0, cdateFunc     ),
@@ -20240,7 +20908,7 @@
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsSync(sqlite3_file *id, int flags){
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
-  return id->pMethods->xSync(id, flags);
+  return flags ? id->pMethods->xSync(id, flags) : SQLITE_OK;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsFileSize(sqlite3_file *id, i64 *pSize){
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
@@ -20295,6 +20963,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(sqlite3_file *id){
   return id->pMethods->xDeviceCharacteristics(id);
 }
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3OsShmLock(sqlite3_file *id, int offset, int n, int flags){
   return id->pMethods->xShmLock(id, offset, n, flags);
 }
@@ -20314,6 +20983,7 @@
   DO_OS_MALLOC_TEST(id);
   return id->pMethods->xShmMap(id, iPage, pgsz, bExtend, pp);
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_WAL */
 
 #if SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0
 /* The real implementation of xFetch and xUnfetch */
@@ -22832,6 +23502,193 @@
 
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+/*
+** This block (enclosed by SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS) contains
+** the implementation of a wrapper around the system default mutex
+** implementation (sqlite3DefaultMutex()). 
+**
+** Most calls are passed directly through to the underlying default
+** mutex implementation. Except, if a mutex is configured by calling
+** sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention() on it, then if contention is ever
+** encountered within xMutexEnter() a warning is emitted via sqlite3_log().
+**
+** This type of mutex is used as the database handle mutex when testing
+** apps that usually use SQLITE_CONFIG_MULTITHREAD mode.
+*/
+
+/* 
+** Type for all mutexes used when SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+** is defined. Variable CheckMutex.mutex is a pointer to the real mutex
+** allocated by the system mutex implementation. Variable iType is usually set
+** to the type of mutex requested - SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE, SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST
+** or one of the static mutex identifiers. Or, if this is a recursive mutex
+** that has been configured using sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(), it is
+** set to SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION.
+*/
+typedef struct CheckMutex CheckMutex;
+struct CheckMutex {
+  int iType;
+  sqlite3_mutex *mutex;
+};
+
+#define SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION  (-1)
+
+/* 
+** Pointer to real mutex methods object used by the CheckMutex
+** implementation. Set by checkMutexInit(). 
+*/
+static SQLITE_WSD const sqlite3_mutex_methods *pGlobalMutexMethods;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+static int checkMutexHeld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexHeld(((CheckMutex*)p)->mutex);
+}
+static int checkMutexNotheld(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  return pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexNotheld(((CheckMutex*)p)->mutex);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Initialize and deinitialize the mutex subsystem.
+*/
+static int checkMutexInit(void){ 
+  pGlobalMutexMethods = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
+  return SQLITE_OK; 
+}
+static int checkMutexEnd(void){ 
+  pGlobalMutexMethods = 0;
+  return SQLITE_OK; 
+}
+
+/*
+** Allocate a mutex.
+*/
+static sqlite3_mutex *checkMutexAlloc(int iType){
+  static CheckMutex staticMutexes[] = {
+    {2, 0}, {3, 0}, {4, 0}, {5, 0},
+    {6, 0}, {7, 0}, {8, 0}, {9, 0},
+    {10, 0}, {11, 0}, {12, 0}, {13, 0}
+  };
+  CheckMutex *p = 0;
+
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE==1 && SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST==0 );
+  if( iType<2 ){
+    p = sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(CheckMutex));
+    if( p==0 ) return 0;
+    p->iType = iType;
+  }else{
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+    if( iType-2>=ArraySize(staticMutexes) ){
+      (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+      return 0;
+    }
+#endif
+    p = &staticMutexes[iType-2];
+  }
+
+  if( p->mutex==0 ){
+    p->mutex = pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexAlloc(iType);
+    if( p->mutex==0 ){
+      if( iType<2 ){
+        sqlite3_free(p);
+      }
+      p = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return (sqlite3_mutex*)p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Free a mutex.
+*/
+static void checkMutexFree(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE<2 );
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_FAST<2 );
+  assert( SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION<2 );
+
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( ((CheckMutex*)p)->iType<2 )
+#endif
+  {
+    CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+    pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexFree(pCheck->mutex);
+    sqlite3_free(pCheck);
+  }
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  else{
+    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+** Enter the mutex.
+*/
+static void checkMutexEnter(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+  if( pCheck->iType==SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION ){
+    if( SQLITE_OK==pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexTry(pCheck->mutex) ){
+      return;
+    }
+    sqlite3_log(SQLITE_MISUSE, 
+        "illegal multi-threaded access to database connection"
+    );
+  }
+  pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexEnter(pCheck->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Enter the mutex (do not block).
+*/
+static int checkMutexTry(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+  return pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexTry(pCheck->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Leave the mutex.
+*/
+static void checkMutexLeave(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+  pGlobalMutexMethods->xMutexLeave(pCheck->mutex);
+}
+
+sqlite3_mutex_methods const *multiThreadedCheckMutex(void){
+  static const sqlite3_mutex_methods sMutex = {
+    checkMutexInit,
+    checkMutexEnd,
+    checkMutexAlloc,
+    checkMutexFree,
+    checkMutexEnter,
+    checkMutexTry,
+    checkMutexLeave,
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    checkMutexHeld,
+    checkMutexNotheld
+#else
+    0,
+    0
+#endif
+  };
+  return &sMutex;
+}
+
+/*
+** Mark the SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE mutex passed as the only argument as
+** one on which there should be no contention.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(sqlite3_mutex *p){
+  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex.xMutexAlloc==checkMutexAlloc ){
+    CheckMutex *pCheck = (CheckMutex*)p;
+    assert( pCheck->iType==SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE );
+    pCheck->iType = SQLITE_MUTEX_WARNONCONTENTION;
+  }
+}
+#endif   /* ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS */
+
 /*
 ** Initialize the mutex system.
 */
@@ -22847,7 +23704,11 @@
     sqlite3_mutex_methods *pTo = &sqlite3GlobalConfig.mutex;
 
     if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex ){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+      pFrom = multiThreadedCheckMutex();
+#else
       pFrom = sqlite3DefaultMutex();
+#endif
     }else{
       pFrom = sqlite3NoopMutex();
     }
@@ -22974,6 +23835,7 @@
 
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_MUTEX_OMIT) */
 
+
 /************** End of mutex.c ***********************************************/
 /************** Begin file mutex_noop.c **************************************/
 /*
@@ -24311,14 +25173,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** An instance of the following object records the location of
-** each unused scratch buffer.
-*/
-typedef struct ScratchFreeslot {
-  struct ScratchFreeslot *pNext;   /* Next unused scratch buffer */
-} ScratchFreeslot;
-
-/*
 ** State information local to the memory allocation subsystem.
 */
 static SQLITE_WSD struct Mem0Global {
@@ -24326,21 +25180,11 @@
   sqlite3_int64 alarmThreshold; /* The soft heap limit */
 
   /*
-  ** Pointers to the end of sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch memory
-  ** (so that a range test can be used to determine if an allocation
-  ** being freed came from pScratch) and a pointer to the list of
-  ** unused scratch allocations.
-  */
-  void *pScratchEnd;
-  ScratchFreeslot *pScratchFree;
-  u32 nScratchFree;
-
-  /*
   ** True if heap is nearly "full" where "full" is defined by the
   ** sqlite3_soft_heap_limit() setting.
   */
   int nearlyFull;
-} mem0 = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+} mem0 = { 0, 0, 0 };
 
 #define mem0 GLOBAL(struct Mem0Global, mem0)
 
@@ -24410,28 +25254,6 @@
   }
   memset(&mem0, 0, sizeof(mem0));
   mem0.mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_STATIC_MEM);
-  if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch && sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch>=100
-      && sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch>0 ){
-    int i, n, sz;
-    ScratchFreeslot *pSlot;
-    sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch);
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = sz;
-    pSlot = (ScratchFreeslot*)sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch;
-    n = sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch;
-    mem0.pScratchFree = pSlot;
-    mem0.nScratchFree = n;
-    for(i=0; i<n-1; i++){
-      pSlot->pNext = (ScratchFreeslot*)(sz+(char*)pSlot);
-      pSlot = pSlot->pNext;
-    }
-    pSlot->pNext = 0;
-    mem0.pScratchEnd = (void*)&pSlot[1];
-  }else{
-    mem0.pScratchEnd = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = 0;
-    sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch = 0;
-  }
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage==0 || sqlite3GlobalConfig.szPage<512
       || sqlite3GlobalConfig.nPage<=0 ){
     sqlite3GlobalConfig.pPage = 0;
@@ -24583,105 +25405,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Each thread may only have a single outstanding allocation from
-** xScratchMalloc().  We verify this constraint in the single-threaded
-** case by setting scratchAllocOut to 1 when an allocation
-** is outstanding clearing it when the allocation is freed.
-*/
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-static int scratchAllocOut = 0;
-#endif
-
-
-/*
-** Allocate memory that is to be used and released right away.
-** This routine is similar to alloca() in that it is not intended
-** for situations where the memory might be held long-term.  This
-** routine is intended to get memory to old large transient data
-** structures that would not normally fit on the stack of an
-** embedded processor.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3ScratchMalloc(int n){
-  void *p;
-  assert( n>0 );
-
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-  sqlite3StatusHighwater(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE, n);
-  if( mem0.nScratchFree && sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch>=n ){
-    p = mem0.pScratchFree;
-    mem0.pScratchFree = mem0.pScratchFree->pNext;
-    mem0.nScratchFree--;
-    sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, 1);
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    p = sqlite3Malloc(n);
-    if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat && p ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-      sqlite3StatusUp(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, sqlite3MallocSize(p));
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    }
-    sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_SCRATCH);
-  }
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_notheld(mem0.mutex) );
-
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-12970-05880 SQLite will not use more than one scratch
-  ** buffers per thread.
-  **
-  ** This can only be checked in single-threaded mode.
-  */
-  assert( scratchAllocOut==0 );
-  if( p ) scratchAllocOut++;
-#endif
-
-  return p;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ScratchFree(void *p){
-  if( p ){
-
-#if SQLITE_THREADSAFE==0 && !defined(NDEBUG)
-    /* Verify that no more than two scratch allocation per thread
-    ** is outstanding at one time.  (This is only checked in the
-    ** single-threaded case since checking in the multi-threaded case
-    ** would be much more complicated.) */
-    assert( scratchAllocOut>=1 && scratchAllocOut<=2 );
-    scratchAllocOut--;
-#endif
-
-    if( SQLITE_WITHIN(p, sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch, mem0.pScratchEnd) ){
-      /* Release memory from the SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH allocation */
-      ScratchFreeslot *pSlot;
-      pSlot = (ScratchFreeslot*)p;
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-      pSlot->pNext = mem0.pScratchFree;
-      mem0.pScratchFree = pSlot;
-      mem0.nScratchFree++;
-      assert( mem0.nScratchFree <= (u32)sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch );
-      sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED, 1);
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-    }else{
-      /* Release memory back to the heap */
-      assert( sqlite3MemdebugHasType(p, MEMTYPE_SCRATCH) );
-      assert( sqlite3MemdebugNoType(p, (u8)~MEMTYPE_SCRATCH) );
-      sqlite3MemdebugSetType(p, MEMTYPE_HEAP);
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat ){
-        int iSize = sqlite3MallocSize(p);
-        sqlite3_mutex_enter(mem0.mutex);
-        sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW, iSize);
-        sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED, iSize);
-        sqlite3StatusDown(SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT, 1);
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-        sqlite3_mutex_leave(mem0.mutex);
-      }else{
-        sqlite3GlobalConfig.m.xFree(p);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-/*
 ** TRUE if p is a lookaside memory allocation from db
 */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
@@ -24771,7 +25494,6 @@
 #endif
       pBuf->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
       db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf;
-      db->lookaside.nOut--;
       return;
     }
   }
@@ -24932,16 +25654,16 @@
     assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
     if( n>db->lookaside.sz ){
       db->lookaside.anStat[1]++;
-    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)==0 ){
-      db->lookaside.anStat[2]++;
-    }else{
+    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pFree)!=0 ){
       db->lookaside.pFree = pBuf->pNext;
-      db->lookaside.nOut++;
       db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
-      if( db->lookaside.nOut>db->lookaside.mxOut ){
-        db->lookaside.mxOut = db->lookaside.nOut;
-      }
       return (void*)pBuf;
+    }else if( (pBuf = db->lookaside.pInit)!=0 ){
+      db->lookaside.pInit = pBuf->pNext;
+      db->lookaside.anStat[0]++;
+      return (void*)pBuf;
+    }else{
+      db->lookaside.anStat[2]++;
     }
   }else if( db->mallocFailed ){
     return 0;
@@ -25046,6 +25768,19 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** The text between zStart and zEnd represents a phrase within a larger
+** SQL statement.  Make a copy of this phrase in space obtained form
+** sqlite3DbMalloc().  Omit leading and trailing whitespace.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3DbSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
+  int n;
+  while( sqlite3Isspace(zStart[0]) ) zStart++;
+  n = (int)(zEnd - zStart);
+  while( ALWAYS(n>0) && sqlite3Isspace(zStart[n-1]) ) n--;
+  return sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, zStart, n);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Free any prior content in *pz and replace it with a copy of zNew.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SetString(char **pz, sqlite3 *db, const char *zNew){
@@ -25779,7 +26514,7 @@
         if( precision>=0 ){
           for(length=0; length<precision && bufpt[length]; length++){}
         }else{
-          length = sqlite3Strlen30(bufpt);
+          length = 0x7fffffff & (int)strlen(bufpt);
         }
         break;
       case etSQLESCAPE:           /* Escape ' characters */
@@ -25905,7 +26640,6 @@
   }else{
     char *zOld = isMalloced(p) ? p->zText : 0;
     i64 szNew = p->nChar;
-    assert( (p->zText==0 || p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
     szNew += N + 1;
     if( szNew+p->nChar<=p->mxAlloc ){
       /* Force exponential buffer size growth as long as it does not overflow,
@@ -25947,7 +26681,6 @@
   if( p->nChar+(i64)N >= p->nAlloc && (N = sqlite3StrAccumEnlarge(p, N))<=0 ){
     return;
   }
-  assert( (p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
   while( (N--)>0 ) p->zText[p->nChar++] = c;
 }
 
@@ -25965,7 +26698,6 @@
     memcpy(&p->zText[p->nChar], z, N);
     p->nChar += N;
   }
-  assert( (p->zText==0 || p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
 }
 
 /*
@@ -26000,19 +26732,20 @@
 ** pointer if any kind of error was encountered.
 */
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE char *strAccumFinishRealloc(StrAccum *p){
+  char *zText;
   assert( p->mxAlloc>0 && !isMalloced(p) );
-  p->zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
-  if( p->zText ){
-    memcpy(p->zText, p->zBase, p->nChar+1);
+  zText = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(p->db, p->nChar+1 );
+  if( zText ){
+    memcpy(zText, p->zText, p->nChar+1);
     p->printfFlags |= SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED;
   }else{
     setStrAccumError(p, STRACCUM_NOMEM);
   }
-  return p->zText;
+  p->zText = zText;
+  return zText;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum *p){
   if( p->zText ){
-    assert( (p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
     p->zText[p->nChar] = 0;
     if( p->mxAlloc>0 && !isMalloced(p) ){
       return strAccumFinishRealloc(p);
@@ -26025,7 +26758,6 @@
 ** Reset an StrAccum string.  Reclaim all malloced memory.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum *p){
-  assert( (p->zText==0 || p->zText==p->zBase)==!isMalloced(p) );
   if( isMalloced(p) ){
     sqlite3DbFree(p->db, p->zText);
     p->printfFlags &= ~SQLITE_PRINTF_MALLOCED;
@@ -26048,11 +26780,11 @@
 **        allocations will ever occur.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3StrAccumInit(StrAccum *p, sqlite3 *db, char *zBase, int n, int mx){
-  p->zText = p->zBase = zBase;
+  p->zText = zBase;
   p->db = db;
-  p->nChar = 0;
   p->nAlloc = n;
   p->mxAlloc = mx;
+  p->nChar = 0;
   p->accError = 0;
   p->printfFlags = 0;
 }
@@ -26218,8 +26950,15 @@
   sqlite3VXPrintf(&acc, zFormat, ap);
   va_end(ap);
   sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&acc);
+#ifdef SQLITE_OS_TRACE_PROC
+  {
+    extern void SQLITE_OS_TRACE_PROC(const char *zBuf, int nBuf);
+    SQLITE_OS_TRACE_PROC(zBuf, sizeof(zBuf));
+  }
+#else
   fprintf(stdout,"%s", zBuf);
   fflush(stdout);
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -26392,7 +27131,6 @@
       if( p->pHaving ) n++;
       if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
       if( p->pLimit ) n++;
-      if( p->pOffset ) n++;
     }
     sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
     if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
@@ -26449,12 +27187,12 @@
     }
     if( p->pLimit ){
       sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
-      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
-      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
-    }
-    if( p->pOffset ){
-      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
-      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
+      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit->pLeft, p->pLimit->pRight!=0);
+      if( p->pLimit->pRight ){
+        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit->pRight, 0);
+        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+      }
       sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
     }
     if( p->pPrior ){
@@ -26621,17 +27359,17 @@
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     case TK_EXISTS: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "EXISTS-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
       break;
     }
     case TK_SELECT: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT-expr flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
       break;
     }
     case TK_IN: {
-      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN");
+      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "IN flags=0x%x", pExpr->flags);
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pExpr->pLeft, 1);
       if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
         sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pExpr->x.pSelect, 0);
@@ -26747,12 +27485,20 @@
     sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
     for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
       int j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol;
-      if( j ){
+      char *zName = pList->a[i].zName;
+      if( j || zName ){
         sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 0);
+      }
+      if( zName ){
+        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "AS %s", zName);
+      }
+      if( j ){
         sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "iOrderByCol=%d", j);
       }
       sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);
-      if( j ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+      if( j || zName ){
+        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -27519,7 +28265,9 @@
 #endif
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
 /*
 ** This routine checks for a byte-order mark at the beginning of the 
 ** UTF-16 string stored in *pMem. If one is present, it is removed and
@@ -28041,6 +28789,45 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Compute 10 to the E-th power.  Examples:  E==1 results in 10.
+** E==2 results in 100.  E==50 results in 1.0e50.
+**
+** This routine only works for values of E between 1 and 341.
+*/
+static LONGDOUBLE_TYPE sqlite3Pow10(int E){
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+  static const LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x[] = {
+    1.0e+001,
+    1.0e+002,
+    1.0e+004,
+    1.0e+008,
+    1.0e+016,
+    1.0e+032,
+    1.0e+064,
+    1.0e+128,
+    1.0e+256
+  };
+  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE r = 1.0;
+  int i;
+  assert( E>=0 && E<=307 );
+  for(i=0; E!=0; i++, E >>=1){
+    if( E & 1 ) r *= x[i];
+  }
+  return r;
+#else
+  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE x = 10.0;
+  LONGDOUBLE_TYPE r = 1.0;
+  while(1){
+    if( E & 1 ) r *= x;
+    E >>= 1;
+    if( E==0 ) break;
+    x *= x;
+  }
+  return r; 
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
 ** The string z[] is an text representation of a real number.
 ** Convert this string to a double and write it into *pResult.
 **
@@ -28107,12 +28894,12 @@
   /* copy max significant digits to significand */
   while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) && s<((LARGEST_INT64-9)/10) ){
     s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
-    z+=incr, nDigits++;
+    z+=incr; nDigits++;
   }
 
   /* skip non-significant significand digits
   ** (increase exponent by d to shift decimal left) */
-  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ) z+=incr, nDigits++, d++;
+  while( z<zEnd && sqlite3Isdigit(*z) ){ z+=incr; nDigits++; d++; }
   if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;
 
   /* if decimal point is present */
@@ -28125,7 +28912,7 @@
         s = s*10 + (*z - '0');
         d--;
       }
-      z+=incr, nDigits++;
+      z+=incr; nDigits++;
     }
   }
   if( z>=zEnd ) goto do_atof_calc;
@@ -28195,11 +28982,10 @@
     if( e==0 ){                                         /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
       result = (double)s;
     }else{
-      LONGDOUBLE_TYPE scale = 1.0;
       /* attempt to handle extremely small/large numbers better */
       if( e>307 ){                                      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
         if( e<342 ){                                    /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
-          while( e%308 ) { scale *= 1.0e+1; e -= 1; }
+          LONGDOUBLE_TYPE scale = sqlite3Pow10(e-308);
           if( esign<0 ){
             result = s / scale;
             result /= 1.0e+308;
@@ -28211,14 +28997,15 @@
           if( esign<0 ){
             result = 0.0*s;
           }else{
+#ifdef INFINITY
+            result = INFINITY*s;
+#else
             result = 1e308*1e308*s;  /* Infinity */
+#endif
           }
         }
       }else{
-        /* 1.0e+22 is the largest power of 10 than can be 
-        ** represented exactly. */
-        while( e%22 ) { scale *= 1.0e+1; e -= 1; }
-        while( e>0 ) { scale *= 1.0e+22; e -= 22; }
+        LONGDOUBLE_TYPE scale = sqlite3Pow10(e);
         if( esign<0 ){
           result = s / scale;
         }else{
@@ -28273,16 +29060,12 @@
 ** Convert zNum to a 64-bit signed integer.  zNum must be decimal. This
 ** routine does *not* accept hexadecimal notation.
 **
-** If the zNum value is representable as a 64-bit twos-complement 
-** integer, then write that value into *pNum and return 0.
+** Returns:
 **
-** If zNum is exactly 9223372036854775808, return 2.  This special
-** case is broken out because while 9223372036854775808 cannot be a 
-** signed 64-bit integer, its negative -9223372036854775808 can be.
-**
-** If zNum is too big for a 64-bit integer and is not
-** 9223372036854775808  or if zNum contains any non-numeric text,
-** then return 1.
+**     0    Successful transformation.  Fits in a 64-bit signed integer.
+**     1    Excess text after the integer value
+**     2    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
+**     3    Special case of 9223372036854775808
 **
 ** length is the number of bytes in the string (bytes, not characters).
 ** The string is not necessarily zero-terminated.  The encoding is
@@ -28295,6 +29078,7 @@
   int i;
   int c = 0;
   int nonNum = 0;  /* True if input contains UTF16 with high byte non-zero */
+  int rc;          /* Baseline return code */
   const char *zStart;
   const char *zEnd = zNum + length;
   assert( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 || enc==SQLITE_UTF16LE || enc==SQLITE_UTF16BE );
@@ -28334,31 +29118,35 @@
   testcase( i==20 );
   if( &zNum[i]<zEnd              /* Extra bytes at the end */
    || (i==0 && zStart==zNum)     /* No digits */
-   || i>19*incr                  /* Too many digits */
    || nonNum                     /* UTF16 with high-order bytes non-zero */
   ){
+    rc = 1;
+  }else{
+    rc = 0;
+  }
+  if( i>19*incr ){                /* Too many digits */
     /* zNum is empty or contains non-numeric text or is longer
     ** than 19 digits (thus guaranteeing that it is too large) */
-    return 1;
+    return 2;
   }else if( i<19*incr ){
     /* Less than 19 digits, so we know that it fits in 64 bits */
     assert( u<=LARGEST_INT64 );
-    return 0;
+    return rc;
   }else{
     /* zNum is a 19-digit numbers.  Compare it against 9223372036854775808. */
     c = compare2pow63(zNum, incr);
     if( c<0 ){
       /* zNum is less than 9223372036854775808 so it fits */
       assert( u<=LARGEST_INT64 );
-      return 0;
+      return rc;
     }else if( c>0 ){
       /* zNum is greater than 9223372036854775808 so it overflows */
-      return 1;
+      return 2;
     }else{
       /* zNum is exactly 9223372036854775808.  Fits if negative.  The
       ** special case 2 overflow if positive */
       assert( u-1==LARGEST_INT64 );
-      return neg ? 0 : 2;
+      return neg ? rc : 3;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -28371,8 +29159,9 @@
 ** Returns:
 **
 **     0    Successful transformation.  Fits in a 64-bit signed integer.
-**     1    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
-**     2    Special case of 9223372036854775808
+**     1    Excess text after the integer value
+**     2    Integer too large for a 64-bit signed integer or is malformed
+**     3    Special case of 9223372036854775808
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char *z, i64 *pOut){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER
@@ -28386,7 +29175,7 @@
       u = u*16 + sqlite3HexToInt(z[k]);
     }
     memcpy(pOut, &u, 8);
-    return (z[k]==0 && k-i<=16) ? 0 : 1;
+    return (z[k]==0 && k-i<=16) ? 0 : 2;
   }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_HEX_INTEGER */
   {
@@ -28996,7 +29785,7 @@
 ** overflow, leave *pA unchanged and return 1.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3AddInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
-#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
   return __builtin_add_overflow(*pA, iB, pA);
 #else
   i64 iA = *pA;
@@ -29016,7 +29805,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SubInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
-#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
   return __builtin_sub_overflow(*pA, iB, pA);
 #else
   testcase( iB==SMALLEST_INT64+1 );
@@ -29031,7 +29820,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MulInt64(i64 *pA, i64 iB){
-#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000 && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
   return __builtin_mul_overflow(*pA, iB, pA);
 #else
   i64 iA = *pA;
@@ -29133,8 +29922,14 @@
     if( x<2 ) return 0;
     while( x<8 ){  y -= 10; x <<= 1; }
   }else{
+#if GCC_VERSION>=5004000
+    int i = 60 - __builtin_clzll(x);
+    y += i*10;
+    x >>= i;
+#else
     while( x>255 ){ y += 40; x >>= 4; }  /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
     while( x>15 ){  y += 10; x >>= 1; }
+#endif
   }
   return a[x&7] + y - 10;
 }
@@ -29430,8 +30225,9 @@
 }
 
 /* This function (for internal use only) locates an element in an
-** hash table that matches the given key.  The hash for this key is
-** also computed and returned in the *pH parameter.
+** hash table that matches the given key.  If no element is found,
+** a pointer to a static null element with HashElem.data==0 is returned.
+** If pH is not NULL, then the hash for this key is written to *pH.
 */
 static HashElem *findElementWithHash(
   const Hash *pH,     /* The pH to be searched */
@@ -29441,6 +30237,7 @@
   HashElem *elem;                /* Used to loop thru the element list */
   int count;                     /* Number of elements left to test */
   unsigned int h;                /* The computed hash */
+  static HashElem nullElement = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
 
   if( pH->ht ){   /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
     struct _ht *pEntry;
@@ -29453,7 +30250,7 @@
     elem = pH->first;
     count = pH->count;
   }
-  *pHash = h;
+  if( pHash ) *pHash = h;
   while( count-- ){
     assert( elem!=0 );
     if( sqlite3StrICmp(elem->pKey,pKey)==0 ){ 
@@ -29461,7 +30258,7 @@
     }
     elem = elem->next;
   }
-  return 0;
+  return &nullElement;
 }
 
 /* Remove a single entry from the hash table given a pointer to that
@@ -29503,13 +30300,9 @@
 ** found, or NULL if there is no match.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void *sqlite3HashFind(const Hash *pH, const char *pKey){
-  HashElem *elem;    /* The element that matches key */
-  unsigned int h;    /* A hash on key */
-
   assert( pH!=0 );
   assert( pKey!=0 );
-  elem = findElementWithHash(pH, pKey, &h);
-  return elem ? elem->data : 0;
+  return findElementWithHash(pH, pKey, 0)->data;
 }
 
 /* Insert an element into the hash table pH.  The key is pKey
@@ -29534,7 +30327,7 @@
   assert( pH!=0 );
   assert( pKey!=0 );
   elem = findElementWithHash(pH,pKey,&h);
-  if( elem ){
+  if( elem->data ){
     void *old_data = elem->data;
     if( data==0 ){
       removeElementGivenHash(pH,elem,h);
@@ -29617,47 +30410,47 @@
     /*  40 */ "IdxLT"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
     /*  41 */ "IdxGE"            OpHelp("key=r[P3@P4]"),
     /*  42 */ "RowSetRead"       OpHelp("r[P3]=rowset(P1)"),
-    /*  43 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
-    /*  44 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
-    /*  45 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),
-    /*  46 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
-    /*  47 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
-    /*  48 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
-    /*  49 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
-    /*  50 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
-    /*  51 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
-    /*  52 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
-    /*  53 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
-    /*  54 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
-    /*  55 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
-    /*  56 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
-    /*  57 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
-    /*  58 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
-    /*  59 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
-    /*  60 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
-    /*  61 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
-    /*  62 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
-    /*  63 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
-    /*  64 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
-    /*  65 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
-    /*  66 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
-    /*  67 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
-    /*  68 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
-    /*  69 */ "Function0"        OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /*  70 */ "Or"               OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])"),
-    /*  71 */ "And"              OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])"),
-    /*  72 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /*  73 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
-    /*  74 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
-    /*  75 */ "IsNull"           OpHelp("if r[P1]==NULL goto P2"),
-    /*  76 */ "NotNull"          OpHelp("if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2"),
-    /*  77 */ "Ne"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]!=r[P1]"),
-    /*  78 */ "Eq"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]==r[P1]"),
-    /*  79 */ "Gt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>r[P1]"),
-    /*  80 */ "Le"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<=r[P1]"),
-    /*  81 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
-    /*  82 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
-    /*  83 */ "ElseNotEq"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  43 */ "Or"               OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] || r[P2])"),
+    /*  44 */ "And"              OpHelp("r[P3]=(r[P1] && r[P2])"),
+    /*  45 */ "RowSetTest"       OpHelp("if r[P3] in rowset(P1) goto P2"),
+    /*  46 */ "Program"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  47 */ "FkIfZero"         OpHelp("if fkctr[P1]==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  48 */ "IfPos"            OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P1]-=P3, goto P2"),
+    /*  49 */ "IfNotZero"        OpHelp("if r[P1]!=0 then r[P1]--, goto P2"),
+    /*  50 */ "IsNull"           OpHelp("if r[P1]==NULL goto P2"),
+    /*  51 */ "NotNull"          OpHelp("if r[P1]!=NULL goto P2"),
+    /*  52 */ "Ne"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]!=r[P1]"),
+    /*  53 */ "Eq"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]==r[P1]"),
+    /*  54 */ "Gt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>r[P1]"),
+    /*  55 */ "Le"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<=r[P1]"),
+    /*  56 */ "Lt"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]<r[P1]"),
+    /*  57 */ "Ge"               OpHelp("IF r[P3]>=r[P1]"),
+    /*  58 */ "ElseNotEq"        OpHelp(""),
+    /*  59 */ "DecrJumpZero"     OpHelp("if (--r[P1])==0 goto P2"),
+    /*  60 */ "IncrVacuum"       OpHelp(""),
+    /*  61 */ "VNext"            OpHelp(""),
+    /*  62 */ "Init"             OpHelp("Start at P2"),
+    /*  63 */ "Return"           OpHelp(""),
+    /*  64 */ "EndCoroutine"     OpHelp(""),
+    /*  65 */ "HaltIfNull"       OpHelp("if r[P3]=null halt"),
+    /*  66 */ "Halt"             OpHelp(""),
+    /*  67 */ "Integer"          OpHelp("r[P2]=P1"),
+    /*  68 */ "Int64"            OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
+    /*  69 */ "String"           OpHelp("r[P2]='P4' (len=P1)"),
+    /*  70 */ "Null"             OpHelp("r[P2..P3]=NULL"),
+    /*  71 */ "SoftNull"         OpHelp("r[P1]=NULL"),
+    /*  72 */ "Blob"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4 (len=P1)"),
+    /*  73 */ "Variable"         OpHelp("r[P2]=parameter(P1,P4)"),
+    /*  74 */ "Move"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3]=r[P1@P3]"),
+    /*  75 */ "Copy"             OpHelp("r[P2@P3+1]=r[P1@P3+1]"),
+    /*  76 */ "SCopy"            OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
+    /*  77 */ "IntCopy"          OpHelp("r[P2]=r[P1]"),
+    /*  78 */ "ResultRow"        OpHelp("output=r[P1@P2]"),
+    /*  79 */ "CollSeq"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  80 */ "AddImm"           OpHelp("r[P1]=r[P1]+P2"),
+    /*  81 */ "RealAffinity"     OpHelp(""),
+    /*  82 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
+    /*  83 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
     /*  84 */ "BitAnd"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]"),
     /*  85 */ "BitOr"            OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P1]|r[P2]"),
     /*  86 */ "ShiftLeft"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]<<r[P1]"),
@@ -29668,78 +30461,82 @@
     /*  91 */ "Divide"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]/r[P1]"),
     /*  92 */ "Remainder"        OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]%r[P1]"),
     /*  93 */ "Concat"           OpHelp("r[P3]=r[P2]+r[P1]"),
-    /*  94 */ "Cast"             OpHelp("affinity(r[P1])"),
+    /*  94 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
     /*  95 */ "BitNot"           OpHelp("r[P1]= ~r[P1]"),
-    /*  96 */ "Permutation"      OpHelp(""),
+    /*  96 */ "Offset"           OpHelp("r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)"),
     /*  97 */ "String8"          OpHelp("r[P2]='P4'"),
-    /*  98 */ "Compare"          OpHelp("r[P1@P3] <-> r[P2@P3]"),
-    /*  99 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
-    /* 100 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
-    /* 101 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
-    /* 102 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
-    /* 103 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 104 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 105 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 106 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 107 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
-    /* 108 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 109 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
-    /* 110 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
-    /* 111 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 112 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
-    /* 113 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
-    /* 114 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 115 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 116 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
-    /* 117 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
-    /* 118 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
-    /* 119 */ "InsertInt"        OpHelp("intkey=P3 data=r[P2]"),
-    /* 120 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 121 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 122 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
-    /* 123 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
-    /* 124 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
-    /* 125 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
-    /* 126 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
+    /*  98 */ "Column"           OpHelp("r[P3]=PX"),
+    /*  99 */ "Affinity"         OpHelp("affinity(r[P1@P2])"),
+    /* 100 */ "MakeRecord"       OpHelp("r[P3]=mkrec(r[P1@P2])"),
+    /* 101 */ "Count"            OpHelp("r[P2]=count()"),
+    /* 102 */ "ReadCookie"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 103 */ "SetCookie"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 104 */ "ReopenIdx"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /* 105 */ "OpenRead"         OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /* 106 */ "OpenWrite"        OpHelp("root=P2 iDb=P3"),
+    /* 107 */ "OpenDup"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 108 */ "OpenAutoindex"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
+    /* 109 */ "OpenEphemeral"    OpHelp("nColumn=P2"),
+    /* 110 */ "SorterOpen"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 111 */ "SequenceTest"     OpHelp("if( cursor[P1].ctr++ ) pc = P2"),
+    /* 112 */ "OpenPseudo"       OpHelp("P3 columns in r[P2]"),
+    /* 113 */ "Close"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 114 */ "ColumnsUsed"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 115 */ "Sequence"         OpHelp("r[P2]=cursor[P1].ctr++"),
+    /* 116 */ "NewRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 117 */ "Insert"           OpHelp("intkey=r[P3] data=r[P2]"),
+    /* 118 */ "InsertInt"        OpHelp("intkey=P3 data=r[P2]"),
+    /* 119 */ "Delete"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 120 */ "ResetCount"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 121 */ "SorterCompare"    OpHelp("if key(P1)!=trim(r[P3],P4) goto P2"),
+    /* 122 */ "SorterData"       OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
+    /* 123 */ "RowData"          OpHelp("r[P2]=data"),
+    /* 124 */ "Rowid"            OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
+    /* 125 */ "NullRow"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 126 */ "SeekEnd"          OpHelp(""),
     /* 127 */ "SorterInsert"     OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
     /* 128 */ "IdxInsert"        OpHelp("key=r[P2]"),
     /* 129 */ "IdxDelete"        OpHelp("key=r[P2@P3]"),
-    /* 130 */ "Seek"             OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid"),
+    /* 130 */ "DeferredSeek"     OpHelp("Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed"),
     /* 131 */ "IdxRowid"         OpHelp("r[P2]=rowid"),
     /* 132 */ "Real"             OpHelp("r[P2]=P4"),
     /* 133 */ "Destroy"          OpHelp(""),
     /* 134 */ "Clear"            OpHelp(""),
     /* 135 */ "ResetSorter"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 136 */ "CreateIndex"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1"),
-    /* 137 */ "CreateTable"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1"),
-    /* 138 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 139 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 140 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
-    /* 141 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 142 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 143 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 144 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
-    /* 145 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
-    /* 146 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 147 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
-    /* 148 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
-    /* 149 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
-    /* 150 */ "AggStep0"         OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /* 151 */ "AggStep"          OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
-    /* 152 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
-    /* 153 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 154 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
-    /* 155 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
-    /* 156 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 157 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 158 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
-    /* 159 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
-    /* 160 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
-    /* 161 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
-    /* 162 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
-    /* 163 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
-    /* 164 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
-    /* 165 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 136 */ "CreateBtree"      OpHelp("r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3"),
+    /* 137 */ "SqlExec"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 138 */ "ParseSchema"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 139 */ "LoadAnalysis"     OpHelp(""),
+    /* 140 */ "DropTable"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 141 */ "DropIndex"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 142 */ "DropTrigger"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 143 */ "IntegrityCk"      OpHelp(""),
+    /* 144 */ "RowSetAdd"        OpHelp("rowset(P1)=r[P2]"),
+    /* 145 */ "Param"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 146 */ "FkCounter"        OpHelp("fkctr[P1]+=P2"),
+    /* 147 */ "MemMax"           OpHelp("r[P1]=max(r[P1],r[P2])"),
+    /* 148 */ "OffsetLimit"      OpHelp("if r[P1]>0 then r[P2]=r[P1]+max(0,r[P3]) else r[P2]=(-1)"),
+    /* 149 */ "AggStep0"         OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 150 */ "AggStep"          OpHelp("accum=r[P3] step(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 151 */ "AggFinal"         OpHelp("accum=r[P1] N=P2"),
+    /* 152 */ "Expire"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 153 */ "TableLock"        OpHelp("iDb=P1 root=P2 write=P3"),
+    /* 154 */ "VBegin"           OpHelp(""),
+    /* 155 */ "VCreate"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 156 */ "VDestroy"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 157 */ "VOpen"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 158 */ "VColumn"          OpHelp("r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)"),
+    /* 159 */ "VRename"          OpHelp(""),
+    /* 160 */ "Pagecount"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 161 */ "MaxPgcnt"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 162 */ "PureFunc0"        OpHelp(""),
+    /* 163 */ "Function0"        OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 164 */ "PureFunc"         OpHelp(""),
+    /* 165 */ "Function"         OpHelp("r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])"),
+    /* 166 */ "Trace"            OpHelp(""),
+    /* 167 */ "CursorHint"       OpHelp(""),
+    /* 168 */ "Noop"             OpHelp(""),
+    /* 169 */ "Explain"          OpHelp(""),
   };
   return azName[i];
 }
@@ -29959,7 +30756,7 @@
   unsigned short int ctrlFlags;       /* Behavioral bits.  UNIXFILE_* flags */
   int lastErrno;                      /* The unix errno from last I/O error */
   void *lockingContext;               /* Locking style specific state */
-  UnixUnusedFd *pUnused;              /* Pre-allocated UnixUnusedFd */
+  UnixUnusedFd *pPreallocatedUnused;  /* Pre-allocated UnixUnusedFd */
   const char *zPath;                  /* Name of the file */
   unixShm *pShm;                      /* Shared memory segment information */
   int szChunk;                        /* Configured by FCNTL_CHUNK_SIZE */
@@ -30430,7 +31227,7 @@
 #else
   { "munmap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,               0 },
 #endif
-#define osMunmap ((void*(*)(void*,size_t))aSyscall[23].pCurrent)
+#define osMunmap ((int(*)(void*,size_t))aSyscall[23].pCurrent)
 
 #if HAVE_MREMAP && (!defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL) || SQLITE_MAX_MMAP_SIZE>0)
   { "mremap",       (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)mremap,          0 },
@@ -30460,7 +31257,11 @@
 #endif
 #define osLstat      ((int(*)(const char*,struct stat*))aSyscall[27].pCurrent)
 
+#if defined(__linux__) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE)
   { "ioctl",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)ioctl,          0 },
+#else
+  { "ioctl",         (sqlite3_syscall_ptr)0,              0 },
+#endif
 #define osIoctl ((int(*)(int,int,...))aSyscall[28].pCurrent)
 
 }; /* End of the overrideable system calls */
@@ -31067,7 +31868,8 @@
 /*
 ** A lists of all unixInodeInfo objects.
 */
-static unixInodeInfo *inodeList = 0;
+static unixInodeInfo *inodeList = 0;  /* All unixInodeInfo objects */
+static unsigned int nUnusedFd = 0;    /* Total unused file descriptors */
 
 /*
 **
@@ -31177,6 +31979,7 @@
     pNext = p->pNext;
     robust_close(pFile, p->fd, __LINE__);
     sqlite3_free(p);
+    nUnusedFd--;
   }
   pInode->pUnused = 0;
 }
@@ -31209,6 +32012,7 @@
       sqlite3_free(pInode);
     }
   }
+  assert( inodeList!=0 || nUnusedFd==0 );
 }
 
 /*
@@ -31278,6 +32082,7 @@
 #else
   fileId.ino = (u64)statbuf.st_ino;
 #endif
+  assert( inodeList!=0 || nUnusedFd==0 );
   pInode = inodeList;
   while( pInode && memcmp(&fileId, &pInode->fileId, sizeof(fileId)) ){
     pInode = pInode->pNext;
@@ -31697,11 +32502,12 @@
 */
 static void setPendingFd(unixFile *pFile){
   unixInodeInfo *pInode = pFile->pInode;
-  UnixUnusedFd *p = pFile->pUnused;
+  UnixUnusedFd *p = pFile->pPreallocatedUnused;
   p->pNext = pInode->pUnused;
   pInode->pUnused = p;
   pFile->h = -1;
-  pFile->pUnused = 0;
+  pFile->pPreallocatedUnused = 0;
+  nUnusedFd++;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -31926,7 +32732,7 @@
 #endif
   OSTRACE(("CLOSE   %-3d\n", pFile->h));
   OpenCounter(-1);
-  sqlite3_free(pFile->pUnused);
+  sqlite3_free(pFile->pPreallocatedUnused);
   memset(pFile, 0, sizeof(unixFile));
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -32263,7 +33069,7 @@
   OSTRACE(("TEST WR-LOCK %d %d %d (flock)\n", pFile->h, rc, reserved));
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  if( (rc & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
+  if( (rc & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
     rc = SQLITE_OK;
     reserved=1;
   }
@@ -32330,7 +33136,7 @@
   OSTRACE(("LOCK    %d %s %s (flock)\n", pFile->h, azFileLock(eFileLock), 
            rc==SQLITE_OK ? "ok" : "failed"));
 #ifdef SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS
-  if( (rc & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
+  if( (rc & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR ){
     rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_IGNORE_FLOCK_LOCK_ERRORS */
@@ -32867,7 +33673,7 @@
           /* Can't reestablish the shared lock.  Sqlite can't deal, this is
           ** a critical I/O error
           */
-          rc = ((failed & SQLITE_IOERR) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 : 
+          rc = ((failed & 0xff) == SQLITE_IOERR) ? failed2 : 
                SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
           goto afp_end_lock;
         } 
@@ -33147,7 +33953,7 @@
   /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
   ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
 #if 0
-  assert( pFile->pUnused==0
+  assert( pFile->pPreallocatedUnused==0
        || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
        || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
   );
@@ -33260,7 +34066,7 @@
   /* If this is a database file (not a journal, master-journal or temp
   ** file), the bytes in the locking range should never be read or written. */
 #if 0
-  assert( pFile->pUnused==0
+  assert( pFile->pPreallocatedUnused==0
        || offset>=PENDING_BYTE+512
        || offset+amt<=PENDING_BYTE 
   );
@@ -33805,6 +34611,14 @@
       if( newLimit>sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap ){
         newLimit = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap;
       }
+
+      /* The value of newLimit may be eventually cast to (size_t) and passed
+      ** to mmap(). Restrict its value to 2GB if (size_t) is not at least a
+      ** 64-bit type. */
+      if( newLimit>0 && sizeof(size_t)<8 ){
+        newLimit = (newLimit & 0x7FFFFFFF);
+      }
+
       *(i64*)pArg = pFile->mmapSizeMax;
       if( newLimit>=0 && newLimit!=pFile->mmapSizeMax && pFile->nFetchOut==0 ){
         pFile->mmapSizeMax = newLimit;
@@ -33880,7 +34694,7 @@
     pFile->sectorSize = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SECTOR_SIZE;
     pFile->deviceCharacteristics = 0;
     if( fstatvfs(pFile->h, &fsInfo) == -1 ) {
-      return pFile->sectorSize;
+      return;
     }
 
     if( !strcmp(fsInfo.f_basetype, "tmp") ) {
@@ -34038,6 +34852,7 @@
   int szRegion;              /* Size of shared-memory regions */
   u16 nRegion;               /* Size of array apRegion */
   u8 isReadonly;             /* True if read-only */
+  u8 isUnlocked;             /* True if no DMS lock held */
   char **apRegion;           /* Array of mapped shared-memory regions */
   int nRef;                  /* Number of unixShm objects pointing to this */
   unixShm *pFirst;           /* All unixShm objects pointing to this */
@@ -34094,7 +34909,7 @@
 
   /* Access to the unixShmNode object is serialized by the caller */
   pShmNode = pFile->pInode->pShmNode;
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->mutex) || pShmNode->nRef==0 );
+  assert( pShmNode->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pShmNode->mutex) );
 
   /* Shared locks never span more than one byte */
   assert( n==1 || lockType!=F_RDLCK );
@@ -34201,6 +35016,64 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** The DMS lock has not yet been taken on shm file pShmNode. Attempt to
+** take it now. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
+** code otherwise.
+**
+** If the DMS cannot be locked because this is a readonly_shm=1 
+** connection and no other process already holds a lock, return
+** SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT and set pShmNode->isUnlocked=1.
+*/
+static int unixLockSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd, unixShmNode *pShmNode){
+  struct flock lock;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  /* Use F_GETLK to determine the locks other processes are holding
+  ** on the DMS byte. If it indicates that another process is holding
+  ** a SHARED lock, then this process may also take a SHARED lock
+  ** and proceed with opening the *-shm file. 
+  **
+  ** Or, if no other process is holding any lock, then this process
+  ** is the first to open it. In this case take an EXCLUSIVE lock on the
+  ** DMS byte and truncate the *-shm file to zero bytes in size. Then
+  ** downgrade to a SHARED lock on the DMS byte.
+  **
+  ** If another process is holding an EXCLUSIVE lock on the DMS byte,
+  ** return SQLITE_BUSY to the caller (it will try again). An earlier
+  ** version of this code attempted the SHARED lock at this point. But
+  ** this introduced a subtle race condition: if the process holding
+  ** EXCLUSIVE failed just before truncating the *-shm file, then this
+  ** process might open and use the *-shm file without truncating it.
+  ** And if the *-shm file has been corrupted by a power failure or
+  ** system crash, the database itself may also become corrupt.  */
+  lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
+  lock.l_start = UNIX_SHM_DMS;
+  lock.l_len = 1;
+  lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+  if( osFcntl(pShmNode->h, F_GETLK, &lock)!=0 ) {
+    rc = SQLITE_IOERR_LOCK;
+  }else if( lock.l_type==F_UNLCK ){
+    if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
+      pShmNode->isUnlocked = 1;
+      rc = SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
+    }else{
+      rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && robust_ftruncate(pShmNode->h, 0) ){
+        rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN,"ftruncate",pShmNode->zFilename);
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( lock.l_type==F_WRLCK ){
+    rc = SQLITE_BUSY;
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    assert( lock.l_type==F_UNLCK || lock.l_type==F_RDLCK );
+    rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Open a shared-memory area associated with open database file pDbFd.  
 ** This particular implementation uses mmapped files.
 **
@@ -34238,9 +35111,9 @@
 static int unixOpenSharedMemory(unixFile *pDbFd){
   struct unixShm *p = 0;          /* The connection to be opened */
   struct unixShmNode *pShmNode;   /* The underlying mmapped file */
-  int rc;                         /* Result code */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Result code */
   unixInodeInfo *pInode;          /* The inode of fd */
-  char *zShmFilename;             /* Name of the file used for SHM */
+  char *zShm;             /* Name of the file used for SHM */
   int nShmFilename;               /* Size of the SHM filename in bytes */
 
   /* Allocate space for the new unixShm object. */
@@ -34281,14 +35154,14 @@
       goto shm_open_err;
     }
     memset(pShmNode, 0, sizeof(*pShmNode)+nShmFilename);
-    zShmFilename = pShmNode->zFilename = (char*)&pShmNode[1];
+    zShm = pShmNode->zFilename = (char*)&pShmNode[1];
 #ifdef SQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShmFilename, 
+    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm, 
                      SQLITE_SHM_DIRECTORY "/sqlite-shm-%x-%x",
                      (u32)sStat.st_ino, (u32)sStat.st_dev);
 #else
-    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShmFilename, "%s-shm", zBasePath);
-    sqlite3FileSuffix3(pDbFd->zPath, zShmFilename);
+    sqlite3_snprintf(nShmFilename, zShm, "%s-shm", zBasePath);
+    sqlite3FileSuffix3(pDbFd->zPath, zShm);
 #endif
     pShmNode->h = -1;
     pDbFd->pInode->pShmNode = pShmNode;
@@ -34302,15 +35175,16 @@
     }
 
     if( pInode->bProcessLock==0 ){
-      int openFlags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
-      if( sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
-        openFlags = O_RDONLY;
-        pShmNode->isReadonly = 1;
+      if( 0==sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
+        pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShm, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
       }
-      pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShmFilename, openFlags, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
       if( pShmNode->h<0 ){
-        rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zShmFilename);
-        goto shm_open_err;
+        pShmNode->h = robust_open(zShm, O_RDONLY, (sStat.st_mode&0777));
+        if( pShmNode->h<0 ){
+          rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zShm);
+          goto shm_open_err;
+        }
+        pShmNode->isReadonly = 1;
       }
 
       /* If this process is running as root, make sure that the SHM file
@@ -34318,20 +35192,9 @@
       ** the original owner will not be able to connect.
       */
       robustFchown(pShmNode->h, sStat.st_uid, sStat.st_gid);
-  
-      /* Check to see if another process is holding the dead-man switch.
-      ** If not, truncate the file to zero length. 
-      */
-      rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      if( unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_WRLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1)==SQLITE_OK ){
-        if( robust_ftruncate(pShmNode->h, 0) ){
-          rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, "ftruncate", zShmFilename);
-        }
-      }
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = unixShmSystemLock(pDbFd, F_RDLCK, UNIX_SHM_DMS, 1);
-      }
-      if( rc ) goto shm_open_err;
+
+      rc = unixLockSharedMemory(pDbFd, pShmNode);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ) goto shm_open_err;
     }
   }
 
@@ -34355,7 +35218,7 @@
   p->pNext = pShmNode->pFirst;
   pShmNode->pFirst = p;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 
   /* Jump here on any error */
 shm_open_err:
@@ -34407,6 +35270,11 @@
   p = pDbFd->pShm;
   pShmNode = p->pShmNode;
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  if( pShmNode->isUnlocked ){
+    rc = unixLockSharedMemory(pDbFd, pShmNode);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto shmpage_out;
+    pShmNode->isUnlocked = 0;
+  }
   assert( szRegion==pShmNode->szRegion || pShmNode->nRegion==0 );
   assert( pShmNode->pInode==pDbFd->pInode );
   assert( pShmNode->h>=0 || pDbFd->pInode->bProcessLock==1 );
@@ -35234,17 +36102,6 @@
 
   assert( pNew->pInode==NULL );
 
-  /* Usually the path zFilename should not be a relative pathname. The
-  ** exception is when opening the proxy "conch" file in builds that
-  ** include the special Apple locking styles.
-  */
-#if defined(__APPLE__) && SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
-  assert( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]=='/' 
-    || pVfs->pAppData==(void*)&autolockIoFinder );
-#else
-  assert( zFilename==0 || zFilename[0]=='/' );
-#endif
-
   /* No locking occurs in temporary files */
   assert( zFilename!=0 || (ctrlFlags & UNIXFILE_NOLOCK)!=0 );
 
@@ -35503,6 +36360,8 @@
 #if !OS_VXWORKS
   struct stat sStat;                   /* Results of stat() call */
 
+  unixEnterMutex();
+
   /* A stat() call may fail for various reasons. If this happens, it is
   ** almost certain that an open() call on the same path will also fail.
   ** For this reason, if an error occurs in the stat() call here, it is
@@ -35511,10 +36370,9 @@
   **
   ** Even if a subsequent open() call does succeed, the consequences of
   ** not searching for a reusable file descriptor are not dire.  */
-  if( 0==osStat(zPath, &sStat) ){
+  if( nUnusedFd>0 && 0==osStat(zPath, &sStat) ){
     unixInodeInfo *pInode;
 
-    unixEnterMutex();
     pInode = inodeList;
     while( pInode && (pInode->fileId.dev!=sStat.st_dev
                      || pInode->fileId.ino!=(u64)sStat.st_ino) ){
@@ -35525,11 +36383,12 @@
       for(pp=&pInode->pUnused; *pp && (*pp)->flags!=flags; pp=&((*pp)->pNext));
       pUnused = *pp;
       if( pUnused ){
+        nUnusedFd--;
         *pp = pUnused->pNext;
       }
     }
-    unixLeaveMutex();
   }
+  unixLeaveMutex();
 #endif    /* if !OS_VXWORKS */
   return pUnused;
 }
@@ -35605,16 +36464,11 @@
     */
     nDb = sqlite3Strlen30(zPath) - 1; 
     while( zPath[nDb]!='-' ){
-#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_8_3_NAMES
-      /* In the normal case (8+3 filenames disabled) the journal filename
-      ** is guaranteed to contain a '-' character. */
-      assert( nDb>0 );
-      assert( sqlite3Isalnum(zPath[nDb]) );
-#else
-      /* If 8+3 names are possible, then the journal file might not contain
-      ** a '-' character.  So check for that case and return early. */
+      /* In normal operation, the journal file name will always contain
+      ** a '-' character.  However in 8+3 filename mode, or if a corrupt
+      ** rollback journal specifies a master journal with a goofy name, then
+      ** the '-' might be missing. */
       if( nDb==0 || zPath[nDb]=='.' ) return SQLITE_OK;
-#endif
       nDb--;
     }
     memcpy(zDb, zPath, nDb);
@@ -35689,7 +36543,7 @@
   ** a file-descriptor on the directory too. The first time unixSync()
   ** is called the directory file descriptor will be fsync()ed and close()d.
   */
-  int syncDir = (isCreate && (
+  int isNewJrnl = (isCreate && (
         eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL 
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL 
      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL
@@ -35750,7 +36604,7 @@
         return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
       }
     }
-    p->pUnused = pUnused;
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused = pUnused;
 
     /* Database filenames are double-zero terminated if they are not
     ** URIs with parameters.  Hence, they can always be passed into
@@ -35759,7 +36613,7 @@
 
   }else if( !zName ){
     /* If zName is NULL, the upper layer is requesting a temp file. */
-    assert(isDelete && !syncDir);
+    assert(isDelete && !isNewJrnl);
     rc = unixGetTempname(pVfs->mxPathname, zTmpname);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
@@ -35787,24 +36641,31 @@
     gid_t gid;                    /* Groupid for the file */
     rc = findCreateFileMode(zName, flags, &openMode, &uid, &gid);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-      assert( !p->pUnused );
+      assert( !p->pPreallocatedUnused );
       assert( eType==SQLITE_OPEN_WAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL );
       return rc;
     }
     fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
     OSTRACE(("OPENX   %-3d %s 0%o\n", fd, zName, openFlags));
     assert( !isExclusive || (openFlags & O_CREAT)!=0 );
-    if( fd<0 && errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite ){
-      /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
-      flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
-      openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
-      flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
-      openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
-      isReadonly = 1;
-      fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
+    if( fd<0 ){
+      if( isNewJrnl && errno==EACCES && osAccess(zName, F_OK) ){
+        /* If unable to create a journal because the directory is not
+        ** writable, change the error code to indicate that. */
+        rc = SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY;
+      }else if( errno!=EISDIR && isReadWrite ){
+        /* Failed to open the file for read/write access. Try read-only. */
+        flags &= ~(SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE|SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE);
+        openFlags &= ~(O_RDWR|O_CREAT);
+        flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+        openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
+        isReadonly = 1;
+        fd = robust_open(zName, openFlags, openMode);
+      }
     }
     if( fd<0 ){
-      rc = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zName);
+      int rc2 = unixLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT, "open", zName);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = rc2;
       goto open_finished;
     }
 
@@ -35821,9 +36682,9 @@
     *pOutFlags = flags;
   }
 
-  if( p->pUnused ){
-    p->pUnused->fd = fd;
-    p->pUnused->flags = flags;
+  if( p->pPreallocatedUnused ){
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused->fd = fd;
+    p->pPreallocatedUnused->flags = flags;
   }
 
   if( isDelete ){
@@ -35864,7 +36725,7 @@
   if( isReadonly )              ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_RDONLY;
   noLock = eType!=SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
   if( noLock )                  ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_NOLOCK;
-  if( syncDir )                 ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_DIRSYNC;
+  if( isNewJrnl )               ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_DIRSYNC;
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_URI ) ctrlFlags |= UNIXFILE_URI;
 
 #if SQLITE_ENABLE_LOCKING_STYLE
@@ -35900,11 +36761,14 @@
   }
 #endif
   
+  assert( zPath==0 || zPath[0]=='/' 
+      || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MASTER_JOURNAL || eType==SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_JOURNAL 
+  );
   rc = fillInUnixFile(pVfs, fd, pFile, zPath, ctrlFlags);
 
 open_finished:
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    sqlite3_free(p->pUnused);
+    sqlite3_free(p->pPreallocatedUnused);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -36645,7 +37509,7 @@
   dummyVfs.zName = "dummy";
   pUnused->fd = fd;
   pUnused->flags = openFlags;
-  pNew->pUnused = pUnused;
+  pNew->pPreallocatedUnused = pUnused;
   
   rc = fillInUnixFile(&dummyVfs, fd, (sqlite3_file*)pNew, path, 0);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -41378,6 +42242,14 @@
       if( newLimit>sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap ){
         newLimit = sqlite3GlobalConfig.mxMmap;
       }
+
+      /* The value of newLimit may be eventually cast to (SIZE_T) and passed
+      ** to MapViewOfFile(). Restrict its value to 2GB if (SIZE_T) is not at
+      ** least a 64-bit type. */
+      if( newLimit>0 && sizeof(SIZE_T)<8 ){
+        newLimit = (newLimit & 0x7FFFFFFF);
+      }
+
       *(i64*)pArg = pFile->mmapSizeMax;
       if( newLimit>=0 && newLimit!=pFile->mmapSizeMax && pFile->nFetchOut==0 ){
         pFile->mmapSizeMax = newLimit;
@@ -41484,6 +42356,9 @@
 
   int szRegion;              /* Size of shared-memory regions */
   int nRegion;               /* Size of array apRegion */
+  u8 isReadonly;             /* True if read-only */
+  u8 isUnlocked;             /* True if no DMS lock held */
+
   struct ShmRegion {
     HANDLE hMap;             /* File handle from CreateFileMapping */
     void *pMap;
@@ -41550,7 +42425,7 @@
   int rc = 0;           /* Result code form Lock/UnlockFileEx() */
 
   /* Access to the winShmNode object is serialized by the caller */
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pFile->mutex) || pFile->nRef==0 );
+  assert( pFile->nRef==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pFile->mutex) );
 
   OSTRACE(("SHM-LOCK file=%p, lock=%d, offset=%d, size=%d\n",
            pFile->hFile.h, lockType, ofst, nByte));
@@ -41632,6 +42507,37 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** The DMS lock has not yet been taken on shm file pShmNode. Attempt to
+** take it now. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
+** code otherwise.
+**
+** If the DMS cannot be locked because this is a readonly_shm=1
+** connection and no other process already holds a lock, return
+** SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT and set pShmNode->isUnlocked=1.
+*/
+static int winLockSharedMemory(winShmNode *pShmNode){
+  int rc = winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_WRLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
+      pShmNode->isUnlocked = 1;
+      winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+      return SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
+    }else if( winTruncate((sqlite3_file*)&pShmNode->hFile, 0) ){
+      winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+      return winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, osGetLastError(),
+                         "winLockSharedMemory", pShmNode->zFilename);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+  }
+
+  return winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_RDLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Open the shared-memory area associated with database file pDbFd.
 **
 ** When opening a new shared-memory file, if no other instances of that
@@ -41640,9 +42546,9 @@
 */
 static int winOpenSharedMemory(winFile *pDbFd){
   struct winShm *p;                  /* The connection to be opened */
-  struct winShmNode *pShmNode = 0;   /* The underlying mmapped file */
-  int rc;                            /* Result code */
-  struct winShmNode *pNew;           /* Newly allocated winShmNode */
+  winShmNode *pShmNode = 0;          /* The underlying mmapped file */
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;                /* Result code */
+  winShmNode *pNew;                  /* Newly allocated winShmNode */
   int nName;                         /* Size of zName in bytes */
 
   assert( pDbFd->pShm==0 );    /* Not previously opened */
@@ -41675,6 +42581,9 @@
   if( pShmNode ){
     sqlite3_free(pNew);
   }else{
+    int inFlags = SQLITE_OPEN_WAL;
+    int outFlags = 0;
+
     pShmNode = pNew;
     pNew = 0;
     ((winFile*)(&pShmNode->hFile))->h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
@@ -41689,30 +42598,23 @@
       }
     }
 
-    rc = winOpen(pDbFd->pVfs,
-                 pShmNode->zFilename,             /* Name of the file (UTF-8) */
-                 (sqlite3_file*)&pShmNode->hFile,  /* File handle here */
-                 SQLITE_OPEN_WAL | SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE,
-                 0);
-    if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
+    if( 0==sqlite3_uri_boolean(pDbFd->zPath, "readonly_shm", 0) ){
+      inFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE;
+    }else{
+      inFlags |= SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY;
+    }
+    rc = winOpen(pDbFd->pVfs, pShmNode->zFilename,
+                 (sqlite3_file*)&pShmNode->hFile,
+                 inFlags, &outFlags);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = winLogError(rc, osGetLastError(), "winOpenShm",
+                       pShmNode->zFilename);
       goto shm_open_err;
     }
+    if( outFlags==SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY ) pShmNode->isReadonly = 1;
 
-    /* Check to see if another process is holding the dead-man switch.
-    ** If not, truncate the file to zero length.
-    */
-    if( winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_WRLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1)==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = winTruncate((sqlite3_file *)&pShmNode->hFile, 0);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = winLogError(SQLITE_IOERR_SHMOPEN, osGetLastError(),
-                         "winOpenShm", pDbFd->zPath);
-      }
-    }
-    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_UNLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
-      rc = winShmSystemLock(pShmNode, WINSHM_RDLCK, WIN_SHM_DMS, 1);
-    }
-    if( rc ) goto shm_open_err;
+    rc = winLockSharedMemory(pShmNode);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ) goto shm_open_err;
   }
 
   /* Make the new connection a child of the winShmNode */
@@ -41735,7 +42637,7 @@
   p->pNext = pShmNode->pFirst;
   pShmNode->pFirst = p;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 
   /* Jump here on any error */
 shm_open_err:
@@ -41939,6 +42841,8 @@
   winFile *pDbFd = (winFile*)fd;
   winShm *pShm = pDbFd->pShm;
   winShmNode *pShmNode;
+  DWORD protect = PAGE_READWRITE;
+  DWORD flags = FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   if( !pShm ){
@@ -41949,6 +42853,11 @@
   pShmNode = pShm->pShmNode;
 
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(pShmNode->mutex);
+  if( pShmNode->isUnlocked ){
+    rc = winLockSharedMemory(pShmNode);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto shmpage_out;
+    pShmNode->isUnlocked = 0;
+  }
   assert( szRegion==pShmNode->szRegion || pShmNode->nRegion==0 );
 
   if( pShmNode->nRegion<=iRegion ){
@@ -41995,21 +42904,26 @@
     }
     pShmNode->aRegion = apNew;
 
+    if( pShmNode->isReadonly ){
+      protect = PAGE_READONLY;
+      flags = FILE_MAP_READ;
+    }
+
     while( pShmNode->nRegion<=iRegion ){
       HANDLE hMap = NULL;         /* file-mapping handle */
       void *pMap = 0;             /* Mapped memory region */
 
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
       hMap = osCreateFileMappingFromApp(pShmNode->hFile.h,
-          NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, nByte, NULL
+          NULL, protect, nByte, NULL
       );
 #elif defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_WIDE)
       hMap = osCreateFileMappingW(pShmNode->hFile.h,
-          NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, nByte, NULL
+          NULL, protect, 0, nByte, NULL
       );
 #elif defined(SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI) && SQLITE_WIN32_CREATEFILEMAPPINGA
       hMap = osCreateFileMappingA(pShmNode->hFile.h,
-          NULL, PAGE_READWRITE, 0, nByte, NULL
+          NULL, protect, 0, nByte, NULL
       );
 #endif
       OSTRACE(("SHM-MAP-CREATE pid=%lu, region=%d, size=%d, rc=%s\n",
@@ -42019,11 +42933,11 @@
         int iOffset = pShmNode->nRegion*szRegion;
         int iOffsetShift = iOffset % winSysInfo.dwAllocationGranularity;
 #if SQLITE_OS_WINRT
-        pMap = osMapViewOfFileFromApp(hMap, FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ,
+        pMap = osMapViewOfFileFromApp(hMap, flags,
             iOffset - iOffsetShift, szRegion + iOffsetShift
         );
 #else
-        pMap = osMapViewOfFile(hMap, FILE_MAP_WRITE | FILE_MAP_READ,
+        pMap = osMapViewOfFile(hMap, flags,
             0, iOffset - iOffsetShift, szRegion + iOffsetShift
         );
 #endif
@@ -42054,6 +42968,7 @@
   }else{
     *pp = 0;
   }
+  if( pShmNode->isReadonly && rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = SQLITE_READONLY;
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(pShmNode->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
@@ -42690,6 +43605,14 @@
   return (attr!=INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) && (attr&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
 }
 
+/* forward reference */
+static int winAccess(
+  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs,         /* Not used on win32 */
+  const char *zFilename,     /* Name of file to check */
+  int flags,                 /* Type of test to make on this file */
+  int *pResOut               /* OUT: Result */
+);
+
 /*
 ** Open a file.
 */
@@ -42866,37 +43789,58 @@
     extendedParameters.dwSecurityQosFlags = SECURITY_ANONYMOUS;
     extendedParameters.lpSecurityAttributes = NULL;
     extendedParameters.hTemplateFile = NULL;
-    while( (h = osCreateFile2((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
-                              dwDesiredAccess,
-                              dwShareMode,
-                              dwCreationDisposition,
-                              &extendedParameters))==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
-                              winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) ){
-               /* Noop */
-    }
+    do{
+      h = osCreateFile2((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
+                        dwDesiredAccess,
+                        dwShareMode,
+                        dwCreationDisposition,
+                        &extendedParameters);
+      if( h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) break;
+      if( isReadWrite ){
+        int rc2, isRO = 0;
+        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+        rc2 = winAccess(pVfs, zName, SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, &isRO);
+        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK && isRO ) break;
+      }
+    }while( winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) );
 #else
-    while( (h = osCreateFileW((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
-                              dwDesiredAccess,
-                              dwShareMode, NULL,
-                              dwCreationDisposition,
-                              dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                              NULL))==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
-                              winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) ){
-               /* Noop */
-    }
+    do{
+      h = osCreateFileW((LPCWSTR)zConverted,
+                        dwDesiredAccess,
+                        dwShareMode, NULL,
+                        dwCreationDisposition,
+                        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+                        NULL);
+      if( h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) break;
+      if( isReadWrite ){
+        int rc2, isRO = 0;
+        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+        rc2 = winAccess(pVfs, zName, SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, &isRO);
+        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK && isRO ) break;
+      }
+    }while( winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) );
 #endif
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_WIN32_HAS_ANSI
   else{
-    while( (h = osCreateFileA((LPCSTR)zConverted,
-                              dwDesiredAccess,
-                              dwShareMode, NULL,
-                              dwCreationDisposition,
-                              dwFlagsAndAttributes,
-                              NULL))==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE &&
-                              winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) ){
-               /* Noop */
-    }
+    do{
+      h = osCreateFileA((LPCSTR)zConverted,
+                        dwDesiredAccess,
+                        dwShareMode, NULL,
+                        dwCreationDisposition,
+                        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+                        NULL);
+      if( h!=INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) break;
+      if( isReadWrite ){
+        int rc2, isRO = 0;
+        sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+        rc2 = winAccess(pVfs, zName, SQLITE_ACCESS_READ, &isRO);
+        sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+        if( rc2==SQLITE_OK && isRO ) break;
+      }
+    }while( winRetryIoerr(&cnt, &lastErrno) );
   }
 #endif
   winLogIoerr(cnt, __LINE__);
@@ -42905,8 +43849,6 @@
            dwDesiredAccess, (h==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) ? "failed" : "ok"));
 
   if( h==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ){
-    pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
-    winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, pFile->lastErrno, "winOpen", zUtf8Name);
     sqlite3_free(zConverted);
     sqlite3_free(zTmpname);
     if( isReadWrite && !isExclusive ){
@@ -42915,6 +43857,8 @@
                      ~(SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE|SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE)),
          pOutFlags);
     }else{
+      pFile->lastErrno = lastErrno;
+      winLogError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, pFile->lastErrno, "winOpen", zUtf8Name);
       return SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
     }
   }
@@ -43507,9 +44451,6 @@
   EntropyGatherer e;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pVfs);
   memset(zBuf, 0, nBuf);
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400 && !SQLITE_OS_WINCE
-  rand_s((unsigned int*)zBuf); /* rand_s() is not available with MinGW */
-#endif /* defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER>=1400 */
   e.a = (unsigned char*)zBuf;
   e.na = nBuf;
   e.nXor = 0;
@@ -44428,12 +45369,9 @@
         p->eCreate = 2;
       }
     }
-    pPage->pDirtyNext = 0;
-    pPage->pDirtyPrev = 0;
   }
   if( addRemove & PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_ADD ){
-    assert( pPage->pDirtyNext==0 && pPage->pDirtyPrev==0 && p->pDirty!=pPage );
-  
+    pPage->pDirtyPrev = 0;
     pPage->pDirtyNext = p->pDirty;
     if( pPage->pDirtyNext ){
       assert( pPage->pDirtyNext->pDirtyPrev==0 );
@@ -44750,11 +45688,7 @@
   if( (--p->nRef)==0 ){
     if( p->flags&PGHDR_CLEAN ){
       pcacheUnpin(p);
-    }else if( p->pDirtyPrev!=0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
-      /* Move the page to the head of the dirty list. If p->pDirtyPrev==0,
-      ** then page p is already at the head of the dirty list and the
-      ** following call would be a no-op. Hence the OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE
-      ** tag above.  */
+    }else{
       pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_FRONT);
     }
   }
@@ -44810,16 +45744,15 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PcacheMakeClean(PgHdr *p){
   assert( sqlite3PcachePageSanity(p) );
-  if( ALWAYS((p->flags & PGHDR_DIRTY)!=0) ){
-    assert( (p->flags & PGHDR_CLEAN)==0 );
-    pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_REMOVE);
-    p->flags &= ~(PGHDR_DIRTY|PGHDR_NEED_SYNC|PGHDR_WRITEABLE);
-    p->flags |= PGHDR_CLEAN;
-    pcacheTrace(("%p.CLEAN %d\n",p->pCache,p->pgno));
-    assert( sqlite3PcachePageSanity(p) );
-    if( p->nRef==0 ){
-      pcacheUnpin(p);
-    }
+  assert( (p->flags & PGHDR_DIRTY)!=0 );
+  assert( (p->flags & PGHDR_CLEAN)==0 );
+  pcacheManageDirtyList(p, PCACHE_DIRTYLIST_REMOVE);
+  p->flags &= ~(PGHDR_DIRTY|PGHDR_NEED_SYNC|PGHDR_WRITEABLE);
+  p->flags |= PGHDR_CLEAN;
+  pcacheTrace(("%p.CLEAN %d\n",p->pCache,p->pgno));
+  assert( sqlite3PcachePageSanity(p) );
+  if( p->nRef==0 ){
+    pcacheUnpin(p);
   }
 }
 
@@ -45215,7 +46148,6 @@
 struct PgHdr1 {
   sqlite3_pcache_page page;      /* Base class. Must be first. pBuf & pExtra */
   unsigned int iKey;             /* Key value (page number) */
-  u8 isPinned;                   /* Page in use, not on the LRU list */
   u8 isBulkLocal;                /* This page from bulk local storage */
   u8 isAnchor;                   /* This is the PGroup.lru element */
   PgHdr1 *pNext;                 /* Next in hash table chain */
@@ -45224,6 +46156,12 @@
   PgHdr1 *pLruPrev;              /* Previous in LRU list of unpinned pages */
 };
 
+/*
+** A page is pinned if it is no on the LRU list
+*/
+#define PAGE_IS_PINNED(p)    ((p)->pLruNext==0)
+#define PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p)  ((p)->pLruNext!=0)
+
 /* Each page cache (or PCache) belongs to a PGroup.  A PGroup is a set 
 ** of one or more PCaches that are able to recycle each other's unpinned
 ** pages when they are under memory pressure.  A PGroup is an instance of
@@ -45251,7 +46189,7 @@
   unsigned int nMaxPage;         /* Sum of nMax for purgeable caches */
   unsigned int nMinPage;         /* Sum of nMin for purgeable caches */
   unsigned int mxPinned;         /* nMaxpage + 10 - nMinPage */
-  unsigned int nCurrentPage;     /* Number of purgeable pages allocated */
+  unsigned int nPurgeable;       /* Number of purgeable pages allocated */
   PgHdr1 lru;                    /* The beginning and end of the LRU list */
 };
 
@@ -45265,11 +46203,13 @@
 */
 struct PCache1 {
   /* Cache configuration parameters. Page size (szPage) and the purgeable
-  ** flag (bPurgeable) are set when the cache is created. nMax may be 
+  ** flag (bPurgeable) and the pnPurgeable pointer are all set when the
+  ** cache is created and are never changed thereafter. nMax may be 
   ** modified at any time by a call to the pcache1Cachesize() method.
   ** The PGroup mutex must be held when accessing nMax.
   */
   PGroup *pGroup;                     /* PGroup this cache belongs to */
+  unsigned int *pnPurgeable;          /* Pointer to pGroup->nPurgeable */
   int szPage;                         /* Size of database content section */
   int szExtra;                        /* sizeof(MemPage)+sizeof(PgHdr) */
   int szAlloc;                        /* Total size of one pcache line */
@@ -45364,6 +46304,7 @@
   if( pcache1.isInit ){
     PgFreeslot *p;
     if( pBuf==0 ) sz = n = 0;
+    if( n==0 ) sz = 0;
     sz = ROUNDDOWN8(sz);
     pcache1.szSlot = sz;
     pcache1.nSlot = pcache1.nFreeSlot = n;
@@ -45556,9 +46497,7 @@
     p->isBulkLocal = 0;
     p->isAnchor = 0;
   }
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-    pCache->pGroup->nCurrentPage++;
-  }
+  (*pCache->pnPurgeable)++;
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -45579,9 +46518,7 @@
     sqlite3_free(p);
 #endif
   }
-  if( pCache->bPurgeable ){
-    pCache->pGroup->nCurrentPage--;
-  }
+  (*pCache->pnPurgeable)--;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -45676,22 +46613,18 @@
 ** The PGroup mutex must be held when this function is called.
 */
 static PgHdr1 *pcache1PinPage(PgHdr1 *pPage){
-  PCache1 *pCache;
-
   assert( pPage!=0 );
-  assert( pPage->isPinned==0 );
-  pCache = pPage->pCache;
+  assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) );
   assert( pPage->pLruNext );
   assert( pPage->pLruPrev );
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCache->pGroup->mutex) );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pCache->pGroup->mutex) );
   pPage->pLruPrev->pLruNext = pPage->pLruNext;
   pPage->pLruNext->pLruPrev = pPage->pLruPrev;
   pPage->pLruNext = 0;
   pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
-  pPage->isPinned = 1;
   assert( pPage->isAnchor==0 );
-  assert( pCache->pGroup->lru.isAnchor==1 );
-  pCache->nRecyclable--;
+  assert( pPage->pCache->pGroup->lru.isAnchor==1 );
+  pPage->pCache->nRecyclable--;
   return pPage;
 }
 
@@ -45725,11 +46658,11 @@
   PGroup *pGroup = pCache->pGroup;
   PgHdr1 *p;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pGroup->mutex) );
-  while( pGroup->nCurrentPage>pGroup->nMaxPage
+  while( pGroup->nPurgeable>pGroup->nMaxPage
       && (p=pGroup->lru.pLruPrev)->isAnchor==0
   ){
     assert( p->pCache->pGroup==pGroup );
-    assert( p->isPinned==0 );
+    assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );
     pcache1PinPage(p);
     pcache1RemoveFromHash(p, 1);
   }
@@ -45778,7 +46711,7 @@
       if( pPage->iKey>=iLimit ){
         pCache->nPage--;
         *pp = pPage->pNext;
-        if( !pPage->isPinned ) pcache1PinPage(pPage);
+        if( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) ) pcache1PinPage(pPage);
         pcache1FreePage(pPage);
       }else{
         pp = &pPage->pNext;
@@ -45896,6 +46829,10 @@
       pCache->nMin = 10;
       pGroup->nMinPage += pCache->nMin;
       pGroup->mxPinned = pGroup->nMaxPage + 10 - pGroup->nMinPage;
+      pCache->pnPurgeable = &pGroup->nPurgeable;
+    }else{
+      static unsigned int dummyCurrentPage;
+      pCache->pnPurgeable = &dummyCurrentPage;
     }
     pcache1LeaveMutex(pGroup);
     if( pCache->nHash==0 ){
@@ -45997,7 +46934,7 @@
   ){
     PCache1 *pOther;
     pPage = pGroup->lru.pLruPrev;
-    assert( pPage->isPinned==0 );
+    assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) );
     pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage, 0);
     pcache1PinPage(pPage);
     pOther = pPage->pCache;
@@ -46005,7 +46942,7 @@
       pcache1FreePage(pPage);
       pPage = 0;
     }else{
-      pGroup->nCurrentPage -= (pOther->bPurgeable - pCache->bPurgeable);
+      pGroup->nPurgeable -= (pOther->bPurgeable - pCache->bPurgeable);
     }
   }
 
@@ -46024,7 +46961,6 @@
     pPage->pCache = pCache;
     pPage->pLruPrev = 0;
     pPage->pLruNext = 0;
-    pPage->isPinned = 1;
     *(void **)pPage->page.pExtra = 0;
     pCache->apHash[h] = pPage;
     if( iKey>pCache->iMaxKey ){
@@ -46110,7 +47046,7 @@
   ** Otherwise (page not in hash and createFlag!=0) continue with
   ** subsequent steps to try to create the page. */
   if( pPage ){
-    if( !pPage->isPinned ){
+    if( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(pPage) ){
       return pcache1PinPage(pPage);
     }else{
       return pPage;
@@ -46185,9 +47121,9 @@
   ** part of the PGroup LRU list.
   */
   assert( pPage->pLruPrev==0 && pPage->pLruNext==0 );
-  assert( pPage->isPinned==1 );
+  assert( PAGE_IS_PINNED(pPage) );
 
-  if( reuseUnlikely || pGroup->nCurrentPage>pGroup->nMaxPage ){
+  if( reuseUnlikely || pGroup->nPurgeable>pGroup->nMaxPage ){
     pcache1RemoveFromHash(pPage, 1);
   }else{
     /* Add the page to the PGroup LRU list. */
@@ -46196,7 +47132,6 @@
     (pPage->pLruNext = *ppFirst)->pLruPrev = pPage;
     *ppFirst = pPage;
     pCache->nRecyclable++;
-    pPage->isPinned = 0;
   }
 
   pcache1LeaveMutex(pCache->pGroup);
@@ -46340,7 +47275,7 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_PCACHE_SEPARATE_HEADER
       nFree += sqlite3MemSize(p);
 #endif
-      assert( p->isPinned==0 );
+      assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );
       pcache1PinPage(p);
       pcache1RemoveFromHash(p, 1);
     }
@@ -46364,10 +47299,10 @@
   PgHdr1 *p;
   int nRecyclable = 0;
   for(p=pcache1.grp.lru.pLruNext; p && !p->isAnchor; p=p->pLruNext){
-    assert( p->isPinned==0 );
+    assert( PAGE_IS_UNPINNED(p) );
     nRecyclable++;
   }
-  *pnCurrent = pcache1.grp.nCurrentPage;
+  *pnCurrent = pcache1.grp.nPurgeable;
   *pnMax = (int)pcache1.grp.nMaxPage;
   *pnMin = (int)pcache1.grp.nMinPage;
   *pnRecyclable = nRecyclable;
@@ -46922,11 +47857,11 @@
 
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 
-/* Additional values that can be added to the sync_flags argument of
-** sqlite3WalFrames():
+/* Macros for extracting appropriate sync flags for either transaction
+** commits (WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(X)) or for checkpoint ops (CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(X)):
 */
-#define WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS  0x20   /* Sync at the end of each transaction */
-#define SQLITE_SYNC_MASK       0x13   /* Mask off the SQLITE_SYNC_* values */
+#define WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(X)   ((X)&0x03)
+#define CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(X)  (((X)>>2)&0x03)
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
 # define sqlite3WalOpen(x,y,z)                   0
@@ -47159,8 +48094,8 @@
 ** associated file-descriptor is returned. FILEHANDLEID() takes an sqlite3_file
 ** struct as its argument.
 */
-#define PAGERID(p) ((int)(p->fd))
-#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) ((int)fd)
+#define PAGERID(p) (SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(p->fd))
+#define FILEHANDLEID(fd) (SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(fd))
 
 /*
 ** The Pager.eState variable stores the current 'state' of a pager. A
@@ -47647,6 +48582,18 @@
 **   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode 
 **   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX 
 **   sub-codes.
+**
+** syncFlags, walSyncFlags
+**
+**   syncFlags is either SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL (0x02) or SQLITE_SYNC_FULL (0x03).
+**   syncFlags is used for rollback mode.  walSyncFlags is used for WAL mode
+**   and contains the flags used to sync the checkpoint operations in the
+**   lower two bits, and sync flags used for transaction commits in the WAL
+**   file in bits 0x04 and 0x08.  In other words, to get the correct sync flags
+**   for checkpoint operations, use (walSyncFlags&0x03) and to get the correct
+**   sync flags for transaction commit, use ((walSyncFlags>>2)&0x03).  Note
+**   that with synchronous=NORMAL in WAL mode, transaction commit is not synced
+**   meaning that the 0x04 and 0x08 bits are both zero.
 */
 struct Pager {
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
@@ -47656,9 +48603,8 @@
   u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
   u8 fullSync;                /* Do extra syncs of the journal for robustness */
   u8 extraSync;               /* sync directory after journal delete */
-  u8 ckptSyncFlags;           /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for checkpoint */
-  u8 walSyncFlags;            /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL for wal writes */
   u8 syncFlags;               /* SYNC_NORMAL or SYNC_FULL otherwise */
+  u8 walSyncFlags;            /* See description above */
   u8 tempFile;                /* zFilename is a temporary or immutable file */
   u8 noLock;                  /* Do not lock (except in WAL mode) */
   u8 readOnly;                /* True for a read-only database */
@@ -48228,10 +49174,12 @@
 
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
   dc = sqlite3OsDeviceCharacteristics(pPager->fd);
+#else
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pPager);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_BATCH_ATOMIC_WRITE
-  if( pPager->dbSize>0 && (dc&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC) ){
+  if( dc&SQLITE_IOCAP_BATCH_ATOMIC ){
     return -1;
   }
 #endif
@@ -48335,6 +49283,7 @@
    || szJ<16
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-16, &len))
    || len>=nMaster 
+   || len>szJ-16
    || len==0 
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = read32bits(pJrnl, szJ-12, &cksum))
    || SQLITE_OK!=(rc = sqlite3OsRead(pJrnl, aMagic, 8, szJ-8))
@@ -49826,6 +50775,7 @@
   char *zMaster = 0;       /* Name of master journal file if any */
   int needPagerReset;      /* True to reset page prior to first page rollback */
   int nPlayback = 0;       /* Total number of pages restored from journal */
+  u32 savedPageSize = pPager->pageSize;
 
   /* Figure out how many records are in the journal.  Abort early if
   ** the journal is empty.
@@ -49955,6 +50905,9 @@
   assert( 0 );
 
 end_playback:
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3PagerSetPagesize(pPager, &savedPageSize, -1);
+  }
   /* Following a rollback, the database file should be back in its original
   ** state prior to the start of the transaction, so invoke the
   ** SQLITE_FCNTL_DB_UNCHANGED file-control method to disable the
@@ -50013,7 +50966,8 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Read the content for page pPg out of the database file and into 
+** Read the content for page pPg out of the database file (or out of
+** the WAL if that is where the most recent copy if found) into 
 ** pPg->pData. A shared lock or greater must be held on the database
 ** file before this function is called.
 **
@@ -50023,30 +50977,33 @@
 ** If an IO error occurs, then the IO error is returned to the caller.
 ** Otherwise, SQLITE_OK is returned.
 */
-static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg, u32 iFrame){
+static int readDbPage(PgHdr *pPg){
   Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager; /* Pager object associated with page pPg */
-  Pgno pgno = pPg->pgno;       /* Page number to read */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;          /* Return code */
-  int pgsz = pPager->pageSize; /* Number of bytes to read */
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  u32 iFrame = 0;              /* Frame of WAL containing pgno */
 
   assert( pPager->eState>=PAGER_READER && !MEMDB );
   assert( isOpen(pPager->fd) );
 
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
+  if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
+    rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pPg->pgno, &iFrame);
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+  }
   if( iFrame ){
-    /* Try to pull the page from the write-ahead log. */
-    rc = sqlite3WalReadFrame(pPager->pWal, iFrame, pgsz, pPg->pData);
+    rc = sqlite3WalReadFrame(pPager->pWal, iFrame,pPager->pageSize,pPg->pData);
   }else
 #endif
   {
-    i64 iOffset = (pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
-    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, pPg->pData, pgsz, iOffset);
+    i64 iOffset = (pPg->pgno-1)*(i64)pPager->pageSize;
+    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, pPg->pData, pPager->pageSize, iOffset);
     if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
 
-  if( pgno==1 ){
+  if( pPg->pgno==1 ){
     if( rc ){
       /* If the read is unsuccessful, set the dbFileVers[] to something
       ** that will never be a valid file version.  dbFileVers[] is a copy
@@ -50066,13 +51023,13 @@
       memcpy(&pPager->dbFileVers, dbFileVers, sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers));
     }
   }
-  CODEC1(pPager, pPg->pData, pgno, 3, rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
+  CODEC1(pPager, pPg->pData, pPg->pgno, 3, rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT);
 
   PAGER_INCR(sqlite3_pager_readdb_count);
   PAGER_INCR(pPager->nRead);
-  IOTRACE(("PGIN %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
+  IOTRACE(("PGIN %p %d\n", pPager, pPg->pgno));
   PAGERTRACE(("FETCH %d page %d hash(%08x)\n",
-               PAGERID(pPager), pgno, pager_pagehash(pPg)));
+               PAGERID(pPager), pPg->pgno, pager_pagehash(pPg)));
 
   return rc;
 }
@@ -50123,11 +51080,7 @@
     if( sqlite3PcachePageRefcount(pPg)==1 ){
       sqlite3PcacheDrop(pPg);
     }else{
-      u32 iFrame = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pPg->pgno, &iFrame);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        rc = readDbPage(pPg, iFrame);
-      }
+      rc = readDbPage(pPg);
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         pPager->xReiniter(pPg);
       }
@@ -50299,7 +51252,7 @@
   nPage = sqlite3WalDbsize(pPager->pWal);
 
   /* If the number of pages in the database is not available from the
-  ** WAL sub-system, determine the page counte based on the size of
+  ** WAL sub-system, determine the page count based on the size of
   ** the database file.  If the size of the database file is not an
   ** integer multiple of the page-size, round up the result.
   */
@@ -50350,23 +51303,21 @@
 
   if( !pPager->tempFile ){
     int isWal;                    /* True if WAL file exists */
-    Pgno nPage;                   /* Size of the database file */
-
-    rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-    if( rc ) return rc;
-    if( nPage==0 ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, 0);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
-      isWal = 0;
-    }else{
-      rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
-          pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &isWal
-      );
-    }
+    rc = sqlite3OsAccess(
+        pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &isWal
+    );
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       if( isWal ){
-        testcase( sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
-        rc = sqlite3PagerOpenWal(pPager, 0);
+        Pgno nPage;                   /* Size of the database file */
+
+        rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
+        if( rc ) return rc;
+        if( nPage==0 ){
+          rc = sqlite3OsDelete(pPager->pVfs, pPager->zWal, 0);
+        }else{
+          testcase( sqlite3PcachePagecount(pPager->pPCache)==0 );
+          rc = sqlite3PagerOpenWal(pPager, 0);
+        }
       }else if( pPager->journalMode==PAGER_JOURNALMODE_WAL ){
         pPager->journalMode = PAGER_JOURNALMODE_DELETE;
       }
@@ -50635,20 +51586,17 @@
   }
   if( pPager->noSync ){
     pPager->syncFlags = 0;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = 0;
   }else if( pgFlags & PAGER_FULLFSYNC ){
     pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
-  }else if( pgFlags & PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC ){
-    pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_FULL;
   }else{
     pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
   }
-  pPager->walSyncFlags = pPager->syncFlags;
+  pPager->walSyncFlags = (pPager->syncFlags<<2);
   if( pPager->fullSync ){
-    pPager->walSyncFlags |= WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS;
+    pPager->walSyncFlags |= pPager->syncFlags;
+  }
+  if( (pgFlags & PAGER_CKPT_FULLFSYNC) && !pPager->noSync ){
+    pPager->walSyncFlags |= (SQLITE_SYNC_FULL<<2);
   }
   if( pgFlags & PAGER_CACHESPILL ){
     pPager->doNotSpill &= ~SPILLFLAG_OFF;
@@ -51147,7 +52095,7 @@
   pPager->exclusiveMode = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WAL
   assert( db || pPager->pWal==0 );
-  sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->ckptSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize,
+  sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->walSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize,
       (db && (db->flags & SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose) ? 0 : pTmp)
   );
   pPager->pWal = 0;
@@ -51955,13 +52903,11 @@
     assert( pPager->extraSync==0 );
     assert( pPager->syncFlags==0 );
     assert( pPager->walSyncFlags==0 );
-    assert( pPager->ckptSyncFlags==0 );
   }else{
     pPager->fullSync = 1;
     pPager->extraSync = 0;
     pPager->syncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
-    pPager->walSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL | WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS;
-    pPager->ckptSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL;
+    pPager->walSyncFlags = SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL | (SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL<<2);
   }
   /* pPager->pFirst = 0; */
   /* pPager->pFirstSynced = 0; */
@@ -52316,19 +53262,14 @@
       ** detected.  The chance of an undetected change is so small that
       ** it can be neglected.
       */
-      Pgno nPage = 0;
       char dbFileVers[sizeof(pPager->dbFileVers)];
 
-      rc = pagerPagecount(pPager, &nPage);
-      if( rc ) goto failed;
-
-      if( nPage>0 ){
-        IOTRACE(("CKVERS %p %d\n", pPager, sizeof(dbFileVers)));
-        rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, &dbFileVers, sizeof(dbFileVers), 24);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
+      IOTRACE(("CKVERS %p %d\n", pPager, sizeof(dbFileVers)));
+      rc = sqlite3OsRead(pPager->fd, &dbFileVers, sizeof(dbFileVers), 24);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( rc!=SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ){
           goto failed;
         }
-      }else{
         memset(dbFileVers, 0, sizeof(dbFileVers));
       }
 
@@ -52386,7 +53327,8 @@
 ** nothing to rollback, so this routine is a no-op.
 */ 
 static void pagerUnlockIfUnused(Pager *pPager){
-  if( pPager->nMmapOut==0 && (sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0) ){
+  if( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)==0 ){
+    assert( pPager->nMmapOut==0 ); /* because page1 is never memory mapped */
     pagerUnlockAndRollback(pPager);
   }
 }
@@ -52527,14 +53469,9 @@
       memset(pPg->pData, 0, pPager->pageSize);
       IOTRACE(("ZERO %p %d\n", pPager, pgno));
     }else{
-      u32 iFrame = 0;                 /* Frame to read from WAL file */
-      if( pagerUseWal(pPager) ){
-        rc = sqlite3WalFindFrame(pPager->pWal, pgno, &iFrame);
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto pager_acquire_err;
-      }
       assert( pPg->pPager==pPager );
       pPager->aStat[PAGER_STAT_MISS]++;
-      rc = readDbPage(pPg, iFrame);
+      rc = readDbPage(pPg);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
         goto pager_acquire_err;
       }
@@ -52608,7 +53545,7 @@
       }
       if( pPg==0 ){
         rc = pagerAcquireMapPage(pPager, pgno, pData, &pPg);
-     }else{
+      }else{
         sqlite3OsUnfetch(pPager->fd, (i64)(pgno-1)*pPager->pageSize, pData);
       }
       if( pPg ){
@@ -52677,25 +53614,39 @@
 /*
 ** Release a page reference.
 **
-** If the number of references to the page drop to zero, then the
-** page is added to the LRU list.  When all references to all pages
-** are released, a rollback occurs and the lock on the database is
-** removed.
+** The sqlite3PagerUnref() and sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull() may only be
+** used if we know that the page being released is not the last page.
+** The btree layer always holds page1 open until the end, so these first
+** to routines can be used to release any page other than BtShared.pPage1.
+**
+** Use sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne() to release page1.  This latter routine
+** checks the total number of outstanding pages and if the number of
+** pages reaches zero it drops the database lock.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(DbPage *pPg){
-  Pager *pPager;
+  TESTONLY( Pager *pPager = pPg->pPager; )
   assert( pPg!=0 );
-  pPager = pPg->pPager;
   if( pPg->flags & PGHDR_MMAP ){
+    assert( pPg->pgno!=1 );  /* Page1 is never memory mapped */
     pagerReleaseMapPage(pPg);
   }else{
     sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
   }
-  pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
+  /* Do not use this routine to release the last reference to page1 */
+  assert( sqlite3PcacheRefCount(pPager->pPCache)>0 );
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnref(DbPage *pPg){
   if( pPg ) sqlite3PagerUnrefNotNull(pPg);
 }
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(DbPage *pPg){
+  Pager *pPager;
+  assert( pPg!=0 );
+  assert( pPg->pgno==1 );
+  assert( (pPg->flags & PGHDR_MMAP)==0 ); /* Page1 is never memory mapped */
+  pPager = pPg->pPager;
+  sqlite3PcacheRelease(pPg);
+  pagerUnlockIfUnused(pPager);
+}
 
 /*
 ** This function is called at the start of every write transaction.
@@ -53514,9 +54465,8 @@
       if( bBatch ){
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
-        }
-        if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3OsFileControlHint(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3OsFileControl(fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_ROLLBACK_ATOMIC_WRITE, 0);
         }
       }
 
@@ -54420,7 +55370,7 @@
     rc = sqlite3WalCheckpoint(pPager->pWal, db, eMode,
         (eMode==SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE ? 0 : pPager->xBusyHandler),
         pPager->pBusyHandlerArg,
-        pPager->ckptSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize, (u8 *)pPager->pTmpSpace,
+        pPager->walSyncFlags, pPager->pageSize, (u8 *)pPager->pTmpSpace,
         pnLog, pnCkpt
     );
   }
@@ -54577,7 +55527,7 @@
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pPager->pWal ){
     rc = pagerExclusiveLock(pPager);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->ckptSyncFlags,
+      rc = sqlite3WalClose(pPager->pWal, db, pPager->walSyncFlags,
                            pPager->pageSize, (u8*)pPager->pTmpSpace);
       pPager->pWal = 0;
       pagerFixMaplimit(pPager);
@@ -54783,6 +55733,10 @@
 ** on a network filesystem.  All users of the database must be able to
 ** share memory.
 **
+** In the default unix and windows implementation, the wal-index is a mmapped
+** file whose name is the database name with a "-shm" suffix added.  For that
+** reason, the wal-index is sometimes called the "shm" file.
+**
 ** The wal-index is transient.  After a crash, the wal-index can (and should
 ** be) reconstructed from the original WAL file.  In fact, the VFS is required
 ** to either truncate or zero the header of the wal-index when the last
@@ -54922,9 +55876,18 @@
 #define WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION 3007000
 
 /*
-** Indices of various locking bytes.   WAL_NREADER is the number
+** Index numbers for various locking bytes.   WAL_NREADER is the number
 ** of available reader locks and should be at least 3.  The default
 ** is SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK==8 and  WAL_NREADER==5.
+**
+** Technically, the various VFSes are free to implement these locks however
+** they see fit.  However, compatibility is encouraged so that VFSes can
+** interoperate.  The standard implemention used on both unix and windows
+** is for the index number to indicate a byte offset into the
+** WalCkptInfo.aLock[] array in the wal-index header.  In other words, all
+** locks are on the shm file.  The WALINDEX_LOCK_OFFSET constant (which
+** should be 120) is the location in the shm file for the first locking
+** byte.
 */
 #define WAL_WRITE_LOCK         0
 #define WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE      1
@@ -55048,7 +56011,6 @@
 #define WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE 24
 
 /* Size of write ahead log header, including checksum. */
-/* #define WAL_HDRSIZE 24 */
 #define WAL_HDRSIZE 32
 
 /* WAL magic value. Either this value, or the same value with the least
@@ -55094,6 +56056,7 @@
   u8 truncateOnCommit;       /* True to truncate WAL file on commit */
   u8 syncHeader;             /* Fsync the WAL header if true */
   u8 padToSectorBoundary;    /* Pad transactions out to the next sector */
+  u8 bShmUnreliable;         /* SHM content is read-only and unreliable */
   WalIndexHdr hdr;           /* Wal-index header for current transaction */
   u32 minFrame;              /* Ignore wal frames before this one */
   u32 iReCksum;              /* On commit, recalculate checksums from here */
@@ -55183,6 +56146,11 @@
 ** is broken into pages of WALINDEX_PGSZ bytes. Wal-index pages are
 ** numbered from zero.
 **
+** If the wal-index is currently smaller the iPage pages then the size
+** of the wal-index might be increased, but only if it is safe to do
+** so.  It is safe to enlarge the wal-index if pWal->writeLock is true
+** or pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE.
+**
 ** If this call is successful, *ppPage is set to point to the wal-index
 ** page and SQLITE_OK is returned. If an error (an OOM or VFS error) occurs,
 ** then an SQLite error code is returned and *ppPage is set to 0.
@@ -55214,9 +56182,13 @@
       rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, iPage, WALINDEX_PGSZ, 
           pWal->writeLock, (void volatile **)&pWal->apWiData[iPage]
       );
-      if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY ){
+      assert( pWal->apWiData[iPage]!=0 || rc!=SQLITE_OK || pWal->writeLock==0 );
+      testcase( pWal->apWiData[iPage]==0 && rc==SQLITE_OK );
+      if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_READONLY ){
         pWal->readOnly |= WAL_SHM_RDONLY;
-        rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        }
       }
     }
   }
@@ -55738,7 +56710,6 @@
   i64 nSize;                      /* Size of log file */
   u32 aFrameCksum[2] = {0, 0};
   int iLock;                      /* Lock offset to lock for checkpoint */
-  int nLock;                      /* Number of locks to hold */
 
   /* Obtain an exclusive lock on all byte in the locking range not already
   ** locked by the caller. The caller is guaranteed to have locked the
@@ -55751,11 +56722,17 @@
   assert( WAL_CKPT_LOCK==WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE );
   assert( pWal->writeLock );
   iLock = WAL_ALL_BUT_WRITE + pWal->ckptLock;
-  nLock = SQLITE_SHM_NLOCK - iLock;
-  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, iLock, nLock);
+  rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = walLockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
+    }
+  }
   if( rc ){
     return rc;
   }
+
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery begin...\n", pWal));
 
   memset(&pWal->hdr, 0, sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
@@ -55893,7 +56870,8 @@
 
 recovery_error:
   WALTRACE(("WAL%p: recovery %s\n", pWal, rc ? "failed" : "ok"));
-  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, nLock);
+  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, iLock, WAL_READ_LOCK(0)-iLock);
+  walUnlockExclusive(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(1), WAL_NREADER-1);
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -55901,13 +56879,14 @@
 ** Close an open wal-index.
 */
 static void walIndexClose(Wal *pWal, int isDelete){
-  if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
+  if( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE || pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<pWal->nWiData; i++){
       sqlite3_free((void *)pWal->apWiData[i]);
       pWal->apWiData[i] = 0;
     }
-  }else{
+  }
+  if( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE ){
     sqlite3OsShmUnmap(pWal->pDbFd, isDelete);
   }
 }
@@ -56449,9 +57428,7 @@
       pInfo->nBackfillAttempted = mxSafeFrame;
 
       /* Sync the WAL to disk */
-      if( sync_flags ){
-        rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags);
-      }
+      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
 
       /* If the database may grow as a result of this checkpoint, hint
       ** about the eventual size of the db file to the VFS layer.
@@ -56492,8 +57469,8 @@
           i64 szDb = pWal->hdr.nPage*(i64)szPage;
           testcase( IS_BIG_INT(szDb) );
           rc = sqlite3OsTruncate(pWal->pDbFd, szDb);
-          if( rc==SQLITE_OK && sync_flags ){
-            rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pDbFd, sync_flags);
+          if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+            rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pDbFd, CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
           }
         }
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -56703,6 +57680,12 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** This is the value that walTryBeginRead returns when it needs to
+** be retried.
+*/
+#define WAL_RETRY  (-1)
+
+/*
 ** Read the wal-index header from the wal-index and into pWal->hdr.
 ** If the wal-header appears to be corrupt, try to reconstruct the
 ** wal-index from the WAL before returning.
@@ -56725,9 +57708,29 @@
   assert( pChanged );
   rc = walIndexPage(pWal, 0, &page0);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    return rc;
-  };
-  assert( page0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_READONLY ); /* READONLY changed to OK in walIndexPage */
+    if( rc==SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ){
+      /* The SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT return means that the shared-memory
+      ** was openable but is not writable, and this thread is unable to
+      ** confirm that another write-capable connection has the shared-memory
+      ** open, and hence the content of the shared-memory is unreliable,
+      ** since the shared-memory might be inconsistent with the WAL file
+      ** and there is no writer on hand to fix it. */
+      assert( page0==0 );
+      assert( pWal->writeLock==0 );
+      assert( pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY );
+      pWal->bShmUnreliable = 1;
+      pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_HEAPMEMORY_MODE;
+      *pChanged = 1;
+    }else{
+      return rc; /* Any other non-OK return is just an error */
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* page0 can be NULL if the SHM is zero bytes in size and pWal->writeLock
+    ** is zero, which prevents the SHM from growing */
+    testcase( page0!=0 );
+  }
+  assert( page0!=0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
 
   /* If the first page of the wal-index has been mapped, try to read the
   ** wal-index header immediately, without holding any lock. This usually
@@ -56741,7 +57744,7 @@
   */
   assert( badHdr==0 || pWal->writeLock==0 );
   if( badHdr ){
-    if( pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY ){
+    if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 && (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY) ){
       if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK)) ){
         walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_WRITE_LOCK);
         rc = SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY;
@@ -56771,15 +57774,193 @@
   if( badHdr==0 && pWal->hdr.iVersion!=WALINDEX_MAX_VERSION ){
     rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN_BKPT;
   }
+  if( pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      walIndexClose(pWal, 0);
+      pWal->bShmUnreliable = 0;
+      assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0]==0 );
+      /* walIndexRecover() might have returned SHORT_READ if a concurrent
+      ** writer truncated the WAL out from under it.  If that happens, it
+      ** indicates that a writer has fixed the SHM file for us, so retry */
+      if( rc==SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ ) rc = WAL_RETRY;
+    }
+    pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
+  }
 
   return rc;
 }
 
 /*
-** This is the value that walTryBeginRead returns when it needs to
-** be retried.
+** Open a transaction in a connection where the shared-memory is read-only
+** and where we cannot verify that there is a separate write-capable connection
+** on hand to keep the shared-memory up-to-date with the WAL file.
+**
+** This can happen, for example, when the shared-memory is implemented by
+** memory-mapping a *-shm file, where a prior writer has shut down and
+** left the *-shm file on disk, and now the present connection is trying
+** to use that database but lacks write permission on the *-shm file.
+** Other scenarios are also possible, depending on the VFS implementation.
+**
+** Precondition:
+**
+**    The *-wal file has been read and an appropriate wal-index has been
+**    constructed in pWal->apWiData[] using heap memory instead of shared
+**    memory. 
+**
+** If this function returns SQLITE_OK, then the read transaction has
+** been successfully opened. In this case output variable (*pChanged) 
+** is set to true before returning if the caller should discard the
+** contents of the page cache before proceeding. Or, if it returns 
+** WAL_RETRY, then the heap memory wal-index has been discarded and 
+** the caller should retry opening the read transaction from the 
+** beginning (including attempting to map the *-shm file). 
+**
+** If an error occurs, an SQLite error code is returned.
 */
-#define WAL_RETRY  (-1)
+static int walBeginShmUnreliable(Wal *pWal, int *pChanged){
+  i64 szWal;                      /* Size of wal file on disk in bytes */
+  i64 iOffset;                    /* Current offset when reading wal file */
+  u8 aBuf[WAL_HDRSIZE];           /* Buffer to load WAL header into */
+  u8 *aFrame = 0;                 /* Malloc'd buffer to load entire frame */
+  int szFrame;                    /* Number of bytes in buffer aFrame[] */
+  u8 *aData;                      /* Pointer to data part of aFrame buffer */
+  volatile void *pDummy;          /* Dummy argument for xShmMap */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+  u32 aSaveCksum[2];              /* Saved copy of pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum */
+
+  assert( pWal->bShmUnreliable );
+  assert( pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY );
+  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 && pWal->apWiData[0] );
+
+  /* Take WAL_READ_LOCK(0). This has the effect of preventing any
+  ** writers from running a checkpoint, but does not stop them
+  ** from running recovery.  */
+  rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(0));
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ) rc = WAL_RETRY;
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  pWal->readLock = 0;
+
+  /* Check to see if a separate writer has attached to the shared-memory area,
+  ** thus making the shared-memory "reliable" again.  Do this by invoking
+  ** the xShmMap() routine of the VFS and looking to see if the return
+  ** is SQLITE_READONLY instead of SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT.
+  **
+  ** If the shared-memory is now "reliable" return WAL_RETRY, which will
+  ** cause the heap-memory WAL-index to be discarded and the actual
+  ** shared memory to be used in its place.
+  **
+  ** This step is important because, even though this connection is holding
+  ** the WAL_READ_LOCK(0) which prevents a checkpoint, a writer might
+  ** have already checkpointed the WAL file and, while the current
+  ** is active, wrap the WAL and start overwriting frames that this
+  ** process wants to use.
+  **
+  ** Once sqlite3OsShmMap() has been called for an sqlite3_file and has
+  ** returned any SQLITE_READONLY value, it must return only SQLITE_READONLY
+  ** or SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT or some error for all subsequent invocations,
+  ** even if some external agent does a "chmod" to make the shared-memory
+  ** writable by us, until sqlite3OsShmUnmap() has been called.
+  ** This is a requirement on the VFS implementation.
+   */
+  rc = sqlite3OsShmMap(pWal->pDbFd, 0, WALINDEX_PGSZ, 0, &pDummy);
+  assert( rc!=SQLITE_OK ); /* SQLITE_OK not possible for read-only connection */
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT ){
+    rc = (rc==SQLITE_READONLY ? WAL_RETRY : rc);
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+
+  /* We reach this point only if the real shared-memory is still unreliable.
+  ** Assume the in-memory WAL-index substitute is correct and load it
+  ** into pWal->hdr.
+  */
+  memcpy(&pWal->hdr, (void*)walIndexHdr(pWal), sizeof(WalIndexHdr));
+
+  /* Make sure some writer hasn't come in and changed the WAL file out
+  ** from under us, then disconnected, while we were not looking.
+  */
+  rc = sqlite3OsFileSize(pWal->pWalFd, &szWal);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  if( szWal<WAL_HDRSIZE ){
+    /* If the wal file is too small to contain a wal-header and the
+    ** wal-index header has mxFrame==0, then it must be safe to proceed
+    ** reading the database file only. However, the page cache cannot
+    ** be trusted, as a read/write connection may have connected, written
+    ** the db, run a checkpoint, truncated the wal file and disconnected
+    ** since this client's last read transaction.  */
+    *pChanged = 1;
+    rc = (pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0 ? SQLITE_OK : WAL_RETRY);
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+
+  /* Check the salt keys at the start of the wal file still match. */
+  rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aBuf, WAL_HDRSIZE, 0);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  if( memcmp(&pWal->hdr.aSalt, &aBuf[16], 8) ){
+    /* Some writer has wrapped the WAL file while we were not looking.
+    ** Return WAL_RETRY which will cause the in-memory WAL-index to be
+    ** rebuilt. */
+    rc = WAL_RETRY;
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+
+  /* Allocate a buffer to read frames into */
+  szFrame = pWal->hdr.szPage + WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE;
+  aFrame = (u8 *)sqlite3_malloc64(szFrame);
+  if( aFrame==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    goto begin_unreliable_shm_out;
+  }
+  aData = &aFrame[WAL_FRAME_HDRSIZE];
+
+  /* Check to see if a complete transaction has been appended to the
+  ** wal file since the heap-memory wal-index was created. If so, the
+  ** heap-memory wal-index is discarded and WAL_RETRY returned to
+  ** the caller.  */
+  aSaveCksum[0] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0];
+  aSaveCksum[1] = pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1];
+  for(iOffset=walFrameOffset(pWal->hdr.mxFrame+1, pWal->hdr.szPage); 
+      iOffset+szFrame<=szWal; 
+      iOffset+=szFrame
+  ){
+    u32 pgno;                   /* Database page number for frame */
+    u32 nTruncate;              /* dbsize field from frame header */
+
+    /* Read and decode the next log frame. */
+    rc = sqlite3OsRead(pWal->pWalFd, aFrame, szFrame, iOffset);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;
+    if( !walDecodeFrame(pWal, &pgno, &nTruncate, aData, aFrame) ) break;
+
+    /* If nTruncate is non-zero, then a complete transaction has been
+    ** appended to this wal file. Set rc to WAL_RETRY and break out of
+    ** the loop.  */
+    if( nTruncate ){
+      rc = WAL_RETRY;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[0] = aSaveCksum[0];
+  pWal->hdr.aFrameCksum[1] = aSaveCksum[1];
+
+ begin_unreliable_shm_out:
+  sqlite3_free(aFrame);
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<pWal->nWiData; i++){
+      sqlite3_free((void*)pWal->apWiData[i]);
+      pWal->apWiData[i] = 0;
+    }
+    pWal->bShmUnreliable = 0;
+    sqlite3WalEndReadTransaction(pWal);
+    *pChanged = 1;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Attempt to start a read transaction.  This might fail due to a race or
@@ -56795,7 +57976,7 @@
 ** checkpointed.  If useWal==0 then this routine calls walIndexReadHdr() 
 ** to make a copy of the wal-index header into pWal->hdr.  If the 
 ** wal-index header has changed, *pChanged is set to 1 (as an indication 
-** to the caller that the local paget cache is obsolete and needs to be 
+** to the caller that the local page cache is obsolete and needs to be 
 ** flushed.)  When useWal==1, the wal-index header is assumed to already
 ** be loaded and the pChanged parameter is unused.
 **
@@ -56841,6 +58022,9 @@
 
   assert( pWal->readLock<0 );     /* Not currently locked */
 
+  /* useWal may only be set for read/write connections */
+  assert( (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)==0 || useWal==0 );
+
   /* Take steps to avoid spinning forever if there is a protocol error.
   **
   ** Circumstances that cause a RETRY should only last for the briefest
@@ -56869,7 +58053,10 @@
   }
 
   if( !useWal ){
-    rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+    if( pWal->bShmUnreliable==0 ){
+      rc = walIndexReadHdr(pWal, pChanged);
+    }
     if( rc==SQLITE_BUSY ){
       /* If there is not a recovery running in another thread or process
       ** then convert BUSY errors to WAL_RETRY.  If recovery is known to
@@ -56898,13 +58085,17 @@
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       return rc;
     }
+    else if( pWal->bShmUnreliable ){
+      return walBeginShmUnreliable(pWal, pChanged);
+    }
   }
 
+  assert( pWal->nWiData>0 );
+  assert( pWal->apWiData[0]!=0 );
   pInfo = walCkptInfo(pWal);
-  if( !useWal && pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame 
+  if( !useWal && pInfo->nBackfill==pWal->hdr.mxFrame
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT
-   && (pWal->pSnapshot==0 || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0
-     || 0==memcmp(&pWal->hdr, pWal->pSnapshot, sizeof(WalIndexHdr)))
+   && (pWal->pSnapshot==0 || pWal->hdr.mxFrame==0)
 #endif
   ){
     /* The WAL has been completely backfilled (or it is empty).
@@ -56975,7 +58166,7 @@
   }
   if( mxI==0 ){
     assert( rc==SQLITE_BUSY || (pWal->readOnly & WAL_SHM_RDONLY)!=0 );
-    return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK;
+    return rc==SQLITE_BUSY ? WAL_RETRY : SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT;
   }
 
   rc = walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
@@ -57247,7 +58438,7 @@
   ** then the WAL is ignored by the reader so return early, as if the 
   ** WAL were empty.
   */
-  if( iLast==0 || pWal->readLock==0 ){
+  if( iLast==0 || (pWal->readLock==0 && pWal->bShmUnreliable==0) ){
     *piRead = 0;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
@@ -57310,8 +58501,8 @@
   {
     u32 iRead2 = 0;
     u32 iTest;
-    assert( pWal->minFrame>0 );
-    for(iTest=iLast; iTest>=pWal->minFrame; iTest--){
+    assert( pWal->bShmUnreliable || pWal->minFrame>0 );
+    for(iTest=iLast; iTest>=pWal->minFrame && iTest>0; iTest--){
       if( walFramePgno(pWal, iTest)==pgno ){
         iRead2 = iTest;
         break;
@@ -57599,8 +58790,8 @@
     iOffset += iFirstAmt;
     iAmt -= iFirstAmt;
     pContent = (void*)(iFirstAmt + (char*)pContent);
-    assert( p->syncFlags & (SQLITE_SYNC_NORMAL|SQLITE_SYNC_FULL) );
-    rc = sqlite3OsSync(p->pFd, p->syncFlags & SQLITE_SYNC_MASK);
+    assert( WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(p->syncFlags)!=0 );
+    rc = sqlite3OsSync(p->pFd, WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(p->syncFlags));
     if( iAmt==0 || rc ) return rc;
   }
   rc = sqlite3OsWrite(p->pFd, pContent, iAmt, iOffset);
@@ -57770,10 +58961,10 @@
     ** an out-of-order write following a WAL restart could result in
     ** database corruption.  See the ticket:
     **
-    **     http://localhost:591/sqlite/info/ff5be73dee
+    **     https://sqlite.org/src/info/ff5be73dee
     */
-    if( pWal->syncHeader && sync_flags ){
-      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, sync_flags & SQLITE_SYNC_MASK);
+    if( pWal->syncHeader ){
+      rc = sqlite3OsSync(pWal->pWalFd, CKPT_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
       if( rc ) return rc;
     }
   }
@@ -57848,7 +59039,7 @@
   ** sector boundary is synced; the part of the last frame that extends
   ** past the sector boundary is written after the sync.
   */
-  if( isCommit && (sync_flags & WAL_SYNC_TRANSACTIONS)!=0 ){
+  if( isCommit && WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags)!=0 ){
     int bSync = 1;
     if( pWal->padToSectorBoundary ){
       int sectorSize = sqlite3SectorSize(pWal->pWalFd);
@@ -57864,7 +59055,7 @@
     }
     if( bSync ){
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
-      rc = sqlite3OsSync(w.pFd, sync_flags & SQLITE_SYNC_MASK);
+      rc = sqlite3OsSync(w.pFd, WAL_SYNC_FLAGS(sync_flags));
     }
   }
 
@@ -58087,24 +59278,24 @@
   assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || (op<=0 && pWal->exclusiveMode==0) );
 
   if( op==0 ){
-    if( pWal->exclusiveMode ){
-      pWal->exclusiveMode = 0;
+    if( pWal->exclusiveMode!=WAL_NORMAL_MODE ){
+      pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
       if( walLockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock))!=SQLITE_OK ){
-        pWal->exclusiveMode = 1;
+        pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE;
       }
-      rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==0;
+      rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
     }else{
       /* Already in locking_mode=NORMAL */
       rc = 0;
     }
   }else if( op>0 ){
-    assert( pWal->exclusiveMode==0 );
+    assert( pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE );
     assert( pWal->readLock>=0 );
     walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(pWal->readLock));
-    pWal->exclusiveMode = 1;
+    pWal->exclusiveMode = WAL_EXCLUSIVE_MODE;
     rc = 1;
   }else{
-    rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==0;
+    rc = pWal->exclusiveMode==WAL_NORMAL_MODE;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -58660,10 +59851,12 @@
 #define BTS_READ_ONLY        0x0001   /* Underlying file is readonly */
 #define BTS_PAGESIZE_FIXED   0x0002   /* Page size can no longer be changed */
 #define BTS_SECURE_DELETE    0x0004   /* PRAGMA secure_delete is enabled */
-#define BTS_INITIALLY_EMPTY  0x0008   /* Database was empty at trans start */
-#define BTS_NO_WAL           0x0010   /* Do not open write-ahead-log files */
-#define BTS_EXCLUSIVE        0x0020   /* pWriter has an exclusive lock */
-#define BTS_PENDING          0x0040   /* Waiting for read-locks to clear */
+#define BTS_OVERWRITE        0x0008   /* Overwrite deleted content with zeros */
+#define BTS_FAST_SECURE      0x000c   /* Combination of the previous two */
+#define BTS_INITIALLY_EMPTY  0x0010   /* Database was empty at trans start */
+#define BTS_NO_WAL           0x0020   /* Do not open write-ahead-log files */
+#define BTS_EXCLUSIVE        0x0040   /* pWriter has an exclusive lock */
+#define BTS_PENDING          0x0080   /* Waiting for read-locks to clear */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the following structure is used to hold information
@@ -58709,6 +59902,11 @@
 **    eState==FAULT:                   Cursor fault with skipNext as error code.
 */
 struct BtCursor {
+  u8 eState;                /* One of the CURSOR_XXX constants (see below) */
+  u8 curFlags;              /* zero or more BTCF_* flags defined below */
+  u8 curPagerFlags;         /* Flags to send to sqlite3PagerGet() */
+  u8 hints;                 /* As configured by CursorSetHints() */
+  int nOvflAlloc;           /* Allocated size of aOverflow[] array */
   Btree *pBtree;            /* The Btree to which this cursor belongs */
   BtShared *pBt;            /* The BtShared this cursor points to */
   BtCursor *pNext;          /* Forms a linked list of all cursors */
@@ -58717,13 +59915,8 @@
   i64 nKey;                 /* Size of pKey, or last integer key */
   void *pKey;               /* Saved key that was cursor last known position */
   Pgno pgnoRoot;            /* The root page of this tree */
-  int nOvflAlloc;           /* Allocated size of aOverflow[] array */
   int skipNext;    /* Prev() is noop if negative. Next() is noop if positive.
                    ** Error code if eState==CURSOR_FAULT */
-  u8 curFlags;              /* zero or more BTCF_* flags defined below */
-  u8 curPagerFlags;         /* Flags to send to sqlite3PagerGet() */
-  u8 eState;                /* One of the CURSOR_XXX constants (see below) */
-  u8 hints;                 /* As configured by CursorSetHints() */
   /* All fields above are zeroed when the cursor is allocated.  See
   ** sqlite3BtreeCursorZero().  Fields that follow must be manually
   ** initialized. */
@@ -58732,7 +59925,8 @@
   u16 ix;                   /* Current index for apPage[iPage] */
   u16 aiIdx[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1];     /* Current index in apPage[i] */
   struct KeyInfo *pKeyInfo;            /* Arg passed to comparison function */
-  MemPage *apPage[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH]; /* Pages from root to current page */
+  MemPage *pPage;                        /* Current page */
+  MemPage *apPage[BTCURSOR_MAX_DEPTH-1]; /* Stack of parents of current page */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -59321,6 +60515,34 @@
   #define hasReadConflicts(a, b) 0
 #endif
 
+/*
+** Implementation of the SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE() macro. Takes a single
+** (MemPage*) as an argument. The (MemPage*) must not be NULL.
+**
+** If SQLITE_DEBUG is not defined, then this macro is equivalent to
+** SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT. Or, if SQLITE_DEBUG is set, then the log message
+** normally produced as a side-effect of SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT is augmented
+** with the page number and filename associated with the (MemPage*).
+*/
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+int corruptPageError(int lineno, MemPage *p){
+  char *zMsg;
+  sqlite3BeginBenignMalloc();
+  zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("database corruption page %d of %s",
+      (int)p->pgno, sqlite3PagerFilename(p->pBt->pPager, 0)
+  );
+  sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
+  if( zMsg ){
+    sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, zMsg);
+  }
+  sqlite3_free(zMsg);
+  return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+}
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pMemPage) corruptPageError(__LINE__, pMemPage)
+#else
+# define SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pMemPage) SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pMemPage->pgno)
+#endif
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -59361,7 +60583,7 @@
   ** Return true immediately.
   */
   if( (pBtree->sharable==0)
-   || (eLockType==READ_LOCK && (pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted))
+   || (eLockType==READ_LOCK && (pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit))
   ){
     return 1;
   }
@@ -59438,7 +60660,7 @@
   for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
     if( p->pgnoRoot==iRoot 
      && p->pBtree!=pBtree
-     && 0==(p->pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)
+     && 0==(p->pBtree->db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit)
     ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -59460,7 +60682,7 @@
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
   assert( eLock==READ_LOCK || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
   assert( p->db!=0 );
-  assert( !(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted)||eLock==WRITE_LOCK||iTab==1 );
+  assert( !(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit)||eLock==WRITE_LOCK||iTab==1 );
   
   /* If requesting a write-lock, then the Btree must have an open write
   ** transaction on this file. And, obviously, for this to be so there 
@@ -59538,7 +60760,7 @@
   ** obtain a read-lock using this function. The only read-lock obtained
   ** by a connection in read-uncommitted mode is on the sqlite_master 
   ** table, and that lock is obtained in BtreeBeginTrans().  */
-  assert( 0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
+  assert( 0==(p->db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit) || eLock==WRITE_LOCK );
 
   /* This function should only be called on a sharable b-tree after it 
   ** has been determined that no other b-tree holds a conflicting lock.  */
@@ -59648,7 +60870,9 @@
 
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE */
 
-static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage);  /* Forward reference */
+static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage);         /* Forward reference */
+static void releasePageOne(MemPage *pPage);      /* Forward reference */
+static void releasePageNotNull(MemPage *pPage);  /* Forward reference */
 
 /*
 ***** This routine is used inside of assert() only ****
@@ -59807,11 +61031,13 @@
 */
 static void btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(BtCursor *pCur){
   int i;
-  for(i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-    releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-    pCur->apPage[i] = 0;
+  if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
+      releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[i]);
+    }
+    releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
+    pCur->iPage = -1;
   }
-  pCur->iPage = -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -59940,7 +61166,7 @@
           return rc;
         }
       }else{
-        testcase( p->iPage>0 );
+        testcase( p->iPage>=0 );
         btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(p);
       }
     }
@@ -60045,6 +61271,17 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return a pointer to a fake BtCursor object that will always answer
+** false to the sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved() routine above.  The fake
+** cursor returned must not be used with any other Btree interface.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE BtCursor *sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor(void){
+  static u8 fakeCursor = CURSOR_VALID;
+  assert( offsetof(BtCursor, eState)==0 );
+  return (BtCursor*)&fakeCursor;
+}
+
+/*
 ** This routine restores a cursor back to its original position after it
 ** has been moved by some outside activity (such as a btree rebalance or
 ** a row having been deleted out from under the cursor).  
@@ -60209,7 +61446,7 @@
   if( pPgno ) *pPgno = get4byte(&pPtrmap[offset+1]);
 
   sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
-  if( *pEType<1 || *pEType>5 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+  if( *pEType<1 || *pEType>5 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iPtrmap);
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -60593,8 +61830,11 @@
         int sz2 = 0;
         int sz = get2byte(&data[iFree+2]);
         int top = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+        if( top>=iFree ){
+          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+        }
         if( iFree2 ){
-          if( iFree+sz>iFree2 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          assert( iFree+sz<=iFree2 ); /* Verified by pageFindSlot() */
           sz2 = get2byte(&data[iFree2+2]);
           assert( iFree+sz+sz2+iFree2-(iFree+sz) <= usableSize );
           memmove(&data[iFree+sz+sz2], &data[iFree+sz], iFree2-(iFree+sz));
@@ -60625,13 +61865,13 @@
     ** if PRAGMA cell_size_check=ON.
     */
     if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     assert( pc>=iCellFirst && pc<=iCellLast );
     size = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &src[pc]);
     cbrk -= size;
     if( cbrk<iCellFirst || pc+size>usableSize ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     assert( cbrk+size<=usableSize && cbrk>=iCellFirst );
     testcase( cbrk+size==usableSize );
@@ -60651,7 +61891,7 @@
 
  defragment_out:
   if( data[hdr+7]+cbrk-iCellFirst!=pPage->nFree ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   assert( cbrk>=iCellFirst );
   put2byte(&data[hdr+5], cbrk);
@@ -60683,16 +61923,10 @@
   int pc = get2byte(&aData[iAddr]);
   int x;
   int usableSize = pPg->pBt->usableSize;
+  int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
 
   assert( pc>0 );
-  do{
-    int size;            /* Size of the free slot */
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-06866-39125 Freeblocks are always connected in order of
-    ** increasing offset. */
-    if( pc>usableSize-4 || pc<iAddr+4 ){
-      *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-      return 0;
-    }
+  while( pc<=usableSize-4 ){
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-22710-53328 The third and fourth bytes of each
     ** freeblock form a big-endian integer which is the size of the freeblock
     ** in bytes, including the 4-byte header. */
@@ -60700,8 +61934,8 @@
     if( (x = size - nByte)>=0 ){
       testcase( x==4 );
       testcase( x==3 );
-      if( pc < pPg->cellOffset+2*pPg->nCell || size+pc > usableSize ){
-        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( size+pc > usableSize ){
+        *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
         return 0;
       }else if( x<4 ){
         /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-11498-58022 In a well-formed b-tree page, the total
@@ -60721,7 +61955,11 @@
     }
     iAddr = pc;
     pc = get2byte(&aData[pc]);
-  }while( pc );
+    if( pc<iAddr+size ) break;
+  }
+  if( pc ){
+    *pRc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPg);
+  }
 
   return 0;
 }
@@ -60768,7 +62006,7 @@
     if( top==0 && pPage->pBt->usableSize==65536 ){
       top = 65536;
     }else{
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
   }
 
@@ -60835,7 +62073,7 @@
   u8 hdr;                               /* Page header size.  0 or 100 */
   u8 nFrag = 0;                         /* Reduction in fragmentation */
   u16 iOrigSize = iSize;                /* Original value of iSize */
-  u32 iLast = pPage->pBt->usableSize-4; /* Largest possible freeblock offset */
+  u16 x;                                /* Offset to cell content area */
   u32 iEnd = iStart + iSize;            /* First byte past the iStart buffer */
   unsigned char *data = pPage->aData;   /* Page content */
 
@@ -60845,13 +62083,7 @@
   assert( CORRUPT_DB || iEnd <= pPage->pBt->usableSize );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
   assert( iSize>=4 );   /* Minimum cell size is 4 */
-  assert( iStart<=iLast );
-
-  /* Overwrite deleted information with zeros when the secure_delete
-  ** option is enabled */
-  if( pPage->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE ){
-    memset(&data[iStart], 0, iSize);
-  }
+  assert( iStart<=pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 );
 
   /* The list of freeblocks must be in ascending order.  Find the 
   ** spot on the list where iStart should be inserted.
@@ -60864,11 +62096,13 @@
     while( (iFreeBlk = get2byte(&data[iPtr]))<iStart ){
       if( iFreeBlk<iPtr+4 ){
         if( iFreeBlk==0 ) break;
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       iPtr = iFreeBlk;
     }
-    if( iFreeBlk>iLast ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( iFreeBlk>pPage->pBt->usableSize-4 ){
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
     assert( iFreeBlk>iPtr || iFreeBlk==0 );
   
     /* At this point:
@@ -60879,9 +62113,11 @@
     */
     if( iFreeBlk && iEnd+3>=iFreeBlk ){
       nFrag = iFreeBlk - iEnd;
-      if( iEnd>iFreeBlk ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( iEnd>iFreeBlk ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       iEnd = iFreeBlk + get2byte(&data[iFreeBlk+2]);
-      if( iEnd > pPage->pBt->usableSize ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      if( iEnd > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
       iSize = iEnd - iStart;
       iFreeBlk = get2byte(&data[iFreeBlk]);
     }
@@ -60893,28 +62129,34 @@
     if( iPtr>hdr+1 ){
       int iPtrEnd = iPtr + get2byte(&data[iPtr+2]);
       if( iPtrEnd+3>=iStart ){
-        if( iPtrEnd>iStart ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        if( iPtrEnd>iStart ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
         nFrag += iStart - iPtrEnd;
         iSize = iEnd - iPtr;
         iStart = iPtr;
       }
     }
-    if( nFrag>data[hdr+7] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( nFrag>data[hdr+7] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     data[hdr+7] -= nFrag;
   }
-  if( iStart==get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) ){
+  x = get2byte(&data[hdr+5]);
+  if( iStart<=x ){
     /* The new freeblock is at the beginning of the cell content area,
     ** so just extend the cell content area rather than create another
     ** freelist entry */
-    if( iPtr!=hdr+1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    if( iStart<x || iPtr!=hdr+1 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     put2byte(&data[hdr+1], iFreeBlk);
     put2byte(&data[hdr+5], iEnd);
   }else{
     /* Insert the new freeblock into the freelist */
     put2byte(&data[iPtr], iStart);
-    put2byte(&data[iStart], iFreeBlk);
-    put2byte(&data[iStart+2], iSize);
   }
+  if( pPage->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE ){
+    /* Overwrite deleted information with zeros when the secure_delete
+    ** option is enabled */
+    memset(&data[iStart], 0, iSize);
+  }
+  put2byte(&data[iStart], iFreeBlk);
+  put2byte(&data[iStart+2], iSize);
   pPage->nFree += iOrigSize;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -60974,7 +62216,7 @@
   }else{
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-47608-56469 Any other value for the b-tree page type is
     ** an error. */
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   pPage->max1bytePayload = pBt->max1bytePayload;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -60990,6 +62232,16 @@
 ** we failed to detect any corruption.
 */
 static int btreeInitPage(MemPage *pPage){
+  int pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
+  u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
+  u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
+  BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
+  int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
+  u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
+  int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
+  int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
+  int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
+  int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
 
   assert( pPage->pBt!=0 );
   assert( pPage->pBt->db!=0 );
@@ -60997,127 +62249,119 @@
   assert( pPage->pgno==sqlite3PagerPagenumber(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage == sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( pPage->aData == sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) );
+  assert( pPage->isInit==0 );
 
-  if( !pPage->isInit ){
-    int pc;            /* Address of a freeblock within pPage->aData[] */
-    u8 hdr;            /* Offset to beginning of page header */
-    u8 *data;          /* Equal to pPage->aData */
-    BtShared *pBt;        /* The main btree structure */
-    int usableSize;    /* Amount of usable space on each page */
-    u16 cellOffset;    /* Offset from start of page to first cell pointer */
-    int nFree;         /* Number of unused bytes on the page */
-    int top;           /* First byte of the cell content area */
-    int iCellFirst;    /* First allowable cell or freeblock offset */
-    int iCellLast;     /* Last possible cell or freeblock offset */
-
-    pBt = pPage->pBt;
-
-    hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
-    data = pPage->aData;
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28594-02890 The one-byte flag at offset 0 indicating
-    ** the b-tree page type. */
-    if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
-    pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
-    pPage->nOverflow = 0;
-    usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
-    pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize;
-    pPage->aDataEnd = &data[usableSize];
-    pPage->aCellIdx = &data[cellOffset];
-    pPage->aDataOfst = &data[pPage->childPtrSize];
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58015-48175 The two-byte integer at offset 5 designates
-    ** the start of the cell content area. A zero value for this integer is
-    ** interpreted as 65536. */
-    top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37002-32774 The two-byte integer at offset 3 gives the
-    ** number of cells on the page. */
-    pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
-    if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
-      /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-    }
-    testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
-    /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24089-57979 If a page contains no cells (which is only
-    ** possible for a root page of a table that contains no rows) then the
-    ** offset to the cell content area will equal the page size minus the
-    ** bytes of reserved space. */
-    assert( pPage->nCell>0 || top==usableSize || CORRUPT_DB );
-
-    /* A malformed database page might cause us to read past the end
-    ** of page when parsing a cell.  
-    **
-    ** The following block of code checks early to see if a cell extends
-    ** past the end of a page boundary and causes SQLITE_CORRUPT to be 
-    ** returned if it does.
-    */
-    iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
-    iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
-    if( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk ){
-      int i;            /* Index into the cell pointer array */
-      int sz;           /* Size of a cell */
-
-      if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
-      for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
-        pc = get2byteAligned(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
-        testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
-        testcase( pc==iCellLast );
-        if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }
-        sz = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &data[pc]);
-        testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
-        if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        }
-      }
-      if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast++;
-    }  
-
-    /* Compute the total free space on the page
-    ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-23588-34450 The two-byte integer at offset 1 gives the
-    ** start of the first freeblock on the page, or is zero if there are no
-    ** freeblocks. */
-    pc = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
-    nFree = data[hdr+7] + top;  /* Init nFree to non-freeblock free space */
-    if( pc>0 ){
-      u32 next, size;
-      if( pc<iCellFirst ){
-        /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55530-52930 In a well-formed b-tree page, there will
-        ** always be at least one cell before the first freeblock.
-        */
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-      }
-      while( 1 ){
-        if( pc>iCellLast ){
-          return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; /* Freeblock off the end of the page */
-        }
-        next = get2byte(&data[pc]);
-        size = get2byte(&data[pc+2]);
-        nFree = nFree + size;
-        if( next<=pc+size+3 ) break;
-        pc = next;
-      }
-      if( next>0 ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Freeblock not in ascending order */
-      }
-      if( pc+size>(unsigned int)usableSize ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Last freeblock extends past page end */
-      }
-    }
-
-    /* At this point, nFree contains the sum of the offset to the start
-    ** of the cell-content area plus the number of free bytes within
-    ** the cell-content area. If this is greater than the usable-size
-    ** of the page, then the page must be corrupted. This check also
-    ** serves to verify that the offset to the start of the cell-content
-    ** area, according to the page header, lies within the page.
-    */
-    if( nFree>usableSize ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; 
-    }
-    pPage->nFree = (u16)(nFree - iCellFirst);
-    pPage->isInit = 1;
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
+  hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
+  data = pPage->aData;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28594-02890 The one-byte flag at offset 0 indicating
+  ** the b-tree page type. */
+  if( decodeFlags(pPage, data[hdr]) ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
+  assert( pBt->pageSize>=512 && pBt->pageSize<=65536 );
+  pPage->maskPage = (u16)(pBt->pageSize - 1);
+  pPage->nOverflow = 0;
+  usableSize = pBt->usableSize;
+  pPage->cellOffset = cellOffset = hdr + 8 + pPage->childPtrSize;
+  pPage->aDataEnd = &data[usableSize];
+  pPage->aCellIdx = &data[cellOffset];
+  pPage->aDataOfst = &data[pPage->childPtrSize];
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-58015-48175 The two-byte integer at offset 5 designates
+  ** the start of the cell content area. A zero value for this integer is
+  ** interpreted as 65536. */
+  top = get2byteNotZero(&data[hdr+5]);
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37002-32774 The two-byte integer at offset 3 gives the
+  ** number of cells on the page. */
+  pPage->nCell = get2byte(&data[hdr+3]);
+  if( pPage->nCell>MX_CELL(pBt) ){
+    /* To many cells for a single page.  The page must be corrupt */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+  }
+  testcase( pPage->nCell==MX_CELL(pBt) );
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24089-57979 If a page contains no cells (which is only
+  ** possible for a root page of a table that contains no rows) then the
+  ** offset to the cell content area will equal the page size minus the
+  ** bytes of reserved space. */
+  assert( pPage->nCell>0 || top==usableSize || CORRUPT_DB );
+
+  /* A malformed database page might cause us to read past the end
+  ** of page when parsing a cell.  
+  **
+  ** The following block of code checks early to see if a cell extends
+  ** past the end of a page boundary and causes SQLITE_CORRUPT to be 
+  ** returned if it does.
+  */
+  iCellFirst = cellOffset + 2*pPage->nCell;
+  iCellLast = usableSize - 4;
+  if( pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_CellSizeCk ){
+    int i;            /* Index into the cell pointer array */
+    int sz;           /* Size of a cell */
+
+    if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast--;
+    for(i=0; i<pPage->nCell; i++){
+      pc = get2byteAligned(&data[cellOffset+i*2]);
+      testcase( pc==iCellFirst );
+      testcase( pc==iCellLast );
+      if( pc<iCellFirst || pc>iCellLast ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
+      sz = pPage->xCellSize(pPage, &data[pc]);
+      testcase( pc+sz==usableSize );
+      if( pc+sz>usableSize ){
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
+    }
+    if( !pPage->leaf ) iCellLast++;
+  }  
+
+  /* Compute the total free space on the page
+  ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-23588-34450 The two-byte integer at offset 1 gives the
+  ** start of the first freeblock on the page, or is zero if there are no
+  ** freeblocks. */
+  pc = get2byte(&data[hdr+1]);
+  nFree = data[hdr+7] + top;  /* Init nFree to non-freeblock free space */
+  if( pc>0 ){
+    u32 next, size;
+    if( pc<iCellFirst ){
+      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-55530-52930 In a well-formed b-tree page, there will
+      ** always be at least one cell before the first freeblock.
+      */
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage); 
+    }
+    while( 1 ){
+      if( pc>iCellLast ){
+        /* Freeblock off the end of the page */
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+      }
+      next = get2byte(&data[pc]);
+      size = get2byte(&data[pc+2]);
+      nFree = nFree + size;
+      if( next<=pc+size+3 ) break;
+      pc = next;
+    }
+    if( next>0 ){
+      /* Freeblock not in ascending order */
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
+    if( pc+size>(unsigned int)usableSize ){
+      /* Last freeblock extends past page end */
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /* At this point, nFree contains the sum of the offset to the start
+  ** of the cell-content area plus the number of free bytes within
+  ** the cell-content area. If this is greater than the usable-size
+  ** of the page, then the page must be corrupted. This check also
+  ** serves to verify that the offset to the start of the cell-content
+  ** area, according to the page header, lies within the page.
+  */
+  if( nFree>usableSize ){
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+  }
+  pPage->nFree = (u16)(nFree - iCellFirst);
+  pPage->isInit = 1;
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
@@ -61136,7 +62380,7 @@
   assert( sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage) == data );
   assert( sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE ){
+  if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE ){
     memset(&data[hdr], 0, pBt->usableSize - hdr);
   }
   data[hdr] = (char)flags;
@@ -61227,7 +62471,7 @@
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3BtreeLastPage(Btree *p){
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(p) );
-  assert( ((p->pBt->nPage)&0x8000000)==0 );
+  assert( ((p->pBt->nPage)&0x80000000)==0 );
   return btreePagecount(p->pBt);
 }
 
@@ -61254,7 +62498,7 @@
   int rc;
   DbPage *pDbPage;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pBt->mutex) );
-  assert( pCur==0 || ppPage==&pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
+  assert( pCur==0 || ppPage==&pCur->pPage );
   assert( pCur==0 || bReadOnly==pCur->curPagerFlags );
   assert( pCur==0 || pCur->iPage>0 );
 
@@ -61281,14 +62525,17 @@
   /* If obtaining a child page for a cursor, we must verify that the page is
   ** compatible with the root page. */
   if( pCur && ((*ppPage)->nCell<1 || (*ppPage)->intKey!=pCur->curIntKey) ){
-    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pgno);
     releasePage(*ppPage);
     goto getAndInitPage_error;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
 getAndInitPage_error:
-  if( pCur ) pCur->iPage--;
+  if( pCur ){
+    pCur->iPage--;
+    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  }
   testcase( pgno==0 );
   assert( pgno!=0 || rc==SQLITE_CORRUPT );
   return rc;
@@ -61297,6 +62544,8 @@
 /*
 ** Release a MemPage.  This should be called once for each prior
 ** call to btreeGetPage.
+**
+** Page1 is a special case and must be released using releasePageOne().
 */
 static void releasePageNotNull(MemPage *pPage){
   assert( pPage->aData );
@@ -61310,6 +62559,16 @@
 static void releasePage(MemPage *pPage){
   if( pPage ) releasePageNotNull(pPage);
 }
+static void releasePageOne(MemPage *pPage){
+  assert( pPage!=0 );
+  assert( pPage->aData );
+  assert( pPage->pBt );
+  assert( pPage->pDbPage!=0 );
+  assert( sqlite3PagerGetExtra(pPage->pDbPage) == (void*)pPage );
+  assert( sqlite3PagerGetData(pPage->pDbPage)==pPage->aData );
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
+  sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(pPage->pDbPage);
+}
 
 /*
 ** Get an unused page.
@@ -61559,8 +62818,10 @@
     pBt->pCursor = 0;
     pBt->pPage1 = 0;
     if( sqlite3PagerIsreadonly(pBt->pPager) ) pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_READ_ONLY;
-#ifdef SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE
+#if defined(SQLITE_SECURE_DELETE)
     pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
+#elif defined(SQLITE_FAST_SECURE_DELETE)
+    pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_OVERWRITE;
 #endif
     /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-51873-39618 The page size for a database file is
     ** determined by the 2-byte integer located at an offset of 16 bytes from
@@ -62008,19 +63269,34 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Set the BTS_SECURE_DELETE flag if newFlag is 0 or 1.  If newFlag is -1,
-** then make no changes.  Always return the value of the BTS_SECURE_DELETE
-** setting after the change.
+** Change the values for the BTS_SECURE_DELETE and BTS_OVERWRITE flags:
+**
+**    newFlag==0       Both BTS_SECURE_DELETE and BTS_OVERWRITE are cleared
+**    newFlag==1       BTS_SECURE_DELETE set and BTS_OVERWRITE is cleared
+**    newFlag==2       BTS_SECURE_DELETE cleared and BTS_OVERWRITE is set
+**    newFlag==(-1)    No changes
+**
+** This routine acts as a query if newFlag is less than zero
+**
+** With BTS_OVERWRITE set, deleted content is overwritten by zeros, but
+** freelist leaf pages are not written back to the database.  Thus in-page
+** deleted content is cleared, but freelist deleted content is not.
+**
+** With BTS_SECURE_DELETE, operation is like BTS_OVERWRITE with the addition
+** that freelist leaf pages are written back into the database, increasing
+** the amount of disk I/O.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(Btree *p, int newFlag){
   int b;
   if( p==0 ) return 0;
   sqlite3BtreeEnter(p);
+  assert( BTS_OVERWRITE==BTS_SECURE_DELETE*2 );
+  assert( BTS_FAST_SECURE==(BTS_OVERWRITE|BTS_SECURE_DELETE) );
   if( newFlag>=0 ){
-    p->pBt->btsFlags &= ~BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
-    if( newFlag ) p->pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
-  } 
-  b = (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE)!=0;
+    p->pBt->btsFlags &= ~BTS_FAST_SECURE;
+    p->pBt->btsFlags |= BTS_SECURE_DELETE*newFlag;
+  }
+  b = (p->pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE)/BTS_SECURE_DELETE;
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(p);
   return b;
 }
@@ -62077,7 +63353,8 @@
 ** set to the value passed to this function as the second parameter,
 ** set it so.
 */
-#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS!=SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS
+#if SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS!=SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS \
+    && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_WAL)
 static void setDefaultSyncFlag(BtShared *pBt, u8 safety_level){
   sqlite3 *db;
   Db *pDb;
@@ -62171,7 +63448,7 @@
       }else{
         setDefaultSyncFlag(pBt, SQLITE_DEFAULT_WAL_SYNCHRONOUS+1);
         if( isOpen==0 ){
-          releasePage(pPage1);
+          releasePageOne(pPage1);
           return SQLITE_OK;
         }
       }
@@ -62218,7 +63495,7 @@
       ** zero and return SQLITE_OK. The caller will call this function
       ** again with the correct page-size.
       */
-      releasePage(pPage1);
+      releasePageOne(pPage1);
       pBt->usableSize = usableSize;
       pBt->pageSize = pageSize;
       freeTempSpace(pBt);
@@ -62226,7 +63503,7 @@
                                    pageSize-usableSize);
       return rc;
     }
-    if( (pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_RecoveryMode)==0 && nPage>nPageFile ){
+    if( (pBt->db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0 && nPage>nPageFile ){
       rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
       goto page1_init_failed;
     }
@@ -62272,7 +63549,7 @@
   return SQLITE_OK;
 
 page1_init_failed:
-  releasePage(pPage1);
+  releasePageOne(pPage1);
   pBt->pPage1 = 0;
   return rc;
 }
@@ -62317,7 +63594,7 @@
     assert( pPage1->aData );
     assert( sqlite3PagerRefcount(pBt->pPager)==1 );
     pBt->pPage1 = 0;
-    releasePageNotNull(pPage1);
+    releasePageOne(pPage1);
   }
 }
 
@@ -62569,7 +63846,7 @@
   Pgno pgno = pPage->pgno;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
-  rc = btreeInitPage(pPage);
+  rc = pPage->isInit ? SQLITE_OK : btreeInitPage(pPage);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
   nCell = pPage->nCell;
 
@@ -62612,7 +63889,7 @@
   if( eType==PTRMAP_OVERFLOW2 ){
     /* The pointer is always the first 4 bytes of the page in this case.  */
     if( get4byte(pPage->aData)!=iFrom ){
-      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+      return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
     }
     put4byte(pPage->aData, iTo);
   }else{
@@ -62620,7 +63897,7 @@
     int nCell;
     int rc;
 
-    rc = btreeInitPage(pPage);
+    rc = pPage->isInit ? SQLITE_OK : btreeInitPage(pPage);
     if( rc ) return rc;
     nCell = pPage->nCell;
 
@@ -62631,7 +63908,7 @@
         pPage->xParseCell(pPage, pCell, &info);
         if( info.nLocal<info.nPayload ){
           if( pCell+info.nSize > pPage->aData+pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
-            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
           }
           if( iFrom==get4byte(pCell+info.nSize-4) ){
             put4byte(pCell+info.nSize-4, iTo);
@@ -62649,7 +63926,7 @@
     if( i==nCell ){
       if( eType!=PTRMAP_BTREE || 
           get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8])!=iFrom ){
-        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
       }
       put4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8], iTo);
     }
@@ -63169,7 +64446,6 @@
   if( pBtree ){
     sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
     for(p=pBtree->pBt->pCursor; p; p=p->pNext){
-      int i;
       if( writeOnly && (p->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag)==0 ){
         if( p->eState==CURSOR_VALID || p->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT ){
           rc = saveCursorPosition(p);
@@ -63183,10 +64459,7 @@
         p->eState = CURSOR_FAULT;
         p->skipNext = errCode;
       }
-      for(i=0; i<=p->iPage; i++){
-        releasePage(p->apPage[i]);
-        p->apPage[i] = 0;
-      }
+      btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(p);
     }
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
   }
@@ -63243,7 +64516,7 @@
       if( nPage==0 ) sqlite3PagerPagecount(pBt->pPager, &nPage);
       testcase( pBt->nPage!=nPage );
       pBt->nPage = nPage;
-      releasePage(pPage1);
+      releasePageOne(pPage1);
     }
     assert( countValidCursors(pBt, 1)==0 );
     pBt->inTransaction = TRANS_READ;
@@ -63485,10 +64758,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeCloseCursor(BtCursor *pCur){
   Btree *pBtree = pCur->pBtree;
   if( pBtree ){
-    int i;
     BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;
     sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBtree);
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
     assert( pBt->pCursor!=0 );
     if( pBt->pCursor==pCur ){
       pBt->pCursor = pCur->pNext;
@@ -63502,12 +64773,10 @@
         pPrev = pPrev->pNext;
       }while( ALWAYS(pPrev) );
     }
-    for(i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
-      releasePage(pCur->apPage[i]);
-    }
+    btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
     unlockBtreeIfUnused(pBt);
     sqlite3_free(pCur->aOverflow);
-    /* sqlite3_free(pCur); */
+    sqlite3_free(pCur->pKey);
     sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBtree);
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -63524,9 +64793,8 @@
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   static void assertCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
     CellInfo info;
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
     memset(&info, 0, sizeof(info));
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage], pCur->ix, &info);
+    btreeParseCell(pCur->pPage, pCur->ix, &info);
     assert( CORRUPT_DB || memcmp(&info, &pCur->info, sizeof(info))==0 );
   }
 #else
@@ -63534,9 +64802,8 @@
 #endif
 static SQLITE_NOINLINE void getCellInfo(BtCursor *pCur){
   if( pCur->info.nSize==0 ){
-    int iPage = pCur->iPage;
     pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_ValidNKey;
-    btreeParseCell(pCur->apPage[iPage],pCur->ix,&pCur->info);
+    btreeParseCell(pCur->pPage,pCur->ix,&pCur->info);
   }else{
     assertCellInfo(pCur);
   }
@@ -63571,6 +64838,20 @@
   return pCur->info.nKey;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+/*
+** Return the offset into the database file for the start of the
+** payload to which the cursor is pointing.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE i64 sqlite3BtreeOffset(BtCursor *pCur){
+  assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+  getCellInfo(pCur);
+  return (i64)pCur->pBt->pageSize*((i64)pCur->pPage->pgno - 1) +
+         (i64)(pCur->info.pPayload - pCur->pPage->aData);
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC */
+
 /*
 ** Return the number of bytes of payload for the entry that pCur is
 ** currently pointing to.  For table btrees, this will be the amount
@@ -63734,7 +65015,7 @@
   unsigned char *aPayload;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int iIdx = 0;
-  MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]; /* Btree page of current entry */
+  MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;               /* Btree page of current entry */
   BtShared *pBt = pCur->pBt;                  /* Btree this cursor belongs to */
 #ifdef SQLITE_DIRECT_OVERFLOW_READ
   unsigned char * const pBufStart = pBuf;     /* Start of original out buffer */
@@ -63757,7 +65038,7 @@
     **    &aPayload[pCur->info.nLocal] > &pPage->aData[pBt->usableSize]
     ** but is recast into its current form to avoid integer overflow problems
     */
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
 
   /* Check if data must be read/written to/from the btree page itself. */
@@ -63904,7 +65185,8 @@
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && amt>0 ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT; /* Overflow chain ends prematurely */
+    /* Overflow chain ends prematurely */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -63929,8 +65211,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePayload(BtCursor *pCur, u32 offset, u32 amt, void *pBuf){
   assert( cursorHoldsMutex(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+  assert( pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage );
+  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
   return accessPayload(pCur, offset, amt, (unsigned char*)pBuf, 0);
 }
 
@@ -63987,18 +65269,23 @@
   BtCursor *pCur,      /* Cursor pointing to entry to read from */
   u32 *pAmt            /* Write the number of available bytes here */
 ){
-  u32 amt;
-  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
+  int amt;
+  assert( pCur!=0 && pCur->iPage>=0 && pCur->pPage);
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
   assert( pCur->info.nSize>0 );
-  assert( pCur->info.pPayload>pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->aData || CORRUPT_DB );
-  assert( pCur->info.pPayload<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->aDataEnd ||CORRUPT_DB);
-  amt = (int)(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload);
-  if( pCur->info.nLocal<amt ) amt = pCur->info.nLocal;
-  *pAmt = amt;
+  assert( pCur->info.pPayload>pCur->pPage->aData || CORRUPT_DB );
+  assert( pCur->info.pPayload<pCur->pPage->aDataEnd ||CORRUPT_DB);
+  amt = pCur->info.nLocal;
+  if( amt>(int)(pCur->pPage->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload) ){
+    /* There is too little space on the page for the expected amount
+    ** of local content. Database must be corrupt. */
+    assert( CORRUPT_DB );
+    amt = MAX(0, (int)(pCur->pPage->aDataEnd - pCur->info.pPayload));
+  }
+  *pAmt = (u32)amt;
   return (void*)pCur->info.pPayload;
 }
 
@@ -64043,10 +65330,11 @@
   }
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
-  pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage++] = pCur->ix;
+  pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage] = pCur->ix;
+  pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] = pCur->pPage;
   pCur->ix = 0;
-  return getAndInitPage(pBt, newPgno, &pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage],
-                        pCur, pCur->curPagerFlags);
+  pCur->iPage++;
+  return getAndInitPage(pBt, newPgno, &pCur->pPage, pCur, pCur->curPagerFlags);
 }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -64080,20 +65368,23 @@
 ** the largest cell index.
 */
 static void moveToParent(BtCursor *pCur){
+  MemPage *pLeaf;
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( pCur->iPage>0 );
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
+  assert( pCur->pPage );
   assertParentIndex(
     pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1], 
     pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1], 
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->pgno
+    pCur->pPage->pgno
   );
   testcase( pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1] > pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage-1]->nCell );
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
   pCur->ix = pCur->aiIdx[pCur->iPage-1];
-  releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
+  pLeaf = pCur->pPage;
+  pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[--pCur->iPage];
+  releasePageNotNull(pLeaf);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -64105,9 +65396,9 @@
 ** single child page. This can only happen with the table rooted at page 1.
 **
 ** If the b-tree structure is empty, the cursor state is set to 
-** CURSOR_INVALID. Otherwise, the cursor is set to point to the first
-** cell located on the root (or virtual root) page and the cursor state
-** is set to CURSOR_VALID.
+** CURSOR_INVALID and this routine returns SQLITE_EMPTY. Otherwise,
+** the cursor is set to point to the first cell located on the root
+** (or virtual root) page and the cursor state is set to CURSOR_VALID.
 **
 ** If this function returns successfully, it may be assumed that the
 ** page-header flags indicate that the [virtual] root-page is the expected 
@@ -64125,37 +65416,40 @@
   assert( CURSOR_INVALID < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
   assert( CURSOR_VALID   < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
   assert( CURSOR_FAULT   > CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK );
-  if( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
-    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
-      assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
-      return pCur->skipNext;
-    }
-    sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
-  }
+  assert( pCur->eState < CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK || pCur->iPage<0 );
+  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot>0 || pCur->iPage<0 );
 
   if( pCur->iPage>=0 ){
     if( pCur->iPage ){
-      do{
-        assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]!=0 );
-        releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
-      }while( pCur->iPage);
+      releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
+      while( --pCur->iPage ){
+        releasePageNotNull(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]);
+      }
+      pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[0];
       goto skip_init;
     }
   }else if( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 ){
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-    return SQLITE_OK;
+    return SQLITE_EMPTY;
   }else{
     assert( pCur->iPage==(-1) );
-    rc = getAndInitPage(pCur->pBtree->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->apPage[0],
+    if( pCur->eState>=CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK ){
+      if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_FAULT ){
+        assert( pCur->skipNext!=SQLITE_OK );
+        return pCur->skipNext;
+      }
+      sqlite3BtreeClearCursor(pCur);
+    }
+    rc = getAndInitPage(pCur->pBtree->pBt, pCur->pgnoRoot, &pCur->pPage,
                         0, pCur->curPagerFlags);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-       return rc;
+      return rc;
     }
     pCur->iPage = 0;
-    pCur->curIntKey = pCur->apPage[0]->intKey;
+    pCur->curIntKey = pCur->pPage->intKey;
   }
-  pRoot = pCur->apPage[0];
+  pRoot = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pRoot->pgno==pCur->pgnoRoot );
 
   /* If pCur->pKeyInfo is not NULL, then the caller that opened this cursor
@@ -64170,7 +65464,7 @@
   ** (or the freelist).  */
   assert( pRoot->intKey==1 || pRoot->intKey==0 );
   if( pRoot->isInit==0 || (pCur->pKeyInfo==0)!=pRoot->intKey ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pCur->pPage);
   }
 
 skip_init:  
@@ -64178,7 +65472,7 @@
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
 
-  pRoot = pCur->apPage[0];
+  pRoot = pCur->pPage;
   if( pRoot->nCell>0 ){
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_VALID;
   }else if( !pRoot->leaf ){
@@ -64189,6 +65483,7 @@
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, subpage);
   }else{
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
+    rc = SQLITE_EMPTY;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -64207,7 +65502,7 @@
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage])->leaf ){
+  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && !(pPage = pCur->pPage)->leaf ){
     assert( pCur->ix<pPage->nCell );
     pgno = get4byte(findCell(pPage, pCur->ix));
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
@@ -64232,7 +65527,7 @@
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-  while( !(pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage])->leaf ){
+  while( !(pPage = pCur->pPage)->leaf ){
     pgno = get4byte(&pPage->aData[pPage->hdrOffset+8]);
     pCur->ix = pPage->nCell;
     rc = moveToChild(pCur, pgno);
@@ -64255,14 +65550,13 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCur->pBtree->db->mutex) );
   rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-      *pRes = 1;
-    }else{
-      assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell>0 );
-      *pRes = 0;
-      rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
-    }
+    assert( pCur->pPage->nCell>0 );
+    *pRes = 0;
+    rc = moveToLeftmost(pCur);
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
+    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
+    *pRes = 1;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -64286,28 +65580,26 @@
     for(ii=0; ii<pCur->iPage; ii++){
       assert( pCur->aiIdx[ii]==pCur->apPage[ii]->nCell );
     }
-    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell-1 );
-    assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf );
+    assert( pCur->ix==pCur->pPage->nCell-1 );
+    assert( pCur->pPage->leaf );
 #endif
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
 
   rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-      *pRes = 1;
+    assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+    *pRes = 0;
+    rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
     }else{
-      assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
-      *pRes = 0;
-      rc = moveToRightmost(pCur);
-      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-        pCur->curFlags |= BTCF_AtLast;
-      }else{
-        pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
-      }
-   
+      pCur->curFlags &= ~BTCF_AtLast;
     }
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
+    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
+    *pRes = 1;
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -64375,16 +65667,19 @@
       /* If the requested key is one more than the previous key, then
       ** try to get there using sqlite3BtreeNext() rather than a full
       ** binary search.  This is an optimization only.  The correct answer
-      ** is still obtained without this ase, only a little more slowely */
+      ** is still obtained without this case, only a little more slowely */
       if( pCur->info.nKey+1==intKey && !pCur->skipNext ){
         *pRes = 0;
-        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, pRes);
-        if( rc ) return rc;
-        if( *pRes==0 ){
+        rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, 0);
+        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           getCellInfo(pCur);
           if( pCur->info.nKey==intKey ){
             return SQLITE_OK;
           }
+        }else if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+        }else{
+          return rc;
         }
       }
     }
@@ -64403,22 +65698,23 @@
 
   rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
   if( rc ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
+      assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->pPage->nCell==0 );
+      *pRes = -1;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
     return rc;
   }
-  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] );
-  assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->isInit );
-  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell>0 );
-  if( pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID ){
-    *pRes = -1;
-    assert( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell==0 );
-    return SQLITE_OK;
-  }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==pCur->curIntKey );
+  assert( pCur->pPage );
+  assert( pCur->pPage->isInit );
+  assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
+  assert( pCur->pPage->nCell > 0 );
+  assert( pCur->iPage==0 || pCur->apPage[0]->intKey==pCur->curIntKey );
   assert( pCur->curIntKey || pIdxKey );
   for(;;){
     int lwr, upr, idx, c;
     Pgno chldPg;
-    MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;
     u8 *pCell;                          /* Pointer to current cell in pPage */
 
     /* pPage->nCell must be greater than zero. If this is the root-page
@@ -64440,7 +65736,9 @@
         pCell = findCellPastPtr(pPage, idx);
         if( pPage->intKeyLeaf ){
           while( 0x80 <= *(pCell++) ){
-            if( pCell>=pPage->aDataEnd ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            if( pCell>=pPage->aDataEnd ){
+              return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
+            }
           }
         }
         getVarint(pCell, (u64*)&nCellKey);
@@ -64513,7 +65811,7 @@
           testcase( nCell==1 );  /* Invalid key size:  0x80 0x80 0x01 */
           testcase( nCell==2 );  /* Minimum legal index key size */
           if( nCell<2 ){
-            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
             goto moveto_finish;
           }
           pCellKey = sqlite3Malloc( nCell+18 );
@@ -64544,7 +65842,7 @@
           *pRes = 0;
           rc = SQLITE_OK;
           pCur->ix = (u16)idx;
-          if( pIdxKey->errCode ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT;
+          if( pIdxKey->errCode ) rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
           goto moveto_finish;
         }
         if( lwr>upr ) break;
@@ -64555,7 +65853,7 @@
     assert( lwr==upr+1 || (pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf) );
     assert( pPage->isInit );
     if( pPage->leaf ){
-      assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+      assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
       pCur->ix = (u16)idx;
       *pRes = c;
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
@@ -64609,19 +65907,22 @@
   ** opcode, and it that case the cursor will always be valid and
   ** will always point to a leaf node. */
   if( NEVER(pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID) ) return -1;
-  if( NEVER(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf==0) ) return -1;
+  if( NEVER(pCur->pPage->leaf==0) ) return -1;
 
-  for(n=1, i=0; i<=pCur->iPage; i++){
+  n = pCur->pPage->nCell;
+  for(i=0; i<pCur->iPage; i++){
     n *= pCur->apPage[i]->nCell;
   }
   return n;
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database.  If
-** successful then set *pRes=0.  If the cursor
-** was already pointing to the last entry in the database before
-** this routine was called, then set *pRes=1.
+** Advance the cursor to the next entry in the database. 
+** Return value:
+**
+**    SQLITE_OK        success
+**    SQLITE_DONE      cursor is already pointing at the last element
+**    otherwise        some kind of error occurred
 **
 ** The main entry point is sqlite3BtreeNext().  That routine is optimized
 ** for the common case of merely incrementing the cell counter BtCursor.aiIdx
@@ -64629,23 +65930,19 @@
 ** routine is called when it is necessary to move to a different page or
 ** to restore the cursor.
 **
-** The calling function will set *pRes to 0 or 1.  The initial *pRes value
-** will be 1 if the cursor being stepped corresponds to an SQL index and
-** if this routine could have been skipped if that SQL index had been
-** a unique index.  Otherwise the caller will have set *pRes to zero.
-** Zero is the common case. The btree implementation is free to use the
-** initial *pRes value as a hint to improve performance, but the current
-** SQLite btree implementation does not. (Note that the comdb2 btree
-** implementation does use this hint, however.)
+** If bit 0x01 of the F argument in sqlite3BtreeNext(C,F) is 1, then the
+** cursor corresponds to an SQL index and this routine could have been
+** skipped if the SQL index had been a unique index.  The F argument
+** is a hint to the implement.  SQLite btree implementation does not use
+** this hint, but COMDB2 does.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreeNext(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
   int idx;
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
-  assert( *pRes==0 );
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ){
     assert( (pCur->curFlags & BTCF_ValidOvfl)==0 );
     rc = restoreCursorPosition(pCur);
@@ -64653,8 +65950,7 @@
       return rc;
     }
     if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      *pRes = 1;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
+      return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
     if( pCur->skipNext ){
       assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT );
@@ -64667,7 +65963,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   idx = ++pCur->ix;
   assert( pPage->isInit );
 
@@ -64686,15 +65982,14 @@
     }
     do{
       if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
-        *pRes = 1;
         pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
+        return SQLITE_DONE;
       }
       moveToParent(pCur);
-      pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+      pPage = pCur->pPage;
     }while( pCur->ix>=pPage->nCell );
     if( pPage->intKey ){
-      return sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, pRes);
+      return sqlite3BtreeNext(pCur, 0);
     }else{
       return SQLITE_OK;
     }
@@ -64705,20 +66000,19 @@
     return moveToLeftmost(pCur);
   }
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreeNext(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
   MemPage *pPage;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  assert( *pRes==0 || *pRes==1 );
+  assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_ValidNKey|BTCF_ValidOvfl);
-  *pRes = 0;
-  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return btreeNext(pCur, pRes);
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID ) return btreeNext(pCur);
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   if( (++pCur->ix)>=pPage->nCell ){
     pCur->ix--;
-    return btreeNext(pCur, pRes);
+    return btreeNext(pCur);
   }
   if( pPage->leaf ){
     return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -64728,10 +66022,12 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Step the cursor to the back to the previous entry in the database.  If
-** successful then set *pRes=0.  If the cursor
-** was already pointing to the first entry in the database before
-** this routine was called, then set *pRes=1.
+** Step the cursor to the back to the previous entry in the database.
+** Return values:
+**
+**     SQLITE_OK     success
+**     SQLITE_DONE   the cursor is already on the first element of the table
+**     otherwise     some kind of error occurred
 **
 ** The main entry point is sqlite3BtreePrevious().  That routine is optimized
 ** for the common case of merely decrementing the cell counter BtCursor.aiIdx
@@ -64739,22 +66035,17 @@
 ** helper routine is called when it is necessary to move to a different page
 ** or to restore the cursor.
 **
-** The calling function will set *pRes to 0 or 1.  The initial *pRes value
-** will be 1 if the cursor being stepped corresponds to an SQL index and
-** if this routine could have been skipped if that SQL index had been
-** a unique index.  Otherwise the caller will have set *pRes to zero.
-** Zero is the common case. The btree implementation is free to use the
-** initial *pRes value as a hint to improve performance, but the current
-** SQLite btree implementation does not. (Note that the comdb2 btree
-** implementation does use this hint, however.)
+** If bit 0x01 of the F argument to sqlite3BtreePrevious(C,F) is 1, then
+** the cursor corresponds to an SQL index and this routine could have been
+** skipped if the SQL index had been a unique index.  The F argument is a
+** hint to the implement.  The native SQLite btree implementation does not
+** use this hint, but COMDB2 does.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int btreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur){
   int rc;
   MemPage *pPage;
 
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  assert( *pRes==0 );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( (pCur->curFlags & (BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey))==0 );
   assert( pCur->info.nSize==0 );
@@ -64764,8 +66055,7 @@
       return rc;
     }
     if( CURSOR_INVALID==pCur->eState ){
-      *pRes = 1;
-      return SQLITE_OK;
+      return SQLITE_DONE;
     }
     if( pCur->skipNext ){
       assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || pCur->eState==CURSOR_SKIPNEXT );
@@ -64778,7 +66068,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pPage->isInit );
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
     int idx = pCur->ix;
@@ -64789,8 +66079,7 @@
     while( pCur->ix==0 ){
       if( pCur->iPage==0 ){
         pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
-        *pRes = 1;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
+        return SQLITE_DONE;
       }
       moveToParent(pCur);
     }
@@ -64798,28 +66087,27 @@
     assert( (pCur->curFlags & (BTCF_ValidOvfl))==0 );
 
     pCur->ix--;
-    pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    pPage = pCur->pPage;
     if( pPage->intKey && !pPage->leaf ){
-      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, pRes);
+      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, 0);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
   return rc;
 }
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int *pRes){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3BtreePrevious(BtCursor *pCur, int flags){
   assert( cursorOwnsBtShared(pCur) );
-  assert( pRes!=0 );
-  assert( *pRes==0 || *pRes==1 );
+  assert( flags==0 || flags==1 );
   assert( pCur->skipNext==0 || pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID );
-  *pRes = 0;
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER( flags );  /* Used in COMDB2 but not native SQLite */
   pCur->curFlags &= ~(BTCF_AtLast|BTCF_ValidOvfl|BTCF_ValidNKey);
   pCur->info.nSize = 0;
   if( pCur->eState!=CURSOR_VALID
    || pCur->ix==0
-   || pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->leaf==0
+   || pCur->pPage->leaf==0
   ){
-    return btreePrevious(pCur, pRes);
+    return btreePrevious(pCur);
   }
   pCur->ix--;
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -64927,7 +66215,7 @@
       }
       testcase( iTrunk==mxPage );
       if( iTrunk>mxPage || nSearch++ > n ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(pPrevTrunk ? pPrevTrunk->pgno : 1);
       }else{
         rc = btreeGetUnusedPage(pBt, iTrunk, &pTrunk, 0);
       }
@@ -64956,7 +66244,7 @@
         TRACE(("ALLOCATE: %d trunk - %d free pages left\n", *pPgno, n-1));
       }else if( k>(u32)(pBt->usableSize/4 - 2) ){
         /* Value of k is out of range.  Database corruption */
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
         goto end_allocate_page;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       }else if( searchList 
@@ -64990,7 +66278,7 @@
           MemPage *pNewTrunk;
           Pgno iNewTrunk = get4byte(&pTrunk->aData[8]);
           if( iNewTrunk>mxPage ){ 
-            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+            rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
             goto end_allocate_page;
           }
           testcase( iNewTrunk==mxPage );
@@ -65055,7 +66343,7 @@
         iPage = get4byte(&aData[8+closest*4]);
         testcase( iPage==mxPage );
         if( iPage>mxPage ){
-          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+          rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_PGNO(iTrunk);
           goto end_allocate_page;
         }
         testcase( iPage==mxPage );
@@ -65313,7 +66601,7 @@
   unsigned char *pCell,    /* First byte of the Cell */
   CellInfo *pInfo          /* Size information about the cell */
 ){
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
+  BtShared *pBt;
   Pgno ovflPgno;
   int rc;
   int nOvfl;
@@ -65325,9 +66613,11 @@
     return SQLITE_OK;  /* No overflow pages. Return without doing anything */
   }
   if( pCell+pInfo->nSize-1 > pPage->aData+pPage->maskPage ){
-    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;  /* Cell extends past end of page */
+    /* Cell extends past end of page */
+    return SQLITE_CORRUPT_PAGE(pPage);
   }
   ovflPgno = get4byte(pCell + pInfo->nSize - 4);
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
   assert( pBt->usableSize > 4 );
   ovflPageSize = pBt->usableSize - 4;
   nOvfl = (pInfo->nPayload - pInfo->nLocal + ovflPageSize - 1)/ovflPageSize;
@@ -65395,21 +66685,20 @@
 ){
   int nPayload;
   const u8 *pSrc;
-  int nSrc, n, rc;
+  int nSrc, n, rc, mn;
   int spaceLeft;
-  MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
-  MemPage *pToRelease = 0;
+  MemPage *pToRelease;
   unsigned char *pPrior;
   unsigned char *pPayload;
-  BtShared *pBt = pPage->pBt;
-  Pgno pgnoOvfl = 0;
+  BtShared *pBt;
+  Pgno pgnoOvfl;
   int nHeader;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pPage->pBt->mutex) );
 
   /* pPage is not necessarily writeable since pCell might be auxiliary
   ** buffer space that is separate from the pPage buffer area */
-  assert( pCell<pPage->aData || pCell>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
+  assert( pCell<pPage->aData || pCell>=&pPage->aData[pPage->pBt->pageSize]
             || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
 
   /* Fill in the header. */
@@ -65429,25 +66718,36 @@
   }
   
   /* Fill in the payload */
+  pPayload = &pCell[nHeader];
   if( nPayload<=pPage->maxLocal ){
+    /* This is the common case where everything fits on the btree page
+    ** and no overflow pages are required. */
     n = nHeader + nPayload;
     testcase( n==3 );
     testcase( n==4 );
     if( n<4 ) n = 4;
     *pnSize = n;
-    spaceLeft = nPayload;
-    pPrior = pCell;
-  }else{
-    int mn = pPage->minLocal;
-    n = mn + (nPayload - mn) % (pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
-    testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal );
-    testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
-    if( n > pPage->maxLocal ) n = mn;
-    spaceLeft = n;
-    *pnSize = n + nHeader + 4;
-    pPrior = &pCell[nHeader+n];
+    assert( nSrc<=nPayload );
+    testcase( nSrc<nPayload );
+    memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, nSrc);
+    memset(pPayload+nSrc, 0, nPayload-nSrc);
+    return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  pPayload = &pCell[nHeader];
+
+  /* If we reach this point, it means that some of the content will need
+  ** to spill onto overflow pages.
+  */
+  mn = pPage->minLocal;
+  n = mn + (nPayload - mn) % (pPage->pBt->usableSize - 4);
+  testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal );
+  testcase( n==pPage->maxLocal+1 );
+  if( n > pPage->maxLocal ) n = mn;
+  spaceLeft = n;
+  *pnSize = n + nHeader + 4;
+  pPrior = &pCell[nHeader+n];
+  pToRelease = 0;
+  pgnoOvfl = 0;
+  pBt = pPage->pBt;
 
   /* At this point variables should be set as follows:
   **
@@ -65473,8 +66773,35 @@
 #endif
 
   /* Write the payload into the local Cell and any extra into overflow pages */
-  while( nPayload>0 ){
+  while( 1 ){
+    n = nPayload;
+    if( n>spaceLeft ) n = spaceLeft;
+
+    /* If pToRelease is not zero than pPayload points into the data area
+    ** of pToRelease.  Make sure pToRelease is still writeable. */
+    assert( pToRelease==0 || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pToRelease->pDbPage) );
+
+    /* If pPayload is part of the data area of pPage, then make sure pPage
+    ** is still writeable */
+    assert( pPayload<pPage->aData || pPayload>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
+            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
+
+    if( nSrc>=n ){
+      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
+    }else if( nSrc>0 ){
+      n = nSrc;
+      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
+    }else{
+      memset(pPayload, 0, n);
+    }
+    nPayload -= n;
+    if( nPayload<=0 ) break;
+    pPayload += n;
+    pSrc += n;
+    nSrc -= n;
+    spaceLeft -= n;
     if( spaceLeft==0 ){
+      MemPage *pOvfl = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
       Pgno pgnoPtrmap = pgnoOvfl; /* Overflow page pointer-map entry page */
       if( pBt->autoVacuum ){
@@ -65527,30 +66854,6 @@
       pPayload = &pOvfl->aData[4];
       spaceLeft = pBt->usableSize - 4;
     }
-    n = nPayload;
-    if( n>spaceLeft ) n = spaceLeft;
-
-    /* If pToRelease is not zero than pPayload points into the data area
-    ** of pToRelease.  Make sure pToRelease is still writeable. */
-    assert( pToRelease==0 || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pToRelease->pDbPage) );
-
-    /* If pPayload is part of the data area of pPage, then make sure pPage
-    ** is still writeable */
-    assert( pPayload<pPage->aData || pPayload>=&pPage->aData[pBt->pageSize]
-            || sqlite3PagerIswriteable(pPage->pDbPage) );
-
-    if( nSrc>0 ){
-      if( n>nSrc ) n = nSrc;
-      assert( pSrc );
-      memcpy(pPayload, pSrc, n);
-    }else{
-      memset(pPayload, 0, n);
-    }
-    nPayload -= n;
-    pPayload += n;
-    pSrc += n;
-    nSrc -= n;
-    spaceLeft -= n;
   }
   releasePage(pToRelease);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -65582,7 +66885,7 @@
   hdr = pPage->hdrOffset;
   testcase( pc==get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) );
   testcase( pc+sz==pPage->pBt->usableSize );
-  if( pc < (u32)get2byte(&data[hdr+5]) || pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
+  if( pc+sz > pPage->pBt->usableSize ){
     *pRC = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     return;
   }
@@ -66420,7 +67723,7 @@
       ** In this case, temporarily copy the cell into the aOvflSpace[]
       ** buffer. It will be copied out again as soon as the aSpace[] buffer
       ** is allocated.  */
-      if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_SECURE_DELETE ){
+      if( pBt->btsFlags & BTS_FAST_SECURE ){
         int iOff;
 
         iOff = SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(apDiv[i]) - SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pParent->aData);
@@ -66449,10 +67752,8 @@
      + nMaxCells*sizeof(u16)                       /* b.szCell */
      + pBt->pageSize;                              /* aSpace1 */
 
-  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-28375-38319 SQLite will never request a scratch buffer
-  ** that is more than 6 times the database page size. */
   assert( szScratch<=6*(int)pBt->pageSize );
-  b.apCell = sqlite3ScratchMalloc( szScratch ); 
+  b.apCell = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(0, szScratch );
   if( b.apCell==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     goto balance_cleanup;
@@ -67030,7 +68331,7 @@
   ** Cleanup before returning.
   */
 balance_cleanup:
-  sqlite3ScratchFree(b.apCell);
+  sqlite3StackFree(0, b.apCell);
   for(i=0; i<nOld; i++){
     releasePage(apOld[i]);
   }
@@ -67129,7 +68430,7 @@
 
   do {
     int iPage = pCur->iPage;
-    MemPage *pPage = pCur->apPage[iPage];
+    MemPage *pPage = pCur->pPage;
 
     if( iPage==0 ){
       if( pPage->nOverflow ){
@@ -67145,7 +68446,9 @@
           pCur->iPage = 1;
           pCur->ix = 0;
           pCur->aiIdx[0] = 0;
-          assert( pCur->apPage[1]->nOverflow );
+          pCur->apPage[0] = pPage;
+          pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[1];
+          assert( pCur->pPage->nOverflow );
         }
       }else{
         break;
@@ -67225,6 +68528,7 @@
       releasePage(pPage);
       pCur->iPage--;
       assert( pCur->iPage>=0 );
+      pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
     }
   }while( rc==SQLITE_OK );
 
@@ -67356,7 +68660,7 @@
   }
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID || (pCur->eState==CURSOR_INVALID && loc) );
 
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   assert( pPage->intKey || pX->nKey>=0 );
   assert( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey );
 
@@ -67443,10 +68747,10 @@
     ** fails. Internal data structure corruption will result otherwise. 
     ** Also, set the cursor state to invalid. This stops saveCursorPosition()
     ** from trying to save the current position of the cursor.  */
-    pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nOverflow = 0;
+    pCur->pPage->nOverflow = 0;
     pCur->eState = CURSOR_INVALID;
     if( (flags & BTREE_SAVEPOSITION) && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
+      btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
       if( pCur->pKeyInfo ){
         assert( pCur->pKey==0 );
         pCur->pKey = sqlite3Malloc( pX->nKey );
@@ -67460,7 +68764,7 @@
       pCur->nKey = pX->nKey;
     }
   }
-  assert( pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nOverflow==0 );
+  assert( pCur->iPage<0 || pCur->pPage->nOverflow==0 );
 
 end_insert:
   return rc;
@@ -67501,13 +68805,13 @@
   assert( pCur->curFlags & BTCF_WriteFlag );
   assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(p, pCur->pgnoRoot, pCur->pKeyInfo!=0, 2) );
   assert( !hasReadConflicts(p, pCur->pgnoRoot) );
-  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+  assert( pCur->ix<pCur->pPage->nCell );
   assert( pCur->eState==CURSOR_VALID );
   assert( (flags & ~(BTREE_SAVEPOSITION | BTREE_AUXDELETE))==0 );
 
   iCellDepth = pCur->iPage;
   iCellIdx = pCur->ix;
-  pPage = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth];
+  pPage = pCur->pPage;
   pCell = findCell(pPage, iCellIdx);
 
   /* If the bPreserve flag is set to true, then the cursor position must
@@ -67540,8 +68844,8 @@
   ** sub-tree headed by the child page of the cell being deleted. This makes
   ** balancing the tree following the delete operation easier.  */
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    int notUsed = 0;
-    rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, &notUsed);
+    rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pCur, 0);
+    assert( rc!=SQLITE_DONE );
     if( rc ) return rc;
   }
 
@@ -67573,11 +68877,16 @@
   ** node. The cell from the leaf node needs to be moved to the internal
   ** node to replace the deleted cell.  */
   if( !pPage->leaf ){
-    MemPage *pLeaf = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    MemPage *pLeaf = pCur->pPage;
     int nCell;
-    Pgno n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
+    Pgno n;
     unsigned char *pTmp;
 
+    if( iCellDepth<pCur->iPage-1 ){
+      n = pCur->apPage[iCellDepth+1]->pgno;
+    }else{
+      n = pCur->pPage->pgno;
+    }
     pCell = findCell(pLeaf, pLeaf->nCell-1);
     if( pCell<&pLeaf->aData[4] ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
     nCell = pLeaf->xCellSize(pLeaf, pCell);
@@ -67609,16 +68918,19 @@
   ** well.  */
   rc = balance(pCur);
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
+    releasePageNotNull(pCur->pPage);
+    pCur->iPage--;
     while( pCur->iPage>iCellDepth ){
       releasePage(pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage--]);
     }
+    pCur->pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
     rc = balance(pCur);
   }
 
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( bSkipnext ){
       assert( bPreserve && (pCur->iPage==iCellDepth || CORRUPT_DB) );
-      assert( pPage==pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage] || CORRUPT_DB );
+      assert( pPage==pCur->pPage || CORRUPT_DB );
       assert( (pPage->nCell>0 || CORRUPT_DB) && iCellIdx<=pPage->nCell );
       pCur->eState = CURSOR_SKIPNEXT;
       if( iCellIdx>=pPage->nCell ){
@@ -67630,8 +68942,10 @@
     }else{
       rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
       if( bPreserve ){
+        btreeReleaseAllCursorPages(pCur);
         pCur->eState = CURSOR_REQUIRESEEK;
       }
+      if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
     }
   }
   return rc;
@@ -68096,11 +69410,11 @@
   i64 nEntry = 0;                      /* Value to return in *pnEntry */
   int rc;                              /* Return code */
 
-  if( pCur->pgnoRoot==0 ){
+  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_EMPTY ){
     *pnEntry = 0;
     return SQLITE_OK;
   }
-  rc = moveToRoot(pCur);
 
   /* Unless an error occurs, the following loop runs one iteration for each
   ** page in the B-Tree structure (not including overflow pages). 
@@ -68113,7 +69427,7 @@
     ** this page contains countable entries. Increment the entry counter
     ** accordingly.
     */
-    pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+    pPage = pCur->pPage;
     if( pPage->leaf || !pPage->intKey ){
       nEntry += pPage->nCell;
     }
@@ -68136,10 +69450,10 @@
           return moveToRoot(pCur);
         }
         moveToParent(pCur);
-      }while ( pCur->ix>=pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage]->nCell );
+      }while ( pCur->ix>=pCur->pPage->nCell );
 
       pCur->ix++;
-      pPage = pCur->apPage[pCur->iPage];
+      pPage = pCur->pPage;
     }
 
     /* Descend to the child node of the cell that the cursor currently 
@@ -68980,7 +70294,7 @@
               && pCsr->pBt->inTransaction==TRANS_WRITE );
   assert( hasSharedCacheTableLock(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot, 0, 2) );
   assert( !hasReadConflicts(pCsr->pBtree, pCsr->pgnoRoot) );
-  assert( pCsr->apPage[pCsr->iPage]->intKey );
+  assert( pCsr->pPage->intKey );
 
   return accessPayload(pCsr, offset, amt, (unsigned char *)z, 1);
 }
@@ -69903,7 +71217,7 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCheckMemInvariants(Mem *p){
   /* If MEM_Dyn is set then Mem.xDel!=0.  
-  ** Mem.xDel is might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
+  ** Mem.xDel might not be initialized if MEM_Dyn is clear.
   */
   assert( (p->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 || p->xDel!=0 );
 
@@ -69916,9 +71230,34 @@
   /* Cannot be both MEM_Int and MEM_Real at the same time */
   assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real))!=(MEM_Int|MEM_Real) );
 
-  /* Cannot be both MEM_Null and some other type */
-  assert( (p->flags & MEM_Null)==0 ||
-          (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))==0 );
+  if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
+    /* Cannot be both MEM_Null and some other type */
+    assert( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Str|MEM_Blob
+                         |MEM_RowSet|MEM_Frame|MEM_Agg))==0 );
+
+    /* If MEM_Null is set, then either the value is a pure NULL (the usual
+    ** case) or it is a pointer set using sqlite3_bind_pointer() or
+    ** sqlite3_result_pointer().  If a pointer, then MEM_Term must also be
+    ** set.
+    */
+    if( (p->flags & (MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype))==(MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype) ){
+      /* This is a pointer type.  There may be a flag to indicate what to
+      ** do with the pointer. */
+      assert( ((p->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
+              ((p->flags&MEM_Ephem)!=0 ? 1 : 0) +
+              ((p->flags&MEM_Static)!=0 ? 1 : 0) <= 1 );
+
+      /* No other bits set */
+      assert( (p->flags & ~(MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype
+                           |MEM_Dyn|MEM_Ephem|MEM_Static))==0 );
+    }else{
+      /* A pure NULL might have other flags, such as MEM_Static, MEM_Dyn,
+      ** MEM_Ephem, MEM_Cleared, or MEM_Subtype */
+    }
+  }else{
+    /* The MEM_Cleared bit is only allowed on NULLs */
+    assert( (p->flags & MEM_Cleared)==0 );
+  }
 
   /* The szMalloc field holds the correct memory allocation size */
   assert( p->szMalloc==0
@@ -70006,7 +71345,7 @@
   assert( pMem->szMalloc==0
        || pMem->szMalloc==sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc) );
   if( n<32 ) n = 32;
-  if( bPreserve && pMem->szMalloc>0 && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
+  if( pMem->szMalloc>0 && bPreserve && pMem->z==pMem->zMalloc ){
     pMem->z = pMem->zMalloc = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(pMem->db, pMem->z, n);
     bPreserve = 0;
   }else{
@@ -70022,7 +71361,8 @@
     pMem->szMalloc = sqlite3DbMallocSize(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
   }
 
-  if( bPreserve && pMem->z && ALWAYS(pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc) ){
+  if( bPreserve && pMem->z ){
+    assert( pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc );
     memcpy(pMem->zMalloc, pMem->z, pMem->n);
   }
   if( (pMem->flags&MEM_Dyn)!=0 ){
@@ -70061,6 +71401,20 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** It is already known that pMem contains an unterminated string.
+** Add the zero terminator.
+*/
+static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemAddTerminator(Mem *pMem){
+  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+2, 1) ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }
+  pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
+  pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
+  pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Change pMem so that its MEM_Str or MEM_Blob value is stored in
 ** MEM.zMalloc, where it can be safely written.
 **
@@ -70072,12 +71426,8 @@
   if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob))!=0 ){
     if( ExpandBlob(pMem) ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
     if( pMem->szMalloc==0 || pMem->z!=pMem->zMalloc ){
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n + 2, 1) ){
-        return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-      }
-      pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
-      pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
-      pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
+      int rc = vdbeMemAddTerminator(pMem);
+      if( rc ) return rc;
     }
   }
   pMem->flags &= ~MEM_Ephem;
@@ -70117,20 +71467,6 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
-** It is already known that pMem contains an unterminated string.
-** Add the zero terminator.
-*/
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE int vdbeMemAddTerminator(Mem *pMem){
-  if( sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pMem, pMem->n+2, 1) ){
-    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  }
-  pMem->z[pMem->n] = 0;
-  pMem->z[pMem->n+1] = 0;
-  pMem->flags |= MEM_Term;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Make sure the given Mem is \u0000 terminated.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNulTerminate(Mem *pMem){
@@ -70204,26 +71540,24 @@
 ** otherwise.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemFinalize(Mem *pMem, FuncDef *pFunc){
-  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  if( ALWAYS(pFunc && pFunc->xFinalize) ){
-    sqlite3_context ctx;
-    Mem t;
-    assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 || pFunc==pMem->u.pDef );
-    assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-    memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
-    memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
-    t.flags = MEM_Null;
-    t.db = pMem->db;
-    ctx.pOut = &t;
-    ctx.pMem = pMem;
-    ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
-    pFunc->xFinalize(&ctx); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
-    assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
-    if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
-    memcpy(pMem, &t, sizeof(t));
-    rc = ctx.isError;
-  }
-  return rc;
+  sqlite3_context ctx;
+  Mem t;
+  assert( pFunc!=0 );
+  assert( pFunc->xFinalize!=0 );
+  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Null)!=0 || pFunc==pMem->u.pDef );
+  assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
+  memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(ctx));
+  memset(&t, 0, sizeof(t));
+  t.flags = MEM_Null;
+  t.db = pMem->db;
+  ctx.pOut = &t;
+  ctx.pMem = pMem;
+  ctx.pFunc = pFunc;
+  pFunc->xFinalize(&ctx); /* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
+  assert( (pMem->flags & MEM_Dyn)==0 );
+  if( pMem->szMalloc>0 ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(pMem->db, pMem->zMalloc);
+  memcpy(pMem, &t, sizeof(t));
+  return ctx.isError;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -70448,14 +71782,21 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(Mem *pMem){
   if( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))==0 ){
+    int rc;
     assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str))!=0 );
     assert( pMem->db==0 || sqlite3_mutex_held(pMem->db->mutex) );
-    if( 0==sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc) ){
+    rc = sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
+    if( rc==0 ){
       MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
     }else{
-      pMem->u.r = sqlite3VdbeRealValue(pMem);
-      MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
-      sqlite3VdbeIntegerAffinity(pMem);
+      i64 i = pMem->u.i;
+      sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc);
+      if( rc==1 && pMem->u.r==(double)i ){
+        pMem->u.i = i;
+        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Int);
+      }else{
+        MemSetTypeFlag(pMem, MEM_Real);
+      }
     }
   }
   assert( (pMem->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Real|MEM_Null))!=0 );
@@ -70581,6 +71922,27 @@
   }
 }
 
+/* A no-op destructor */
+static void sqlite3NoopDestructor(void *p){ UNUSED_PARAMETER(p); }
+
+/*
+** Set the value stored in *pMem should already be a NULL.
+** Also store a pointer to go with it.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(
+  Mem *pMem,
+  void *pPtr,
+  const char *zPType,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+){
+  assert( pMem->flags==MEM_Null );
+  pMem->u.zPType = zPType ? zPType : "";
+  pMem->z = pPtr;
+  pMem->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Dyn|MEM_Subtype|MEM_Term;
+  pMem->eSubtype = 'p';
+  pMem->xDel = xDestructor ? xDestructor : sqlite3NoopDestructor;
+}
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
 /*
 ** Delete any previous value and set the value stored in *pMem to val,
@@ -70761,7 +72123,7 @@
   if( nByte<0 ){
     assert( enc!=0 );
     if( enc==SQLITE_UTF8 ){
-      nByte = sqlite3Strlen30(z);
+      nByte = 0x7fffffff & (int)strlen(z);
       if( nByte>iLimit ) nByte = iLimit+1;
     }else{
       for(nByte=0; nByte<=iLimit && (z[nByte] | z[nByte+1]); nByte+=2){}
@@ -70839,12 +72201,11 @@
 ){
   int rc;
   pMem->flags = MEM_Null;
-  if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, amt+2)) ){
+  if( SQLITE_OK==(rc = sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, amt+1)) ){
     rc = sqlite3BtreePayload(pCur, offset, amt, pMem->z);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-      pMem->z[amt] = 0;
-      pMem->z[amt+1] = 0;
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Blob|MEM_Term;
+      pMem->z[amt] = 0;   /* Overrun area used when reading malformed records */
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Blob;
       pMem->n = (int)amt;
     }else{
       sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pMem);
@@ -70993,7 +72354,7 @@
       if( pRec ){
         pRec->pKeyInfo = sqlite3KeyInfoOfIndex(p->pParse, pIdx);
         if( pRec->pKeyInfo ){
-          assert( pRec->pKeyInfo->nField+pRec->pKeyInfo->nXField==nCol );
+          assert( pRec->pKeyInfo->nAllField==nCol );
           assert( pRec->pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
           pRec->aMem = (Mem *)((u8*)pRec + ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)));
           for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
@@ -71150,7 +72511,11 @@
 
   assert( pExpr!=0 );
   while( (op = pExpr->op)==TK_UPLUS || op==TK_SPAN ) pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4)
+  if( op==TK_REGISTER ) op = pExpr->op2;
+#else
   if( NEVER(op==TK_REGISTER) ) op = pExpr->op2;
+#endif
 
   /* Compressed expressions only appear when parsing the DEFAULT clause
   ** on a table column definition, and hence only when pCtx==0.  This
@@ -71201,7 +72566,7 @@
     }
   }else if( op==TK_UMINUS ) {
     /* This branch happens for multiple negative signs.  Ex: -(-5) */
-    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3ValueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal) 
+    if( SQLITE_OK==valueFromExpr(db,pExpr->pLeft,enc,affinity,&pVal,pCtx) 
      && pVal!=0
     ){
       sqlite3VdbeMemNumerify(pVal);
@@ -71245,7 +72610,10 @@
   return rc;
 
 no_mem:
-  sqlite3OomFault(db);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+  if( pCtx==0 || pCtx->pParse->nErr==0 )
+#endif
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zVal);
   assert( *ppVal==0 );
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
@@ -71358,14 +72726,13 @@
   /* Skip over any TK_COLLATE nodes */
   pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pExpr);
 
+  assert( pExpr==0 || pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER || pExpr->op2!=TK_VARIABLE );
   if( !pExpr ){
     pVal = valueNew(db, pAlloc);
     if( pVal ){
       sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull((Mem*)pVal);
     }
-  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_VARIABLE
-        || NEVER(pExpr->op==TK_REGISTER && pExpr->op2==TK_VARIABLE)
-  ){
+  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_VARIABLE && (db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 ){
     Vdbe *v;
     int iBindVar = pExpr->iColumn;
     sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iBindVar);
@@ -71373,9 +72740,7 @@
       pVal = valueNew(db, pAlloc);
       if( pVal ){
         rc = sqlite3VdbeMemCopy((Mem*)pVal, &v->aVar[iBindVar-1]);
-        if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-          sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, ENC(db));
-        }
+        sqlite3ValueApplyAffinity(pVal, affinity, ENC(db));
         pVal->db = pParse->db;
       }
     }
@@ -71532,7 +72897,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord *pRec){
   if( pRec ){
     int i;
-    int nCol = pRec->pKeyInfo->nField+pRec->pKeyInfo->nXField;
+    int nCol = pRec->pKeyInfo->nAllField;
     Mem *aMem = pRec->aMem;
     sqlite3 *db = aMem[0].db;
     for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
@@ -71628,10 +72993,12 @@
   db->pVdbe = p;
   p->magic = VDBE_MAGIC_INIT;
   p->pParse = pParse;
+  pParse->pVdbe = p;
   assert( pParse->aLabel==0 );
   assert( pParse->nLabel==0 );
   assert( pParse->nOpAlloc==0 );
   assert( pParse->szOpAlloc==0 );
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Init, 0, 1);
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -71649,16 +73016,14 @@
 /*
 ** Remember the SQL string for a prepared statement.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, int isPrepareV2){
-  assert( isPrepareV2==1 || isPrepareV2==0 );
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, u8 prepFlags){
   if( p==0 ) return;
-  if( !isPrepareV2 ) p->expmask = 0;
-#if defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SQLLOG)
-  if( !isPrepareV2 ) return;
-#endif
+  p->prepFlags = prepFlags;
+  if( (prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)==0 ){
+    p->expmask = 0;
+  }
   assert( p->zSql==0 );
   p->zSql = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, z, n);
-  p->isPrepareV2 = (u8)isPrepareV2;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -71680,8 +73045,10 @@
   zTmp = pA->zSql;
   pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
   pB->zSql = zTmp;
-  pB->isPrepareV2 = pA->isPrepareV2;
   pB->expmask = pA->expmask;
+  pB->prepFlags = pA->prepFlags;
+  memcpy(pB->aCounter, pA->aCounter, sizeof(pB->aCounter));
+  pB->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]++;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -71837,6 +73204,9 @@
 ** "s" character in zTypes[], the register is a string if the argument is
 ** not NULL, or OP_Null if the value is a null pointer.  For each "i" character
 ** in zTypes[], the register is initialized to an integer.
+**
+** If the input string does not end with "X" then an OP_ResultRow instruction
+** is generated for the values inserted.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(Vdbe *p, int iDest, const char *zTypes, ...){
   va_list ap;
@@ -71846,12 +73216,15 @@
   for(i=0; (c = zTypes[i])!=0; i++){
     if( c=='s' ){
       const char *z = va_arg(ap, const char*);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(p, z==0 ? OP_Null : OP_String8, 0, iDest++, 0, z, 0);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(p, z==0 ? OP_Null : OP_String8, 0, iDest+i, 0, z, 0);
+    }else if( c=='i' ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Integer, va_arg(ap, int), iDest+i);
     }else{
-      assert( c=='i' );
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_Integer, va_arg(ap, int), iDest++);
+      goto skip_op_resultrow;
     }
   }
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(p, OP_ResultRow, iDest, i);
+skip_op_resultrow:
   va_end(ap);
 }
 
@@ -72079,7 +73452,8 @@
 **   *  OP_VUpdate
 **   *  OP_VRename
 **   *  OP_FkCounter with P2==0 (immediate foreign key constraint)
-**   *  OP_CreateTable and OP_InitCoroutine (for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT ...)
+**   *  OP_CreateBtree/BTREE_INTKEY and OP_InitCoroutine 
+**      (for CREATE TABLE AS SELECT ...)
 **
 ** Then check that the value of Parse.mayAbort is true if an
 ** ABORT may be thrown, or false otherwise. Return true if it does
@@ -72107,7 +73481,7 @@
       hasAbort = 1;
       break;
     }
-    if( opcode==OP_CreateTable ) hasCreateTable = 1;
+    if( opcode==OP_CreateBtree && pOp->p3==BTREE_INTKEY ) hasCreateTable = 1;
     if( opcode==OP_InitCoroutine ) hasInitCoroutine = 1;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
     if( opcode==OP_FkCounter && pOp->p1==0 && pOp->p2==1 ){
@@ -72186,6 +73560,27 @@
           p->bIsReader = 1;
           break;
         }
+        case OP_Next:
+        case OP_NextIfOpen:
+        case OP_SorterNext: {
+          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreeNext;
+          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
+          /* The code generator never codes any of these opcodes as a jump
+          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a 
+          ** known address */
+          assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
+          break;
+        }
+        case OP_Prev:
+        case OP_PrevIfOpen: {
+          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreePrevious;
+          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
+          /* The code generator never codes any of these opcodes as a jump
+          ** to a label.  They are always coded as a jump backwards to a 
+          ** known address */
+          assert( pOp->p2>=0 );
+          break;
+        }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
         case OP_VUpdate: {
           if( pOp->p2>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = pOp->p2;
@@ -72197,27 +73592,25 @@
           assert( pOp[-1].opcode==OP_Integer );
           n = pOp[-1].p1;
           if( n>nMaxArgs ) nMaxArgs = n;
-          break;
+          /* Fall through into the default case */
         }
 #endif
-        case OP_Next:
-        case OP_NextIfOpen:
-        case OP_SorterNext: {
-          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreeNext;
-          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
-          break;
-        }
-        case OP_Prev:
-        case OP_PrevIfOpen: {
-          pOp->p4.xAdvance = sqlite3BtreePrevious;
-          pOp->p4type = P4_ADVANCE;
+        default: {
+          if( pOp->p2<0 ){
+            /* The mkopcodeh.tcl script has so arranged things that the only
+            ** non-jump opcodes less than SQLITE_MX_JUMP_CODE are guaranteed to
+            ** have non-negative values for P2. */
+            assert( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 );
+            assert( ADDR(pOp->p2)<pParse->nLabel );
+            pOp->p2 = aLabel[ADDR(pOp->p2)];
+          }
           break;
         }
       }
-      if( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode] & OPFLG_JUMP)!=0 && pOp->p2<0 ){
-        assert( ADDR(pOp->p2)<pParse->nLabel );
-        pOp->p2 = aLabel[ADDR(pOp->p2)];
-      }
+      /* The mkopcodeh.tcl script has so arranged things that the only
+      ** non-jump opcodes less than SQLITE_MX_JUMP_CODE are guaranteed to
+      ** have non-negative values for P2. */
+      assert( (sqlite3OpcodeProperty[pOp->opcode]&OPFLG_JUMP)==0 || pOp->p2>=0);
     }
     if( pOp==p->aOp ) break;
     pOp--;
@@ -72433,6 +73826,7 @@
     case P4_REAL:
     case P4_INT64:
     case P4_DYNAMIC:
+    case P4_DYNBLOB:
     case P4_INTARRAY: {
       sqlite3DbFree(db, p4);
       break;
@@ -72475,7 +73869,7 @@
   if( aOp ){
     Op *pOp;
     for(pOp=&aOp[nOp-1]; pOp>=aOp; pOp--){
-      if( pOp->p4type ) freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
+      if( pOp->p4type <= P4_FREE_IF_LE ) freeP4(db, pOp->p4type, pOp->p4.p);
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
       sqlite3DbFree(db, pOp->zComment);
 #endif     
@@ -72890,8 +74284,8 @@
       int j;
       KeyInfo *pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
       assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, "k(%d", pKeyInfo->nField);
-      for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nField; j++){
+      sqlite3XPrintf(&x, "k(%d", pKeyInfo->nKeyField);
+      for(j=0; j<pKeyInfo->nKeyField; j++){
         CollSeq *pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[j];
         const char *zColl = pColl ? pColl->zName : "";
         if( strcmp(zColl, "BINARY")==0 ) zColl = "B";
@@ -72963,7 +74357,7 @@
       int *ai = pOp->p4.ai;
       int n = ai[0];   /* The first element of an INTARRAY is always the
                        ** count of the number of elements to follow */
-      for(i=1; i<n; i++){
+      for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
         sqlite3XPrintf(&x, ",%d", ai[i]);
       }
       zTemp[0] = '[';
@@ -72974,6 +74368,7 @@
       sqlite3XPrintf(&x, "program");
       break;
     }
+    case P4_DYNBLOB:
     case P4_ADVANCE: {
       zTemp[0] = 0;
       break;
@@ -73206,6 +74601,8 @@
   int i;                               /* Loop counter */
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;                  /* Return code */
   Mem *pMem = &p->aMem[1];             /* First Mem of result set */
+  int bListSubprogs = (p->explain==1 || (db->flags & SQLITE_TriggerEQP)!=0);
+  Op *pOp = 0;
 
   assert( p->explain );
   assert( p->magic==VDBE_MAGIC_RUN );
@@ -73218,7 +74615,7 @@
   releaseMemArray(pMem, 8);
   p->pResultSet = 0;
 
-  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT ){
+  if( p->rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
     /* This happens if a malloc() inside a call to sqlite3_column_text() or
     ** sqlite3_column_text16() failed.  */
     sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -73233,7 +74630,7 @@
   ** encountered, but p->pc will eventually catch up to nRow.
   */
   nRow = p->nOp;
-  if( p->explain==1 ){
+  if( bListSubprogs ){
     /* The first 8 memory cells are used for the result set.  So we will
     ** commandeer the 9th cell to use as storage for an array of pointers
     ** to trigger subprograms.  The VDBE is guaranteed to have at least 9
@@ -73253,17 +74650,11 @@
 
   do{
     i = p->pc++;
-  }while( i<nRow && p->explain==2 && p->aOp[i].opcode!=OP_Explain );
-  if( i>=nRow ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    rc = SQLITE_DONE;
-  }else if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
-    p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
-    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-    sqlite3VdbeError(p, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
-  }else{
-    char *zP4;
-    Op *pOp;
+    if( i>=nRow ){
+      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      rc = SQLITE_DONE;
+      break;
+    }
     if( i<p->nOp ){
       /* The output line number is small enough that we are still in the
       ** main program. */
@@ -73278,94 +74669,110 @@
       }
       pOp = &apSub[j]->aOp[i];
     }
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-      pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
-      pMem++;
-  
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode); /* Opcode */
-      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-      pMem++;
 
-      /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
-      ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
-      ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
-      ** has not already been seen.
-      */
-      if( pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
-        int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        int j;
-        for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
-          if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
+    /* When an OP_Program opcode is encounter (the only opcode that has
+    ** a P4_SUBPROGRAM argument), expand the size of the array of subprograms
+    ** kept in p->aMem[9].z to hold the new program - assuming this subprogram
+    ** has not already been seen.
+    */
+    if( bListSubprogs && pOp->p4type==P4_SUBPROGRAM ){
+      int nByte = (nSub+1)*sizeof(SubProgram*);
+      int j;
+      for(j=0; j<nSub; j++){
+        if( apSub[j]==pOp->p4.pProgram ) break;
+      }
+      if( j==nSub ){
+        p->rc = sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, nSub!=0);
+        if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+          break;
         }
-        if( j==nSub && SQLITE_OK==sqlite3VdbeMemGrow(pSub, nByte, nSub!=0) ){
-          apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
-          apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
-          pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
-          pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
-        }
+        apSub = (SubProgram **)pSub->z;
+        apSub[nSub++] = pOp->p4.pProgram;
+        pSub->flags |= MEM_Blob;
+        pSub->n = nSub*sizeof(SubProgram*);
+        nRow += pOp->p4.pProgram->nOp;
       }
     }
+  }while( p->explain==2 && pOp->opcode!=OP_Explain );
 
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
-    pMem++;
-
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
-    pMem++;
-
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
-    pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
-    pMem++;
-
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 100) ){ /* P4 */
-      assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-      return SQLITE_ERROR;
-    }
-    pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-    zP4 = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, pMem->szMalloc);
-    if( zP4!=pMem->z ){
-      pMem->n = 0;
-      sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( db->u1.isInterrupted ){
+      p->rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
+      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      sqlite3VdbeError(p, sqlite3ErrStr(p->rc));
     }else{
-      assert( pMem->z!=0 );
-      pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-    }
-    pMem++;
-
-    if( p->explain==1 ){
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 4) ){
-        assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
-        return SQLITE_ERROR;
+      char *zP4;
+      if( p->explain==1 ){
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+        pMem->u.i = i;                                /* Program counter */
+        pMem++;
+    
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Static|MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
+        pMem->z = (char*)sqlite3OpcodeName(pOp->opcode); /* Opcode */
+        assert( pMem->z!=0 );
+        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+        pMem++;
       }
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->n = 2;
-      sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pMem->u.i = pOp->p1;                          /* P1 */
       pMem++;
-  
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
-      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 500) ){
+
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pMem->u.i = pOp->p2;                          /* P2 */
+      pMem++;
+
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Int;
+      pMem->u.i = pOp->p3;                          /* P3 */
+      pMem++;
+
+      if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 100) ){ /* P4 */
         assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
         return SQLITE_ERROR;
       }
       pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
-      pMem->n = displayComment(pOp, zP4, pMem->z, 500);
-      pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
-#else
-      pMem->flags = MEM_Null;                       /* Comment */
-#endif
-    }
+      zP4 = displayP4(pOp, pMem->z, pMem->szMalloc);
+      if( zP4!=pMem->z ){
+        pMem->n = 0;
+        sqlite3VdbeMemSetStr(pMem, zP4, -1, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+      }else{
+        assert( pMem->z!=0 );
+        pMem->n = sqlite3Strlen30(pMem->z);
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+      }
+      pMem++;
 
-    p->nResColumn = 8 - 4*(p->explain-1);
-    p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];
-    p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
-    rc = SQLITE_ROW;
+      if( p->explain==1 ){
+        if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 4) ){
+          assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
+          return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
+        pMem->n = 2;
+        sqlite3_snprintf(3, pMem->z, "%.2x", pOp->p5);   /* P5 */
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+        pMem++;
+    
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_EXPLAIN_COMMENTS
+        if( sqlite3VdbeMemClearAndResize(pMem, 500) ){
+          assert( p->db->mallocFailed );
+          return SQLITE_ERROR;
+        }
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Str|MEM_Term;
+        pMem->n = displayComment(pOp, zP4, pMem->z, 500);
+        pMem->enc = SQLITE_UTF8;
+#else
+        pMem->flags = MEM_Null;                       /* Comment */
+#endif
+      }
+
+      p->nResColumn = 8 - 4*(p->explain-1);
+      p->pResultSet = &p->aMem[1];
+      p->rc = SQLITE_OK;
+      rc = SQLITE_ROW;
+    }
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -73728,44 +75135,24 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Clean up the VM after a single run.
-*/
-static void Cleanup(Vdbe *p){
-  sqlite3 *db = p->db;
-
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
-  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
-  int i;
-  if( p->apCsr ) for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr[i]==0 );
-  if( p->aMem ){
-    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Undefined );
-  }
-#endif
-
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-  p->zErrMsg = 0;
-  p->pResultSet = 0;
-}
-
-/*
 ** Set the number of result columns that will be returned by this SQL
 ** statement. This is now set at compile time, rather than during
 ** execution of the vdbe program so that sqlite3_column_count() can
 ** be called on an SQL statement before sqlite3_step().
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe *p, int nResColumn){
-  Mem *pColName;
   int n;
   sqlite3 *db = p->db;
 
-  releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
-  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
+  if( p->nResColumn ){
+    releaseMemArray(p->aColName, p->nResColumn*COLNAME_N);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->aColName);
+  }
   n = nResColumn*COLNAME_N;
   p->nResColumn = (u16)nResColumn;
-  p->aColName = pColName = (Mem*)sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(Mem)*n );
+  p->aColName = (Mem*)sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(Mem)*n );
   if( p->aColName==0 ) return;
-  initMemArray(p->aColName, n, p->db, MEM_Null);
+  initMemArray(p->aColName, n, db, MEM_Null);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -73855,6 +75242,7 @@
       pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
       if( db->aDb[i].safety_level!=PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_OFF
        && aMJNeeded[sqlite3PagerGetJournalMode(pPager)]
+       && sqlite3PagerIsMemdb(pPager)==0
       ){ 
         assert( i!=1 );
         nTrans++;
@@ -74415,10 +75803,10 @@
     sqlite3ValueSetStr(db->pErr, -1, p->zErrMsg, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
     db->bBenignMalloc--;
-    db->errCode = rc;
-  }else{
-    sqlite3Error(db, rc);
+  }else if( db->pErr ){
+    sqlite3ValueSetNull(db->pErr);
   }
+  db->errCode = rc;
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -74455,6 +75843,10 @@
 ** VDBE_MAGIC_INIT.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe *p){
+#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(VDBE_PROFILE)
+  int i;
+#endif
+
   sqlite3 *db;
   db = p->db;
 
@@ -74472,8 +75864,6 @@
   if( p->pc>=0 ){
     vdbeInvokeSqllog(p);
     sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = 0;
     if( p->runOnlyOnce ) p->expired = 1;
   }else if( p->rc && p->expired ){
     /* The expired flag was set on the VDBE before the first call
@@ -74481,13 +75871,21 @@
     ** called), set the database error in this case as well.
     */
     sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, p->rc, p->zErrMsg ? "%s" : 0, p->zErrMsg);
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
-    p->zErrMsg = 0;
   }
 
-  /* Reclaim all memory used by the VDBE
+  /* Reset register contents and reclaim error message memory.
   */
-  Cleanup(p);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Execute assert() statements to ensure that the Vdbe.apCsr[] and 
+  ** Vdbe.aMem[] arrays have already been cleaned up.  */
+  if( p->apCsr ) for(i=0; i<p->nCursor; i++) assert( p->apCsr[i]==0 );
+  if( p->aMem ){
+    for(i=0; i<p->nMem; i++) assert( p->aMem[i].flags==MEM_Undefined );
+  }
+#endif
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, p->zErrMsg);
+  p->zErrMsg = 0;
+  p->pResultSet = 0;
 
   /* Save profiling information from this VDBE run.
   */
@@ -74495,7 +75893,6 @@
   {
     FILE *out = fopen("vdbe_profile.out", "a");
     if( out ){
-      int i;
       fprintf(out, "---- ");
       for(i=0; i<p->nOp; i++){
         fprintf(out, "%02x", p->aOp[i].opcode);
@@ -74621,7 +76018,7 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeDelete(Vdbe *p){
   sqlite3 *db;
 
-  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
+  assert( p!=0 );
   db = p->db;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeClearObject(db, p);
@@ -74708,19 +76105,18 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(VdbeCursor **pp, int *piCol){
   VdbeCursor *p = *pp;
-  if( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE ){
-    if( p->deferredMoveto ){
-      int iMap;
-      if( p->aAltMap && (iMap = p->aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 ){
-        *pp = p->pAltCursor;
-        *piCol = iMap - 1;
-        return SQLITE_OK;
-      }
-      return handleDeferredMoveto(p);
+  assert( p->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE || p->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO );
+  if( p->deferredMoveto ){
+    int iMap;
+    if( p->aAltMap && (iMap = p->aAltMap[1+*piCol])>0 ){
+      *pp = p->pAltCursor;
+      *piCol = iMap - 1;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
     }
-    if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){
-      return handleMovedCursor(p);
-    }
+    return handleDeferredMoveto(p);
+  }
+  if( sqlite3BtreeCursorHasMoved(p->uc.pCursor) ){
+    return handleMovedCursor(p);
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
@@ -75018,7 +76414,13 @@
   Mem *pMem                     /* Memory cell to write value into */
 ){
   switch( serial_type ){
-    case 10:   /* Reserved for future use */
+    case 10: { /* Internal use only: NULL with virtual table
+               ** UPDATE no-change flag set */
+      pMem->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Zero;
+      pMem->n = 0;
+      pMem->u.nZero = 0;
+      break;
+    }
     case 11:   /* Reserved for future use */
     case 0: {  /* Null */
       /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-24078-09375 Value is a NULL. */
@@ -75116,13 +76518,13 @@
 ){
   UnpackedRecord *p;              /* Unpacked record to return */
   int nByte;                      /* Number of bytes required for *p */
-  nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nField+1);
+  nByte = ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord)) + sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nKeyField+1);
   p = (UnpackedRecord *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(pKeyInfo->db, nByte);
   if( !p ) return 0;
   p->aMem = (Mem*)&((char*)p)[ROUND8(sizeof(UnpackedRecord))];
   assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
   p->pKeyInfo = pKeyInfo;
-  p->nField = pKeyInfo->nField + 1;
+  p->nField = pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1;
   return p;
 }
 
@@ -75162,7 +76564,7 @@
     pMem++;
     if( (++u)>=p->nField ) break;
   }
-  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nField + 1 );
+  assert( u<=pKeyInfo->nKeyField + 1 );
   p->nField = u;
 }
 
@@ -75211,9 +76613,9 @@
   idx1 = getVarint32(aKey1, szHdr1);
   if( szHdr1>98307 ) return SQLITE_CORRUPT;
   d1 = szHdr1;
-  assert( pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField>=pPKey2->nField || CORRUPT_DB );
+  assert( pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField || CORRUPT_DB );
   assert( pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
-  assert( pKeyInfo->nField>0 );
+  assert( pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
   assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   do{
     u32 serial_type1;
@@ -75275,12 +76677,12 @@
 /*
 ** Count the number of fields (a.k.a. columns) in the record given by
 ** pKey,nKey.  The verify that this count is less than or equal to the
-** limit given by pKeyInfo->nField + pKeyInfo->nXField.
+** limit given by pKeyInfo->nAllField.
 **
 ** If this constraint is not satisfied, it means that the high-speed
 ** vdbeRecordCompareInt() and vdbeRecordCompareString() routines will
 ** not work correctly.  If this assert() ever fires, it probably means
-** that the KeyInfo.nField or KeyInfo.nXField values were computed
+** that the KeyInfo.nKeyField or KeyInfo.nAllField values were computed
 ** incorrectly.
 */
 static void vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(
@@ -75301,7 +76703,7 @@
     idx += getVarint32(aKey+idx, notUsed);
     nField++;
   }
-  assert( nField <= pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField );
+  assert( nField <= pKeyInfo->nAllField );
 }
 #else
 # define vdbeAssertFieldCountWithinLimits(A,B,C)
@@ -75326,7 +76728,6 @@
   }else{
     int rc;
     const void *v1, *v2;
-    int n1, n2;
     Mem c1;
     Mem c2;
     sqlite3VdbeMemInit(&c1, pMem1->db, MEM_Null);
@@ -75334,11 +76735,13 @@
     sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c1, pMem1, MEM_Ephem);
     sqlite3VdbeMemShallowCopy(&c2, pMem2, MEM_Ephem);
     v1 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c1, pColl->enc);
-    n1 = v1==0 ? 0 : c1.n;
     v2 = sqlite3ValueText((sqlite3_value*)&c2, pColl->enc);
-    n2 = v2==0 ? 0 : c2.n;
-    rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, n1, v1, n2, v2);
-    if( (v1==0 || v2==0) && prcErr ) *prcErr = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+    if( (v1==0 || v2==0) ){
+      if( prcErr ) *prcErr = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      rc = 0;
+    }else{
+      rc = pColl->xCmp(pColl->pUser, c1.n, v1, c2.n, v2);
+    }
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c1);
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&c2);
     return rc;
@@ -75605,10 +77008,10 @@
   }
 
   VVA_ONLY( mem1.szMalloc = 0; ) /* Only needed by assert() statements */
-  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField+pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nXField>=pPKey2->nField 
+  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nAllField>=pPKey2->nField 
        || CORRUPT_DB );
   assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder!=0 );
-  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nField>0 );
+  assert( pPKey2->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>0 );
   assert( idx1<=szHdr1 || CORRUPT_DB );
   do{
     u32 serial_type;
@@ -75941,7 +77344,7 @@
   ** The easiest way to enforce this limit is to consider only records with
   ** 13 fields or less. If the first field is an integer, the maximum legal
   ** header size is (12*5 + 1 + 1) bytes.  */
-  if( (p->pKeyInfo->nField + p->pKeyInfo->nXField)<=13 ){
+  if( p->pKeyInfo->nAllField<=13 ){
     int flags = p->aMem[0].flags;
     if( p->pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[0] ){
       p->r1 = 1;
@@ -76124,6 +77527,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the SQLITE_PREPARE flags for a Vdbe.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe *v){
+  return v->prepFlags;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Return a pointer to an sqlite3_value structure containing the value bound
 ** parameter iVar of VM v. Except, if the value is an SQL NULL, return 
 ** 0 instead. Unless it is NULL, apply affinity aff (one of the SQLITE_AFF_*
@@ -76135,6 +77545,7 @@
   assert( iVar>0 );
   if( v ){
     Mem *pMem = &v->aVar[iVar-1];
+    assert( (v->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 );
     if( 0==(pMem->flags & MEM_Null) ){
       sqlite3_value *pRet = sqlite3ValueNew(v->db);
       if( pRet ){
@@ -76154,6 +77565,7 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe *v, int iVar){
   assert( iVar>0 );
+  assert( (v->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 );
   if( iVar>=32 ){
     v->expmask |= 0x80000000;
   }else{
@@ -76161,6 +77573,28 @@
   }
 }
 
+/*
+** Cause a function to throw an error if it was call from OP_PureFunc
+** rather than OP_Function.
+**
+** OP_PureFunc means that the function must be deterministic, and should
+** throw an error if it is given inputs that would make it non-deterministic.
+** This routine is invoked by date/time functions that use non-deterministic
+** features such as 'now'.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NotPureFunc(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
+  if( pCtx->pVdbe==0 ) return 1;
+#endif
+  if( pCtx->pVdbe->aOp[pCtx->iOp].opcode==OP_PureFunc ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, 
+       "non-deterministic function in index expression or CHECK constraint",
+       -1);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /*
 ** Transfer error message text from an sqlite3_vtab.zErrMsg (text stored
@@ -76245,7 +77679,7 @@
   preupdate.iNewReg = iReg;
   preupdate.keyinfo.db = db;
   preupdate.keyinfo.enc = ENC(db);
-  preupdate.keyinfo.nField = pTab->nCol;
+  preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField = pTab->nCol;
   preupdate.keyinfo.aSortOrder = (u8*)&fakeSortOrder;
   preupdate.iKey1 = iKey1;
   preupdate.iKey2 = iKey2;
@@ -76255,8 +77689,8 @@
   db->xPreUpdateCallback(db->pPreUpdateArg, db, op, zDb, zTbl, iKey1, iKey2);
   db->pPreUpdate = 0;
   sqlite3DbFree(db, preupdate.aRecord);
-  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nField+1, preupdate.pUnpacked);
-  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nField+1, preupdate.pNewUnpacked);
+  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField+1, preupdate.pUnpacked);
+  vdbeFreeUnpacked(db, preupdate.keyinfo.nKeyField+1, preupdate.pNewUnpacked);
   if( preupdate.aNew ){
     int i;
     for(i=0; i<pCsr->nField; i++){
@@ -76425,7 +77859,7 @@
     sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&p->aVar[i]);
     p->aVar[i].flags = MEM_Null;
   }
-  assert( p->isPrepareV2 || p->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || p->expmask==0 );
   if( p->expmask ){
     p->expired = 1;
   }
@@ -76470,10 +77904,18 @@
   Mem *pMem = (Mem*)pVal;
   return ((pMem->flags & MEM_Subtype) ? pMem->eSubtype : 0);
 }
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value *pVal, const char *zPType){
   Mem *p = (Mem*)pVal;
-  if( (p->flags&(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Ptr))==(MEM_Null|MEM_Ptr) ) return p->u.pPtr;
-  return 0;
+  if( (p->flags&(MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype)) ==
+                 (MEM_Null|MEM_Term|MEM_Subtype)
+   && zPType!=0
+   && p->eSubtype=='p'
+   && strcmp(p->u.zPType, zPType)==0
+  ){
+    return (void*)p->z;
+  }else{
+    return 0;
+  }
 }
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value *pVal){
   return (const unsigned char *)sqlite3ValueText(pVal, SQLITE_UTF8);
@@ -76531,6 +77973,11 @@
   return aType[pVal->flags&MEM_AffMask];
 }
 
+/* Return true if a parameter to xUpdate represents an unchanged column */
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+  return (pVal->flags&(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero))==(MEM_Null|MEM_Zero);
+}
+
 /* Make a copy of an sqlite3_value object
 */
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_value_dup(const sqlite3_value *pOrig){
@@ -76649,17 +78096,22 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pCtx->pOut, iVal);
 }
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context *pCtx, void *pPtr){
-  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
-  sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
-  assert( (pCtx->pOut->flags & (MEM_TypeMask|MEM_Ptr))==MEM_Null );
-  pCtx->pOut->flags |= MEM_Ptr;
-  pCtx->pOut->u.pPtr = pPtr;
-}
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context *pCtx){
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pCtx->pOut->db->mutex) );
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pCtx->pOut);
 }
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
+  void *pPtr,
+  const char *zPType,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+){
+  Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
+  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
+  sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(pOut);
+  pOut->flags = MEM_Null;
+  sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(pOut, pPtr, zPType, xDestructor);
+}
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_subtype(sqlite3_context *pCtx, unsigned int eSubtype){
   Mem *pOut = pCtx->pOut;
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(pOut->db->mutex) );
@@ -76782,7 +78234,7 @@
       sqlite3BtreeEnter(pBt);
       nEntry = sqlite3PagerWalCallback(sqlite3BtreePager(pBt));
       sqlite3BtreeLeave(pBt);
-      if( db->xWalCallback && nEntry>0 && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      if( nEntry>0 && db->xWalCallback && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         rc = db->xWalCallback(db->pWalArg, db, db->aDb[i].zDbSName, nEntry);
       }
     }
@@ -76892,7 +78344,7 @@
   if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ) checkProfileCallback(db, p);
 #endif
 
-  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE && db->autoCommit ){
     assert( p->rc==SQLITE_OK );
     p->rc = doWalCallbacks(db);
     if( p->rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -76916,8 +78368,11 @@
        || (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
   );
   assert( (p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) || p->rc==p->rcApp );
-  if( p->isPrepareV2 && rc!=SQLITE_ROW && rc!=SQLITE_DONE ){
-    /* If this statement was prepared using sqlite3_prepare_v2(), and an
+  if( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 
+   && rc!=SQLITE_ROW 
+   && rc!=SQLITE_DONE 
+  ){
+    /* If this statement was prepared using saved SQL and an 
     ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
     ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
     */ 
@@ -76933,7 +78388,6 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;      /* Result from sqlite3Step() */
-  int rc2 = SQLITE_OK;     /* Result from sqlite3Reprepare() */
   Vdbe *v = (Vdbe*)pStmt;  /* the prepared statement */
   int cnt = 0;             /* Counter to prevent infinite loop of reprepares */
   sqlite3 *db;             /* The database connection */
@@ -76947,32 +78401,31 @@
   while( (rc = sqlite3Step(v))==SQLITE_SCHEMA
          && cnt++ < SQLITE_MAX_SCHEMA_RETRY ){
     int savedPc = v->pc;
-    rc2 = rc = sqlite3Reprepare(v);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK) break;
+    rc = sqlite3Reprepare(v);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
+      ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
+      ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
+      ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
+      ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
+      ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
+      ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().
+      */
+      const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr); 
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, v->zErrMsg);
+      if( !db->mallocFailed ){
+        v->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zErr);
+        v->rc = rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
+      } else {
+        v->zErrMsg = 0;
+        v->rc = rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
     sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
     if( savedPc>=0 ) v->doingRerun = 1;
     assert( v->expired==0 );
   }
-  if( rc2!=SQLITE_OK ){
-    /* This case occurs after failing to recompile an sql statement. 
-    ** The error message from the SQL compiler has already been loaded 
-    ** into the database handle. This block copies the error message 
-    ** from the database handle into the statement and sets the statement
-    ** program counter to 0 to ensure that when the statement is 
-    ** finalized or reset the parser error message is available via
-    ** sqlite3_errmsg() and sqlite3_errcode().
-    */
-    const char *zErr = (const char *)sqlite3_value_text(db->pErr); 
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, v->zErrMsg);
-    if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-      v->zErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zErr);
-      v->rc = rc2;
-    } else {
-      v->zErrMsg = 0;
-      v->rc = rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    }
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
 }
@@ -77003,6 +78456,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** If this routine is invoked from within an xColumn method of a virtual
+** table, then it returns true if and only if the the call is during an
+** UPDATE operation and the value of the column will not be modified
+** by the UPDATE.
+**
+** If this routine is called from any context other than within the
+** xColumn method of a virtual table, then the return value is meaningless
+** and arbitrary.
+**
+** Virtual table implements might use this routine to optimize their
+** performance by substituting a NULL result, or some other light-weight
+** value, as a signal to the xUpdate routine that the column is unchanged.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context *p){
+  assert( p );
+  return sqlite3_value_nochange(p->pOut);
+}
+
+/*
 ** Return the current time for a statement.  If the current time
 ** is requested more than once within the same run of a single prepared
 ** statement, the exact same time is returned for each invocation regardless
@@ -77556,7 +79028,7 @@
   ** as if there had been a schema change, on the first sqlite3_step() call
   ** following any change to the bindings of that parameter.
   */
-  assert( p->isPrepareV2 || p->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || p->expmask==0 );
   if( p->expmask!=0 && (p->expmask & (i>=31 ? 0x80000000 : (u32)1<<i))!=0 ){
     p->expired = 1;
   }
@@ -77586,8 +79058,10 @@
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK && encoding!=0 ){
         rc = sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pVar, ENC(p->db));
       }
-      sqlite3Error(p->db, rc);
-      rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, rc);
+      if( rc ){
+        sqlite3Error(p->db, rc);
+        rc = sqlite3ApiExit(p->db, rc);
+      }
     }
     sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
   }else if( xDel!=SQLITE_STATIC && xDel!=SQLITE_TRANSIENT ){
@@ -77658,6 +79132,24 @@
   }
   return rc;
 }
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt,
+  int i,
+  void *pPtr,
+  const char *zPTtype,
+  void (*xDestructor)(void*)
+){
+  int rc;
+  Vdbe *p = (Vdbe*)pStmt;
+  rc = vdbeUnbind(p, i);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetPointer(&p->aVar[i-1], pPtr, zPTtype, xDestructor);
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->db->mutex);
+  }else if( xDestructor ){
+    xDestructor(pPtr);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text( 
   sqlite3_stmt *pStmt, 
   int i, 
@@ -77820,11 +79312,11 @@
   if( pFrom->nVar!=pTo->nVar ){
     return SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  assert( pTo->isPrepareV2 || pTo->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (pTo->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || pTo->expmask==0 );
   if( pTo->expmask ){
     pTo->expired = 1;
   }
-  assert( pFrom->isPrepareV2 || pFrom->expmask==0 );
+  assert( (pFrom->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || pFrom->expmask==0 );
   if( pFrom->expmask ){
     pFrom->expired = 1;
   }
@@ -77894,8 +79386,19 @@
     return 0;
   }
 #endif
-  v = pVdbe->aCounter[op];
-  if( resetFlag ) pVdbe->aCounter[op] = 0;
+  if( op==SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED ){
+    sqlite3 *db = pVdbe->db;
+    sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
+    v = 0;
+    db->pnBytesFreed = (int*)&v;
+    sqlite3VdbeClearObject(db, pVdbe);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pVdbe);
+    db->pnBytesFreed = 0;
+    sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
+  }else{
+    v = pVdbe->aCounter[op];
+    if( resetFlag ) pVdbe->aCounter[op] = 0;
+  }
   return (int)v;
 }
 
@@ -77947,7 +79450,7 @@
 
   pRet = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pKeyInfo);
   if( pRet ){
-    memset(pRet->aMem, 0, sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nField+1));
+    memset(pRet->aMem, 0, sizeof(Mem)*(pKeyInfo->nKeyField+1));
     sqlite3VdbeRecordUnpack(pKeyInfo, nKey, pKey, pRet);
   }
   return pRet;
@@ -78020,7 +79523,7 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_preupdate_count(sqlite3 *db){
   PreUpdate *p = db->pPreUpdate;
-  return (p ? p->keyinfo.nField : 0);
+  return (p ? p->keyinfo.nKeyField : 0);
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK */
 
@@ -78273,7 +79776,7 @@
   Mem *pVar;               /* Value of a host parameter */
   StrAccum out;            /* Accumulate the output here */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
-  Mem utf8;                /* Used to convert UTF16 parameters into UTF8 for display */
+  Mem utf8;                /* Used to convert UTF16 into UTF8 for display */
 #endif
   char zBase[100];         /* Initial working space */
 
@@ -78742,7 +80245,7 @@
   if( sqlite3AtoF(pMem->z, &pMem->u.r, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
-  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( sqlite3Atoi64(pMem->z, &pMem->u.i, pMem->n, pMem->enc)==0 ){
     return MEM_Int;
   }
   return MEM_Real;
@@ -78852,7 +80355,7 @@
   if( p->flags & MEM_Undefined ){
     printf(" undefined");
   }else if( p->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    printf(" NULL");
+    printf(p->flags & MEM_Zero ? " NULL-nochng" : " NULL");
   }else if( (p->flags & (MEM_Int|MEM_Str))==(MEM_Int|MEM_Str) ){
     printf(" si:%lld", p->u.i);
   }else if( p->flags & MEM_Int ){
@@ -79050,7 +80553,7 @@
   int iCompare = 0;          /* Result of last comparison */
   unsigned nVmStep = 0;      /* Number of virtual machine steps */
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
-  unsigned nProgressLimit = 0;/* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
+  unsigned nProgressLimit;   /* Invoke xProgress() when nVmStep reaches this */
 #endif
   Mem *aMem = p->aMem;       /* Copy of p->aMem */
   Mem *pIn1 = 0;             /* 1st input operand */
@@ -79082,6 +80585,8 @@
     u32 iPrior = p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP];
     assert( 0 < db->nProgressOps );
     nProgressLimit = db->nProgressOps - (iPrior % db->nProgressOps);
+  }else{
+    nProgressLimit = 0xffffffff;
   }
 #endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
@@ -79259,7 +80764,7 @@
   ** If the progress callback returns non-zero, exit the virtual machine with
   ** a return code SQLITE_ABORT.
   */
-  if( db->xProgress!=0 && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit ){
+  if( nVmStep>=nProgressLimit && db->xProgress!=0 ){
     assert( db->nProgressOps!=0 );
     nProgressLimit = nVmStep + db->nProgressOps - (nVmStep%db->nProgressOps);
     if( db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg) ){
@@ -79801,7 +81306,7 @@
   /* Run the progress counter just before returning.
   */
   if( db->xProgress!=0
-   && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit
+   && nVmStep>=nProgressLimit 
    && db->xProgress(db->pProgressArg)!=0
   ){
     rc = SQLITE_INTERRUPT;
@@ -80065,117 +81570,6 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Function0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
-**
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef object that
-** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
-** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
-** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
-**
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
-** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
-** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
-** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
-** invocation of this opcode.
-**
-** See also: Function, AggStep, AggFinal
-*/
-/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
-** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
-**
-** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object that
-** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with P5 arguments taken
-** from register P2 and successors.  The result of the function is stored
-** in register P3.  Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
-**
-** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
-** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
-** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
-** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
-** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
-** invocation of this opcode.
-**
-** SQL functions are initially coded as OP_Function0 with P4 pointing
-** to a FuncDef object.  But on first evaluation, the P4 operand is
-** automatically converted into an sqlite3_context object and the operation
-** changed to this OP_Function opcode.  In this way, the initialization of
-** the sqlite3_context object occurs only once, rather than once for each
-** evaluation of the function.
-**
-** See also: Function0, AggStep, AggFinal
-*/
-case OP_Function0: {
-  int n;
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF );
-  n = pOp->p5;
-  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
-  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1) );
-  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
-  pCtx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(*pCtx) + (n-1)*sizeof(sqlite3_value*));
-  if( pCtx==0 ) goto no_mem;
-  pCtx->pOut = 0;
-  pCtx->pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
-  pCtx->iOp = (int)(pOp - aOp);
-  pCtx->pVdbe = p;
-  pCtx->argc = n;
-  pOp->p4type = P4_FUNCCTX;
-  pOp->p4.pCtx = pCtx;
-  pOp->opcode = OP_Function;
-  /* Fall through into OP_Function */
-}
-case OP_Function: {
-  int i;
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
-
-  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCCTX );
-  pCtx = pOp->p4.pCtx;
-
-  /* If this function is inside of a trigger, the register array in aMem[]
-  ** might change from one evaluation to the next.  The next block of code
-  ** checks to see if the register array has changed, and if so it
-  ** reinitializes the relavant parts of the sqlite3_context object */
-  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
-  if( pCtx->pOut != pOut ){
-    pCtx->pOut = pOut;
-    for(i=pCtx->argc-1; i>=0; i--) pCtx->argv[i] = &aMem[pOp->p2+i];
-  }
-
-  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  for(i=0; i<pCtx->argc; i++){
-    assert( memIsValid(pCtx->argv[i]) );
-    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+i, pCtx->argv[i]);
-  }
-#endif
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
-  pCtx->fErrorOrAux = 0;
-  (*pCtx->pFunc->xSFunc)(pCtx, pCtx->argc, pCtx->argv);/* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
-
-  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
-  if( pCtx->fErrorOrAux ){
-    if( pCtx->isError ){
-      sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pOut));
-      rc = pCtx->isError;
-    }
-    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(db, &p->pAuxData, pCtx->iOp, pOp->p1);
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  }
-
-  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
-  if( pOut->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding);
-    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ) goto too_big;
-  }
-
-  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
-  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
-  break;
-}
-
 /* Opcode: BitAnd P1 P2 P3 * *
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=r[P1]&r[P2]
 **
@@ -80541,13 +81935,23 @@
     res = sqlite3MemCompare(pIn3, pIn1, pOp->p4.pColl);
   }
 compare_op:
-  switch( pOp->opcode ){
-    case OP_Eq:    res2 = res==0;     break;
-    case OP_Ne:    res2 = res;        break;
-    case OP_Lt:    res2 = res<0;      break;
-    case OP_Le:    res2 = res<=0;     break;
-    case OP_Gt:    res2 = res>0;      break;
-    default:       res2 = res>=0;     break;
+  /* At this point, res is negative, zero, or positive if reg[P1] is
+  ** less than, equal to, or greater than reg[P3], respectively.  Compute
+  ** the answer to this operator in res2, depending on what the comparison
+  ** operator actually is.  The next block of code depends on the fact
+  ** that the 6 comparison operators are consecutive integers in this
+  ** order:  NE, EQ, GT, LE, LT, GE */
+  assert( OP_Eq==OP_Ne+1 ); assert( OP_Gt==OP_Ne+2 ); assert( OP_Le==OP_Ne+3 );
+  assert( OP_Lt==OP_Ne+4 ); assert( OP_Ge==OP_Ne+5 );
+  if( res<0 ){                        /* ne, eq, gt, le, lt, ge */
+    static const unsigned char aLTb[] = { 1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0 };
+    res2 = aLTb[pOp->opcode - OP_Ne];
+  }else if( res==0 ){
+    static const unsigned char aEQb[] = { 0,  1,  0,  1,  0,  1 };
+    res2 = aEQb[pOp->opcode - OP_Ne];
+  }else{
+    static const unsigned char aGTb[] = { 1,  0,  1,  0,  0,  1 };
+    res2 = aGTb[pOp->opcode - OP_Ne];
   }
 
   /* Undo any changes made by applyAffinity() to the input registers. */
@@ -80559,7 +81963,6 @@
   if( pOp->p5 & SQLITE_STOREP2 ){
     pOut = &aMem[pOp->p2];
     iCompare = res;
-    res2 = res2!=0;  /* For this path res2 must be exactly 0 or 1 */
     if( (pOp->p5 & SQLITE_KEEPNULL)!=0 ){
       /* The KEEPNULL flag prevents OP_Eq from overwriting a NULL with 1
       ** and prevents OP_Ne from overwriting NULL with 0.  This flag
@@ -80690,7 +82093,7 @@
     assert( memIsValid(&aMem[p2+idx]) );
     REGISTER_TRACE(p1+idx, &aMem[p1+idx]);
     REGISTER_TRACE(p2+idx, &aMem[p2+idx]);
-    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nField );
+    assert( i<pKeyInfo->nKeyField );
     pColl = pKeyInfo->aColl[i];
     bRev = pKeyInfo->aSortOrder[i];
     iCompare = sqlite3MemCompare(&aMem[p1+idx], &aMem[p2+idx], pColl);
@@ -80926,6 +82329,36 @@
   break;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+/* Opcode: Offset P1 P2 P3 * *
+** Synopsis: r[P3] = sqlite_offset(P1)
+**
+** Store in register r[P3] the byte offset into the database file that is the
+** start of the payload for the record at which that cursor P1 is currently
+** pointing.
+**
+** P2 is the column number for the argument to the sqlite_offset() function.
+** This opcode does not use P2 itself, but the P2 value is used by the
+** code generator.  The P1, P2, and P3 operands to this opcode are the
+** as as for OP_Column.
+**
+** This opcode is only available if SQLite is compiled with the
+** -DSQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC option.
+*/
+case OP_Offset: {          /* out3 */
+  VdbeCursor *pC;    /* The VDBE cursor */
+  assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
+  pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
+  pOut = &p->aMem[pOp->p3];
+  if( NEVER(pC==0) || pC->eCurType!=CURTYPE_BTREE ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pOut);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetInt64(pOut, sqlite3BtreeOffset(pC->uc.pCursor));
+  }
+  break;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC */
+
 /* Opcode: Column P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=PX
 **
@@ -80963,16 +82396,16 @@
   const u8 *zData;   /* Part of the record being decoded */
   const u8 *zHdr;    /* Next unparsed byte of the header */
   const u8 *zEndHdr; /* Pointer to first byte after the header */
-  u32 offset;        /* Offset into the data */
   u64 offset64;      /* 64-bit offset */
-  u32 avail;         /* Number of bytes of available data */
   u32 t;             /* A type code from the record header */
   Mem *pReg;         /* PseudoTable input register */
 
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   p2 = pOp->p2;
 
-  /* If the cursor cache is stale, bring it up-to-date */
+  /* If the cursor cache is stale (meaning it is not currently point at
+  ** the correct row) then bring it up-to-date by doing the necessary 
+  ** B-Tree seek. */
   rc = sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto(&pC, &p2);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
 
@@ -80990,11 +82423,13 @@
   if( pC->cacheStatus!=p->cacheCtr ){                /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
     if( pC->nullRow ){
       if( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_PSEUDO ){
-        assert( pC->uc.pseudoTableReg>0 );
-        pReg = &aMem[pC->uc.pseudoTableReg];
+        /* For the special case of as pseudo-cursor, the seekResult field
+        ** identifies the register that holds the record */
+        assert( pC->seekResult>0 );
+        pReg = &aMem[pC->seekResult];
         assert( pReg->flags & MEM_Blob );
         assert( memIsValid(pReg) );
-        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = avail = pReg->n;
+        pC->payloadSize = pC->szRow = pReg->n;
         pC->aRow = (u8*)pReg->z;
       }else{
         sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
@@ -81006,23 +82441,19 @@
       assert( pCrsr );
       assert( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValid(pCrsr) );
       pC->payloadSize = sqlite3BtreePayloadSize(pCrsr);
-      pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCrsr, &avail);
-      assert( avail<=65536 );  /* Maximum page size is 64KiB */
-      if( pC->payloadSize <= (u32)avail ){
-        pC->szRow = pC->payloadSize;
-      }else if( pC->payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
+      pC->aRow = sqlite3BtreePayloadFetch(pCrsr, &pC->szRow);
+      assert( pC->szRow<=pC->payloadSize );
+      assert( pC->szRow<=65536 );  /* Maximum page size is 64KiB */
+      if( pC->payloadSize > (u32)db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_LENGTH] ){
         goto too_big;
-      }else{
-        pC->szRow = avail;
       }
     }
     pC->cacheStatus = p->cacheCtr;
-    pC->iHdrOffset = getVarint32(pC->aRow, offset);
+    pC->iHdrOffset = getVarint32(pC->aRow, aOffset[0]);
     pC->nHdrParsed = 0;
-    aOffset[0] = offset;
 
 
-    if( avail<offset ){      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
+    if( pC->szRow<aOffset[0] ){      /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-FALSE*/
       /* pC->aRow does not have to hold the entire row, but it does at least
       ** need to cover the header of the record.  If pC->aRow does not contain
       ** the complete header, then set it to zero, forcing the header to be
@@ -81039,17 +82470,26 @@
       ** 3-byte type for each of the maximum of 32768 columns plus three
       ** extra bytes for the header length itself.  32768*3 + 3 = 98307.
       */
-      if( offset > 98307 || offset > pC->payloadSize ){
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
+      if( aOffset[0] > 98307 || aOffset[0] > pC->payloadSize ){
+        goto op_column_corrupt;
       }
-    }else if( offset>0 ){ /*OPTIMIZATION-IF-TRUE*/
-      /* The following goto is an optimization.  It can be omitted and
-      ** everything will still work.  But OP_Column is measurably faster
-      ** by skipping the subsequent conditional, which is always true.
+    }else{
+      /* This is an optimization.  By skipping over the first few tests
+      ** (ex: pC->nHdrParsed<=p2) in the next section, we achieve a
+      ** measurable performance gain.
+      **
+      ** This branch is taken even if aOffset[0]==0.  Such a record is never
+      ** generated by SQLite, and could be considered corruption, but we
+      ** accept it for historical reasons.  When aOffset[0]==0, the code this
+      ** branch jumps to reads past the end of the record, but never more
+      ** than a few bytes.  Even if the record occurs at the end of the page
+      ** content area, the "page header" comes after the page content and so
+      ** this overread is harmless.  Similar overreads can occur for a corrupt
+      ** database file.
       */
       zData = pC->aRow;
       assert( pC->nHdrParsed<=p2 );         /* Conditional skipped */
+      testcase( aOffset[0]==0 );
       goto op_column_read_header;
     }
   }
@@ -81078,6 +82518,7 @@
       offset64 = aOffset[i];
       zHdr = zData + pC->iHdrOffset;
       zEndHdr = zData + aOffset[0];
+      testcase( zHdr>=zEndHdr );
       do{
         if( (t = zHdr[0])<0x80 ){
           zHdr++;
@@ -81098,9 +82539,13 @@
       if( (zHdr>=zEndHdr && (zHdr>zEndHdr || offset64!=pC->payloadSize))
        || (offset64 > pC->payloadSize)
       ){
-        if( pC->aRow==0 ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
-        rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
-        goto abort_due_to_error;
+        if( aOffset[0]==0 ){
+          i = 0;
+          zHdr = zEndHdr;
+        }else{
+          if( pC->aRow==0 ) sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&sMem);
+          goto op_column_corrupt;
+        }
       }
 
       pC->nHdrParsed = i;
@@ -81194,6 +82639,15 @@
   UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pDest);
   REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pDest);
   break;
+
+op_column_corrupt:
+  if( aOp[0].p3>0 ){
+    pOp = &aOp[aOp[0].p3-1];
+    break;
+  }else{
+    rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
+    goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
 }
 
 /* Opcode: Affinity P1 P2 * P4 *
@@ -81318,9 +82772,18 @@
   pRec = pLast;
   do{
     assert( memIsValid(pRec) );
-    pRec->uTemp = serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
+    serial_type = sqlite3VdbeSerialType(pRec, file_format, &len);
     if( pRec->flags & MEM_Zero ){
-      if( nData ){
+      if( serial_type==0 ){
+        /* Values with MEM_Null and MEM_Zero are created by xColumn virtual
+        ** table methods that never invoke sqlite3_result_xxxxx() while
+        ** computing an unchanging column value in an UPDATE statement.
+        ** Give such values a special internal-use-only serial-type of 10
+        ** so that they can be passed through to xUpdate and have
+        ** a true sqlite3_value_nochange(). */
+        assert( pOp->p5==OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC || CORRUPT_DB );
+        serial_type = 10;
+      }else if( nData ){
         if( sqlite3VdbeMemExpandBlob(pRec) ) goto no_mem;
       }else{
         nZero += pRec->u.nZero;
@@ -81331,6 +82794,7 @@
     testcase( serial_type==127 );
     testcase( serial_type==128 );
     nHdr += serial_type<=127 ? 1 : sqlite3VarintLen(serial_type);
+    pRec->uTemp = serial_type;
     if( pRec==pData0 ) break;
     pRec--;
   }while(1);
@@ -81534,7 +82998,7 @@
         int isSchemaChange;
         iSavepoint = db->nSavepoint - iSavepoint - 1;
         if( p1==SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK ){
-          isSchemaChange = (db->flags & SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0;
+          isSchemaChange = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0;
           for(ii=0; ii<db->nDb; ii++){
             rc = sqlite3BtreeTripAllCursors(db->aDb[ii].pBt,
                                        SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK,
@@ -81553,7 +83017,7 @@
         if( isSchemaChange ){
           sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
           sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
-          db->flags = (db->flags | SQLITE_InternChanges);
+          db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
         }
       }
   
@@ -81833,7 +83297,7 @@
   if( pOp->p2==BTREE_SCHEMA_VERSION ){
     /* When the schema cookie changes, record the new cookie internally */
     pDb->pSchema->schema_cookie = pOp->p3;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   }else if( pOp->p2==BTREE_FILE_FORMAT ){
     /* Record changes in the file format */
     pDb->pSchema->file_format = pOp->p3;
@@ -81972,7 +83436,7 @@
     assert( (pIn2->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
     sqlite3VdbeMemIntegerify(pIn2);
     p2 = (int)pIn2->u.i;
-    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateTable opcode and
+    /* The p2 value always comes from a prior OP_CreateBtree opcode and
     ** that opcode will always set the p2 value to 2 or more or else fail.
     ** If there were a failure, the prepared statement would have halted
     ** before reaching this instruction. */
@@ -81982,7 +83446,7 @@
     pKeyInfo = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
     assert( pKeyInfo->enc==ENC(db) );
     assert( pKeyInfo->db==db );
-    nField = pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField;
+    nField = pKeyInfo->nAllField;
   }else if( pOp->p4type==P4_INT32 ){
     nField = pOp->p4.i;
   }
@@ -82193,8 +83657,13 @@
   pCx = allocateCursor(p, pOp->p1, pOp->p3, -1, CURTYPE_PSEUDO);
   if( pCx==0 ) goto no_mem;
   pCx->nullRow = 1;
-  pCx->uc.pseudoTableReg = pOp->p2;
+  pCx->seekResult = pOp->p2;
   pCx->isTable = 1;
+  /* Give this pseudo-cursor a fake BtCursor pointer so that pCx
+  ** can be safely passed to sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto().  This avoids a test
+  ** for pCx->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE inside of sqlite3VdbeCursorMoveto()
+  ** which is a performance optimization */
+  pCx->uc.pCursor = sqlite3BtreeFakeValidCursor();
   assert( pOp->p5==0 );
   break;
 }
@@ -82454,8 +83923,15 @@
   if( oc>=OP_SeekGE ){  assert( oc==OP_SeekGE || oc==OP_SeekGT );
     if( res<0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekGT) ){
       res = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+      rc = sqlite3BtreeNext(pC->uc.pCursor, 0);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          res = 1;
+        }else{
+          goto abort_due_to_error;
+        }
+      }
     }else{
       res = 0;
     }
@@ -82463,8 +83939,15 @@
     assert( oc==OP_SeekLT || oc==OP_SeekLE );
     if( res>0 || (res==0 && oc==OP_SeekLT) ){
       res = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
-      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+      rc = sqlite3BtreePrevious(pC->uc.pCursor, 0);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
+        if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+          rc = SQLITE_OK;
+          res = 1;
+        }else{
+          goto abort_due_to_error;
+        }
+      }
     }else{
       /* res might be negative because the table is empty.  Check to
       ** see if this is the case.
@@ -82922,10 +84405,8 @@
   int seekResult;   /* Result of prior seek or 0 if no USESEEKRESULT flag */
   const char *zDb;  /* database name - used by the update hook */
   Table *pTab;      /* Table structure - used by update and pre-update hooks */
-  int op;           /* Opcode for update hook: SQLITE_UPDATE or SQLITE_INSERT */
   BtreePayload x;   /* Payload to be inserted */
 
-  op = 0;
   pData = &aMem[pOp->p2];
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   assert( memIsValid(pData) );
@@ -82953,33 +84434,30 @@
     zDb = db->aDb[pC->iDb].zDbSName;
     pTab = pOp->p4.pTab;
     assert( (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISNOOP) || HasRowid(pTab) );
-    op = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT);
   }else{
-    pTab = 0; /* Not needed.  Silence a compiler warning. */
+    pTab = 0;
     zDb = 0;  /* Not needed.  Silence a compiler warning. */
   }
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
   /* Invoke the pre-update hook, if any */
-  if( db->xPreUpdateCallback 
-   && pOp->p4type==P4_TABLE
-   && !(pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE)
-  ){
-    sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(p, pC, SQLITE_INSERT, zDb, pTab, x.nKey, pOp->p2);
+  if( pTab ){
+    if( db->xPreUpdateCallback && !(pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ){
+      sqlite3VdbePreUpdateHook(p, pC, SQLITE_INSERT, zDb, pTab, x.nKey,pOp->p2);
+    }
+    if( db->xUpdateCallback==0 || pTab->aCol==0 ){
+      /* Prevent post-update hook from running in cases when it should not */
+      pTab = 0;
+    }
   }
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISNOOP ) break;
 #endif
 
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_NCHANGE ) p->nChange++;
   if( pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_LASTROWID ) db->lastRowid = x.nKey;
-  if( pData->flags & MEM_Null ){
-    x.pData = 0;
-    x.nData = 0;
-  }else{
-    assert( pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
-    x.pData = pData->z;
-    x.nData = pData->n;
-  }
+  assert( pData->flags & (MEM_Blob|MEM_Str) );
+  x.pData = pData->z;
+  x.nData = pData->n;
   seekResult = ((pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT) ? pC->seekResult : 0);
   if( pData->flags & MEM_Zero ){
     x.nZero = pData->u.nZero;
@@ -82995,8 +84473,12 @@
 
   /* Invoke the update-hook if required. */
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( db->xUpdateCallback && op ){
-    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg, op, zDb, pTab->zName, x.nKey);
+  if( pTab ){
+    assert( db->xUpdateCallback!=0 );
+    assert( pTab->aCol!=0 );
+    db->xUpdateCallback(db->pUpdateArg,
+           (pOp->p5 & OPFLAG_ISUPDATE) ? SQLITE_UPDATE : SQLITE_INSERT,
+           zDb, pTab->zName, x.nKey);
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -83346,7 +84828,17 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: SeekEnd P1 * * * *
+**
+** Position cursor P1 at the end of the btree for the purpose of
+** appending a new entry onto the btree.
+**
+** It is assumed that the cursor is used only for appending and so
+** if the cursor is valid, then the cursor must already be pointing
+** at the end of the btree and so no changes are made to
+** the cursor.
+*/
+/* Opcode: Last P1 P2 * * *
 **
 ** The next use of the Rowid or Column or Prev instruction for P1 
 ** will refer to the last entry in the database table or index.
@@ -83357,14 +84849,8 @@
 ** This opcode leaves the cursor configured to move in reverse order,
 ** from the end toward the beginning.  In other words, the cursor is
 ** configured to use Prev, not Next.
-**
-** If P3 is -1, then the cursor is positioned at the end of the btree
-** for the purpose of appending a new entry onto the btree.  In that
-** case P2 must be 0.  It is assumed that the cursor is used only for
-** appending and so if the cursor is valid, then the cursor must already
-** be pointing at the end of the btree and so no changes are made to
-** the cursor.
 */
+case OP_SeekEnd:
 case OP_Last: {        /* jump */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
   BtCursor *pCrsr;
@@ -83377,22 +84863,24 @@
   pCrsr = pC->uc.pCursor;
   res = 0;
   assert( pCrsr!=0 );
-  pC->seekResult = pOp->p3;
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  pC->seekOp = OP_Last;
+  pC->seekOp = pOp->opcode;
 #endif
-  if( pOp->p3==0 || !sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pCrsr) ){
-    rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pCrsr, &res);
-    pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
-    pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
-    pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-    if( pOp->p2>0 ){
-      VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
-      if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
-    }
-  }else{
+  if( pOp->opcode==OP_SeekEnd ){
     assert( pOp->p2==0 );
+    pC->seekResult = -1;
+    if( sqlite3BtreeCursorIsValidNN(pCrsr) ){
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeLast(pCrsr, &res);
+  pC->nullRow = (u8)res;
+  pC->deferredMoveto = 0;
+  pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
+  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  if( pOp->p2>0 ){
+    VdbeBranchTaken(res!=0,2);
+    if( res ) goto jump_to_p2;
   }
   break;
 }
@@ -83570,12 +85058,10 @@
 */
 case OP_SorterNext: {  /* jump */
   VdbeCursor *pC;
-  int res;
 
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
   assert( isSorter(pC) );
-  res = 0;
-  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC, &res);
+  rc = sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(db, pC);
   goto next_tail;
 case OP_PrevIfOpen:    /* jump */
 case OP_NextIfOpen:    /* jump */
@@ -83586,12 +85072,9 @@
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   assert( pOp->p5<ArraySize(p->aCounter) );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
-  res = pOp->p3;
   assert( pC!=0 );
   assert( pC->deferredMoveto==0 );
   assert( pC->eCurType==CURTYPE_BTREE );
-  assert( res==0 || (res==1 && pC->isTable==0) );
-  testcase( res==1 );
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Next || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_Prev || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreePrevious );
   assert( pOp->opcode!=OP_NextIfOpen || pOp->p4.xAdvance==sqlite3BtreeNext );
@@ -83606,21 +85089,21 @@
        || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLT || pC->seekOp==OP_SeekLE
        || pC->seekOp==OP_Last );
 
-  rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(pC->uc.pCursor, &res);
+  rc = pOp->p4.xAdvance(pC->uc.pCursor, pOp->p3);
 next_tail:
   pC->cacheStatus = CACHE_STALE;
-  VdbeBranchTaken(res==0,2);
-  if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
-  if( res==0 ){
+  VdbeBranchTaken(rc==SQLITE_OK,2);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     pC->nullRow = 0;
     p->aCounter[pOp->p5]++;
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_search_count++;
 #endif
     goto jump_to_p2_and_check_for_interrupt;
-  }else{
-    pC->nullRow = 1;
   }
+  if( rc!=SQLITE_DONE ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  pC->nullRow = 1;
   goto check_for_interrupt;
 }
 
@@ -83731,8 +85214,8 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: Seek P1 * P3 P4 *
-** Synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid
+/* Opcode: DeferredSeek P1 * P3 P4 *
+** Synopsis: Move P3 to P1.rowid if needed
 **
 ** P1 is an open index cursor and P3 is a cursor on the corresponding
 ** table.  This opcode does a deferred seek of the P3 table cursor
@@ -83759,11 +85242,11 @@
 **
 ** See also: Rowid, MakeRecord.
 */
-case OP_Seek:
-case OP_IdxRowid: {              /* out2 */
-  VdbeCursor *pC;                /* The P1 index cursor */
-  VdbeCursor *pTabCur;           /* The P2 table cursor (OP_Seek only) */
-  i64 rowid;                     /* Rowid that P1 current points to */
+case OP_DeferredSeek:
+case OP_IdxRowid: {           /* out2 */
+  VdbeCursor *pC;             /* The P1 index cursor */
+  VdbeCursor *pTabCur;        /* The P2 table cursor (OP_DeferredSeek only) */
+  i64 rowid;                  /* Rowid that P1 current points to */
 
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<p->nCursor );
   pC = p->apCsr[pOp->p1];
@@ -83789,7 +85272,7 @@
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       goto abort_due_to_error;
     }
-    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Seek ){
+    if( pOp->opcode==OP_DeferredSeek ){
       assert( pOp->p3>=0 && pOp->p3<p->nCursor );
       pTabCur = p->apCsr[pOp->p3];
       assert( pTabCur!=0 );
@@ -84026,50 +85509,28 @@
   break;
 }
 
-/* Opcode: CreateTable P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
+/* Opcode: CreateBtree P1 P2 P3 * *
+** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1 flags=P3
 **
-** Allocate a new table in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2
-**
-** The difference between a table and an index is this:  A table must
-** have a 4-byte integer key and can have arbitrary data.  An index
-** has an arbitrary key but no data.
-**
-** See also: CreateIndex
+** Allocate a new b-tree in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
+** TEMP database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
+** P1>1.  The P3 argument must be 1 (BTREE_INTKEY) for a rowid table
+** it must be 2 (BTREE_BLOBKEY) for a index or WITHOUT ROWID table.
+** The root page number of the new b-tree is stored in register P2.
 */
-/* Opcode: CreateIndex P1 P2 * * *
-** Synopsis: r[P2]=root iDb=P1
-**
-** Allocate a new index in the main database file if P1==0 or in the
-** auxiliary database file if P1==1 or in an attached database if
-** P1>1.  Write the root page number of the new table into
-** register P2.
-**
-** See documentation on OP_CreateTable for additional information.
-*/
-case OP_CreateIndex:            /* out2 */
-case OP_CreateTable: {          /* out2 */
+case OP_CreateBtree: {          /* out2 */
   int pgno;
-  int flags;
   Db *pDb;
 
   pOut = out2Prerelease(p, pOp);
   pgno = 0;
+  assert( pOp->p3==BTREE_INTKEY || pOp->p3==BTREE_BLOBKEY );
   assert( pOp->p1>=0 && pOp->p1<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p1) );
   assert( p->readOnly==0 );
   pDb = &db->aDb[pOp->p1];
   assert( pDb->pBt!=0 );
-  if( pOp->opcode==OP_CreateTable ){
-    /* flags = BTREE_INTKEY; */
-    flags = BTREE_INTKEY;
-  }else{
-    flags = BTREE_BLOBKEY;
-  }
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, flags);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeCreateTable(pDb->pBt, &pgno, pOp->p3);
   if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
   pOut->u.i = pgno;
   break;
@@ -84231,7 +85692,7 @@
   nRoot = pOp->p2;
   aRoot = pOp->p4.ai;
   assert( nRoot>0 );
-  assert( aRoot[nRoot]==0 );
+  assert( aRoot[0]==nRoot );
   assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
   pnErr = &aMem[pOp->p3];
   assert( (pnErr->flags & MEM_Int)!=0 );
@@ -84239,7 +85700,7 @@
   pIn1 = &aMem[pOp->p1];
   assert( pOp->p5<db->nDb );
   assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, pOp->p5) );
-  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, aRoot, nRoot,
+  z = sqlite3BtreeIntegrityCheck(db->aDb[pOp->p5].pBt, &aRoot[1], nRoot,
                                  (int)pnErr->u.i+1, &nErr);
   sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pIn1);
   if( nErr==0 ){
@@ -85035,7 +86496,7 @@
 */
 case OP_TableLock: {
   u8 isWriteLock = (u8)pOp->p3;
-  if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommitted) ){
+  if( isWriteLock || 0==(db->flags&SQLITE_ReadUncommit) ){
     int p1 = pOp->p1; 
     assert( p1>=0 && p1<db->nDb );
     assert( DbMaskTest(p->btreeMask, p1) );
@@ -85226,12 +86687,18 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * *
+/* Opcode: VColumn P1 P2 P3 * P5
 ** Synopsis: r[P3]=vcolumn(P2)
 **
-** Store the value of the P2-th column of
-** the row of the virtual-table that the 
-** P1 cursor is pointing to into register P3.
+** Store in register P3 the value of the P2-th column of
+** the current row of the virtual-table of cursor P1.
+**
+** If the VColumn opcode is being used to fetch the value of
+** an unchanging column during an UPDATE operation, then the P5
+** value is 1.  Otherwise, P5 is 0.  The P5 value is returned
+** by sqlite3_vtab_nochange() routine can can be used
+** by virtual table implementations to return special "no-change"
+** marks which can be more efficient, depending on the virtual table.
 */
 case OP_VColumn: {
   sqlite3_vtab *pVtab;
@@ -85253,7 +86720,13 @@
   assert( pModule->xColumn );
   memset(&sContext, 0, sizeof(sContext));
   sContext.pOut = pDest;
-  MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
+  if( pOp->p5 ){
+    sqlite3VdbeMemSetNull(pDest);
+    pDest->flags = MEM_Null|MEM_Zero;
+    pDest->u.nZero = 0;
+  }else{
+    MemSetTypeFlag(pDest, MEM_Null);
+  }
   rc = pModule->xColumn(pCur->uc.pVCur, &sContext, pOp->p2);
   sqlite3VtabImportErrmsg(p, pVtab);
   if( sContext.isError ){
@@ -85464,8 +86937,129 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+/* Opcode: Function0 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
+**
+** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to a FuncDef object that
+** defines the function) with P5 arguments taken from register P2 and
+** successors.  The result of the function is stored in register P3.
+** Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
+**
+** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
+** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
+** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
+** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
+** invocation of this opcode.
+**
+** See also: Function, AggStep, AggFinal
+*/
+/* Opcode: Function P1 P2 P3 P4 P5
+** Synopsis: r[P3]=func(r[P2@P5])
+**
+** Invoke a user function (P4 is a pointer to an sqlite3_context object that
+** contains a pointer to the function to be run) with P5 arguments taken
+** from register P2 and successors.  The result of the function is stored
+** in register P3.  Register P3 must not be one of the function inputs.
+**
+** P1 is a 32-bit bitmask indicating whether or not each argument to the 
+** function was determined to be constant at compile time. If the first
+** argument was constant then bit 0 of P1 is set. This is used to determine
+** whether meta data associated with a user function argument using the
+** sqlite3_set_auxdata() API may be safely retained until the next
+** invocation of this opcode.
+**
+** SQL functions are initially coded as OP_Function0 with P4 pointing
+** to a FuncDef object.  But on first evaluation, the P4 operand is
+** automatically converted into an sqlite3_context object and the operation
+** changed to this OP_Function opcode.  In this way, the initialization of
+** the sqlite3_context object occurs only once, rather than once for each
+** evaluation of the function.
+**
+** See also: Function0, AggStep, AggFinal
+*/
+case OP_PureFunc0:
+case OP_Function0: {
+  int n;
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
 
-/* Opcode: Init P1 P2 * P4 *
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCDEF );
+  n = pOp->p5;
+  assert( pOp->p3>0 && pOp->p3<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor) );
+  assert( n==0 || (pOp->p2>0 && pOp->p2+n<=(p->nMem+1 - p->nCursor)+1) );
+  assert( pOp->p3<pOp->p2 || pOp->p3>=pOp->p2+n );
+  pCtx = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(*pCtx) + (n-1)*sizeof(sqlite3_value*));
+  if( pCtx==0 ) goto no_mem;
+  pCtx->pOut = 0;
+  pCtx->pFunc = pOp->p4.pFunc;
+  pCtx->iOp = (int)(pOp - aOp);
+  pCtx->pVdbe = p;
+  pCtx->argc = n;
+  pOp->p4type = P4_FUNCCTX;
+  pOp->p4.pCtx = pCtx;
+  assert( OP_PureFunc == OP_PureFunc0+2 );
+  assert( OP_Function == OP_Function0+2 );
+  pOp->opcode += 2;
+  /* Fall through into OP_Function */
+}
+case OP_PureFunc:
+case OP_Function: {
+  int i;
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx;
+
+  assert( pOp->p4type==P4_FUNCCTX );
+  pCtx = pOp->p4.pCtx;
+
+  /* If this function is inside of a trigger, the register array in aMem[]
+  ** might change from one evaluation to the next.  The next block of code
+  ** checks to see if the register array has changed, and if so it
+  ** reinitializes the relavant parts of the sqlite3_context object */
+  pOut = &aMem[pOp->p3];
+  if( pCtx->pOut != pOut ){
+    pCtx->pOut = pOut;
+    for(i=pCtx->argc-1; i>=0; i--) pCtx->argv[i] = &aMem[pOp->p2+i];
+  }
+
+  memAboutToChange(p, pOut);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  for(i=0; i<pCtx->argc; i++){
+    assert( memIsValid(pCtx->argv[i]) );
+    REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p2+i, pCtx->argv[i]);
+  }
+#endif
+  MemSetTypeFlag(pOut, MEM_Null);
+  pCtx->fErrorOrAux = 0;
+  (*pCtx->pFunc->xSFunc)(pCtx, pCtx->argc, pCtx->argv);/* IMP: R-24505-23230 */
+
+  /* If the function returned an error, throw an exception */
+  if( pCtx->fErrorOrAux ){
+    if( pCtx->isError ){
+      sqlite3VdbeError(p, "%s", sqlite3_value_text(pOut));
+      rc = pCtx->isError;
+    }
+    sqlite3VdbeDeleteAuxData(db, &p->pAuxData, pCtx->iOp, pOp->p1);
+    if( rc ) goto abort_due_to_error;
+  }
+
+  /* Copy the result of the function into register P3 */
+  if( pOut->flags & (MEM_Str|MEM_Blob) ){
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeEncoding(pOut, encoding);
+    if( sqlite3VdbeMemTooBig(pOut) ) goto too_big;
+  }
+
+  REGISTER_TRACE(pOp->p3, pOut);
+  UPDATE_MAX_BLOBSIZE(pOut);
+  break;
+}
+
+/* Opcode: Trace P1 P2 * P4 *
+**
+** Write P4 on the statement trace output if statement tracing is
+** enabled.
+**
+** Operand P1 must be 0x7fffffff and P2 must positive.
+*/
+/* Opcode: Init P1 P2 P3 P4 *
 ** Synopsis: Start at P2
 **
 ** Programs contain a single instance of this opcode as the very first
@@ -85479,7 +87073,11 @@
 **
 ** Increment the value of P1 so that OP_Once opcodes will jump the
 ** first time they are evaluated for this run.
+**
+** If P3 is not zero, then it is an address to jump to if an SQLITE_CORRUPT
+** error is encountered.
 */
+case OP_Trace:
 case OP_Init: {          /* jump */
   char *zTrace;
   int i;
@@ -85494,7 +87092,9 @@
   ** sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) otherwise.
   */
   assert( pOp->p4.z==0 || strncmp(pOp->p4.z, "-" "- ", 3)==0 );
-  assert( pOp==p->aOp );  /* Always instruction 0 */
+
+  /* OP_Init is always instruction 0 */
+  assert( pOp==p->aOp || pOp->opcode==OP_Trace );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
   if( (db->mTrace & (SQLITE_TRACE_STMT|SQLITE_TRACE_LEGACY))!=0
@@ -85537,12 +87137,14 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE */
   assert( pOp->p2>0 );
   if( pOp->p1>=sqlite3GlobalConfig.iOnceResetThreshold ){
+    if( pOp->opcode==OP_Trace ) break;
     for(i=1; i<p->nOp; i++){
       if( p->aOp[i].opcode==OP_Once ) p->aOp[i].p1 = 0;
     }
     pOp->p1 = 0;
   }
   pOp->p1++;
+  p->aCounter[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]++;
   goto jump_to_p2;
 }
 
@@ -85752,11 +87354,12 @@
   v->aMem[1].u.i = iRow;
 
   /* If the statement has been run before (and is paused at the OP_ResultRow)
-  ** then back it up to the point where it does the OP_SeekRowid.  This could
+  ** then back it up to the point where it does the OP_NotExists.  This could
   ** have been down with an extra OP_Goto, but simply setting the program
   ** counter is faster. */
-  if( v->pc>3 ){
-    v->pc = 3;
+  if( v->pc>4 ){
+    v->pc = 4;
+    assert( v->aOp[v->pc].opcode==OP_NotExists );
     rc = sqlite3VdbeExec(v);
   }else{
     rc = sqlite3_step(p->pStmt);
@@ -85818,8 +87421,8 @@
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   char *zErr = 0;
   Table *pTab;
-  Parse *pParse = 0;
   Incrblob *pBlob = 0;
+  Parse sParse;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( ppBlob==0 ){
@@ -85837,37 +87440,34 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
 
   pBlob = (Incrblob *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Incrblob));
-  if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( !pParse ) goto blob_open_out;
-
   do {
-    memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(Parse));
-    pParse->db = db;
+    memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(Parse));
+    if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;
+    sParse.db = db;
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
     zErr = 0;
 
     sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(pParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
+    pTab = sqlite3LocateTable(&sParse, 0, zTable, zDb);
     if( pTab && IsVirtual(pTab) ){
       pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open virtual table: %s", zTable);
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "cannot open virtual table: %s", zTable);
     }
     if( pTab && !HasRowid(pTab) ){
       pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open table without rowid: %s", zTable);
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "cannot open table without rowid: %s", zTable);
     }
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
     if( pTab && pTab->pSelect ){
       pTab = 0;
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "cannot open view: %s", zTable);
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(&sParse, "cannot open view: %s", zTable);
     }
 #endif
     if( !pTab ){
-      if( pParse->zErrMsg ){
+      if( sParse.zErrMsg ){
         sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-        zErr = pParse->zErrMsg;
-        pParse->zErrMsg = 0;
+        zErr = sParse.zErrMsg;
+        sParse.zErrMsg = 0;
       }
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
@@ -85931,7 +87531,7 @@
       }
     }
 
-    pBlob->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt *)sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse);
+    pBlob->pStmt = (sqlite3_stmt *)sqlite3VdbeCreate(&sParse);
     assert( pBlob->pStmt || db->mallocFailed );
     if( pBlob->pStmt ){
       
@@ -85967,7 +87567,8 @@
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Transaction, iDb, wrFlag, 
                            pTab->pSchema->schema_cookie,
                            pTab->pSchema->iGeneration);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);     
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1);
+      assert( sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)==2 || db->mallocFailed );
       aOp = sqlite3VdbeAddOpList(v, ArraySize(openBlob), openBlob, iLn);
 
       /* Make sure a mutex is held on the table to be accessed */
@@ -85982,7 +87583,7 @@
         aOp[0].p1 = iDb;
         aOp[0].p2 = pTab->tnum;
         aOp[0].p3 = wrFlag;
-        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 1, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, 2, pTab->zName, P4_TRANSIENT);
       }
       if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
 #endif
@@ -86004,10 +87605,10 @@
         aOp[1].p4.i = pTab->nCol+1;
         aOp[3].p2 = pTab->nCol;
 
-        pParse->nVar = 0;
-        pParse->nMem = 1;
-        pParse->nTab = 1;
-        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, pParse);
+        sParse.nVar = 0;
+        sParse.nMem = 1;
+        sParse.nTab = 1;
+        sqlite3VdbeMakeReady(v, &sParse);
       }
     }
    
@@ -86029,8 +87630,7 @@
   }
   sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-  sqlite3ParserReset(pParse);
-  sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
+  sqlite3ParserReset(&sParse);
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   return rc;
@@ -87016,15 +88616,15 @@
   int n2;
   int res;
 
-  getVarint32(&p1[1], n1); n1 = (n1 - 13) / 2;
-  getVarint32(&p2[1], n2); n2 = (n2 - 13) / 2;
-  res = memcmp(v1, v2, MIN(n1, n2));
+  getVarint32(&p1[1], n1);
+  getVarint32(&p2[1], n2);
+  res = memcmp(v1, v2, (MIN(n1, n2) - 13)/2);
   if( res==0 ){
     res = n1 - n2;
   }
 
   if( res==0 ){
-    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nField>1 ){
+    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>1 ){
       res = vdbeSorterCompareTail(
           pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
       );
@@ -87093,7 +88693,7 @@
   }
 
   if( res==0 ){
-    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nField>1 ){
+    if( pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField>1 ){
       res = vdbeSorterCompareTail(
           pTask, pbKey2Cached, pKey1, nKey1, pKey2, nKey2
       );
@@ -87108,7 +88708,7 @@
 /*
 ** Initialize the temporary index cursor just opened as a sorter cursor.
 **
-** Usually, the sorter module uses the value of (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField)
+** Usually, the sorter module uses the value of (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField)
 ** to determine the number of fields that should be compared from the
 ** records being sorted. However, if the value passed as argument nField
 ** is non-zero and the sorter is able to guarantee a stable sort, nField
@@ -87161,7 +88761,7 @@
 
   assert( pCsr->pKeyInfo && pCsr->pBtx==0 );
   assert( pCsr->eCurType==CURTYPE_SORTER );
-  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);
+  szKeyInfo = sizeof(KeyInfo) + (pCsr->pKeyInfo->nKeyField-1)*sizeof(CollSeq*);
   sz = sizeof(VdbeSorter) + nWorker * sizeof(SortSubtask);
 
   pSorter = (VdbeSorter*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sz + szKeyInfo);
@@ -87173,8 +88773,7 @@
     memcpy(pKeyInfo, pCsr->pKeyInfo, szKeyInfo);
     pKeyInfo->db = 0;
     if( nField && nWorker==0 ){
-      pKeyInfo->nXField += (pKeyInfo->nField - nField);
-      pKeyInfo->nField = nField;
+      pKeyInfo->nKeyField = nField;
     }
     pSorter->pgsz = pgsz = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(db->aDb[0].pBt);
     pSorter->nTask = nWorker + 1;
@@ -87202,11 +88801,9 @@
       mxCache = MIN(mxCache, SQLITE_MAX_PMASZ);
       pSorter->mxPmaSize = MAX(pSorter->mnPmaSize, (int)mxCache);
 
-      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-26747-61719 When the application provides any amount of
-      ** scratch memory using SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary
-      ** large heap allocations.
-      */
-      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch==0 ){
+      /* Avoid large memory allocations if the application has requested
+      ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC. */
+      if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bSmallMalloc==0 ){
         assert( pSorter->iMemory==0 );
         pSorter->nMemory = pgsz;
         pSorter->list.aMemory = (u8*)sqlite3Malloc(pgsz);
@@ -87214,7 +88811,7 @@
       }
     }
 
-    if( (pKeyInfo->nField+pKeyInfo->nXField)<13 
+    if( pKeyInfo->nAllField<13 
      && (pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==0 || pKeyInfo->aColl[0]==db->pDfltColl)
     ){
       pSorter->typeMask = SORTER_TYPE_INTEGER | SORTER_TYPE_TEXT;
@@ -87529,7 +89126,7 @@
   if( pTask->pUnpacked==0 ){
     pTask->pUnpacked = sqlite3VdbeAllocUnpackedRecord(pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo);
     if( pTask->pUnpacked==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    pTask->pUnpacked->nField = pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nField;
+    pTask->pUnpacked->nField = pTask->pSorter->pKeyInfo->nKeyField;
     pTask->pUnpacked->errCode = 0;
   }
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -88813,9 +90410,13 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Advance to the next element in the sorter.
+** Advance to the next element in the sorter.  Return value:
+**
+**    SQLITE_OK     success
+**    SQLITE_DONE   end of data
+**    otherwise     some kind of error.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr, int *pbEof){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3VdbeSorterNext(sqlite3 *db, const VdbeCursor *pCsr){
   VdbeSorter *pSorter;
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
 
@@ -88829,21 +90430,22 @@
 #if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
     if( pSorter->bUseThreads ){
       rc = vdbePmaReaderNext(pSorter->pReader);
-      *pbEof = (pSorter->pReader->pFd==0);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pSorter->pReader->pFd==0 ) rc = SQLITE_DONE;
     }else
 #endif
     /*if( !pSorter->bUseThreads )*/ {
+      int res = 0;
       assert( pSorter->pMerger!=0 );
       assert( pSorter->pMerger->pTask==(&pSorter->aTask[0]) );
-      rc = vdbeMergeEngineStep(pSorter->pMerger, pbEof);
+      rc = vdbeMergeEngineStep(pSorter->pMerger, &res);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK && res ) rc = SQLITE_DONE;
     }
   }else{
     SorterRecord *pFree = pSorter->list.pList;
     pSorter->list.pList = pFree->u.pNext;
     pFree->u.pNext = 0;
     if( pSorter->list.aMemory==0 ) vdbeSorterRecordFree(db, pFree);
-    *pbEof = !pSorter->list.pList;
-    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    rc = pSorter->list.pList ? SQLITE_OK : SQLITE_DONE;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -89429,16 +91031,22 @@
   int rc;
   testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
   testcase( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Reduced) );
-  rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
-  if( rc || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
-    return rc & WRC_Abort;
-  }
-  if( pExpr->pLeft && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( pExpr->pRight && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pRight) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
-    if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
-    if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
+  while(1){
+    rc = pWalker->xExprCallback(pWalker, pExpr);
+    if( rc ) return rc & WRC_Abort;
+    if( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr,(EP_TokenOnly|EP_Leaf)) ){
+      if( pExpr->pLeft && walkExpr(pWalker, pExpr->pLeft) ) return WRC_Abort;
+       assert( pExpr->x.pList==0 || pExpr->pRight==0 );
+      if( pExpr->pRight ){
+        pExpr = pExpr->pRight;
+        continue;
+      }else if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+        if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pExpr->x.pSelect) ) return WRC_Abort;
+      }else if( pExpr->x.pList ){
+        if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pExpr->x.pList) ) return WRC_Abort;
+      }
+    }
+    break;
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
@@ -89474,7 +91082,6 @@
   if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pHaving) ) return WRC_Abort;
   if( sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, p->pOrderBy) ) return WRC_Abort;
   if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pLimit) ) return WRC_Abort;
-  if( sqlite3WalkExpr(pWalker, p->pOffset) ) return WRC_Abort;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -89491,16 +91098,15 @@
   struct SrcList_item *pItem;
 
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
-  if( ALWAYS(pSrc) ){
-    for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
-      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
-      if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
-       && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
-      ){
-        return WRC_Abort;
-      }
+  assert( pSrc!=0 );
+  for(i=pSrc->nSrc, pItem=pSrc->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
+    if( pItem->pSelect && sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pItem->pSelect) ){
+      return WRC_Abort;
+    }
+    if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc
+     && sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pItem->u1.pFuncArg)
+    ){
+      return WRC_Abort;
     }
   }
   return WRC_Continue;
@@ -89513,8 +91119,9 @@
 **
 ** If it is not NULL, the xSelectCallback() callback is invoked before
 ** the walk of the expressions and FROM clause. The xSelectCallback2()
-** method, if it is not NULL, is invoked following the walk of the 
-** expressions and FROM clause.
+** method is invoked following the walk of the expressions and FROM clause,
+** but only if both xSelectCallback and xSelectCallback2 are both non-NULL
+** and if the expressions and FROM clause both return WRC_Continue;
 **
 ** Return WRC_Continue under normal conditions.  Return WRC_Abort if
 ** there is an abort request.
@@ -89524,29 +91131,22 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3WalkSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   int rc;
-  if( p==0 || (pWalker->xSelectCallback==0 && pWalker->xSelectCallback2==0) ){
-    return WRC_Continue;
-  }
-  rc = WRC_Continue;
-  pWalker->walkerDepth++;
-  while( p ){
-    if( pWalker->xSelectCallback ){
-       rc = pWalker->xSelectCallback(pWalker, p);
-       if( rc ) break;
-    }
+  if( p==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
+  if( pWalker->xSelectCallback==0 ) return WRC_Continue;
+  do{
+    rc = pWalker->xSelectCallback(pWalker, p);
+    if( rc ) return rc & WRC_Abort;
     if( sqlite3WalkSelectExpr(pWalker, p)
      || sqlite3WalkSelectFrom(pWalker, p)
     ){
-      pWalker->walkerDepth--;
       return WRC_Abort;
     }
     if( pWalker->xSelectCallback2 ){
       pWalker->xSelectCallback2(pWalker, p);
     }
     p = p->pPrior;
-  }
-  pWalker->walkerDepth--;
-  return rc & WRC_Abort;
+  }while( p!=0 );
+  return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
 /************** End of walker.c **********************************************/
@@ -90031,6 +91631,7 @@
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr->pRight);
   pExpr->pRight = 0;
   pExpr->op = (isTrigger ? TK_TRIGGER : TK_COLUMN);
+  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Leaf);
 lookupname_end:
   if( cnt==1 ){
     assert( pNC!=0 );
@@ -90069,7 +91670,6 @@
       testcase( iCol==BMS-1 );
       pItem->colUsed |= ((Bitmask)1)<<(iCol>=BMS ? BMS-1 : iCol);
     }
-    ExprSetProperty(p, EP_Resolved);
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -90129,8 +91729,6 @@
   pParse = pNC->pParse;
   assert( pParse==pWalker->pParse );
 
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved) ) return WRC_Prune;
-  ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Resolved);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( pNC->pSrcList && pNC->pSrcList->nAlloc>0 ){
     SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
@@ -90151,7 +91749,8 @@
       SrcList *pSrcList = pNC->pSrcList;
       struct SrcList_item *pItem;
       assert( pSrcList && pSrcList->nSrc==1 );
-      pItem = pSrcList->a; 
+      pItem = pSrcList->a;
+      assert( HasRowid(pItem->pTab) && pItem->pTab->pSelect==0 );
       pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
       pExpr->pTab = pItem->pTab;
       pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
@@ -90463,7 +92062,7 @@
   ** result-set entry.
   */
   for(i=0; i<pEList->nExpr; i++){
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pEList->a[i].pExpr, pE, -1)<2 ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pEList->a[i].pExpr, pE, -1)<2 ){
       return i+1;
     }
   }
@@ -90514,12 +92113,10 @@
   pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
   if( pOrderBy==0 ) return 0;
   db = pParse->db;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
   if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in ORDER BY clause");
     return 1;
   }
-#endif
   for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
     pOrderBy->a[i].done = 0;
   }
@@ -90611,12 +92208,10 @@
   struct ExprList_item *pItem;
 
   if( pOrderBy==0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return 0;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
   if( pOrderBy->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many terms in %s BY clause", zType);
     return 1;
   }
-#endif
   pEList = pSelect->pEList;
   assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
   for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
@@ -90697,7 +92292,7 @@
       return 1;
     }
     for(j=0; j<pSelect->pEList->nExpr; j++){
-      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pE, pSelect->pEList->a[j].pExpr, -1)==0 ){
+      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pE, pSelect->pEList->a[j].pExpr, -1)==0 ){
         pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol = j+1;
       }
     }
@@ -90754,8 +92349,7 @@
     */
     memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
     sNC.pParse = pParse;
-    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pLimit) ||
-        sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pOffset) ){
+    if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, p->pLimit) ){
       return WRC_Abort;
     }
 
@@ -90983,37 +92577,29 @@
   u16 savedHasAgg;
   Walker w;
 
-  if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  {
-    Parse *pParse = pNC->pParse;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, pExpr->nHeight+pNC->pParse->nHeight) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
-    pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
-  }
-#endif
+  if( pExpr==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
   savedHasAgg = pNC->ncFlags & (NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
   pNC->ncFlags &= ~(NC_HasAgg|NC_MinMaxAgg);
   w.pParse = pNC->pParse;
   w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
   w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
   w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
-  w.walkerDepth = 0;
-  w.eCode = 0;
   w.u.pNC = pNC;
+#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
+  w.pParse->nHeight += pExpr->nHeight;
+  if( sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(w.pParse, w.pParse->nHeight) ){
+    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  }
+#endif
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
 #if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
-  pNC->pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
+  w.pParse->nHeight -= pExpr->nHeight;
 #endif
-  if( pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0 ){
-    ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
-  }
   if( pNC->ncFlags & NC_HasAgg ){
     ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Agg);
   }
   pNC->ncFlags |= savedHasAgg;
-  return ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Error);
+  return pNC->nErr>0 || w.pParse->nErr>0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -91054,9 +92640,9 @@
   Walker w;
 
   assert( p!=0 );
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = resolveExprStep;
   w.xSelectCallback = resolveSelectStep;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
   w.pParse = pParse;
   w.u.pNC = pOuterNC;
   sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, p);
@@ -91225,6 +92811,11 @@
 ** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
 ** there is no defined collating sequence, return NULL.
 **
+** See also: sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq()
+**
+** The sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq() works the same exact that it returns the
+** default collation if pExpr has no defined collation.
+**
 ** The collating sequence might be determined by a COLLATE operator
 ** or by the presence of a column with a defined collating sequence.
 ** COLLATE operators take first precedence.  Left operands take
@@ -91290,6 +92881,32 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If
+** there is no defined collating sequence, return a pointer to the
+** defautl collation sequence.
+**
+** See also: sqlite3ExprCollSeq()
+**
+** The sqlite3ExprCollSeq() routine works the same except that it
+** returns NULL if there is no defined collation.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE CollSeq *sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
+  CollSeq *p = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr);
+  if( p==0 ) p = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
+  assert( p!=0 );
+  return p;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the two expressions have equivalent collating sequences.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2){
+  CollSeq *pColl1 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pE1);
+  CollSeq *pColl2 = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pE2);
+  return sqlite3StrICmp(pColl1->zName, pColl2->zName)==0;
+}
+
+/*
 ** pExpr is an operand of a comparison operator.  aff2 is the
 ** type affinity of the other operand.  This routine returns the
 ** type affinity that should be used for the comparison operator.
@@ -91728,16 +93345,15 @@
     }
   }
 }
-static void heightOfSelect(Select *p, int *pnHeight){
-  if( p ){
+static void heightOfSelect(Select *pSelect, int *pnHeight){
+  Select *p;
+  for(p=pSelect; p; p=p->pPrior){
     heightOfExpr(p->pWhere, pnHeight);
     heightOfExpr(p->pHaving, pnHeight);
     heightOfExpr(p->pLimit, pnHeight);
-    heightOfExpr(p->pOffset, pnHeight);
     heightOfExprList(p->pEList, pnHeight);
     heightOfExprList(p->pGroupBy, pnHeight);
     heightOfExprList(p->pOrderBy, pnHeight);
-    heightOfSelect(p->pPrior, pnHeight);
   }
 }
 
@@ -91845,7 +93461,7 @@
     pNew->iAgg = -1;
     if( pToken ){
       if( nExtra==0 ){
-        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue;
+        pNew->flags |= EP_IntValue|EP_Leaf;
         pNew->u.iValue = iValue;
       }else{
         pNew->u.zToken = (char*)&pNew[1];
@@ -91876,7 +93492,7 @@
 ){
   Token x;
   x.z = zToken;
-  x.n = zToken ? sqlite3Strlen30(zToken) : 0;
+  x.n = sqlite3Strlen30(zToken);
   return sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, op, &x, 0);
 }
 
@@ -92022,6 +93638,7 @@
     return 0;
   }
   pNew->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_HasFunc);
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
   sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pNew);
   return pNew;
@@ -92126,8 +93743,9 @@
     /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
     assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
     if( p->pLeft && p->op!=TK_SELECT_COLUMN ) sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pLeft);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pRight);
-    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+    if( p->pRight ){
+      sqlite3ExprDeleteNN(db, p->pRight);
+    }else if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
       sqlite3SelectDelete(db, p->x.pSelect);
     }else{
       sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->x.pList);
@@ -92402,10 +94020,9 @@
   Expr *pPriorSelectCol = 0;
   assert( db!=0 );
   if( p==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, 
-             sizeof(*pNew)+sizeof(pNew->a[0])*(p->nExpr-1) );
+  pNew = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sqlite3DbMallocSize(db, p));
   if( pNew==0 ) return 0;
-  pNew->nAlloc = pNew->nExpr = p->nExpr;
+  pNew->nExpr = p->nExpr;
   pItem = pNew->a;
   pOldItem = p->a;
   for(i=0; i<p->nExpr; i++, pItem++, pOldItem++){
@@ -92531,7 +94148,6 @@
     pNew->pNext = pNext;
     pNew->pPrior = 0;
     pNew->pLimit = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pLimit, flags);
-    pNew->pOffset = sqlite3ExprDup(db, p->pOffset, flags);
     pNew->iLimit = 0;
     pNew->iOffset = 0;
     pNew->selFlags = p->selFlags & ~SF_UsesEphemeral;
@@ -92559,6 +94175,13 @@
 ** Add a new element to the end of an expression list.  If pList is
 ** initially NULL, then create a new expression list.
 **
+** The pList argument must be either NULL or a pointer to an ExprList
+** obtained from a prior call to sqlite3ExprListAppend().  This routine
+** may not be used with an ExprList obtained from sqlite3ExprListDup().
+** Reason:  This routine assumes that the number of slots in pList->a[]
+** is a power of two.  That is true for sqlite3ExprListAppend() returns
+** but is not necessarily true from the return value of sqlite3ExprListDup().
+**
 ** If a memory allocation error occurs, the entire list is freed and
 ** NULL is returned.  If non-NULL is returned, then it is guaranteed
 ** that the new entry was successfully appended.
@@ -92577,19 +94200,19 @@
       goto no_mem;
     }
     pList->nExpr = 0;
-    pList->nAlloc = 1;
-  }else if( pList->nExpr==pList->nAlloc ){
+  }else if( (pList->nExpr & (pList->nExpr-1))==0 ){
     ExprList *pNew;
     pNew = sqlite3DbRealloc(db, pList, 
-             sizeof(*pList)+(2*pList->nAlloc - 1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
+             sizeof(*pList)+(2*pList->nExpr - 1)*sizeof(pList->a[0]));
     if( pNew==0 ){
       goto no_mem;
     }
     pList = pNew;
-    pList->nAlloc *= 2;
   }
   pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr++];
-  memset(pItem, 0, sizeof(*pItem));
+  assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zName)==sizeof(pItem->pExpr) );
+  assert( offsetof(struct ExprList_item,pExpr)==0 );
+  memset(&pItem->zName,0,sizeof(*pItem)-offsetof(struct ExprList_item,zName));
   pItem->pExpr = pExpr;
   return pList;
 
@@ -92718,17 +94341,16 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
   ExprList *pList,        /* List to which to add the span. */
-  ExprSpan *pSpan         /* The span to be added */
+  const char *zStart,     /* Start of the span */
+  const char *zEnd        /* End of the span */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   assert( pList!=0 || db->mallocFailed!=0 );
   if( pList ){
     struct ExprList_item *pItem = &pList->a[pList->nExpr-1];
     assert( pList->nExpr>0 );
-    assert( db->mallocFailed || pItem->pExpr==pSpan->pExpr );
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
-    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pSpan->zStart,
-                                    (int)(pSpan->zEnd - pSpan->zStart));
+    pItem->zSpan = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
   }
 }
 
@@ -92775,17 +94397,29 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList *pList){
   int i;
   u32 m = 0;
-  if( pList ){
-    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
-       Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
-       assert( pExpr!=0 );
-       m |= pExpr->flags;
-    }
+  assert( pList!=0 );
+  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
+     Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
+     assert( pExpr!=0 );
+     m |= pExpr->flags;
   }
   return m;
 }
 
 /*
+** This is a SELECT-node callback for the expression walker that
+** always "fails".  By "fail" in this case, we mean set
+** pWalker->eCode to zero and abort.
+**
+** This callback is used by multiple expression walkers.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkFail(Walker *pWalker, Select *NotUsed){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
+  pWalker->eCode = 0;
+  return WRC_Abort;
+}
+
+/*
 ** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
 ** see if they are "constant" for some definition of constant.  The
 ** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
@@ -92861,22 +94495,19 @@
       }
       /* Fall through */
     default:
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* selectNodeIsConstant will disallow */
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* selectNodeIsConstant will disallow */
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail will disallow */
+      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail will disallow */
       return WRC_Continue;
   }
 }
-static int selectNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Select *NotUsed){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  pWalker->eCode = 0;
-  return WRC_Abort;
-}
 static int exprIsConst(Expr *p, int initFlag, int iCur){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = initFlag;
   w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectNodeIsConstant;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
+#endif
   w.u.iCur = iCur;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
   return w.eCode;
@@ -92926,9 +94557,9 @@
   ** it constant.  */
   for(i=0; i<pGroupBy->nExpr; i++){
     Expr *p = pGroupBy->a[i].pExpr;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr, p, -1)<2 ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWalker->pParse, p);
-      if( pColl==0 || sqlite3_stricmp("BINARY", pColl->zName)==0 ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, p, -1)<2 ){
+      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pWalker->pParse, p);
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp("BINARY", pColl->zName)==0 ){
         return WRC_Prune;
       }
     }
@@ -92964,9 +94595,9 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, ExprList *pGroupBy){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = 1;
   w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstantOrGroupBy;
+  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
   w.u.pGroupBy = pGroupBy;
   w.pParse = pParse;
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
@@ -92994,10 +94625,12 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr *p){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.eCode = 1;
   w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
-  w.xSelectCallback = selectNodeIsConstant;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
+#endif
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
   return w.eCode==0;
 }
@@ -93067,8 +94700,8 @@
     case TK_BLOB:
       return 0;
     case TK_COLUMN:
-      assert( p->pTab!=0 );
       return ExprHasProperty(p, EP_CanBeNull) ||
+             p->pTab==0 ||  /* Reference to column of index on expression */
              (p->iColumn>=0 && p->pTab->aCol[p->iColumn].notNull==0);
     default:
       return 1;
@@ -93150,7 +94783,6 @@
   }
   assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );              /* Has no GROUP BY clause */
   if( p->pLimit ) return 0;              /* Has no LIMIT clause */
-  assert( p->pOffset==0 );               /* No LIMIT means no OFFSET */
   if( p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Has no WHERE clause */
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
   assert( pSrc!=0 );
@@ -93240,16 +94872,15 @@
 ** pX->iTable made to point to the ephemeral table instead of an
 ** existing table.
 **
-** The inFlags parameter must contain exactly one of the bits
-** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP or IN_INDEX_LOOP.  If inFlags contains
-** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP, then the generated table will be used for a
-** fast membership test.  When the IN_INDEX_LOOP bit is set, the
-** IN index will be used to loop over all values of the RHS of the
-** IN operator.
+** The inFlags parameter must contain, at a minimum, one of the bits
+** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP or IN_INDEX_LOOP but not both.  If inFlags contains
+** IN_INDEX_MEMBERSHIP, then the generated table will be used for a fast
+** membership test.  When the IN_INDEX_LOOP bit is set, the IN index will
+** be used to loop over all values of the RHS of the IN operator.
 **
 ** When IN_INDEX_LOOP is used (and the b-tree will be used to iterate
 ** through the set members) then the b-tree must not contain duplicates.
-** An epheremal table must be used unless the selected columns are guaranteed
+** An epheremal table will be created unless the selected columns are guaranteed
 ** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or due to
 ** a UNIQUE constraint or index.
 **
@@ -93730,7 +95361,7 @@
         /* Loop through each expression in <exprlist>. */
         r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
         r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
-        if( isRowid ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, r2);
+        if( isRowid ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Blob, 0, r2, 0, "", P4_STATIC);
         for(i=pList->nExpr, pItem=pList->a; i>0; i--, pItem++){
           Expr *pE2 = pItem->pExpr;
           int iValToIns;
@@ -93790,6 +95421,7 @@
       Select *pSel;                         /* SELECT statement to encode */
       SelectDest dest;                      /* How to deal with SELECT result */
       int nReg;                             /* Registers to allocate */
+      Expr *pLimit;                         /* New limit expression */
 
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS );
       testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT );
@@ -93811,11 +95443,14 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, dest.iSDParm);
         VdbeComment((v, "Init EXISTS result"));
       }
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit);
-      pSel->pLimit = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,
-                                  &sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
+      pLimit = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[1], 0);
+      if( pSel->pLimit ){
+        sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pSel->pLimit->pLeft);
+        pSel->pLimit->pLeft = pLimit;
+      }else{
+        pSel->pLimit = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_LIMIT, pLimit, 0);
+      }
       pSel->iLimit = 0;
-      pSel->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
       if( sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest) ){
         return 0;
       }
@@ -94158,7 +95793,7 @@
     const char *z = pExpr->u.zToken;
     assert( z!=0 );
     c = sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &value);
-    if( c==1 || (c==2 && !negFlag) || (negFlag && value==SMALLEST_INT64)){
+    if( (c==3 && !negFlag) || (c==2) || (negFlag && value==SMALLEST_INT64)){
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_FLOATING_POINT
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "oversized integer: %s%s", negFlag ? "-" : "", z);
 #else
@@ -94172,7 +95807,7 @@
       }
 #endif
     }else{
-      if( negFlag ){ value = c==2 ? SMALLEST_INT64 : -value; }
+      if( negFlag ){ value = c==3 ? SMALLEST_INT64 : -value; }
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Dup8(v, OP_Int64, 0, iMem, 0, (u8*)&value, P4_INT64);
     }
   }
@@ -94332,8 +95967,9 @@
   if( iTabCol==XN_EXPR ){
     assert( pIdx->aColExpr );
     assert( pIdx->aColExpr->nExpr>iIdxCol );
-    pParse->iSelfTab = iTabCur;
+    pParse->iSelfTab = iTabCur + 1;
     sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIdx->aColExpr->a[iIdxCol].pExpr, regOut);
+    pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(pParse->pVdbe, pIdx->pTable, iTabCur,
                                     iTabCol, regOut);
@@ -94577,13 +96213,13 @@
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       int iTab = pExpr->iTable;
       if( iTab<0 ){
-        if( pParse->ckBase>0 ){
+        if( pParse->iSelfTab<0 ){
           /* Generating CHECK constraints or inserting into partial index */
-          return pExpr->iColumn + pParse->ckBase;
+          return pExpr->iColumn - pParse->iSelfTab;
         }else{
           /* Coding an expression that is part of an index where column names
           ** in the index refer to the table to which the index belongs */
-          iTab = pParse->iSelfTab;
+          iTab = pParse->iSelfTab - 1;
         }
       }
       return sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumn(pParse, pExpr->pTab,
@@ -94920,9 +96556,21 @@
         if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl; 
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_CollSeq, 0, 0, 0, (char *)pColl, P4_COLLSEQ);
       }
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Function0, constMask, r1, target,
-                        (char*)pDef, P4_FUNCDEF);
-      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nFarg);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+      if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET ){
+        Expr *pArg = pFarg->a[0].pExpr;
+        if( pArg->op==TK_COLUMN ){
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Offset, pArg->iTable, pArg->iColumn, target);
+        }else{
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, target);
+        }
+      }else
+#endif
+      {
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, pParse->iSelfTab ? OP_PureFunc0 : OP_Function0,
+                          constMask, r1, target, (char*)pDef, P4_FUNCDEF);
+        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, (u8)nFarg);
+      }
       if( nFarg && constMask==0 ){
         sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, r1, nFarg);
       }
@@ -95200,7 +96848,7 @@
     struct ExprList_item *pItem;
     int i;
     for(pItem=p->a, i=p->nExpr; i>0; pItem++, i--){
-      if( pItem->reusable && sqlite3ExprCompare(pItem->pExpr,pExpr,-1)==0 ){
+      if( pItem->reusable && sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pItem->pExpr,pExpr,-1)==0 ){
         return pItem->u.iConstExprReg;
       }
     }
@@ -95326,7 +96974,9 @@
 ** Generate code that pushes the value of every element of the given
 ** expression list into a sequence of registers beginning at target.
 **
-** Return the number of elements evaluated.
+** Return the number of elements evaluated.  The number returned will
+** usually be pList->nExpr but might be reduced if SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF
+** is defined.
 **
 ** The SQLITE_ECEL_DUP flag prevents the arguments from being
 ** filled using OP_SCopy.  OP_Copy must be used instead.
@@ -95337,6 +96987,8 @@
 ** The SQLITE_ECEL_REF flag means that expressions in the list with
 ** ExprList.a[].u.x.iOrderByCol>0 have already been evaluated and stored
 ** in registers at srcReg, and so the value can be copied from there.
+** If SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF is also set, then the values with u.x.iOrderByCol>0
+** are simply omitted rather than being copied from srcReg.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
   Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
@@ -95755,6 +97407,41 @@
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCopy);
 }
 
+/*
+** Expression pVar is guaranteed to be an SQL variable. pExpr may be any
+** type of expression.
+**
+** If pExpr is a simple SQL value - an integer, real, string, blob
+** or NULL value - then the VDBE currently being prepared is configured
+** to re-prepare each time a new value is bound to variable pVar.
+**
+** Additionally, if pExpr is a simple SQL value and the value is the
+** same as that currently bound to variable pVar, non-zero is returned.
+** Otherwise, if the values are not the same or if pExpr is not a simple
+** SQL value, zero is returned.
+*/
+static int exprCompareVariable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pVar, Expr *pExpr){
+  int res = 0;
+  int iVar;
+  sqlite3_value *pL, *pR = 0;
+  
+  sqlite3ValueFromExpr(pParse->db, pExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB, &pR);
+  if( pR ){
+    iVar = pVar->iColumn;
+    sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iVar);
+    pL = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pParse->pReprepare, iVar, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
+    if( pL ){
+      if( sqlite3_value_type(pL)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
+        sqlite3_value_text(pL); /* Make sure the encoding is UTF-8 */
+      }
+      res =  0==sqlite3MemCompare(pL, pR, 0);
+    }
+    sqlite3ValueFree(pR);
+    sqlite3ValueFree(pL);
+  }
+
+  return res;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Do a deep comparison of two expression trees.  Return 0 if the two
@@ -95777,12 +97464,22 @@
 ** this routine is used, it does not hurt to get an extra 2 - that
 ** just might result in some slightly slower code.  But returning
 ** an incorrect 0 or 1 could lead to a malfunction.
+**
+** If pParse is not NULL then TK_VARIABLE terms in pA with bindings in
+** pParse->pReprepare can be matched against literals in pB.  The 
+** pParse->pVdbe->expmask bitmask is updated for each variable referenced.
+** If pParse is NULL (the normal case) then any TK_VARIABLE term in 
+** Argument pParse should normally be NULL. If it is not NULL and pA or
+** pB causes a return value of 2.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompare(Parse *pParse, Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
   u32 combinedFlags;
   if( pA==0 || pB==0 ){
     return pB==pA ? 0 : 2;
   }
+  if( pParse && pA->op==TK_VARIABLE && exprCompareVariable(pParse, pA, pB) ){
+    return 0;
+  }
   combinedFlags = pA->flags | pB->flags;
   if( combinedFlags & EP_IntValue ){
     if( (pA->flags&pB->flags&EP_IntValue)!=0 && pA->u.iValue==pB->u.iValue ){
@@ -95791,10 +97488,10 @@
     return 2;
   }
   if( pA->op!=pB->op ){
-    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB, iTab)<2 ){
+    if( pA->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft,pB,iTab)<2 ){
       return 1;
     }
-    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pA, pB->pLeft, iTab)<2 ){
+    if( pB->op==TK_COLLATE && sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA,pB->pLeft,iTab)<2 ){
       return 1;
     }
     return 2;
@@ -95809,8 +97506,8 @@
   if( (pA->flags & EP_Distinct)!=(pB->flags & EP_Distinct) ) return 2;
   if( ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_TokenOnly)==0) ){
     if( combinedFlags & EP_xIsSelect ) return 2;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft, iTab) ) return 2;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pA->pRight, pB->pRight, iTab) ) return 2;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pLeft, pB->pLeft, iTab) ) return 2;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pA->pRight, pB->pRight, iTab) ) return 2;
     if( sqlite3ExprListCompare(pA->x.pList, pB->x.pList, iTab) ) return 2;
     if( ALWAYS((combinedFlags & EP_Reduced)==0) && pA->op!=TK_STRING ){
       if( pA->iColumn!=pB->iColumn ) return 2;
@@ -95845,7 +97542,7 @@
     Expr *pExprA = pA->a[i].pExpr;
     Expr *pExprB = pB->a[i].pExpr;
     if( pA->a[i].sortOrder!=pB->a[i].sortOrder ) return 1;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExprA, pExprB, iTab) ) return 1;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExprA, pExprB, iTab) ) return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -95855,7 +97552,7 @@
 ** are ignored.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(Expr *pA, Expr *pB, int iTab){
-  return sqlite3ExprCompare(
+  return sqlite3ExprCompare(0,
              sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pA),
              sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pB),
              iTab);
@@ -95877,24 +97574,29 @@
 ** When comparing TK_COLUMN nodes between pE1 and pE2, if pE2 has
 ** Expr.iTable<0 then assume a table number given by iTab.
 **
+** If pParse is not NULL, then the values of bound variables in pE1 are 
+** compared against literal values in pE2 and pParse->pVdbe->expmask is
+** modified to record which bound variables are referenced.  If pParse 
+** is NULL, then false will be returned if pE1 contains any bound variables.
+**
 ** When in doubt, return false.  Returning true might give a performance
 ** improvement.  Returning false might cause a performance reduction, but
 ** it will always give the correct answer and is hence always safe.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2, int iTab){
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pE1, pE2, iTab)==0 ){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pE1, Expr *pE2, int iTab){
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pE1, pE2, iTab)==0 ){
     return 1;
   }
   if( pE2->op==TK_OR
-   && (sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pE1, pE2->pLeft, iTab)
-             || sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pE1, pE2->pRight, iTab) )
+   && (sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pE1, pE2->pLeft, iTab)
+             || sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pE1, pE2->pRight, iTab) )
   ){
     return 1;
   }
   if( pE2->op==TK_NOTNULL && pE1->op!=TK_ISNULL && pE1->op!=TK_IS ){
     Expr *pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pE1->pLeft);
     testcase( pX!=pE1->pLeft );
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pX, pE2->pLeft, iTab)==0 ) return 1;
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pParse, pX, pE2->pLeft, iTab)==0 ) return 1;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -96002,8 +97704,8 @@
   Walker w;
   struct SrcCount cnt;
   assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = exprSrcCount;
+  w.xSelectCallback = 0;
   w.u.pSrcCount = &cnt;
   cnt.pSrc = pSrcList;
   cnt.nThis = 0;
@@ -96135,7 +97837,7 @@
         */
         struct AggInfo_func *pItem = pAggInfo->aFunc;
         for(i=0; i<pAggInfo->nFunc; i++, pItem++){
-          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pItem->pExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
+          if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pItem->pExpr, pExpr, -1)==0 ){
             break;
           }
         }
@@ -96175,10 +97877,14 @@
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 static int analyzeAggregatesInSelect(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
-  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pWalker);
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
+  pWalker->walkerDepth++;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
+static void analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd(Walker *pWalker, Select *pSelect){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER(pSelect);
+  pWalker->walkerDepth--;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Analyze the pExpr expression looking for aggregate functions and
@@ -96191,9 +97897,10 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(NameContext *pNC, Expr *pExpr){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = analyzeAggregate;
   w.xSelectCallback = analyzeAggregatesInSelect;
+  w.xSelectCallback2 = analyzeAggregatesInSelectEnd;
+  w.walkerDepth = 0;
   w.u.pNC = pNC;
   assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
   sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, pExpr);
@@ -96294,8 +98001,8 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NoTempsInRange(Parse *pParse, int iFirst, int iLast){
   int i;
   if( pParse->nRangeReg>0
-   && pParse->iRangeReg+pParse->nRangeReg<iLast
-   && pParse->iRangeReg>=iFirst
+   && pParse->iRangeReg+pParse->nRangeReg > iFirst
+   && pParse->iRangeReg <= iLast
   ){
      return 0;
   }
@@ -96687,7 +98394,7 @@
 ** Or, if zName is not a system table, zero is returned.
 */
 static int isSystemTable(Parse *pParse, const char *zName){
-  if( sqlite3Strlen30(zName)>6 && 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
+  if( 0==sqlite3StrNICmp(zName, "sqlite_", 7) ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s may not be altered", zName);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -96715,9 +98422,9 @@
   char *zWhere = 0;         /* Where clause to locate temp triggers */
 #endif
   VTable *pVTab = 0;        /* Non-zero if this is a v-tab with an xRename() */
-  int savedDbFlags;         /* Saved value of db->flags */
+  u32 savedDbFlags;         /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
 
-  savedDbFlags = db->flags;  
+  savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;  
   if( NEVER(db->mallocFailed) ) goto exit_rename_table;
   assert( pSrc->nSrc==1 );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsAllMutexes(pParse->db) );
@@ -96726,7 +98433,7 @@
   if( !pTab ) goto exit_rename_table;
   iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
   zDb = db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_PreferBuiltin;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
 
   /* Get a NULL terminated version of the new table name. */
   zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pName);
@@ -96891,7 +98598,7 @@
 exit_rename_table:
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pSrc);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
-  db->flags = savedDbFlags;
+  db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -96992,11 +98699,11 @@
   zCol = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pColDef->z, pColDef->n);
   if( zCol ){
     char *zEnd = &zCol[pColDef->n-1];
-    int savedDbFlags = db->flags;
+    u32 savedDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
     while( zEnd>zCol && (*zEnd==';' || sqlite3Isspace(*zEnd)) ){
       *zEnd-- = '\0';
     }
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_PreferBuiltin;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin;
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, 
         "UPDATE \"%w\".%s SET "
           "sql = substr(sql,1,%d) || ', ' || %Q || substr(sql,%d) "
@@ -97005,7 +98712,7 @@
       zTab
     );
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zCol);
-    db->flags = savedDbFlags;
+    db->mDbFlags = savedDbFlags;
   }
 
   /* Make sure the schema version is at least 3.  But do not upgrade
@@ -97357,6 +99064,10 @@
            "DELETE FROM %Q.%s WHERE %s=%Q",
            pDb->zDbSName, zTab, zWhereType, zWhere
         );
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+      }else if( db->xPreUpdateCallback ){
+        sqlite3NestedParse(pParse, "DELETE FROM %Q.%s", pDb->zDbSName, zTab);
+#endif
       }else{
         /* The sqlite_stat[134] table already exists.  Delete all rows. */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Clear, aRoot[i], iDb);
@@ -98121,6 +99832,9 @@
   int regIdxname = iMem++;     /* Register containing index name */
   int regStat1 = iMem++;       /* Value for the stat column of sqlite_stat1 */
   int regPrev = iMem;          /* MUST BE LAST (see below) */
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+  Table *pStat1 = 0; 
+#endif
 
   pParse->nMem = MAX(pParse->nMem, iMem);
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
@@ -98146,6 +99860,18 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+  if( db->xPreUpdateCallback ){
+    pStat1 = (Table*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table) + 13);
+    if( pStat1==0 ) return;
+    pStat1->zName = (char*)&pStat1[1];
+    memcpy(pStat1->zName, "sqlite_stat1", 13);
+    pStat1->nCol = 3;
+    pStat1->iPKey = -1;
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Noop, 0, 0, 0,(char*)pStat1,P4_DYNBLOB);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* Establish a read-lock on the table at the shared-cache level. 
   ** Open a read-only cursor on the table. Also allocate a cursor number
   ** to use for scanning indexes (iIdxCur). No index cursor is opened at
@@ -98347,6 +100073,9 @@
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTabname, 3, regTemp, "BBB", 0);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regTemp, regNewRowid);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pStat1, P4_TABLE);
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
 
     /* Add the entries to the stat3 or stat4 table. */
@@ -98410,6 +100139,9 @@
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iStatCur, regNewRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iStatCur, regTemp, regNewRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pStat1, P4_TABLE);
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jZeroRows);
   }
 }
@@ -99106,7 +100838,8 @@
   char *zPath = 0;
   char *zErr = 0;
   unsigned int flags;
-  Db *aNew;
+  Db *aNew;                 /* New array of Db pointers */
+  Db *pNew;                 /* Db object for the newly attached database */
   char *zErrDyn = 0;
   sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;
 
@@ -99129,10 +100862,6 @@
     );
     goto attach_error;
   }
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "cannot ATTACH database within transaction");
-    goto attach_error;
-  }
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     char *z = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
     assert( z && zName );
@@ -99154,8 +100883,8 @@
     if( aNew==0 ) return;
   }
   db->aDb = aNew;
-  aNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb];
-  memset(aNew, 0, sizeof(*aNew));
+  pNew = &db->aDb[db->nDb];
+  memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
 
   /* Open the database file. If the btree is successfully opened, use
   ** it to obtain the database schema. At this point the schema may
@@ -99171,7 +100900,7 @@
   }
   assert( pVfs );
   flags |= SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB;
-  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, zPath, db, &aNew->pBt, 0, flags);
+  rc = sqlite3BtreeOpen(pVfs, zPath, db, &pNew->pBt, 0, flags);
   sqlite3_free( zPath );
   db->nDb++;
   db->skipBtreeMutex = 0;
@@ -99180,28 +100909,28 @@
     zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "database is already attached");
   }else if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     Pager *pPager;
-    aNew->pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, aNew->pBt);
-    if( !aNew->pSchema ){
+    pNew->pSchema = sqlite3SchemaGet(db, pNew->pBt);
+    if( !pNew->pSchema ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    }else if( aNew->pSchema->file_format && aNew->pSchema->enc!=ENC(db) ){
+    }else if( pNew->pSchema->file_format && pNew->pSchema->enc!=ENC(db) ){
       zErrDyn = sqlite3MPrintf(db, 
         "attached databases must use the same text encoding as main database");
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
-    sqlite3BtreeEnter(aNew->pBt);
-    pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(aNew->pBt);
+    sqlite3BtreeEnter(pNew->pBt);
+    pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pNew->pBt);
     sqlite3PagerLockingMode(pPager, db->dfltLockMode);
-    sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(aNew->pBt,
+    sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(pNew->pBt,
                              sqlite3BtreeSecureDelete(db->aDb[0].pBt,-1) );
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS
-    sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(aNew->pBt,
+    sqlite3BtreeSetPagerFlags(pNew->pBt,
                       PAGER_SYNCHRONOUS_FULL | (db->flags & PAGER_FLAGS_MASK));
 #endif
-    sqlite3BtreeLeave(aNew->pBt);
+    sqlite3BtreeLeave(pNew->pBt);
   }
-  aNew->safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
-  aNew->zDbSName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && aNew->zDbSName==0 ){
+  pNew->safety_level = SQLITE_DEFAULT_SYNCHRONOUS+1;
+  pNew->zDbSName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pNew->zDbSName==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
@@ -99324,11 +101053,6 @@
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "cannot detach database %s", zName);
     goto detach_error;
   }
-  if( !db->autoCommit ){
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr), zErr,
-                     "cannot DETACH database within transaction");
-    goto detach_error;
-  }
   if( sqlite3BtreeIsInReadTrans(pDb->pBt) || sqlite3BtreeIsInBackup(pDb->pBt) ){
     sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zErr),zErr, "database %s is locked", zName);
     goto detach_error;
@@ -99549,9 +101273,6 @@
     if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pSelect->pLimit) ){
       return 1;
     }
-    if( sqlite3FixExpr(pFix, pSelect->pOffset) ){
-      return 1;
-    }
     pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
   }
   return 0;
@@ -99741,11 +101462,9 @@
 #endif
                 );
   if( rc==SQLITE_DENY ){
-    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ){
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s.%s is prohibited",zDb,zTab,zCol);
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %s.%s is prohibited", zTab, zCol);
-    }
+    char *z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%s", zTab, zCol);
+    if( db->nDb>2 || iDb!=0 ) z = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%z", zDb, z);
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "access to %z is prohibited", z);
     pParse->rc = SQLITE_AUTH;
   }else if( rc!=SQLITE_IGNORE && rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     sqliteAuthBadReturnCode(pParse);
@@ -100378,7 +102097,7 @@
     }
     freeIndex(db, pIndex);
   }
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100413,28 +102132,26 @@
 
 /*
 ** Reset the schema for the database at index iDb.  Also reset the
-** TEMP schema.
+** TEMP schema.  The reset is deferred if db->nSchemaLock is not zero.
+** Deferred resets may be run by calling with iDb<0.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3 *db, int iDb){
-  Db *pDb;
+  int i;
   assert( iDb<db->nDb );
 
-  /* Case 1:  Reset the single schema identified by iDb */
-  pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
-  assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
-  assert( pDb->pSchema!=0 );
-  sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
-
-  /* If any database other than TEMP is reset, then also reset TEMP
-  ** since TEMP might be holding triggers that reference tables in the
-  ** other database.
-  */
-  if( iDb!=1 ){
-    pDb = &db->aDb[1];
-    assert( pDb->pSchema!=0 );
-    sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
+  if( iDb>=0 ){
+    assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, iDb, 0) );
+    DbSetProperty(db, iDb, DB_ResetWanted);
+    DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_ResetWanted);
   }
-  return;
+
+  if( db->nSchemaLock==0 ){
+    for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+      if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_ResetWanted) ){
+        sqlite3SchemaClear(db->aDb[i].pSchema);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100444,13 +102161,14 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3 *db){
   int i;
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
+  assert( db->nSchemaLock==0 );
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     Db *pDb = &db->aDb[i];
     if( pDb->pSchema ){
       sqlite3SchemaClear(pDb->pSchema);
     }
   }
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   sqlite3VtabUnlockList(db);
   sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
   sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(db);
@@ -100460,7 +102178,7 @@
 ** This routine is called when a commit occurs.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3 *db){
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100498,13 +102216,16 @@
 */
 static void SQLITE_NOINLINE deleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   Index *pIndex, *pNext;
-  TESTONLY( int nLookaside; ) /* Used to verify lookaside not used for schema */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
   /* Record the number of outstanding lookaside allocations in schema Tables
   ** prior to doing any free() operations.  Since schema Tables do not use
   ** lookaside, this number should not change. */
-  TESTONLY( nLookaside = (db && (pTable->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0) ?
-                         db->lookaside.nOut : 0 );
+  int nLookaside = 0;
+  if( db && (pTable->tabFlags & TF_Ephemeral)==0 ){
+    nLookaside = sqlite3LookasideUsed(db, 0);
+  }
+#endif
 
   /* Delete all indices associated with this table. */
   for(pIndex = pTable->pIndex; pIndex; pIndex=pNext){
@@ -100538,7 +102259,7 @@
   sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);
 
   /* Verify that no lookaside memory was used by schema tables */
-  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==db->lookaside.nOut );
+  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0) );
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteTable(sqlite3 *db, Table *pTable){
   /* Do not delete the table until the reference count reaches zero. */
@@ -100564,7 +102285,7 @@
   pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
   p = sqlite3HashInsert(&pDb->pSchema->tblHash, zTabName, 0);
   sqlite3DeleteTable(db, p);
-  db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -100677,7 +102398,8 @@
       return -1;
     }
   }else{
-    assert( db->init.iDb==0 || db->init.busy || (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)!=0);
+    assert( db->init.iDb==0 || db->init.busy
+             || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0);
     iDb = db->init.iDb;
     *pUnqual = pName1;
   }
@@ -100838,7 +102560,11 @@
   pTable->iPKey = -1;
   pTable->pSchema = db->aDb[iDb].pSchema;
   pTable->nTabRef = 1;
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST
+  pTable->nRowLogEst = sqlite3LogEst(SQLITE_DEFAULT_ROWEST);
+#else
   pTable->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
+#endif
   assert( pParse->pNewTable==0 );
   pParse->pNewTable = pTable;
 
@@ -100905,7 +102631,8 @@
     }else
 #endif
     {
-      pParse->addrCrTab = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateTable, iDb, reg2);
+      pParse->addrCrTab =
+         sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_CreateBtree, iDb, reg2, BTREE_INTKEY);
     }
     sqlite3OpenMasterTable(pParse, iDb);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, 0, reg1);
@@ -100954,12 +102681,10 @@
   Column *pCol;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   if( (p = pParse->pNewTable)==0 ) return;
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
   if( p->nCol+1>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns on %s", p->zName);
     return;
   }
-#endif
   z = sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, pName->n + pType->n + 2);
   if( z==0 ) return;
   memcpy(z, pName->z, pName->n);
@@ -101114,34 +102839,37 @@
 ** This routine is called by the parser while in the middle of
 ** parsing a CREATE TABLE statement.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(Parse *pParse, ExprSpan *pSpan){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3AddDefaultValue(
+  Parse *pParse,           /* Parsing context */
+  Expr *pExpr,             /* The parsed expression of the default value */
+  const char *zStart,      /* Start of the default value text */
+  const char *zEnd         /* First character past end of defaut value text */
+){
   Table *p;
   Column *pCol;
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   p = pParse->pNewTable;
   if( p!=0 ){
     pCol = &(p->aCol[p->nCol-1]);
-    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pSpan->pExpr, db->init.busy) ){
+    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(pExpr, db->init.busy) ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "default value of column [%s] is not constant",
           pCol->zName);
     }else{
       /* A copy of pExpr is used instead of the original, as pExpr contains
-      ** tokens that point to volatile memory. The 'span' of the expression
-      ** is required by pragma table_info.
+      ** tokens that point to volatile memory.	
       */
       Expr x;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pCol->pDflt);
       memset(&x, 0, sizeof(x));
       x.op = TK_SPAN;
-      x.u.zToken = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pSpan->zStart,
-                                    (int)(pSpan->zEnd - pSpan->zStart));
-      x.pLeft = pSpan->pExpr;
+      x.u.zToken = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
+      x.pLeft = pExpr;
       x.flags = EP_Skip;
       pCol->pDflt = sqlite3ExprDup(db, &x, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
       sqlite3DbFree(db, x.u.zToken);
     }
   }
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pSpan->pExpr);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -101565,9 +103293,8 @@
 ** Changes include:
 **
 **     (1)  Set all columns of the PRIMARY KEY schema object to be NOT NULL.
-**     (2)  Convert the OP_CreateTable into an OP_CreateIndex.  There is
-**          no rowid btree for a WITHOUT ROWID.  Instead, the canonical
-**          data storage is a covering index btree.
+**     (2)  Convert P3 parameter of the OP_CreateBtree from BTREE_INTKEY 
+**          into BTREE_BLOBKEY.
 **     (3)  Bypass the creation of the sqlite_master table entry
 **          for the PRIMARY KEY as the primary key index is now
 **          identified by the sqlite_master table entry of the table itself.
@@ -101575,7 +103302,7 @@
 **          schema to the rootpage from the main table.
 **     (5)  Add all table columns to the PRIMARY KEY Index object
 **          so that the PRIMARY KEY is a covering index.  The surplus
-**          columns are part of KeyInfo.nXField and are not used for
+**          columns are part of KeyInfo.nAllField and are not used for
 **          sorting or lookup or uniqueness checks.
 **     (6)  Replace the rowid tail on all automatically generated UNIQUE
 **          indices with the PRIMARY KEY columns.
@@ -101604,13 +103331,12 @@
   ** virtual tables */
   if( IN_DECLARE_VTAB ) return;
 
-  /* Convert the OP_CreateTable opcode that would normally create the
-  ** root-page for the table into an OP_CreateIndex opcode.  The index
-  ** created will become the PRIMARY KEY index.
+  /* Convert the P3 operand of the OP_CreateBtree opcode from BTREE_INTKEY
+  ** into BTREE_BLOBKEY.
   */
   if( pParse->addrCrTab ){
     assert( v );
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeOpcode(v, pParse->addrCrTab, OP_CreateIndex);
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, pParse->addrCrTab, BTREE_BLOBKEY);
   }
 
   /* Locate the PRIMARY KEY index.  Or, if this table was originally
@@ -101860,10 +103586,6 @@
       pParse->nTab = 2;
       addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
-      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
-      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
-      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
-      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);
       if( pParse->nErr ) return;
       pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSelect);
       if( pSelTab==0 ) return;
@@ -101873,6 +103595,11 @@
       pSelTab->nCol = 0;
       pSelTab->aCol = 0;
       sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
+      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
+      sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
+      if( pParse->nErr ) return;
+      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
+      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);
       addrInsLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, dest.iSDParm);
       VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, dest.iSdst, dest.nSdst, regRec);
@@ -101950,7 +103677,7 @@
       return;
     }
     pParse->pNewTable = 0;
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_ALTERTABLE
     if( !p->pSelect ){
@@ -102015,7 +103742,7 @@
   ** the end.
   */
   sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;
-  assert( sEnd.z[0]!=0 );
+  assert( sEnd.z[0]!=0 || sEnd.n==0 );
   if( sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
     sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
   }
@@ -102049,6 +103776,9 @@
   int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
   int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE	
+  int rc;
+#endif
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
   sqlite3_xauth xAuth;       /* Saved xAuth pointer */
 #endif
@@ -102056,8 +103786,11 @@
   assert( pTable );
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  db->nSchemaLock++;
+  rc = sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable);
+  db->nSchemaLock--;
+  if( rc ){
+    return 1;
   }
   if( IsVirtual(pTable) ) return 0;
 #endif
@@ -102253,14 +103986,6 @@
 ** is also added (this can happen with an auto-vacuum database).
 */
 static void destroyTable(Parse *pParse, Table *pTab){
-#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
-  Index *pIdx;
-  int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
-  destroyRootPage(pParse, pTab->tnum, iDb);
-  for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-    destroyRootPage(pParse, pIdx->tnum, iDb);
-  }
-#else
   /* If the database may be auto-vacuum capable (if SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOVACUUM
   ** is not defined), then it is important to call OP_Destroy on the
   ** table and index root-pages in order, starting with the numerically 
@@ -102303,7 +104028,6 @@
       iDestroyed = iLargest;
     }
   }
-#endif
 }
 
 /*
@@ -102730,7 +104454,7 @@
     addr2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
   }
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_SorterData, iSorter, regRecord, iIdx);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Last, iIdx, 0, -1);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iIdx);
   sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iIdx, regRecord);
   sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT);
   sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRecord);
@@ -103219,7 +104943,7 @@
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
       goto exit_create_index;
     }
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
     if( pTblName!=0 ){
       pIndex->tnum = db->init.newTnum;
     }
@@ -103255,7 +104979,7 @@
     ** that case the convertToWithoutRowidTable() routine will replace
     ** the Noop with a Goto to jump over the VDBE code generated below. */
     pIndex->tnum = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Noop);
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_CreateIndex, iDb, iMem);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_CreateBtree, iDb, iMem, BTREE_BLOBKEY);
 
     /* Gather the complete text of the CREATE INDEX statement into
     ** the zStmt variable
@@ -103667,12 +105391,12 @@
     pDatabase = 0;
   }
   if( pDatabase ){
-    Token *pTemp = pDatabase;
-    pDatabase = pTable;
-    pTable = pTemp;
+    pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pDatabase);
+    pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
+  }else{
+    pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
+    pItem->zDatabase = 0;
   }
-  pItem->zName = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pTable);
-  pItem->zDatabase = sqlite3NameFromToken(db, pDatabase);
   return pList;
 }
 
@@ -103750,9 +105474,10 @@
     goto append_from_error;
   }
   p = sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, p, pTable, pDatabase);
-  if( p==0 || NEVER(p->nSrc==0) ){
+  if( p==0 ){
     goto append_from_error;
   }
+  assert( p->nSrc>0 );
   pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
   assert( pAlias!=0 );
   if( pAlias->n ){
@@ -103777,8 +105502,10 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(Parse *pParse, SrcList *p, Token *pIndexedBy){
   assert( pIndexedBy!=0 );
-  if( p && ALWAYS(p->nSrc>0) ){
-    struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
+  if( p && pIndexedBy->n>0 ){
+    struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+    assert( p->nSrc>0 );
+    pItem = &p->a[p->nSrc-1];
     assert( pItem->fg.notIndexed==0 );
     assert( pItem->fg.isIndexedBy==0 );
     assert( pItem->fg.isTabFunc==0 );
@@ -103788,7 +105515,7 @@
       pItem->fg.notIndexed = 1;
     }else{
       pItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3NameFromToken(pParse->db, pIndexedBy);
-      pItem->fg.isIndexedBy = (pItem->u1.zIndexedBy!=0);
+      pItem->fg.isIndexedBy = 1;
     }
   }
 }
@@ -103861,36 +105588,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** Generate VDBE code for a COMMIT statement.
+** Generate VDBE code for a COMMIT or ROLLBACK statement.
+** Code for ROLLBACK is generated if eType==TK_ROLLBACK.  Otherwise
+** code is generated for a COMMIT.
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3CommitTransaction(Parse *pParse){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse *pParse, int eType){
   Vdbe *v;
+  int isRollback;
 
   assert( pParse!=0 );
   assert( pParse->db!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "COMMIT", 0, 0) ){
+  assert( eType==TK_COMMIT || eType==TK_END || eType==TK_ROLLBACK );
+  isRollback = eType==TK_ROLLBACK;
+  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, 
+       isRollback ? "ROLLBACK" : "COMMIT", 0, 0) ){
     return;
   }
   v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
   if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1);
-  }
-}
-
-/*
-** Generate VDBE code for a ROLLBACK statement.
-*/
-SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3RollbackTransaction(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v;
-
-  assert( pParse!=0 );
-  assert( pParse->db!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_TRANSACTION, "ROLLBACK", 0, 0) ){
-    return;
-  }
-  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
-  if( v ){
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, 1);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AutoCommit, 1, isRollback);
   }
 }
 
@@ -104080,7 +105796,9 @@
       assert( pIdx->aiColumn[j]>=0 );
       zCol = pTab->aCol[pIdx->aiColumn[j]].zName;
       if( j ) sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg, ", ", 2);
-      sqlite3XPrintf(&errMsg, "%s.%s", pTab->zName, zCol);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&errMsg, pTab->zName);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppend(&errMsg, ".", 1);
+      sqlite3StrAccumAppendAll(&errMsg, zCol);
     }
   }
   zErr = sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&errMsg);
@@ -104268,6 +105986,18 @@
       pKey->aSortOrder[i] = pIdx->aSortOrder[i];
     }
     if( pParse->nErr ){
+      assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ );
+      if( pIdx->bNoQuery==0 ){
+        /* Deactivate the index because it contains an unknown collating
+        ** sequence.  The only way to reactive the index is to reload the
+        ** schema.  Adding the missing collating sequence later does not
+        ** reactive the index.  The application had the chance to register
+        ** the missing index using the collation-needed callback.  For
+        ** simplicity, SQLite will not give the application a second chance.
+        */
+        pIdx->bNoQuery = 1;
+        pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY;
+      }
       sqlite3KeyInfoUnref(pKey);
       pKey = 0;
     }
@@ -104453,6 +106183,7 @@
   assert( !p || p->xCmp );
   if( p==0 ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such collation sequence: %s", zName);
+    pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ;
   }
   return p;
 }
@@ -104469,7 +106200,7 @@
 ** from the main database is substituted, if one is available.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CheckCollSeq(Parse *pParse, CollSeq *pColl){
-  if( pColl ){
+  if( pColl && pColl->xCmp==0 ){
     const char *zName = pColl->zName;
     sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
     CollSeq *p = sqlite3GetCollSeq(pParse, ENC(db), pColl, zName);
@@ -104505,8 +106236,8 @@
   pColl = sqlite3HashFind(&db->aCollSeq, zName);
 
   if( 0==pColl && create ){
-    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName + 1);
+    int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName) + 1;
+    pColl = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, 3*sizeof(*pColl) + nName);
     if( pColl ){
       CollSeq *pDel = 0;
       pColl[0].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
@@ -104516,7 +106247,6 @@
       pColl[2].zName = (char*)&pColl[3];
       pColl[2].enc = SQLITE_UTF16BE;
       memcpy(pColl[0].zName, zName, nName);
-      pColl[0].zName[nName] = 0;
       pDel = sqlite3HashInsert(&db->aCollSeq, pColl[0].zName, pColl);
 
       /* If a malloc() failure occurred in sqlite3HashInsert(), it will 
@@ -104656,7 +106386,8 @@
     FuncDef *pOther;
     const char *zName = aDef[i].zName;
     int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-    int h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
+    int h = (zName[0] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
+    assert( zName[0]>='a' && zName[0]<='z' );
     pOther = functionSearch(h, zName);
     if( pOther ){
       assert( pOther!=&aDef[i] && pOther->pNext!=&aDef[i] );
@@ -104722,7 +106453,7 @@
 
   /* If no match is found, search the built-in functions.
   **
-  ** If the SQLITE_PreferBuiltin flag is set, then search the built-in
+  ** If the DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin flag is set, then search the built-in
   ** functions even if a prior app-defined function was found.  And give
   ** priority to built-in functions.
   **
@@ -104732,7 +106463,7 @@
   ** new function.  But the FuncDefs for built-in functions are read-only.
   ** So we must not search for built-ins when creating a new function.
   */ 
-  if( !createFlag && (pBest==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_PreferBuiltin)!=0) ){
+  if( !createFlag && (pBest==0 || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin)!=0) ){
     bestScore = 0;
     h = (sqlite3UpperToLower[(u8)zName[0]] + nName) % SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ;
     p = functionSearch(h, zName);
@@ -104805,8 +106536,8 @@
   pSchema->pSeqTab = 0;
   if( pSchema->schemaFlags & DB_SchemaLoaded ){
     pSchema->iGeneration++;
-    pSchema->schemaFlags &= ~DB_SchemaLoaded;
   }
+  pSchema->schemaFlags &= ~(DB_SchemaLoaded|DB_ResetWanted);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -104926,6 +106657,8 @@
   Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
   Table *pView,        /* View definition */
   Expr *pWhere,        /* Optional WHERE clause to be added */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,  /* Optional ORDER BY clause */
+  Expr *pLimit,        /* Optional LIMIT clause */
   int iCur             /* Cursor number for ephemeral table */
 ){
   SelectDest dest;
@@ -104942,8 +106675,8 @@
     assert( pFrom->a[0].pOn==0 );
     assert( pFrom->a[0].pUsing==0 );
   }
-  pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 
-                          SF_IncludeHidden, 0, 0);
+  pSel = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, pFrom, pWhere, 0, 0, pOrderBy, 
+                          SF_IncludeHidden, pLimit);
   sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, iCur);
   sqlite3Select(pParse, pSel, &dest);
   sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
@@ -104965,29 +106698,29 @@
   Expr *pWhere,                /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
   ExprList *pOrderBy,          /* The ORDER BY clause.  May be null */
   Expr *pLimit,                /* The LIMIT clause.  May be null */
-  Expr *pOffset,               /* The OFFSET clause.  May be null */
   char *zStmtType              /* Either DELETE or UPDATE.  For err msgs. */
 ){
-  Expr *pWhereRowid = NULL;    /* WHERE rowid .. */
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Expr *pLhs = NULL;           /* LHS of IN(SELECT...) operator */
   Expr *pInClause = NULL;      /* WHERE rowid IN ( select ) */
-  Expr *pSelectRowid = NULL;   /* SELECT rowid ... */
   ExprList *pEList = NULL;     /* Expression list contaning only pSelectRowid */
   SrcList *pSelectSrc = NULL;  /* SELECT rowid FROM x ... (dup of pSrc) */
   Select *pSelect = NULL;      /* Complete SELECT tree */
+  Table *pTab;
 
   /* Check that there isn't an ORDER BY without a LIMIT clause.
   */
-  if( pOrderBy && (pLimit == 0) ) {
+  if( pOrderBy && pLimit==0 ) {
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "ORDER BY without LIMIT on %s", zStmtType);
-    goto limit_where_cleanup;
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
+    return 0;
   }
 
   /* We only need to generate a select expression if there
   ** is a limit/offset term to enforce.
   */
   if( pLimit == 0 ) {
-    /* if pLimit is null, pOffset will always be null as well. */
-    assert( pOffset == 0 );
     return pWhere;
   }
 
@@ -105000,36 +106733,47 @@
   **   );
   */
 
-  pSelectRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
-  if( pSelectRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup;
-  pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pSelectRowid);
-  if( pEList == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup;
+  pTab = pSrc->a[0].pTab;
+  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+    pLhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
+    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(
+        pParse, 0, sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0)
+    );
+  }else{
+    Index *pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+    if( pPk->nKeyCol==1 ){
+      const char *zName = pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[0]].zName;
+      pLhs = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zName);
+      pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, zName));
+    }else{
+      int i;
+      for(i=0; i<pPk->nKeyCol; i++){
+        Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_ID, pTab->aCol[pPk->aiColumn[i]].zName);
+        pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pEList, p);
+      }
+      pLhs = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+      if( pLhs ){
+        pLhs->x.pList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }
 
   /* duplicate the FROM clause as it is needed by both the DELETE/UPDATE tree
   ** and the SELECT subtree. */
+  pSrc->a[0].pTab = 0;
   pSelectSrc = sqlite3SrcListDup(pParse->db, pSrc, 0);
-  if( pSelectSrc == 0 ) {
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pEList);
-    goto limit_where_cleanup;
-  }
+  pSrc->a[0].pTab = pTab;
+  pSrc->a[0].pIBIndex = 0;
 
   /* generate the SELECT expression tree. */
-  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,pEList,pSelectSrc,pWhere,0,0,
-                             pOrderBy,0,pLimit,pOffset);
-  if( pSelect == 0 ) return 0;
+  pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pEList, pSelectSrc, pWhere, 0 ,0, 
+      pOrderBy,0,pLimit
+  );
 
   /* now generate the new WHERE rowid IN clause for the DELETE/UDPATE */
-  pWhereRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0);
-  pInClause = pWhereRowid ? sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pWhereRowid, 0) : 0;
+  pInClause = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pLhs, 0);
   sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, pInClause, pSelect);
   return pInClause;
-
-limit_where_cleanup:
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pWhere);
-  sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pOrderBy);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pLimit);
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pOffset);
-  return 0;
 }
 #endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) */
        /*      && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */
@@ -105044,7 +106788,9 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3DeleteFrom(
   Parse *pParse,         /* The parser context */
   SrcList *pTabList,     /* The table from which we should delete things */
-  Expr *pWhere           /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
+  Expr *pWhere,          /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,    /* ORDER BY clause. May be null */
+  Expr *pLimit           /* LIMIT clause. May be null */
 ){
   Vdbe *v;               /* The virtual database engine */
   Table *pTab;           /* The table from which records will be deleted */
@@ -105089,6 +106835,7 @@
   }
   assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
 
+
   /* Locate the table which we want to delete.  This table has to be
   ** put in an SrcList structure because some of the subroutines we
   ** will be calling are designed to work with multiple tables and expect
@@ -105103,16 +106850,26 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER
   pTrigger = sqlite3TriggersExist(pParse, pTab, TK_DELETE, 0, 0);
   isView = pTab->pSelect!=0;
-  bComplex = pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0);
 #else
 # define pTrigger 0
 # define isView 0
 #endif
+  bComplex = pTrigger || sqlite3FkRequired(pParse, pTab, 0, 0);
 #ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
 # undef isView
 # define isView 0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  if( !isView ){
+    pWhere = sqlite3LimitWhere(
+        pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, "DELETE"
+    );
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* If pTab is really a view, make sure it has been initialized.
   */
   if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
@@ -105160,8 +106917,12 @@
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
   if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iTabCur);
+    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 
+        pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, iTabCur
+    );
     iDataCur = iIdxCur = iTabCur;
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -105189,7 +106950,7 @@
   ** API function sqlite3_count_changes) to be set incorrectly.
   **
   ** The "rcauth==SQLITE_OK" terms is the
-  ** IMPLEMENATION-OF: R-17228-37124 If the action code is SQLITE_DELETE and
+  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-17228-37124 If the action code is SQLITE_DELETE and
   ** the callback returns SQLITE_IGNORE then the DELETE operation proceeds but
   ** the truncate optimization is disabled and all rows are deleted
   ** individually.
@@ -105295,7 +107056,7 @@
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEphCur, iKey, iPk, nPk);
       }else{
         /* Add the rowid of the row to be deleted to the RowSet */
-        nKey = 1;  /* OP_Seek always uses a single rowid */
+        nKey = 1;  /* OP_DeferredSeek always uses a single rowid */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, iKey);
       }
     }
@@ -105338,7 +107099,11 @@
       }
     }else if( pPk ){
       addrLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iEphCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iEphCur, iKey);
+      if( IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iEphCur, 0, iKey);
+      }else{
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, iEphCur, iKey);
+      }
       assert( nKey==0 );  /* OP_Found will use a composite key */
     }else{
       addrLoop = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowSetRead, iRowSet, 0, iKey);
@@ -105401,6 +107166,10 @@
   sqlite3AuthContextPop(&sContext);
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) 
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLimit);
+#endif
   sqlite3DbFree(db, aToOpen);
   return;
 }
@@ -105558,7 +107327,7 @@
     u8 p5 = 0;
     sqlite3GenerateRowIndexDelete(pParse, pTab, iDataCur, iIdxCur,0,iIdxNoSeek);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Delete, iDataCur, (count?OPFLAG_NCHANGE:0));
-    if( pParse->nested==0 ){
+    if( pParse->nested==0 || 0==sqlite3_stricmp(pTab->zName, "sqlite_stat1") ){
       sqlite3VdbeAppendP4(v, (char*)pTab, P4_TABLE);
     }
     if( eMode!=ONEPASS_OFF ){
@@ -105688,10 +107457,11 @@
   if( piPartIdxLabel ){
     if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
       *piPartIdxLabel = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-      pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur;
+      pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
       sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, *piPartIdxLabel, 
                             SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
     }else{
       *piPartIdxLabel = 0;
     }
@@ -105819,16 +107589,20 @@
   int NotUsed,
   sqlite3_value **argv
 ){
-  const char *z = 0;
+  static const char *azType[] = { "integer", "real", "text", "blob", "null" };
+  int i = sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) - 1;
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(NotUsed);
-  switch( sqlite3_value_type(argv[0]) ){
-    case SQLITE_INTEGER: z = "integer"; break;
-    case SQLITE_TEXT:    z = "text";    break;
-    case SQLITE_FLOAT:   z = "real";    break;
-    case SQLITE_BLOB:    z = "blob";    break;
-    default:             z = "null";    break;
-  }
-  sqlite3_result_text(context, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+  assert( i>=0 && i<ArraySize(azType) );
+  assert( SQLITE_INTEGER==1 );
+  assert( SQLITE_FLOAT==2 );
+  assert( SQLITE_TEXT==3 );
+  assert( SQLITE_BLOB==4 );
+  assert( SQLITE_NULL==5 );
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-01470-60482 The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns
+  ** the datatype code for the initial datatype of the sqlite3_value object
+  ** V. The returned value is one of SQLITE_INTEGER, SQLITE_FLOAT,
+  ** SQLITE_TEXT, SQLITE_BLOB, or SQLITE_NULL. */
+  sqlite3_result_text(context, azType[i], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
 }
 
 
@@ -106437,16 +108211,20 @@
       ** c or cx.
       */
       if( c<=0x80 ){
-        u32 cx;
+        char zStop[3];
         int bMatch;
         if( noCase ){
-          cx = sqlite3Toupper(c);
-          c = sqlite3Tolower(c);
+          zStop[0] = sqlite3Toupper(c);
+          zStop[1] = sqlite3Tolower(c);
+          zStop[2] = 0;
         }else{
-          cx = c;
+          zStop[0] = c;
+          zStop[1] = 0;
         }
-        while( (c2 = *(zString++))!=0 ){
-          if( c2!=c && c2!=cx ) continue;
+        while(1){
+          zString += strcspn((const char*)zString, zStop);
+          if( zString[0]==0 ) break;
+          zString++;
           bMatch = patternCompare(zPattern,zString,pInfo,matchOther);
           if( bMatch!=SQLITE_NOMATCH ) return bMatch;
         }
@@ -106604,7 +108382,8 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_TEST
     sqlite3_like_count++;
 #endif
-    sqlite3_result_int(context, patternCompare(zB, zA, pInfo, escape)==SQLITE_MATCH);
+    sqlite3_result_int(context,
+                      patternCompare(zB, zA, pInfo, escape)==SQLITE_MATCH);
   }
 }
 
@@ -107445,9 +109224,14 @@
 /*
 ** pExpr points to an expression which implements a function.  If
 ** it is appropriate to apply the LIKE optimization to that function
-** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and
-** return TRUE.  If the function is not a LIKE-style function then
-** return FALSE.
+** then set aWc[0] through aWc[2] to the wildcard characters and the
+** escape character and then return TRUE.  If the function is not a 
+** LIKE-style function then return FALSE.
+**
+** The expression "a LIKE b ESCAPE c" is only considered a valid LIKE
+** operator if c is a string literal that is exactly one byte in length.
+** That one byte is stored in aWc[3].  aWc[3] is set to zero if there is
+** no ESCAPE clause.
 **
 ** *pIsNocase is set to true if uppercase and lowercase are equivalent for
 ** the function (default for LIKE).  If the function makes the distinction
@@ -107456,17 +109240,26 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IsLikeFunction(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pExpr, int *pIsNocase, char *aWc){
   FuncDef *pDef;
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION 
-   || !pExpr->x.pList 
-   || pExpr->x.pList->nExpr!=2
-  ){
+  int nExpr;
+  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION || !pExpr->x.pList ){
     return 0;
   }
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
-  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, 2, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
+  nExpr = pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
+  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, nExpr, SQLITE_UTF8, 0);
   if( NEVER(pDef==0) || (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_LIKE)==0 ){
     return 0;
   }
+  if( nExpr<3 ){
+    aWc[3] = 0;
+  }else{
+    Expr *pEscape = pExpr->x.pList->a[2].pExpr;
+    char *zEscape;
+    if( pEscape->op!=TK_STRING ) return 0;
+    zEscape = pEscape->u.zToken;
+    if( zEscape[0]==0 || zEscape[1]!=0 ) return 0;
+    aWc[3] = zEscape[0];
+  }
 
   /* The memcpy() statement assumes that the wildcard characters are
   ** the first three statements in the compareInfo structure.  The
@@ -107519,6 +109312,10 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
     FUNCTION2(affinity,          1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_AFFINITY),
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+    FUNCTION2(sqlite_offset,     1, 0, 0, noopFunc,  SQLITE_FUNC_OFFSET|
+                                                     SQLITE_FUNC_TYPEOF),
+#endif
     FUNCTION(ltrim,              1, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
     FUNCTION(ltrim,              2, 1, 0, trimFunc         ),
     FUNCTION(rtrim,              1, 2, 0, trimFunc         ),
@@ -108249,10 +110046,12 @@
   /* Create VDBE to loop through the entries in pSrc that match the WHERE
   ** clause. For each row found, increment either the deferred or immediate
   ** foreign key constraint counter. */
-  pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
-  if( pWInfo ){
-    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+  if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
+    pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pSrc, pWhere, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_FkCounter, pFKey->isDeferred, nIncr);
+    if( pWInfo ){
+      sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
+    }
   }
 
   /* Clean up the WHERE clause constructed above. */
@@ -108339,7 +110138,7 @@
     }
 
     pParse->disableTriggers = 1;
-    sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pName, 0), 0);
+    sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, sqlite3SrcListDup(db, pName, 0), 0, 0, 0);
     pParse->disableTriggers = 0;
 
     /* If the DELETE has generated immediate foreign key constraint 
@@ -108897,7 +110696,7 @@
           sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pRaise),
           sqlite3SrcListAppend(db, 0, &tFrom, 0),
           pWhere,
-          0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
+          0, 0, 0, 0, 0
       );
       pWhere = 0;
     }
@@ -109264,7 +111063,7 @@
 ){
   int memId = 0;      /* Register holding maximum rowid */
   if( (pTab->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)!=0
-   && (pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)==0
+   && (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0
   ){
     Parse *pToplevel = sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse);
     AutoincInfo *pInfo;
@@ -109522,7 +111321,6 @@
 ){
   sqlite3 *db;          /* The main database structure */
   Table *pTab;          /* The table to insert into.  aka TABLE */
-  char *zTab;           /* Name of the table into which we are inserting */
   int i, j;             /* Loop counters */
   Vdbe *v;              /* Generate code into this virtual machine */
   Index *pIdx;          /* For looping over indices of the table */
@@ -109559,10 +111357,10 @@
 #endif
 
   db = pParse->db;
-  memset(&dest, 0, sizeof(dest));
   if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
     goto insert_cleanup;
   }
+  dest.iSDParm = 0;  /* Suppress a harmless compiler warning */
 
   /* If the Select object is really just a simple VALUES() list with a
   ** single row (the common case) then keep that one row of values
@@ -109578,8 +111376,6 @@
   /* Locate the table into which we will be inserting new information.
   */
   assert( pTabList->nSrc==1 );
-  zTab = pTabList->a[0].zName;
-  if( NEVER(zTab==0) ) goto insert_cleanup;
   pTab = sqlite3SrcListLookup(pParse, pTabList);
   if( pTab==0 ){
     goto insert_cleanup;
@@ -109950,7 +111746,8 @@
         VdbeOp *pOp;
         sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[ipkColumn].pExpr, regRowid);
         pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1);
-        if( ALWAYS(pOp) && pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
+        assert( pOp!=0 );
+        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Null && !IsVirtual(pTab) ){
           appendFlag = 1;
           pOp->opcode = OP_NewRowid;
           pOp->p1 = iDataCur;
@@ -110371,7 +112168,7 @@
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK
   if( pTab->pCheck && (db->flags & SQLITE_IgnoreChecks)==0 ){
     ExprList *pCheck = pTab->pCheck;
-    pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
+    pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
     onError = overrideError!=OE_Default ? overrideError : OE_Abort;
     for(i=0; i<pCheck->nExpr; i++){
       int allOk;
@@ -110391,6 +112188,7 @@
       }
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, allOk);
     }
+    pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
   }
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_CHECK) */
 
@@ -110535,10 +112333,10 @@
     /* Skip partial indices for which the WHERE clause is not true */
     if( pIdx->pPartIdxWhere ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, aRegIdx[ix]);
-      pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
+      pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(pParse, pIdx->pPartIdxWhere, addrUniqueOk,
                             SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      pParse->ckBase = 0;
+      pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
     }
 
     /* Create a record for this index entry as it should appear after
@@ -110549,9 +112347,9 @@
       int iField = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
       int x;
       if( iField==XN_EXPR ){
-        pParse->ckBase = regNewData+1;
+        pParse->iSelfTab = -(regNewData+1);
         sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr, regIdx+i);
-        pParse->ckBase = 0;
+        pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
         VdbeComment((v, "%s column %d", pIdx->zName, i));
       }else{
         if( iField==XN_ROWID || iField==pTab->iPKey ){
@@ -110610,6 +112408,7 @@
     }
 
     /* Check to see if the new index entry will be unique */
+    sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NoConflict, iThisCur, addrUniqueOk,
                          regIdx, pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
 
@@ -110698,6 +112497,7 @@
       }
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrUniqueOk);
+    sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
     if( regR!=regIdx ) sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regR, nPkField);
   }
   if( ipkTop ){
@@ -110936,7 +112736,7 @@
     }
     if( pSrc->aiColumn[i]==XN_EXPR ){
       assert( pSrc->aColExpr!=0 && pDest->aColExpr!=0 );
-      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pSrc->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr,
+      if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pSrc->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr,
                              pDest->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr, -1)!=0 ){
         return 0;   /* Different expressions in the index */
       }
@@ -110948,7 +112748,7 @@
       return 0;   /* Different collating sequences */
     }
   }
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pSrc->pPartIdxWhere, pDest->pPartIdxWhere, -1) ){
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pSrc->pPartIdxWhere, pDest->pPartIdxWhere, -1) ){
     return 0;     /* Different WHERE clauses */
   }
 
@@ -111046,7 +112846,6 @@
   if( pSelect->pLimit ){
     return 0;   /* SELECT may not have a LIMIT clause */
   }
-  assert( pSelect->pOffset==0 );  /* Must be so if pLimit==0 */
   if( pSelect->pPrior ){
     return 0;   /* SELECT may not be a compound query */
   }
@@ -111096,7 +112895,7 @@
     Column *pDestCol = &pDest->aCol[i];
     Column *pSrcCol = &pSrc->aCol[i];
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_HIDDEN_COLUMNS
-    if( (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)==0 
+    if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 
      && (pDestCol->colFlags | pSrcCol->colFlags) & COLFLAG_HIDDEN 
     ){
       return 0;    /* Neither table may have __hidden__ columns */
@@ -111172,15 +112971,15 @@
   regRowid = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
   sqlite3OpenTable(pParse, iDest, iDbDest, pDest, OP_OpenWrite);
   assert( HasRowid(pDest) || destHasUniqueIdx );
-  if( (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)==0 && (
+  if( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)==0 && (
       (pDest->iPKey<0 && pDest->pIndex!=0)          /* (1) */
    || destHasUniqueIdx                              /* (2) */
    || (onError!=OE_Abort && onError!=OE_Rollback)   /* (3) */
   )){
     /* In some circumstances, we are able to run the xfer optimization
     ** only if the destination table is initially empty. Unless the
-    ** SQLITE_Vacuum flag is set, this block generates code to make
-    ** that determination. If SQLITE_Vacuum is set, then the destination
+    ** DBFLAG_Vacuum flag is set, this block generates code to make
+    ** that determination. If DBFLAG_Vacuum is set, then the destination
     ** table is always empty.
     **
     ** Conditions under which the destination must be empty:
@@ -111216,8 +113015,8 @@
       assert( (pDest->tabFlags & TF_Autoincrement)==0 );
     }
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum ){
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Last, iDest, 0, -1);
+    if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
       insFlags = OPFLAG_NCHANGE|OPFLAG_LASTROWID|
                            OPFLAG_APPEND|OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
     }else{
@@ -111248,13 +113047,13 @@
     VdbeComment((v, "%s", pDestIdx->zName));
     addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, iSrc, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_RowData, iSrc, regData, 1);
-    if( db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum ){
+    if( db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum ){
       /* This INSERT command is part of a VACUUM operation, which guarantees
       ** that the destination table is empty. If all indexed columns use
       ** collation sequence BINARY, then it can also be assumed that the
       ** index will be populated by inserting keys in strictly sorted 
       ** order. In this case, instead of seeking within the b-tree as part
-      ** of every OP_IdxInsert opcode, an OP_Last is added before the
+      ** of every OP_IdxInsert opcode, an OP_SeekEnd is added before the
       ** OP_IdxInsert to seek to the point within the b-tree where each key 
       ** should be inserted. This is faster.
       **
@@ -111269,7 +113068,7 @@
       }
       if( i==pSrcIdx->nColumn ){
         idxInsFlags = OPFLAG_USESEEKRESULT;
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Last, iDest, 0, -1);
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_SeekEnd, iDest);
       }
     }
     if( !HasRowid(pSrc) && pDestIdx->idxType==2 ){
@@ -111428,11 +113227,8 @@
 
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
-    int nErrMsg = 1 + sqlite3Strlen30(sqlite3_errmsg(db));
-    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3Malloc(nErrMsg);
-    if( *pzErrMsg ){
-      memcpy(*pzErrMsg, sqlite3_errmsg(db), nErrMsg);
-    }else{
+    *pzErrMsg = sqlite3DbStrDup(0, sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    if( *pzErrMsg==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
       sqlite3Error(db, SQLITE_NOMEM);
     }
@@ -111603,7 +113399,7 @@
   int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,
                          const char*,const char*),void*);
   void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
-  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
+  char * (*xsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
   int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                                 char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
@@ -111715,7 +113511,7 @@
   int (*uri_boolean)(const char*,const char*,int);
   sqlite3_int64 (*uri_int64)(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64);
   const char *(*uri_parameter)(const char*,const char*);
-  char *(*vsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
+  char *(*xvsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
   int (*wal_checkpoint_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int*,int*);
   /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
   int (*auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
@@ -111753,6 +113549,17 @@
   char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
   void (*set_last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
+  /* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+  int (*prepare_v3)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,unsigned int,
+                    sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
+  int (*prepare16_v3)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,unsigned int,
+                      sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
+  int (*bind_pointer)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void (*result_pointer)(sqlite3_context*,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void *(*value_pointer)(sqlite3_value*,const char*);
+  int (*vtab_nochange)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*value_nochange)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const char *(*vtab_collation)(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -111879,7 +113686,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
 #define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
 #define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
+#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->xsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
 #define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
 #define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
@@ -111903,7 +113710,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
 #define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
 #define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
-#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
 #define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
 #define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
@@ -111979,7 +113786,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_uri_boolean            sqlite3_api->uri_boolean
 #define sqlite3_uri_int64              sqlite3_api->uri_int64
 #define sqlite3_uri_parameter          sqlite3_api->uri_parameter
-#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2      sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint_v2
 /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
 #define sqlite3_auto_extension         sqlite3_api->auto_extension
@@ -112013,6 +113820,16 @@
 #define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql
 /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid  sqlite3_api->set_last_insert_rowid
+/* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_prepare_v3             sqlite3_api->prepare_v3
+#define sqlite3_prepare16_v3           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v3
+#define sqlite3_bind_pointer           sqlite3_api->bind_pointer
+#define sqlite3_result_pointer         sqlite3_api->result_pointer
+#define sqlite3_value_pointer          sqlite3_api->value_pointer
+/* Version 3.22.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_vtab_nochange          sqlite3_api->vtab_nochange
+#define sqlite3_value_nochange         sqltie3_api->value_nochange
+#define sqlite3_vtab_collation         sqltie3_api->vtab_collation
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)
@@ -112068,6 +113885,7 @@
 # define sqlite3_open16                 0
 # define sqlite3_prepare16              0
 # define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           0
+# define sqlite3_prepare16_v3           0
 # define sqlite3_result_error16         0
 # define sqlite3_result_text16          0
 # define sqlite3_result_text16be        0
@@ -112440,7 +114258,17 @@
   sqlite3_trace_v2,
   sqlite3_expanded_sql,
   /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
-  sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid
+  sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid,
+  /* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_prepare_v3,
+  sqlite3_prepare16_v3,
+  sqlite3_bind_pointer,
+  sqlite3_result_pointer,
+  sqlite3_value_pointer,
+  /* Version 3.22.0 and later */
+  sqlite3_vtab_nochange,
+  sqlite3_value_nochange,
+  sqlite3_vtab_collation
 };
 
 /*
@@ -112506,8 +114334,10 @@
 #if SQLITE_OS_UNIX || SQLITE_OS_WIN
   for(ii=0; ii<ArraySize(azEndings) && handle==0; ii++){
     char *zAltFile = sqlite3_mprintf("%s.%s", zFile, azEndings[ii]);
+    int bExists = 0;
     if( zAltFile==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-    handle = sqlite3OsDlOpen(pVfs, zAltFile);
+    sqlite3OsAccess(pVfs, zAltFile, SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS, &bExists);
+    if( bExists )  handle = sqlite3OsDlOpen(pVfs, zAltFile);
     sqlite3_free(zAltFile);
   }
 #endif
@@ -112862,35 +114692,38 @@
 #define PragTyp_ENCODING                      12
 #define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK             13
 #define PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST              14
-#define PragTyp_INCREMENTAL_VACUUM            15
-#define PragTyp_INDEX_INFO                    16
-#define PragTyp_INDEX_LIST                    17
-#define PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK               18
-#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_MODE                  19
-#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT            20
-#define PragTyp_LOCK_PROXY_FILE               21
-#define PragTyp_LOCKING_MODE                  22
-#define PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT                    23
-#define PragTyp_MMAP_SIZE                     24
-#define PragTyp_OPTIMIZE                      25
-#define PragTyp_PAGE_SIZE                     26
-#define PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE                 27
-#define PragTyp_SHRINK_MEMORY                 28
-#define PragTyp_SOFT_HEAP_LIMIT               29
-#define PragTyp_SYNCHRONOUS                   30
-#define PragTyp_TABLE_INFO                    31
-#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE                    32
-#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE_DIRECTORY          33
-#define PragTyp_THREADS                       34
-#define PragTyp_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT            35
-#define PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT                36
-#define PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS           37
-#define PragTyp_HEXKEY                        38
-#define PragTyp_KEY                           39
-#define PragTyp_REKEY                         40
-#define PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS                   41
-#define PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE                  42
-#define PragTyp_STATS                         43
+#define PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST                 15
+#define PragTyp_INCREMENTAL_VACUUM            16
+#define PragTyp_INDEX_INFO                    17
+#define PragTyp_INDEX_LIST                    18
+#define PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK               19
+#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_MODE                  20
+#define PragTyp_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT            21
+#define PragTyp_LOCK_PROXY_FILE               22
+#define PragTyp_LOCKING_MODE                  23
+#define PragTyp_PAGE_COUNT                    24
+#define PragTyp_MMAP_SIZE                     25
+#define PragTyp_MODULE_LIST                   26
+#define PragTyp_OPTIMIZE                      27
+#define PragTyp_PAGE_SIZE                     28
+#define PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST                   29
+#define PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE                 30
+#define PragTyp_SHRINK_MEMORY                 31
+#define PragTyp_SOFT_HEAP_LIMIT               32
+#define PragTyp_SYNCHRONOUS                   33
+#define PragTyp_TABLE_INFO                    34
+#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE                    35
+#define PragTyp_TEMP_STORE_DIRECTORY          36
+#define PragTyp_THREADS                       37
+#define PragTyp_WAL_AUTOCHECKPOINT            38
+#define PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT                39
+#define PragTyp_ACTIVATE_EXTENSIONS           40
+#define PragTyp_HEXKEY                        41
+#define PragTyp_KEY                           42
+#define PragTyp_REKEY                         43
+#define PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS                   44
+#define PragTyp_PARSER_TRACE                  45
+#define PragTyp_STATS                         46
 
 /* Property flags associated with various pragma. */
 #define PragFlg_NeedSchema 0x01 /* Force schema load before running */
@@ -112936,26 +114769,29 @@
   /*  26 */ "seq",         /* Used by: database_list */
   /*  27 */ "name",       
   /*  28 */ "file",       
-  /*  29 */ "seq",         /* Used by: collation_list */
-  /*  30 */ "name",       
-  /*  31 */ "id",          /* Used by: foreign_key_list */
-  /*  32 */ "seq",        
-  /*  33 */ "table",      
-  /*  34 */ "from",       
-  /*  35 */ "to",         
-  /*  36 */ "on_update",  
-  /*  37 */ "on_delete",  
-  /*  38 */ "match",      
-  /*  39 */ "table",       /* Used by: foreign_key_check */
-  /*  40 */ "rowid",      
-  /*  41 */ "parent",     
-  /*  42 */ "fkid",       
-  /*  43 */ "busy",        /* Used by: wal_checkpoint */
-  /*  44 */ "log",        
-  /*  45 */ "checkpointed",
-  /*  46 */ "timeout",     /* Used by: busy_timeout */
-  /*  47 */ "database",    /* Used by: lock_status */
-  /*  48 */ "status",     
+  /*  29 */ "name",        /* Used by: function_list */
+  /*  30 */ "builtin",    
+  /*  31 */ "name",        /* Used by: module_list pragma_list */
+  /*  32 */ "seq",         /* Used by: collation_list */
+  /*  33 */ "name",       
+  /*  34 */ "id",          /* Used by: foreign_key_list */
+  /*  35 */ "seq",        
+  /*  36 */ "table",      
+  /*  37 */ "from",       
+  /*  38 */ "to",         
+  /*  39 */ "on_update",  
+  /*  40 */ "on_delete",  
+  /*  41 */ "match",      
+  /*  42 */ "table",       /* Used by: foreign_key_check */
+  /*  43 */ "rowid",      
+  /*  44 */ "parent",     
+  /*  45 */ "fkid",       
+  /*  46 */ "busy",        /* Used by: wal_checkpoint */
+  /*  47 */ "log",        
+  /*  48 */ "checkpointed",
+  /*  49 */ "timeout",     /* Used by: busy_timeout */
+  /*  50 */ "database",    /* Used by: lock_status */
+  /*  51 */ "status",     
 };
 
 /* Definitions of all built-in pragmas */
@@ -113001,7 +114837,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "busy_timeout",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_BUSY_TIMEOUT,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 46, 1,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 49, 1,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "cache_size",
@@ -113038,7 +114874,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "collation_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_COLLATION_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 29, 2,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 32, 2,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS)
@@ -113109,15 +114945,15 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
  {/* zName:     */ "foreign_key_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 39, 4,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 42, 4,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY)
  {/* zName:     */ "foreign_key_list",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FOREIGN_KEY_LIST,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_SchemaOpt,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 8,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 34, 8,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -113148,6 +114984,15 @@
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_FullFSync },
 #endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS)
+#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "function_list",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 29, 2,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
+#endif
 #if defined(SQLITE_HAS_CODEC)
  {/* zName:     */ "hexkey",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_HEXKEY,
@@ -113196,7 +115041,7 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK)
  {/* zName:     */ "integrity_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_Result1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
@@ -113237,7 +115082,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "lock_status",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_LOCK_STATUS,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 47, 2,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 50, 2,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_PAGER_PRAGMAS)
@@ -113257,6 +115102,17 @@
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "module_list",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_MODULE_LIST,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 1,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
  {/* zName:     */ "optimize",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_OPTIMIZE,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result1|PragFlg_NeedSchema,
@@ -113281,6 +115137,13 @@
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS)
+ {/* zName:     */ "pragma_list",
+  /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 31, 1,
+  /* iArg:      */ 0 },
+#endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
  {/* zName:     */ "query_only",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
@@ -113291,7 +115154,7 @@
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_INTEGRITY_CHECK)
  {/* zName:     */ "quick_check",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_INTEGRITY_CHECK,
-  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
+  /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema|PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_Result1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
@@ -113300,7 +115163,7 @@
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_ReadUncommitted },
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_ReadUncommit },
  {/* zName:     */ "recursive_triggers",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
@@ -113444,7 +115307,7 @@
  {/* zName:     */ "wal_checkpoint",
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_WAL_CHECKPOINT,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_NeedSchema,
-  /* ColNames:  */ 43, 3,
+  /* ColNames:  */ 46, 3,
   /* iArg:      */ 0 },
 #endif
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_FLAG_PRAGMAS)
@@ -113452,10 +115315,10 @@
   /* ePragTyp:  */ PragTyp_FLAG,
   /* ePragFlg:  */ PragFlg_Result0|PragFlg_NoColumns1,
   /* ColNames:  */ 0, 0,
-  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema|SQLITE_RecoveryMode },
+  /* iArg:      */ SQLITE_WriteSchema },
 #endif
 };
-/* Number of pragmas: 60 on by default, 74 total. */
+/* Number of pragmas: 60 on by default, 77 total. */
 
 /************** End of pragma.h **********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in pragma.c *********************/
@@ -113728,16 +115591,16 @@
 /*
 ** Helper subroutine for PRAGMA integrity_check:
 **
-** Generate code to output a single-column result row with the result
-** held in register regResult.  Decrement the result count and halt if
-** the maximum number of result rows have been issued.
+** Generate code to output a single-column result row with a value of the
+** string held in register 3.  Decrement the result count in register 1
+** and halt if the maximum number of result rows have been issued.
 */
-static int integrityCheckResultRow(Vdbe *v, int regResult){
+static int integrityCheckResultRow(Vdbe *v){
   int addr;
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, 1);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 3, 1);
   addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_IfPos, 1, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+2, 1);
   VdbeCoverage(v);
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Halt, 0, 0);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Halt);
   return addr;
 }
 
@@ -113945,18 +115808,22 @@
 
   /*
   **  PRAGMA [schema.]secure_delete
-  **  PRAGMA [schema.]secure_delete=ON/OFF
+  **  PRAGMA [schema.]secure_delete=ON/OFF/FAST
   **
   ** The first form reports the current setting for the
   ** secure_delete flag.  The second form changes the secure_delete
-  ** flag setting and reports thenew value.
+  ** flag setting and reports the new value.
   */
   case PragTyp_SECURE_DELETE: {
     Btree *pBt = pDb->pBt;
     int b = -1;
     assert( pBt!=0 );
     if( zRight ){
-      b = sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0);
+      if( sqlite3_stricmp(zRight, "fast")==0 ){
+        b = 2;
+      }else{
+        b = sqlite3GetBoolean(zRight, 0);
+      }
     }
     if( pId2->n==0 && b>=0 ){
       int ii;
@@ -114506,6 +116373,7 @@
   ** type:       Column declaration type.
   ** notnull:    True if 'NOT NULL' is part of column declaration
   ** dflt_value: The default value for the column, if any.
+  ** pk:         Non-zero for PK fields.
   */
   case PragTyp_TABLE_INFO: if( zRight ){
     Table *pTab;
@@ -114538,7 +116406,6 @@
                pCol->notNull ? 1 : 0,
                pCol->pDflt ? pCol->pDflt->u.zToken : 0,
                k);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 6);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -114558,9 +116425,8 @@
            pTab->szTabRow,
            pTab->nRowLogEst,
            pTab->tabFlags);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 5);
       for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 2, "siii",
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 2, "siiiX",
            pIdx->zName,
            pIdx->szIdxRow,
            pIdx->aiRowLogEst[0],
@@ -114593,10 +116459,10 @@
       assert( pParse->nMem<=pPragma->nPragCName );
       for(i=0; i<mx; i++){
         i16 cnum = pIdx->aiColumn[i];
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "iis", i, cnum,
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "iisX", i, cnum,
                              cnum<0 ? 0 : pTab->aCol[cnum].zName);
         if( pPragma->iArg ){
-          sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 4, "isi",
+          sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 4, "isiX",
             pIdx->aSortOrder[i],
             pIdx->azColl[i],
             i<pIdx->nKeyCol);
@@ -114623,7 +116489,6 @@
            IsUniqueIndex(pIdx),
            azOrigin[pIdx->idxType],
            pIdx->pPartIdxWhere!=0);
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 5);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -114639,7 +116504,6 @@
          i,
          db->aDb[i].zDbSName,
          sqlite3BtreeGetFilename(db->aDb[i].pBt));
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 3);
     }
   }
   break;
@@ -114651,10 +116515,49 @@
     for(p=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aCollSeq); p; p=sqliteHashNext(p)){
       CollSeq *pColl = (CollSeq *)sqliteHashData(p);
       sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "is", i++, pColl->zName);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 2);
     }
   }
   break;
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS
+  case PragTyp_FUNCTION_LIST: {
+    int i;
+    HashElem *j;
+    FuncDef *p;
+    pParse->nMem = 2;
+    for(i=0; i<SQLITE_FUNC_HASH_SZ; i++){
+      for(p=sqlite3BuiltinFunctions.a[i]; p; p=p->u.pHash ){
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "si", p->zName, 1);
+      }
+    }
+    for(j=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aFunc); j; j=sqliteHashNext(j)){
+      p = (FuncDef*)sqliteHashData(j);
+      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "si", p->zName, 0);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  case PragTyp_MODULE_LIST: {
+    HashElem *j;
+    pParse->nMem = 1;
+    for(j=sqliteHashFirst(&db->aModule); j; j=sqliteHashNext(j)){
+      Module *pMod = (Module*)sqliteHashData(j);
+      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "s", pMod->zName);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+  case PragTyp_PRAGMA_LIST: {
+    int i;
+    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aPragmaName); i++){
+      sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "s", aPragmaName[i].zName);
+    }
+  }
+  break;
+#endif /* SQLITE_INTROSPECTION_PRAGMAS */
+
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SCHEMA_PRAGMAS */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_FOREIGN_KEY
@@ -114680,7 +116583,6 @@
                    actionName(pFK->aAction[1]),  /* ON UPDATE */
                    actionName(pFK->aAction[0]),  /* ON DELETE */
                    "NONE");
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 8);
           }
           ++i;
           pFK = pFK->pNextFrom;
@@ -114790,7 +116692,7 @@
         }else{
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regResult+1);
         }
-        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, regResult+2, "si", pFK->zTo, i-1);
+        sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, regResult+2, "siX", pFK->zTo, i-1);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, 4);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrOk);
         sqlite3DbFree(db, aiCols);
@@ -114876,12 +116778,11 @@
 
     /* Do an integrity check on each database file */
     for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
-      HashElem *x;
-      Hash *pTbls;
-      int *aRoot;
-      int cnt = 0;
-      int mxIdx = 0;
-      int nIdx;
+      HashElem *x;     /* For looping over tables in the schema */
+      Hash *pTbls;     /* Set of all tables in the schema */
+      int *aRoot;      /* Array of root page numbers of all btrees */
+      int cnt = 0;     /* Number of entries in aRoot[] */
+      int mxIdx = 0;   /* Maximum number of indexes for any table */
 
       if( OMIT_TEMPDB && i==1 ) continue;
       if( iDb>=0 && i!=iDb ) continue;
@@ -114896,8 +116797,9 @@
       assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, i, 0) );
       pTbls = &db->aDb[i].pSchema->tblHash;
       for(cnt=0, x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
-        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
-        Index *pIdx;
+        Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);  /* Current table */
+        Index *pIdx;                      /* An index on pTab */
+        int nIdx;                         /* Number of indexes on pTab */
         if( HasRowid(pTab) ) cnt++;
         for(nIdx=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, nIdx++){ cnt++; }
         if( nIdx>mxIdx ) mxIdx = nIdx;
@@ -114907,15 +116809,16 @@
       for(cnt=0, x=sqliteHashFirst(pTbls); x; x=sqliteHashNext(x)){
         Table *pTab = sqliteHashData(x);
         Index *pIdx;
-        if( HasRowid(pTab) ) aRoot[cnt++] = pTab->tnum;
+        if( HasRowid(pTab) ) aRoot[++cnt] = pTab->tnum;
         for(pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
-          aRoot[cnt++] = pIdx->tnum;
+          aRoot[++cnt] = pIdx->tnum;
         }
       }
-      aRoot[cnt] = 0;
+      aRoot[0] = cnt;
 
       /* Make sure sufficient number of registers have been allocated */
       pParse->nMem = MAX( pParse->nMem, 8+mxIdx );
+      sqlite3ClearTempRegCache(pParse);
 
       /* Do the b-tree integrity checks */
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_IntegrityCk, 2, cnt, 1, (char*)aRoot,P4_INTARRAY);
@@ -114924,9 +116827,8 @@
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0,
          sqlite3MPrintf(db, "*** in database %s ***\n", db->aDb[i].zDbSName),
          P4_DYNAMIC);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Move, 2, 4, 1);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 2);
-      integrityCheckResultRow(v, 2);
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 2, 3, 3);
+      integrityCheckResultRow(v);
       sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
 
       /* Make sure all the indices are constructed correctly.
@@ -114940,16 +116842,13 @@
         int r1 = -1;
 
         if( pTab->tnum<1 ) continue;  /* Skip VIEWs or VIRTUAL TABLEs */
-        if( pTab->pCheck==0
-         && (pTab->tabFlags & TF_HasNotNull)==0
-         && (pTab->pIndex==0 || isQuick)
-        ){
-          continue;  /* No additional checks needed for this table */
-        }
         pPk = HasRowid(pTab) ? 0 : sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
         sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
         sqlite3OpenTableAndIndices(pParse, pTab, OP_OpenRead, 0,
                                    1, 0, &iDataCur, &iIdxCur);
+        /* reg[7] counts the number of entries in the table.
+        ** reg[8+i] counts the number of entries in the i-th index 
+        */
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 7);
         for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, 8+j); /* index entries counter */
@@ -114970,7 +116869,7 @@
           zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "NULL value in %s.%s", pTab->zName,
                               pTab->aCol[j].zName);
           sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
-          integrityCheckResultRow(v, 3);
+          integrityCheckResultRow(v);
           sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
         }
         /* Verify CHECK constraints */
@@ -114981,7 +116880,7 @@
             int addrCkOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
             char *zErr;
             int k;
-            pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur;
+            pParse->iSelfTab = iDataCur + 1;
             sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);
             for(k=pCheck->nExpr-1; k>0; k--){
               sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pCheck->a[k].pExpr, addrCkFault, 0);
@@ -114989,60 +116888,66 @@
             sqlite3ExprIfTrue(pParse, pCheck->a[0].pExpr, addrCkOk, 
                 SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
             sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkFault);
+            pParse->iSelfTab = 0;
             zErr = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "CHECK constraint failed in %s",
                 pTab->zName);
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, 3, 0, zErr, P4_DYNAMIC);
-            integrityCheckResultRow(v, 3);
+            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
             sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrCkOk);
             sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);
           }
           sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCheck);
         }
-        /* Validate index entries for the current row */
-        for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx && !isQuick; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
-          int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4, jmp5;
-          int ckUniq = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-          if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
-          r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iDataCur, 0, 0, &jmp3,
-                                       pPrior, r1);
-          pPrior = pIdx;
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 8+j, 1);  /* increment entry count */
-          /* Verify that an index entry exists for the current table row */
-          jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iIdxCur+j, ckUniq, r1,
-                                      pIdx->nColumn); VdbeCoverage(v);
-          sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "row ");
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 7, 3, 3);
-          sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, " missing from index ");
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
-          jmp5 = sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
-          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
-          jmp4 = integrityCheckResultRow(v, 3);
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
-          /* For UNIQUE indexes, verify that only one entry exists with the
-          ** current key.  The entry is unique if (1) any column is NULL
-          ** or (2) the next entry has a different key */
-          if( IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ){
-            int uniqOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
-            int jmp6;
-            int kk;
-            for(kk=0; kk<pIdx->nKeyCol; kk++){
-              int iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[kk];
-              assert( iCol!=XN_ROWID && iCol<pTab->nCol );
-              if( iCol>=0 && pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ) continue;
-              sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, r1+kk, uniqOk);
-              VdbeCoverage(v);
+        if( !isQuick ){ /* Omit the remaining tests for quick_check */
+          /* Sanity check on record header decoding */
+          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iDataCur, pTab->nCol-1, 3);
+          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
+          /* Validate index entries for the current row */
+          for(j=0, pIdx=pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext, j++){
+            int jmp2, jmp3, jmp4, jmp5;
+            int ckUniq = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+            if( pPk==pIdx ) continue;
+            r1 = sqlite3GenerateIndexKey(pParse, pIdx, iDataCur, 0, 0, &jmp3,
+                                         pPrior, r1);
+            pPrior = pIdx;
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_AddImm, 8+j, 1);/* increment entry count */
+            /* Verify that an index entry exists for the current table row */
+            jmp2 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iIdxCur+j, ckUniq, r1,
+                                        pIdx->nColumn); VdbeCoverage(v);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "row ");
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 7, 3, 3);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, " missing from index ");
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
+            jmp5 = sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 3, 3);
+            jmp4 = integrityCheckResultRow(v);
+            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp2);
+            /* For UNIQUE indexes, verify that only one entry exists with the
+            ** current key.  The entry is unique if (1) any column is NULL
+            ** or (2) the next entry has a different key */
+            if( IsUniqueIndex(pIdx) ){
+              int uniqOk = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
+              int jmp6;
+              int kk;
+              for(kk=0; kk<pIdx->nKeyCol; kk++){
+                int iCol = pIdx->aiColumn[kk];
+                assert( iCol!=XN_ROWID && iCol<pTab->nCol );
+                if( iCol>=0 && pTab->aCol[iCol].notNull ) continue;
+                sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, r1+kk, uniqOk);
+                VdbeCoverage(v);
+              }
+              jmp6 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur+j); VdbeCoverage(v);
+              sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, uniqOk);
+              sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp6);
+              sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxGT, iIdxCur+j, uniqOk, r1,
+                                   pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
+              sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "non-unique entry in index ");
+              sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, jmp5);
+              sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, uniqOk);
             }
-            jmp6 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Next, iIdxCur+j); VdbeCoverage(v);
-            sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, uniqOk);
-            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp6);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_IdxGT, iIdxCur+j, uniqOk, r1,
-                                 pIdx->nKeyCol); VdbeCoverage(v);
-            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, "non-unique entry in index ");
-            sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, jmp5);
-            sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, uniqOk);
+            sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp4);
+            sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(pParse, jmp3);
           }
-          sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, jmp4);
-          sqlite3ResolvePartIdxLabel(pParse, jmp3);
         }
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, iDataCur, loopTop); VdbeCoverage(v);
         sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, loopTop-1);
@@ -115054,9 +116959,9 @@
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Count, iIdxCur+j, 3);
             addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Eq, 8+j, 0, 3); VdbeCoverage(v);
             sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_NOTNULL);
-            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 3, pIdx->zName);
-            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 3, 2, 7);
-            integrityCheckResultRow(v, 7);
+            sqlite3VdbeLoadString(v, 4, pIdx->zName);
+            sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Concat, 4, 2, 3);
+            integrityCheckResultRow(v);
             sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr);
           }
         }
@@ -115070,6 +116975,9 @@
         { OP_IfNotZero,   1, 4,        0},    /* 1 */
         { OP_String8,     0, 3,        0},    /* 2 */
         { OP_ResultRow,   3, 1,        0},    /* 3 */
+        { OP_Halt,        0, 0,        0},    /* 4 */
+        { OP_String8,     0, 3,        0},    /* 5 */
+        { OP_Goto,        0, 3,        0},    /* 6 */
       };
       VdbeOp *aOp;
 
@@ -115078,7 +116986,10 @@
         aOp[0].p2 = 1-mxErr;
         aOp[2].p4type = P4_STATIC;
         aOp[2].p4.z = "ok";
+        aOp[5].p4type = P4_STATIC;
+        aOp[5].p4.z = (char*)sqlite3ErrStr(SQLITE_CORRUPT);
       }
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP3(v, 0, sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)-2);
     }
   }
   break;
@@ -115330,7 +117241,8 @@
   **    0x0008    (Not yet implemented) Create indexes that might have
   **              been helpful to recent queries
   **
-  ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0xfffe.  0xfffe means perform all    ** of the optimizations listed above except Debug Mode, including new
+  ** The default MASK is and always shall be 0xfffe.  0xfffe means perform all
+  ** of the optimizations listed above except Debug Mode, including new
   ** optimizations that have not yet been invented.  If new optimizations are
   ** ever added that should be off by default, those off-by-default 
   ** optimizations will have bitmasks of 0x10000 or larger.
@@ -115492,7 +117404,6 @@
          zState = azLockName[j];
       }
       sqlite3VdbeMultiLoad(v, 1, "ss", db->aDb[i].zDbSName, zState);
-      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, 1, 2);
     }
     break;
   }
@@ -115758,10 +117669,14 @@
   pragmaVtabCursorClear(pCsr);
   j = (pTab->pName->mPragFlg & PragFlg_Result1)!=0 ? 0 : 1;
   for(i=0; i<argc; i++, j++){
+    const char *zText = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
     assert( j<ArraySize(pCsr->azArg) );
-    pCsr->azArg[j] = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]));
-    if( pCsr->azArg[j]==0 ){
-      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    assert( pCsr->azArg[j]==0 );
+    if( zText ){
+      pCsr->azArg[j] = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zText);
+      if( pCsr->azArg[j]==0 ){
+        return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
     }
   }
   sqlite3StrAccumInit(&acc, 0, 0, 0, pTab->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_SQL_LENGTH]);
@@ -115894,7 +117809,7 @@
   const char *zExtra   /* Error information */
 ){
   sqlite3 *db = pData->db;
-  if( !db->mallocFailed && (db->flags & SQLITE_RecoveryMode)==0 ){
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && (db->flags & SQLITE_WriteSchema)==0 ){
     char *z;
     if( zObj==0 ) zObj = "?";
     z = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "malformed database schema (%s)", zObj);
@@ -115954,7 +117869,7 @@
     rc = db->errCode;
     assert( (rc&0xFF)==(rcp&0xFF) );
     db->init.iDb = saved_iDb;
-    assert( saved_iDb==0 || (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)!=0 );
+    assert( saved_iDb==0 || (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0 );
     if( SQLITE_OK!=rc ){
       if( db->init.orphanTrigger ){
         assert( iDb==1 );
@@ -116019,6 +117934,8 @@
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   assert( iDb==1 || sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[iDb].pBt) );
 
+  db->init.busy = 1;
+
   /* Construct the in-memory representation schema tables (sqlite_master or
   ** sqlite_temp_master) by invoking the parser directly.  The appropriate
   ** table name will be inserted automatically by the parser so we can just
@@ -116027,7 +117944,7 @@
   azArg[0] = zMasterName = SCHEMA_TABLE(iDb);
   azArg[1] = "1";
   azArg[2] = "CREATE TABLE x(type text,name text,tbl_name text,"
-                            "rootpage integer,sql text)";
+                            "rootpage int,sql text)";
   azArg[3] = 0;
   initData.db = db;
   initData.iDb = iDb;
@@ -116043,10 +117960,10 @@
   */
   pDb = &db->aDb[iDb];
   if( pDb->pBt==0 ){
-    if( !OMIT_TEMPDB && ALWAYS(iDb==1) ){
-      DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded);
-    }
-    return SQLITE_OK;
+    assert( iDb==1 );
+    DbSetProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded);
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+    goto error_out;
   }
 
   /* If there is not already a read-only (or read-write) transaction opened
@@ -116181,8 +118098,8 @@
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
     sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_RecoveryMode)){
-    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_RecoveryMode flag is set, then consider
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK || (db->flags&SQLITE_WriteSchema)){
+    /* Black magic: If the SQLITE_WriteSchema flag is set, then consider
     ** the schema loaded, even if errors occurred. In this situation the 
     ** current sqlite3_prepare() operation will fail, but the following one
     ** will attempt to compile the supplied statement against whatever subset
@@ -116205,9 +118122,13 @@
   sqlite3BtreeLeave(pDb->pBt);
 
 error_out:
-  if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
-    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  if( rc ){
+    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM || rc==SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM ){
+      sqlite3OomFault(db);
+    }
+    sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, iDb);
   }
+  db->init.busy = 0;
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -116223,42 +118144,29 @@
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Init(sqlite3 *db, char **pzErrMsg){
   int i, rc;
-  int commit_internal = !(db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges);
+  int commit_internal = !(db->mDbFlags&DBFLAG_SchemaChange);
   
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   assert( sqlite3BtreeHoldsMutex(db->aDb[0].pBt) );
   assert( db->init.busy==0 );
-  rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  db->init.busy = 1;
   ENC(db) = SCHEMA_ENC(db);
-  for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<db->nDb; i++){
-    if( DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) || i==1 ) continue;
-    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
-    if( rc ){
-      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, i);
+  assert( db->nDb>0 );
+  /* Do the main schema first */
+  if( !DbHasProperty(db, 0, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
+    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 0, pzErrMsg);
+    if( rc ) return rc;
+  }
+  /* All other schemas after the main schema. The "temp" schema must be last */
+  for(i=db->nDb-1; i>0; i--){
+    if( !DbHasProperty(db, i, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
+      rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, i, pzErrMsg);
+      if( rc ) return rc;
     }
   }
-
-  /* Once all the other databases have been initialized, load the schema
-  ** for the TEMP database. This is loaded last, as the TEMP database
-  ** schema may contain references to objects in other databases.
-  */
-#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TEMPDB
-  assert( db->nDb>1 );
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && !DbHasProperty(db, 1, DB_SchemaLoaded) ){
-    rc = sqlite3InitOne(db, 1, pzErrMsg);
-    if( rc ){
-      sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db, 1);
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  db->init.busy = 0;
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && commit_internal ){
+  if( commit_internal ){
     sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(db);
   }
-
-  return rc; 
+  return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -116349,7 +118257,8 @@
   */
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
   if( pSchema ){
-    for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<db->nDb); i++){
+    for(i=0; 1; i++){
+      assert( i<db->nDb );
       if( db->aDb[i].pSchema==pSchema ){
         break;
       }
@@ -116363,16 +118272,14 @@
 ** Free all memory allocations in the pParse object
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3ParserReset(Parse *pParse){
-  if( pParse ){
-    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-    sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
-    if( db ){
-      assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );
-      db->lookaside.bDisable -= pParse->disableLookaside;
-    }
-    pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  sqlite3DbFree(db, pParse->aLabel);
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pParse->pConstExpr);
+  if( db ){
+    assert( db->lookaside.bDisable >= pParse->disableLookaside );
+    db->lookaside.bDisable -= pParse->disableLookaside;
   }
+  pParse->disableLookaside = 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -116382,7 +118289,7 @@
   sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to copy SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   Vdbe *pReprepare,         /* VM being reprepared */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
   const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
@@ -116399,6 +118306,14 @@
   /* assert( !db->mallocFailed ); // not true with SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA */
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
 
+  /* For a long-term use prepared statement avoid the use of
+  ** lookaside memory.
+  */
+  if( prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT ){
+    sParse.disableLookaside++;
+    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
+  }
+
   /* Check to verify that it is possible to get a read lock on all
   ** database schemas.  The inability to get a read lock indicates that
   ** some other database connection is holding a write-lock, which in
@@ -116430,7 +118345,7 @@
       if( rc ){
         const char *zDb = db->aDb[i].zDbSName;
         sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, "database schema is locked: %s", zDb);
-        testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommitted );
+        testcase( db->flags & SQLITE_ReadUncommit );
         goto end_prepare;
       }
     }
@@ -116498,8 +118413,7 @@
 #endif
 
   if( db->init.busy==0 ){
-    Vdbe *pVdbe = sParse.pVdbe;
-    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), saveSqlFlag);
+    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(sParse.pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), prepFlags);
   }
   if( sParse.pVdbe && (rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed) ){
     sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
@@ -116525,20 +118439,19 @@
 end_prepare:
 
   sqlite3ParserReset(&sParse);
-  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
-  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
   return rc;
 }
 static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
   sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
   const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to copy SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   Vdbe *pOld,               /* VM being reprepared */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
   const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
   int rc;
+  int cnt = 0;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( ppStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
@@ -116549,14 +118462,18 @@
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, saveSqlFlag, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
-  if( rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
-    sqlite3_finalize(*ppStmt);
-    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, saveSqlFlag, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
-  }
+  do{
+    /* Make multiple attempts to compile the SQL, until it either succeeds
+    ** or encounters a permanent error.  A schema problem after one schema
+    ** reset is considered a permanent error. */
+    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, prepFlags, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
+    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || *ppStmt==0 );
+  }while( rc==SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY
+       || (rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA && (sqlite3ResetOneSchema(db,-1), cnt++)==0) );
   sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
+  rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
+  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || *ppStmt==0 );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -116573,13 +118490,15 @@
   sqlite3_stmt *pNew;
   const char *zSql;
   sqlite3 *db;
+  u8 prepFlags;
 
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3VdbeDb(p)->mutex) );
   zSql = sqlite3_sql((sqlite3_stmt *)p);
   assert( zSql!=0 );  /* Reprepare only called for prepare_v2() statements */
   db = sqlite3VdbeDb(p);
   assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql, -1, 0, p, &pNew, 0);
+  prepFlags = sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(p);
+  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql, -1, prepFlags, p, &pNew, 0);
   if( rc ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
       sqlite3OomFault(db);
@@ -116625,8 +118544,36 @@
   const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
   int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,1,0,ppStmt,pzTail);
-  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-37923-12173 The sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works
+  ** exactly the same as sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags
+  ** parameter.
+  **
+  ** Proof in that the 5th parameter to sqlite3LockAndPrepare is 0 */
+  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL,0,
+                             ppStmt,pzTail);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );
+  return rc;
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
+  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
+  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
+  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
+){
+  int rc;
+  /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-56861-42673 sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from
+  ** sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having the extra prepFlags parameter,
+  ** which is a bit array consisting of zero or more of the
+  ** SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags.
+  **
+  ** Proof by comparison to the implementation of sqlite3_prepare_v2()
+  ** directly above. */
+  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,
+                 SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL|(prepFlags&SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK),
+                 0,ppStmt,pzTail);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -116639,7 +118586,7 @@
   sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
   const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
   int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
-  int saveSqlFlag,          /* True to save SQL text into the sqlite3_stmt */
+  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
   const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
@@ -116667,7 +118614,7 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   zSql8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zSql, nBytes, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
   if( zSql8 ){
-    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, saveSqlFlag, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
+    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, prepFlags, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
   }
 
   if( zTail8 && pzTail ){
@@ -116713,7 +118660,22 @@
   const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
 ){
   int rc;
-  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,1,ppStmt,pzTail);
+  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL,ppStmt,pzTail);
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
+  return rc;
+}
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
+  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
+  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
+  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
+){
+  int rc;
+  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,
+         SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL|(prepFlags&SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK),
+         ppStmt,pzTail);
   assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
   return rc;
 }
@@ -116798,8 +118760,7 @@
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pHaving);
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, p->pOrderBy);
     sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pOffset);
-    if( p->pWith ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, p->pWith);
+    if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p->pWith) ) sqlite3WithDelete(db, p->pWith);
     if( bFree ) sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, p);
     p = pPrior;
     bFree = 1;
@@ -116831,8 +118792,7 @@
   Expr *pHaving,        /* the HAVING clause */
   ExprList *pOrderBy,   /* the ORDER BY clause */
   u32 selFlags,         /* Flag parameters, such as SF_Distinct */
-  Expr *pLimit,         /* LIMIT value.  NULL means not used */
-  Expr *pOffset         /* OFFSET value.  NULL means no offset */
+  Expr *pLimit          /* LIMIT value.  NULL means not used */
 ){
   Select *pNew;
   Select standin;
@@ -116842,7 +118802,8 @@
     pNew = &standin;
   }
   if( pEList==0 ){
-    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, sqlite3Expr(pParse->db,TK_ASTERISK,0));
+    pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0,
+                                   sqlite3Expr(pParse->db,TK_ASTERISK,0));
   }
   pNew->pEList = pEList;
   pNew->op = TK_SELECT;
@@ -116864,9 +118825,7 @@
   pNew->pPrior = 0;
   pNew->pNext = 0;
   pNew->pLimit = pLimit;
-  pNew->pOffset = pOffset;
   pNew->pWith = 0;
-  assert( pOffset==0 || pLimit!=0 || pParse->nErr>0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed!=0 );
   if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) {
     clearSelect(pParse->db, pNew, pNew!=&standin);
     pNew = 0;
@@ -116893,7 +118852,7 @@
 ** Delete the given Select structure and all of its substructures.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectDelete(sqlite3 *db, Select *p){
-  if( p ) clearSelect(db, p, 1);
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p) ) clearSelect(db, p, 1);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -117134,11 +119093,10 @@
   pLeft = &pSrc->a[0];
   pRight = &pLeft[1];
   for(i=0; i<pSrc->nSrc-1; i++, pRight++, pLeft++){
-    Table *pLeftTab = pLeft->pTab;
     Table *pRightTab = pRight->pTab;
     int isOuter;
 
-    if( NEVER(pLeftTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
+    if( NEVER(pLeft->pTab==0 || pRightTab==0) ) continue;
     isOuter = (pRight->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0;
 
     /* When the NATURAL keyword is present, add WHERE clause terms for
@@ -117286,11 +119244,11 @@
     if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
     pOp->p2 = nKey + nData;
     pKI = pOp->p4.pKeyInfo;
-    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nField); /* Makes OP_Jump below testable */
+    memset(pKI->aSortOrder, 0, pKI->nKeyField); /* Makes OP_Jump testable */
     sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, (char*)pKI, P4_KEYINFO);
-    testcase( pKI->nXField>2 );
+    testcase( pKI->nAllField > pKI->nKeyField+2 );
     pOp->p4.pKeyInfo = keyInfoFromExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, nOBSat,
-                                           pKI->nXField-1);
+                                           pKI->nAllField-pKI->nKeyField-1);
     addrJmp = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Jump, addrJmp+1, 0, addrJmp+1); VdbeCoverage(v);
     pSort->labelBkOut = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
@@ -117388,16 +119346,15 @@
 ** This routine generates the code for the inside of the inner loop
 ** of a SELECT.
 **
-** If srcTab is negative, then the pEList expressions
+** If srcTab is negative, then the p->pEList expressions
 ** are evaluated in order to get the data for this row.  If srcTab is
-** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and pEList is used only 
+** zero or more, then data is pulled from srcTab and p->pEList is used only 
 ** to get the number of columns and the collation sequence for each column.
 */
 static void selectInnerLoop(
   Parse *pParse,          /* The parser context */
   Select *p,              /* The complete select statement being coded */
-  ExprList *pEList,       /* List of values being extracted */
-  int srcTab,             /* Pull data from this table */
+  int srcTab,             /* Pull data from this table if non-negative */
   SortCtx *pSort,         /* If not NULL, info on how to process ORDER BY */
   DistinctCtx *pDistinct, /* If not NULL, info on how to process DISTINCT */
   SelectDest *pDest,      /* How to dispose of the results */
@@ -117421,7 +119378,7 @@
   int regOrig;                /* Start of memory holding full result (or 0) */
 
   assert( v );
-  assert( pEList!=0 );
+  assert( p->pEList!=0 );
   hasDistinct = pDistinct ? pDistinct->eTnctType : WHERE_DISTINCT_NOOP;
   if( pSort && pSort->pOrderBy==0 ) pSort = 0;
   if( pSort==0 && !hasDistinct ){
@@ -117431,7 +119388,7 @@
 
   /* Pull the requested columns.
   */
-  nResultCol = pEList->nExpr;
+  nResultCol = p->pEList->nExpr;
 
   if( pDest->iSdst==0 ){
     if( pSort ){
@@ -117454,7 +119411,7 @@
   if( srcTab>=0 ){
     for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, srcTab, i, regResult+i);
-      VdbeComment((v, "%s", pEList->a[i].zName));
+      VdbeComment((v, "%s", p->pEList->a[i].zName));
     }
   }else if( eDest!=SRT_Exists ){
     /* If the destination is an EXISTS(...) expression, the actual
@@ -117467,24 +119424,25 @@
       ecelFlags = 0;
     }
     if( pSort && hasDistinct==0 && eDest!=SRT_EphemTab && eDest!=SRT_Table ){
-      /* For each expression in pEList that is a copy of an expression in
+      /* For each expression in p->pEList that is a copy of an expression in
       ** the ORDER BY clause (pSort->pOrderBy), set the associated 
       ** iOrderByCol value to one more than the index of the ORDER BY 
       ** expression within the sort-key that pushOntoSorter() will generate.
-      ** This allows the pEList field to be omitted from the sorted record,
+      ** This allows the p->pEList field to be omitted from the sorted record,
       ** saving space and CPU cycles.  */
       ecelFlags |= (SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF|SQLITE_ECEL_REF);
       for(i=pSort->nOBSat; i<pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
         int j;
         if( (j = pSort->pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol)>0 ){
-          pEList->a[j-1].u.x.iOrderByCol = i+1-pSort->nOBSat;
+          p->pEList->a[j-1].u.x.iOrderByCol = i+1-pSort->nOBSat;
         }
       }
       regOrig = 0;
       assert( eDest==SRT_Set || eDest==SRT_Mem 
            || eDest==SRT_Coroutine || eDest==SRT_Output );
     }
-    nResultCol = sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse,pEList,regResult,0,ecelFlags);
+    nResultCol = sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse,p->pEList,regResult,
+                                         0,ecelFlags);
   }
 
   /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
@@ -117516,7 +119474,7 @@
 
         iJump = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + nResultCol;
         for(i=0; i<nResultCol; i++){
-          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pEList->a[i].pExpr);
+          CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, p->pEList->a[i].pExpr);
           if( i<nResultCol-1 ){
             sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, regResult+i, iJump, regPrev+i);
             VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -117755,12 +119713,12 @@
 ** X extra columns.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE KeyInfo *sqlite3KeyInfoAlloc(sqlite3 *db, int N, int X){
-  int nExtra = (N+X)*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1);
+  int nExtra = (N+X)*(sizeof(CollSeq*)+1) - sizeof(CollSeq*);
   KeyInfo *p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(KeyInfo) + nExtra);
   if( p ){
     p->aSortOrder = (u8*)&p->aColl[N+X];
-    p->nField = (u16)N;
-    p->nXField = (u16)X;
+    p->nKeyField = (u16)N;
+    p->nAllField = (u16)(N+X);
     p->enc = ENC(db);
     p->db = db;
     p->nRef = 1;
@@ -117834,10 +119792,7 @@
   if( pInfo ){
     assert( sqlite3KeyInfoIsWriteable(pInfo) );
     for(i=iStart, pItem=pList->a+iStart; i<nExpr; i++, pItem++){
-      CollSeq *pColl;
-      pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
-      if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-      pInfo->aColl[i-iStart] = pColl;
+      pInfo->aColl[i-iStart] = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pItem->pExpr);
       pInfo->aSortOrder[i-iStart] = pItem->sortOrder;
     }
   }
@@ -118087,23 +120042,23 @@
 ** the SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA compile-time option is used.
 */
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
-# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,C,D,E,F)
+# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E) columnTypeImpl(A,B,C,D,E)
 #else /* if !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA) */
-# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E,F) columnTypeImpl(A,B,F)
+# define columnType(A,B,C,D,E) columnTypeImpl(A,B)
 #endif
 static const char *columnTypeImpl(
   NameContext *pNC, 
+#ifndef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+  Expr *pExpr
+#else
   Expr *pExpr,
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
   const char **pzOrigDb,
   const char **pzOrigTab,
-  const char **pzOrigCol,
+  const char **pzOrigCol
 #endif
-  u8 *pEstWidth
 ){
   char const *zType = 0;
   int j;
-  u8 estWidth = 1;
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
   char const *zOrigDb = 0;
   char const *zOrigTab = 0;
@@ -118112,8 +120067,9 @@
 
   assert( pExpr!=0 );
   assert( pNC->pSrcList!=0 );
+  assert( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* This routine runes before aggregates
+                                       ** are processed */
   switch( pExpr->op ){
-    case TK_AGG_COLUMN:
     case TK_COLUMN: {
       /* The expression is a column. Locate the table the column is being
       ** extracted from in NameContext.pSrcList. This table may be real
@@ -118122,8 +120078,6 @@
       Table *pTab = 0;            /* Table structure column is extracted from */
       Select *pS = 0;             /* Select the column is extracted from */
       int iCol = pExpr->iColumn;  /* Index of column in pTab */
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN );
-      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN );
       while( pNC && !pTab ){
         SrcList *pTabList = pNC->pSrcList;
         for(j=0;j<pTabList->nSrc && pTabList->a[j].iCursor!=pExpr->iTable;j++);
@@ -118172,33 +120126,32 @@
           sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
           sNC.pNext = pNC;
           sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-          zType = columnType(&sNC, p,&zOrigDb,&zOrigTab,&zOrigCol, &estWidth); 
+          zType = columnType(&sNC, p,&zOrigDb,&zOrigTab,&zOrigCol); 
         }
-      }else if( pTab->pSchema ){
-        /* A real table */
+      }else{
+        /* A real table or a CTE table */
         assert( !pS );
-        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
-        assert( iCol==-1 || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COLUMN_METADATA
+        if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
+        assert( iCol==XN_ROWID || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
         if( iCol<0 ){
           zType = "INTEGER";
           zOrigCol = "rowid";
         }else{
           zOrigCol = pTab->aCol[iCol].zName;
           zType = sqlite3ColumnType(&pTab->aCol[iCol],0);
-          estWidth = pTab->aCol[iCol].szEst;
         }
         zOrigTab = pTab->zName;
-        if( pNC->pParse ){
+        if( pNC->pParse && pTab->pSchema ){
           int iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(pNC->pParse->db, pTab->pSchema);
           zOrigDb = pNC->pParse->db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName;
         }
 #else
+        assert( iCol==XN_ROWID || (iCol>=0 && iCol<pTab->nCol) );
         if( iCol<0 ){
           zType = "INTEGER";
         }else{
           zType = sqlite3ColumnType(&pTab->aCol[iCol],0);
-          estWidth = pTab->aCol[iCol].szEst;
         }
 #endif
       }
@@ -118217,7 +120170,7 @@
       sNC.pSrcList = pS->pSrc;
       sNC.pNext = pNC;
       sNC.pParse = pNC->pParse;
-      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol, &estWidth); 
+      zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol); 
       break;
     }
 #endif
@@ -118231,7 +120184,6 @@
     *pzOrigCol = zOrigCol;
   }
 #endif
-  if( pEstWidth ) *pEstWidth = estWidth;
   return zType;
 }
 
@@ -118258,7 +120210,7 @@
     const char *zOrigDb = 0;
     const char *zOrigTab = 0;
     const char *zOrigCol = 0;
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol, 0);
+    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, &zOrigDb, &zOrigTab, &zOrigCol);
 
     /* The vdbe must make its own copy of the column-type and other 
     ** column specific strings, in case the schema is reset before this
@@ -118268,7 +120220,7 @@
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_TABLE, zOrigTab, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_COLUMN, zOrigCol, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 #else
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
 #endif
     sqlite3VdbeSetColName(v, i, COLNAME_DECLTYPE, zType, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
   }
@@ -118277,9 +120229,34 @@
 
 
 /*
-** Generate code that will tell the VDBE the names of columns
-** in the result set.  This information is used to provide the
-** azCol[] values in the callback.
+** Compute the column names for a SELECT statement.
+**
+** The only guarantee that SQLite makes about column names is that if the
+** column has an AS clause assigning it a name, that will be the name used.
+** That is the only documented guarantee.  However, countless applications
+** developed over the years have made baseless assumptions about column names
+** and will break if those assumptions changes.  Hence, use extreme caution
+** when modifying this routine to avoid breaking legacy.
+**
+** See Also: sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList()
+**
+** The PRAGMA short_column_names and PRAGMA full_column_names settings are
+** deprecated.  The default setting is short=ON, full=OFF.  99.9% of all
+** applications should operate this way.  Nevertheless, we need to support the
+** other modes for legacy:
+**
+**    short=OFF, full=OFF:      Column name is the text of the expression has it
+**                              originally appears in the SELECT statement.  In
+**                              other words, the zSpan of the result expression.
+**
+**    short=ON, full=OFF:       (This is the default setting).  If the result
+**                              refers directly to a table column, then the
+**                              result column name is just the table column
+**                              name: COLUMN.  Otherwise use zSpan.
+**
+**    full=ON, short=ANY:       If the result refers directly to a table column,
+**                              then the result column name with the table name
+**                              prefix, ex: TABLE.COLUMN.  Otherwise use zSpan.
 */
 static void generateColumnNames(
   Parse *pParse,      /* Parser context */
@@ -118304,6 +120281,7 @@
   if( pParse->colNamesSet || db->mallocFailed ) return;
   /* Column names are determined by the left-most term of a compound select */
   while( pSelect->pPrior ) pSelect = pSelect->pPrior;
+  SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,pSelect,("generating column names\n"));
   pTabList = pSelect->pSrc;
   pEList = pSelect->pEList;
   assert( v!=0 );
@@ -118316,6 +120294,8 @@
     Expr *p = pEList->a[i].pExpr;
 
     assert( p!=0 );
+    assert( p->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );  /* Agg processing has not run yet */
+    assert( p->op!=TK_COLUMN || p->pTab!=0 ); /* Covering idx not yet coded */
     if( pEList->a[i].zName ){
       /* An AS clause always takes first priority */
       char *zName = pEList->a[i].zName;
@@ -118360,6 +120340,15 @@
 **
 ** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If a memory allocation error occurs,
 ** store NULL in *paCol and 0 in *pnCol and return SQLITE_NOMEM.
+**
+** The only guarantee that SQLite makes about column names is that if the
+** column has an AS clause assigning it a name, that will be the name used.
+** That is the only documented guarantee.  However, countless applications
+** developed over the years have made baseless assumptions about column names
+** and will break if those assumptions changes.  Hence, use extreme caution
+** when modifying this routine to avoid breaking legacy.
+**
+** See Also: generateColumnNames()
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
   Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
@@ -118372,7 +120361,6 @@
   u32 cnt;                    /* Index added to make the name unique */
   Column *aCol, *pCol;        /* For looping over result columns */
   int nCol;                   /* Number of columns in the result set */
-  Expr *p;                    /* Expression for a single result column */
   char *zName;                /* Column name */
   int nName;                  /* Size of name in zName[] */
   Hash ht;                    /* Hash table of column names */
@@ -118382,6 +120370,7 @@
     nCol = pEList->nExpr;
     aCol = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(aCol[0])*nCol);
     testcase( aCol==0 );
+    if( nCol>32767 ) nCol = 32767;
   }else{
     nCol = 0;
     aCol = 0;
@@ -118393,20 +120382,20 @@
   for(i=0, pCol=aCol; i<nCol && !db->mallocFailed; i++, pCol++){
     /* Get an appropriate name for the column
     */
-    p = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
     if( (zName = pEList->a[i].zName)!=0 ){
       /* If the column contains an "AS <name>" phrase, use <name> as the name */
     }else{
-      Expr *pColExpr = p;  /* The expression that is the result column name */
-      Table *pTab;         /* Table associated with this expression */
+      Expr *pColExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pEList->a[i].pExpr);
       while( pColExpr->op==TK_DOT ){
         pColExpr = pColExpr->pRight;
         assert( pColExpr!=0 );
       }
-      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pColExpr->pTab!=0 ){
+      assert( pColExpr->op!=TK_AGG_COLUMN );
+      if( pColExpr->op==TK_COLUMN ){
         /* For columns use the column name name */
         int iCol = pColExpr->iColumn;
-        pTab = pColExpr->pTab;
+        Table *pTab = pColExpr->pTab;
+        assert( pTab!=0 );
         if( iCol<0 ) iCol = pTab->iPKey;
         zName = iCol>=0 ? pTab->aCol[iCol].zName : "rowid";
       }else if( pColExpr->op==TK_ID ){
@@ -118417,7 +120406,11 @@
         zName = pEList->a[i].zSpan;
       }
     }
-    zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", zName);
+    if( zName ){
+      zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zName);
+    }else{
+      zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db,"column%d",i+1);
+    }
 
     /* Make sure the column name is unique.  If the name is not unique,
     ** append an integer to the name so that it becomes unique.
@@ -118474,7 +120467,6 @@
   int i;
   Expr *p;
   struct ExprList_item *a;
-  u64 szAll = 0;
 
   assert( pSelect!=0 );
   assert( (pSelect->selFlags & SF_Resolved)!=0 );
@@ -118487,10 +120479,11 @@
     const char *zType;
     int n, m;
     p = a[i].pExpr;
-    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0, &pCol->szEst);
-    szAll += pCol->szEst;
+    zType = columnType(&sNC, p, 0, 0, 0);
+    /* pCol->szEst = ... // Column size est for SELECT tables never used */
     pCol->affinity = sqlite3ExprAffinity(p);
-    if( zType && (m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType))>0 ){
+    if( zType ){
+      m = sqlite3Strlen30(zType);
       n = sqlite3Strlen30(pCol->zName);
       pCol->zName = sqlite3DbReallocOrFree(db, pCol->zName, n+m+2);
       if( pCol->zName ){
@@ -118504,7 +120497,7 @@
       pCol->zColl = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pColl->zName);
     }
   }
-  pTab->szTabRow = sqlite3LogEst(szAll*4);
+  pTab->szTabRow = 1; /* Any non-zero value works */
 }
 
 /*
@@ -118547,25 +120540,22 @@
 ** Get a VDBE for the given parser context.  Create a new one if necessary.
 ** If an error occurs, return NULL and leave a message in pParse.
 */
-static SQLITE_NOINLINE Vdbe *allocVdbe(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe = sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse);
-  if( v ) sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Init, 0, 1);
+SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
+  if( pParse->pVdbe ){
+    return pParse->pVdbe;
+  }
   if( pParse->pToplevel==0
    && OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db,SQLITE_FactorOutConst)
   ){
     pParse->okConstFactor = 1;
   }
-  return v;
-}
-SQLITE_PRIVATE Vdbe *sqlite3GetVdbe(Parse *pParse){
-  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
-  return v ? v : allocVdbe(pParse);
+  return sqlite3VdbeCreate(pParse);
 }
 
 
 /*
 ** Compute the iLimit and iOffset fields of the SELECT based on the
-** pLimit and pOffset expressions.  pLimit and pOffset hold the expressions
+** pLimit expressions.  pLimit->pLeft and pLimit->pRight hold the expressions
 ** that appear in the original SQL statement after the LIMIT and OFFSET
 ** keywords.  Or NULL if those keywords are omitted. iLimit and iOffset 
 ** are the integer memory register numbers for counters used to compute 
@@ -118573,15 +120563,15 @@
 ** iLimit and iOffset are negative.
 **
 ** This routine changes the values of iLimit and iOffset only if
-** a limit or offset is defined by pLimit and pOffset.  iLimit and
-** iOffset should have been preset to appropriate default values (zero)
+** a limit or offset is defined by pLimit->pLeft and pLimit->pRight.  iLimit
+** and iOffset should have been preset to appropriate default values (zero)
 ** prior to calling this routine.
 **
 ** The iOffset register (if it exists) is initialized to the value
 ** of the OFFSET.  The iLimit register is initialized to LIMIT.  Register
 ** iOffset+1 is initialized to LIMIT+OFFSET.
 **
-** Only if pLimit!=0 or pOffset!=0 do the limit registers get
+** Only if pLimit->pLeft!=0 do the limit registers get
 ** redefined.  The UNION ALL operator uses this property to force
 ** the reuse of the same limit and offset registers across multiple
 ** SELECT statements.
@@ -118591,6 +120581,8 @@
   int iLimit = 0;
   int iOffset;
   int n;
+  Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
+
   if( p->iLimit ) return;
 
   /* 
@@ -118600,12 +120592,13 @@
   ** no rows.
   */
   sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
-  assert( p->pOffset==0 || p->pLimit!=0 );
-  if( p->pLimit ){
+  if( pLimit ){
+    assert( pLimit->op==TK_LIMIT );
+    assert( pLimit->pLeft!=0 );
     p->iLimit = iLimit = ++pParse->nMem;
     v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
     assert( v!=0 );
-    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(p->pLimit, &n) ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pLimit->pLeft, &n) ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, n, iLimit);
       VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT counter"));
       if( n==0 ){
@@ -118615,15 +120608,15 @@
         p->selFlags |= SF_FixedLimit;
       }
     }else{
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p->pLimit, iLimit);
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pLimit->pLeft, iLimit);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, iLimit); VdbeCoverage(v);
       VdbeComment((v, "LIMIT counter"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IfNot, iLimit, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
     }
-    if( p->pOffset ){
+    if( pLimit->pRight ){
       p->iOffset = iOffset = ++pParse->nMem;
       pParse->nMem++;   /* Allocate an extra register for limit+offset */
-      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p->pOffset, iOffset);
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pLimit->pRight, iOffset);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_MustBeInt, iOffset); VdbeCoverage(v);
       VdbeComment((v, "OFFSET counter"));
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_OffsetLimit, iLimit, iOffset+1, iOffset);
@@ -118753,7 +120746,7 @@
   int i;                        /* Loop counter */
   int rc;                       /* Result code */
   ExprList *pOrderBy;           /* The ORDER BY clause */
-  Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;       /* Saved LIMIT and OFFSET */
+  Expr *pLimit;                 /* Saved LIMIT and OFFSET */
   int regLimit, regOffset;      /* Registers used by LIMIT and OFFSET */
 
   /* Obtain authorization to do a recursive query */
@@ -118764,10 +120757,9 @@
   p->nSelectRow = 320;  /* 4 billion rows */
   computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, addrBreak);
   pLimit = p->pLimit;
-  pOffset = p->pOffset;
   regLimit = p->iLimit;
   regOffset = p->iOffset;
-  p->pLimit = p->pOffset = 0;
+  p->pLimit = 0;
   p->iLimit = p->iOffset = 0;
   pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
 
@@ -118832,7 +120824,7 @@
   /* Output the single row in Current */
   addrCont = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
   codeOffset(v, regOffset, addrCont);
-  selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, iCurrent,
+  selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, iCurrent,
       0, 0, pDest, addrCont, addrBreak);
   if( regLimit ){
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_DecrJumpZero, regLimit, addrBreak);
@@ -118860,7 +120852,6 @@
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, p->pOrderBy);
   p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
   p->pLimit = pLimit;
-  p->pOffset = pOffset;
   return;
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */
@@ -118879,9 +120870,14 @@
 ** on a VALUES clause.
 **
 ** Because the Select object originates from a VALUES clause:
-**   (1) It has no LIMIT or OFFSET
+**   (1) There is no LIMIT or OFFSET or else there is a LIMIT of exactly 1
 **   (2) All terms are UNION ALL
 **   (3) There is no ORDER BY clause
+**
+** The "LIMIT of exactly 1" case of condition (1) comes about when a VALUES
+** clause occurs within scalar expression (ex: "SELECT (VALUES(1),(2),(3))").
+** The sqlite3CodeSubselect will have added the LIMIT 1 clause in tht case.
+** Since the limit is exactly 1, we only need to evalutes the left-most VALUES.
 */
 static int multiSelectValues(
   Parse *pParse,        /* Parsing context */
@@ -118889,14 +120885,13 @@
   SelectDest *pDest     /* What to do with query results */
 ){
   Select *pPrior;
+  Select *pRightmost = p;
   int nRow = 1;
   int rc = 0;
   assert( p->selFlags & SF_MultiValue );
   do{
     assert( p->selFlags & SF_Values );
     assert( p->op==TK_ALL || (p->op==TK_SELECT && p->pPrior==0) );
-    assert( p->pLimit==0 );
-    assert( p->pOffset==0 );
     assert( p->pNext==0 || p->pEList->nExpr==p->pNext->pEList->nExpr );
     if( p->pPrior==0 ) break;
     assert( p->pPrior->pNext==p );
@@ -118908,7 +120903,7 @@
     p->pPrior = 0;
     rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, pDest);
     p->pPrior = pPrior;
-    if( rc ) break;
+    if( rc || pRightmost->pLimit ) break;
     p->nSelectRow = nRow;
     p = p->pNext;
   }
@@ -118970,15 +120965,9 @@
   db = pParse->db;
   pPrior = p->pPrior;
   dest = *pDest;
-  if( pPrior->pOrderBy ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"ORDER BY clause should come after %s not before",
-      selectOpName(p->op));
-    rc = 1;
-    goto multi_select_end;
-  }
-  if( pPrior->pLimit ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"LIMIT clause should come after %s not before",
-      selectOpName(p->op));
+  if( pPrior->pOrderBy || pPrior->pLimit ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,"%s clause should come after %s not before",
+      pPrior->pOrderBy!=0 ? "ORDER BY" : "LIMIT", selectOpName(p->op));
     rc = 1;
     goto multi_select_end;
   }
@@ -119029,11 +121018,9 @@
       pPrior->iLimit = p->iLimit;
       pPrior->iOffset = p->iOffset;
       pPrior->pLimit = p->pLimit;
-      pPrior->pOffset = p->pOffset;
       explainSetInteger(iSub1, pParse->iNextSelectId);
       rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pPrior, &dest);
       p->pLimit = 0;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
       if( rc ){
         goto multi_select_end;
       }
@@ -119055,7 +121042,7 @@
       p->pPrior = pPrior;
       p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEstAdd(p->nSelectRow, pPrior->nSelectRow);
       if( pPrior->pLimit
-       && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pPrior->pLimit, &nLimit)
+       && sqlite3ExprIsInteger(pPrior->pLimit->pLeft, &nLimit)
        && nLimit>0 && p->nSelectRow > sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit) 
       ){
         p->nSelectRow = sqlite3LogEst((u64)nLimit);
@@ -119070,7 +121057,7 @@
       int unionTab;    /* Cursor number of the temporary table holding result */
       u8 op = 0;       /* One of the SRT_ operations to apply to self */
       int priorOp;     /* The SRT_ operation to apply to prior selects */
-      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset; /* Saved values of p->nLimit and p->nOffset */
+      Expr *pLimit;    /* Saved values of p->nLimit  */
       int addr;
       SelectDest uniondest;
 
@@ -119082,7 +121069,6 @@
         ** right.
         */
         assert( p->pLimit==0 );      /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
-        assert( p->pOffset==0 );     /* Not allowed on leftward elements */
         unionTab = dest.iSDParm;
       }else{
         /* We will need to create our own temporary table to hold the
@@ -119118,8 +121104,6 @@
       p->pPrior = 0;
       pLimit = p->pLimit;
       p->pLimit = 0;
-      pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
       uniondest.eDest = op;
       explainSetInteger(iSub2, pParse->iNextSelectId);
       rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &uniondest);
@@ -119135,7 +121119,6 @@
       }
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
       p->pLimit = pLimit;
-      p->pOffset = pOffset;
       p->iLimit = 0;
       p->iOffset = 0;
 
@@ -119151,7 +121134,7 @@
         computeLimitRegisters(pParse, p, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rewind, unionTab, iBreak); VdbeCoverage(v);
         iStart = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);
-        selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, unionTab,
+        selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, unionTab,
                         0, 0, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
         sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, unionTab, iStart); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -119163,7 +121146,7 @@
     default: assert( p->op==TK_INTERSECT ); {
       int tab1, tab2;
       int iCont, iBreak, iStart;
-      Expr *pLimit, *pOffset;
+      Expr *pLimit;
       int addr;
       SelectDest intersectdest;
       int r1;
@@ -119199,8 +121182,6 @@
       p->pPrior = 0;
       pLimit = p->pLimit;
       p->pLimit = 0;
-      pOffset = p->pOffset;
-      p->pOffset = 0;
       intersectdest.iSDParm = tab2;
       explainSetInteger(iSub2, pParse->iNextSelectId);
       rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, p, &intersectdest);
@@ -119210,7 +121191,6 @@
       if( p->nSelectRow>pPrior->nSelectRow ) p->nSelectRow = pPrior->nSelectRow;
       sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
       p->pLimit = pLimit;
-      p->pOffset = pOffset;
 
       /* Generate code to take the intersection of the two temporary
       ** tables.
@@ -119224,7 +121204,7 @@
       iStart = sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowData, tab1, r1);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_NotFound, tab2, iCont, r1, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
       sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, tab1,
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, tab1,
                       0, 0, &dest, iCont, iBreak);
       sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, iCont);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Next, tab1, iStart); VdbeCoverage(v);
@@ -119689,8 +121669,6 @@
   }
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pLimit);
   p->pLimit = 0;
-  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, p->pOffset);
-  p->pOffset = 0;
 
   regAddrA = ++pParse->nMem;
   regAddrB = ++pParse->nMem;
@@ -119876,7 +121854,9 @@
   Expr *pExpr            /* Expr in which substitution occurs */
 ){
   if( pExpr==0 ) return 0;
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) && pExpr->iRightJoinTable==pSubst->iTable ){
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+   && pExpr->iRightJoinTable==pSubst->iTable
+  ){
     pExpr->iRightJoinTable = pSubst->iNewTable;
   }
   if( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN && pExpr->iTable==pSubst->iTable ){
@@ -119900,9 +121880,12 @@
           pCopy = &ifNullRow;
         }
         pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCopy, 0);
-        if( pNew && (pExpr->flags & EP_FromJoin) ){
+        if( pNew && pSubst->isLeftJoin ){
+          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_CanBeNull);
+        }
+        if( pNew && ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_FromJoin) ){
           pNew->iRightJoinTable = pExpr->iRightJoinTable;
-          pNew->flags |= EP_FromJoin;
+          ExprSetProperty(pNew, EP_FromJoin);
         }
         sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
         pExpr = pNew;
@@ -119986,67 +121969,74 @@
 ** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
 ** avoided.
 **
-** Flattening is only attempted if all of the following are true:
+** Flattening is subject to the following constraints:
 **
-**   (1)  The subquery and the outer query do not both use aggregates.
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries. Was:
+**        The subquery and the outer query cannot both be aggregates.
 **
-**   (2)  The subquery is not an aggregate or (2a) the outer query is not a join
-**        and (2b) the outer query does not use subqueries other than the one
-**        FROM-clause subquery that is a candidate for flattening.  (2b is
-**        due to ticket [2f7170d73bf9abf80] from 2015-02-09.)
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries. Was:
+**        (2) If the subquery is an aggregate then
+**        (2a) the outer query must not be a join and
+**        (2b) the outer query must not use subqueries
+**             other than the one FROM-clause subquery that is a candidate
+**             for flattening.  (This is due to ticket [2f7170d73bf9abf80]
+**             from 2015-02-09.)
 **
-**   (3)  The subquery is not the right operand of a LEFT JOIN
-**        or the subquery is not itself a join and the outer query is not
-**        an aggregate.
+**   (3)  If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN then
+**        (3a) the subquery may not be a join and
+**        (3b) the FROM clause of the subquery may not contain a virtual
+**             table and
+**        (3c) the outer query may not be an aggregate.
 **
-**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT.
+**   (4)  The subquery can not be DISTINCT.
 **
 **  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
 **        sub-queries that were excluded from this optimization. Restriction 
 **        (4) has since been expanded to exclude all DISTINCT subqueries.
 **
-**   (6)  The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query is not
-**        DISTINCT.
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries.  Was:
+**        If the subquery is aggregate, the outer query may not be DISTINCT.
 **
-**   (7)  The subquery has a FROM clause.  TODO:  For subqueries without
+**   (7)  The subquery must have a FROM clause.  TODO:  For subqueries without
 **        A FROM clause, consider adding a FROM clause with the special
 **        table sqlite_once that consists of a single row containing a
 **        single NULL.
 **
-**   (8)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not a join.
+**   (8)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not be a join.
 **
-**   (9)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not use
-**        aggregates.
+**   (9)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not be aggregate.
 **
 **  (**)  Restriction (10) was removed from the code on 2005-02-05 but we
 **        accidently carried the comment forward until 2014-09-15.  Original
-**        text: "The subquery does not use aggregates or the outer query 
-**        does not use LIMIT."
+**        constraint: "If the subquery is aggregate then the outer query 
+**        may not use LIMIT."
 **
-**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query do not both have ORDER BY clauses.
+**  (11)  The subquery and the outer query may not both have ORDER BY clauses.
 **
 **  (**)  Not implemented.  Subsumed into restriction (3).  Was previously
 **        a separate restriction deriving from ticket #350.
 **
-**  (13)  The subquery and outer query do not both use LIMIT.
+**  (13)  The subquery and outer query may not both use LIMIT.
 **
-**  (14)  The subquery does not use OFFSET.
+**  (14)  The subquery may not use OFFSET.
 **
-**  (15)  The outer query is not part of a compound select or the
-**        subquery does not have a LIMIT clause.
+**  (15)  If the outer query is part of a compound select, then the
+**        subquery may not use LIMIT.
 **        (See ticket #2339 and ticket [02a8e81d44]).
 **
-**  (16)  The outer query is not an aggregate or the subquery does
-**        not contain ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
+**  (16)  If the outer query is aggregate, then the subquery may not
+**        use ORDER BY.  (Ticket #2942)  This used to not matter
 **        until we introduced the group_concat() function.  
 **
-**  (17)  The sub-query is not a compound select, or it is a UNION ALL 
-**        compound clause made up entirely of non-aggregate queries, and 
-**        the parent query:
-**
-**          * is not itself part of a compound select,
-**          * is not an aggregate or DISTINCT query, and
-**          * is not a join
+**  (17)  If the subquery is a compound select, then
+**        (17a) all compound operators must be a UNION ALL, and
+**        (17b) no terms within the subquery compound may be aggregate
+**              or DISTINCT, and
+**        (17c) every term within the subquery compound must have a FROM clause
+**        (17d) the outer query may not be
+**              (17d1) aggregate, or
+**              (17d2) DISTINCT, or
+**              (17d3) a join.
 **
 **        The parent and sub-query may contain WHERE clauses. Subject to
 **        rules (11), (13) and (14), they may also contain ORDER BY,
@@ -120062,10 +122052,10 @@
 **        syntax error and return a detailed message.
 **
 **  (18)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then all terms of the
-**        ORDER by clause of the parent must be simple references to 
+**        ORDER BY clause of the parent must be simple references to 
 **        columns of the sub-query.
 **
-**  (19)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query does not
+**  (19)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not
 **        have a WHERE clause.
 **
 **  (20)  If the sub-query is a compound select, then it must not use
@@ -120074,17 +122064,19 @@
 **        appear as unmodified result columns in the outer query.  But we
 **        have other optimizations in mind to deal with that case.
 **
-**  (21)  The subquery does not use LIMIT or the outer query is not
+**  (21)  If the subquery uses LIMIT then the outer query may not be
 **        DISTINCT.  (See ticket [752e1646fc]).
 **
-**  (22)  The subquery is not a recursive CTE.
+**  (22)  The subquery may not be a recursive CTE.
 **
-**  (23)  The parent is not a recursive CTE, or the sub-query is not a
-**        compound query. This restriction is because transforming the
+**  (**)  Subsumed into restriction (17d3).  Was: If the outer query is
+**        a recursive CTE, then the sub-query may not be a compound query.
+**        This restriction is because transforming the
 **        parent to a compound query confuses the code that handles
 **        recursive queries in multiSelect().
 **
-**  (24)  The subquery is not an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or 
+**  (**)  We no longer attempt to flatten aggregate subqueries.  Was:
+**        The subquery may not be an aggregate that uses the built-in min() or 
 **        or max() functions.  (Without this restriction, a query like:
 **        "SELECT x FROM (SELECT max(y), x FROM t1)" would not necessarily
 **        return the value X for which Y was maximal.)
@@ -120092,7 +122084,7 @@
 **
 ** In this routine, the "p" parameter is a pointer to the outer query.
 ** The subquery is p->pSrc->a[iFrom].  isAgg is true if the outer query
-** uses aggregates and subqueryIsAgg is true if the subquery uses aggregates.
+** uses aggregates.
 **
 ** If flattening is not attempted, this routine is a no-op and returns 0.
 ** If flattening is attempted this routine returns 1.
@@ -120104,8 +122096,7 @@
   Parse *pParse,       /* Parsing context */
   Select *p,           /* The parent or outer SELECT statement */
   int iFrom,           /* Index in p->pSrc->a[] of the inner subquery */
-  int isAgg,           /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
-  int subqueryIsAgg    /* True if the subquery uses aggregate functions */
+  int isAgg            /* True if outer SELECT uses aggregate functions */
 ){
   const char *zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
   Select *pParent;    /* Current UNION ALL term of the other query */
@@ -120124,7 +122115,7 @@
   /* Check to see if flattening is permitted.  Return 0 if not.
   */
   assert( p!=0 );
-  assert( p->pPrior==0 );  /* Unable to flatten compound queries */
+  assert( p->pPrior==0 );
   if( OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener) ) return 0;
   pSrc = p->pSrc;
   assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
@@ -120132,16 +122123,6 @@
   iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
   pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
   assert( pSub!=0 );
-  if( subqueryIsAgg ){
-    if( isAgg ) return 0;                                /* Restriction (1)   */
-    if( pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;                         /* Restriction (2a)  */
-    if( (p->pWhere && ExprHasProperty(p->pWhere,EP_Subquery))
-     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pEList) & EP_Subquery)!=0
-     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pOrderBy) & EP_Subquery)!=0
-    ){
-      return 0;                                          /* Restriction (2b)  */
-    }
-  }
 
   pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
   assert( pSubSrc );
@@ -120151,18 +122132,15 @@
   ** became arbitrary expressions, we were forced to add restrictions (13)
   ** and (14). */
   if( pSub->pLimit && p->pLimit ) return 0;              /* Restriction (13) */
-  if( pSub->pOffset ) return 0;                          /* Restriction (14) */
+  if( pSub->pLimit && pSub->pLimit->pRight ) return 0;   /* Restriction (14) */
   if( (p->selFlags & SF_Compound)!=0 && pSub->pLimit ){
     return 0;                                            /* Restriction (15) */
   }
   if( pSubSrc->nSrc==0 ) return 0;                       /* Restriction (7)  */
-  if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct ) return 0;           /* Restriction (5)  */
+  if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Distinct ) return 0;           /* Restriction (4)  */
   if( pSub->pLimit && (pSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg) ){
      return 0;         /* Restrictions (8)(9) */
   }
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 && subqueryIsAgg ){
-     return 0;         /* Restriction (6)  */
-  }
   if( p->pOrderBy && pSub->pOrderBy ){
      return 0;                                           /* Restriction (11) */
   }
@@ -120171,18 +122149,14 @@
   if( pSub->pLimit && (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 ){
      return 0;         /* Restriction (21) */
   }
-  testcase( pSub->selFlags & SF_Recursive );
-  testcase( pSub->selFlags & SF_MinMaxAgg );
-  if( pSub->selFlags & (SF_Recursive|SF_MinMaxAgg) ){
-    return 0; /* Restrictions (22) and (24) */
-  }
-  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive) && pSub->pPrior ){
-    return 0; /* Restriction (23) */
+  if( pSub->selFlags & (SF_Recursive) ){
+    return 0; /* Restrictions (22) */
   }
 
   /*
   ** If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, then the
-  ** subquery may not be a join itself.  Example of why this is not allowed:
+  ** subquery may not be a join itself (3a). Example of why this is not
+  ** allowed:
   **
   **         t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN (t2 JOIN t3)
   **
@@ -120193,54 +122167,56 @@
   ** which is not at all the same thing.
   **
   ** If the subquery is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN, then the outer
-  ** query cannot be an aggregate.  This is an artifact of the way aggregates
-  ** are processed - there is not mechanism to determine if the LEFT JOIN
-  ** table should be all-NULL.
+  ** query cannot be an aggregate. (3c)  This is an artifact of the way
+  ** aggregates are processed - there is no mechanism to determine if
+  ** the LEFT JOIN table should be all-NULL.
   **
   ** See also tickets #306, #350, and #3300.
   */
   if( (pSubitem->fg.jointype & JT_OUTER)!=0 ){
     isLeftJoin = 1;
-    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg ){
-      return 0; /* Restriction (3) */
+    if( pSubSrc->nSrc>1 || isAgg || IsVirtual(pSubSrc->a[0].pTab) ){
+      /*  (3a)             (3c)     (3b) */
+      return 0;
     }
   }
 #ifdef SQLITE_EXTRA_IFNULLROW
   else if( iFrom>0 && !isAgg ){
     /* Setting isLeftJoin to -1 causes OP_IfNullRow opcodes to be generated for
-    ** every reference to any result column from subquery in a join, even though
-    ** they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow opcode. */
+    ** every reference to any result column from subquery in a join, even
+    ** though they are not necessary.  This will stress-test the OP_IfNullRow 
+    ** opcode. */
     isLeftJoin = -1;
   }
 #endif
 
-  /* Restriction 17: If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
+  /* Restriction (17): If the sub-query is a compound SELECT, then it must
   ** use only the UNION ALL operator. And none of the simple select queries
   ** that make up the compound SELECT are allowed to be aggregate or distinct
   ** queries.
   */
   if( pSub->pPrior ){
     if( pSub->pOrderBy ){
-      return 0;  /* Restriction 20 */
+      return 0;  /* Restriction (20) */
     }
     if( isAgg || (p->selFlags & SF_Distinct)!=0 || pSrc->nSrc!=1 ){
-      return 0;
+      return 0; /* (17d1), (17d2), or (17d3) */
     }
     for(pSub1=pSub; pSub1; pSub1=pSub1->pPrior){
       testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
       testcase( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
       assert( pSub->pSrc!=0 );
       assert( pSub->pEList->nExpr==pSub1->pEList->nExpr );
-      if( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))!=0
-       || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL) 
-       || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc<1
+      if( (pSub1->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))!=0    /* (17b) */
+       || (pSub1->pPrior && pSub1->op!=TK_ALL)                 /* (17a) */
+       || pSub1->pSrc->nSrc<1                                  /* (17c) */
       ){
         return 0;
       }
       testcase( pSub1->pSrc->nSrc>1 );
     }
 
-    /* Restriction 18. */
+    /* Restriction (18). */
     if( p->pOrderBy ){
       int ii;
       for(ii=0; ii<p->pOrderBy->nExpr; ii++){
@@ -120249,6 +122225,14 @@
     }
   }
 
+  /* Ex-restriction (23):
+  ** The only way that the recursive part of a CTE can contain a compound
+  ** subquery is for the subquery to be one term of a join.  But if the
+  ** subquery is a join, then the flattening has already been stopped by
+  ** restriction (17d3)
+  */
+  assert( (p->selFlags & SF_Recursive)==0 || pSub->pPrior==0 );
+
   /***** If we reach this point, flattening is permitted. *****/
   SELECTTRACE(1,pParse,p,("flatten %s.%p from term %d\n",
                    pSub->zSelName, pSub, iFrom));
@@ -120296,16 +122280,13 @@
     Select *pNew;
     ExprList *pOrderBy = p->pOrderBy;
     Expr *pLimit = p->pLimit;
-    Expr *pOffset = p->pOffset;
     Select *pPrior = p->pPrior;
     p->pOrderBy = 0;
     p->pSrc = 0;
     p->pPrior = 0;
     p->pLimit = 0;
-    p->pOffset = 0;
     pNew = sqlite3SelectDup(db, p, 0);
     sqlite3SelectSetName(pNew, pSub->zSelName);
-    p->pOffset = pOffset;
     p->pLimit = pLimit;
     p->pOrderBy = pOrderBy;
     p->pSrc = pSrc;
@@ -120461,18 +122442,7 @@
     if( isLeftJoin>0 ){
       setJoinExpr(pWhere, iNewParent);
     }
-    if( subqueryIsAgg ){
-      assert( pParent->pHaving==0 );
-      pParent->pHaving = pParent->pWhere;
-      pParent->pWhere = pWhere;
-      pParent->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, 
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pSub->pHaving, 0), pParent->pHaving
-      );
-      assert( pParent->pGroupBy==0 );
-      pParent->pGroupBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pSub->pGroupBy, 0);
-    }else{
-      pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
-    }
+    pParent->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pWhere, pParent->pWhere);
     if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
       SubstContext x;
       x.pParse = pParse;
@@ -120535,9 +122505,13 @@
 **
 ** Do not attempt this optimization if:
 **
-**   (1) The inner query is an aggregate.  (In that case, we'd really want
-**       to copy the outer WHERE-clause terms onto the HAVING clause of the
-**       inner query.  But they probably won't help there so do not bother.)
+**   (1) (** This restriction was removed on 2017-09-29.  We used to
+**           disallow this optimization for aggregate subqueries, but now
+**           it is allowed by putting the extra terms on the HAVING clause.
+**           The added HAVING clause is pointless if the subquery lacks
+**           a GROUP BY clause.  But such a HAVING clause is also harmless
+**           so there does not appear to be any reason to add extra logic
+**           to suppress it. **)
 **
 **   (2) The inner query is the recursive part of a common table expression.
 **
@@ -120562,16 +122536,22 @@
 ){
   Expr *pNew;
   int nChng = 0;
-  Select *pX;           /* For looping over compound SELECTs in pSubq */
   if( pWhere==0 ) return 0;
-  for(pX=pSubq; pX; pX=pX->pPrior){
-    if( (pX->selFlags & (SF_Aggregate|SF_Recursive))!=0 ){
-      testcase( pX->selFlags & SF_Aggregate );
-      testcase( pX->selFlags & SF_Recursive );
-      testcase( pX!=pSubq );
-      return 0; /* restrictions (1) and (2) */
+  if( pSubq->selFlags & SF_Recursive ) return 0;  /* restriction (2) */
+
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+  /* Only the first term of a compound can have a WITH clause.  But make
+  ** sure no other terms are marked SF_Recursive in case something changes
+  ** in the future.
+  */
+  {
+    Select *pX;  
+    for(pX=pSubq; pX; pX=pX->pPrior){
+      assert( (pX->selFlags & (SF_Recursive))==0 );
     }
   }
+#endif
+
   if( pSubq->pLimit!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restriction (3) */
   }
@@ -120579,7 +122559,7 @@
     nChng += pushDownWhereTerms(pParse, pSubq, pWhere->pRight, iCursor);
     pWhere = pWhere->pLeft;
   }
-  if( ExprHasProperty(pWhere,EP_FromJoin) ) return 0; /* restriction 5 */
+  if( ExprHasProperty(pWhere,EP_FromJoin) ) return 0; /* restriction (5) */
   if( sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pWhere, iCursor) ){
     nChng++;
     while( pSubq ){
@@ -120591,7 +122571,11 @@
       x.isLeftJoin = 0;
       x.pEList = pSubq->pEList;
       pNew = substExpr(&x, pNew);
-      pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
+      if( pSubq->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ){
+        pSubq->pHaving = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pHaving, pNew);
+      }else{
+        pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(pParse->db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
+      }
       pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;
     }
   }
@@ -120600,42 +122584,44 @@
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) */
 
 /*
-** Based on the contents of the AggInfo structure indicated by the first
-** argument, this function checks if the following are true:
+** The pFunc is the only aggregate function in the query.  Check to see
+** if the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization. 
 **
-**    * the query contains just a single aggregate function,
-**    * the aggregate function is either min() or max(), and
-**    * the argument to the aggregate function is a column value.
+** If the query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then set
+** *ppMinMax to be an ORDER BY clause to be used for the optimization
+** and return either WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX depending on
+** whether pFunc is a min() or max() function.
 **
-** If all of the above are true, then WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX
-** is returned as appropriate. Also, *ppMinMax is set to point to the 
-** list of arguments passed to the aggregate before returning.
+** If the query is not a candidate for the min/max optimization, return
+** WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL (which must be zero).
 **
-** Or, if the conditions above are not met, *ppMinMax is set to 0 and
-** WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL is returned.
+** This routine must be called after aggregate functions have been
+** located but before their arguments have been subjected to aggregate
+** analysis.
 */
-static u8 minMaxQuery(AggInfo *pAggInfo, ExprList **ppMinMax){
-  int eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;          /* Return value */
+static u8 minMaxQuery(sqlite3 *db, Expr *pFunc, ExprList **ppMinMax){
+  int eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;      /* Return value */
+  ExprList *pEList = pFunc->x.pList;    /* Arguments to agg function */
+  const char *zFunc;                    /* Name of aggregate function pFunc */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy;
+  u8 sortOrder;
 
-  *ppMinMax = 0;
-  if( pAggInfo->nFunc==1 ){
-    Expr *pExpr = pAggInfo->aFunc[0].pExpr; /* Aggregate function */
-    ExprList *pEList = pExpr->x.pList;      /* Arguments to agg function */
-
-    assert( pExpr->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
-    if( pEList && pEList->nExpr==1 && pEList->a[0].pExpr->op==TK_AGG_COLUMN ){
-      const char *zFunc = pExpr->u.zToken;
-      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "min")==0 ){
-        eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
-        *ppMinMax = pEList;
-      }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "max")==0 ){
-        eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;
-        *ppMinMax = pEList;
-      }
-    }
+  assert( *ppMinMax==0 );
+  assert( pFunc->op==TK_AGG_FUNCTION );
+  if( pEList==0 || pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return eRet;
+  zFunc = pFunc->u.zToken;
+  if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "min")==0 ){
+    eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN;
+    sortOrder = SQLITE_SO_ASC;
+  }else if( sqlite3StrICmp(zFunc, "max")==0 ){
+    eRet = WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX;
+    sortOrder = SQLITE_SO_DESC;
+  }else{
+    return eRet;
   }
-
-  assert( *ppMinMax==0 || (*ppMinMax)->nExpr==1 );
+  *ppMinMax = pOrderBy = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, 0);
+  assert( pOrderBy!=0 || db->mallocFailed );
+  if( pOrderBy ) pOrderBy->a[0].sortOrder = sortOrder;
   return eRet;
 }
 
@@ -120766,7 +122752,6 @@
   assert( pNew->pPrior!=0 );
   pNew->pPrior->pNext = pNew;
   pNew->pLimit = 0;
-  pNew->pOffset = 0;
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -120919,7 +122904,8 @@
       );
       return SQLITE_ERROR;
     }
-    assert( pTab->nTabRef==1 || ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nTabRef==2 ));
+    assert( pTab->nTabRef==1 || 
+            ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nTabRef==2 ));
 
     pCte->zCteErr = "circular reference: %s";
     pSavedWith = pParse->pWith;
@@ -120976,7 +122962,7 @@
 */
 static void selectPopWith(Walker *pWalker, Select *p){
   Parse *pParse = pWalker->pParse;
-  if( pParse->pWith && p->pPrior==0 ){
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(pParse->pWith) && p->pPrior==0 ){
     With *pWith = findRightmost(p)->pWith;
     if( pWith!=0 ){
       assert( pParse->pWith==pWith );
@@ -121021,17 +123007,19 @@
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
   Expr *pE, *pRight, *pExpr;
   u16 selFlags = p->selFlags;
+  u32 elistFlags = 0;
 
   p->selFlags |= SF_Expanded;
   if( db->mallocFailed  ){
     return WRC_Abort;
   }
-  if( NEVER(p->pSrc==0) || (selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 ){
+  assert( p->pSrc!=0 );
+  if( (selFlags & SF_Expanded)!=0 ){
     return WRC_Prune;
   }
   pTabList = p->pSrc;
   pEList = p->pEList;
-  if( p->pWith ){
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(p->pWith) ){
     sqlite3WithPush(pParse, p->pWith, 0);
   }
 
@@ -121063,7 +123051,11 @@
       pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
       if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
       pTab->nTabRef = 1;
-      pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_sq_%p", (void*)pTab);
+      if( pFrom->zAlias ){
+        pTab->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pFrom->zAlias);
+      }else{
+        pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "subquery_%p", (void*)pTab);
+      }
       while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
       sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList,&pTab->nCol,&pTab->aCol);
       pTab->iPKey = -1;
@@ -121129,6 +123121,7 @@
     assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || pE->pRight!=0 );
     assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || (pE->pLeft!=0 && pE->pLeft->op==TK_ID) );
     if( pE->op==TK_DOT && pE->pRight->op==TK_ASTERISK ) break;
+    elistFlags |= pE->flags;
   }
   if( k<pEList->nExpr ){
     /*
@@ -121144,6 +123137,7 @@
 
     for(k=0; k<pEList->nExpr; k++){
       pE = a[k].pExpr;
+      elistFlags |= pE->flags;
       pRight = pE->pRight;
       assert( pE->op!=TK_DOT || pRight!=0 );
       if( pE->op!=TK_ASTERISK
@@ -121273,12 +123267,15 @@
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pEList);
     p->pEList = pNew;
   }
-#if SQLITE_MAX_COLUMN
-  if( p->pEList && p->pEList->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
-    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in result set");
-    return WRC_Abort;
+  if( p->pEList ){
+    if( p->pEList->nExpr>db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN] ){
+      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many columns in result set");
+      return WRC_Abort;
+    }
+    if( (elistFlags & (EP_HasFunc|EP_Subquery))!=0 ){
+      p->selFlags |= SF_ComplexResult;
+    }
   }
-#endif
   return WRC_Continue;
 }
 
@@ -121297,6 +123294,25 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** No-op routine for the parse-tree walker for SELECT statements.
+** subquery in the parser tree.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3SelectWalkNoop(Walker *NotUsed, Select *NotUsed2){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+#if SQLITE_DEBUG
+/*
+** Always assert.  This xSelectCallback2 implementation proves that the
+** xSelectCallback2 is never invoked.
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE void sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2(Walker *NotUsed, Select *NotUsed2){
+  UNUSED_PARAMETER2(NotUsed, NotUsed2);
+  assert( 0 );
+}
+#endif
+/*
 ** This routine "expands" a SELECT statement and all of its subqueries.
 ** For additional information on what it means to "expand" a SELECT
 ** statement, see the comment on the selectExpand worker callback above.
@@ -121311,11 +123327,11 @@
 */
 static void sqlite3SelectExpand(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
   w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
   w.pParse = pParse;
-  if( pParse->hasCompound ){
+  if( OK_IF_ALWAYS_TRUE(pParse->hasCompound) ){
     w.xSelectCallback = convertCompoundSelectToSubquery;
+    w.xSelectCallback2 = 0;
     sqlite3WalkSelect(&w, pSelect);
   }
   w.xSelectCallback = selectExpander;
@@ -121375,7 +123391,7 @@
 static void sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(Parse *pParse, Select *pSelect){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
   Walker w;
-  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkNoop;
   w.xSelectCallback2 = selectAddSubqueryTypeInfo;
   w.xExprCallback = sqlite3ExprWalkNoop;
   w.pParse = pParse;
@@ -121401,15 +123417,13 @@
   Select *p,             /* The SELECT statement being coded. */
   NameContext *pOuterNC  /* Name context for container */
 ){
-  sqlite3 *db;
-  if( NEVER(p==0) ) return;
-  db = pParse->db;
-  if( db->mallocFailed ) return;
+  assert( p!=0 || pParse->db->mallocFailed );
+  if( pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
   if( p->selFlags & SF_HasTypeInfo ) return;
   sqlite3SelectExpand(pParse, p);
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+  if( pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
   sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(pParse, p, pOuterNC);
-  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ) return;
+  if( pParse->nErr || pParse->db->mallocFailed ) return;
   sqlite3SelectAddTypeInfo(pParse, p);
 }
 
@@ -121669,7 +123683,9 @@
     if( pItem->zName==0 ) continue;
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zDatabase, pThis->zDatabase)!=0 ) continue;
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(pItem->zName, pThis->zName)!=0 ) continue;
-    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pItem->pSelect->pWhere, -1) ){
+    if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, 
+          pThis->pSelect->pWhere, pItem->pSelect->pWhere, -1) 
+    ){
       /* The view was modified by some other optimization such as
       ** pushDownWhereTerms() */
       continue;
@@ -121679,6 +123695,88 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION
+/*
+** Attempt to transform a query of the form
+**
+**    SELECT count(*) FROM (SELECT x FROM t1 UNION ALL SELECT y FROM t2)
+**
+** Into this:
+**
+**    SELECT (SELECT count(*) FROM t1)+(SELECT count(*) FROM t2)
+**
+** The transformation only works if all of the following are true:
+**
+**   *  The subquery is a UNION ALL of two or more terms
+**   *  There is no WHERE or GROUP BY or HAVING clauses on the subqueries
+**   *  The outer query is a simple count(*)
+**
+** Return TRUE if the optimization is undertaken.
+*/
+static int countOfViewOptimization(Parse *pParse, Select *p){
+  Select *pSub, *pPrior;
+  Expr *pExpr;
+  Expr *pCount;
+  sqlite3 *db;
+  if( (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)==0 ) return 0;   /* This is an aggregate */
+  if( p->pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;               /* Single result column */
+  pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
+  if( pExpr->op!=TK_AGG_FUNCTION ) return 0;        /* Result is an aggregate */
+  if( sqlite3_stricmp(pExpr->u.zToken,"count") ) return 0;  /* Is count() */
+  if( pExpr->x.pList!=0 ) return 0;                 /* Must be count(*) */
+  if( p->pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;                  /* One table in FROM  */
+  pSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect;
+  if( pSub==0 ) return 0;                           /* The FROM is a subquery */
+  if( pSub->pPrior==0 ) return 0;                   /* Must be a compound ry */
+  do{
+    if( pSub->op!=TK_ALL && pSub->pPrior ) return 0;  /* Must be UNION ALL */
+    if( pSub->pWhere ) return 0;                      /* No WHERE clause */
+    if( pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate ) return 0;     /* Not an aggregate */
+    pSub = pSub->pPrior;                              /* Repeat over compound */
+  }while( pSub );
+
+  /* If we reach this point then it is OK to perform the transformation */
+
+  db = pParse->db;
+  pCount = pExpr;
+  pExpr = 0;
+  pSub = p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect;
+  p->pSrc->a[0].pSelect = 0;
+  sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, p->pSrc);
+  p->pSrc = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*p->pSrc));
+  while( pSub ){
+    Expr *pTerm;
+    pPrior = pSub->pPrior;
+    pSub->pPrior = 0;
+    pSub->pNext = 0;
+    pSub->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
+    pSub->selFlags &= ~SF_Compound;
+    pSub->nSelectRow = 0;
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pSub->pEList);
+    pTerm = pPrior ? sqlite3ExprDup(db, pCount, 0) : pCount;
+    pSub->pEList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, pTerm);
+    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, pTerm, pSub);
+    if( pExpr==0 ){
+      pExpr = pTerm;
+    }else{
+      pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_PLUS, pTerm, pExpr);
+    }
+    pSub = pPrior;
+  }
+  p->pEList->a[0].pExpr = pExpr;
+  p->selFlags &= ~SF_Aggregate;
+
+#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
+  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+    SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After count-of-view optimization:\n"));
+    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
+  }
+#endif
+  return 1;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION */
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for the SELECT statement given in the p argument.  
 **
@@ -121712,6 +123810,8 @@
   AggInfo sAggInfo;      /* Information used by aggregate queries */
   int iEnd;              /* Address of the end of the query */
   sqlite3 *db;           /* The database connection */
+  ExprList *pMinMaxOrderBy = 0;  /* Added ORDER BY for min/max queries */
+  u8 minMaxFlag;                 /* Flag for min/max queries */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_EXPLAIN
   int iRestoreSelectId = pParse->iSelectId;
@@ -121777,7 +123877,6 @@
   for(i=0; !p->pPrior && i<pTabList->nSrc; i++){
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
     Select *pSub = pItem->pSelect;
-    int isAggSub;
     Table *pTab = pItem->pTab;
     if( pSub==0 ) continue;
 
@@ -121789,13 +123888,45 @@
       goto select_end;
     }
 
-    isAggSub = (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
-    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg, isAggSub) ){
+    /* Do not try to flatten an aggregate subquery.
+    **
+    ** Flattening an aggregate subquery is only possible if the outer query
+    ** is not a join.  But if the outer query is not a join, then the subquery
+    ** will be implemented as a co-routine and there is no advantage to
+    ** flattening in that case.
+    */
+    if( (pSub->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0 ) continue;
+    assert( pSub->pGroupBy==0 );
+
+    /* If the outer query contains a "complex" result set (that is,
+    ** if the result set of the outer query uses functions or subqueries)
+    ** and if the subquery contains an ORDER BY clause and if
+    ** it will be implemented as a co-routine, then do not flatten.  This
+    ** restriction allows SQL constructs like this:
+    **
+    **  SELECT expensive_function(x)
+    **    FROM (SELECT x FROM tab ORDER BY y LIMIT 10);
+    **
+    ** The expensive_function() is only computed on the 10 rows that
+    ** are output, rather than every row of the table.
+    **
+    ** The requirement that the outer query have a complex result set
+    ** means that flattening does occur on simpler SQL constraints without
+    ** the expensive_function() like:
+    **
+    **  SELECT x FROM (SELECT x FROM tab ORDER BY y LIMIT 10);
+    */
+    if( pSub->pOrderBy!=0
+     && i==0
+     && (p->selFlags & SF_ComplexResult)!=0
+     && (pTabList->nSrc==1
+         || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0)
+    ){
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if( flattenSubquery(pParse, p, i, isAgg) ){
       /* This subquery can be absorbed into its parent. */
-      if( isAggSub ){
-        isAgg = 1;
-        p->selFlags |= SF_Aggregate;
-      }
       i = -1;
     }
     pTabList = p->pSrc;
@@ -121829,10 +123960,14 @@
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[i];
     SelectDest dest;
     Select *pSub;
+#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
+    const char *zSavedAuthContext;
+#endif
 
-    /* Issue SQLITE_READ authorizations with a fake column name for any tables that
-    ** are referenced but from which no values are extracted. Examples of where these
-    ** kinds of null SQLITE_READ authorizations would occur:
+    /* Issue SQLITE_READ authorizations with a fake column name for any
+    ** tables that are referenced but from which no values are extracted.
+    ** Examples of where these kinds of null SQLITE_READ authorizations
+    ** would occur:
     **
     **     SELECT count(*) FROM t1;   -- SQLITE_READ t1.""
     **     SELECT t1.* FROM t1, t2;   -- SQLITE_READ t2.""
@@ -121840,10 +123975,10 @@
     ** The fake column name is an empty string.  It is possible for a table to
     ** have a column named by the empty string, in which case there is no way to
     ** distinguish between an unreferenced table and an actual reference to the
-    ** "" column.  The original design was for the fake column name to be a NULL,
+    ** "" column. The original design was for the fake column name to be a NULL,
     ** which would be unambiguous.  But legacy authorization callbacks might
-    ** assume the column name is non-NULL and segfault.  The use of an empty string
-    ** for the fake column name seems safer.
+    ** assume the column name is non-NULL and segfault.  The use of an empty
+    ** string for the fake column name seems safer.
     */
     if( pItem->colUsed==0 ){
       sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_READ, pItem->zName, "", pItem->zDatabase);
@@ -121895,16 +124030,14 @@
 #endif
     }
 
+    zSavedAuthContext = pParse->zAuthContext;
+    pParse->zAuthContext = pItem->zName;
+
     /* Generate code to implement the subquery
     **
-    ** The subquery is implemented as a co-routine if all of these are true:
-    **   (1)  The subquery is guaranteed to be the outer loop (so that it
-    **        does not need to be computed more than once)
-    **   (2)  The ALL keyword after SELECT is omitted.  (Applications are
-    **        allowed to say "SELECT ALL" instead of just "SELECT" to disable
-    **        the use of co-routines.)
-    **   (3)  Co-routines are not disabled using sqlite3_test_control()
-    **        with SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS.
+    ** The subquery is implemented as a co-routine if the subquery is
+    ** guaranteed to be the outer loop (so that it does not need to be
+    ** computed more than once)
     **
     ** TODO: Are there other reasons beside (1) to use a co-routine
     ** implementation?
@@ -121912,13 +124045,12 @@
     if( i==0
      && (pTabList->nSrc==1
             || (pTabList->a[1].fg.jointype&(JT_LEFT|JT_CROSS))!=0)  /* (1) */
-     && (p->selFlags & SF_All)==0                                   /* (2) */
-     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_SubqCoroutine)               /* (3) */
     ){
       /* Implement a co-routine that will return a single row of the result
       ** set on each invocation.
       */
       int addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v)+1;
+     
       pItem->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, pItem->regReturn, 0, addrTop);
       VdbeComment((v, "%s", pItem->pTab->zName));
@@ -121959,6 +124091,9 @@
       pPrior = isSelfJoinView(pTabList, pItem);
       if( pPrior ){
         sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_OpenDup, pItem->iCursor, pPrior->iCursor);
+        explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, pPrior->iSelectId);
+        assert( pPrior->pSelect!=0 );
+        pSub->nSelectRow = pPrior->pSelect->nSelectRow;
       }else{
         sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_EphemTab, pItem->iCursor);
         explainSetInteger(pItem->iSelectId, (u8)pParse->iNextSelectId);
@@ -121973,6 +124108,7 @@
     }
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
     pParse->nHeight -= sqlite3SelectExprHeight(p);
+    pParse->zAuthContext = zSavedAuthContext;
 #endif
   }
 
@@ -121991,6 +124127,16 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_COUNTOFVIEW_OPTIMIZATION
+  if( OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener|SQLITE_CountOfView)
+   && countOfViewOptimization(pParse, p)
+  ){
+    if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
+    pEList = p->pEList;
+    pTabList = p->pSrc;
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* If the query is DISTINCT with an ORDER BY but is not an aggregate, and 
   ** if the select-list is the same as the ORDER BY list, then this query
   ** can be rewritten as a GROUP BY. In other words, this:
@@ -122110,7 +124256,8 @@
     }
 
     /* Use the standard inner loop. */
-    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, pEList, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
+    assert( p->pEList==pEList );
+    selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort, &sDistinct, pDest,
                     sqlite3WhereContinueLabel(pWInfo),
                     sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));
 
@@ -122190,6 +124337,11 @@
       sqlite3ExprAnalyzeAggregates(&sNC, pHaving);
     }
     sAggInfo.nAccumulator = sAggInfo.nColumn;
+    if( p->pGroupBy==0 && p->pHaving==0 && sAggInfo.nFunc==1 ){
+      minMaxFlag = minMaxQuery(db, sAggInfo.aFunc[0].pExpr, &pMinMaxOrderBy);
+    }else{
+      minMaxFlag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
+    }
     for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nFunc; i++){
       assert( !ExprHasProperty(sAggInfo.aFunc[i].pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
       sNC.ncFlags |= NC_InAggFunc;
@@ -122198,6 +124350,24 @@
     }
     sAggInfo.mxReg = pParse->nMem;
     if( db->mallocFailed ) goto select_end;
+#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
+    if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x400 ){
+      int ii;
+      SELECTTRACE(0x400,pParse,p,("After aggregate analysis:\n"));
+      sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
+      for(ii=0; ii<sAggInfo.nColumn; ii++){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-column[%d] iMem=%d\n",
+            ii, sAggInfo.aCol[ii].iMem);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, sAggInfo.aCol[ii].pExpr, 0);
+      }
+      for(ii=0; ii<sAggInfo.nFunc; ii++){
+        sqlite3DebugPrintf("agg-func[%d]: iMem=%d\n",
+            ii, sAggInfo.aFunc[ii].iMem);
+        sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, sAggInfo.aFunc[ii].pExpr, 0);
+      }
+    }
+#endif
+
 
     /* Processing for aggregates with GROUP BY is very different and
     ** much more complex than aggregates without a GROUP BY.
@@ -122413,7 +124583,7 @@
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
       finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrOutputRow+1, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, &sSort,
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, &sSort,
                       &sDistinct, pDest,
                       addrOutputRow+1, addrSetAbort);
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Return, regOutputRow);
@@ -122427,7 +124597,6 @@
      
     } /* endif pGroupBy.  Begin aggregate queries without GROUP BY: */
     else {
-      ExprList *pDel = 0;
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT
       Table *pTab;
       if( (pTab = isSimpleCount(p, &sAggInfo))!=0 ){
@@ -122489,67 +124658,31 @@
       }else
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_BTREECOUNT */
       {
-        /* Check if the query is of one of the following forms:
-        **
-        **   SELECT min(x) FROM ...
-        **   SELECT max(x) FROM ...
-        **
-        ** If it is, then ask the code in where.c to attempt to sort results
-        ** as if there was an "ORDER ON x" or "ORDER ON x DESC" clause. 
-        ** If where.c is able to produce results sorted in this order, then
-        ** add vdbe code to break out of the processing loop after the 
-        ** first iteration (since the first iteration of the loop is 
-        ** guaranteed to operate on the row with the minimum or maximum 
-        ** value of x, the only row required).
-        **
-        ** A special flag must be passed to sqlite3WhereBegin() to slightly
-        ** modify behavior as follows:
-        **
-        **   + If the query is a "SELECT min(x)", then the loop coded by
-        **     where.c should not iterate over any values with a NULL value
-        **     for x.
-        **
-        **   + The optimizer code in where.c (the thing that decides which
-        **     index or indices to use) should place a different priority on 
-        **     satisfying the 'ORDER BY' clause than it does in other cases.
-        **     Refer to code and comments in where.c for details.
-        */
-        ExprList *pMinMax = 0;
-        u8 flag = WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL;
-        
-        assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
-        assert( flag==0 );
-        if( p->pHaving==0 ){
-          flag = minMaxQuery(&sAggInfo, &pMinMax);
-        }
-        assert( flag==0 || (pMinMax!=0 && pMinMax->nExpr==1) );
-
-        if( flag ){
-          pMinMax = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pMinMax, 0);
-          pDel = pMinMax;
-          assert( db->mallocFailed || pMinMax!=0 );
-          if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-            pMinMax->a[0].sortOrder = flag!=WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN ?1:0;
-            pMinMax->a[0].pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
-          }
-        }
-  
         /* This case runs if the aggregate has no GROUP BY clause.  The
         ** processing is much simpler since there is only a single row
         ** of output.
         */
+        assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );
         resetAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMax, 0,flag,0);
+
+        /* If this query is a candidate for the min/max optimization, then
+        ** minMaxFlag will have been previously set to either
+        ** WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN or WHERE_ORDERBY_MAX and pMinMaxOrderBy will
+        ** be an appropriate ORDER BY expression for the optimization.
+        */
+        assert( minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_NORMAL || pMinMaxOrderBy!=0 );
+        assert( pMinMaxOrderBy==0 || pMinMaxOrderBy->nExpr==1 );
+
+        pWInfo = sqlite3WhereBegin(pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pMinMaxOrderBy,
+                                   0, minMaxFlag, 0);
         if( pWInfo==0 ){
-          sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
           goto select_end;
         }
         updateAccumulator(pParse, &sAggInfo);
-        assert( pMinMax==0 || pMinMax->nExpr==1 );
         if( sqlite3WhereIsOrdered(pWInfo)>0 ){
           sqlite3VdbeGoto(v, sqlite3WhereBreakLabel(pWInfo));
           VdbeComment((v, "%s() by index",
-                (flag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
+                (minMaxFlag==WHERE_ORDERBY_MIN?"min":"max")));
         }
         sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
         finalizeAggFunctions(pParse, &sAggInfo);
@@ -122557,9 +124690,8 @@
 
       sSort.pOrderBy = 0;
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pHaving, addrEnd, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, p->pEList, -1, 0, 0, 
+      selectInnerLoop(pParse, p, -1, 0, 0, 
                       pDest, addrEnd, addrEnd);
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pDel);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeResolveLabel(v, addrEnd);
     
@@ -122591,7 +124723,7 @@
   */
 select_end:
   explainSetInteger(pParse->iSelectId, iRestoreSelectId);
-
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pMinMaxOrderBy);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aCol);
   sqlite3DbFree(db, sAggInfo.aFunc);
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
@@ -122831,6 +124963,7 @@
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTmp->pExprList);
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTmp->pSelect);
     sqlite3IdListDelete(db, pTmp->pIdList);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp->zSpan);
 
     sqlite3DbFree(db, pTmp);
   }
@@ -123112,6 +125245,7 @@
     if( v==0 ) goto triggerfinish_cleanup;
     sqlite3BeginWriteOperation(pParse, 0, iDb);
     z = sqlite3DbStrNDup(db, (char*)pAll->z, pAll->n);
+    testcase( z==0 );
     sqlite3NestedParse(pParse,
        "INSERT INTO %Q.%s VALUES('trigger',%Q,%Q,0,'CREATE TRIGGER %q')",
        db->aDb[iDb].zDbSName, MASTER_NAME, zName,
@@ -123145,13 +125279,29 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Duplicate a range of text from an SQL statement, then convert all
+** whitespace characters into ordinary space characters.
+*/
+static char *triggerSpanDup(sqlite3 *db, const char *zStart, const char *zEnd){
+  char *z = sqlite3DbSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
+  int i;
+  if( z ) for(i=0; z[i]; i++) if( sqlite3Isspace(z[i]) ) z[i] = ' ';
+  return z;
+}    
+
+/*
 ** Turn a SELECT statement (that the pSelect parameter points to) into
 ** a trigger step.  Return a pointer to a TriggerStep structure.
 **
 ** The parser calls this routine when it finds a SELECT statement in
 ** body of a TRIGGER.  
 */
-SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(sqlite3 *db, Select *pSelect){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(
+  sqlite3 *db,                /* Database connection */
+  Select *pSelect,            /* The SELECT statement */
+  const char *zStart,         /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd            /* End of SQL text */
+){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(TriggerStep));
   if( pTriggerStep==0 ) {
     sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
@@ -123160,6 +125310,7 @@
   pTriggerStep->op = TK_SELECT;
   pTriggerStep->pSelect = pSelect;
   pTriggerStep->orconf = OE_Default;
+  pTriggerStep->zSpan = triggerSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
   return pTriggerStep;
 }
 
@@ -123172,7 +125323,9 @@
 static TriggerStep *triggerStepAllocate(
   sqlite3 *db,                /* Database connection */
   u8 op,                      /* Trigger opcode */
-  Token *pName                /* The target name */
+  Token *pName,               /* The target name */
+  const char *zStart,         /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd            /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
@@ -123183,6 +125336,7 @@
     sqlite3Dequote(z);
     pTriggerStep->zTarget = z;
     pTriggerStep->op = op;
+    pTriggerStep->zSpan = triggerSpanDup(db, zStart, zEnd);
   }
   return pTriggerStep;
 }
@@ -123199,13 +125353,15 @@
   Token *pTableName,  /* Name of the table into which we insert */
   IdList *pColumn,    /* List of columns in pTableName to insert into */
   Select *pSelect,    /* A SELECT statement that supplies values */
-  u8 orconf           /* The conflict algorithm (OE_Abort, OE_Replace, etc.) */
+  u8 orconf,          /* The conflict algorithm (OE_Abort, OE_Replace, etc.) */
+  const char *zStart, /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd    /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
   assert(pSelect != 0 || db->mallocFailed);
 
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_INSERT, pTableName);
+  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_INSERT, pTableName, zStart, zEnd);
   if( pTriggerStep ){
     pTriggerStep->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     pTriggerStep->pIdList = pColumn;
@@ -123228,11 +125384,13 @@
   Token *pTableName,   /* Name of the table to be updated */
   ExprList *pEList,    /* The SET clause: list of column and new values */
   Expr *pWhere,        /* The WHERE clause */
-  u8 orconf            /* The conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc) */
+  u8 orconf,           /* The conflict algorithm. (OE_Abort, OE_Ignore, etc) */
+  const char *zStart,  /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd     /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_UPDATE, pTableName);
+  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_UPDATE, pTableName, zStart, zEnd);
   if( pTriggerStep ){
     pTriggerStep->pExprList = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pEList, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
@@ -123251,11 +125409,13 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE TriggerStep *sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database connection */
   Token *pTableName,      /* The table from which rows are deleted */
-  Expr *pWhere            /* The WHERE clause */
+  Expr *pWhere,           /* The WHERE clause */
+  const char *zStart,     /* Start of SQL text */
+  const char *zEnd        /* End of SQL text */
 ){
   TriggerStep *pTriggerStep;
 
-  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_DELETE, pTableName);
+  pTriggerStep = triggerStepAllocate(db, TK_DELETE, pTableName, zStart, zEnd);
   if( pTriggerStep ){
     pTriggerStep->pWhere = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
     pTriggerStep->orconf = OE_Default;
@@ -123390,7 +125550,7 @@
       *pp = (*pp)->pNext;
     }
     sqlite3DeleteTrigger(db, pTrigger);
-    db->flags |= SQLITE_InternChanges;
+    db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_SchemaChange;
   }
 }
 
@@ -123510,13 +125670,21 @@
     pParse->eOrconf = (orconf==OE_Default)?pStep->orconf:(u8)orconf;
     assert( pParse->okConstFactor==0 );
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
+    if( pStep->zSpan ){
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_Trace, 0x7fffffff, 1, 0,
+                        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- %s", pStep->zSpan),
+                        P4_DYNAMIC);
+    }
+#endif
+
     switch( pStep->op ){
       case TK_UPDATE: {
         sqlite3Update(pParse, 
           targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
           sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pStep->pExprList, 0), 
           sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 
-          pParse->eOrconf
+          pParse->eOrconf, 0, 0
         );
         break;
       }
@@ -123532,7 +125700,7 @@
       case TK_DELETE: {
         sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse, 
           targetSrcList(pParse, pStep),
-          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0)
+          sqlite3ExprDup(db, pStep->pWhere, 0), 0, 0
         );
         break;
       }
@@ -123650,9 +125818,11 @@
       pTab->zName
     ));
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
-    sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
-      sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
-    );
+    if( pTrigger->zName ){
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP4(v, -1, 
+        sqlite3MPrintf(db, "-- TRIGGER %s", pTrigger->zName), P4_DYNAMIC
+      );
+    }
 #endif
 
     /* If one was specified, code the WHEN clause. If it evaluates to false
@@ -123680,7 +125850,7 @@
     VdbeComment((v, "End: %s.%s", pTrigger->zName, onErrorText(orconf)));
 
     transferParseError(pParse, pSubParse);
-    if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
+    if( db->mallocFailed==0 && pParse->nErr==0 ){
       pProgram->aOp = sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(v, &pProgram->nOp, &pTop->nMaxArg);
     }
     pProgram->nMem = pSubParse->nMem;
@@ -123999,7 +126169,9 @@
   SrcList *pTabList,     /* The table in which we should change things */
   ExprList *pChanges,    /* Things to be changed */
   Expr *pWhere,          /* The WHERE clause.  May be null */
-  int onError            /* How to handle constraint errors */
+  int onError,           /* How to handle constraint errors */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,    /* ORDER BY clause. May be null */
+  Expr *pLimit           /* LIMIT clause. May be null */
 ){
   int i, j;              /* Loop counters */
   Table *pTab;           /* The table to be updated */
@@ -124084,6 +126256,16 @@
 # define isView 0
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT
+  if( !isView ){
+    pWhere = sqlite3LimitWhere(
+        pParse, pTabList, pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, "UPDATE"
+    );
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
   if( sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(pParse, pTab) ){
     goto update_cleanup;
   }
@@ -124252,7 +126434,11 @@
   */
 #if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_TRIGGER)
   if( isView ){
-    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, pWhere, iDataCur);
+    sqlite3MaterializeView(pParse, pTab, 
+        pWhere, pOrderBy, pLimit, iDataCur
+    );
+    pOrderBy = 0;
+    pLimit = 0;
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -124636,6 +126822,10 @@
   sqlite3SrcListDelete(db, pTabList);
   sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pChanges);
   sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pWhere);
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) 
+  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrderBy);
+  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLimit);
+#endif
   return;
 }
 /* Make sure "isView" and other macros defined above are undefined. Otherwise
@@ -124695,7 +126885,7 @@
   int bOnePass;                   /* True to use onepass strategy */
   int addr;                       /* Address of OP_OpenEphemeral */
 
-  /* Allocate nArg registers to martial the arguments to VUpdate. Then
+  /* Allocate nArg registers in which to gather the arguments for VUpdate. Then
   ** create and open the ephemeral table in which the records created from
   ** these arguments will be temporarily stored. */
   assert( v );
@@ -124711,19 +126901,31 @@
   if( pWInfo==0 ) return;
 
   /* Populate the argument registers. */
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
-  if( pRowid ){
-    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
-  }else{
-    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg+1);
-  }
   for(i=0; i<pTab->nCol; i++){
     if( aXRef[i]>=0 ){
       sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pChanges->a[aXRef[i]].pExpr, regArg+2+i);
     }else{
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, i, regArg+2+i);
+      sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, 1); /* Enable sqlite3_vtab_nochange() */
     }
   }
+  if( HasRowid(pTab) ){
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg);
+    if( pRowid ){
+      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRowid, regArg+1);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, iCsr, regArg+1);
+    }
+  }else{
+    Index *pPk;   /* PRIMARY KEY index */
+    i16 iPk;      /* PRIMARY KEY column */
+    pPk = sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pTab);
+    assert( pPk!=0 );
+    assert( pPk->nKeyCol==1 );
+    iPk = pPk->aiColumn[0];
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_VColumn, iCsr, iPk, regArg);
+    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_SCopy, regArg+2+iPk, regArg+1);
+  }
 
   bOnePass = sqlite3WhereOkOnePass(pWInfo, aDummy);
 
@@ -124739,6 +126941,11 @@
     /* Create a record from the argument register contents and insert it into
     ** the ephemeral table. */
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_MakeRecord, regArg, nArg, regRec);
+#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    /* Signal an assert() within OP_MakeRecord that it is allowed to
+    ** accept no-change records with serial_type 10 */
+    sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_NOCHNG_MAGIC);
+#endif
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, ephemTab, regRowid);
     sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, ephemTab, regRec, regRowid);
   }
@@ -124908,7 +127115,8 @@
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;     /* Return code from service routines */
   Btree *pMain;           /* The database being vacuumed */
   Btree *pTemp;           /* The temporary database we vacuum into */
-  int saved_flags;        /* Saved value of the db->flags */
+  u16 saved_mDbFlags;     /* Saved value of db->mDbFlags */
+  u32 saved_flags;        /* Saved value of db->flags */
   int saved_nChange;      /* Saved value of db->nChange */
   int saved_nTotalChange; /* Saved value of db->nTotalChange */
   u8 saved_mTrace;        /* Saved trace settings */
@@ -124931,11 +127139,12 @@
   ** restored before returning. Then set the writable-schema flag, and
   ** disable CHECK and foreign key constraints.  */
   saved_flags = db->flags;
+  saved_mDbFlags = db->mDbFlags;
   saved_nChange = db->nChange;
   saved_nTotalChange = db->nTotalChange;
   saved_mTrace = db->mTrace;
-  db->flags |= (SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks
-                 | SQLITE_PreferBuiltin | SQLITE_Vacuum);
+  db->flags |= SQLITE_WriteSchema | SQLITE_IgnoreChecks;
+  db->mDbFlags |= DBFLAG_PreferBuiltin | DBFLAG_Vacuum;
   db->flags &= ~(SQLITE_ForeignKeys | SQLITE_ReverseOrder | SQLITE_CountRows);
   db->mTrace = 0;
 
@@ -124979,7 +127188,7 @@
     extern void sqlite3CodecGetKey(sqlite3*, int, void**, int*);
     int nKey;
     char *zKey;
-    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, 0, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
+    sqlite3CodecGetKey(db, iDb, (void**)&zKey, &nKey);
     if( nKey ) db->nextPagesize = 0;
   }
 #endif
@@ -125046,8 +127255,8 @@
       "WHERE type='table'AND coalesce(rootpage,1)>0",
       zDbMain
   );
-  assert( (db->flags & SQLITE_Vacuum)!=0 );
-  db->flags &= ~SQLITE_Vacuum;
+  assert( (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_Vacuum)!=0 );
+  db->mDbFlags &= ~DBFLAG_Vacuum;
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto end_of_vacuum;
 
   /* Copy the triggers, views, and virtual tables from the main database
@@ -125115,6 +127324,7 @@
 end_of_vacuum:
   /* Restore the original value of db->flags */
   db->init.iDb = 0;
+  db->mDbFlags = saved_mDbFlags;
   db->flags = saved_flags;
   db->nChange = saved_nChange;
   db->nTotalChange = saved_nTotalChange;
@@ -125191,8 +127401,10 @@
 ){
   Module *pMod;
   int nName = sqlite3Strlen30(zName);
-  pMod = (Module *)sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(db, sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
-  if( pMod ){
+  pMod = (Module *)sqlite3Malloc(sizeof(Module) + nName + 1);
+  if( pMod==0 ){
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
+  }else{
     Module *pDel;
     char *zCopy = (char *)(&pMod[1]);
     memcpy(zCopy, zName, nName+1);
@@ -125667,13 +127879,14 @@
     }
   }
 
-  zModuleName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "%s", pTab->zName);
+  zModuleName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pTab->zName);
   if( !zModuleName ){
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
 
-  pVTable = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(VTable));
+  pVTable = sqlite3MallocZero(sizeof(VTable));
   if( !pVTable ){
+    sqlite3OomFault(db);
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zModuleName);
     return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
   }
@@ -125793,6 +128006,7 @@
     rc = vtabCallConstructor(db, pTab, pMod, pMod->pModule->xConnect, &zErr);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "%s", zErr);
+      pParse->rc = rc;
     }
     sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
   }
@@ -125882,10 +128096,10 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_declare_vtab(sqlite3 *db, const char *zCreateTable){
   VtabCtx *pCtx;
-  Parse *pParse;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   Table *pTab;
   char *zErr = 0;
+  Parse sParse;
 
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
   if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zCreateTable==0 ){
@@ -125902,55 +128116,55 @@
   pTab = pCtx->pTab;
   assert( IsVirtual(pTab) );
 
-  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocZero(db, sizeof(*pParse));
-  if( pParse==0 ){
-    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
-  }else{
-    pParse->declareVtab = 1;
-    pParse->db = db;
-    pParse->nQueryLoop = 1;
-  
-    if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(pParse, zCreateTable, &zErr) 
-     && pParse->pNewTable
-     && !db->mallocFailed
-     && !pParse->pNewTable->pSelect
-     && !IsVirtual(pParse->pNewTable)
-    ){
-      if( !pTab->aCol ){
-        Table *pNew = pParse->pNewTable;
-        Index *pIdx;
-        pTab->aCol = pNew->aCol;
-        pTab->nCol = pNew->nCol;
-        pTab->tabFlags |= pNew->tabFlags & (TF_WithoutRowid|TF_NoVisibleRowid);
-        pNew->nCol = 0;
-        pNew->aCol = 0;
-        assert( pTab->pIndex==0 );
-        if( !HasRowid(pNew) && pCtx->pVTable->pMod->pModule->xUpdate!=0 ){
-          rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-        }
-        pIdx = pNew->pIndex;
-        if( pIdx ){
-          assert( pIdx->pNext==0 );
-          pTab->pIndex = pIdx;
-          pNew->pIndex = 0;
-          pIdx->pTable = pTab;
-        }
+  memset(&sParse, 0, sizeof(sParse));
+  sParse.declareVtab = 1;
+  sParse.db = db;
+  sParse.nQueryLoop = 1;
+  if( SQLITE_OK==sqlite3RunParser(&sParse, zCreateTable, &zErr) 
+   && sParse.pNewTable
+   && !db->mallocFailed
+   && !sParse.pNewTable->pSelect
+   && !IsVirtual(sParse.pNewTable)
+  ){
+    if( !pTab->aCol ){
+      Table *pNew = sParse.pNewTable;
+      Index *pIdx;
+      pTab->aCol = pNew->aCol;
+      pTab->nCol = pNew->nCol;
+      pTab->tabFlags |= pNew->tabFlags & (TF_WithoutRowid|TF_NoVisibleRowid);
+      pNew->nCol = 0;
+      pNew->aCol = 0;
+      assert( pTab->pIndex==0 );
+      assert( HasRowid(pNew) || sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pNew)!=0 );
+      if( !HasRowid(pNew)
+       && pCtx->pVTable->pMod->pModule->xUpdate!=0
+       && sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(pNew)->nKeyCol!=1
+      ){
+        /* WITHOUT ROWID virtual tables must either be read-only (xUpdate==0)
+        ** or else must have a single-column PRIMARY KEY */
+        rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
       }
-      pCtx->bDeclared = 1;
-    }else{
-      sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
-      sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
-      rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      pIdx = pNew->pIndex;
+      if( pIdx ){
+        assert( pIdx->pNext==0 );
+        pTab->pIndex = pIdx;
+        pNew->pIndex = 0;
+        pIdx->pTable = pTab;
+      }
     }
-    pParse->declareVtab = 0;
-  
-    if( pParse->pVdbe ){
-      sqlite3VdbeFinalize(pParse->pVdbe);
-    }
-    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pParse->pNewTable);
-    sqlite3ParserReset(pParse);
-    sqlite3StackFree(db, pParse);
+    pCtx->bDeclared = 1;
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, SQLITE_ERROR, (zErr ? "%s" : 0), zErr);
+    sqlite3DbFree(db, zErr);
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
+  sParse.declareVtab = 0;
+
+  if( sParse.pVdbe ){
+    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
+  }
+  sqlite3DeleteTable(db, sParse.pNewTable);
+  sqlite3ParserReset(&sParse);
 
   assert( (rc&0xff)==rc );
   rc = sqlite3ApiExit(db, rc);
@@ -126697,6 +128911,7 @@
 #define TERM_LIKECOND   0x200  /* Conditionally this LIKE operator term */
 #define TERM_LIKE       0x400  /* The original LIKE operator */
 #define TERM_IS         0x800  /* Term.pExpr is an IS operator */
+#define TERM_VARSELECT  0x1000 /* Term.pExpr contains a correlated sub-query */
 
 /*
 ** An instance of the WhereScan object is used as an iterator for locating
@@ -126786,6 +129001,7 @@
 ** no gaps.
 */
 struct WhereMaskSet {
+  int bVarSelect;               /* Used by sqlite3WhereExprUsage() */
   int n;                        /* Number of assigned cursor values */
   int ix[BMS];                  /* Cursor assigned to each bit */
 };
@@ -126926,7 +129142,6 @@
 **     WO_LE    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE
 **     WO_GT    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT
 **     WO_GE    == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE
-**     WO_MATCH == SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
 */
 #define WO_IN     0x0001
 #define WO_EQ     0x0002
@@ -126934,7 +129149,7 @@
 #define WO_LE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_LE-TK_EQ))
 #define WO_GT     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GT-TK_EQ))
 #define WO_GE     (WO_EQ<<(TK_GE-TK_EQ))
-#define WO_MATCH  0x0040
+#define WO_AUX    0x0040       /* Op useful to virtual tables only */
 #define WO_IS     0x0080
 #define WO_ISNULL 0x0100
 #define WO_OR     0x0200       /* Two or more OR-connected terms */
@@ -127081,7 +129296,7 @@
 ){
   int ret = 0;
 #if !defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) && !defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS)
-  if( pParse->explain==2 )
+  if( sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->explain==2 )
 #endif
   {
     struct SrcList_item *pItem = &pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom];
@@ -127247,8 +129462,8 @@
 */
 static void disableTerm(WhereLevel *pLevel, WhereTerm *pTerm){
   int nLoop = 0;
-  while( ALWAYS(pTerm!=0)
-      && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0
+  assert( pTerm!=0 );
+  while( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_CODED)==0
       && (pLevel->iLeftJoin==0 || ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
       && (pLevel->notReady & pTerm->prereqAll)==0
   ){
@@ -127259,6 +129474,7 @@
     }
     if( pTerm->iParent<0 ) break;
     pTerm = &pTerm->pWC->a[pTerm->iParent];
+    assert( pTerm!=0 );
     pTerm->nChild--;
     if( pTerm->nChild!=0 ) break;
     nLoop++;
@@ -127329,6 +129545,102 @@
   }
 }
 
+
+/*
+** pX is an expression of the form:  (vector) IN (SELECT ...)
+** In other words, it is a vector IN operator with a SELECT clause on the
+** LHS.  But not all terms in the vector are indexable and the terms might
+** not be in the correct order for indexing.
+**
+** This routine makes a copy of the input pX expression and then adjusts
+** the vector on the LHS with corresponding changes to the SELECT so that
+** the vector contains only index terms and those terms are in the correct
+** order.  The modified IN expression is returned.  The caller is responsible
+** for deleting the returned expression.
+**
+** Example:
+**
+**    CREATE TABLE t1(a,b,c,d,e,f);
+**    CREATE INDEX t1x1 ON t1(e,c);
+**    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE (a,b,c,d,e) IN (SELECT v,w,x,y,z FROM t2)
+**                           \_______________________________________/
+**                                     The pX expression
+**
+** Since only columns e and c can be used with the index, in that order,
+** the modified IN expression that is returned will be:
+**
+**        (e,c) IN (SELECT z,x FROM t2)
+**
+** The reduced pX is different from the original (obviously) and thus is
+** only used for indexing, to improve performance.  The original unaltered
+** IN expression must also be run on each output row for correctness.
+*/
+static Expr *removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(
+  Parse *pParse,        /* The parsing context */
+  int iEq,              /* Look at loop terms starting here */
+  WhereLoop *pLoop,     /* The current loop */
+  Expr *pX              /* The IN expression to be reduced */
+){
+  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
+  Expr *pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pX, 0);
+  if( db->mallocFailed==0 ){
+    ExprList *pOrigRhs = pNew->x.pSelect->pEList;  /* Original unmodified RHS */
+    ExprList *pOrigLhs = pNew->pLeft->x.pList;     /* Original unmodified LHS */
+    ExprList *pRhs = 0;         /* New RHS after modifications */
+    ExprList *pLhs = 0;         /* New LHS after mods */
+    int i;                      /* Loop counter */
+    Select *pSelect;            /* Pointer to the SELECT on the RHS */
+
+    for(i=iEq; i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
+      if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
+        int iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->iField - 1;
+        assert( pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
+        pRhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pRhs, pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr);
+        pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
+        assert( pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr!=0 );
+        pLhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pLhs, pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr);
+        pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrigRhs);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pOrigLhs);
+    pNew->pLeft->x.pList = pLhs;
+    pNew->x.pSelect->pEList = pRhs;
+    if( pLhs && pLhs->nExpr==1 ){
+      /* Take care here not to generate a TK_VECTOR containing only a
+      ** single value. Since the parser never creates such a vector, some
+      ** of the subroutines do not handle this case.  */
+      Expr *p = pLhs->a[0].pExpr;
+      pLhs->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pNew->pLeft);
+      pNew->pLeft = p;
+    }
+    pSelect = pNew->x.pSelect;
+    if( pSelect->pOrderBy ){
+      /* If the SELECT statement has an ORDER BY clause, zero the 
+      ** iOrderByCol variables. These are set to non-zero when an 
+      ** ORDER BY term exactly matches one of the terms of the 
+      ** result-set. Since the result-set of the SELECT statement may
+      ** have been modified or reordered, these variables are no longer 
+      ** set correctly.  Since setting them is just an optimization, 
+      ** it's easiest just to zero them here.  */
+      ExprList *pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
+      for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
+        pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    printf("For indexing, change the IN expr:\n");
+    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pX, 0);
+    printf("Into:\n");
+    sqlite3TreeViewExpr(0, pNew, 0);
+#endif
+  }
+  return pNew;
+}
+
+
 /*
 ** Generate code for a single equality term of the WHERE clause.  An equality
 ** term can be either X=expr or X IN (...).   pTerm is the term to be 
@@ -127391,68 +129703,23 @@
       }
     }
     for(i=iEq;i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
-      if( ALWAYS(pLoop->aLTerm[i]) && pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ) nEq++;
+      assert( pLoop->aLTerm[i]!=0 );
+      if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ) nEq++;
     }
 
     if( (pX->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 || pX->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr==1 ){
       eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, 0);
     }else{
-      Select *pSelect = pX->x.pSelect;
       sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
-      u16 savedDbOptFlags = db->dbOptFlags;
-      ExprList *pOrigRhs = pSelect->pEList;
-      ExprList *pOrigLhs = pX->pLeft->x.pList;
-      ExprList *pRhs = 0;         /* New Select.pEList for RHS */
-      ExprList *pLhs = 0;         /* New pX->pLeft vector */
+      pX = removeUnindexableInClauseTerms(pParse, iEq, pLoop, pX);
 
-      for(i=iEq;i<pLoop->nLTerm; i++){
-        if( pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr==pX ){
-          int iField = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->iField - 1;
-          Expr *pNewRhs = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrigRhs->a[iField].pExpr, 0);
-          Expr *pNewLhs = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pOrigLhs->a[iField].pExpr, 0);
-
-          pRhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pRhs, pNewRhs);
-          pLhs = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pLhs, pNewLhs);
-        }
-      }
       if( !db->mallocFailed ){
-        Expr *pLeft = pX->pLeft;
-
-        if( pSelect->pOrderBy ){
-          /* If the SELECT statement has an ORDER BY clause, zero the 
-          ** iOrderByCol variables. These are set to non-zero when an 
-          ** ORDER BY term exactly matches one of the terms of the 
-          ** result-set. Since the result-set of the SELECT statement may
-          ** have been modified or reordered, these variables are no longer 
-          ** set correctly.  Since setting them is just an optimization, 
-          ** it's easiest just to zero them here.  */
-          ExprList *pOrderBy = pSelect->pOrderBy;
-          for(i=0; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++){
-            pOrderBy->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol = 0;
-          }
-        }
-
-        /* Take care here not to generate a TK_VECTOR containing only a
-        ** single value. Since the parser never creates such a vector, some
-        ** of the subroutines do not handle this case.  */
-        if( pLhs->nExpr==1 ){
-          pX->pLeft = pLhs->a[0].pExpr;
-        }else{
-          pLeft->x.pList = pLhs;
-          aiMap = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int) * nEq);
-          testcase( aiMap==0 );
-        }
-        pSelect->pEList = pRhs;
-        db->dbOptFlags |= SQLITE_QueryFlattener;
+        aiMap = (int*)sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(int)*nEq);
         eType = sqlite3FindInIndex(pParse, pX, IN_INDEX_LOOP, 0, aiMap);
-        db->dbOptFlags = savedDbOptFlags;
-        testcase( aiMap!=0 && aiMap[0]!=0 );
-        pSelect->pEList = pOrigRhs;
-        pLeft->x.pList = pOrigLhs;
-        pX->pLeft = pLeft;
+        pTerm->pExpr->iTable = pX->iTable;
       }
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pRhs);
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pX);
+      pX = pTerm->pExpr;
     }
 
     if( eType==IN_INDEX_INDEX_DESC ){
@@ -127747,7 +130014,7 @@
     pWalker->eCode = 1;
   }else if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
     int d1;
-    char d2[3];
+    char d2[4];
     if( 0==sqlite3IsLikeFunction(pWalker->pParse->db, pExpr, &d1, d2) ){
       pWalker->eCode = 1;
     }
@@ -127919,10 +130186,10 @@
 **
 ** Normally, this is just:
 **
-**   OP_Seek $iCur $iRowid
+**   OP_DeferredSeek $iCur $iRowid
 **
 ** However, if the scan currently being coded is a branch of an OR-loop and
-** the statement currently being coded is a SELECT, then P3 of the OP_Seek
+** the statement currently being coded is a SELECT, then P3 of OP_DeferredSeek
 ** is set to iIdxCur and P4 is set to point to an array of integers
 ** containing one entry for each column of the table cursor iCur is open 
 ** on. For each table column, if the column is the i'th column of the 
@@ -127941,7 +130208,7 @@
   assert( iIdxCur>0 );
   assert( pIdx->aiColumn[pIdx->nColumn-1]==-1 );
   
-  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Seek, iIdxCur, 0, iCur);
+  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_DeferredSeek, iIdxCur, 0, iCur);
   if( (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)
    && DbMaskAllZero(sqlite3ParseToplevel(pParse)->writeMask)
   ){
@@ -127970,7 +130237,7 @@
 */
 static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
   assert( nReg>0 );
-  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){
+  if( p && sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
     if( (p->flags & EP_xIsSelect) ){
       Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -128011,7 +130278,7 @@
 */
 static int whereIndexExprTransNode(Walker *p, Expr *pExpr){
   IdxExprTrans *pX = p->u.pIdxTrans;
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr, pX->pIdxExpr, pX->iTabCur)==0 ){
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0, pExpr, pX->pIdxExpr, pX->iTabCur)==0 ){
     pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
     pExpr->iTable = pX->iIdxCur;
     pExpr->iColumn = pX->iIdxCol;
@@ -128023,9 +130290,9 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** For an indexes on expression X, locate every instance of expression X in pExpr
-** and change that subexpression into a reference to the appropriate column of
-** the index.
+** For an indexes on expression X, locate every instance of expression X
+** in pExpr and change that subexpression into a reference to the appropriate
+** column of the index.
 */
 static void whereIndexExprTrans(
   Index *pIdx,      /* The Index */
@@ -128083,7 +130350,7 @@
   int iRowidReg = 0;        /* Rowid is stored in this register, if not zero */
   int iReleaseReg = 0;      /* Temp register to free before returning */
   Index *pIdx = 0;          /* Index used by loop (if any) */
-  int loopAgain;            /* True if constraint generator loop should repeat */
+  int iLoop;                /* Iteration of constraint generator loop */
 
   pParse = pWInfo->pParse;
   v = pParse->pVdbe;
@@ -128591,6 +130858,7 @@
       }
     }else if( bStopAtNull ){
       sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, regBase+nEq);
+      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
       endEq = 0;
       nConstraint++;
     }
@@ -128978,13 +131246,20 @@
   /* Insert code to test every subexpression that can be completely
   ** computed using the current set of tables.
   **
-  ** This loop may run either once (pIdx==0) or twice (pIdx!=0). If
-  ** it is run twice, then the first iteration codes those sub-expressions
-  ** that can be computed using columns from pIdx only (without seeking
-  ** the main table cursor). 
+  ** This loop may run between one and three times, depending on the
+  ** constraints to be generated. The value of stack variable iLoop
+  ** determines the constraints coded by each iteration, as follows:
+  **
+  ** iLoop==1: Code only expressions that are entirely covered by pIdx.
+  ** iLoop==2: Code remaining expressions that do not contain correlated
+  **           sub-queries.  
+  ** iLoop==3: Code all remaining expressions.
+  **
+  ** An effort is made to skip unnecessary iterations of the loop.
   */
+  iLoop = (pIdx ? 1 : 2);
   do{
-    loopAgain = 0;
+    int iNext = 0;                /* Next value for iLoop */
     for(pTerm=pWC->a, j=pWC->nTerm; j>0; j--, pTerm++){
       Expr *pE;
       int skipLikeAddr = 0;
@@ -129002,10 +131277,16 @@
       if( pLevel->iLeftJoin && !ExprHasProperty(pE, EP_FromJoin) ){
         continue;
       }
-      if( pIdx && !sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(pE, pLevel->iTabCur, pIdx) ){
-        loopAgain = 1;
+      
+      if( iLoop==1 && !sqlite3ExprCoveredByIndex(pE, pLevel->iTabCur, pIdx) ){
+        iNext = 2;
         continue;
       }
+      if( iLoop<3 && (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VARSELECT) ){
+        if( iNext==0 ) iNext = 3;
+        continue;
+      }
+
       if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_LIKECOND ){
         /* If the TERM_LIKECOND flag is set, that means that the range search
         ** is sufficient to guarantee that the LIKE operator is true, so we
@@ -129021,12 +131302,18 @@
         VdbeCoverage(v);
 #endif
       }
+#ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0xffff */
+      if( sqlite3WhereTrace ){
+        VdbeNoopComment((v, "WhereTerm[%d] (%p) priority=%d",
+                         pWC->nTerm-j, pTerm, iLoop));
+      }
+#endif
       sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pE, addrCont, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
       if( skipLikeAddr ) sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, skipLikeAddr);
       pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
     }
-    pIdx = 0;
-  }while( loopAgain );
+    iLoop = iNext;
+  }while( iLoop>0 );
 
   /* Insert code to test for implied constraints based on transitivity
   ** of the "==" operator.
@@ -129283,12 +131570,12 @@
   int *pisComplete, /* True if the only wildcard is % in the last character */
   int *pnoCase      /* True if uppercase is equivalent to lowercase */
 ){
-  const char *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
+  const u8 *z = 0;         /* String on RHS of LIKE operator */
   Expr *pRight, *pLeft;      /* Right and left size of LIKE operator */
   ExprList *pList;           /* List of operands to the LIKE operator */
   int c;                     /* One character in z[] */
   int cnt;                   /* Number of non-wildcard prefix characters */
-  char wc[3];                /* Wildcard characters */
+  char wc[4];                /* Wildcard characters */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection */
   sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
   int op;                    /* Opcode of pRight */
@@ -129305,17 +131592,17 @@
 
   pRight = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[0].pExpr);
   op = pRight->op;
-  if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
+  if( op==TK_VARIABLE && (db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG)==0 ){
     Vdbe *pReprepare = pParse->pReprepare;
     int iCol = pRight->iColumn;
     pVal = sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(pReprepare, iCol, SQLITE_AFF_BLOB);
     if( pVal && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_TEXT ){
-      z = (char *)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
+      z = sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
     }
     sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(pParse->pVdbe, iCol);
     assert( pRight->op==TK_VARIABLE || pRight->op==TK_REGISTER );
   }else if( op==TK_STRING ){
-    z = pRight->u.zToken;
+    z = (u8*)pRight->u.zToken;
   }
   if( z ){
 
@@ -129335,16 +131622,42 @@
         return 0;
       }
     }
+
+    /* Count the number of prefix characters prior to the first wildcard */
     cnt = 0;
     while( (c=z[cnt])!=0 && c!=wc[0] && c!=wc[1] && c!=wc[2] ){
       cnt++;
+      if( c==wc[3] && z[cnt]!=0 ) cnt++;
     }
+
+    /* The optimization is possible only if (1) the pattern does not begin
+    ** with a wildcard and if (2) the non-wildcard prefix does not end with
+    ** an (illegal 0xff) character.  The second condition is necessary so
+    ** that we can increment the prefix key to find an upper bound for the
+    ** range search. 
+    */
     if( cnt!=0 && 255!=(u8)z[cnt-1] ){
       Expr *pPrefix;
+
+      /* A "complete" match if the pattern ends with "*" or "%" */
       *pisComplete = c==wc[0] && z[cnt+1]==0;
-      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, z);
-      if( pPrefix ) pPrefix->u.zToken[cnt] = 0;
+
+      /* Get the pattern prefix.  Remove all escapes from the prefix. */
+      pPrefix = sqlite3Expr(db, TK_STRING, (char*)z);
+      if( pPrefix ){
+        int iFrom, iTo;
+        char *zNew = pPrefix->u.zToken;
+        zNew[cnt] = 0;
+        for(iFrom=iTo=0; iFrom<cnt; iFrom++){
+          if( zNew[iFrom]==wc[3] ) iFrom++;
+          zNew[iTo++] = zNew[iFrom];
+        }
+        zNew[iTo] = 0;
+      }
       *ppPrefix = pPrefix;
+
+      /* If the RHS pattern is a bound parameter, make arrangements to
+      ** reprepare the statement when that parameter is rebound */
       if( op==TK_VARIABLE ){
         Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
         sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(v, pRight->iColumn);
@@ -129375,48 +131688,84 @@
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
 /*
-** Check to see if the given expression is of the form
+** Check to see if the pExpr expression is a form that needs to be passed
+** to the xBestIndex method of virtual tables.  Forms of interest include:
 **
-**         column OP expr
+**          Expression                   Virtual Table Operator
+**          -----------------------      ---------------------------------
+**      1.  column MATCH expr            SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH
+**      2.  column GLOB expr             SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB
+**      3.  column LIKE expr             SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE
+**      4.  column REGEXP expr           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP
+**      5.  column != expr               SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE
+**      6.  expr != column               SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE
+**      7.  column IS NOT expr           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT
+**      8.  expr IS NOT column           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT
+**      9.  column IS NOT NULL           SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL
 **
-** where OP is one of MATCH, GLOB, LIKE or REGEXP and "column" is a 
-** column of a virtual table.
+** In every case, "column" must be a column of a virtual table.  If there
+** is a match, set *ppLeft to the "column" expression, set *ppRight to the 
+** "expr" expression (even though in forms (6) and (8) the column is on the
+** right and the expression is on the left).  Also set *peOp2 to the
+** appropriate virtual table operator.  The return value is 1 or 2 if there
+** is a match.  The usual return is 1, but if the RHS is also a column
+** of virtual table in forms (5) or (7) then return 2.
 **
-** If it is then return TRUE.  If not, return FALSE.
+** If the expression matches none of the patterns above, return 0.
 */
-static int isMatchOfColumn(
+static int isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(
   Expr *pExpr,                    /* Test this expression */
-  unsigned char *peOp2            /* OUT: 0 for MATCH, or else an op2 value */
+  unsigned char *peOp2,           /* OUT: 0 for MATCH, or else an op2 value */
+  Expr **ppLeft,                  /* Column expression to left of MATCH/op2 */
+  Expr **ppRight                  /* Expression to left of MATCH/op2 */
 ){
-  static const struct Op2 {
-    const char *zOp;
-    unsigned char eOp2;
-  } aOp[] = {
-    { "match",  SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH },
-    { "glob",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB },
-    { "like",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE },
-    { "regexp", SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP }
-  };
-  ExprList *pList;
-  Expr *pCol;                     /* Column reference */
-  int i;
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
+    static const struct Op2 {
+      const char *zOp;
+      unsigned char eOp2;
+    } aOp[] = {
+      { "match",  SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH },
+      { "glob",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB },
+      { "like",   SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE },
+      { "regexp", SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP }
+    };
+    ExprList *pList;
+    Expr *pCol;                     /* Column reference */
+    int i;
 
-  if( pExpr->op!=TK_FUNCTION ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pList = pExpr->x.pList;
-  if( pList==0 || pList->nExpr!=2 ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  pCol = pList->a[1].pExpr;
-  if( pCol->op!=TK_COLUMN || !IsVirtual(pCol->pTab) ){
-    return 0;
-  }
-  for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aOp); i++){
-    if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, aOp[i].zOp)==0 ){
-      *peOp2 = aOp[i].eOp2;
-      return 1;
+    pList = pExpr->x.pList;
+    if( pList==0 || pList->nExpr!=2 ){
+      return 0;
     }
+    pCol = pList->a[1].pExpr;
+    if( pCol->op!=TK_COLUMN || !IsVirtual(pCol->pTab) ){
+      return 0;
+    }
+    for(i=0; i<ArraySize(aOp); i++){
+      if( sqlite3StrICmp(pExpr->u.zToken, aOp[i].zOp)==0 ){
+        *peOp2 = aOp[i].eOp2;
+        *ppRight = pList->a[0].pExpr;
+        *ppLeft = pCol;
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+  }else if( pExpr->op==TK_NE || pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT || pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL ){
+    int res = 0;
+    Expr *pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
+    Expr *pRight = pExpr->pRight;
+    if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pLeft->pTab) ){
+      res++;
+    }
+    if( pRight && pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && IsVirtual(pRight->pTab) ){
+      res++;
+      SWAP(Expr*, pLeft, pRight);
+    }
+    *ppLeft = pLeft;
+    *ppRight = pRight;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_NE ) *peOp2 = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_ISNOT ) *peOp2 = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT;
+    if( pExpr->op==TK_NOTNULL ) *peOp2 = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL;
+    return res;
   }
   return 0;
 }
@@ -129495,8 +131844,8 @@
    && (eOp & (WO_EQ|WO_GT|WO_GE))!=eOp ) return;
   assert( pOne->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pOne->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
   assert( pTwo->pExpr->pLeft!=0 && pTwo->pExpr->pRight!=0 );
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pLeft, pTwo->pExpr->pLeft, -1) ) return;
-  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOne->pExpr->pRight, pTwo->pExpr->pRight, -1) )return;
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pOne->pExpr->pLeft, pTwo->pExpr->pLeft, -1) ) return;
+  if( sqlite3ExprCompare(0,pOne->pExpr->pRight, pTwo->pExpr->pRight,-1) )return;
   /* If we reach this point, it means the two subterms can be combined */
   if( (eOp & (eOp-1))!=0 ){
     if( eOp & (WO_LT|WO_LE) ){
@@ -129667,7 +132016,7 @@
           for(j=0, pAndTerm=pAndWC->a; j<pAndWC->nTerm; j++, pAndTerm++){
             assert( pAndTerm->pExpr );
             if( allowedOp(pAndTerm->pExpr->op) 
-             || pAndTerm->eOperator==WO_MATCH 
+             || pAndTerm->eOperator==WO_AUX
             ){
               b |= sqlite3WhereGetMask(&pWInfo->sMaskSet, pAndTerm->leftCursor);
             }
@@ -129869,7 +132218,6 @@
 static int termIsEquivalence(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
   char aff1, aff2;
   CollSeq *pColl;
-  const char *zColl1, *zColl2;
   if( !OptimizationEnabled(pParse->db, SQLITE_Transitive) ) return 0;
   if( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ && pExpr->op!=TK_IS ) return 0;
   if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ) return 0;
@@ -129882,11 +132230,7 @@
   }
   pColl = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
   if( pColl==0 || sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, "BINARY")==0 ) return 1;
-  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pLeft);
-  zColl1 = pColl ? pColl->zName : 0;
-  pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pExpr->pRight);
-  zColl2 = pColl ? pColl->zName : 0;
-  return sqlite3_stricmp(zColl1, zColl2)==0;
+  return sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pParse, pExpr->pLeft, pExpr->pRight);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -130015,7 +132359,7 @@
   int op;                          /* Top-level operator.  pExpr->op */
   Parse *pParse = pWInfo->pParse;  /* Parsing context */
   sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;        /* Database connection */
-  unsigned char eOp2;              /* op2 value for LIKE/REGEXP/GLOB */
+  unsigned char eOp2 = 0;          /* op2 value for LIKE/REGEXP/GLOB */
   int nLeft;                       /* Number of elements on left side vector */
 
   if( db->mallocFailed ){
@@ -130040,7 +132384,9 @@
   }else{
     pTerm->prereqRight = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr->pRight);
   }
+  pMaskSet->bVarSelect = 0;
   prereqAll = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pExpr);
+  if( pMaskSet->bVarSelect ) pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_VARSELECT;
   if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) ){
     Bitmask x = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pExpr->iRightJoinTable);
     prereqAll |= x;
@@ -130247,38 +132593,46 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LIKE_OPTIMIZATION */
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
-  /* Add a WO_MATCH auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
-  ** current expression is of the form:  column MATCH expr.
+  /* Add a WO_AUX auxiliary term to the constraint set if the
+  ** current expression is of the form "column OP expr" where OP
+  ** is an operator that gets passed into virtual tables but which is
+  ** not normally optimized for ordinary tables.  In other words, OP
+  ** is one of MATCH, LIKE, GLOB, REGEXP, !=, IS, IS NOT, or NOT NULL.
   ** This information is used by the xBestIndex methods of
   ** virtual tables.  The native query optimizer does not attempt
   ** to do anything with MATCH functions.
   */
-  if( pWC->op==TK_AND && isMatchOfColumn(pExpr, &eOp2) ){
-    int idxNew;
-    Expr *pRight, *pLeft;
-    WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
-    Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;
+  if( pWC->op==TK_AND ){
+    Expr *pRight = 0, *pLeft = 0;
+    int res = isAuxiliaryVtabOperator(pExpr, &eOp2, &pLeft, &pRight);
+    while( res-- > 0 ){
+      int idxNew;
+      WhereTerm *pNewTerm;
+      Bitmask prereqColumn, prereqExpr;
 
-    pRight = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;
-    pLeft = pExpr->x.pList->a[1].pExpr;
-    prereqExpr = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
-    prereqColumn = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
-    if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
-      Expr *pNewExpr;
-      pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
-                              0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0));
-      idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
-      testcase( idxNew==0 );
-      pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
-      pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
-      pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
-      pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
-      pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_MATCH;
-      pNewTerm->eMatchOp = eOp2;
-      markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
-      pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
-      pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
-      pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
+      prereqExpr = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pRight);
+      prereqColumn = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, pLeft);
+      if( (prereqExpr & prereqColumn)==0 ){
+        Expr *pNewExpr;
+        pNewExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_MATCH, 
+            0, sqlite3ExprDup(db, pRight, 0));
+        if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) && pNewExpr ){
+          ExprSetProperty(pNewExpr, EP_FromJoin);
+        }
+        idxNew = whereClauseInsert(pWC, pNewExpr, TERM_VIRTUAL|TERM_DYNAMIC);
+        testcase( idxNew==0 );
+        pNewTerm = &pWC->a[idxNew];
+        pNewTerm->prereqRight = prereqExpr;
+        pNewTerm->leftCursor = pLeft->iTable;
+        pNewTerm->u.leftColumn = pLeft->iColumn;
+        pNewTerm->eOperator = WO_AUX;
+        pNewTerm->eMatchOp = eOp2;
+        markTermAsChild(pWC, idxNew, idxTerm);
+        pTerm = &pWC->a[idxTerm];
+        pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_COPIED;
+        pNewTerm->prereqAll = pTerm->prereqAll;
+      }
+      SWAP(Expr*, pLeft, pRight);
     }
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
@@ -130468,9 +132822,12 @@
   }
   mask = (p->op==TK_IF_NULL_ROW) ? sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, p->iTable) : 0;
   assert( !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_TokenOnly) );
-  if( p->pRight ) mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
   if( p->pLeft ) mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pLeft);
-  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+  if( p->pRight ){
+    mask |= sqlite3WhereExprUsage(pMaskSet, p->pRight);
+    assert( p->x.pList==0 );
+  }else if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
+    if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_VarSelect) ) pMaskSet->bVarSelect = 1;
     mask |= exprSelectUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pSelect);
   }else if( p->x.pList ){
     mask |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, p->x.pList);
@@ -130570,6 +132927,21 @@
 /* #include "sqliteInt.h" */
 /* #include "whereInt.h" */
 
+/*
+** Extra information appended to the end of sqlite3_index_info but not
+** visible to the xBestIndex function, at least not directly.  The
+** sqlite3_vtab_collation() interface knows how to reach it, however.
+**
+** This object is not an API and can be changed from one release to the
+** next.  As long as allocateIndexInfo() and sqlite3_vtab_collation()
+** agree on the structure, all will be well.
+*/
+typedef struct HiddenIndexInfo HiddenIndexInfo;
+struct HiddenIndexInfo {
+  WhereClause *pWC;   /* The Where clause being analyzed */
+  Parse *pParse;      /* The parsing context */
+};
+
 /* Forward declaration of methods */
 static int whereLoopResize(sqlite3*, WhereLoop*, int);
 
@@ -130954,8 +133326,8 @@
      && p->iColumn==pIdx->aiColumn[iCol]
      && p->iTable==iBase
     ){
-      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr);
-      if( pColl && 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl) ){
+      CollSeq *pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr);
+      if( 0==sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, zColl) ){
         return i;
       }
     }
@@ -131159,6 +133531,15 @@
   char aff;
   if( pTerm->leftCursor!=pSrc->iCursor ) return 0;
   if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))==0 ) return 0;
+  if( (pSrc->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT) 
+   && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+   && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS)
+  ){
+    /* Cannot use an IS term from the WHERE clause as an index driver for
+    ** the RHS of a LEFT JOIN. Such a term can only be used if it is from
+    ** the ON clause.  */
+    return 0;
+  }
   if( (pTerm->prereqRight & notReady)!=0 ) return 0;
   if( pTerm->u.leftColumn<0 ) return 0;
   aff = pSrc->pTab->aCol[pTerm->u.leftColumn].affinity;
@@ -131383,11 +133764,11 @@
 ** by passing the pointer returned by this function to sqlite3_free().
 */
 static sqlite3_index_info *allocateIndexInfo(
-  Parse *pParse,
-  WhereClause *pWC,
+  Parse *pParse,                  /* The parsing context */
+  WhereClause *pWC,               /* The WHERE clause being analyzed */
   Bitmask mUnusable,              /* Ignore terms with these prereqs */
-  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,
-  ExprList *pOrderBy,
+  struct SrcList_item *pSrc,      /* The FROM clause term that is the vtab */
+  ExprList *pOrderBy,             /* The ORDER BY clause */
   u16 *pmNoOmit                   /* Mask of terms not to omit */
 ){
   int i, j;
@@ -131395,6 +133776,7 @@
   struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pIdxCons;
   struct sqlite3_index_orderby *pIdxOrderBy;
   struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage *pUsage;
+  struct HiddenIndexInfo *pHidden;
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
   int nOrderBy;
   sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo;
@@ -131410,7 +133792,7 @@
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
-    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
+    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
     assert( pTerm->u.leftColumn>=(-1) );
     nTerm++;
@@ -131436,7 +133818,7 @@
   */
   pIdxInfo = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*pIdxInfo)
                            + (sizeof(*pIdxCons) + sizeof(*pUsage))*nTerm
-                           + sizeof(*pIdxOrderBy)*nOrderBy );
+                           + sizeof(*pIdxOrderBy)*nOrderBy + sizeof(*pHidden) );
   if( pIdxInfo==0 ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "out of memory");
     return 0;
@@ -131447,7 +133829,8 @@
   ** changing them.  We have to do some funky casting in order to
   ** initialize those fields.
   */
-  pIdxCons = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint*)&pIdxInfo[1];
+  pHidden = (struct HiddenIndexInfo*)&pIdxInfo[1];
+  pIdxCons = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint*)&pHidden[1];
   pIdxOrderBy = (struct sqlite3_index_orderby*)&pIdxCons[nTerm];
   pUsage = (struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage*)&pIdxOrderBy[nOrderBy];
   *(int*)&pIdxInfo->nConstraint = nTerm;
@@ -131457,8 +133840,10 @@
   *(struct sqlite3_index_constraint_usage**)&pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage =
                                                                    pUsage;
 
+  pHidden->pWC = pWC;
+  pHidden->pParse = pParse;
   for(i=j=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
-    u8 op;
+    u16 op;
     if( pTerm->leftCursor != pSrc->iCursor ) continue;
     if( pTerm->prereqRight & mUnusable ) continue;
     assert( IsPowerOfTwo(pTerm->eOperator & ~WO_EQUIV) );
@@ -131466,34 +133851,40 @@
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL );
     testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL );
-    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_ISNULL|WO_EQUIV|WO_IS))==0 ) continue;
+    if( (pTerm->eOperator & ~(WO_EQUIV))==0 ) continue;
     if( pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL ) continue;
     assert( pTerm->u.leftColumn>=(-1) );
     pIdxCons[j].iColumn = pTerm->u.leftColumn;
     pIdxCons[j].iTermOffset = i;
-    op = (u8)pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL;
+    op = pTerm->eOperator & WO_ALL;
     if( op==WO_IN ) op = WO_EQ;
-    if( op==WO_MATCH ){
-      op = pTerm->eMatchOp;
-    }
-    pIdxCons[j].op = op;
-    /* The direct assignment in the previous line is possible only because
-    ** the WO_ and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ codes are identical.  The
-    ** following asserts verify this fact. */
-    assert( WO_EQ==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ );
-    assert( WO_LT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT );
-    assert( WO_LE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE );
-    assert( WO_GT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT );
-    assert( WO_GE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE );
-    assert( WO_MATCH==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH );
-    assert( pTerm->eOperator & (WO_IN|WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_MATCH) );
+    if( op==WO_AUX ){
+      pIdxCons[j].op = pTerm->eMatchOp;
+    }else if( op & (WO_ISNULL|WO_IS) ){
+      if( op==WO_ISNULL ){
+        pIdxCons[j].op = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL;
+      }else{
+        pIdxCons[j].op = SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS;
+      }
+    }else{
+      pIdxCons[j].op = (u8)op;
+      /* The direct assignment in the previous line is possible only because
+      ** the WO_ and SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ codes are identical.  The
+      ** following asserts verify this fact. */
+      assert( WO_EQ==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ );
+      assert( WO_LT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT );
+      assert( WO_LE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE );
+      assert( WO_GT==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT );
+      assert( WO_GE==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE );
+      assert( pTerm->eOperator&(WO_IN|WO_EQ|WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE|WO_AUX) );
 
-    if( op & (WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE)
-     && sqlite3ExprIsVector(pTerm->pExpr->pRight) 
-    ){
-      if( i<16 ) mNoOmit |= (1 << i);
-      if( op==WO_LT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_LE;
-      if( op==WO_GT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_GE;
+      if( op & (WO_LT|WO_LE|WO_GT|WO_GE)
+       && sqlite3ExprIsVector(pTerm->pExpr->pRight) 
+      ){
+        if( i<16 ) mNoOmit |= (1 << i);
+        if( op==WO_LT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_LE;
+        if( op==WO_GT ) pIdxCons[j].op = WO_GE;
+      }
     }
 
     j++;
@@ -131743,7 +134134,7 @@
       iGap = iGap/3;
     }
     aStat[0] = iLower + iGap;
-    aStat[1] = pIdx->aAvgEq[iCol];
+    aStat[1] = pIdx->aAvgEq[nField-1];
   }
 
   /* Restore the pRec->nField value before returning.  */
@@ -132399,40 +134790,40 @@
 ** Free a WhereInfo structure
 */
 static void whereInfoFree(sqlite3 *db, WhereInfo *pWInfo){
-  if( ALWAYS(pWInfo) ){
-    int i;
-    for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
-      WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
-      if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE) ){
-        sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
-      }
+  int i;
+  assert( pWInfo!=0 );
+  for(i=0; i<pWInfo->nLevel; i++){
+    WhereLevel *pLevel = &pWInfo->a[i];
+    if( pLevel->pWLoop && (pLevel->pWLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_IN_ABLE) ){
+      sqlite3DbFree(db, pLevel->u.in.aInLoop);
     }
-    sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
-    while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
-      WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
-      pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
-      whereLoopDelete(db, p);
-    }
-    sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pWInfo);
   }
+  sqlite3WhereClauseClear(&pWInfo->sWC);
+  while( pWInfo->pLoops ){
+    WhereLoop *p = pWInfo->pLoops;
+    pWInfo->pLoops = p->pNextLoop;
+    whereLoopDelete(db, p);
+  }
+  sqlite3DbFreeNN(db, pWInfo);
 }
 
 /*
 ** Return TRUE if all of the following are true:
 **
 **   (1)  X has the same or lower cost that Y
-**   (2)  X is a proper subset of Y
-**   (3)  X skips at least as many columns as Y
+**   (2)  X uses fewer WHERE clause terms than Y
+**   (3)  Every WHERE clause term used by X is also used by Y
+**   (4)  X skips at least as many columns as Y
+**   (5)  If X is a covering index, than Y is too
 **
-** By "proper subset" we mean that X uses fewer WHERE clause terms
-** than Y and that every WHERE clause term used by X is also used
-** by Y.
-**
+** Conditions (2) and (3) mean that X is a "proper subset" of Y.
 ** If X is a proper subset of Y then Y is a better choice and ought
 ** to have a lower cost.  This routine returns TRUE when that cost 
-** relationship is inverted and needs to be adjusted.  The third rule
+** relationship is inverted and needs to be adjusted.  Constraint (4)
 ** was added because if X uses skip-scan less than Y it still might
-** deserve a lower cost even if it is a proper subset of Y.
+** deserve a lower cost even if it is a proper subset of Y.  Constraint (5)
+** was added because a covering index probably deserves to have a lower cost
+** than a non-covering index even if it is a proper subset.
 */
 static int whereLoopCheaperProperSubset(
   const WhereLoop *pX,       /* First WhereLoop to compare */
@@ -132454,6 +134845,10 @@
     }
     if( j<0 ) return 0;  /* X not a subset of Y since term X[i] not used by Y */
   }
+  if( (pX->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)!=0 
+   && (pY->wsFlags&WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
+    return 0;  /* Constraint (5) */
+  }
   return 1;  /* All conditions meet */
 }
 
@@ -132496,16 +134891,17 @@
 
 /*
 ** Search the list of WhereLoops in *ppPrev looking for one that can be
-** supplanted by pTemplate.
+** replaced by pTemplate.
 **
-** Return NULL if the WhereLoop list contains an entry that can supplant
-** pTemplate, in other words if pTemplate does not belong on the list.
+** Return NULL if pTemplate does not belong on the WhereLoop list.
+** In other words if pTemplate ought to be dropped from further consideration.
 **
-** If pX is a WhereLoop that pTemplate can supplant, then return the
+** If pX is a WhereLoop that pTemplate can replace, then return the
 ** link that points to pX.
 **
-** If pTemplate cannot supplant any existing element of the list but needs
-** to be added to the list, then return a pointer to the tail of the list.
+** If pTemplate cannot replace any existing element of the list but needs
+** to be added to the list as a new entry, then return a pointer to the
+** tail of the list.
 */
 static WhereLoop **whereLoopFindLesser(
   WhereLoop **ppPrev,
@@ -132650,8 +135046,10 @@
     if( p!=0 ){
       sqlite3DebugPrintf("replace: ");
       whereLoopPrint(p, pBuilder->pWC);
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf("   with: ");
+    }else{
+      sqlite3DebugPrintf("    add: ");
     }
-    sqlite3DebugPrintf("    add: ");
     whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
   }
 #endif
@@ -132989,7 +135387,7 @@
       pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_COLUMN_EQ;
       assert( saved_nEq==pNew->u.btree.nEq );
       if( iCol==XN_ROWID 
-       || (iCol>0 && nInMul==0 && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1)
+       || (iCol>=0 && nInMul==0 && saved_nEq==pProbe->nKeyCol-1)
       ){
         if( iCol>=0 && pProbe->uniqNotNull==0 ){
           pNew->wsFlags |= WHERE_UNQ_WANTED;
@@ -133202,7 +135600,7 @@
     }else if( (aColExpr = pIndex->aColExpr)!=0 ){
       for(jj=0; jj<pIndex->nKeyCol; jj++){
         if( pIndex->aiColumn[jj]!=XN_EXPR ) continue;
-        if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pExpr,aColExpr->a[jj].pExpr,iCursor)==0 ){
+        if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pExpr,aColExpr->a[jj].pExpr,iCursor)==0 ){
           return 1;
         }
       }
@@ -133235,14 +135633,16 @@
 static int whereUsablePartialIndex(int iTab, WhereClause *pWC, Expr *pWhere){
   int i;
   WhereTerm *pTerm;
+  Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;
   while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
     if( !whereUsablePartialIndex(iTab,pWC,pWhere->pLeft) ) return 0;
     pWhere = pWhere->pRight;
   }
+  if( pParse->db->flags & SQLITE_EnableQPSG ) pParse = 0;
   for(i=0, pTerm=pWC->a; i<pWC->nTerm; i++, pTerm++){
     Expr *pExpr = pTerm->pExpr;
-    if( sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pExpr, pWhere, iTab) 
-     && (!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) || pExpr->iRightJoinTable==iTab)
+    if( (!ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_FromJoin) || pExpr->iRightJoinTable==iTab)
+     && sqlite3ExprImpliesExpr(pParse, pExpr, pWhere, iTab) 
     ){
       return 1;
     }
@@ -133396,14 +135796,17 @@
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOMATIC_INDEX */
 
-  /* Loop over all indices
-  */
-  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe; pProbe=pProbe->pNext, iSortIdx++){
+  /* Loop over all indices. If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only 
+  ** consider index pProbe.  */
+  for(; rc==SQLITE_OK && pProbe; 
+      pProbe=(pSrc->pIBIndex ? 0 : pProbe->pNext), iSortIdx++
+  ){
     if( pProbe->pPartIdxWhere!=0
      && !whereUsablePartialIndex(pSrc->iCursor, pWC, pProbe->pPartIdxWhere) ){
       testcase( pNew->iTab!=pSrc->iCursor );  /* See ticket [98d973b8f5] */
       continue;  /* Partial index inappropriate for this query */
     }
+    if( pProbe->bNoQuery ) continue;
     rSize = pProbe->aiRowLogEst[0];
     pNew->u.btree.nEq = 0;
     pNew->u.btree.nBtm = 0;
@@ -133508,10 +135911,6 @@
     pBuilder->nRecValid = 0;
     pBuilder->pRec = 0;
 #endif
-
-    /* If there was an INDEXED BY clause, then only that one index is
-    ** considered. */
-    if( pSrc->pIBIndex ) break;
   }
   return rc;
 }
@@ -133666,6 +136065,27 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** If this function is invoked from within an xBestIndex() callback, it
+** returns a pointer to a buffer containing the name of the collation
+** sequence associated with element iCons of the sqlite3_index_info.aConstraint
+** array. Or, if iCons is out of range or there is no active xBestIndex
+** call, return NULL.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo, int iCons){
+  HiddenIndexInfo *pHidden = (HiddenIndexInfo*)&pIdxInfo[1];
+  const char *zRet = 0;
+  if( iCons>=0 && iCons<pIdxInfo->nConstraint ){
+    CollSeq *pC = 0;
+    int iTerm = pIdxInfo->aConstraint[iCons].iTermOffset;
+    Expr *pX = pHidden->pWC->a[iTerm].pExpr;
+    if( pX->pLeft ){
+      pC = sqlite3BinaryCompareCollSeq(pHidden->pParse, pX->pLeft, pX->pRight);
+    }
+    zRet = (pC ? pC->zName : "BINARY");
+  }
+  return zRet;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Add all WhereLoop objects for a table of the join identified by
@@ -134110,14 +136530,10 @@
         if( j>=pLoop->nLTerm ) continue;
       }
       if( (pTerm->eOperator&(WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0 && pOBExpr->iColumn>=0 ){
-        const char *z1, *z2;
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
-        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-        z1 = pColl->zName;
-        pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pTerm->pExpr);
-        if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
-        z2 = pColl->zName;
-        if( sqlite3StrICmp(z1, z2)!=0 ) continue;
+        if( sqlite3ExprCollSeqMatch(pWInfo->pParse, 
+                  pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr, pTerm->pExpr)==0 ){
+          continue;
+        }
         testcase( pTerm->pExpr->op==TK_IS );
       }
       obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
@@ -134189,7 +136605,7 @@
         if( pIndex ){
           iColumn = pIndex->aiColumn[j];
           revIdx = pIndex->aSortOrder[j];
-          if( iColumn==pIndex->pTable->iPKey ) iColumn = -1;
+          if( iColumn==pIndex->pTable->iPKey ) iColumn = XN_ROWID;
         }else{
           iColumn = XN_ROWID;
           revIdx = 0;
@@ -134216,18 +136632,18 @@
           testcase( wctrlFlags & WHERE_GROUPBY );
           testcase( wctrlFlags & WHERE_DISTINCTBY );
           if( (wctrlFlags & (WHERE_GROUPBY|WHERE_DISTINCTBY))==0 ) bOnce = 0;
-          if( iColumn>=(-1) ){
+          if( iColumn>=XN_ROWID ){
             if( pOBExpr->op!=TK_COLUMN ) continue;
             if( pOBExpr->iTable!=iCur ) continue;
             if( pOBExpr->iColumn!=iColumn ) continue;
           }else{
-            if( sqlite3ExprCompare(pOBExpr,pIndex->aColExpr->a[j].pExpr,iCur) ){
+            Expr *pIdxExpr = pIndex->aColExpr->a[j].pExpr;
+            if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pOBExpr, pIdxExpr, iCur) ){
               continue;
             }
           }
-          if( iColumn>=0 ){
-            pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
-            if( !pColl ) pColl = db->pDfltColl;
+          if( iColumn!=XN_ROWID ){
+            pColl = sqlite3ExprNNCollSeq(pWInfo->pParse, pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr);
             if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pIndex->azColl[j])!=0 ) continue;
           }
           pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol = j+1;
@@ -134520,6 +136936,7 @@
                rUnsorted, rCost));
         }else{
           rCost = rUnsorted;
+          rUnsorted -= 2;  /* TUNING:  Slight bias in favor of no-sort plans */
         }
 
         /* Check to see if pWLoop should be added to the set of
@@ -134551,8 +136968,8 @@
             ** this candidate as not viable. */
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
             if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
-              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
-                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+              sqlite3DebugPrintf("Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
+                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                   isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
             }
 #endif
@@ -134570,26 +136987,36 @@
           pTo = &aTo[jj];
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
           if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
-            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
-                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+            sqlite3DebugPrintf("New    %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
+                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                 isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
           }
 #endif
         }else{
           /* Control reaches here if best-so-far path pTo=aTo[jj] covers the
-          ** same set of loops and has the sam isOrdered setting as the
+          ** same set of loops and has the same isOrdered setting as the
           ** candidate path.  Check to see if the candidate should replace
-          ** pTo or if the candidate should be skipped */
-          if( pTo->rCost<rCost || (pTo->rCost==rCost && pTo->nRow<=nOut) ){
+          ** pTo or if the candidate should be skipped.
+          ** 
+          ** The conditional is an expanded vector comparison equivalent to:
+          **   (pTo->rCost,pTo->nRow,pTo->rUnsorted) <= (rCost,nOut,rUnsorted)
+          */
+          if( pTo->rCost<rCost 
+           || (pTo->rCost==rCost
+               && (pTo->nRow<nOut
+                   || (pTo->nRow==nOut && pTo->rUnsorted<=rUnsorted)
+                  )
+              )
+          ){
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
             if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
               sqlite3DebugPrintf(
-                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
-                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+                  "Skip   %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c",
+                  wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                   isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
-              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d,%d order=%c\n",
+              sqlite3DebugPrintf("   vs %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                   wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
-                  pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
+                  pTo->rUnsorted, pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
             }
 #endif
             /* Discard the candidate path from further consideration */
@@ -134602,12 +137029,12 @@
 #ifdef WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x4 */
           if( sqlite3WhereTrace&0x4 ){
             sqlite3DebugPrintf(
-                "Update %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c",
-                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut,
+                "Update %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c",
+                wherePathName(pFrom, iLoop, pWLoop), rCost, nOut, rUnsorted,
                 isOrdered>=0 ? isOrdered+'0' : '?');
-            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d,%3d order=%c\n",
+            sqlite3DebugPrintf("  was %s cost=%-3d,%3d,%3d order=%c\n",
                 wherePathName(pTo, iLoop+1, 0), pTo->rCost, pTo->nRow,
-                pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
+                pTo->rUnsorted, pTo->isOrdered>=0 ? pTo->isOrdered+'0' : '?');
           }
 #endif
         }
@@ -134833,6 +137260,32 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Helper function for exprIsDeterministic().
+*/
+static int exprNodeIsDeterministic(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
+  if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_ConstFunc)==0 ){
+    pWalker->eCode = 0;
+    return WRC_Abort;
+  }
+  return WRC_Continue;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return true if the expression contains no non-deterministic SQL 
+** functions. Do not consider non-deterministic SQL functions that are 
+** part of sub-select statements.
+*/
+static int exprIsDeterministic(Expr *p){
+  Walker w;
+  memset(&w, 0, sizeof(w));
+  w.eCode = 1;
+  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsDeterministic;
+  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
+  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
+  return w.eCode;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Generate the beginning of the loop used for WHERE clause processing.
 ** The return value is a pointer to an opaque structure that contains
 ** information needed to terminate the loop.  Later, the calling routine
@@ -135030,17 +137483,6 @@
   sqlite3WhereClauseInit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWInfo);
   sqlite3WhereSplit(&pWInfo->sWC, pWhere, TK_AND);
     
-  /* Special case: a WHERE clause that is constant.  Evaluate the
-  ** expression and either jump over all of the code or fall thru.
-  */
-  for(ii=0; ii<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; ii++){
-    if( nTabList==0 || sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr) ){
-      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, sWLB.pWC->a[ii].pExpr, pWInfo->iBreak,
-                         SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
-      sWLB.pWC->a[ii].wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
-    }
-  }
-
   /* Special case: No FROM clause
   */
   if( nTabList==0 ){
@@ -135048,37 +137490,61 @@
     if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
       pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
     }
+  }else{
+    /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
+    **
+    ** The N-th term of the FROM clause is assigned a bitmask of 1<<N.
+    **
+    ** The rule of the previous sentence ensures thta if X is the bitmask for
+    ** a table T, then X-1 is the bitmask for all other tables to the left of T.
+    ** Knowing the bitmask for all tables to the left of a left join is
+    ** important.  Ticket #3015.
+    **
+    ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
+    ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
+    ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
+    ** WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE flag is set.
+    */
+    ii = 0;
+    do{
+      createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
+      sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(pParse, &pTabList->a[ii], &pWInfo->sWC);
+    }while( (++ii)<pTabList->nSrc );
+  #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+    {
+      Bitmask mx = 0;
+      for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
+        Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
+        assert( m>=mx );
+        mx = m;
+      }
+    }
+  #endif
   }
-
-  /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
-  **
-  ** The N-th term of the FROM clause is assigned a bitmask of 1<<N.
-  **
-  ** The rule of the previous sentence ensures thta if X is the bitmask for
-  ** a table T, then X-1 is the bitmask for all other tables to the left of T.
-  ** Knowing the bitmask for all tables to the left of a left join is
-  ** important.  Ticket #3015.
-  **
-  ** Note that bitmasks are created for all pTabList->nSrc tables in
-  ** pTabList, not just the first nTabList tables.  nTabList is normally
-  ** equal to pTabList->nSrc but might be shortened to 1 if the
-  ** WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE flag is set.
-  */
-  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
-    createMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
-    sqlite3WhereTabFuncArgs(pParse, &pTabList->a[ii], &pWInfo->sWC);
-  }
-#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
-  for(ii=0; ii<pTabList->nSrc; ii++){
-    Bitmask m = sqlite3WhereGetMask(pMaskSet, pTabList->a[ii].iCursor);
-    assert( m==MASKBIT(ii) );
-  }
-#endif
-
+  
   /* Analyze all of the subexpressions. */
   sqlite3WhereExprAnalyze(pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC);
   if( db->mallocFailed ) goto whereBeginError;
 
+  /* Special case: WHERE terms that do not refer to any tables in the join
+  ** (constant expressions). Evaluate each such term, and jump over all the
+  ** generated code if the result is not true.  
+  **
+  ** Do not do this if the expression contains non-deterministic functions
+  ** that are not within a sub-select. This is not strictly required, but
+  ** preserves SQLite's legacy behaviour in the following two cases:
+  **
+  **   FROM ... WHERE random()>0;           -- eval random() once per row
+  **   FROM ... WHERE (SELECT random())>0;  -- eval random() once overall
+  */
+  for(ii=0; ii<sWLB.pWC->nTerm; ii++){
+    WhereTerm *pT = &sWLB.pWC->a[ii];
+    if( pT->prereqAll==0 && (nTabList==0 || exprIsDeterministic(pT->pExpr)) ){
+      sqlite3ExprIfFalse(pParse, pT->pExpr, pWInfo->iBreak, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
+      pT->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
+    }
+  }
+
   if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT ){
     if( isDistinctRedundant(pParse, pTabList, &pWInfo->sWC, pResultSet) ){
       /* The DISTINCT marking is pointless.  Ignore it. */
@@ -135115,7 +137581,7 @@
       static const char zLabel[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxz"
                                              "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYXZ";
       for(p=pWInfo->pLoops, i=0; p; p=p->pNextLoop, i++){
-        p->cId = zLabel[i%sizeof(zLabel)];
+        p->cId = zLabel[i%(sizeof(zLabel)-1)];
         whereLoopPrint(p, sWLB.pWC);
       }
     }
@@ -135160,35 +137626,80 @@
     }
   }
 #endif
-  /* Attempt to omit tables from the join that do not effect the result */
+
+  /* Attempt to omit tables from the join that do not affect the result.
+  ** For a table to not affect the result, the following must be true:
+  **
+  **   1) The query must not be an aggregate.
+  **   2) The table must be the RHS of a LEFT JOIN.
+  **   3) Either the query must be DISTINCT, or else the ON or USING clause
+  **      must contain a constraint that limits the scan of the table to 
+  **      at most a single row.
+  **   4) The table must not be referenced by any part of the query apart
+  **      from its own USING or ON clause.
+  **
+  ** For example, given:
+  **
+  **     CREATE TABLE t1(ipk INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, v1);
+  **     CREATE TABLE t2(ipk INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, v2);
+  **     CREATE TABLE t3(ipk INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, v3);
+  **
+  ** then table t2 can be omitted from the following:
+  **
+  **     SELECT v1, v3 FROM t1 
+  **       LEFT JOIN t2 USING (t1.ipk=t2.ipk)
+  **       LEFT JOIN t3 USING (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
+  **
+  ** or from:
+  **
+  **     SELECT DISTINCT v1, v3 FROM t1 
+  **       LEFT JOIN t2
+  **       LEFT JOIN t3 USING (t1.ipk=t3.ipk)
+  */
+  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
   if( pWInfo->nLevel>=2
-   && pResultSet!=0
+   && pResultSet!=0               /* guarantees condition (1) above */
    && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_OmitNoopJoin)
   ){
+    int i;
     Bitmask tabUsed = sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, pResultSet);
     if( sWLB.pOrderBy ){
       tabUsed |= sqlite3WhereExprListUsage(pMaskSet, sWLB.pOrderBy);
     }
-    while( pWInfo->nLevel>=2 ){
+    for(i=pWInfo->nLevel-1; i>=1; i--){
       WhereTerm *pTerm, *pEnd;
-      pLoop = pWInfo->a[pWInfo->nLevel-1].pWLoop;
-      if( (pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab].fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) break;
+      struct SrcList_item *pItem;
+      pLoop = pWInfo->a[i].pWLoop;
+      pItem = &pWInfo->pTabList->a[pLoop->iTab];
+      if( (pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT)==0 ) continue;
       if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)==0
        && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)==0
       ){
-        break;
+        continue;
       }
-      if( (tabUsed & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ) break;
+      if( (tabUsed & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ) continue;
       pEnd = sWLB.pWC->a + sWLB.pWC->nTerm;
       for(pTerm=sWLB.pWC->a; pTerm<pEnd; pTerm++){
-        if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0
-         && !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
-        ){
-          break;
+        if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ){
+          if( !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin)
+           || pTerm->pExpr->iRightJoinTable!=pItem->iCursor
+          ){
+            break;
+          }
         }
       }
-      if( pTerm<pEnd ) break;
+      if( pTerm<pEnd ) continue;
       WHERETRACE(0xffff, ("-> drop loop %c not used\n", pLoop->cId));
+      notReady &= ~pLoop->maskSelf;
+      for(pTerm=sWLB.pWC->a; pTerm<pEnd; pTerm++){
+        if( (pTerm->prereqAll & pLoop->maskSelf)!=0 ){
+          pTerm->wtFlags |= TERM_CODED;
+        }
+      }
+      if( i!=pWInfo->nLevel-1 ){
+        int nByte = (pWInfo->nLevel-1-i) * sizeof(WhereLevel);
+        memmove(&pWInfo->a[i], &pWInfo->a[i+1], nByte);
+      }
       pWInfo->nLevel--;
       nTabList--;
     }
@@ -135198,15 +137709,32 @@
 
   /* If the caller is an UPDATE or DELETE statement that is requesting
   ** to use a one-pass algorithm, determine if this is appropriate.
+  **
+  ** A one-pass approach can be used if the caller has requested one
+  ** and either (a) the scan visits at most one row or (b) each
+  ** of the following are true:
+  **
+  **   * the caller has indicated that a one-pass approach can be used
+  **     with multiple rows (by setting WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW), and
+  **   * the table is not a virtual table, and
+  **   * either the scan does not use the OR optimization or the caller
+  **     is a DELETE operation (WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK is only specified
+  **     for DELETE).
+  **
+  ** The last qualification is because an UPDATE statement uses
+  ** WhereInfo.aiCurOnePass[1] to determine whether or not it really can
+  ** use a one-pass approach, and this is not set accurately for scans
+  ** that use the OR optimization.
   */
   assert( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 || pWInfo->nLevel==1 );
   if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)!=0 ){
     int wsFlags = pWInfo->a[0].pWLoop->wsFlags;
     int bOnerow = (wsFlags & WHERE_ONEROW)!=0;
-    if( bOnerow
-     || ((wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW)!=0
-           && 0==(wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE))
-    ){
+    if( bOnerow || (
+        0!=(wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW)
+     && 0==(wsFlags & WHERE_VIRTUALTABLE)
+     && (0==(wsFlags & WHERE_MULTI_OR) || (wctrlFlags & WHERE_DUPLICATES_OK))
+    )){
       pWInfo->eOnePass = bOnerow ? ONEPASS_SINGLE : ONEPASS_MULTI;
       if( HasRowid(pTabList->a[0].pTab) && (wsFlags & WHERE_IDX_ONLY) ){
         if( wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_MULTIROW ){
@@ -135278,7 +137806,7 @@
       Index *pIx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
       int iIndexCur;
       int op = OP_OpenRead;
-      /* iAuxArg is always set if to a positive value if ONEPASS is possible */
+      /* iAuxArg is always set to a positive value if ONEPASS is possible */
       assert( iAuxArg!=0 || (pWInfo->wctrlFlags & WHERE_ONEPASS_DESIRED)==0 );
       if( !HasRowid(pTab) && IsPrimaryKeyIndex(pIx)
        && (wctrlFlags & WHERE_OR_SUBCLAUSE)!=0
@@ -135343,7 +137871,6 @@
   ** loop below generates code for a single nested loop of the VM
   ** program.
   */
-  notReady = ~(Bitmask)0;
   for(ii=0; ii<nTabList; ii++){
     int addrExplain;
     int wsFlags;
@@ -135407,6 +137934,7 @@
       Index *pIdx;
       int n;
       if( pWInfo->eDistinct==WHERE_DISTINCT_ORDERED
+       && i==pWInfo->nLevel-1  /* Ticket [ef9318757b152e3] 2017-10-21 */
        && (pLoop->wsFlags & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0
        && (pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex)->hasStat1
        && (n = pLoop->u.btree.nIdxCol)>0
@@ -135473,7 +138001,8 @@
       addr = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_IfPos, pLevel->iLeftJoin); VdbeCoverage(v);
       assert( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 || (ws & WHERE_INDEXED)!=0 );
       if( (ws & WHERE_IDX_ONLY)==0 ){
-        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pTabList->a[i].iCursor);
+        assert( pLevel->iTabCur==pTabList->a[pLevel->iFrom].iCursor );
+        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_NullRow, pLevel->iTabCur);
       }
       if( (ws & WHERE_INDEXED) 
        || ((ws & WHERE_MULTI_OR) && pLevel->u.pCovidx) 
@@ -135542,7 +138071,11 @@
       pOp = sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, k);
       for(; k<last; k++, pOp++){
         if( pOp->p1!=pLevel->iTabCur ) continue;
-        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column ){
+        if( pOp->opcode==OP_Column
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_OFFSET_SQL_FUNC
+         || pOp->opcode==OP_Offset
+#endif
+        ){
           int x = pOp->p2;
           assert( pIdx->pTable==pTab );
           if( !HasRowid(pTab) ){
@@ -135642,15 +138175,6 @@
 #define YYMALLOCARGTYPE  u64
 
 /*
-** An instance of this structure holds information about the
-** LIMIT clause of a SELECT statement.
-*/
-struct LimitVal {
-  Expr *pLimit;    /* The LIMIT expression.  NULL if there is no limit */
-  Expr *pOffset;   /* The OFFSET expression.  NULL if there is none */
-};
-
-/*
 ** An instance of the following structure describes the event of a
 ** TRIGGER.  "a" is the event type, one of TK_UPDATE, TK_INSERT,
 ** TK_DELETE, or TK_INSTEAD.  If the event is of the form
@@ -135693,20 +138217,12 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /* This is a utility routine used to set the ExprSpan.zStart and
-  ** ExprSpan.zEnd values of pOut so that the span covers the complete
-  ** range of text beginning with pStart and going to the end of pEnd.
-  */
-  static void spanSet(ExprSpan *pOut, Token *pStart, Token *pEnd){
-    pOut->zStart = pStart->z;
-    pOut->zEnd = &pEnd->z[pEnd->n];
-  }
 
   /* Construct a new Expr object from a single identifier.  Use the
   ** new Expr to populate pOut.  Set the span of pOut to be the identifier
   ** that created the expression.
   */
-  static void spanExpr(ExprSpan *pOut, Parse *pParse, int op, Token t){
+  static Expr *tokenExpr(Parse *pParse, int op, Token t){
     Expr *p = sqlite3DbMallocRawNN(pParse->db, sizeof(Expr)+t.n+1);
     if( p ){
       memset(p, 0, sizeof(Expr));
@@ -135724,45 +138240,9 @@
       p->nHeight = 1;
 #endif  
     }
-    pOut->pExpr = p;
-    pOut->zStart = t.z;
-    pOut->zEnd = &t.z[t.n];
+    return p;
   }
 
-  /* This routine constructs a binary expression node out of two ExprSpan
-  ** objects and uses the result to populate a new ExprSpan object.
-  */
-  static void spanBinaryExpr(
-    Parse *pParse,      /* The parsing context.  Errors accumulate here */
-    int op,             /* The binary operation */
-    ExprSpan *pLeft,    /* The left operand, and output */
-    ExprSpan *pRight    /* The right operand */
-  ){
-    pLeft->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pLeft->pExpr, pRight->pExpr);
-    pLeft->zEnd = pRight->zEnd;
-  }
-
-  /* If doNot is true, then add a TK_NOT Expr-node wrapper around the
-  ** outside of *ppExpr.
-  */
-  static void exprNot(Parse *pParse, int doNot, ExprSpan *pSpan){
-    if( doNot ){
-      pSpan->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, pSpan->pExpr, 0);
-    }
-  }
-
-  /* Construct an expression node for a unary postfix operator
-  */
-  static void spanUnaryPostfix(
-    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
-    int op,                /* The operator */
-    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand, and output */
-    Token *pPostOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
-  ){
-    pOperand->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0);
-    pOperand->zEnd = &pPostOp->z[pPostOp->n];
-  }                           
-
   /* A routine to convert a binary TK_IS or TK_ISNOT expression into a
   ** unary TK_ISNULL or TK_NOTNULL expression. */
   static void binaryToUnaryIfNull(Parse *pParse, Expr *pY, Expr *pA, int op){
@@ -135774,20 +138254,6 @@
     }
   }
 
-  /* Construct an expression node for a unary prefix operator
-  */
-  static void spanUnaryPrefix(
-    ExprSpan *pOut,        /* Write the new expression node here */
-    Parse *pParse,         /* Parsing context to record errors */
-    int op,                /* The operator */
-    ExprSpan *pOperand,    /* The operand */
-    Token *pPreOp         /* The operand token for setting the span */
-  ){
-    pOut->zStart = pPreOp->z;
-    pOut->pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, op, pOperand->pExpr, 0);
-    pOut->zEnd = pOperand->zEnd;
-  }
-
   /* Add a single new term to an ExprList that is used to store a
   ** list of identifiers.  Report an error if the ID list contains
   ** a COLLATE clause or an ASC or DESC keyword, except ignore the
@@ -135856,38 +138322,39 @@
 **                       defined, then do no error processing.
 **    YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
 **    YYNRULE            the number of rules in the grammar
+**    YYNTOKEN           Number of terminal symbols
 **    YY_MAX_SHIFT       Maximum value for shift actions
 **    YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE Minimum value for shift-reduce actions
 **    YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE Maximum value for shift-reduce actions
-**    YY_MIN_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 **    YY_ERROR_ACTION    The yy_action[] code for syntax error
 **    YY_ACCEPT_ACTION   The yy_action[] code for accept
 **    YY_NO_ACTION       The yy_action[] code for no-op
+**    YY_MIN_REDUCE      Minimum value for reduce actions
+**    YY_MAX_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 */
 #ifndef INTERFACE
 # define INTERFACE 1
 #endif
 /************* Begin control #defines *****************************************/
 #define YYCODETYPE unsigned char
-#define YYNOCODE 252
+#define YYNOCODE 253
 #define YYACTIONTYPE unsigned short int
-#define YYWILDCARD 69
+#define YYWILDCARD 83
 #define sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE Token
 typedef union {
   int yyinit;
   sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yy0;
-  Expr* yy72;
-  TriggerStep* yy145;
-  ExprList* yy148;
-  SrcList* yy185;
-  ExprSpan yy190;
-  int yy194;
-  Select* yy243;
-  IdList* yy254;
-  With* yy285;
-  struct TrigEvent yy332;
-  struct LimitVal yy354;
-  struct {int value; int mask;} yy497;
+  int yy4;
+  struct TrigEvent yy90;
+  TriggerStep* yy203;
+  struct {int value; int mask;} yy215;
+  SrcList* yy259;
+  Expr* yy314;
+  ExprList* yy322;
+  const char* yy336;
+  IdList* yy384;
+  Select* yy387;
+  With* yy451;
 } YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define YYSTACKDEPTH 100
@@ -135897,16 +138364,17 @@
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH Parse *pParse = yypParser->pParse
 #define sqlite3ParserARG_STORE yypParser->pParse = pParse
 #define YYFALLBACK 1
-#define YYNSTATE             456
-#define YYNRULE              332
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         455
-#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   668
-#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   999
-#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1000
-#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1331
-#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1332
-#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1333
-#define YY_NO_ACTION         1334
+#define YYNSTATE             466
+#define YYNRULE              330
+#define YYNTOKEN             143
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFT         465
+#define YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   675
+#define YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   1004
+#define YY_ERROR_ACTION      1005
+#define YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     1006
+#define YY_NO_ACTION         1007
+#define YY_MIN_REDUCE        1008
+#define YY_MAX_REDUCE        1337
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 
 /* Define the yytestcase() macro to be a no-op if is not already defined
@@ -135936,9 +138404,6 @@
 **   N between YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE       Shift to an arbitrary state then
 **     and YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE           reduce by rule N-YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE.
 **
-**   N between YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-YY_MIN_REDUCE
-**     and YY_MAX_REDUCE
-**
 **   N == YY_ERROR_ACTION               A syntax error has occurred.
 **
 **   N == YY_ACCEPT_ACTION              The parser accepts its input.
@@ -135946,25 +138411,22 @@
 **   N == YY_NO_ACTION                  No such action.  Denotes unused
 **                                      slots in the yy_action[] table.
 **
+**   N between YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-YY_MIN_REDUCE
+**     and YY_MAX_REDUCE
+**
 ** The action table is constructed as a single large table named yy_action[].
 ** Given state S and lookahead X, the action is computed as either:
 **
 **    (A)   N = yy_action[ yy_shift_ofst[S] + X ]
 **    (B)   N = yy_default[S]
 **
-** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if:
-**    (1)  The yy_shift_ofst[S]+X value is out of range, or
-**    (2)  yy_lookahead[yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X, or
-**    (3)  yy_shift_ofst[S] equal YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
-** (Implementation note: YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT is chosen so that
-** YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT+X will be out of range for all possible lookaheads X.
-** Hence only tests (1) and (2) need to be evaluated.)
+** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if
+** yy_lookahead[yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X.
 **
 ** The formulas above are for computing the action when the lookahead is
 ** a terminal symbol.  If the lookahead is a non-terminal (as occurs after
 ** a reduce action) then the yy_reduce_ofst[] array is used in place of
-** the yy_shift_ofst[] array and YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT is used in place of
-** YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
+** the yy_shift_ofst[] array.
 **
 ** The following are the tables generated in this section:
 **
@@ -135978,463 +138440,474 @@
 **  yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
 **
 *********** Begin parsing tables **********************************************/
-#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (1566)
+#define YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (1541)
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   325,  411,  343,  752,  752,  203,  946,  354,  976,   98,
- /*    10 */    98,   98,   98,   91,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,
- /*    20 */    94,   94,   94,   93,  351, 1333,  155,  155,    2,  813,
- /*    30 */   978,  978,   98,   98,   98,   98,   20,   96,   96,   96,
- /*    40 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,   92,   89,
- /*    50 */   178,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*    60 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  351,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*    70 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  340,  976,  262,
- /*    80 */   365,  251,  212,  169,  287,  405,  282,  404,  199,  791,
- /*    90 */   242,  412,   21,  957,  379,  280,   93,  351,  792,   95,
- /*   100 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  978,  978,   96,   96,
- /*   110 */    96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  813,
- /*   120 */   329,  242,  412,  913,  832,  913,  132,   99,  100,   90,
- /*   130 */   853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,
- /*   140 */   450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,
- /*   150 */    93,  351,  325,  825,  349,  348,  120,  819,  120,   75,
- /*   160 */    52,   52,  957,  958,  959,  760,  984,  146,  361,  262,
- /*   170 */   370,  261,  957,  982,  961,  983,   92,   89,  178,  371,
- /*   180 */   230,  371,  978,  978,  817,  361,  360,  101,  824,  824,
- /*   190 */   826,  384,   24,  964,  381,  428,  413,  369,  985,  380,
- /*   200 */   985,  708,  325,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,
- /*   210 */    97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  373,   96,   96,   96,
- /*   220 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  957,  132,
- /*   230 */   897,  450,  978,  978,  896,   60,   94,   94,   94,   93,
- /*   240 */   351,  957,  958,  959,  961,  103,  361,  957,  385,  334,
- /*   250 */   702,   52,   52,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,
- /*   260 */    97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  698,   96,   96,   96,
- /*   270 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  455,
- /*   280 */   670,  450,  227,   61,  157,  243,  344,  114,  701,  888,
- /*   290 */   147,  832,  957,  373,  747,  957,  320,  957,  958,  959,
- /*   300 */   194,   10,   10,  402,  399,  398,  888,  890,  978,  978,
- /*   310 */   762,  171,  170,  157,  397,  337,  957,  958,  959,  702,
- /*   320 */   825,  310,  153,  957,  819,  321,   82,   23,   80,   99,
- /*   330 */   100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,
- /*   340 */    98,   98,  894,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,
- /*   350 */    94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  824,  824,  826,  277,  231,
- /*   360 */   300,  957,  958,  959,  957,  958,  959,  888,  194,   25,
- /*   370 */   450,  402,  399,  398,  957,  355,  300,  450,  957,   74,
- /*   380 */   450,    1,  397,  132,  978,  978,  957,  224,  224,  813,
- /*   390 */    10,   10,  957,  958,  959,  968,  132,   52,   52,  415,
- /*   400 */    52,   52,  739,  739,  339,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,
- /*   410 */   845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  790,   96,
- /*   420 */    96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,
- /*   430 */   325,  789,  428,  418,  706,  428,  427, 1270, 1270,  262,
- /*   440 */   370,  261,  957,  957,  958,  959,  757,  957,  958,  959,
- /*   450 */   450,  756,  450,  734,  713,  957,  958,  959,  443,  711,
- /*   460 */   978,  978,  734,  394,   92,   89,  178,  447,  447,  447,
- /*   470 */    51,   51,   52,   52,  439,  778,  700,   92,   89,  178,
- /*   480 */   172,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*   490 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  198,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*   500 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  428,  408,  916,
- /*   510 */   699,  957,  958,  959,   92,   89,  178,  224,  224,  157,
- /*   520 */   241,  221,  419,  299,  776,  917,  416,  375,  450,  415,
- /*   530 */    58,  324,  737,  737,  920,  379,  978,  978,  379,  777,
- /*   540 */   449,  918,  363,  740,  296,  686,    9,    9,   52,   52,
- /*   550 */   234,  330,  234,  256,  417,  741,  280,   99,  100,   90,
- /*   560 */   853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,
- /*   570 */   450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,
- /*   580 */    93,  351,  325,  423,   72,  450,  833,  120,  368,  450,
- /*   590 */    10,   10,    5,  301,  203,  450,  177,  976,  253,  420,
- /*   600 */   255,  776,  200,  175,  233,   10,   10,  842,  842,   36,
- /*   610 */    36, 1299,  978,  978,  729,   37,   37,  349,  348,  425,
- /*   620 */   203,  260,  776,  976,  232,  937, 1326,  876,  338, 1326,
- /*   630 */   422,  854,  857,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,
- /*   640 */    97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  268,   96,   96,   96,
- /*   650 */    96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  846,
- /*   660 */   450,  985,  818,  985, 1209,  450,  916,  976,  720,  350,
- /*   670 */   350,  350,  935,  177,  450,  937, 1327,  254,  198, 1327,
- /*   680 */    12,   12,  917,  403,  450,   27,   27,  250,  978,  978,
- /*   690 */   118,  721,  162,  976,   38,   38,  268,  176,  918,  776,
- /*   700 */   433, 1275,  946,  354,   39,   39,  317,  998,  325,   99,
- /*   710 */   100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,
- /*   720 */    98,   98,  935,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,
- /*   730 */    94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  330,  450,  358,  978,  978,
- /*   740 */   717,  317,  936,  341,  900,  900,  387,  673,  674,  675,
- /*   750 */   275,  996,  318,  999,   40,   40,   41,   41,  268,   99,
- /*   760 */   100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,
- /*   770 */    98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,
- /*   780 */    94,   94,   93,  351,  325,  450,  356,  450,  999,  450,
- /*   790 */   692,  331,   42,   42,  791,  270,  450,  273,  450,  228,
- /*   800 */   450,  298,  450,  792,  450,   28,   28,   29,   29,   31,
- /*   810 */    31,  450,  817,  450,  978,  978,   43,   43,   44,   44,
- /*   820 */    45,   45,   11,   11,   46,   46,  893,   78,  893,  268,
- /*   830 */   268,  105,  105,   47,   47,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,
- /*   840 */   845,  845,   97,   97,   98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,
- /*   850 */    96,   96,   96,   95,   95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,
- /*   860 */   325,  450,  117,  450,  749,  158,  450,  696,   48,   48,
- /*   870 */   229,  919,  450,  928,  450,  415,  450,  335,  450,  245,
- /*   880 */   450,   33,   33,   49,   49,  450,   50,   50,  246,  817,
- /*   890 */   978,  978,   34,   34,  122,  122,  123,  123,  124,  124,
- /*   900 */    56,   56,  268,   81,  249,   35,   35,  197,  196,  195,
- /*   910 */   325,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*   920 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*   930 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  696,  450,  817,
- /*   940 */   978,  978,  975,  884,  106,  106,  268,  886,  268,  944,
- /*   950 */     2,  892,  268,  892,  336,  716,   53,   53,  107,  107,
- /*   960 */   325,   99,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*   970 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*   980 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  746,  450,  742,
- /*   990 */   978,  978,  715,  267,  108,  108,  446,  331,  332,  133,
- /*  1000 */   223,  175,  301,  225,  386,  933,  104,  104,  121,  121,
- /*  1010 */   325,   99,   88,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*  1020 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  817,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*  1030 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  347,  450,  167,
- /*  1040 */   978,  978,  932,  815,  372,  319,  202,  202,  374,  263,
- /*  1050 */   395,  202,   74,  208,  726,  727,  119,  119,  112,  112,
- /*  1060 */   325,  407,  100,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*  1070 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  450,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*  1080 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,  450,  757,  450,  345,
- /*  1090 */   978,  978,  756,  278,  111,  111,   74,  719,  718,  709,
- /*  1100 */   286,  883,  754, 1289,  257,   77,  109,  109,  110,  110,
- /*  1110 */   908,  285,  810,   90,  853,  856,  845,  845,   97,   97,
- /*  1120 */    98,   98,   98,   98,  911,   96,   96,   96,   96,   95,
- /*  1130 */    95,   94,   94,   94,   93,  351,   86,  445,  450,    3,
- /*  1140 */  1202,  450,  745,  132,  352,  120,  689,   86,  445,  785,
- /*  1150 */     3,  767,  202,  377,  448,  352,  907,  120,   55,   55,
- /*  1160 */   450,   57,   57,  828,  879,  448,  450,  208,  450,  709,
- /*  1170 */   450,  883,  237,  434,  436,  120,  440,  429,  362,  120,
- /*  1180 */    54,   54,  132,  450,  434,  832,   52,   52,   26,   26,
- /*  1190 */    30,   30,  382,  132,  409,  444,  832,  694,  264,  390,
- /*  1200 */   116,  269,  272,   32,   32,   83,   84,  120,  274,  120,
- /*  1210 */   120,  276,   85,  352,  452,  451,   83,   84,  819,  730,
- /*  1220 */   714,  428,  430,   85,  352,  452,  451,  120,  120,  819,
- /*  1230 */   378,  218,  281,  828,  783,  816,   86,  445,  410,    3,
- /*  1240 */   763,  774,  431,  432,  352,  302,  303,  823,  697,  824,
- /*  1250 */   824,  826,  827,   19,  448,  691,  680,  679,  681,  951,
- /*  1260 */   824,  824,  826,  827,   19,  289,  159,  291,  293,    7,
- /*  1270 */   316,  173,  259,  434,  805,  364,  252,  910,  376,  713,
- /*  1280 */   295,  435,  168,  993,  400,  832,  284,  881,  880,  205,
- /*  1290 */   954,  308,  927,   86,  445,  990,    3,  925,  333,  144,
- /*  1300 */   130,  352,   72,  135,   59,   83,   84,  761,  137,  366,
- /*  1310 */   802,  448,   85,  352,  452,  451,  139,  226,  819,  140,
- /*  1320 */   156,   62,  315,  314,  313,  215,  311,  367,  393,  683,
- /*  1330 */   434,  185,  141,  912,  142,  160,  148,  812,  875,  383,
- /*  1340 */   189,   67,  832,  180,  389,  248,  895,  775,  219,  824,
- /*  1350 */   824,  826,  827,   19,  247,  190,  266,  154,  391,  271,
- /*  1360 */   191,  192,   83,   84,  682,  406,  733,  182,  322,   85,
- /*  1370 */   352,  452,  451,  732,  183,  819,  342,  132,  181,  711,
- /*  1380 */   731,  421,   76,  445,  705,    3,  323,  704,  283,  724,
- /*  1390 */   352,  771,  703,  966,  723,   71,  204,    6,  288,  290,
- /*  1400 */   448,  772,  770,  769,   79,  292,  824,  824,  826,  827,
- /*  1410 */    19,  294,  297,  438,  346,  442,  102,  861,  753,  434,
- /*  1420 */   238,  426,   73,  305,  239,  304,  326,  240,  424,  306,
- /*  1430 */   307,  832,  213,  688,   22,  952,  453,  214,  216,  217,
- /*  1440 */   454,  677,  115,  676,  671,  125,  126,  235,  127,  669,
- /*  1450 */   327,   83,   84,  359,  353,  244,  166,  328,   85,  352,
- /*  1460 */   452,  451,  134,  179,  819,  357,  113,  891,  811,  889,
- /*  1470 */   136,  128,  138,  743,  258,  184,  906,  143,  145,   63,
- /*  1480 */    64,   65,   66,  129,  909,  905,  187,  186,    8,   13,
- /*  1490 */   188,  265,  898,  149,  202,  824,  824,  826,  827,   19,
- /*  1500 */   388,  987,  150,  161,  285,  685,  392,  396,  151,  722,
- /*  1510 */   193,   68,   14,  401,  279,   15,   69,  236,  831,  830,
- /*  1520 */   131,  859,  751,   70,   16,  414,  755,    4,  784,  220,
- /*  1530 */   222,  174,  152,  437,  779,  201,   17,   77,   74,   18,
- /*  1540 */   874,  860,  858,  915,  863,  914,  207,  206,  941,  163,
- /*  1550 */   210,  942,  209,  164,  441,  862,  165,  211,  829,  695,
- /*  1560 */    87,  312,  309,  947, 1291, 1290,
+ /*     0 */  1006,  156,  156,    2, 1302,   90,   87,  179,   90,   87,
+ /*    10 */   179,  460, 1048,  460,  465, 1010,  460,  333, 1130,  335,
+ /*    20 */   246,  330,  112,  303,  439, 1258,  304,  419, 1129, 1087,
+ /*    30 */    72,  798,   50,   50,   50,   50,  331,   30,   30,  799,
+ /*    40 */   951,  364,  371,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,
+ /*    50 */   851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  120,  371,
+ /*    60 */   370,  120,  348,   22,   90,   87,  179,  438,  423,  438,
+ /*    70 */   440,  335,  420,  385,   90,   87,  179,  116,   73,  163,
+ /*    80 */   848,  848,  860,  863,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*    90 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,
+ /*   100 */   859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   110 */   718,  365,  339,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,
+ /*   120 */    99,  371,  453,  335,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*   130 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  852,   94,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   140 */    93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,
+ /*   150 */   983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,
+ /*   160 */    96,   96,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  838,  132,  195,
+ /*   170 */    58,  244,  412,  409,  408,  335,  457,  457,  457,  304,
+ /*   180 */    59,  332,  831,  407,  394,  962,  830,  391,   94,   94,
+ /*   190 */    94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,
+ /*   200 */    98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,
+ /*   210 */    96,   96,   96,   96,  426,  357,  460,  830,  830,  832,
+ /*   220 */    91,  361,  962,  963,  964,  195,  459,  335,  412,  409,
+ /*   230 */   408,  280,  361,  820,  132,   11,   11,   50,   50,  407,
+ /*   240 */    94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,
+ /*   250 */   361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,
+ /*   260 */    95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  460,  221,  460,  264,
+ /*   270 */   375,  254,  438,  428, 1276, 1276,  383, 1074, 1053,  335,
+ /*   280 */   245,  422,  299,  713,  271,  271, 1074,   50,   50,   50,
+ /*   290 */    50,  962,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,
+ /*   300 */    92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,
+ /*   310 */   851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,   90,   87,
+ /*   320 */   179, 1306,  438,  437,  438,  418,  368,  253,  962,  963,
+ /*   330 */   964,  335,  360,  360,  360,  706,  359,  358,  324,  962,
+ /*   340 */  1281,  951,  364,  230,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*   350 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,
+ /*   360 */   859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   370 */   769,  460,  120,  226,  226,  366,  962,  963,  964, 1089,
+ /*   380 */   990,  900,  990,  335, 1057,  425,  421,  839,  759,  759,
+ /*   390 */   425,  427,   50,   50,  432,  381,   94,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   400 */    93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,
+ /*   410 */   983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,
+ /*   420 */    96,   96,  460,  259,  460,  120,  117,  354,  942, 1332,
+ /*   430 */   942, 1333, 1332,  278, 1333,  335,  680,  681,  682,  825,
+ /*   440 */   201,  176,  303,   50,   50,   49,   49,  404,   94,   94,
+ /*   450 */    94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,
+ /*   460 */    98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,
+ /*   470 */    96,   96,   96,   96,  199,  460,  380,  265,  433,  380,
+ /*   480 */   265,  383,  256,  158,  258,  319, 1003,  335,  155,  940,
+ /*   490 */   177,  940,  273,  379,  276,  322,   34,   34,  302,  962,
+ /*   500 */    94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,
+ /*   510 */   361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,
+ /*   520 */    95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  905,  905,  397,  460,
+ /*   530 */   301,  158,  101,  319,  941,  340,  962,  963,  964,  313,
+ /*   540 */   283,  449,  335,  327,  146, 1266, 1004,  257,  234,  248,
+ /*   550 */    35,   35,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,
+ /*   560 */    92,   91,  361,  709,  785, 1227,   97,   98,   88,  983,
+ /*   570 */   983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   580 */    96,  962, 1227, 1229,  245,  422,  838,  198,  197,  196,
+ /*   590 */  1079, 1079, 1077, 1077, 1004, 1334,  320,  335,  172,  171,
+ /*   600 */   709,  831,  159,  271,  271,  830,   76,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   610 */    94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  962,  963,
+ /*   620 */   964,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,  851,  851,
+ /*   630 */    95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  830,  830,  832, 1157,
+ /*   640 */  1157,  199, 1157,  173, 1227,  231,  232, 1282,    2,  335,
+ /*   650 */   271,  764,  271,  820,  271,  271,  763,  389,  389,  389,
+ /*   660 */   132,   79,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,
+ /*   670 */    92,   91,  361,   97,   98,   88,  983,  983,  859,  862,
+ /*   680 */   851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,  460,  264,
+ /*   690 */   223,  460, 1257,  783, 1223, 1157, 1086, 1082,   80,  271,
+ /*   700 */    78,  335,  340, 1031,  341,  344,  345,  902,  346,   10,
+ /*   710 */    10,  902,   25,   25,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*   720 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   97,   86,   88,  983,  983,
+ /*   730 */   859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   740 */  1157,  270,  395,  117,  233,  263,  235,   70,  456,  341,
+ /*   750 */   225,  176,  335, 1305,  342,  133,  736,  966,  980,  249,
+ /*   760 */  1150,  396,  325, 1085, 1028,  178,   94,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   770 */    93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   98,   88,  983,
+ /*   780 */   983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   790 */    96,  783,  783,  132,  120,  966,  120,  120,  120,  798,
+ /*   800 */   252,  937,  335,  353,  321,  429,  355,  799,  822,  692,
+ /*   810 */   390,  203,  446,  450,  372,  716,  454,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   820 */    94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,   88,  983,
+ /*   830 */   983,  859,  862,  851,  851,   95,   95,   96,   96,   96,
+ /*   840 */    96,   84,  455, 1225,    3, 1209,  120,  120,  382,  387,
+ /*   850 */   120,  203, 1271,  716,  384,  168,  266,  203,  458,   72,
+ /*   860 */   260, 1246,   84,  455,  178,    3,  378,   94,   94,   94,
+ /*   870 */    94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  350,  458,
+ /*   880 */  1245,  362,  430,  213,  228,  290,  415,  285,  414,  200,
+ /*   890 */   783,  882,  444,  726,  725,  405,  283,  921,  209,  921,
+ /*   900 */   281,  132,  362,   72,  838,  289,  147,  733,  734,  392,
+ /*   910 */    81,   82,  922,  444,  922,  267,  288,   83,  362,  462,
+ /*   920 */   461,  272,  132,  830,   23,  838,  388,  923, 1216,  923,
+ /*   930 */  1056,   81,   82,   84,  455,  899,    3,  899,   83,  362,
+ /*   940 */   462,  461,  761,  962,  830,   75,    1,  443,  275,  747,
+ /*   950 */   458,    5,  962,  204,  830,  830,  832,  833,   18,  748,
+ /*   960 */   229,  962,  277,   19,  153,  317,  317,  316,  216,  314,
+ /*   970 */   279,  460,  689,  362, 1055,  830,  830,  832,  833,   18,
+ /*   980 */   962,  963,  964,  962,  444,  181,  460,  251,  981,  962,
+ /*   990 */   963,  964,    8,    8,   20,  250,  838, 1070,  962,  963,
+ /*  1000 */   964,  417,   81,   82,  768,  204,  347,   36,   36,   83,
+ /*  1010 */   362,  462,  461, 1054,  284,  830,   84,  455, 1123,    3,
+ /*  1020 */   962,  963,  964,  460,  183,  962,  981,  764,  889, 1107,
+ /*  1030 */   460,  184,  763,  458,  132,  182,   74,  455,  460,    3,
+ /*  1040 */   981,  898,  834,  898,    8,    8,  830,  830,  832,  833,
+ /*  1050 */    18,    8,    8,  458,  219, 1156,  362, 1103,  349,    8,
+ /*  1060 */     8,  240,  962,  963,  964,  236,  889,  444,  792,  336,
+ /*  1070 */   158,  203,  885,  435,  700,  209,  362,  114,  981,  838,
+ /*  1080 */   834,  227,  334, 1114,  441,   81,   82,  444,  442,  305,
+ /*  1090 */   784,  306,   83,  362,  462,  461,  369, 1162,  830,  838,
+ /*  1100 */   460, 1037,  237, 1030,  237,   81,   82,    7,   96,   96,
+ /*  1110 */    96,   96,   83,  362,  462,  461, 1019, 1018,  830, 1020,
+ /*  1120 */  1289,   37,   37,  400,   96,   96,   96,   96,   89,  830,
+ /*  1130 */   830,  832,  833,   18, 1100,  318,  962,  292,   94,   94,
+ /*  1140 */    94,   94,   93,   93,   92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  830,
+ /*  1150 */   830,  832,  833,   18,   94,   94,   94,   94,   93,   93,
+ /*  1160 */    92,   92,   92,   91,  361,  359,  358,  226,  226,  727,
+ /*  1170 */   294,  296,  460,  962,  963,  964,  460,  989,  160,  425,
+ /*  1180 */   170, 1295,  262,  460,  987,  374,  988,  386, 1145,  255,
+ /*  1190 */   326,  460,  373,   38,   38,  410,  174,   39,   39,  413,
+ /*  1200 */   460,  287,  460, 1053,   40,   40,  298,  728, 1220,  990,
+ /*  1210 */   445,  990,   26,   26, 1219,  460,  311,  460,  169, 1292,
+ /*  1220 */   460,   27,   27,   29,   29,  998,  460,  206,  135,  995,
+ /*  1230 */  1265, 1263,  460,   57,   60,  460,   41,   41,   42,   42,
+ /*  1240 */   460,   43,   43,  460,  343,  351,  460,    9,    9,  460,
+ /*  1250 */   144,  460,  130,   44,   44,  460,  103,  103,  460,  137,
+ /*  1260 */    70,   45,   45,  460,   46,   46,  460,   31,   31, 1142,
+ /*  1270 */    47,   47,   48,   48,  460,  376,   32,   32,  460,  122,
+ /*  1280 */   122,  460,  157,  460,  123,  123,  139,  124,  124,  460,
+ /*  1290 */   186,  460,  377,  460,  115,   54,   54,  460,  403,   33,
+ /*  1300 */    33,  460,  104,  104,   51,   51,  460,  161,  460,  140,
+ /*  1310 */   105,  105,  106,  106,  102,  102,  460,  141,  121,  121,
+ /*  1320 */   460,  142,  119,  119,  190,  460, 1152,  110,  110,  109,
+ /*  1330 */   109,  702,  460,  148,  393,   65,  460,  107,  107,  460,
+ /*  1340 */   323,  108,  108,  399,  460, 1234,   53,   53, 1214,  269,
+ /*  1350 */   154,  416, 1115,   55,   55,  220,  401,   52,   52,  191,
+ /*  1360 */    24,   24,  274,  192,  193,   28,   28, 1021,  328,  702,
+ /*  1370 */  1073,  352, 1072,  718, 1071,  431, 1111, 1064,  329, 1045,
+ /*  1380 */    69,  205,    6,  291, 1044,  286, 1112, 1043, 1304, 1110,
+ /*  1390 */   293,  300,  295,  297, 1063, 1200, 1109,   77,  241,  448,
+ /*  1400 */   356,  452,  436,  100,  214,   71,  434, 1027, 1093,   21,
+ /*  1410 */   463,  242,  243,  957,  215,  217,  218,  464,  309,  307,
+ /*  1420 */   308,  310, 1016,  125, 1250, 1251, 1011, 1249,  126,  127,
+ /*  1430 */  1248,  113,  676,  337,  238,  338,  134,  363,  167, 1041,
+ /*  1440 */  1040,   56,  247,  367,  180,  897,  111,  895,  136, 1038,
+ /*  1450 */   818,  128,  138,  750,  261,  911,  185,  143,  145,   61,
+ /*  1460 */    62,   63,   64,  129,  914,  187,  188,  910,  118,   12,
+ /*  1470 */   189,  903,  268,  992,  203,  162,  398,  150,  149,  691,
+ /*  1480 */   402,  288,  194,  406,  151,  411,   66,   13,  729,  239,
+ /*  1490 */   282,   14,   67,  131,  837,  836,  865,  758,   15,    4,
+ /*  1500 */    68,  762,  175,  222,  224,  424,  152,  869,  791,  202,
+ /*  1510 */   786,   75,   72,  880,  866,  864,   16,   17,  920,  207,
+ /*  1520 */   919,  208,  447,  946,  164,  211,  947,  210,  165,  451,
+ /*  1530 */   868,  166,  315,  835,  701,   85,  212, 1297,  312,  952,
+ /*  1540 */  1296,
 };
 static const YYCODETYPE yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */    19,  115,   19,  117,  118,   24,    1,    2,   27,   79,
- /*    10 */    80,   81,   82,   83,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
- /*    20 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  144,  145,  146,  147,   58,
- /*    30 */    49,   50,   79,   80,   81,   82,   22,   84,   85,   86,
- /*    40 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  221,  222,
- /*    50 */   223,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*    60 */    79,   80,   81,   82,   94,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*    70 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,   94,   97,  108,
- /*    80 */   109,  110,   99,  100,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,   32,
- /*    90 */   119,  120,   78,   27,  152,  112,   93,   94,   41,   88,
- /*   100 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   49,   50,   84,   85,
- /*   110 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   58,
- /*   120 */   157,  119,  120,  163,   68,  163,   65,   70,   71,   72,
- /*   130 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,
- /*   140 */   152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*   150 */    93,   94,   19,   97,   88,   89,  196,  101,  196,   26,
- /*   160 */   172,  173,   96,   97,   98,  210,  100,   22,  152,  108,
- /*   170 */   109,  110,   27,  107,   27,  109,  221,  222,  223,  219,
- /*   180 */   238,  219,   49,   50,  152,  169,  170,   54,  132,  133,
- /*   190 */   134,  228,  232,  171,  231,  207,  208,  237,  132,  237,
- /*   200 */   134,  179,   19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   210 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   220 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   27,   65,
- /*   230 */    30,  152,   49,   50,   34,   52,   90,   91,   92,   93,
- /*   240 */    94,   96,   97,   98,   97,   22,  230,   27,   48,  217,
- /*   250 */    27,  172,  173,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   260 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  172,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   270 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  148,
- /*   280 */   149,  152,  218,   24,  152,  154,  207,  156,  172,  152,
- /*   290 */    22,   68,   27,  152,  163,   27,  164,   96,   97,   98,
- /*   300 */    99,  172,  173,  102,  103,  104,  169,  170,   49,   50,
- /*   310 */    90,   88,   89,  152,  113,  186,   96,   97,   98,   96,
- /*   320 */    97,  160,   57,   27,  101,  164,  137,  196,  139,   70,
- /*   330 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   340 */    81,   82,   11,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   350 */    91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  132,  133,  134,   23,  218,
- /*   360 */   152,   96,   97,   98,   96,   97,   98,  230,   99,   22,
- /*   370 */   152,  102,  103,  104,   27,  244,  152,  152,   27,   26,
- /*   380 */   152,   22,  113,   65,   49,   50,   27,  194,  195,   58,
- /*   390 */   172,  173,   96,   97,   98,  185,   65,  172,  173,  206,
- /*   400 */   172,  173,  190,  191,  186,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   410 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  175,   84,
- /*   420 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,
- /*   430 */    19,  175,  207,  208,   23,  207,  208,  119,  120,  108,
- /*   440 */   109,  110,   27,   96,   97,   98,  116,   96,   97,   98,
- /*   450 */   152,  121,  152,  179,  180,   96,   97,   98,  250,  106,
- /*   460 */    49,   50,  188,   19,  221,  222,  223,  168,  169,  170,
- /*   470 */   172,  173,  172,  173,  250,  124,  172,  221,  222,  223,
- /*   480 */    26,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   490 */    79,   80,   81,   82,   50,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   500 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  207,  208,   12,
- /*   510 */    23,   96,   97,   98,  221,  222,  223,  194,  195,  152,
- /*   520 */   199,   23,   19,  225,   26,   28,  152,  152,  152,  206,
- /*   530 */   209,  164,  190,  191,  241,  152,   49,   50,  152,  124,
- /*   540 */   152,   44,  219,   46,  152,   21,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   550 */   183,  107,  185,   16,  163,   58,  112,   70,   71,   72,
- /*   560 */    73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,
- /*   570 */   152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,
- /*   580 */    93,   94,   19,  207,  130,  152,   23,  196,   64,  152,
- /*   590 */   172,  173,   22,  152,   24,  152,   98,   27,   61,   96,
- /*   600 */    63,   26,  211,  212,  186,  172,  173,   49,   50,  172,
- /*   610 */   173,   23,   49,   50,   26,  172,  173,   88,   89,  186,
- /*   620 */    24,  238,  124,   27,  238,   22,   23,  103,  187,   26,
- /*   630 */   152,   73,   74,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,
- /*   640 */    77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,
- /*   650 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  101,
- /*   660 */   152,  132,   23,  134,  140,  152,   12,   97,   36,  168,
- /*   670 */   169,  170,   69,   98,  152,   22,   23,  140,   50,   26,
- /*   680 */   172,  173,   28,   51,  152,  172,  173,  193,   49,   50,
- /*   690 */    22,   59,   24,   97,  172,  173,  152,  152,   44,  124,
- /*   700 */    46,    0,    1,    2,  172,  173,   22,   23,   19,   70,
- /*   710 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   720 */    81,   82,   69,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   730 */    91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  107,  152,  193,   49,   50,
- /*   740 */   181,   22,   23,  111,  108,  109,  110,    7,    8,    9,
- /*   750 */    16,  247,  248,   69,  172,  173,  172,  173,  152,   70,
- /*   760 */    71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,
- /*   770 */    81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,
- /*   780 */    91,   92,   93,   94,   19,  152,  242,  152,   69,  152,
- /*   790 */   166,  167,  172,  173,   32,   61,  152,   63,  152,  193,
- /*   800 */   152,  152,  152,   41,  152,  172,  173,  172,  173,  172,
- /*   810 */   173,  152,  152,  152,   49,   50,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   820 */   172,  173,  172,  173,  172,  173,  132,  138,  134,  152,
- /*   830 */   152,  172,  173,  172,  173,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,
- /*   840 */    75,   76,   77,   78,   79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,
- /*   850 */    85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,
- /*   860 */    19,  152,   22,  152,  195,   24,  152,   27,  172,  173,
- /*   870 */   193,  193,  152,  152,  152,  206,  152,  217,  152,  152,
- /*   880 */   152,  172,  173,  172,  173,  152,  172,  173,  152,  152,
- /*   890 */    49,   50,  172,  173,  172,  173,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   900 */   172,  173,  152,  138,  152,  172,  173,  108,  109,  110,
- /*   910 */    19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   920 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   930 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,   97,  152,  152,
- /*   940 */    49,   50,   26,  193,  172,  173,  152,  152,  152,  146,
- /*   950 */   147,  132,  152,  134,  217,  181,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*   960 */    19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*   970 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*   980 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  193,  152,  193,
- /*   990 */    49,   50,  181,  193,  172,  173,  166,  167,  245,  246,
- /*  1000 */   211,  212,  152,   22,  217,  152,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1010 */    19,   70,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*  1020 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1030 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  187,  152,  123,
- /*  1040 */    49,   50,   23,   23,   23,   26,   26,   26,   23,   23,
- /*  1050 */    23,   26,   26,   26,    7,    8,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1060 */    19,   90,   71,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*  1070 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  152,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1080 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  152,  116,  152,  217,
- /*  1090 */    49,   50,  121,   23,  172,  173,   26,  100,  101,   27,
- /*  1100 */   101,   27,   23,  122,  152,   26,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1110 */   152,  112,  163,   72,   73,   74,   75,   76,   77,   78,
- /*  1120 */    79,   80,   81,   82,  163,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,
- /*  1130 */    89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   19,   20,  152,   22,
- /*  1140 */    23,  152,  163,   65,   27,  196,  163,   19,   20,   23,
- /*  1150 */    22,  213,   26,   19,   37,   27,  152,  196,  172,  173,
- /*  1160 */   152,  172,  173,   27,   23,   37,  152,   26,  152,   97,
- /*  1170 */   152,   97,  210,   56,  163,  196,  163,  163,  100,  196,
- /*  1180 */   172,  173,   65,  152,   56,   68,  172,  173,  172,  173,
- /*  1190 */   172,  173,  152,   65,  163,  163,   68,   23,  152,  234,
- /*  1200 */    26,  152,  152,  172,  173,   88,   89,  196,  152,  196,
- /*  1210 */   196,  152,   95,   96,   97,   98,   88,   89,  101,  152,
- /*  1220 */   152,  207,  208,   95,   96,   97,   98,  196,  196,  101,
- /*  1230 */    96,  233,  152,   97,  152,  152,   19,   20,  207,   22,
- /*  1240 */   152,  152,  152,  191,   27,  152,  152,  152,  152,  132,
- /*  1250 */   133,  134,  135,  136,   37,  152,  152,  152,  152,  152,
- /*  1260 */   132,  133,  134,  135,  136,  210,  197,  210,  210,  198,
- /*  1270 */   150,  184,  239,   56,  201,  214,  214,  201,  239,  180,
- /*  1280 */   214,  227,  198,   38,  176,   68,  175,  175,  175,  122,
- /*  1290 */   155,  200,  159,   19,   20,   40,   22,  159,  159,   22,
- /*  1300 */    70,   27,  130,  243,  240,   88,   89,   90,  189,   18,
- /*  1310 */   201,   37,   95,   96,   97,   98,  192,    5,  101,  192,
- /*  1320 */   220,  240,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,  159,   18,   17,
- /*  1330 */    56,  158,  192,  201,  192,  220,  189,  189,  201,  159,
- /*  1340 */   158,  137,   68,   31,   45,   33,  236,  159,  159,  132,
- /*  1350 */   133,  134,  135,  136,   42,  158,  235,   22,  177,  159,
- /*  1360 */   158,  158,   88,   89,  159,  107,  174,   55,  177,   95,
- /*  1370 */    96,   97,   98,  174,   62,  101,   47,   65,   66,  106,
- /*  1380 */   174,  125,   19,   20,  174,   22,  177,  176,  174,  182,
- /*  1390 */    27,  216,  174,  174,  182,  107,  159,   22,  215,  215,
- /*  1400 */    37,  216,  216,  216,  137,  215,  132,  133,  134,  135,
- /*  1410 */   136,  215,  159,  177,   94,  177,  129,  224,  205,   56,
- /*  1420 */   226,  126,  128,  203,  229,  204,  114,  229,  127,  202,
- /*  1430 */   201,   68,   25,  162,   26,   13,  161,  153,  153,    6,
- /*  1440 */   151,  151,  178,  151,  151,  165,  165,  178,  165,    4,
- /*  1450 */   249,   88,   89,  141,    3,  142,   22,  249,   95,   96,
- /*  1460 */    97,   98,  246,   15,  101,   67,   16,   23,  120,   23,
- /*  1470 */   131,  111,  123,   20,   16,  125,    1,  123,  131,   78,
- /*  1480 */    78,   78,   78,  111,   96,    1,  122,   35,    5,   22,
- /*  1490 */   107,  140,   53,   53,   26,  132,  133,  134,  135,  136,
- /*  1500 */    43,   60,  107,   24,  112,   20,   19,   52,   22,   29,
- /*  1510 */   105,   22,   22,   52,   23,   22,   22,   52,   23,   23,
- /*  1520 */    39,   23,  116,   26,   22,   26,   23,   22,   96,   23,
- /*  1530 */    23,  122,   22,   24,  124,   35,   35,   26,   26,   35,
- /*  1540 */    23,   23,   23,   23,   11,   23,   22,   26,   23,   22,
- /*  1550 */   122,   23,   26,   22,   24,   23,   22,  122,   23,   23,
- /*  1560 */    22,   15,   23,    1,  122,  122,
+ /*     0 */   144,  145,  146,  147,  172,  222,  223,  224,  222,  223,
+ /*    10 */   224,  152,  180,  152,  148,  149,  152,  173,  176,   19,
+ /*    20 */   154,  173,  156,  152,  163,  242,  152,  163,  176,  163,
+ /*    30 */    26,   31,  173,  174,  173,  174,  173,  173,  174,   39,
+ /*    40 */     1,    2,  152,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*    50 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  197,  169,
+ /*    60 */   170,  197,  188,  197,  222,  223,  224,  208,  209,  208,
+ /*    70 */   209,   19,  208,  152,  222,  223,  224,   22,   26,   24,
+ /*    80 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*    90 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   100 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   110 */   106,  245,  157,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,
+ /*   120 */    68,  231,  251,   19,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*   130 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  101,   84,   85,   86,   87,
+ /*   140 */    88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,
+ /*   150 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
+ /*   160 */    56,   57,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   82,   79,   99,
+ /*   170 */    66,  200,  102,  103,  104,   19,  168,  169,  170,  152,
+ /*   180 */    24,  210,   97,  113,  229,   59,  101,  232,   84,   85,
+ /*   190 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,
+ /*   200 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
+ /*   210 */    54,   55,   56,   57,  152,  188,  152,  132,  133,  134,
+ /*   220 */    93,   94,   96,   97,   98,   99,  152,   19,  102,  103,
+ /*   230 */   104,   23,   94,   72,   79,  173,  174,  173,  174,  113,
+ /*   240 */    84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,
+ /*   250 */    94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   260 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  152,  171,  152,  108,
+ /*   270 */   109,  110,  208,  209,  119,  120,  152,  180,  181,   19,
+ /*   280 */   119,  120,  152,   23,  152,  152,  189,  173,  174,  173,
+ /*   290 */   174,   59,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
+ /*   300 */    92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   310 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  222,  223,
+ /*   320 */   224,  186,  208,  209,  208,  209,  194,  194,   96,   97,
+ /*   330 */    98,   19,  168,  169,  170,   23,   88,   89,  163,   59,
+ /*   340 */     0,    1,    2,  219,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*   350 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   360 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   370 */    90,  152,  197,  195,  196,  243,   96,   97,   98,  196,
+ /*   380 */   132,   11,  134,   19,  182,  207,  115,   23,  117,  118,
+ /*   390 */   207,  163,  173,  174,  152,  220,   84,   85,   86,   87,
+ /*   400 */    88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,
+ /*   410 */    46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,
+ /*   420 */    56,   57,  152,   16,  152,  197,  171,  208,   22,   23,
+ /*   430 */    22,   23,   26,   16,   26,   19,    7,    8,    9,   23,
+ /*   440 */   212,  213,  152,  173,  174,  173,  174,   19,   84,   85,
+ /*   450 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,
+ /*   460 */    44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,
+ /*   470 */    54,   55,   56,   57,   46,  152,  109,  110,  208,  109,
+ /*   480 */   110,  152,   75,  152,   77,   22,   23,   19,  233,   83,
+ /*   490 */   152,   83,   75,  238,   77,  164,  173,  174,  226,   59,
+ /*   500 */    84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,
+ /*   510 */    94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   520 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  108,  109,  110,  152,
+ /*   530 */   152,  152,   22,   22,   23,  107,   96,   97,   98,  160,
+ /*   540 */   112,  251,   19,  164,   22,  152,   83,  140,  219,  152,
+ /*   550 */   173,  174,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
+ /*   560 */    92,   93,   94,   59,  124,  152,   43,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*   570 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   580 */    57,   59,  169,  170,  119,  120,   82,  108,  109,  110,
+ /*   590 */   191,  192,  191,  192,   83,  248,  249,   19,   88,   89,
+ /*   600 */    96,   97,   24,  152,  152,  101,  138,   84,   85,   86,
+ /*   610 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   96,   97,
+ /*   620 */    98,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,   50,   51,
+ /*   630 */    52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  132,  133,  134,  152,
+ /*   640 */   152,   46,  152,   26,  231,  194,  194,  146,  147,   19,
+ /*   650 */   152,  116,  152,   72,  152,  152,  121,  152,  152,  152,
+ /*   660 */    79,  138,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,
+ /*   670 */    92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,   48,   49,
+ /*   680 */    50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,  152,  108,
+ /*   690 */    23,  152,  194,   26,  194,  152,  194,  194,  137,  152,
+ /*   700 */   139,   19,  107,  166,  167,  218,  218,   29,  218,  173,
+ /*   710 */   174,   33,  173,  174,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*   720 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   43,   44,   45,   46,   47,
+ /*   730 */    48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,   57,
+ /*   740 */   152,  194,   64,  171,  239,  239,  239,  130,  166,  167,
+ /*   750 */   212,  213,   19,   23,  246,  247,   26,   59,   26,  152,
+ /*   760 */   163,  218,  163,  163,  163,   98,   84,   85,   86,   87,
+ /*   770 */    88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   44,   45,   46,
+ /*   780 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   790 */    57,  124,   26,   79,  197,   97,  197,  197,  197,   31,
+ /*   800 */   152,   23,   19,   19,   26,   19,  218,   39,   23,   21,
+ /*   810 */   238,   26,  163,  163,  100,   59,  163,   84,   85,   86,
+ /*   820 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   45,   46,
+ /*   830 */    47,   48,   49,   50,   51,   52,   53,   54,   55,   56,
+ /*   840 */    57,   19,   20,  152,   22,   23,  197,  197,   23,   19,
+ /*   850 */   197,   26,  152,   97,   23,  123,   23,   26,   36,   26,
+ /*   860 */   152,  152,   19,   20,   98,   22,   78,   84,   85,   86,
+ /*   870 */    87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   94,   36,
+ /*   880 */   152,   59,   96,   99,  100,  101,  102,  103,  104,  105,
+ /*   890 */   124,  103,   70,  100,  101,   23,  112,   12,   26,   12,
+ /*   900 */    23,   79,   59,   26,   82,  101,   22,    7,    8,  152,
+ /*   910 */    88,   89,   27,   70,   27,  152,  112,   95,   96,   97,
+ /*   920 */    98,  152,   79,  101,   22,   82,   96,   42,  140,   42,
+ /*   930 */   182,   88,   89,   19,   20,  132,   22,  134,   95,   96,
+ /*   940 */    97,   98,   23,   59,  101,   26,   22,   62,  152,   62,
+ /*   950 */    36,   22,   59,   24,  132,  133,  134,  135,  136,   72,
+ /*   960 */     5,   59,  152,   22,   71,   10,   11,   12,   13,   14,
+ /*   970 */   152,  152,   17,   59,  182,  132,  133,  134,  135,  136,
+ /*   980 */    96,   97,   98,   59,   70,   30,  152,   32,   59,   96,
+ /*   990 */    97,   98,  173,  174,   53,   40,   82,  152,   96,   97,
+ /*  1000 */    98,   90,   88,   89,   90,   24,  187,  173,  174,   95,
+ /*  1010 */    96,   97,   98,  152,  152,  101,   19,   20,  152,   22,
+ /*  1020 */    96,   97,   98,  152,   69,   59,   97,  116,   59,  214,
+ /*  1030 */   152,   76,  121,   36,   79,   80,   19,   20,  152,   22,
+ /*  1040 */    59,  132,   59,  134,  173,  174,  132,  133,  134,  135,
+ /*  1050 */   136,  173,  174,   36,  234,  152,   59,  152,  187,  173,
+ /*  1060 */   174,  211,   96,   97,   98,  187,   97,   70,   23,  114,
+ /*  1070 */   152,   26,   23,  187,   23,   26,   59,   26,   97,   82,
+ /*  1080 */    97,   22,  164,  152,  152,   88,   89,   70,  192,  152,
+ /*  1090 */   124,  152,   95,   96,   97,   98,  141,  152,  101,   82,
+ /*  1100 */   152,  152,  184,  152,  186,   88,   89,  199,   54,   55,
+ /*  1110 */    56,   57,   95,   96,   97,   98,  152,  152,  101,  152,
+ /*  1120 */   152,  173,  174,  235,   54,   55,   56,   57,   58,  132,
+ /*  1130 */   133,  134,  135,  136,  211,  150,   59,  211,   84,   85,
+ /*  1140 */    86,   87,   88,   89,   90,   91,   92,   93,   94,  132,
+ /*  1150 */   133,  134,  135,  136,   84,   85,   86,   87,   88,   89,
+ /*  1160 */    90,   91,   92,   93,   94,   88,   89,  195,  196,   35,
+ /*  1170 */   211,  211,  152,   96,   97,   98,  152,  100,  198,  207,
+ /*  1180 */   171,  122,  240,  152,  107,  215,  109,  240,  202,  215,
+ /*  1190 */   202,  152,  220,  173,  174,  177,  185,  173,  174,   65,
+ /*  1200 */   152,  176,  152,  181,  173,  174,  215,   73,  176,  132,
+ /*  1210 */   228,  134,  173,  174,  176,  152,  201,  152,  199,  155,
+ /*  1220 */   152,  173,  174,  173,  174,   60,  152,  122,  244,   38,
+ /*  1230 */   159,  159,  152,  241,  241,  152,  173,  174,  173,  174,
+ /*  1240 */   152,  173,  174,  152,  159,  111,  152,  173,  174,  152,
+ /*  1250 */    22,  152,   43,  173,  174,  152,  173,  174,  152,  190,
+ /*  1260 */   130,  173,  174,  152,  173,  174,  152,  173,  174,  202,
+ /*  1270 */   173,  174,  173,  174,  152,   18,  173,  174,  152,  173,
+ /*  1280 */   174,  152,  221,  152,  173,  174,  193,  173,  174,  152,
+ /*  1290 */   158,  152,  159,  152,   22,  173,  174,  152,   18,  173,
+ /*  1300 */   174,  152,  173,  174,  173,  174,  152,  221,  152,  193,
+ /*  1310 */   173,  174,  173,  174,  173,  174,  152,  193,  173,  174,
+ /*  1320 */   152,  193,  173,  174,  158,  152,  190,  173,  174,  173,
+ /*  1330 */   174,   59,  152,  190,  159,  137,  152,  173,  174,  152,
+ /*  1340 */   202,  173,  174,   61,  152,  237,  173,  174,  202,  236,
+ /*  1350 */    22,  107,  159,  173,  174,  159,  178,  173,  174,  158,
+ /*  1360 */   173,  174,  159,  158,  158,  173,  174,  159,  178,   97,
+ /*  1370 */   175,   63,  175,  106,  175,  125,  217,  183,  178,  175,
+ /*  1380 */   107,  159,   22,  216,  177,  175,  217,  175,  175,  217,
+ /*  1390 */   216,  159,  216,  216,  183,  225,  217,  137,  227,  178,
+ /*  1400 */    94,  178,  126,  129,   25,  128,  127,  162,  206,   26,
+ /*  1410 */   161,  230,  230,   13,  153,  153,    6,  151,  203,  205,
+ /*  1420 */   204,  202,  151,  165,  171,  171,  151,  171,  165,  165,
+ /*  1430 */   171,  179,    4,  250,  179,  250,  247,    3,   22,  171,
+ /*  1440 */   171,  171,  142,   81,   15,   23,   16,   23,  131,  171,
+ /*  1450 */   120,  111,  123,   20,   16,    1,  125,  123,  131,   53,
+ /*  1460 */    53,   53,   53,  111,   96,   34,  122,    1,    5,   22,
+ /*  1470 */   107,   67,  140,   74,   26,   24,   41,  107,   67,   20,
+ /*  1480 */    19,  112,  105,   66,   22,   66,   22,   22,   28,   66,
+ /*  1490 */    23,   22,   22,   37,   23,   23,   23,  116,   22,   22,
+ /*  1500 */    26,   23,  122,   23,   23,   26,   22,   11,   96,   34,
+ /*  1510 */   124,   26,   26,   23,   23,   23,   34,   34,   23,   26,
+ /*  1520 */    23,   22,   24,   23,   22,  122,   23,   26,   22,   24,
+ /*  1530 */    23,   22,   15,   23,   23,   22,  122,  122,   23,    1,
+ /*  1540 */   122,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1550 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1560 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1570 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1580 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1590 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1600 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1610 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1620 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1630 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1640 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1650 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1660 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1670 */   252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,  252,
+ /*  1680 */   252,  252,  252,  252,
 };
-#define YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT (1566)
-#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (455)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MIN      (-114)
-#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (1562)
-static const short yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */     5, 1117, 1312, 1128, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,   61,  -19,
- /*    10 */    57,   57,  183, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    20 */    66,   66,  201,  -29,  331,  318,  133,  259,  335,  411,
- /*    30 */   487,  563,  639,  689,  765,  841,  891,  891,  891,  891,
- /*    40 */   891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,  891,
- /*    50 */   891,  891,  891,  941,  891,  991, 1041, 1041, 1217, 1274,
- /*    60 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    70 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    80 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*    90 */  1363, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,
- /*   100 */  1274, 1274, 1274, 1274,  -70,  -47,  -47,  -47,  -47,  -47,
- /*   110 */    24,   11,  146,  296,  524,  444,  529,  529,  296,    3,
- /*   120 */     2,  -30, 1566, 1566, 1566,  -17,  -17,  -17,  145,  145,
- /*   130 */   497,  497,  265,  603,  653,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,
- /*   140 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,
- /*   150 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  701, 1078,  147,  147,    2,
- /*   160 */   164,  164,  164,  164,  164,  164, 1566, 1566, 1566,  223,
- /*   170 */    56,   56,  268,  269,  220,  347,  351,  415,  359,  296,
- /*   180 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,
- /*   190 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  632,  632,  632,  296,  296,
- /*   200 */   498,  296,  296,  296,  570,  296,  296,  654,  296,  296,
- /*   210 */   296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  296,  636,  200,
- /*   220 */   596,  596,  596,  575, -114,  971,  740,  454,  503,  503,
- /*   230 */  1134,  454, 1134,  353,  588,  628,  762,  503,  189,  762,
- /*   240 */   762,  916,  330,  668, 1245, 1167, 1167, 1255, 1255, 1167,
- /*   250 */  1277, 1230, 1172, 1291, 1291, 1291, 1291, 1167, 1310, 1172,
- /*   260 */  1277, 1230, 1230, 1172, 1167, 1310, 1204, 1299, 1167, 1167,
- /*   270 */  1310, 1335, 1167, 1310, 1167, 1310, 1335, 1258, 1258, 1258,
- /*   280 */  1329, 1335, 1258, 1273, 1258, 1329, 1258, 1258, 1256, 1288,
- /*   290 */  1256, 1288, 1256, 1288, 1256, 1288, 1167, 1375, 1167, 1267,
- /*   300 */  1335, 1320, 1320, 1335, 1287, 1295, 1294, 1301, 1172, 1407,
- /*   310 */  1408, 1422, 1422, 1433, 1433, 1433, 1433, 1566, 1566, 1566,
- /*   320 */  1566, 1566, 1566, 1566, 1566,  558,  537,  684,  719,  734,
- /*   330 */   799,  840, 1019,   14, 1020, 1021, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1070,
- /*   340 */  1072,  997, 1047,  999, 1079, 1126, 1074, 1141,  694,  819,
- /*   350 */  1174, 1136,  981, 1445, 1451, 1434, 1313, 1448, 1398, 1450,
- /*   360 */  1444, 1446, 1348, 1339, 1360, 1349, 1453, 1350, 1458, 1475,
- /*   370 */  1354, 1347, 1401, 1402, 1403, 1404, 1372, 1388, 1452, 1364,
- /*   380 */  1484, 1483, 1467, 1383, 1351, 1439, 1468, 1440, 1441, 1457,
- /*   390 */  1395, 1479, 1485, 1487, 1392, 1405, 1486, 1455, 1489, 1490,
- /*   400 */  1491, 1493, 1461, 1480, 1494, 1465, 1481, 1495, 1496, 1498,
- /*   410 */  1497, 1406, 1502, 1503, 1505, 1499, 1409, 1506, 1507, 1432,
- /*   420 */  1500, 1510, 1410, 1511, 1501, 1512, 1504, 1517, 1511, 1518,
- /*   430 */  1519, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1524, 1533, 1525, 1527, 1509, 1526,
- /*   440 */  1528, 1531, 1530, 1526, 1532, 1534, 1535, 1536, 1538, 1428,
- /*   450 */  1435, 1442, 1443, 1539, 1546, 1562,
+#define YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (465)
+#define YY_SHIFT_MIN      (0)
+#define YY_SHIFT_MAX      (1538)
+static const unsigned short int yy_shift_ofst[] = {
+ /*     0 */    39,  822,  955,  843,  997,  997,  997,  997,    0,    0,
+ /*    10 */   104,  630,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997, 1077,
+ /*    20 */  1077,  126,  161,  155,   52,  156,  208,  260,  312,  364,
+ /*    30 */   416,  468,  523,  578,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,
+ /*    40 */   630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,  630,
+ /*    50 */   630,  682,  630,  733,  783,  783,  914,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*    60 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*    70 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*    80 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997, 1017,  997,
+ /*    90 */   997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,  997,
+ /*   100 */   997,  997, 1070, 1054, 1054, 1054, 1054, 1054,   40,   25,
+ /*   110 */    72,  232,  788,  428,  248,  248,  232,  581,  367,  127,
+ /*   120 */   465,  138, 1541, 1541, 1541,  784,  784,  784,  522,  522,
+ /*   130 */   887,  887,  893,  406,  408,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,
+ /*   140 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,
+ /*   150 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  370,  340,  714,  698,  698,
+ /*   160 */   465,   89,   89,   89,   89,   89,   89, 1541, 1541, 1541,
+ /*   170 */   504,   85,   85,  884,   70,  280,  902,  440,  966,  924,
+ /*   180 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,
+ /*   190 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232, 1134, 1134, 1134,  232,
+ /*   200 */   232,  667,  232,  232,  232,  929,  232,  232,  885,  232,
+ /*   210 */   232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  232,  418,
+ /*   220 */   678,  981,  981,  981,  981,  766,  271,  911,  510,  429,
+ /*   230 */   617,  786,  786,  830,  617,  830,    4,  730,  595,  768,
+ /*   240 */   786,  561,  768,  768,  732,  535,   55, 1165, 1105, 1105,
+ /*   250 */  1191, 1191, 1105, 1228, 1209, 1130, 1257, 1257, 1257, 1257,
+ /*   260 */  1105, 1280, 1130, 1228, 1209, 1209, 1130, 1105, 1280, 1198,
+ /*   270 */  1282, 1105, 1105, 1280, 1328, 1105, 1280, 1105, 1280, 1328,
+ /*   280 */  1244, 1244, 1244, 1308, 1328, 1244, 1267, 1244, 1308, 1244,
+ /*   290 */  1244, 1250, 1273, 1250, 1273, 1250, 1273, 1250, 1273, 1105,
+ /*   300 */  1360, 1105, 1260, 1328, 1306, 1306, 1328, 1274, 1276, 1277,
+ /*   310 */  1279, 1130, 1379, 1383, 1400, 1400, 1410, 1410, 1410, 1541,
+ /*   320 */  1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541,
+ /*   330 */  1541, 1541, 1541, 1541, 1541,   34,  407,  463,  511,  417,
+ /*   340 */   479, 1272,  778,  941,  785,  825,  831,  833,  872,  877,
+ /*   350 */   756,  793,  900,  804,  919, 1045,  969, 1049,  803,  909,
+ /*   360 */  1051,  983, 1059, 1428, 1434, 1416, 1300, 1429, 1362, 1430,
+ /*   370 */  1422, 1424, 1330, 1317, 1340, 1329, 1433, 1331, 1438, 1454,
+ /*   380 */  1334, 1327, 1406, 1407, 1408, 1409, 1352, 1368, 1431, 1344,
+ /*   390 */  1466, 1463, 1447, 1363, 1332, 1404, 1448, 1411, 1399, 1435,
+ /*   400 */  1370, 1451, 1459, 1461, 1369, 1377, 1462, 1417, 1464, 1465,
+ /*   410 */  1467, 1469, 1419, 1460, 1470, 1423, 1456, 1471, 1472, 1473,
+ /*   420 */  1474, 1381, 1476, 1478, 1477, 1479, 1380, 1480, 1481, 1412,
+ /*   430 */  1475, 1484, 1386, 1485, 1482, 1486, 1483, 1490, 1485, 1491,
+ /*   440 */  1492, 1495, 1493, 1497, 1499, 1496, 1500, 1502, 1498, 1501,
+ /*   450 */  1503, 1506, 1505, 1501, 1507, 1509, 1510, 1511, 1513, 1403,
+ /*   460 */  1414, 1415, 1418, 1515, 1517, 1538,
 };
-#define YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT (-174)
-#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (324)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-173)
-#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1293)
+#define YY_REDUCE_COUNT (334)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-217)
+#define YY_REDUCE_MAX   (1278)
 static const short yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */  -119, 1014,  131, 1031,  -12,  225,  228,  300,  -40,  -45,
- /*    10 */   243,  256,  293,  129,  218,  418,   79,  376,  433,  298,
- /*    20 */    16,  137,  367,  323,  -38,  391, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*    30 */  -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*    40 */  -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*    50 */  -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,  374,  437,
- /*    60 */   443,  508,  513,  522,  532,  582,  584,  620,  633,  635,
- /*    70 */   637,  644,  646,  648,  650,  652,  659,  661,  696,  709,
- /*    80 */   711,  714,  720,  722,  724,  726,  728,  733,  772,  784,
- /*    90 */   786,  822,  834,  836,  884,  886,  922,  934,  936,  986,
- /*   100 */   989, 1008, 1016, 1018, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173, -173,
- /*   110 */  -173, -173, -173,  544,  -37,  274,  299,  501,  161, -173,
- /*   120 */   193, -173, -173, -173, -173,   22,   22,   22,   64,  141,
- /*   130 */   212,  342,  208,  504,  504,  132,  494,  606,  677,  678,
- /*   140 */   750,  794,  796,  -58,   32,  383,  660,  737,  386,  787,
- /*   150 */   800,  441,  872,  224,  850,  803,  949,  624,  830,  669,
- /*   160 */   961,  979,  983, 1011, 1013, 1032,  753,  789,  321,   94,
- /*   170 */   116,  304,  375,  210,  388,  392,  478,  545,  649,  721,
- /*   180 */   727,  736,  752,  795,  853,  952,  958, 1004, 1040, 1046,
- /*   190 */  1049, 1050, 1056, 1059, 1067,  559,  774,  811, 1068, 1080,
- /*   200 */   938, 1082, 1083, 1088,  962, 1089, 1090, 1052, 1093, 1094,
- /*   210 */  1095,  388, 1096, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106, 1107,  965,  998,
- /*   220 */  1055, 1057, 1058,  938, 1069, 1071, 1120, 1073, 1061, 1062,
- /*   230 */  1033, 1076, 1039, 1108, 1087, 1099, 1111, 1066, 1054, 1112,
- /*   240 */  1113, 1091, 1084, 1135, 1060, 1133, 1138, 1064, 1081, 1139,
- /*   250 */  1100, 1119, 1109, 1124, 1127, 1140, 1142, 1168, 1173, 1132,
- /*   260 */  1115, 1147, 1148, 1137, 1180, 1182, 1110, 1121, 1188, 1189,
- /*   270 */  1197, 1181, 1200, 1202, 1205, 1203, 1191, 1192, 1199, 1206,
- /*   280 */  1207, 1209, 1210, 1211, 1214, 1212, 1218, 1219, 1175, 1183,
- /*   290 */  1185, 1184, 1186, 1190, 1187, 1196, 1237, 1193, 1253, 1194,
- /*   300 */  1236, 1195, 1198, 1238, 1213, 1221, 1220, 1227, 1229, 1271,
- /*   310 */  1275, 1284, 1285, 1289, 1290, 1292, 1293, 1201, 1208, 1216,
- /*   320 */  1280, 1281, 1264, 1269, 1283,
+ /*     0 */  -144, -139, -134, -136, -141,   64,  114,  116, -158, -148,
+ /*    10 */  -217,   96,  819,  871,  878,  219,  270,  886,  272, -110,
+ /*    20 */   413,  918,  972,  228, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*    30 */  -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*    40 */  -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*    50 */  -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,   62,  323,  377,  536,
+ /*    60 */   539,  834,  948, 1020, 1024, 1031, 1039, 1048, 1050, 1063,
+ /*    70 */  1065, 1068, 1074, 1080, 1083, 1088, 1091, 1094, 1097, 1099,
+ /*    80 */  1103, 1106, 1111, 1114, 1122, 1126, 1129, 1131, 1137, 1139,
+ /*    90 */  1141, 1145, 1149, 1154, 1156, 1164, 1168, 1173, 1180, 1184,
+ /*   100 */  1187, 1192, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214, -214,
+ /*   110 */  -214,  132,  -45,   97,    8,  164,  379,  175,  255, -214,
+ /*   120 */   178, -214, -214, -214, -214, -168, -168, -168,  124,  329,
+ /*   130 */   399,  401, -129,  347,  347,  331,  133,  451,  452,  498,
+ /*   140 */   500,  502,  503,  505,  487,  506,  488,  490,  507,  543,
+ /*   150 */   547, -126,  588,  290,   27,  572,  501,  597,  537,  582,
+ /*   160 */   183,  599,  600,  601,  649,  650,  653,  508,  538,  -29,
+ /*   170 */  -156, -152, -137,  -79,  135,   74,  130,  242,  338,  378,
+ /*   180 */   393,  397,  607,  648,  691,  700,  708,  709,  728,  757,
+ /*   190 */   763,  769,  796,  810,  818,  845,  202,  748,  792,  861,
+ /*   200 */   862,  815,  866,  903,  905,  850,  931,  932,  896,  937,
+ /*   210 */   939,  945,   74,  949,  951,  964,  965,  967,  968,  888,
+ /*   220 */   820,  923,  926,  959,  960,  815,  980,  908, 1009,  985,
+ /*   230 */   986,  970,  974,  942,  988,  947, 1018, 1011, 1022, 1025,
+ /*   240 */   991,  982, 1032, 1038, 1015, 1019, 1064,  984, 1071, 1072,
+ /*   250 */   992,  993, 1085, 1061, 1069, 1067, 1093, 1116, 1124, 1128,
+ /*   260 */  1133, 1132, 1138, 1086, 1136, 1143, 1146, 1175, 1166, 1108,
+ /*   270 */  1113, 1193, 1196, 1201, 1178, 1203, 1205, 1208, 1206, 1190,
+ /*   280 */  1195, 1197, 1199, 1194, 1200, 1204, 1207, 1210, 1211, 1212,
+ /*   290 */  1213, 1159, 1167, 1169, 1174, 1172, 1176, 1179, 1177, 1222,
+ /*   300 */  1170, 1232, 1171, 1221, 1181, 1182, 1223, 1202, 1214, 1216,
+ /*   310 */  1215, 1219, 1245, 1249, 1261, 1262, 1266, 1271, 1275, 1183,
+ /*   320 */  1185, 1189, 1258, 1253, 1254, 1256, 1259, 1263, 1252, 1255,
+ /*   330 */  1268, 1269, 1270, 1278, 1264,
 };
 static const YYACTIONTYPE yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */  1280, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1202, 1202, 1202, 1202, 1270, 1096,
- /*    10 */  1125, 1125, 1254, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1201,
- /*    20 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1270, 1100, 1131, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    30 */  1332, 1203, 1204, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1253, 1255, 1141, 1140,
- /*    40 */  1139, 1138, 1236, 1112, 1136, 1129, 1133, 1203, 1197, 1198,
- /*    50 */  1196, 1200, 1204, 1332, 1132, 1167, 1181, 1166, 1332, 1332,
- /*    60 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    70 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    80 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*    90 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   100 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1175, 1180, 1187, 1179, 1176, 1169,
- /*   110 */  1168, 1170, 1171, 1332, 1019, 1067, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1172,
- /*   120 */  1332, 1173, 1184, 1183, 1182, 1261, 1288, 1287, 1332, 1332,
- /*   130 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   140 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   150 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1280, 1270, 1025, 1025, 1332,
- /*   160 */  1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1270, 1266, 1100, 1091, 1332,
- /*   170 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   180 */  1258, 1256, 1332, 1217, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   190 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   200 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1096, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   210 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1282, 1332, 1231,
- /*   220 */  1096, 1096, 1096, 1098, 1080, 1090, 1004, 1135, 1114, 1114,
- /*   230 */  1321, 1135, 1321, 1042, 1302, 1039, 1125, 1114, 1199, 1125,
- /*   240 */  1125, 1097, 1090, 1332, 1324, 1105, 1105, 1323, 1323, 1105,
- /*   250 */  1146, 1070, 1135, 1076, 1076, 1076, 1076, 1105, 1016, 1135,
- /*   260 */  1146, 1070, 1070, 1135, 1105, 1016, 1235, 1318, 1105, 1105,
- /*   270 */  1016, 1210, 1105, 1016, 1105, 1016, 1210, 1068, 1068, 1068,
- /*   280 */  1057, 1210, 1068, 1042, 1068, 1057, 1068, 1068, 1118, 1113,
- /*   290 */  1118, 1113, 1118, 1113, 1118, 1113, 1105, 1205, 1105, 1332,
- /*   300 */  1210, 1214, 1214, 1210, 1130, 1119, 1128, 1126, 1135, 1022,
- /*   310 */  1060, 1285, 1285, 1281, 1281, 1281, 1281, 1329, 1329, 1266,
- /*   320 */  1297, 1297, 1044, 1044, 1297, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   330 */  1332, 1292, 1332, 1219, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   340 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   350 */  1332, 1332, 1152, 1332, 1000, 1263, 1332, 1332, 1262, 1332,
- /*   360 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   370 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1320,
- /*   380 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1234, 1233, 1332, 1332,
- /*   390 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   400 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   410 */  1332, 1082, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1306, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332,
- /*   420 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1127, 1332, 1120, 1332, 1332, 1311, 1332,
- /*   430 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1272,
- /*   440 */  1332, 1332, 1332, 1271, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1332, 1154,
- /*   450 */  1332, 1153, 1157, 1332, 1010, 1332,
+ /*     0 */  1286, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1209, 1209, 1209, 1209, 1133, 1133,
+ /*    10 */  1260, 1036, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1208, 1005,
+ /*    20 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1108, 1139, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1210,
+ /*    30 */  1211, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1259, 1261, 1149, 1148, 1147, 1146,
+ /*    40 */  1242, 1120, 1144, 1137, 1141, 1210, 1204, 1205, 1203, 1207,
+ /*    50 */  1211, 1005, 1140, 1174, 1188, 1173, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    60 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    70 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    80 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*    90 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   100 */  1005, 1005, 1182, 1187, 1194, 1186, 1183, 1176, 1175, 1177,
+ /*   110 */  1178, 1005, 1026, 1075, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1276, 1036, 1179,
+ /*   120 */  1005, 1180, 1191, 1190, 1189, 1267, 1294, 1293, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   130 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   140 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   150 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1036, 1286, 1276, 1032, 1032,
+ /*   160 */  1005, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1276, 1272, 1108, 1099,
+ /*   170 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   180 */  1005, 1264, 1262, 1005, 1224, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   190 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   200 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1104, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   210 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1288, 1005,
+ /*   220 */  1237, 1104, 1104, 1104, 1104, 1106, 1088, 1098, 1036, 1012,
+ /*   230 */  1143, 1122, 1122, 1327, 1143, 1327, 1050, 1308, 1047, 1133,
+ /*   240 */  1122, 1206, 1133, 1133, 1105, 1098, 1005, 1330, 1113, 1113,
+ /*   250 */  1329, 1329, 1113, 1154, 1078, 1143, 1084, 1084, 1084, 1084,
+ /*   260 */  1113, 1023, 1143, 1154, 1078, 1078, 1143, 1113, 1023, 1241,
+ /*   270 */  1324, 1113, 1113, 1023, 1217, 1113, 1023, 1113, 1023, 1217,
+ /*   280 */  1076, 1076, 1076, 1065, 1217, 1076, 1050, 1076, 1065, 1076,
+ /*   290 */  1076, 1126, 1121, 1126, 1121, 1126, 1121, 1126, 1121, 1113,
+ /*   300 */  1212, 1113, 1005, 1217, 1221, 1221, 1217, 1138, 1127, 1136,
+ /*   310 */  1134, 1143, 1029, 1068, 1291, 1291, 1287, 1287, 1287, 1335,
+ /*   320 */  1335, 1272, 1303, 1036, 1036, 1036, 1036, 1303, 1052, 1052,
+ /*   330 */  1036, 1036, 1036, 1036, 1303, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   340 */  1005, 1298, 1005, 1226, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   350 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   360 */  1005, 1005, 1159, 1005, 1008, 1269, 1005, 1005, 1268, 1005,
+ /*   370 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   380 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1326,
+ /*   390 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1240, 1239, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   400 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   410 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   420 */  1005, 1090, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1312, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005,
+ /*   430 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1135, 1005, 1128, 1005, 1005, 1317, 1005,
+ /*   440 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1278,
+ /*   450 */  1005, 1005, 1005, 1277, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1005, 1161,
+ /*   460 */  1005, 1160, 1164, 1005, 1017, 1005,
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
@@ -136456,73 +138929,87 @@
 static const YYCODETYPE yyFallback[] = {
     0,  /*          $ => nothing */
     0,  /*       SEMI => nothing */
-   27,  /*    EXPLAIN => ID */
-   27,  /*      QUERY => ID */
-   27,  /*       PLAN => ID */
-   27,  /*      BEGIN => ID */
+   59,  /*    EXPLAIN => ID */
+   59,  /*      QUERY => ID */
+   59,  /*       PLAN => ID */
+   59,  /*      BEGIN => ID */
     0,  /* TRANSACTION => nothing */
-   27,  /*   DEFERRED => ID */
-   27,  /*  IMMEDIATE => ID */
-   27,  /*  EXCLUSIVE => ID */
+   59,  /*   DEFERRED => ID */
+   59,  /*  IMMEDIATE => ID */
+   59,  /*  EXCLUSIVE => ID */
     0,  /*     COMMIT => nothing */
-   27,  /*        END => ID */
-   27,  /*   ROLLBACK => ID */
-   27,  /*  SAVEPOINT => ID */
-   27,  /*    RELEASE => ID */
+   59,  /*        END => ID */
+   59,  /*   ROLLBACK => ID */
+   59,  /*  SAVEPOINT => ID */
+   59,  /*    RELEASE => ID */
     0,  /*         TO => nothing */
     0,  /*      TABLE => nothing */
     0,  /*     CREATE => nothing */
-   27,  /*         IF => ID */
+   59,  /*         IF => ID */
     0,  /*        NOT => nothing */
     0,  /*     EXISTS => nothing */
-   27,  /*       TEMP => ID */
+   59,  /*       TEMP => ID */
     0,  /*         LP => nothing */
     0,  /*         RP => nothing */
     0,  /*         AS => nothing */
-   27,  /*    WITHOUT => ID */
+   59,  /*    WITHOUT => ID */
     0,  /*      COMMA => nothing */
+   59,  /*      ABORT => ID */
+   59,  /*     ACTION => ID */
+   59,  /*      AFTER => ID */
+   59,  /*    ANALYZE => ID */
+   59,  /*        ASC => ID */
+   59,  /*     ATTACH => ID */
+   59,  /*     BEFORE => ID */
+   59,  /*         BY => ID */
+   59,  /*    CASCADE => ID */
+   59,  /*       CAST => ID */
+   59,  /*   CONFLICT => ID */
+   59,  /*   DATABASE => ID */
+   59,  /*       DESC => ID */
+   59,  /*     DETACH => ID */
+   59,  /*       EACH => ID */
+   59,  /*       FAIL => ID */
+    0,  /*         OR => nothing */
+    0,  /*        AND => nothing */
+    0,  /*         IS => nothing */
+   59,  /*      MATCH => ID */
+   59,  /*    LIKE_KW => ID */
+    0,  /*    BETWEEN => nothing */
+    0,  /*         IN => nothing */
+    0,  /*     ISNULL => nothing */
+    0,  /*    NOTNULL => nothing */
+    0,  /*         NE => nothing */
+    0,  /*         EQ => nothing */
+    0,  /*         GT => nothing */
+    0,  /*         LE => nothing */
+    0,  /*         LT => nothing */
+    0,  /*         GE => nothing */
+    0,  /*     ESCAPE => nothing */
     0,  /*         ID => nothing */
-   27,  /*      ABORT => ID */
-   27,  /*     ACTION => ID */
-   27,  /*      AFTER => ID */
-   27,  /*    ANALYZE => ID */
-   27,  /*        ASC => ID */
-   27,  /*     ATTACH => ID */
-   27,  /*     BEFORE => ID */
-   27,  /*         BY => ID */
-   27,  /*    CASCADE => ID */
-   27,  /*       CAST => ID */
-   27,  /*   COLUMNKW => ID */
-   27,  /*   CONFLICT => ID */
-   27,  /*   DATABASE => ID */
-   27,  /*       DESC => ID */
-   27,  /*     DETACH => ID */
-   27,  /*       EACH => ID */
-   27,  /*       FAIL => ID */
-   27,  /*        FOR => ID */
-   27,  /*     IGNORE => ID */
-   27,  /*  INITIALLY => ID */
-   27,  /*    INSTEAD => ID */
-   27,  /*    LIKE_KW => ID */
-   27,  /*      MATCH => ID */
-   27,  /*         NO => ID */
-   27,  /*        KEY => ID */
-   27,  /*         OF => ID */
-   27,  /*     OFFSET => ID */
-   27,  /*     PRAGMA => ID */
-   27,  /*      RAISE => ID */
-   27,  /*  RECURSIVE => ID */
-   27,  /*    REPLACE => ID */
-   27,  /*   RESTRICT => ID */
-   27,  /*        ROW => ID */
-   27,  /*    TRIGGER => ID */
-   27,  /*     VACUUM => ID */
-   27,  /*       VIEW => ID */
-   27,  /*    VIRTUAL => ID */
-   27,  /*       WITH => ID */
-   27,  /*    REINDEX => ID */
-   27,  /*     RENAME => ID */
-   27,  /*   CTIME_KW => ID */
+   59,  /*   COLUMNKW => ID */
+   59,  /*        FOR => ID */
+   59,  /*     IGNORE => ID */
+   59,  /*  INITIALLY => ID */
+   59,  /*    INSTEAD => ID */
+   59,  /*         NO => ID */
+   59,  /*        KEY => ID */
+   59,  /*         OF => ID */
+   59,  /*     OFFSET => ID */
+   59,  /*     PRAGMA => ID */
+   59,  /*      RAISE => ID */
+   59,  /*  RECURSIVE => ID */
+   59,  /*    REPLACE => ID */
+   59,  /*   RESTRICT => ID */
+   59,  /*        ROW => ID */
+   59,  /*    TRIGGER => ID */
+   59,  /*     VACUUM => ID */
+   59,  /*       VIEW => ID */
+   59,  /*    VIRTUAL => ID */
+   59,  /*       WITH => ID */
+   59,  /*    REINDEX => ID */
+   59,  /*     RENAME => ID */
+   59,  /*   CTIME_KW => ID */
 };
 #endif /* YYFALLBACK */
 
@@ -136568,6 +139055,7 @@
   yyStackEntry yystk0;          /* First stack entry */
 #else
   yyStackEntry yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
+  yyStackEntry *yystackEnd;            /* Last entry in the stack */
 #endif
 };
 typedef struct yyParser yyParser;
@@ -136604,75 +139092,264 @@
 }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG)
 /* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
 ** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
 static const char *const yyTokenName[] = { 
-  "$",             "SEMI",          "EXPLAIN",       "QUERY",       
-  "PLAN",          "BEGIN",         "TRANSACTION",   "DEFERRED",    
-  "IMMEDIATE",     "EXCLUSIVE",     "COMMIT",        "END",         
-  "ROLLBACK",      "SAVEPOINT",     "RELEASE",       "TO",          
-  "TABLE",         "CREATE",        "IF",            "NOT",         
-  "EXISTS",        "TEMP",          "LP",            "RP",          
-  "AS",            "WITHOUT",       "COMMA",         "ID",          
-  "ABORT",         "ACTION",        "AFTER",         "ANALYZE",     
-  "ASC",           "ATTACH",        "BEFORE",        "BY",          
-  "CASCADE",       "CAST",          "COLUMNKW",      "CONFLICT",    
-  "DATABASE",      "DESC",          "DETACH",        "EACH",        
-  "FAIL",          "FOR",           "IGNORE",        "INITIALLY",   
-  "INSTEAD",       "LIKE_KW",       "MATCH",         "NO",          
-  "KEY",           "OF",            "OFFSET",        "PRAGMA",      
-  "RAISE",         "RECURSIVE",     "REPLACE",       "RESTRICT",    
-  "ROW",           "TRIGGER",       "VACUUM",        "VIEW",        
-  "VIRTUAL",       "WITH",          "REINDEX",       "RENAME",      
-  "CTIME_KW",      "ANY",           "OR",            "AND",         
-  "IS",            "BETWEEN",       "IN",            "ISNULL",      
-  "NOTNULL",       "NE",            "EQ",            "GT",          
-  "LE",            "LT",            "GE",            "ESCAPE",      
-  "BITAND",        "BITOR",         "LSHIFT",        "RSHIFT",      
-  "PLUS",          "MINUS",         "STAR",          "SLASH",       
-  "REM",           "CONCAT",        "COLLATE",       "BITNOT",      
-  "INDEXED",       "STRING",        "JOIN_KW",       "CONSTRAINT",  
-  "DEFAULT",       "NULL",          "PRIMARY",       "UNIQUE",      
-  "CHECK",         "REFERENCES",    "AUTOINCR",      "ON",          
-  "INSERT",        "DELETE",        "UPDATE",        "SET",         
-  "DEFERRABLE",    "FOREIGN",       "DROP",          "UNION",       
-  "ALL",           "EXCEPT",        "INTERSECT",     "SELECT",      
-  "VALUES",        "DISTINCT",      "DOT",           "FROM",        
-  "JOIN",          "USING",         "ORDER",         "GROUP",       
-  "HAVING",        "LIMIT",         "WHERE",         "INTO",        
-  "FLOAT",         "BLOB",          "INTEGER",       "VARIABLE",    
-  "CASE",          "WHEN",          "THEN",          "ELSE",        
-  "INDEX",         "ALTER",         "ADD",           "error",       
-  "input",         "cmdlist",       "ecmd",          "explain",     
-  "cmdx",          "cmd",           "transtype",     "trans_opt",   
-  "nm",            "savepoint_opt",  "create_table",  "create_table_args",
-  "createkw",      "temp",          "ifnotexists",   "dbnm",        
-  "columnlist",    "conslist_opt",  "table_options",  "select",      
-  "columnname",    "carglist",      "typetoken",     "typename",    
-  "signed",        "plus_num",      "minus_num",     "ccons",       
-  "term",          "expr",          "onconf",        "sortorder",   
-  "autoinc",       "eidlist_opt",   "refargs",       "defer_subclause",
-  "refarg",        "refact",        "init_deferred_pred_opt",  "conslist",    
-  "tconscomma",    "tcons",         "sortlist",      "eidlist",     
-  "defer_subclause_opt",  "orconf",        "resolvetype",   "raisetype",   
-  "ifexists",      "fullname",      "selectnowith",  "oneselect",   
-  "with",          "multiselect_op",  "distinct",      "selcollist",  
-  "from",          "where_opt",     "groupby_opt",   "having_opt",  
-  "orderby_opt",   "limit_opt",     "values",        "nexprlist",   
-  "exprlist",      "sclp",          "as",            "seltablist",  
-  "stl_prefix",    "joinop",        "indexed_opt",   "on_opt",      
-  "using_opt",     "idlist",        "setlist",       "insert_cmd",  
-  "idlist_opt",    "likeop",        "between_op",    "in_op",       
-  "paren_exprlist",  "case_operand",  "case_exprlist",  "case_else",   
-  "uniqueflag",    "collate",       "nmnum",         "trigger_decl",
-  "trigger_cmd_list",  "trigger_time",  "trigger_event",  "foreach_clause",
-  "when_clause",   "trigger_cmd",   "trnm",          "tridxby",     
-  "database_kw_opt",  "key_opt",       "add_column_fullname",  "kwcolumn_opt",
-  "create_vtab",   "vtabarglist",   "vtabarg",       "vtabargtoken",
-  "lp",            "anylist",       "wqlist",      
+  /*    0 */ "$",
+  /*    1 */ "SEMI",
+  /*    2 */ "EXPLAIN",
+  /*    3 */ "QUERY",
+  /*    4 */ "PLAN",
+  /*    5 */ "BEGIN",
+  /*    6 */ "TRANSACTION",
+  /*    7 */ "DEFERRED",
+  /*    8 */ "IMMEDIATE",
+  /*    9 */ "EXCLUSIVE",
+  /*   10 */ "COMMIT",
+  /*   11 */ "END",
+  /*   12 */ "ROLLBACK",
+  /*   13 */ "SAVEPOINT",
+  /*   14 */ "RELEASE",
+  /*   15 */ "TO",
+  /*   16 */ "TABLE",
+  /*   17 */ "CREATE",
+  /*   18 */ "IF",
+  /*   19 */ "NOT",
+  /*   20 */ "EXISTS",
+  /*   21 */ "TEMP",
+  /*   22 */ "LP",
+  /*   23 */ "RP",
+  /*   24 */ "AS",
+  /*   25 */ "WITHOUT",
+  /*   26 */ "COMMA",
+  /*   27 */ "ABORT",
+  /*   28 */ "ACTION",
+  /*   29 */ "AFTER",
+  /*   30 */ "ANALYZE",
+  /*   31 */ "ASC",
+  /*   32 */ "ATTACH",
+  /*   33 */ "BEFORE",
+  /*   34 */ "BY",
+  /*   35 */ "CASCADE",
+  /*   36 */ "CAST",
+  /*   37 */ "CONFLICT",
+  /*   38 */ "DATABASE",
+  /*   39 */ "DESC",
+  /*   40 */ "DETACH",
+  /*   41 */ "EACH",
+  /*   42 */ "FAIL",
+  /*   43 */ "OR",
+  /*   44 */ "AND",
+  /*   45 */ "IS",
+  /*   46 */ "MATCH",
+  /*   47 */ "LIKE_KW",
+  /*   48 */ "BETWEEN",
+  /*   49 */ "IN",
+  /*   50 */ "ISNULL",
+  /*   51 */ "NOTNULL",
+  /*   52 */ "NE",
+  /*   53 */ "EQ",
+  /*   54 */ "GT",
+  /*   55 */ "LE",
+  /*   56 */ "LT",
+  /*   57 */ "GE",
+  /*   58 */ "ESCAPE",
+  /*   59 */ "ID",
+  /*   60 */ "COLUMNKW",
+  /*   61 */ "FOR",
+  /*   62 */ "IGNORE",
+  /*   63 */ "INITIALLY",
+  /*   64 */ "INSTEAD",
+  /*   65 */ "NO",
+  /*   66 */ "KEY",
+  /*   67 */ "OF",
+  /*   68 */ "OFFSET",
+  /*   69 */ "PRAGMA",
+  /*   70 */ "RAISE",
+  /*   71 */ "RECURSIVE",
+  /*   72 */ "REPLACE",
+  /*   73 */ "RESTRICT",
+  /*   74 */ "ROW",
+  /*   75 */ "TRIGGER",
+  /*   76 */ "VACUUM",
+  /*   77 */ "VIEW",
+  /*   78 */ "VIRTUAL",
+  /*   79 */ "WITH",
+  /*   80 */ "REINDEX",
+  /*   81 */ "RENAME",
+  /*   82 */ "CTIME_KW",
+  /*   83 */ "ANY",
+  /*   84 */ "BITAND",
+  /*   85 */ "BITOR",
+  /*   86 */ "LSHIFT",
+  /*   87 */ "RSHIFT",
+  /*   88 */ "PLUS",
+  /*   89 */ "MINUS",
+  /*   90 */ "STAR",
+  /*   91 */ "SLASH",
+  /*   92 */ "REM",
+  /*   93 */ "CONCAT",
+  /*   94 */ "COLLATE",
+  /*   95 */ "BITNOT",
+  /*   96 */ "INDEXED",
+  /*   97 */ "STRING",
+  /*   98 */ "JOIN_KW",
+  /*   99 */ "CONSTRAINT",
+  /*  100 */ "DEFAULT",
+  /*  101 */ "NULL",
+  /*  102 */ "PRIMARY",
+  /*  103 */ "UNIQUE",
+  /*  104 */ "CHECK",
+  /*  105 */ "REFERENCES",
+  /*  106 */ "AUTOINCR",
+  /*  107 */ "ON",
+  /*  108 */ "INSERT",
+  /*  109 */ "DELETE",
+  /*  110 */ "UPDATE",
+  /*  111 */ "SET",
+  /*  112 */ "DEFERRABLE",
+  /*  113 */ "FOREIGN",
+  /*  114 */ "DROP",
+  /*  115 */ "UNION",
+  /*  116 */ "ALL",
+  /*  117 */ "EXCEPT",
+  /*  118 */ "INTERSECT",
+  /*  119 */ "SELECT",
+  /*  120 */ "VALUES",
+  /*  121 */ "DISTINCT",
+  /*  122 */ "DOT",
+  /*  123 */ "FROM",
+  /*  124 */ "JOIN",
+  /*  125 */ "USING",
+  /*  126 */ "ORDER",
+  /*  127 */ "GROUP",
+  /*  128 */ "HAVING",
+  /*  129 */ "LIMIT",
+  /*  130 */ "WHERE",
+  /*  131 */ "INTO",
+  /*  132 */ "FLOAT",
+  /*  133 */ "BLOB",
+  /*  134 */ "INTEGER",
+  /*  135 */ "VARIABLE",
+  /*  136 */ "CASE",
+  /*  137 */ "WHEN",
+  /*  138 */ "THEN",
+  /*  139 */ "ELSE",
+  /*  140 */ "INDEX",
+  /*  141 */ "ALTER",
+  /*  142 */ "ADD",
+  /*  143 */ "error",
+  /*  144 */ "input",
+  /*  145 */ "cmdlist",
+  /*  146 */ "ecmd",
+  /*  147 */ "explain",
+  /*  148 */ "cmdx",
+  /*  149 */ "cmd",
+  /*  150 */ "transtype",
+  /*  151 */ "trans_opt",
+  /*  152 */ "nm",
+  /*  153 */ "savepoint_opt",
+  /*  154 */ "create_table",
+  /*  155 */ "create_table_args",
+  /*  156 */ "createkw",
+  /*  157 */ "temp",
+  /*  158 */ "ifnotexists",
+  /*  159 */ "dbnm",
+  /*  160 */ "columnlist",
+  /*  161 */ "conslist_opt",
+  /*  162 */ "table_options",
+  /*  163 */ "select",
+  /*  164 */ "columnname",
+  /*  165 */ "carglist",
+  /*  166 */ "typetoken",
+  /*  167 */ "typename",
+  /*  168 */ "signed",
+  /*  169 */ "plus_num",
+  /*  170 */ "minus_num",
+  /*  171 */ "scanpt",
+  /*  172 */ "ccons",
+  /*  173 */ "term",
+  /*  174 */ "expr",
+  /*  175 */ "onconf",
+  /*  176 */ "sortorder",
+  /*  177 */ "autoinc",
+  /*  178 */ "eidlist_opt",
+  /*  179 */ "refargs",
+  /*  180 */ "defer_subclause",
+  /*  181 */ "refarg",
+  /*  182 */ "refact",
+  /*  183 */ "init_deferred_pred_opt",
+  /*  184 */ "conslist",
+  /*  185 */ "tconscomma",
+  /*  186 */ "tcons",
+  /*  187 */ "sortlist",
+  /*  188 */ "eidlist",
+  /*  189 */ "defer_subclause_opt",
+  /*  190 */ "orconf",
+  /*  191 */ "resolvetype",
+  /*  192 */ "raisetype",
+  /*  193 */ "ifexists",
+  /*  194 */ "fullname",
+  /*  195 */ "selectnowith",
+  /*  196 */ "oneselect",
+  /*  197 */ "with",
+  /*  198 */ "multiselect_op",
+  /*  199 */ "distinct",
+  /*  200 */ "selcollist",
+  /*  201 */ "from",
+  /*  202 */ "where_opt",
+  /*  203 */ "groupby_opt",
+  /*  204 */ "having_opt",
+  /*  205 */ "orderby_opt",
+  /*  206 */ "limit_opt",
+  /*  207 */ "values",
+  /*  208 */ "nexprlist",
+  /*  209 */ "exprlist",
+  /*  210 */ "sclp",
+  /*  211 */ "as",
+  /*  212 */ "seltablist",
+  /*  213 */ "stl_prefix",
+  /*  214 */ "joinop",
+  /*  215 */ "indexed_opt",
+  /*  216 */ "on_opt",
+  /*  217 */ "using_opt",
+  /*  218 */ "idlist",
+  /*  219 */ "setlist",
+  /*  220 */ "insert_cmd",
+  /*  221 */ "idlist_opt",
+  /*  222 */ "likeop",
+  /*  223 */ "between_op",
+  /*  224 */ "in_op",
+  /*  225 */ "paren_exprlist",
+  /*  226 */ "case_operand",
+  /*  227 */ "case_exprlist",
+  /*  228 */ "case_else",
+  /*  229 */ "uniqueflag",
+  /*  230 */ "collate",
+  /*  231 */ "nmnum",
+  /*  232 */ "trigger_decl",
+  /*  233 */ "trigger_cmd_list",
+  /*  234 */ "trigger_time",
+  /*  235 */ "trigger_event",
+  /*  236 */ "foreach_clause",
+  /*  237 */ "when_clause",
+  /*  238 */ "trigger_cmd",
+  /*  239 */ "trnm",
+  /*  240 */ "tridxby",
+  /*  241 */ "database_kw_opt",
+  /*  242 */ "key_opt",
+  /*  243 */ "add_column_fullname",
+  /*  244 */ "kwcolumn_opt",
+  /*  245 */ "create_vtab",
+  /*  246 */ "vtabarglist",
+  /*  247 */ "vtabarg",
+  /*  248 */ "vtabargtoken",
+  /*  249 */ "lp",
+  /*  250 */ "anylist",
+  /*  251 */ "wqlist",
 };
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
+#endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG) */
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /* For tracing reduce actions, the names of all rules are required.
@@ -136686,33 +139363,33 @@
  /*   5 */ "transtype ::= DEFERRED",
  /*   6 */ "transtype ::= IMMEDIATE",
  /*   7 */ "transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE",
- /*   8 */ "cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt",
- /*   9 */ "cmd ::= END trans_opt",
- /*  10 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt",
- /*  11 */ "cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm",
- /*  12 */ "cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm",
- /*  13 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm",
- /*  14 */ "create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm",
- /*  15 */ "createkw ::= CREATE",
- /*  16 */ "ifnotexists ::=",
- /*  17 */ "ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS",
- /*  18 */ "temp ::= TEMP",
- /*  19 */ "temp ::=",
- /*  20 */ "create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options",
- /*  21 */ "create_table_args ::= AS select",
- /*  22 */ "table_options ::=",
- /*  23 */ "table_options ::= WITHOUT nm",
- /*  24 */ "columnname ::= nm typetoken",
- /*  25 */ "typetoken ::=",
- /*  26 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP",
- /*  27 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP",
- /*  28 */ "typename ::= typename ID|STRING",
+ /*   8 */ "cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt",
+ /*   9 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt",
+ /*  10 */ "cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm",
+ /*  11 */ "cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm",
+ /*  12 */ "cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm",
+ /*  13 */ "create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm",
+ /*  14 */ "createkw ::= CREATE",
+ /*  15 */ "ifnotexists ::=",
+ /*  16 */ "ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS",
+ /*  17 */ "temp ::= TEMP",
+ /*  18 */ "temp ::=",
+ /*  19 */ "create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options",
+ /*  20 */ "create_table_args ::= AS select",
+ /*  21 */ "table_options ::=",
+ /*  22 */ "table_options ::= WITHOUT nm",
+ /*  23 */ "columnname ::= nm typetoken",
+ /*  24 */ "typetoken ::=",
+ /*  25 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP",
+ /*  26 */ "typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP",
+ /*  27 */ "typename ::= typename ID|STRING",
+ /*  28 */ "scanpt ::=",
  /*  29 */ "ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm",
- /*  30 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT term",
+ /*  30 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt",
  /*  31 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP",
- /*  32 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term",
- /*  33 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term",
- /*  34 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT ID|INDEXED",
+ /*  32 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt",
+ /*  33 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt",
+ /*  34 */ "ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED",
  /*  35 */ "ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf",
  /*  36 */ "ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc",
  /*  37 */ "ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf",
@@ -136770,9 +139447,9 @@
  /*  89 */ "distinct ::= ALL",
  /*  90 */ "distinct ::=",
  /*  91 */ "sclp ::=",
- /*  92 */ "selcollist ::= sclp expr as",
- /*  93 */ "selcollist ::= sclp STAR",
- /*  94 */ "selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR",
+ /*  92 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as",
+ /*  93 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR",
+ /*  94 */ "selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR",
  /*  95 */ "as ::= AS nm",
  /*  96 */ "as ::=",
  /*  97 */ "from ::=",
@@ -136829,187 +139506,185 @@
  /* 148 */ "idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm",
  /* 149 */ "idlist ::= nm",
  /* 150 */ "expr ::= LP expr RP",
- /* 151 */ "term ::= NULL",
- /* 152 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED",
- /* 153 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 154 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 155 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
- /* 156 */ "term ::= FLOAT|BLOB",
- /* 157 */ "term ::= STRING",
- /* 158 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
- /* 159 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
- /* 160 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 161 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
- /* 162 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP",
- /* 163 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP",
- /* 164 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
- /* 165 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
- /* 166 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
- /* 167 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
- /* 168 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
- /* 169 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
- /* 170 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
- /* 171 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
- /* 172 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
- /* 173 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
- /* 174 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 175 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
- /* 176 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
- /* 177 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
- /* 178 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
- /* 179 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
- /* 180 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
- /* 181 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
- /* 182 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
- /* 183 */ "expr ::= MINUS expr",
- /* 184 */ "expr ::= PLUS expr",
- /* 185 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
- /* 186 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
- /* 187 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
- /* 188 */ "in_op ::= IN",
- /* 189 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
- /* 190 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
- /* 191 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
- /* 192 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
- /* 193 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
- /* 194 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
- /* 195 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
- /* 196 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 197 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
- /* 198 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
- /* 199 */ "case_else ::=",
- /* 200 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
- /* 201 */ "case_operand ::=",
- /* 202 */ "exprlist ::=",
- /* 203 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
- /* 204 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
- /* 205 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
- /* 206 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
- /* 207 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
- /* 208 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
- /* 209 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
- /* 210 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
- /* 211 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
- /* 212 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
- /* 213 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
- /* 214 */ "collate ::=",
- /* 215 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
- /* 216 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
- /* 217 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM",
- /* 218 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm",
- /* 219 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
- /* 220 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
- /* 221 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
- /* 222 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
- /* 223 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
- /* 224 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 225 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 226 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
- /* 227 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
- /* 228 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE",
- /* 229 */ "trigger_time ::= AFTER",
- /* 230 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
- /* 231 */ "trigger_time ::=",
- /* 232 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
- /* 233 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
- /* 234 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
- /* 235 */ "when_clause ::=",
- /* 236 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
- /* 237 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 238 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
- /* 239 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
- /* 240 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
- /* 241 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
- /* 242 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt",
- /* 243 */ "trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select",
- /* 244 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt",
- /* 245 */ "trigger_cmd ::= select",
- /* 246 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
- /* 247 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
- /* 248 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
- /* 249 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
- /* 250 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
- /* 251 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
- /* 252 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
- /* 253 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
- /* 254 */ "key_opt ::=",
- /* 255 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
- /* 256 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
- /* 257 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
- /* 258 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
- /* 259 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
- /* 260 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
- /* 261 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
- /* 262 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
- /* 263 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
- /* 264 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
- /* 265 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
- /* 266 */ "vtabarg ::=",
- /* 267 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
- /* 268 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
- /* 269 */ "lp ::= LP",
- /* 270 */ "with ::=",
- /* 271 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
- /* 272 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
- /* 273 */ "wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
- /* 274 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
- /* 275 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
- /* 276 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
- /* 277 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
- /* 278 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
- /* 279 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
- /* 280 */ "explain ::=",
- /* 281 */ "trans_opt ::=",
- /* 282 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
- /* 283 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
- /* 284 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
- /* 285 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
- /* 286 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
- /* 287 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
- /* 288 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
- /* 289 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED",
- /* 290 */ "nm ::= STRING",
- /* 291 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
- /* 292 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
- /* 293 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 294 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
- /* 295 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
- /* 296 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
- /* 297 */ "carglist ::=",
- /* 298 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
- /* 299 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
- /* 300 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
- /* 301 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
- /* 302 */ "tconscomma ::=",
- /* 303 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
- /* 304 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
- /* 305 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
- /* 306 */ "oneselect ::= values",
- /* 307 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
- /* 308 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
- /* 309 */ "expr ::= term",
- /* 310 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
- /* 311 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
- /* 312 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
- /* 313 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
- /* 314 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
- /* 315 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
- /* 316 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
- /* 317 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
- /* 318 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
- /* 319 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
- /* 320 */ "trnm ::= nm",
- /* 321 */ "tridxby ::=",
- /* 322 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
- /* 323 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
- /* 324 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
- /* 325 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
- /* 326 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
- /* 327 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
- /* 328 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
- /* 329 */ "anylist ::=",
- /* 330 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
- /* 331 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
+ /* 151 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED",
+ /* 152 */ "expr ::= JOIN_KW",
+ /* 153 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 154 */ "expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm",
+ /* 155 */ "term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB",
+ /* 156 */ "term ::= STRING",
+ /* 157 */ "term ::= INTEGER",
+ /* 158 */ "expr ::= VARIABLE",
+ /* 159 */ "expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 160 */ "expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP",
+ /* 161 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP",
+ /* 162 */ "expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP",
+ /* 163 */ "term ::= CTIME_KW",
+ /* 164 */ "expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP",
+ /* 165 */ "expr ::= expr AND expr",
+ /* 166 */ "expr ::= expr OR expr",
+ /* 167 */ "expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr",
+ /* 168 */ "expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr",
+ /* 169 */ "expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr",
+ /* 170 */ "expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr",
+ /* 171 */ "expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr",
+ /* 172 */ "expr ::= expr CONCAT expr",
+ /* 173 */ "likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 174 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr",
+ /* 175 */ "expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr",
+ /* 176 */ "expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL",
+ /* 177 */ "expr ::= expr NOT NULL",
+ /* 178 */ "expr ::= expr IS expr",
+ /* 179 */ "expr ::= expr IS NOT expr",
+ /* 180 */ "expr ::= NOT expr",
+ /* 181 */ "expr ::= BITNOT expr",
+ /* 182 */ "expr ::= MINUS expr",
+ /* 183 */ "expr ::= PLUS expr",
+ /* 184 */ "between_op ::= BETWEEN",
+ /* 185 */ "between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN",
+ /* 186 */ "expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr",
+ /* 187 */ "in_op ::= IN",
+ /* 188 */ "in_op ::= NOT IN",
+ /* 189 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 190 */ "expr ::= LP select RP",
+ /* 191 */ "expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP",
+ /* 192 */ "expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist",
+ /* 193 */ "expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP",
+ /* 194 */ "expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END",
+ /* 195 */ "case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 196 */ "case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr",
+ /* 197 */ "case_else ::= ELSE expr",
+ /* 198 */ "case_else ::=",
+ /* 199 */ "case_operand ::= expr",
+ /* 200 */ "case_operand ::=",
+ /* 201 */ "exprlist ::=",
+ /* 202 */ "nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr",
+ /* 203 */ "nexprlist ::= expr",
+ /* 204 */ "paren_exprlist ::=",
+ /* 205 */ "paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP",
+ /* 206 */ "cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt",
+ /* 207 */ "uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE",
+ /* 208 */ "uniqueflag ::=",
+ /* 209 */ "eidlist_opt ::=",
+ /* 210 */ "eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP",
+ /* 211 */ "eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 212 */ "eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder",
+ /* 213 */ "collate ::=",
+ /* 214 */ "collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING",
+ /* 215 */ "cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname",
+ /* 216 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM",
+ /* 217 */ "cmd ::= VACUUM nm",
+ /* 218 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm",
+ /* 219 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum",
+ /* 220 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP",
+ /* 221 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num",
+ /* 222 */ "cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP",
+ /* 223 */ "plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 224 */ "minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 225 */ "cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END",
+ /* 226 */ "trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause",
+ /* 227 */ "trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER",
+ /* 228 */ "trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF",
+ /* 229 */ "trigger_time ::=",
+ /* 230 */ "trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT",
+ /* 231 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE",
+ /* 232 */ "trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist",
+ /* 233 */ "when_clause ::=",
+ /* 234 */ "when_clause ::= WHEN expr",
+ /* 235 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 236 */ "trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI",
+ /* 237 */ "trnm ::= nm DOT nm",
+ /* 238 */ "tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm",
+ /* 239 */ "tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED",
+ /* 240 */ "trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 241 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select scanpt",
+ /* 242 */ "trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt",
+ /* 243 */ "trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt",
+ /* 244 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP",
+ /* 245 */ "expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP",
+ /* 246 */ "raisetype ::= ROLLBACK",
+ /* 247 */ "raisetype ::= ABORT",
+ /* 248 */ "raisetype ::= FAIL",
+ /* 249 */ "cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname",
+ /* 250 */ "cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt",
+ /* 251 */ "cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr",
+ /* 252 */ "key_opt ::=",
+ /* 253 */ "key_opt ::= KEY expr",
+ /* 254 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX",
+ /* 255 */ "cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm",
+ /* 256 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE",
+ /* 257 */ "cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm",
+ /* 258 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm",
+ /* 259 */ "cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist",
+ /* 260 */ "add_column_fullname ::= fullname",
+ /* 261 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab",
+ /* 262 */ "cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP",
+ /* 263 */ "create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm",
+ /* 264 */ "vtabarg ::=",
+ /* 265 */ "vtabargtoken ::= ANY",
+ /* 266 */ "vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP",
+ /* 267 */ "lp ::= LP",
+ /* 268 */ "with ::=",
+ /* 269 */ "with ::= WITH wqlist",
+ /* 270 */ "with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist",
+ /* 271 */ "wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
+ /* 272 */ "wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP",
+ /* 273 */ "input ::= cmdlist",
+ /* 274 */ "cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd",
+ /* 275 */ "cmdlist ::= ecmd",
+ /* 276 */ "ecmd ::= SEMI",
+ /* 277 */ "ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI",
+ /* 278 */ "explain ::=",
+ /* 279 */ "trans_opt ::=",
+ /* 280 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION",
+ /* 281 */ "trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm",
+ /* 282 */ "savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT",
+ /* 283 */ "savepoint_opt ::=",
+ /* 284 */ "cmd ::= create_table create_table_args",
+ /* 285 */ "columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist",
+ /* 286 */ "columnlist ::= columnname carglist",
+ /* 287 */ "nm ::= ID|INDEXED",
+ /* 288 */ "nm ::= STRING",
+ /* 289 */ "nm ::= JOIN_KW",
+ /* 290 */ "typetoken ::= typename",
+ /* 291 */ "typename ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 292 */ "signed ::= plus_num",
+ /* 293 */ "signed ::= minus_num",
+ /* 294 */ "carglist ::= carglist ccons",
+ /* 295 */ "carglist ::=",
+ /* 296 */ "ccons ::= NULL onconf",
+ /* 297 */ "conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist",
+ /* 298 */ "conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons",
+ /* 299 */ "conslist ::= tcons",
+ /* 300 */ "tconscomma ::=",
+ /* 301 */ "defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause",
+ /* 302 */ "resolvetype ::= raisetype",
+ /* 303 */ "selectnowith ::= oneselect",
+ /* 304 */ "oneselect ::= values",
+ /* 305 */ "sclp ::= selcollist COMMA",
+ /* 306 */ "as ::= ID|STRING",
+ /* 307 */ "expr ::= term",
+ /* 308 */ "likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH",
+ /* 309 */ "exprlist ::= nexprlist",
+ /* 310 */ "nmnum ::= plus_num",
+ /* 311 */ "nmnum ::= nm",
+ /* 312 */ "nmnum ::= ON",
+ /* 313 */ "nmnum ::= DELETE",
+ /* 314 */ "nmnum ::= DEFAULT",
+ /* 315 */ "plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT",
+ /* 316 */ "foreach_clause ::=",
+ /* 317 */ "foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW",
+ /* 318 */ "trnm ::= nm",
+ /* 319 */ "tridxby ::=",
+ /* 320 */ "database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE",
+ /* 321 */ "database_kw_opt ::=",
+ /* 322 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::=",
+ /* 323 */ "kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW",
+ /* 324 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarg",
+ /* 325 */ "vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg",
+ /* 326 */ "vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken",
+ /* 327 */ "anylist ::=",
+ /* 328 */ "anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP",
+ /* 329 */ "anylist ::= anylist ANY",
 };
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -137078,6 +139753,9 @@
   pParser->yytos = pParser->yystack;
   pParser->yystack[0].stateno = 0;
   pParser->yystack[0].major = 0;
+#if YYSTACKDEPTH>0
+  pParser->yystackEnd = &pParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
@@ -137128,76 +139806,72 @@
     */
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
     case 163: /* select */
-    case 194: /* selectnowith */
-    case 195: /* oneselect */
-    case 206: /* values */
+    case 195: /* selectnowith */
+    case 196: /* oneselect */
+    case 207: /* values */
 {
-sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy243));
+sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy387));
 }
       break;
-    case 172: /* term */
-    case 173: /* expr */
+    case 173: /* term */
+    case 174: /* expr */
+    case 202: /* where_opt */
+    case 204: /* having_opt */
+    case 216: /* on_opt */
+    case 226: /* case_operand */
+    case 228: /* case_else */
+    case 237: /* when_clause */
+    case 242: /* key_opt */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy190).pExpr);
+sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy314));
 }
       break;
-    case 177: /* eidlist_opt */
-    case 186: /* sortlist */
-    case 187: /* eidlist */
-    case 199: /* selcollist */
-    case 202: /* groupby_opt */
-    case 204: /* orderby_opt */
-    case 207: /* nexprlist */
-    case 208: /* exprlist */
-    case 209: /* sclp */
-    case 218: /* setlist */
-    case 224: /* paren_exprlist */
-    case 226: /* case_exprlist */
+    case 178: /* eidlist_opt */
+    case 187: /* sortlist */
+    case 188: /* eidlist */
+    case 200: /* selcollist */
+    case 203: /* groupby_opt */
+    case 205: /* orderby_opt */
+    case 208: /* nexprlist */
+    case 209: /* exprlist */
+    case 210: /* sclp */
+    case 219: /* setlist */
+    case 225: /* paren_exprlist */
+    case 227: /* case_exprlist */
 {
-sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy148));
+sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy322));
 }
       break;
-    case 193: /* fullname */
-    case 200: /* from */
-    case 211: /* seltablist */
-    case 212: /* stl_prefix */
+    case 194: /* fullname */
+    case 201: /* from */
+    case 212: /* seltablist */
+    case 213: /* stl_prefix */
 {
-sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy185));
+sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy259));
 }
       break;
-    case 196: /* with */
-    case 250: /* wqlist */
+    case 197: /* with */
+    case 251: /* wqlist */
 {
-sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy285));
+sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy451));
 }
       break;
-    case 201: /* where_opt */
-    case 203: /* having_opt */
-    case 215: /* on_opt */
-    case 225: /* case_operand */
-    case 227: /* case_else */
-    case 236: /* when_clause */
-    case 241: /* key_opt */
+    case 217: /* using_opt */
+    case 218: /* idlist */
+    case 221: /* idlist_opt */
 {
-sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy72));
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy384));
 }
       break;
-    case 216: /* using_opt */
-    case 217: /* idlist */
-    case 220: /* idlist_opt */
+    case 233: /* trigger_cmd_list */
+    case 238: /* trigger_cmd */
 {
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy254));
+sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy203));
 }
       break;
-    case 232: /* trigger_cmd_list */
-    case 237: /* trigger_cmd */
+    case 235: /* trigger_event */
 {
-sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy145));
-}
-      break;
-    case 234: /* trigger_event */
-{
-sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy332).b);
+sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, (yypminor->yy90).b);
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -137268,6 +139942,43 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+/* This array of booleans keeps track of the parser statement
+** coverage.  The element yycoverage[X][Y] is set when the parser
+** is in state X and has a lookahead token Y.  In a well-tested
+** systems, every element of this matrix should end up being set.
+*/
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+static unsigned char yycoverage[YYNSTATE][YYNTOKEN];
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Write into out a description of every state/lookahead combination that
+**
+**   (1)  has not been used by the parser, and
+**   (2)  is not a syntax error.
+**
+** Return the number of missed state/lookahead combinations.
+*/
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ParserCoverage(FILE *out){
+  int stateno, iLookAhead, i;
+  int nMissed = 0;
+  for(stateno=0; stateno<YYNSTATE; stateno++){
+    i = yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    for(iLookAhead=0; iLookAhead<YYNTOKEN; iLookAhead++){
+      if( yy_lookahead[i+iLookAhead]!=iLookAhead ) continue;
+      if( yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead]==0 ) nMissed++;
+      if( out ){
+        fprintf(out,"State %d lookahead %s %s\n", stateno,
+                yyTokenName[iLookAhead],
+                yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] ? "ok" : "missed");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nMissed;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Find the appropriate action for a parser given the terminal
 ** look-ahead token iLookAhead.
@@ -137279,13 +139990,18 @@
   int i;
   int stateno = pParser->yytos->stateno;
  
-  if( stateno>=YY_MIN_REDUCE ) return stateno;
+  if( stateno>YY_MAX_SHIFT ) return stateno;
   assert( stateno <= YY_SHIFT_COUNT );
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+  yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] = 1;
+#endif
   do{
     i = yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    assert( i>=0 && i+YYNTOKEN<=sizeof(yy_lookahead)/sizeof(yy_lookahead[0]) );
     assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
+    assert( iLookAhead < YYNTOKEN );
     i += iLookAhead;
-    if( i<0 || i>=YY_ACTTAB_COUNT || yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
+    if( yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
 #ifdef YYFALLBACK
       YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
       if( iLookAhead<sizeof(yyFallback)/sizeof(yyFallback[0])
@@ -137348,7 +140064,6 @@
   assert( stateno<=YY_REDUCE_COUNT );
 #endif
   i = yy_reduce_ofst[stateno];
-  assert( i!=YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT );
   assert( iLookAhead!=YYNOCODE );
   i += iLookAhead;
 #ifdef YYERRORSYMBOL
@@ -137386,20 +140101,21 @@
 ** Print tracing information for a SHIFT action
 */
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-static void yyTraceShift(yyParser *yypParser, int yyNewState){
+static void yyTraceShift(yyParser *yypParser, int yyNewState, const char *zTag){
   if( yyTraceFILE ){
     if( yyNewState<YYNSTATE ){
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s', go to state %d\n",
-         yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major],
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', go to state %d\n",
+         yyTracePrompt, zTag, yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major],
          yyNewState);
     }else{
-      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s'\n",
-         yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major]);
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', pending reduce %d\n",
+         yyTracePrompt, zTag, yyTokenName[yypParser->yytos->major],
+         yyNewState - YY_MIN_REDUCE);
     }
   }
 }
 #else
-# define yyTraceShift(X,Y)
+# define yyTraceShift(X,Y,Z)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -137420,7 +140136,7 @@
   }
 #endif
 #if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-  if( yypParser->yytos>=&yypParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH] ){
+  if( yypParser->yytos>yypParser->yystackEnd ){
     yypParser->yytos--;
     yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
     return;
@@ -137441,348 +140157,346 @@
   yytos->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyNewState;
   yytos->major = (YYCODETYPE)yyMajor;
   yytos->minor.yy0 = yyMinor;
-  yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyNewState);
+  yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyNewState, "Shift");
 }
 
 /* The following table contains information about every rule that
 ** is used during the reduce.
 */
 static const struct {
-  YYCODETYPE lhs;         /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  unsigned char nrhs;     /* Number of right-hand side symbols in the rule */
+  YYCODETYPE lhs;       /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
+  signed char nrhs;     /* Negative of the number of RHS symbols in the rule */
 } yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  { 147, 1 },
-  { 147, 3 },
-  { 148, 1 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 150, 0 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 150, 1 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 154, 6 },
-  { 156, 1 },
-  { 158, 0 },
-  { 158, 3 },
-  { 157, 1 },
-  { 157, 0 },
-  { 155, 5 },
-  { 155, 2 },
-  { 162, 0 },
-  { 162, 2 },
-  { 164, 2 },
-  { 166, 0 },
-  { 166, 4 },
-  { 166, 6 },
-  { 167, 2 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 4 },
-  { 171, 3 },
-  { 171, 3 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 3 },
-  { 171, 5 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 171, 4 },
-  { 171, 4 },
-  { 171, 1 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 176, 0 },
-  { 176, 1 },
-  { 178, 0 },
-  { 178, 2 },
-  { 180, 2 },
-  { 180, 3 },
-  { 180, 3 },
-  { 180, 3 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 181, 1 },
-  { 181, 1 },
-  { 181, 2 },
-  { 179, 3 },
-  { 179, 2 },
-  { 182, 0 },
-  { 182, 2 },
-  { 182, 2 },
-  { 161, 0 },
-  { 184, 1 },
-  { 185, 2 },
-  { 185, 7 },
-  { 185, 5 },
-  { 185, 5 },
-  { 185, 10 },
-  { 188, 0 },
-  { 174, 0 },
-  { 174, 3 },
-  { 189, 0 },
-  { 189, 2 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 192, 2 },
-  { 192, 0 },
-  { 149, 9 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 163, 2 },
-  { 194, 3 },
-  { 197, 1 },
-  { 197, 2 },
-  { 197, 1 },
-  { 195, 9 },
-  { 206, 4 },
-  { 206, 5 },
-  { 198, 1 },
-  { 198, 1 },
-  { 198, 0 },
-  { 209, 0 },
-  { 199, 3 },
-  { 199, 2 },
-  { 199, 4 },
-  { 210, 2 },
-  { 210, 0 },
-  { 200, 0 },
-  { 200, 2 },
-  { 212, 2 },
-  { 212, 0 },
-  { 211, 7 },
-  { 211, 9 },
-  { 211, 7 },
-  { 211, 7 },
-  { 159, 0 },
-  { 159, 2 },
-  { 193, 2 },
-  { 213, 1 },
-  { 213, 2 },
-  { 213, 3 },
-  { 213, 4 },
-  { 215, 2 },
-  { 215, 0 },
-  { 214, 0 },
-  { 214, 3 },
-  { 214, 2 },
-  { 216, 4 },
-  { 216, 0 },
-  { 204, 0 },
-  { 204, 3 },
-  { 186, 4 },
-  { 186, 2 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 1 },
-  { 175, 0 },
-  { 202, 0 },
-  { 202, 3 },
-  { 203, 0 },
-  { 203, 2 },
-  { 205, 0 },
-  { 205, 2 },
-  { 205, 4 },
-  { 205, 4 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 201, 0 },
-  { 201, 2 },
-  { 149, 8 },
-  { 218, 5 },
-  { 218, 7 },
-  { 218, 3 },
-  { 218, 5 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 7 },
-  { 219, 2 },
-  { 219, 1 },
-  { 220, 0 },
-  { 220, 3 },
-  { 217, 3 },
-  { 217, 1 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 6 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 172, 1 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 221, 2 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 173, 2 },
-  { 222, 1 },
-  { 222, 2 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 223, 1 },
-  { 223, 2 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 3 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 5 },
-  { 226, 5 },
-  { 226, 4 },
-  { 227, 2 },
-  { 227, 0 },
-  { 225, 1 },
-  { 225, 0 },
-  { 208, 0 },
-  { 207, 3 },
-  { 207, 1 },
-  { 224, 0 },
-  { 224, 3 },
-  { 149, 12 },
-  { 228, 1 },
-  { 228, 0 },
-  { 177, 0 },
-  { 177, 3 },
-  { 187, 5 },
-  { 187, 3 },
-  { 229, 0 },
-  { 229, 2 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 169, 2 },
-  { 170, 2 },
-  { 149, 5 },
-  { 231, 11 },
-  { 233, 1 },
-  { 233, 1 },
-  { 233, 2 },
-  { 233, 0 },
-  { 234, 1 },
-  { 234, 1 },
-  { 234, 3 },
-  { 236, 0 },
-  { 236, 2 },
-  { 232, 3 },
-  { 232, 2 },
-  { 238, 3 },
-  { 239, 3 },
-  { 239, 2 },
-  { 237, 7 },
-  { 237, 5 },
-  { 237, 5 },
-  { 237, 1 },
-  { 173, 4 },
-  { 173, 6 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 191, 1 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 241, 0 },
-  { 241, 2 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 3 },
-  { 149, 6 },
-  { 149, 7 },
-  { 242, 1 },
-  { 149, 1 },
-  { 149, 4 },
-  { 244, 8 },
-  { 246, 0 },
-  { 247, 1 },
-  { 247, 3 },
-  { 248, 1 },
-  { 196, 0 },
-  { 196, 2 },
-  { 196, 3 },
-  { 250, 6 },
-  { 250, 8 },
-  { 144, 1 },
-  { 145, 2 },
-  { 145, 1 },
-  { 146, 1 },
-  { 146, 3 },
-  { 147, 0 },
-  { 151, 0 },
-  { 151, 1 },
-  { 151, 2 },
-  { 153, 1 },
-  { 153, 0 },
-  { 149, 2 },
-  { 160, 4 },
-  { 160, 2 },
-  { 152, 1 },
-  { 152, 1 },
-  { 152, 1 },
-  { 166, 1 },
-  { 167, 1 },
-  { 168, 1 },
-  { 168, 1 },
-  { 165, 2 },
-  { 165, 0 },
-  { 171, 2 },
-  { 161, 2 },
-  { 183, 3 },
-  { 183, 1 },
-  { 184, 0 },
-  { 188, 1 },
-  { 190, 1 },
-  { 194, 1 },
-  { 195, 1 },
-  { 209, 2 },
-  { 210, 1 },
-  { 173, 1 },
-  { 221, 1 },
-  { 208, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 230, 1 },
-  { 169, 1 },
-  { 235, 0 },
-  { 235, 3 },
-  { 238, 1 },
-  { 239, 0 },
-  { 240, 1 },
-  { 240, 0 },
-  { 243, 0 },
-  { 243, 1 },
-  { 245, 1 },
-  { 245, 3 },
-  { 246, 2 },
-  { 249, 0 },
-  { 249, 4 },
-  { 249, 2 },
+  {  147,   -1 }, /* (0) explain ::= EXPLAIN */
+  {  147,   -3 }, /* (1) explain ::= EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */
+  {  148,   -1 }, /* (2) cmdx ::= cmd */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (3) cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
+  {  150,    0 }, /* (4) transtype ::= */
+  {  150,   -1 }, /* (5) transtype ::= DEFERRED */
+  {  150,   -1 }, /* (6) transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */
+  {  150,   -1 }, /* (7) transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (8) cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (9) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (10) cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (11) cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (12) cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+  {  154,   -6 }, /* (13) create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+  {  156,   -1 }, /* (14) createkw ::= CREATE */
+  {  158,    0 }, /* (15) ifnotexists ::= */
+  {  158,   -3 }, /* (16) ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+  {  157,   -1 }, /* (17) temp ::= TEMP */
+  {  157,    0 }, /* (18) temp ::= */
+  {  155,   -5 }, /* (19) create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
+  {  155,   -2 }, /* (20) create_table_args ::= AS select */
+  {  162,    0 }, /* (21) table_options ::= */
+  {  162,   -2 }, /* (22) table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
+  {  164,   -2 }, /* (23) columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+  {  166,    0 }, /* (24) typetoken ::= */
+  {  166,   -4 }, /* (25) typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+  {  166,   -6 }, /* (26) typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+  {  167,   -2 }, /* (27) typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+  {  171,    0 }, /* (28) scanpt ::= */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (29) ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (30) ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (31) ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (32) ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (33) ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt */
+  {  172,   -3 }, /* (34) ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED */
+  {  172,   -3 }, /* (35) ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
+  {  172,   -5 }, /* (36) ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (37) ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (38) ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
+  {  172,   -4 }, /* (39) ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
+  {  172,   -1 }, /* (40) ccons ::= defer_subclause */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (41) ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+  {  177,    0 }, /* (42) autoinc ::= */
+  {  177,   -1 }, /* (43) autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */
+  {  179,    0 }, /* (44) refargs ::= */
+  {  179,   -2 }, /* (45) refargs ::= refargs refarg */
+  {  181,   -2 }, /* (46) refarg ::= MATCH nm */
+  {  181,   -3 }, /* (47) refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
+  {  181,   -3 }, /* (48) refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
+  {  181,   -3 }, /* (49) refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
+  {  182,   -2 }, /* (50) refact ::= SET NULL */
+  {  182,   -2 }, /* (51) refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
+  {  182,   -1 }, /* (52) refact ::= CASCADE */
+  {  182,   -1 }, /* (53) refact ::= RESTRICT */
+  {  182,   -2 }, /* (54) refact ::= NO ACTION */
+  {  180,   -3 }, /* (55) defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+  {  180,   -2 }, /* (56) defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
+  {  183,    0 }, /* (57) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */
+  {  183,   -2 }, /* (58) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
+  {  183,   -2 }, /* (59) init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
+  {  161,    0 }, /* (60) conslist_opt ::= */
+  {  185,   -1 }, /* (61) tconscomma ::= COMMA */
+  {  186,   -2 }, /* (62) tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
+  {  186,   -7 }, /* (63) tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
+  {  186,   -5 }, /* (64) tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
+  {  186,   -5 }, /* (65) tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
+  {  186,  -10 }, /* (66) tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
+  {  189,    0 }, /* (67) defer_subclause_opt ::= */
+  {  175,    0 }, /* (68) onconf ::= */
+  {  175,   -3 }, /* (69) onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
+  {  190,    0 }, /* (70) orconf ::= */
+  {  190,   -2 }, /* (71) orconf ::= OR resolvetype */
+  {  191,   -1 }, /* (72) resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
+  {  191,   -1 }, /* (73) resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (74) cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
+  {  193,   -2 }, /* (75) ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */
+  {  193,    0 }, /* (76) ifexists ::= */
+  {  149,   -9 }, /* (77) cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (78) cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (79) cmd ::= select */
+  {  163,   -2 }, /* (80) select ::= with selectnowith */
+  {  195,   -3 }, /* (81) selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
+  {  198,   -1 }, /* (82) multiselect_op ::= UNION */
+  {  198,   -2 }, /* (83) multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
+  {  198,   -1 }, /* (84) multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */
+  {  196,   -9 }, /* (85) oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
+  {  207,   -4 }, /* (86) values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
+  {  207,   -5 }, /* (87) values ::= values COMMA LP exprlist RP */
+  {  199,   -1 }, /* (88) distinct ::= DISTINCT */
+  {  199,   -1 }, /* (89) distinct ::= ALL */
+  {  199,    0 }, /* (90) distinct ::= */
+  {  210,    0 }, /* (91) sclp ::= */
+  {  200,   -5 }, /* (92) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
+  {  200,   -3 }, /* (93) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
+  {  200,   -5 }, /* (94) selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
+  {  211,   -2 }, /* (95) as ::= AS nm */
+  {  211,    0 }, /* (96) as ::= */
+  {  201,    0 }, /* (97) from ::= */
+  {  201,   -2 }, /* (98) from ::= FROM seltablist */
+  {  213,   -2 }, /* (99) stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
+  {  213,    0 }, /* (100) stl_prefix ::= */
+  {  212,   -7 }, /* (101) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
+  {  212,   -9 }, /* (102) seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+  {  212,   -7 }, /* (103) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
+  {  212,   -7 }, /* (104) seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
+  {  159,    0 }, /* (105) dbnm ::= */
+  {  159,   -2 }, /* (106) dbnm ::= DOT nm */
+  {  194,   -2 }, /* (107) fullname ::= nm dbnm */
+  {  214,   -1 }, /* (108) joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
+  {  214,   -2 }, /* (109) joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
+  {  214,   -3 }, /* (110) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
+  {  214,   -4 }, /* (111) joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
+  {  216,   -2 }, /* (112) on_opt ::= ON expr */
+  {  216,    0 }, /* (113) on_opt ::= */
+  {  215,    0 }, /* (114) indexed_opt ::= */
+  {  215,   -3 }, /* (115) indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+  {  215,   -2 }, /* (116) indexed_opt ::= NOT INDEXED */
+  {  217,   -4 }, /* (117) using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
+  {  217,    0 }, /* (118) using_opt ::= */
+  {  205,    0 }, /* (119) orderby_opt ::= */
+  {  205,   -3 }, /* (120) orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
+  {  187,   -4 }, /* (121) sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder */
+  {  187,   -2 }, /* (122) sortlist ::= expr sortorder */
+  {  176,   -1 }, /* (123) sortorder ::= ASC */
+  {  176,   -1 }, /* (124) sortorder ::= DESC */
+  {  176,    0 }, /* (125) sortorder ::= */
+  {  203,    0 }, /* (126) groupby_opt ::= */
+  {  203,   -3 }, /* (127) groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */
+  {  204,    0 }, /* (128) having_opt ::= */
+  {  204,   -2 }, /* (129) having_opt ::= HAVING expr */
+  {  206,    0 }, /* (130) limit_opt ::= */
+  {  206,   -2 }, /* (131) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
+  {  206,   -4 }, /* (132) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
+  {  206,   -4 }, /* (133) limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (134) cmd ::= with DELETE FROM fullname indexed_opt where_opt */
+  {  202,    0 }, /* (135) where_opt ::= */
+  {  202,   -2 }, /* (136) where_opt ::= WHERE expr */
+  {  149,   -8 }, /* (137) cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf fullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
+  {  219,   -5 }, /* (138) setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
+  {  219,   -7 }, /* (139) setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+  {  219,   -3 }, /* (140) setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
+  {  219,   -5 }, /* (141) setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (142) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt select */
+  {  149,   -7 }, /* (143) cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
+  {  220,   -2 }, /* (144) insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */
+  {  220,   -1 }, /* (145) insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */
+  {  221,    0 }, /* (146) idlist_opt ::= */
+  {  221,   -3 }, /* (147) idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
+  {  218,   -3 }, /* (148) idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
+  {  218,   -1 }, /* (149) idlist ::= nm */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (150) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (151) expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (152) expr ::= JOIN_KW */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (153) expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (154) expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (155) term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (156) term ::= STRING */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (157) term ::= INTEGER */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (158) expr ::= VARIABLE */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (159) expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+  {  174,   -6 }, /* (160) expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (161) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (162) expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+  {  173,   -1 }, /* (163) term ::= CTIME_KW */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (164) expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (165) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (166) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (167) expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (168) expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (169) expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (170) expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (171) expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (172) expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */
+  {  222,   -2 }, /* (173) likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (174) expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (175) expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (176) expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (177) expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (178) expr ::= expr IS expr */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (179) expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (180) expr ::= NOT expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (181) expr ::= BITNOT expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (182) expr ::= MINUS expr */
+  {  174,   -2 }, /* (183) expr ::= PLUS expr */
+  {  223,   -1 }, /* (184) between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+  {  223,   -2 }, /* (185) between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (186) expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+  {  224,   -1 }, /* (187) in_op ::= IN */
+  {  224,   -2 }, /* (188) in_op ::= NOT IN */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (189) expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+  {  174,   -3 }, /* (190) expr ::= LP select RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (191) expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (192) expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (193) expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+  {  174,   -5 }, /* (194) expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+  {  227,   -5 }, /* (195) case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+  {  227,   -4 }, /* (196) case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+  {  228,   -2 }, /* (197) case_else ::= ELSE expr */
+  {  228,    0 }, /* (198) case_else ::= */
+  {  226,   -1 }, /* (199) case_operand ::= expr */
+  {  226,    0 }, /* (200) case_operand ::= */
+  {  209,    0 }, /* (201) exprlist ::= */
+  {  208,   -3 }, /* (202) nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+  {  208,   -1 }, /* (203) nexprlist ::= expr */
+  {  225,    0 }, /* (204) paren_exprlist ::= */
+  {  225,   -3 }, /* (205) paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+  {  149,  -12 }, /* (206) cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+  {  229,   -1 }, /* (207) uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+  {  229,    0 }, /* (208) uniqueflag ::= */
+  {  178,    0 }, /* (209) eidlist_opt ::= */
+  {  178,   -3 }, /* (210) eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */
+  {  188,   -5 }, /* (211) eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+  {  188,   -3 }, /* (212) eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+  {  230,    0 }, /* (213) collate ::= */
+  {  230,   -2 }, /* (214) collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (215) cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (216) cmd ::= VACUUM */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (217) cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (218) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (219) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (220) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (221) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (222) cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+  {  169,   -2 }, /* (223) plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+  {  170,   -2 }, /* (224) minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */
+  {  149,   -5 }, /* (225) cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+  {  232,  -11 }, /* (226) trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+  {  234,   -1 }, /* (227) trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+  {  234,   -2 }, /* (228) trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+  {  234,    0 }, /* (229) trigger_time ::= */
+  {  235,   -1 }, /* (230) trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+  {  235,   -1 }, /* (231) trigger_event ::= UPDATE */
+  {  235,   -3 }, /* (232) trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+  {  237,    0 }, /* (233) when_clause ::= */
+  {  237,   -2 }, /* (234) when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+  {  233,   -3 }, /* (235) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+  {  233,   -2 }, /* (236) trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+  {  239,   -3 }, /* (237) trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+  {  240,   -3 }, /* (238) tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+  {  240,   -2 }, /* (239) tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+  {  238,   -8 }, /* (240) trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt */
+  {  238,   -7 }, /* (241) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select scanpt */
+  {  238,   -6 }, /* (242) trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+  {  238,   -3 }, /* (243) trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+  {  174,   -4 }, /* (244) expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+  {  174,   -6 }, /* (245) expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+  {  192,   -1 }, /* (246) raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+  {  192,   -1 }, /* (247) raisetype ::= ABORT */
+  {  192,   -1 }, /* (248) raisetype ::= FAIL */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (249) cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (250) cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (251) cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+  {  242,    0 }, /* (252) key_opt ::= */
+  {  242,   -2 }, /* (253) key_opt ::= KEY expr */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (254) cmd ::= REINDEX */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (255) cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (256) cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+  {  149,   -3 }, /* (257) cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+  {  149,   -6 }, /* (258) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+  {  149,   -7 }, /* (259) cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+  {  243,   -1 }, /* (260) add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+  {  149,   -1 }, /* (261) cmd ::= create_vtab */
+  {  149,   -4 }, /* (262) cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+  {  245,   -8 }, /* (263) create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+  {  247,    0 }, /* (264) vtabarg ::= */
+  {  248,   -1 }, /* (265) vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+  {  248,   -3 }, /* (266) vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */
+  {  249,   -1 }, /* (267) lp ::= LP */
+  {  197,    0 }, /* (268) with ::= */
+  {  197,   -2 }, /* (269) with ::= WITH wqlist */
+  {  197,   -3 }, /* (270) with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+  {  251,   -6 }, /* (271) wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+  {  251,   -8 }, /* (272) wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+  {  144,   -1 }, /* (273) input ::= cmdlist */
+  {  145,   -2 }, /* (274) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */
+  {  145,   -1 }, /* (275) cmdlist ::= ecmd */
+  {  146,   -1 }, /* (276) ecmd ::= SEMI */
+  {  146,   -3 }, /* (277) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */
+  {  147,    0 }, /* (278) explain ::= */
+  {  151,    0 }, /* (279) trans_opt ::= */
+  {  151,   -1 }, /* (280) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */
+  {  151,   -2 }, /* (281) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */
+  {  153,   -1 }, /* (282) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */
+  {  153,    0 }, /* (283) savepoint_opt ::= */
+  {  149,   -2 }, /* (284) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */
+  {  160,   -4 }, /* (285) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */
+  {  160,   -2 }, /* (286) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */
+  {  152,   -1 }, /* (287) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */
+  {  152,   -1 }, /* (288) nm ::= STRING */
+  {  152,   -1 }, /* (289) nm ::= JOIN_KW */
+  {  166,   -1 }, /* (290) typetoken ::= typename */
+  {  167,   -1 }, /* (291) typename ::= ID|STRING */
+  {  168,   -1 }, /* (292) signed ::= plus_num */
+  {  168,   -1 }, /* (293) signed ::= minus_num */
+  {  165,   -2 }, /* (294) carglist ::= carglist ccons */
+  {  165,    0 }, /* (295) carglist ::= */
+  {  172,   -2 }, /* (296) ccons ::= NULL onconf */
+  {  161,   -2 }, /* (297) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */
+  {  184,   -3 }, /* (298) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */
+  {  184,   -1 }, /* (299) conslist ::= tcons */
+  {  185,    0 }, /* (300) tconscomma ::= */
+  {  189,   -1 }, /* (301) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause */
+  {  191,   -1 }, /* (302) resolvetype ::= raisetype */
+  {  195,   -1 }, /* (303) selectnowith ::= oneselect */
+  {  196,   -1 }, /* (304) oneselect ::= values */
+  {  210,   -2 }, /* (305) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */
+  {  211,   -1 }, /* (306) as ::= ID|STRING */
+  {  174,   -1 }, /* (307) expr ::= term */
+  {  222,   -1 }, /* (308) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+  {  209,   -1 }, /* (309) exprlist ::= nexprlist */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (310) nmnum ::= plus_num */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (311) nmnum ::= nm */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (312) nmnum ::= ON */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (313) nmnum ::= DELETE */
+  {  231,   -1 }, /* (314) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */
+  {  169,   -1 }, /* (315) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */
+  {  236,    0 }, /* (316) foreach_clause ::= */
+  {  236,   -3 }, /* (317) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */
+  {  239,   -1 }, /* (318) trnm ::= nm */
+  {  240,    0 }, /* (319) tridxby ::= */
+  {  241,   -1 }, /* (320) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */
+  {  241,    0 }, /* (321) database_kw_opt ::= */
+  {  244,    0 }, /* (322) kwcolumn_opt ::= */
+  {  244,   -1 }, /* (323) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */
+  {  246,   -1 }, /* (324) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */
+  {  246,   -3 }, /* (325) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */
+  {  247,   -2 }, /* (326) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */
+  {  250,    0 }, /* (327) anylist ::= */
+  {  250,   -4 }, /* (328) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */
+  {  250,   -2 }, /* (329) anylist ::= anylist ANY */
 };
 
 static void yy_accept(yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -137790,22 +140504,38 @@
 /*
 ** Perform a reduce action and the shift that must immediately
 ** follow the reduce.
+**
+** The yyLookahead and yyLookaheadToken parameters provide reduce actions
+** access to the lookahead token (if any).  The yyLookahead will be YYNOCODE
+** if the lookahead token has already been consumed.  As this procedure is
+** only called from one place, optimizing compilers will in-line it, which
+** means that the extra parameters have no performance impact.
 */
 static void yy_reduce(
   yyParser *yypParser,         /* The parser */
-  unsigned int yyruleno        /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  unsigned int yyruleno,       /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  int yyLookahead,             /* Lookahead token, or YYNOCODE if none */
+  sqlite3ParserTOKENTYPE yyLookaheadToken  /* Value of the lookahead token */
 ){
   int yygoto;                     /* The next state */
   int yyact;                      /* The next action */
   yyStackEntry *yymsp;            /* The top of the parser's stack */
   int yysize;                     /* Amount to pop the stack */
   sqlite3ParserARG_FETCH;
+  (void)yyLookahead;
+  (void)yyLookaheadToken;
   yymsp = yypParser->yytos;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( yyTraceFILE && yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(yyRuleName)/sizeof(yyRuleName[0])) ){
     yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce [%s], go to state %d.\n", yyTracePrompt,
-      yyRuleName[yyruleno], yymsp[-yysize].stateno);
+    if( yysize ){
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s], go to state %d.\n",
+        yyTracePrompt,
+        yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno], yymsp[yysize].stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s].\n",
+        yyTracePrompt, yyruleno, yyRuleName[yyruleno]);
+    }
   }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -137820,7 +140550,7 @@
     }
 #endif
 #if YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-    if( yypParser->yytos>=&yypParser->yystack[YYSTACKDEPTH-1] ){
+    if( yypParser->yytos>=yypParser->yystackEnd ){
       yyStackOverflow(yypParser);
       return;
     }
@@ -137856,310 +140586,311 @@
 { sqlite3FinishCoding(pParse); }
         break;
       case 3: /* cmd ::= BEGIN transtype trans_opt */
-{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3BeginTransaction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 4: /* transtype ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = TK_DEFERRED;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = TK_DEFERRED;}
         break;
       case 5: /* transtype ::= DEFERRED */
       case 6: /* transtype ::= IMMEDIATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==6);
       case 7: /* transtype ::= EXCLUSIVE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==7);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 8: /* cmd ::= COMMIT trans_opt */
-      case 9: /* cmd ::= END trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==9);
-{sqlite3CommitTransaction(pParse);}
+      case 8: /* cmd ::= COMMIT|END trans_opt */
+      case 9: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */ yytestcase(yyruleno==9);
+{sqlite3EndTransaction(pParse,yymsp[-1].major);}
         break;
-      case 10: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt */
-{sqlite3RollbackTransaction(pParse);}
-        break;
-      case 11: /* cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
+      case 10: /* cmd ::= SAVEPOINT nm */
 {
   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_BEGIN, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 12: /* cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
+      case 11: /* cmd ::= RELEASE savepoint_opt nm */
 {
   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_RELEASE, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 13: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
+      case 12: /* cmd ::= ROLLBACK trans_opt TO savepoint_opt nm */
 {
   sqlite3Savepoint(pParse, SAVEPOINT_ROLLBACK, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 14: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
+      case 13: /* create_table ::= createkw temp TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm */
 {
-   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy194,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy194);
+   sqlite3StartTable(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy4,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 15: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
+      case 14: /* createkw ::= CREATE */
 {disableLookaside(pParse);}
         break;
-      case 16: /* ifnotexists ::= */
-      case 19: /* temp ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==19);
-      case 22: /* table_options ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==22);
+      case 15: /* ifnotexists ::= */
+      case 18: /* temp ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==18);
+      case 21: /* table_options ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==21);
       case 42: /* autoinc ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==42);
       case 57: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==57);
       case 67: /* defer_subclause_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==67);
       case 76: /* ifexists ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==76);
       case 90: /* distinct ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==90);
-      case 214: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==214);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+      case 213: /* collate ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==213);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 17: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = 1;}
+      case 16: /* ifnotexists ::= IF NOT EXISTS */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = 1;}
         break;
-      case 18: /* temp ::= TEMP */
+      case 17: /* temp ::= TEMP */
       case 43: /* autoinc ::= AUTOINCR */ yytestcase(yyruleno==43);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = 1;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = 1;}
         break;
-      case 20: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
+      case 19: /* create_table_args ::= LP columnlist conslist_opt RP table_options */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,0);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,0);
 }
         break;
-      case 21: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
+      case 20: /* create_table_args ::= AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy243);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy243);
+  sqlite3EndTable(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy387);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy387);
 }
         break;
-      case 23: /* table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
+      case 22: /* table_options ::= WITHOUT nm */
 {
   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n==5 && sqlite3_strnicmp(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,"rowid",5)==0 ){
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = TF_WithoutRowid | TF_NoVisibleRowid;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = 0;
+    yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = 0;
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "unknown table option: %.*s", yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n, yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 24: /* columnname ::= nm typetoken */
+      case 23: /* columnname ::= nm typetoken */
 {sqlite3AddColumn(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 25: /* typetoken ::= */
+      case 24: /* typetoken ::= */
       case 60: /* conslist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==60);
       case 96: /* as ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==96);
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z = 0;}
         break;
-      case 26: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
+      case 25: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed RP */
 {
   yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n = (int)(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z);
 }
         break;
-      case 27: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
+      case 26: /* typetoken ::= typename LP signed COMMA signed RP */
 {
   yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.n = (int)(&yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n] - yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z);
 }
         break;
-      case 28: /* typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
+      case 27: /* typename ::= typename ID|STRING */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n=yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n+(int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
+      case 28: /* scanpt ::= */
+{
+  assert( yyLookahead!=YYNOCODE );
+  yymsp[1].minor.yy336 = yyLookaheadToken.z;
+}
+        break;
       case 29: /* ccons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */
       case 62: /* tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==62);
 {pParse->constraintName = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
-      case 30: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT term */
-      case 32: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term */ yytestcase(yyruleno==32);
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);}
+      case 30: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt term scanpt */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy336,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
         break;
       case 31: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190);}
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z+1,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z);}
         break;
-      case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term */
+      case 32: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT PLUS term scanpt */
+{sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
+        break;
+      case 33: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT MINUS term scanpt */
 {
-  ExprSpan v;
-  v.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-  v.zStart = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z;
-  v.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
+  Expr *p = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, 0);
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);
 }
         break;
-      case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT ID|INDEXED */
+      case 34: /* ccons ::= DEFAULT scanpt ID|INDEXED */
 {
-  ExprSpan v;
-  spanExpr(&v, pParse, TK_STRING, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,&v);
+  Expr *p = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_STRING, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AddDefaultValue(pParse,p,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z,yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z+yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n);
 }
         break;
       case 35: /* ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf */
-{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 36: /* ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder onconf autoinc */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy194,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,yymsp[-2].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy4,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,yymsp[-2].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 37: /* ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,0,0,0,0,
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,0,0,0,0,
                                    SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
       case 38: /* ccons ::= CHECK LP expr RP */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);}
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 39: /* ccons ::= REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs */
-{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 40: /* ccons ::= defer_subclause */
-{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);}
+{sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);}
         break;
       case 41: /* ccons ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 44: /* refargs ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = OE_None*0x0101; /* EV: R-19803-45884 */}
         break;
       case 45: /* refargs ::= refargs refarg */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy497.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy497.value; }
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = (yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 & ~yymsp[0].minor.yy215.mask) | yymsp[0].minor.yy215.value; }
         break;
       case 46: /* refarg ::= MATCH nm */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy497.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy497.mask = 0x000000; }
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy215.value = 0;     yymsp[-1].minor.yy215.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
       case 47: /* refarg ::= ON INSERT refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.mask = 0x000000; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.value = 0;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.mask = 0x000000; }
         break;
       case 48: /* refarg ::= ON DELETE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy194;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.mask = 0x0000ff; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy4;     yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.mask = 0x0000ff; }
         break;
       case 49: /* refarg ::= ON UPDATE refact */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy194<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy497.mask = 0x00ff00; }
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.value = yymsp[0].minor.yy4<<8;  yymsp[-2].minor.yy215.mask = 0x00ff00; }
         break;
       case 50: /* refact ::= SET NULL */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = OE_SetNull;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 51: /* refact ::= SET DEFAULT */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = OE_SetDflt;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 52: /* refact ::= CASCADE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Cascade;  /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 53: /* refact ::= RESTRICT */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Restrict; /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 54: /* refact ::= NO ACTION */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = OE_None;     /* EV: R-33326-45252 */}
         break;
       case 55: /* defer_subclause ::= NOT DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
       case 56: /* defer_subclause ::= DEFERRABLE init_deferred_pred_opt */
       case 71: /* orconf ::= OR resolvetype */ yytestcase(yyruleno==71);
       case 144: /* insert_cmd ::= INSERT orconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==144);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].minor.yy194;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].minor.yy4;}
         break;
       case 58: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY DEFERRED */
       case 75: /* ifexists ::= IF EXISTS */ yytestcase(yyruleno==75);
-      case 186: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==186);
-      case 189: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==189);
-      case 215: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==215);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = 1;}
+      case 185: /* between_op ::= NOT BETWEEN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==185);
+      case 188: /* in_op ::= NOT IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==188);
+      case 214: /* collate ::= COLLATE ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==214);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = 1;}
         break;
       case 59: /* init_deferred_pred_opt ::= INITIALLY IMMEDIATE */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
       case 61: /* tconscomma ::= COMMA */
 {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
         break;
       case 63: /* tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist autoinc RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,yymsp[-2].minor.yy194,0);}
+{sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,yymsp[-2].minor.yy4,0);}
         break;
       case 64: /* tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist RP onconf */
-{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194,0,0,0,0,
+{sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4,0,0,0,0,
                                        SQLITE_IDXTYPE_UNIQUE);}
         break;
       case 65: /* tcons ::= CHECK LP expr RP onconf */
-{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);}
+{sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 66: /* tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist RP REFERENCES nm eidlist_opt refargs defer_subclause_opt */
 {
-    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
-    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
+    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 68: /* onconf ::= */
       case 70: /* orconf ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==70);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = OE_Default;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = OE_Default;}
         break;
       case 69: /* onconf ::= ON CONFLICT resolvetype */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].minor.yy194;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].minor.yy4;}
         break;
       case 72: /* resolvetype ::= IGNORE */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Ignore;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Ignore;}
         break;
       case 73: /* resolvetype ::= REPLACE */
       case 145: /* insert_cmd ::= REPLACE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==145);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Replace;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Replace;}
         break;
       case 74: /* cmd ::= DROP TABLE ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259, 0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 77: /* cmd ::= createkw temp VIEW ifnotexists nm dbnm eidlist_opt AS select */
 {
-  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, yymsp[-7].minor.yy194, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &yymsp[-8].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy387, yymsp[-7].minor.yy4, yymsp[-5].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 78: /* cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259, 1, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 79: /* cmd ::= select */
 {
   SelectDest dest = {SRT_Output, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
-  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, &dest);
-  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy243);
+  sqlite3Select(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy387, &dest);
+  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy387);
 }
         break;
       case 80: /* select ::= with selectnowith */
 {
-  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy243;
+  Select *p = yymsp[0].minor.yy387;
   if( p ){
-    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy285;
+    p->pWith = yymsp[-1].minor.yy451;
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
   }else{
-    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy285);
+    sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy451);
   }
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy243 = p; /*A-overwrites-W*/
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy387 = p; /*A-overwrites-W*/
 }
         break;
       case 81: /* selectnowith ::= selectnowith multiselect_op oneselect */
 {
-  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy243;
-  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy243;
+  Select *pRhs = yymsp[0].minor.yy387;
+  Select *pLhs = yymsp[-2].minor.yy387;
   if( pRhs && pRhs->pPrior ){
     SrcList *pFrom;
     Token x;
     x.n = 0;
     parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, pRhs);
     pFrom = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,0,0,0,&x,pRhs,0,0);
-    pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+    pRhs = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,pFrom,0,0,0,0,0,0);
   }
   if( pRhs ){
-    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy194;
+    pRhs->op = (u8)yymsp[-1].minor.yy4;
     pRhs->pPrior = pLhs;
     if( ALWAYS(pLhs) ) pLhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
     pRhs->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy194!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy4!=TK_ALL ) pParse->hasCompound = 1;
   }else{
     sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pLhs);
   }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy243 = pRhs;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy387 = pRhs;
 }
         break;
       case 82: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION */
       case 84: /* multiselect_op ::= EXCEPT|INTERSECT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==84);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-OP*/}
         break;
       case 83: /* multiselect_op ::= UNION ALL */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = TK_ALL;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = TK_ALL;}
         break;
       case 85: /* oneselect ::= SELECT distinct selcollist from where_opt groupby_opt having_opt orderby_opt limit_opt */
 {
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
   Token s = yymsp[-8].minor.yy0; /*A-overwrites-S*/
 #endif
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy243 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy148,yymsp[-5].minor.yy185,yymsp[-4].minor.yy72,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[-2].minor.yy72,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[-7].minor.yy194,yymsp[0].minor.yy354.pLimit,yymsp[0].minor.yy354.pOffset);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy387 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy322,yymsp[-5].minor.yy259,yymsp[-4].minor.yy314,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[-7].minor.yy4,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 #if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
   /* Populate the Select.zSelName[] string that is used to help with
   ** query planner debugging, to differentiate between multiple Select
@@ -138170,17 +140901,17 @@
   ** comment to be the zSelName value.  Otherwise, the label is #N where
   ** is an integer that is incremented with each SELECT statement seen.
   */
-  if( yymsp[-8].minor.yy243!=0 ){
+  if( yymsp[-8].minor.yy387!=0 ){
     const char *z = s.z+6;
     int i;
-    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName, "#%d",
+    sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName, "#%d",
                      ++pParse->nSelect);
     while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
     if( z[0]=='/' && z[1]=='*' ){
       z += 2;
       while( z[0]==' ' ) z++;
       for(i=0; sqlite3Isalnum(z[i]); i++){}
-      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy243->zSelName, "%.*s", i, z);
+      sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName), yymsp[-8].minor.yy387->zSelName, "%.*s", i, z);
     }
   }
 #endif /* SELECTRACE_ENABLED */
@@ -138188,119 +140919,119 @@
         break;
       case 86: /* values ::= VALUES LP nexprlist RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy243 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0,0);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy387 = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
 }
         break;
       case 87: /* values ::= values COMMA LP exprlist RP */
 {
-  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy243;
-  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0,0);
+  Select *pRight, *pLeft = yymsp[-4].minor.yy387;
+  pRight = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values|SF_MultiValue,0);
   if( ALWAYS(pLeft) ) pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
   if( pRight ){
     pRight->op = TK_ALL;
     pRight->pPrior = pLeft;
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy243 = pRight;
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy387 = pRight;
   }else{
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy243 = pLeft;
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy387 = pLeft;
   }
 }
         break;
       case 88: /* distinct ::= DISTINCT */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SF_Distinct;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SF_Distinct;}
         break;
       case 89: /* distinct ::= ALL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SF_All;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SF_All;}
         break;
       case 91: /* sclp ::= */
       case 119: /* orderby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==119);
       case 126: /* groupby_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==126);
-      case 202: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==202);
-      case 205: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==205);
-      case 210: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==210);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy148 = 0;}
+      case 201: /* exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
+      case 204: /* paren_exprlist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==204);
+      case 209: /* eidlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==209);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy322 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 92: /* selcollist ::= sclp expr as */
+      case 92: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt expr scanpt as */
 {
-   yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190);
+   yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+   if( yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n>0 ) sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
+   sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322,yymsp[-3].minor.yy336,yymsp[-1].minor.yy336);
 }
         break;
-      case 93: /* selcollist ::= sclp STAR */
+      case 93: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt STAR */
 {
   Expr *p = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_ASTERISK, 0);
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148, p);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, p);
 }
         break;
-      case 94: /* selcollist ::= sclp nm DOT STAR */
+      case 94: /* selcollist ::= sclp scanpt nm DOT STAR */
 {
   Expr *pRight = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ASTERISK, 0, 0);
   Expr *pLeft = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *pDot = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, pLeft, pRight);
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148, pDot);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, pDot);
 }
         break;
       case 95: /* as ::= AS nm */
       case 106: /* dbnm ::= DOT nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==106);
-      case 224: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==224);
-      case 225: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==225);
+      case 223: /* plus_num ::= PLUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==223);
+      case 224: /* minus_num ::= MINUS INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==224);
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
         break;
       case 97: /* from ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy185 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yymsp[1].minor.yy185));}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy259 = sqlite3DbMallocZero(pParse->db, sizeof(*yymsp[1].minor.yy259));}
         break;
       case 98: /* from ::= FROM seltablist */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy185 = yymsp[0].minor.yy185;
-  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-1].minor.yy185);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy259 = yymsp[0].minor.yy259;
+  sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-1].minor.yy259);
 }
         break;
       case 99: /* stl_prefix ::= seltablist joinop */
 {
-   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy185 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy185->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy185->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy185->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy194;
+   if( ALWAYS(yymsp[-1].minor.yy259 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy259->nSrc>0) ) yymsp[-1].minor.yy259->a[yymsp[-1].minor.yy259->nSrc-1].fg.jointype = (u8)yymsp[0].minor.yy4;
 }
         break;
       case 100: /* stl_prefix ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy185 = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy259 = 0;}
         break;
       case 101: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm as indexed_opt on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy185, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy259, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
       case 102: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix nm dbnm LP exprlist RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-  yymsp[-8].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-8].minor.yy185,&yymsp[-7].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
-  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-8].minor.yy185, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148);
+  yymsp[-8].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-8].minor.yy259,&yymsp[-7].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-6].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
+  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, yymsp[-8].minor.yy259, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322);
 }
         break;
       case 103: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP select RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy243,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
+    yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy387,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
   }
         break;
       case 104: /* seltablist ::= stl_prefix LP seltablist RP as on_opt using_opt */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy185==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy72==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy254==0 ){
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy185;
-    }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy185->nSrc==1 ){
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
-      if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 ){
-        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &yymsp[-6].minor.yy185->a[yymsp[-6].minor.yy185->nSrc-1];
-        struct SrcList_item *pOld = yymsp[-4].minor.yy185->a;
+    if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy259==0 && yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n==0 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy314==0 && yymsp[0].minor.yy384==0 ){
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = yymsp[-4].minor.yy259;
+    }else if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy259->nSrc==1 ){
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
+      if( yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 ){
+        struct SrcList_item *pNew = &yymsp[-6].minor.yy259->a[yymsp[-6].minor.yy259->nSrc-1];
+        struct SrcList_item *pOld = yymsp[-4].minor.yy259->a;
         pNew->zName = pOld->zName;
         pNew->zDatabase = pOld->zDatabase;
         pNew->pSelect = pOld->pSelect;
         pOld->zName = pOld->zDatabase = 0;
         pOld->pSelect = 0;
       }
-      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy185);
+      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy259);
     }else{
       Select *pSubquery;
-      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy185);
-      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy185,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0,0);
-      yymsp[-6].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy185,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72,yymsp[0].minor.yy254);
+      sqlite3SrcListShiftJoinType(yymsp[-4].minor.yy259);
+      pSubquery = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,0,yymsp[-4].minor.yy259,0,0,0,0,SF_NestedFrom,0);
+      yymsp[-6].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppendFromTerm(pParse,yymsp[-6].minor.yy259,0,0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,pSubquery,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy384);
     }
   }
         break;
@@ -138309,32 +141040,33 @@
 {yymsp[1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[1].minor.yy0.n=0;}
         break;
       case 107: /* fullname ::= nm dbnm */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy185 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy259 = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
       case 108: /* joinop ::= COMMA|JOIN */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = JT_INNER; }
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = JT_INNER; }
         break;
       case 109: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW JOIN */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0,0);  /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
       case 110: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy194 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy4 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0); /*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
       case 111: /* joinop ::= JOIN_KW nm nm JOIN */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy194 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 = sqlite3JoinType(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*X-overwrites-A*/}
         break;
       case 112: /* on_opt ::= ON expr */
       case 129: /* having_opt ::= HAVING expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==129);
       case 136: /* where_opt ::= WHERE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==136);
-      case 198: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==198);
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy72 = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+      case 197: /* case_else ::= ELSE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==197);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = yymsp[0].minor.yy314;}
         break;
       case 113: /* on_opt ::= */
       case 128: /* having_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==128);
+      case 130: /* limit_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==130);
       case 135: /* where_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==135);
-      case 199: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==199);
-      case 201: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==201);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy72 = 0;}
+      case 198: /* case_else ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==198);
+      case 200: /* case_operand ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==200);
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy314 = 0;}
         break;
       case 115: /* indexed_opt ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;}
@@ -138343,312 +141075,294 @@
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z=0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n=1;}
         break;
       case 117: /* using_opt ::= USING LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy254 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy254;}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy384 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy384;}
         break;
       case 118: /* using_opt ::= */
       case 146: /* idlist_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==146);
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy254 = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy384 = 0;}
         break;
       case 120: /* orderby_opt ::= ORDER BY sortlist */
       case 127: /* groupby_opt ::= GROUP BY nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==127);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = yymsp[0].minor.yy148;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yymsp[0].minor.yy322;}
         break;
       case 121: /* sortlist ::= sortlist COMMA expr sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-3].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-3].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 122: /* sortlist ::= expr sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
-  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 123: /* sortorder ::= ASC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
         break;
       case 124: /* sortorder ::= DESC */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
         break;
       case 125: /* sortorder ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
-        break;
-      case 130: /* limit_opt ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy354.pLimit = 0; yymsp[1].minor.yy354.pOffset = 0;}
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}
         break;
       case 131: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr */
-{yymsp[-1].minor.yy354.pLimit = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr; yymsp[-1].minor.yy354.pOffset = 0;}
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,0);}
         break;
       case 132: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr OFFSET expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pLimit = yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr; yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pOffset = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 133: /* limit_opt ::= LIMIT expr COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pOffset = yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr; yymsp[-3].minor.yy354.pLimit = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+{yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_LIMIT,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);}
         break;
       case 134: /* cmd ::= with DELETE FROM fullname indexed_opt where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy185, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy185,yymsp[0].minor.yy72);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy259, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3DeleteFrom(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy259,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,0,0);
 }
         break;
       case 137: /* cmd ::= with UPDATE orconf fullname indexed_opt SET setlist where_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy185, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,"set list"); 
-  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy185,yymsp[-1].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy72,yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3SrcListIndexedBy(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy259, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,"set list"); 
+  sqlite3Update(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy259,yymsp[-1].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy314,yymsp[-5].minor.yy4,0,0);
 }
         break;
       case 138: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
       case 139: /* setlist ::= setlist COMMA LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-6].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy148, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy322, yymsp[-3].minor.yy384, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
       case 140: /* setlist ::= nm EQ expr */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy148, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
+  yylhsminor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, yylhsminor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = yylhsminor.yy148;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yylhsminor.yy322;
         break;
       case 141: /* setlist ::= LP idlist RP EQ expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppendVector(pParse, 0, yymsp[-3].minor.yy384, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
       case 142: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt select */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy185, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, yymsp[-1].minor.yy254, yymsp[-4].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-5].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy259, yymsp[0].minor.yy387, yymsp[-1].minor.yy384, yymsp[-4].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 143: /* cmd ::= with insert_cmd INTO fullname idlist_opt DEFAULT VALUES */
 {
-  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy285, 1);
-  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy185, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy254, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, yymsp[-6].minor.yy451, 1);
+  sqlite3Insert(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy259, 0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy384, yymsp[-5].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
       case 147: /* idlist_opt ::= LP idlist RP */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy254 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy254;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy384 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy384;}
         break;
       case 148: /* idlist ::= idlist COMMA nm */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy254 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy254,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy384 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,yymsp[-2].minor.yy384,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
       case 149: /* idlist ::= nm */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy254 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy384 = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
       case 150: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{spanSet(&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-B*/  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr;}
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy314;}
         break;
-      case 151: /* term ::= NULL */
-      case 156: /* term ::= FLOAT|BLOB */ yytestcase(yyruleno==156);
-      case 157: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==157);
-{spanExpr(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 151: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
+      case 152: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==152);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy314=tokenExpr(pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 152: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED */
-      case 153: /* expr ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==153);
-{spanExpr(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,pParse,TK_ID,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
-        break;
-      case 154: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 153: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp2);
 }
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 155: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
+      case 154: /* expr ::= nm DOT nm DOT nm */
 {
   Expr *temp1 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp2 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp3 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_ID, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
   Expr *temp4 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp2, temp3);
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-4].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_DOT, temp1, temp4);
 }
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 158: /* term ::= INTEGER */
+      case 155: /* term ::= NULL|FLOAT|BLOB */
+      case 156: /* term ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==156);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy314=tokenExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+        break;
+      case 157: /* term ::= INTEGER */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  yylhsminor.yy190.zStart = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z;
-  yylhsminor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  if( yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr ) yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_Leaf|EP_Resolved;
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 159: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
+      case 158: /* expr ::= VARIABLE */
 {
   if( !(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[0]=='#' && sqlite3Isdigit(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[1])) ){
     u32 n = yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-    spanExpr(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190, pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, n);
+    yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = tokenExpr(pParse, TK_VARIABLE, yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+    sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, n);
   }else{
     /* When doing a nested parse, one can include terms in an expression
     ** that look like this:   #1 #2 ...  These terms refer to registers
     ** in the virtual machine.  #N is the N-th register. */
     Token t = yymsp[0].minor.yy0; /*A-overwrites-X*/
     assert( t.n>=2 );
-    spanSet(&yymsp[0].minor.yy190, &t, &t);
     if( pParse->nested==0 ){
       sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &t);
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr = 0;
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = 0;
     }else{
-      yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
-      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr->iTable);
+      yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_REGISTER, 0, 0);
+      if( yymsp[0].minor.yy314 ) sqlite3GetInt32(&t.z[1], &yymsp[0].minor.yy314->iTable);
     }
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 160: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
+      case 159: /* expr ::= expr COLLATE ID|STRING */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAddCollateToken(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, 1);
 }
         break;
-      case 161: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
+      case 160: /* expr ::= CAST LP expr AS typetoken RP */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-5].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
-  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_CAST, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1);
+  sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(pParse->db, yymsp[-5].minor.yy314, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 162: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
+      case 161: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP distinct exprlist RP */
 {
-  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy148 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
+  if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322 && yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->nExpr>pParse->db->aLimit[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG] ){
     sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "too many arguments on function %T", &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
   }
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy194==SF_Distinct && yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_Distinct;
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0);
+  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy4==SF_Distinct && yylhsminor.yy314 ){
+    yylhsminor.yy314->flags |= EP_Distinct;
   }
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 163: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
+      case 162: /* expr ::= ID|INDEXED LP STAR RP */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 164: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
+      case 163: /* term ::= CTIME_KW */
 {
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
-  spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  yylhsminor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, 0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
-  yymsp[0].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
+  yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = yylhsminor.yy314;
         break;
-      case 165: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
+      case 164: /* expr ::= LP nexprlist COMMA expr RP */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
-  if( yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yylhsminor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
-    spanSet(&yylhsminor.yy190, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_VECTOR, 0, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = pList;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   }
 }
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190 = yylhsminor.yy190;
         break;
-      case 166: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
-      case 167: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==167);
-      case 168: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==168);
-      case 169: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==169);
-      case 170: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==170);
-      case 171: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==171);
-      case 172: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==172);
-      case 173: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==173);
-{spanBinaryExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);}
+      case 165: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
+      case 166: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==166);
+      case 167: /* expr ::= expr LT|GT|GE|LE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==167);
+      case 168: /* expr ::= expr EQ|NE expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==168);
+      case 169: /* expr ::= expr BITAND|BITOR|LSHIFT|RSHIFT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==169);
+      case 170: /* expr ::= expr PLUS|MINUS expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==170);
+      case 171: /* expr ::= expr STAR|SLASH|REM expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==171);
+      case 172: /* expr ::= expr CONCAT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==172);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy314=sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[-1].major,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);}
         break;
-      case 174: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
+      case 173: /* likeop ::= NOT LIKE_KW|MATCH */
 {yymsp[-1].minor.yy0=yymsp[0].minor.yy0; yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n|=0x80000000; /*yymsp[-1].minor.yy0-overwrite-yymsp[0].minor.yy0*/}
         break;
-      case 175: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
+      case 174: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-  exprNot(pParse, bNot, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy190);
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
-  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 ) yymsp[-2].minor.yy314->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 176: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
+      case 175: /* expr ::= expr likeop expr ESCAPE expr */
 {
   ExprList *pList;
   int bNot = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n & 0x80000000;
   yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.n &= 0x7fffffff;
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
-  exprNot(pParse, bNot, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprFunction(pParse, pList, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0);
+  if( bNot ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->flags |= EP_InfixFunc;
 }
         break;
-      case 177: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
-{spanUnaryPostfix(pParse,yymsp[0].major,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 176: /* expr ::= expr ISNULL|NOTNULL */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,yymsp[0].major,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314,0);}
         break;
-      case 178: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
-{spanUnaryPostfix(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
+      case 177: /* expr ::= expr NOT NULL */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_NOTNULL,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,0);}
         break;
-      case 179: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
+      case 178: /* expr ::= expr IS expr */
 {
-  spanBinaryExpr(pParse,TK_IS,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr, TK_ISNULL);
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_IS,yymsp[-2].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, TK_ISNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 180: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
+      case 179: /* expr ::= expr IS NOT expr */
 {
-  spanBinaryExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy190,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190);
-  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr, TK_NOTNULL);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse,TK_ISNOT,yymsp[-3].minor.yy314,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  binaryToUnaryIfNull(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, TK_NOTNULL);
 }
         break;
-      case 181: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
-      case 182: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==182);
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,pParse,yymsp[-1].major,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 180: /* expr ::= NOT expr */
+      case 181: /* expr ::= BITNOT expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==181);
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-1].major, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, 0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
         break;
-      case 183: /* expr ::= MINUS expr */
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,pParse,TK_UMINUS,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 182: /* expr ::= MINUS expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UMINUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, 0);}
         break;
-      case 184: /* expr ::= PLUS expr */
-{spanUnaryPrefix(&yymsp[-1].minor.yy190,pParse,TK_UPLUS,&yymsp[0].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);/*A-overwrites-B*/}
+      case 183: /* expr ::= PLUS expr */
+{yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, 0);}
         break;
-      case 185: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
-      case 188: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==188);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = 0;}
+      case 184: /* between_op ::= BETWEEN */
+      case 187: /* in_op ::= IN */ yytestcase(yyruleno==187);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 187: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
+      case 186: /* expr ::= expr between_op expr AND expr */
 {
-  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = pList;
+  ExprList *pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,pList, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_BETWEEN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = pList;
   }else{
     sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pList);
   } 
-  exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.zEnd;
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
 }
         break;
-      case 190: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
+      case 189: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP exprlist RP */
 {
-    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy148==0 ){
+    if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322==0 ){
       /* Expressions of the form
       **
       **      expr1 IN ()
@@ -138657,9 +141371,9 @@
       ** simplify to constants 0 (false) and 1 (true), respectively,
       ** regardless of the value of expr1.
       */
-      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[yymsp[-3].minor.yy194],1);
-    }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->nExpr==1 ){
+      sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_INTEGER,&sqlite3IntTokens[yymsp[-3].minor.yy4],1);
+    }else if( yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->nExpr==1 ){
       /* Expressions of the form:
       **
       **      expr1 IN (?1)
@@ -138676,204 +141390,195 @@
       ** affinity or the collating sequence to use for comparison.  Otherwise,
       ** the semantics would be subtly different from IN or NOT IN.
       */
-      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->a[0].pExpr;
-      yymsp[-1].minor.yy148->a[0].pExpr = 0;
-      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148);
+      Expr *pRHS = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->a[0].pExpr;
+      yymsp[-1].minor.yy322->a[0].pExpr = 0;
+      sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
       /* pRHS cannot be NULL because a malloc error would have been detected
       ** before now and control would have never reached this point */
       if( ALWAYS(pRHS) ){
         pRHS->flags &= ~EP_Collate;
         pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
       }
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194 ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, pRHS);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, pRHS);
     }else{
-      yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-        yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy148;
-        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+      yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+      if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+        yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322;
+        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
       }else{
-        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148);
+        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy322);
       }
-      exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
+      if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
     }
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
   }
         break;
-      case 191: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
+      case 190: /* expr ::= LP select RP */
 {
-    spanSet(&yymsp[-2].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-B*/
-    yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
+    yymsp[-2].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
   }
         break;
-      case 192: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
+      case 191: /* expr ::= expr in_op LP select RP */
 {
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
-    exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = &yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n];
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 193: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
+      case 192: /* expr ::= expr in_op nm dbnm paren_exprlist */
 {
     SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
-    Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
-    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy148 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy148);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr, pSelect);
-    exprNot(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy194, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy190);
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.zEnd = yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z ? &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n] : &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.z[yymsp[-2].minor.yy0.n];
+    Select *pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+    if( yymsp[0].minor.yy322 )  sqlite3SrcListFuncArgs(pParse, pSelect ? pSrc : 0, yymsp[0].minor.yy322);
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, pSelect);
+    if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy4 ) yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314, 0);
   }
         break;
-      case 194: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
+      case 193: /* expr ::= EXISTS LP select RP */
 {
     Expr *p;
-    spanSet(&yymsp[-3].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-B*/
-    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
-    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
+    p = yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0);
+    sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, p, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
   }
         break;
-      case 195: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
+      case 194: /* expr ::= CASE case_operand case_exprlist case_else END */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-4].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);  /*A-overwrites-C*/
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy72, 0);
-  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy72 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,yymsp[-1].minor.yy72) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy148;
-    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, 0);
+  if( yymsp[-4].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-4].minor.yy314->x.pList = yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[-1].minor.yy314) : yymsp[-2].minor.yy322;
+    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy314);
   }else{
-    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy148);
-    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy72);
+    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322);
+    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314);
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 196: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 195: /* case_exprlist ::= case_exprlist WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 197: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
+      case 196: /* case_exprlist ::= WHEN expr THEN expr */
 {
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy190.pExpr);
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy314);
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy322, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 200: /* case_operand ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy72 = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 199: /* case_operand ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy314 = yymsp[0].minor.yy314; /*A-overwrites-X*/}
         break;
-      case 203: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy148,yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);}
+      case 202: /* nexprlist ::= nexprlist COMMA expr */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,yymsp[-2].minor.yy322,yymsp[0].minor.yy314);}
         break;
-      case 204: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy148 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
+      case 203: /* nexprlist ::= expr */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy322 = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,yymsp[0].minor.yy314); /*A-overwrites-Y*/}
         break;
-      case 206: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
-      case 211: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==211);
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy148;}
+      case 205: /* paren_exprlist ::= LP exprlist RP */
+      case 210: /* eidlist_opt ::= LP eidlist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==210);
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = yymsp[-1].minor.yy322;}
         break;
-      case 207: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
+      case 206: /* cmd ::= createkw uniqueflag INDEX ifnotexists nm dbnm ON nm LP sortlist RP where_opt */
 {
   sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, 
-                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy148, yymsp[-10].minor.yy194,
-                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy72, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy194, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
+                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,0), yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-10].minor.yy4,
+                      &yymsp[-11].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, SQLITE_SO_ASC, yymsp[-8].minor.yy4, SQLITE_IDXTYPE_APPDEF);
 }
         break;
-      case 208: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
-      case 249: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==249);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Abort;}
+      case 207: /* uniqueflag ::= UNIQUE */
+      case 247: /* raisetype ::= ABORT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==247);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Abort;}
         break;
-      case 209: /* uniqueflag ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = OE_None;}
+      case 208: /* uniqueflag ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = OE_None;}
         break;
-      case 212: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
+      case 211: /* eidlist ::= eidlist COMMA nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-4].minor.yy148 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194, yymsp[0].minor.yy194);
+  yymsp[-4].minor.yy322 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4, yymsp[0].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 213: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
+      case 212: /* eidlist ::= nm collate sortorder */
 {
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy148 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194, yymsp[0].minor.yy194); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy322 = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4, yymsp[0].minor.yy4); /*A-overwrites-Y*/
 }
         break;
-      case 216: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
-{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185, yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);}
+      case 215: /* cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists fullname */
+{sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259, yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);}
         break;
-      case 217: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
+      case 216: /* cmd ::= VACUUM */
 {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,0);}
         break;
-      case 218: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
+      case 217: /* cmd ::= VACUUM nm */
 {sqlite3Vacuum(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 219: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
+      case 218: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0,0);}
         break;
-      case 220: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
+      case 219: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ nmnum */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 221: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
+      case 220: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP nmnum RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,0);}
         break;
-      case 222: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
+      case 221: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm EQ minus_num */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-2].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 223: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
+      case 222: /* cmd ::= PRAGMA nm dbnm LP minus_num RP */
 {sqlite3Pragma(pParse,&yymsp[-4].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[-1].minor.yy0,1);}
         break;
-      case 226: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
+      case 225: /* cmd ::= createkw trigger_decl BEGIN trigger_cmd_list END */
 {
   Token all;
   all.z = yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z;
   all.n = (int)(yymsp[0].minor.yy0.z - yymsp[-3].minor.yy0.z) + yymsp[0].minor.yy0.n;
-  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy145, &all);
+  sqlite3FinishTrigger(pParse, yymsp[-1].minor.yy203, &all);
 }
         break;
-      case 227: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
+      case 226: /* trigger_decl ::= temp TRIGGER ifnotexists nm dbnm trigger_time trigger_event ON fullname foreach_clause when_clause */
 {
-  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194, yymsp[-4].minor.yy332.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy332.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy185, yymsp[0].minor.yy72, yymsp[-10].minor.yy194, yymsp[-8].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3BeginTrigger(pParse, &yymsp[-7].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-6].minor.yy0, yymsp[-5].minor.yy4, yymsp[-4].minor.yy90.a, yymsp[-4].minor.yy90.b, yymsp[-2].minor.yy259, yymsp[0].minor.yy314, yymsp[-10].minor.yy4, yymsp[-8].minor.yy4);
   yymsp[-10].minor.yy0 = (yymsp[-6].minor.yy0.n==0?yymsp[-7].minor.yy0:yymsp[-6].minor.yy0); /*A-overwrites-T*/
 }
         break;
-      case 228: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = TK_BEFORE; }
+      case 227: /* trigger_time ::= BEFORE|AFTER */
+{ yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ }
         break;
-      case 229: /* trigger_time ::= AFTER */
-{ yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = TK_AFTER;  }
+      case 228: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy4 = TK_INSTEAD;}
         break;
-      case 230: /* trigger_time ::= INSTEAD OF */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy194 = TK_INSTEAD;}
+      case 229: /* trigger_time ::= */
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy4 = TK_BEFORE; }
         break;
-      case 231: /* trigger_time ::= */
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy194 = TK_BEFORE; }
+      case 230: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
+      case 231: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==231);
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy90.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy90.b = 0;}
         break;
-      case 232: /* trigger_event ::= DELETE|INSERT */
-      case 233: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==233);
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy332.a = yymsp[0].major; /*A-overwrites-X*/ yymsp[0].minor.yy332.b = 0;}
+      case 232: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
+{yymsp[-2].minor.yy90.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy90.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy384;}
         break;
-      case 234: /* trigger_event ::= UPDATE OF idlist */
-{yymsp[-2].minor.yy332.a = TK_UPDATE; yymsp[-2].minor.yy332.b = yymsp[0].minor.yy254;}
+      case 233: /* when_clause ::= */
+      case 252: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==252);
+{ yymsp[1].minor.yy314 = 0; }
         break;
-      case 235: /* when_clause ::= */
-      case 254: /* key_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==254);
-{ yymsp[1].minor.yy72 = 0; }
+      case 234: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
+      case 253: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==253);
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy314 = yymsp[0].minor.yy314; }
         break;
-      case 236: /* when_clause ::= WHEN expr */
-      case 255: /* key_opt ::= KEY expr */ yytestcase(yyruleno==255);
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy72 = yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr; }
-        break;
-      case 237: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 235: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd_list trigger_cmd SEMI */
 {
-  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy145!=0 );
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy145->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy145;
-  yymsp[-2].minor.yy145->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy145;
+  assert( yymsp[-2].minor.yy203!=0 );
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203->pLast->pNext = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
 }
         break;
-      case 238: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
+      case 236: /* trigger_cmd_list ::= trigger_cmd SEMI */
 { 
-  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy145!=0 );
-  yymsp[-1].minor.yy145->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy145;
+  assert( yymsp[-1].minor.yy203!=0 );
+  yymsp[-1].minor.yy203->pLast = yymsp[-1].minor.yy203;
 }
         break;
-      case 239: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
+      case 237: /* trnm ::= nm DOT nm */
 {
   yymsp[-2].minor.yy0 = yymsp[0].minor.yy0;
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, 
@@ -138881,217 +141586,218 @@
         "statements within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 240: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
+      case 238: /* tridxby ::= INDEXED BY nm */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the INDEXED BY clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 241: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
+      case 239: /* tridxby ::= NOT INDEXED */
 {
   sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
         "the NOT INDEXED clause is not allowed on UPDATE or DELETE statements "
         "within triggers");
 }
         break;
-      case 242: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt */
-{yymsp[-6].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-4].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy148, yymsp[0].minor.yy72, yymsp[-5].minor.yy194);}
+      case 240: /* trigger_cmd ::= UPDATE orconf trnm tridxby SET setlist where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-2].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, yymsp[-6].minor.yy4, yymsp[-7].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 243: /* trigger_cmd ::= insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select */
-{yymsp[-4].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy254, yymsp[0].minor.yy243, yymsp[-4].minor.yy194);/*A-overwrites-R*/}
+      case 241: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt insert_cmd INTO trnm idlist_opt select scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,yymsp[-2].minor.yy384,yymsp[-1].minor.yy387,yymsp[-5].minor.yy4,yymsp[-6].minor.yy336,yymsp[0].minor.yy336);/*yylhsminor.yy203-overwrites-yymsp[-5].minor.yy4*/}
+  yymsp[-6].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 244: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt */
-{yymsp[-4].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, yymsp[0].minor.yy72);}
+      case 242: /* trigger_cmd ::= DELETE FROM trnm tridxby where_opt scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, yymsp[-5].minor.yy0.z, yymsp[0].minor.yy336);}
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 245: /* trigger_cmd ::= select */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy145 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[0].minor.yy243); /*A-overwrites-X*/}
+      case 243: /* trigger_cmd ::= scanpt select scanpt */
+{yylhsminor.yy203 = sqlite3TriggerSelectStep(pParse->db, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387, yymsp[-2].minor.yy336, yymsp[0].minor.yy336); /*yylhsminor.yy203-overwrites-yymsp[-1].minor.yy387*/}
+  yymsp[-2].minor.yy203 = yylhsminor.yy203;
         break;
-      case 246: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
+      case 244: /* expr ::= RAISE LP IGNORE RP */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-3].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-3].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);  /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0); 
-  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr ){
-    yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr->affinity = OE_Ignore;
+  yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_RAISE, 0, 0); 
+  if( yymsp[-3].minor.yy314 ){
+    yymsp[-3].minor.yy314->affinity = OE_Ignore;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 247: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
+      case 245: /* expr ::= RAISE LP raisetype COMMA nm RP */
 {
-  spanSet(&yymsp[-5].minor.yy190,&yymsp[-5].minor.yy0,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);  /*A-overwrites-X*/
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1); 
-  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr ) {
-    yymsp[-5].minor.yy190.pExpr->affinity = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy194;
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy314 = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_RAISE, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, 1); 
+  if( yymsp[-5].minor.yy314 ) {
+    yymsp[-5].minor.yy314->affinity = (char)yymsp[-3].minor.yy4;
   }
 }
         break;
-      case 248: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Rollback;}
+      case 246: /* raisetype ::= ROLLBACK */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Rollback;}
         break;
-      case 250: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
-{yymsp[0].minor.yy194 = OE_Fail;}
+      case 248: /* raisetype ::= FAIL */
+{yymsp[0].minor.yy4 = OE_Fail;}
         break;
-      case 251: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
+      case 249: /* cmd ::= DROP TRIGGER ifexists fullname */
 {
-  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy185,yymsp[-1].minor.yy194);
+  sqlite3DropTrigger(pParse,yymsp[0].minor.yy259,yymsp[-1].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 252: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
+      case 250: /* cmd ::= ATTACH database_kw_opt expr AS expr key_opt */
 {
-  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[-1].minor.yy190.pExpr, yymsp[0].minor.yy72);
+  sqlite3Attach(pParse, yymsp[-3].minor.yy314, yymsp[-1].minor.yy314, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 253: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
+      case 251: /* cmd ::= DETACH database_kw_opt expr */
 {
-  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy190.pExpr);
+  sqlite3Detach(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy314);
 }
         break;
-      case 256: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
+      case 254: /* cmd ::= REINDEX */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 257: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
+      case 255: /* cmd ::= REINDEX nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Reindex(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 258: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
+      case 256: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, 0, 0);}
         break;
-      case 259: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
+      case 257: /* cmd ::= ANALYZE nm dbnm */
 {sqlite3Analyze(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 260: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
+      case 258: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE fullname RENAME TO nm */
 {
-  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy185,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
+  sqlite3AlterRenameTable(pParse,yymsp[-3].minor.yy259,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 261: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
+      case 259: /* cmd ::= ALTER TABLE add_column_fullname ADD kwcolumn_opt columnname carglist */
 {
   yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.n = (int)(pParse->sLastToken.z-yymsp[-1].minor.yy0.z) + pParse->sLastToken.n;
   sqlite3AlterFinishAddColumn(pParse, &yymsp[-1].minor.yy0);
 }
         break;
-      case 262: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
+      case 260: /* add_column_fullname ::= fullname */
 {
   disableLookaside(pParse);
-  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy185);
+  sqlite3AlterBeginAddColumn(pParse, yymsp[0].minor.yy259);
 }
         break;
-      case 263: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
+      case 261: /* cmd ::= create_vtab */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,0);}
         break;
-      case 264: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
+      case 262: /* cmd ::= create_vtab LP vtabarglist RP */
 {sqlite3VtabFinishParse(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 265: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
+      case 263: /* create_vtab ::= createkw VIRTUAL TABLE ifnotexists nm dbnm USING nm */
 {
-    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy194);
+    sqlite3VtabBeginParse(pParse, &yymsp[-3].minor.yy0, &yymsp[-2].minor.yy0, &yymsp[0].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy4);
 }
         break;
-      case 266: /* vtabarg ::= */
+      case 264: /* vtabarg ::= */
 {sqlite3VtabArgInit(pParse);}
         break;
-      case 267: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
-      case 268: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==268);
-      case 269: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==269);
+      case 265: /* vtabargtoken ::= ANY */
+      case 266: /* vtabargtoken ::= lp anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==266);
+      case 267: /* lp ::= LP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==267);
 {sqlite3VtabArgExtend(pParse,&yymsp[0].minor.yy0);}
         break;
-      case 270: /* with ::= */
-{yymsp[1].minor.yy285 = 0;}
+      case 268: /* with ::= */
+{yymsp[1].minor.yy451 = 0;}
         break;
-      case 271: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
-{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy285 = yymsp[0].minor.yy285; }
+      case 269: /* with ::= WITH wqlist */
+{ yymsp[-1].minor.yy451 = yymsp[0].minor.yy451; }
         break;
-      case 272: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
-{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy285 = yymsp[0].minor.yy285; }
+      case 270: /* with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist */
+{ yymsp[-2].minor.yy451 = yymsp[0].minor.yy451; }
         break;
-      case 273: /* wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+      case 271: /* wqlist ::= nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-5].minor.yy285 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243); /*A-overwrites-X*/
+  yymsp[-5].minor.yy451 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387); /*A-overwrites-X*/
 }
         break;
-      case 274: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
+      case 272: /* wqlist ::= wqlist COMMA nm eidlist_opt AS LP select RP */
 {
-  yymsp[-7].minor.yy285 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy285, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy148, yymsp[-1].minor.yy243);
+  yymsp[-7].minor.yy451 = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, yymsp[-7].minor.yy451, &yymsp[-5].minor.yy0, yymsp[-4].minor.yy322, yymsp[-1].minor.yy387);
 }
         break;
       default:
-      /* (275) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==275);
-      /* (276) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==276);
-      /* (277) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=277);
-      /* (278) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==278);
-      /* (279) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==279);
-      /* (280) explain ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==280);
-      /* (281) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==281);
-      /* (282) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==282);
-      /* (283) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==283);
-      /* (284) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==284);
-      /* (285) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==285);
-      /* (286) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==286);
-      /* (287) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==287);
-      /* (288) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
-      /* (289) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==289);
-      /* (290) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==290);
-      /* (291) nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==291);
-      /* (292) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==292);
-      /* (293) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==293);
-      /* (294) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=294);
-      /* (295) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=295);
-      /* (296) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==296);
-      /* (297) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==297);
-      /* (298) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==298);
-      /* (299) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==299);
-      /* (300) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==300);
-      /* (301) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=301);
-      /* (302) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==302);
-      /* (303) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=303);
-      /* (304) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=304);
-      /* (305) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=305);
-      /* (306) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
-      /* (307) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==307);
-      /* (308) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==308);
-      /* (309) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=309);
-      /* (310) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==310);
-      /* (311) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==311);
-      /* (312) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=312);
-      /* (313) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=313);
-      /* (314) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==314);
-      /* (315) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==315);
-      /* (316) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
-      /* (317) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==317);
-      /* (318) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==318);
-      /* (319) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==319);
-      /* (320) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
-      /* (321) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==321);
-      /* (322) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==322);
-      /* (323) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
-      /* (324) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==324);
-      /* (325) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
-      /* (326) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
-      /* (327) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
-      /* (328) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
-      /* (329) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
-      /* (330) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==330);
-      /* (331) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==331);
+      /* (273) input ::= cmdlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==273);
+      /* (274) cmdlist ::= cmdlist ecmd */ yytestcase(yyruleno==274);
+      /* (275) cmdlist ::= ecmd (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=275);
+      /* (276) ecmd ::= SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==276);
+      /* (277) ecmd ::= explain cmdx SEMI */ yytestcase(yyruleno==277);
+      /* (278) explain ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==278);
+      /* (279) trans_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==279);
+      /* (280) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION */ yytestcase(yyruleno==280);
+      /* (281) trans_opt ::= TRANSACTION nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==281);
+      /* (282) savepoint_opt ::= SAVEPOINT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==282);
+      /* (283) savepoint_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==283);
+      /* (284) cmd ::= create_table create_table_args */ yytestcase(yyruleno==284);
+      /* (285) columnlist ::= columnlist COMMA columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==285);
+      /* (286) columnlist ::= columnname carglist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==286);
+      /* (287) nm ::= ID|INDEXED */ yytestcase(yyruleno==287);
+      /* (288) nm ::= STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==288);
+      /* (289) nm ::= JOIN_KW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==289);
+      /* (290) typetoken ::= typename */ yytestcase(yyruleno==290);
+      /* (291) typename ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==291);
+      /* (292) signed ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=292);
+      /* (293) signed ::= minus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=293);
+      /* (294) carglist ::= carglist ccons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==294);
+      /* (295) carglist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==295);
+      /* (296) ccons ::= NULL onconf */ yytestcase(yyruleno==296);
+      /* (297) conslist_opt ::= COMMA conslist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==297);
+      /* (298) conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons */ yytestcase(yyruleno==298);
+      /* (299) conslist ::= tcons (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=299);
+      /* (300) tconscomma ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==300);
+      /* (301) defer_subclause_opt ::= defer_subclause (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=301);
+      /* (302) resolvetype ::= raisetype (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=302);
+      /* (303) selectnowith ::= oneselect (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=303);
+      /* (304) oneselect ::= values */ yytestcase(yyruleno==304);
+      /* (305) sclp ::= selcollist COMMA */ yytestcase(yyruleno==305);
+      /* (306) as ::= ID|STRING */ yytestcase(yyruleno==306);
+      /* (307) expr ::= term (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=307);
+      /* (308) likeop ::= LIKE_KW|MATCH */ yytestcase(yyruleno==308);
+      /* (309) exprlist ::= nexprlist */ yytestcase(yyruleno==309);
+      /* (310) nmnum ::= plus_num (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=310);
+      /* (311) nmnum ::= nm (OPTIMIZED OUT) */ assert(yyruleno!=311);
+      /* (312) nmnum ::= ON */ yytestcase(yyruleno==312);
+      /* (313) nmnum ::= DELETE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==313);
+      /* (314) nmnum ::= DEFAULT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==314);
+      /* (315) plus_num ::= INTEGER|FLOAT */ yytestcase(yyruleno==315);
+      /* (316) foreach_clause ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==316);
+      /* (317) foreach_clause ::= FOR EACH ROW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==317);
+      /* (318) trnm ::= nm */ yytestcase(yyruleno==318);
+      /* (319) tridxby ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==319);
+      /* (320) database_kw_opt ::= DATABASE */ yytestcase(yyruleno==320);
+      /* (321) database_kw_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==321);
+      /* (322) kwcolumn_opt ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==322);
+      /* (323) kwcolumn_opt ::= COLUMNKW */ yytestcase(yyruleno==323);
+      /* (324) vtabarglist ::= vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==324);
+      /* (325) vtabarglist ::= vtabarglist COMMA vtabarg */ yytestcase(yyruleno==325);
+      /* (326) vtabarg ::= vtabarg vtabargtoken */ yytestcase(yyruleno==326);
+      /* (327) anylist ::= */ yytestcase(yyruleno==327);
+      /* (328) anylist ::= anylist LP anylist RP */ yytestcase(yyruleno==328);
+      /* (329) anylist ::= anylist ANY */ yytestcase(yyruleno==329);
         break;
 /********** End reduce actions ************************************************/
   };
   assert( yyruleno<sizeof(yyRuleInfo)/sizeof(yyRuleInfo[0]) );
   yygoto = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].lhs;
   yysize = yyRuleInfo[yyruleno].nrhs;
-  yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(yymsp[-yysize].stateno,(YYCODETYPE)yygoto);
-  if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
-    if( yyact>YY_MAX_SHIFT ){
-      yyact += YY_MIN_REDUCE - YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE;
-    }
-    yymsp -= yysize-1;
-    yypParser->yytos = yymsp;
-    yymsp->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyact;
-    yymsp->major = (YYCODETYPE)yygoto;
-    yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyact);
-  }else{
-    assert( yyact == YY_ACCEPT_ACTION );
-    yypParser->yytos -= yysize;
-    yy_accept(yypParser);
-  }
+  yyact = yy_find_reduce_action(yymsp[yysize].stateno,(YYCODETYPE)yygoto);
+
+  /* There are no SHIFTREDUCE actions on nonterminals because the table
+  ** generator has simplified them to pure REDUCE actions. */
+  assert( !(yyact>YY_MAX_SHIFT && yyact<=YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE) );
+
+  /* It is not possible for a REDUCE to be followed by an error */
+  assert( yyact!=YY_ERROR_ACTION );
+
+  yymsp += yysize+1;
+  yypParser->yytos = yymsp;
+  yymsp->stateno = (YYACTIONTYPE)yyact;
+  yymsp->major = (YYCODETYPE)yygoto;
+  yyTraceShift(yypParser, yyact, "... then shift");
 }
 
 /*
@@ -139129,8 +141835,11 @@
 /************ Begin %syntax_error code ****************************************/
 
   UNUSED_PARAMETER(yymajor);  /* Silence some compiler warnings */
-  assert( TOKEN.z[0] );  /* The tokenizer always gives us a token */
-  sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
+  if( TOKEN.z[0] ){
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "near \"%T\": syntax error", &TOKEN);
+  }else{
+    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "incomplete input");
+  }
 /************ End %syntax_error code ******************************************/
   sqlite3ParserARG_STORE; /* Suppress warning about unused %extra_argument variable */
 }
@@ -139202,20 +141911,31 @@
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s'\n",yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor]);
+    int stateno = yypParser->yytos->stateno;
+    if( stateno < YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' in state %d\n",
+              yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor],stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' with pending reduce %d\n",
+              yyTracePrompt,yyTokenName[yymajor],stateno-YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }
   }
 #endif
 
   do{
     yyact = yy_find_shift_action(yypParser,(YYCODETYPE)yymajor);
-    if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
+    if( yyact >= YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      yy_reduce(yypParser,yyact-YY_MIN_REDUCE,yymajor,yyminor);
+    }else if( yyact <= YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
       yy_shift(yypParser,yyact,yymajor,yyminor);
 #ifndef YYNOERRORRECOVERY
       yypParser->yyerrcnt--;
 #endif
       yymajor = YYNOCODE;
-    }else if( yyact <= YY_MAX_REDUCE ){
-      yy_reduce(yypParser,yyact-YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }else if( yyact==YY_ACCEPT_ACTION ){
+      yypParser->yytos--;
+      yy_accept(yypParser);
+      return;
     }else{
       assert( yyact == YY_ERROR_ACTION );
       yyminorunion.yy0 = yyminor;
@@ -139496,134 +142216,145 @@
 ** on platforms with limited memory.
 */
 /* Hash score: 182 */
+/* zKWText[] encodes 834 bytes of keyword text in 554 bytes */
+/*   REINDEXEDESCAPEACHECKEYBEFOREIGNOREGEXPLAINSTEADDATABASELECT       */
+/*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVE         */
+/*   XISTSAVEPOINTERSECTRIGGEREFERENCESCONSTRAINTOFFSETEMPORARY         */
+/*   UNIQUERYWITHOUTERELEASEATTACHAVINGROUPDATEBEGINNERECURSIVE         */
+/*   BETWEENOTNULLIKECASCADELETECASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEDETACH     */
+/*   IMMEDIATEJOINSERTMATCHPLANALYZEPRAGMABORTVALUESVIRTUALIMITWHEN     */
+/*   WHERENAMEAFTEREPLACEANDEFAULTAUTOINCREMENTCASTCOLUMNCOMMIT         */
+/*   CONFLICTCROSSCURRENT_TIMESTAMPRIMARYDEFERREDISTINCTDROPFAIL        */
+/*   FROMFULLGLOBYIFISNULLORDERESTRICTRIGHTROLLBACKROWUNIONUSING        */
+/*   VACUUMVIEWINITIALLY                                                */
+static const char zKWText[553] = {
+  'R','E','I','N','D','E','X','E','D','E','S','C','A','P','E','A','C','H',
+  'E','C','K','E','Y','B','E','F','O','R','E','I','G','N','O','R','E','G',
+  'E','X','P','L','A','I','N','S','T','E','A','D','D','A','T','A','B','A',
+  'S','E','L','E','C','T','A','B','L','E','F','T','H','E','N','D','E','F',
+  'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N',
+  'S','A','C','T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I',
+  'S','E','X','C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','A','V','E',
+  'P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','E',
+  'F','E','R','E','N','C','E','S','C','O','N','S','T','R','A','I','N','T',
+  'O','F','F','S','E','T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','U','N','I','Q',
+  'U','E','R','Y','W','I','T','H','O','U','T','E','R','E','L','E','A','S',
+  'E','A','T','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N','G','R','O','U','P','D','A',
+  'T','E','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','E','C','U','R','S','I','V','E',
+  'B','E','T','W','E','E','N','O','T','N','U','L','L','I','K','E','C','A',
+  'S','C','A','D','E','L','E','T','E','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L','A',
+  'T','E','C','R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D','A',
+  'T','E','D','E','T','A','C','H','I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E','J',
+  'O','I','N','S','E','R','T','M','A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A','L',
+  'Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M','A','B','O','R','T','V','A','L','U','E',
+  'S','V','I','R','T','U','A','L','I','M','I','T','W','H','E','N','W','H',
+  'E','R','E','N','A','M','E','A','F','T','E','R','E','P','L','A','C','E',
+  'A','N','D','E','F','A','U','L','T','A','U','T','O','I','N','C','R','E',
+  'M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C','O','L','U','M','N','C','O','M','M',
+  'I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C','T','C','R','O','S','S','C','U','R',
+  'R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E','S','T','A','M','P','R','I','M','A',
+  'R','Y','D','E','F','E','R','R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T','D',
+  'R','O','P','F','A','I','L','F','R','O','M','F','U','L','L','G','L','O',
+  'B','Y','I','F','I','S','N','U','L','L','O','R','D','E','R','E','S','T',
+  'R','I','C','T','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L','B','A','C','K','R',
+  'O','W','U','N','I','O','N','U','S','I','N','G','V','A','C','U','U','M',
+  'V','I','E','W','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y',
+};
+/* aKWHash[i] is the hash value for the i-th keyword */
+static const unsigned char aKWHash[127] = {
+    76, 105, 117,  74,   0,  45,   0,   0,  82,   0,  77,   0,   0,
+    42,  12,  78,  15,   0, 116,  85,  54, 112,   0,  19,   0,   0,
+   121,   0, 119, 115,   0,  22,  93,   0,   9,   0,   0,  70,  71,
+     0,  69,   6,   0,  48,  90, 102,   0, 118, 101,   0,   0,  44,
+     0, 103,  24,   0,  17,   0, 122,  53,  23,   0,   5, 110,  25,
+    96,   0,   0, 124, 106,  60, 123,  57,  28,  55,   0,  91,   0,
+   100,  26,   0,  99,   0,   0,   0,  95,  92,  97,  88, 109,  14,
+    39, 108,   0,  81,   0,  18,  89, 111,  32,   0, 120,  80, 113,
+    62,  46,  84,   0,   0,  94,  40,  59, 114,   0,  36,   0,   0,
+    29,   0,  86,  63,  64,   0,  20,  61,   0,  56,
+};
+/* aKWNext[] forms the hash collision chain.  If aKWHash[i]==0
+** then the i-th keyword has no more hash collisions.  Otherwise,
+** the next keyword with the same hash is aKWHash[i]-1. */
+static const unsigned char aKWNext[124] = {
+     0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   2,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   7,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   0,   0,   0,  33,   0,  21,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  50,
+     0,  43,   3,  47,   0,   0,   0,   0,  30,   0,  58,   0,  38,
+     0,   0,   0,   1,  66,   0,   0,  67,   0,  41,   0,   0,   0,
+     0,   0,   0,  49,  65,   0,   0,   0,   0,  31,  52,  16,  34,
+    10,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  11,  72,  79,   0,   8,
+     0, 104,  98,   0, 107,   0,  87,   0,  75,  51,   0,  27,  37,
+    73,  83,   0,  35,  68,   0,   0,
+};
+/* aKWLen[i] is the length (in bytes) of the i-th keyword */
+static const unsigned char aKWLen[124] = {
+     7,   7,   5,   4,   6,   4,   5,   3,   6,   7,   3,   6,   6,
+     7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   6,
+    11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,   9,   9,   7,  10,  10,
+     4,   6,   2,   3,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   7,   4,   5,   7,
+     6,   6,   5,   6,   5,   5,   9,   7,   7,   3,   2,   4,   4,
+     7,   3,   6,   4,   7,   6,  12,   6,   9,   4,   6,   5,   4,
+     7,   6,   5,   6,   7,   5,   4,   5,   6,   5,   7,   3,   7,
+    13,   2,   2,   4,   6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,   7,   8,   8,
+     2,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   2,   2,   6,   5,   8,   5,   8,
+     3,   5,   5,   6,   4,   9,   3,
+};
+/* aKWOffset[i] is the index into zKWText[] of the start of
+** the text for the i-th keyword. */
+static const unsigned short int aKWOffset[124] = {
+     0,   2,   2,   8,   9,  14,  16,  20,  23,  25,  25,  29,  33,
+    36,  41,  46,  48,  53,  54,  59,  62,  65,  67,  69,  78,  81,
+    86,  91,  95,  96, 101, 105, 109, 117, 122, 128, 136, 142, 152,
+   159, 162, 162, 165, 167, 167, 171, 176, 179, 184, 184, 188, 192,
+   199, 204, 209, 212, 218, 221, 225, 234, 240, 240, 240, 243, 246,
+   250, 251, 255, 261, 265, 272, 278, 290, 296, 305, 307, 313, 318,
+   320, 327, 332, 337, 343, 349, 354, 358, 361, 367, 371, 378, 380,
+   387, 389, 391, 400, 404, 410, 416, 424, 429, 429, 445, 452, 459,
+   460, 467, 471, 475, 479, 483, 486, 488, 490, 496, 500, 508, 513,
+   521, 524, 529, 534, 540, 544, 549,
+};
+/* aKWCode[i] is the parser symbol code for the i-th keyword */
+static const unsigned char aKWCode[124] = {
+  TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,     
+  TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,    
+  TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,    
+  TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,      
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,       
+  TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,    
+  TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_SAVEPOINT,  
+  TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TRIGGER,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_CONSTRAINT, TK_INTO,       
+  TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       
+  TK_OR,         TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,      TK_WITHOUT,    TK_WITH,       
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    TK_ATTACH,     TK_HAVING,     TK_GROUP,      
+  TK_UPDATE,     TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RECURSIVE,  TK_BETWEEN,    
+  TK_NOTNULL,    TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       TK_LIKE_KW,    
+  TK_CASCADE,    TK_ASC,        TK_DELETE,     TK_CASE,       TK_COLLATE,    
+  TK_CREATE,     TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_DETACH,     TK_IMMEDIATE,  TK_JOIN,       
+  TK_INSERT,     TK_MATCH,      TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    TK_PRAGMA,     
+  TK_ABORT,      TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_LIMIT,      TK_WHEN,       
+  TK_WHERE,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AFTER,      TK_REPLACE,    TK_AND,        
+  TK_DEFAULT,    TK_AUTOINCR,   TK_TO,         TK_IN,         TK_CAST,       
+  TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_CTIME_KW,   
+  TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_PRIMARY,    TK_DEFERRED,   TK_DISTINCT,   TK_IS,         
+  TK_DROP,       TK_FAIL,       TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_LIKE_KW,    
+  TK_BY,         TK_IF,         TK_ISNULL,     TK_ORDER,      TK_RESTRICT,   
+  TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROW,        TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      
+  TK_VACUUM,     TK_VIEW,       TK_INITIALLY,  TK_ALL,        
+};
+/* Check to see if z[0..n-1] is a keyword. If it is, write the
+** parser symbol code for that keyword into *pType.  Always
+** return the integer n (the length of the token). */
 static int keywordCode(const char *z, int n, int *pType){
-  /* zText[] encodes 834 bytes of keywords in 554 bytes */
-  /*   REINDEXEDESCAPEACHECKEYBEFOREIGNOREGEXPLAINSTEADDATABASELECT       */
-  /*   ABLEFTHENDEFERRABLELSEXCEPTRANSACTIONATURALTERAISEXCLUSIVE         */
-  /*   XISTSAVEPOINTERSECTRIGGEREFERENCESCONSTRAINTOFFSETEMPORARY         */
-  /*   UNIQUERYWITHOUTERELEASEATTACHAVINGROUPDATEBEGINNERECURSIVE         */
-  /*   BETWEENOTNULLIKECASCADELETECASECOLLATECREATECURRENT_DATEDETACH     */
-  /*   IMMEDIATEJOINSERTMATCHPLANALYZEPRAGMABORTVALUESVIRTUALIMITWHEN     */
-  /*   WHERENAMEAFTEREPLACEANDEFAULTAUTOINCREMENTCASTCOLUMNCOMMIT         */
-  /*   CONFLICTCROSSCURRENT_TIMESTAMPRIMARYDEFERREDISTINCTDROPFAIL        */
-  /*   FROMFULLGLOBYIFISNULLORDERESTRICTRIGHTROLLBACKROWUNIONUSING        */
-  /*   VACUUMVIEWINITIALLY                                                */
-  static const char zText[553] = {
-    'R','E','I','N','D','E','X','E','D','E','S','C','A','P','E','A','C','H',
-    'E','C','K','E','Y','B','E','F','O','R','E','I','G','N','O','R','E','G',
-    'E','X','P','L','A','I','N','S','T','E','A','D','D','A','T','A','B','A',
-    'S','E','L','E','C','T','A','B','L','E','F','T','H','E','N','D','E','F',
-    'E','R','R','A','B','L','E','L','S','E','X','C','E','P','T','R','A','N',
-    'S','A','C','T','I','O','N','A','T','U','R','A','L','T','E','R','A','I',
-    'S','E','X','C','L','U','S','I','V','E','X','I','S','T','S','A','V','E',
-    'P','O','I','N','T','E','R','S','E','C','T','R','I','G','G','E','R','E',
-    'F','E','R','E','N','C','E','S','C','O','N','S','T','R','A','I','N','T',
-    'O','F','F','S','E','T','E','M','P','O','R','A','R','Y','U','N','I','Q',
-    'U','E','R','Y','W','I','T','H','O','U','T','E','R','E','L','E','A','S',
-    'E','A','T','T','A','C','H','A','V','I','N','G','R','O','U','P','D','A',
-    'T','E','B','E','G','I','N','N','E','R','E','C','U','R','S','I','V','E',
-    'B','E','T','W','E','E','N','O','T','N','U','L','L','I','K','E','C','A',
-    'S','C','A','D','E','L','E','T','E','C','A','S','E','C','O','L','L','A',
-    'T','E','C','R','E','A','T','E','C','U','R','R','E','N','T','_','D','A',
-    'T','E','D','E','T','A','C','H','I','M','M','E','D','I','A','T','E','J',
-    'O','I','N','S','E','R','T','M','A','T','C','H','P','L','A','N','A','L',
-    'Y','Z','E','P','R','A','G','M','A','B','O','R','T','V','A','L','U','E',
-    'S','V','I','R','T','U','A','L','I','M','I','T','W','H','E','N','W','H',
-    'E','R','E','N','A','M','E','A','F','T','E','R','E','P','L','A','C','E',
-    'A','N','D','E','F','A','U','L','T','A','U','T','O','I','N','C','R','E',
-    'M','E','N','T','C','A','S','T','C','O','L','U','M','N','C','O','M','M',
-    'I','T','C','O','N','F','L','I','C','T','C','R','O','S','S','C','U','R',
-    'R','E','N','T','_','T','I','M','E','S','T','A','M','P','R','I','M','A',
-    'R','Y','D','E','F','E','R','R','E','D','I','S','T','I','N','C','T','D',
-    'R','O','P','F','A','I','L','F','R','O','M','F','U','L','L','G','L','O',
-    'B','Y','I','F','I','S','N','U','L','L','O','R','D','E','R','E','S','T',
-    'R','I','C','T','R','I','G','H','T','R','O','L','L','B','A','C','K','R',
-    'O','W','U','N','I','O','N','U','S','I','N','G','V','A','C','U','U','M',
-    'V','I','E','W','I','N','I','T','I','A','L','L','Y',
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aHash[127] = {
-      76, 105, 117,  74,   0,  45,   0,   0,  82,   0,  77,   0,   0,
-      42,  12,  78,  15,   0, 116,  85,  54, 112,   0,  19,   0,   0,
-     121,   0, 119, 115,   0,  22,  93,   0,   9,   0,   0,  70,  71,
-       0,  69,   6,   0,  48,  90, 102,   0, 118, 101,   0,   0,  44,
-       0, 103,  24,   0,  17,   0, 122,  53,  23,   0,   5, 110,  25,
-      96,   0,   0, 124, 106,  60, 123,  57,  28,  55,   0,  91,   0,
-     100,  26,   0,  99,   0,   0,   0,  95,  92,  97,  88, 109,  14,
-      39, 108,   0,  81,   0,  18,  89, 111,  32,   0, 120,  80, 113,
-      62,  46,  84,   0,   0,  94,  40,  59, 114,   0,  36,   0,   0,
-      29,   0,  86,  63,  64,   0,  20,  61,   0,  56,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aNext[124] = {
-       0,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   2,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  13,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   7,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   0,   0,   0,  33,   0,  21,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  50,
-       0,  43,   3,  47,   0,   0,   0,   0,  30,   0,  58,   0,  38,
-       0,   0,   0,   1,  66,   0,   0,  67,   0,  41,   0,   0,   0,
-       0,   0,   0,  49,  65,   0,   0,   0,   0,  31,  52,  16,  34,
-      10,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,  11,  72,  79,   0,   8,
-       0, 104,  98,   0, 107,   0,  87,   0,  75,  51,   0,  27,  37,
-      73,  83,   0,  35,  68,   0,   0,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aLen[124] = {
-       7,   7,   5,   4,   6,   4,   5,   3,   6,   7,   3,   6,   6,
-       7,   7,   3,   8,   2,   6,   5,   4,   4,   3,  10,   4,   6,
-      11,   6,   2,   7,   5,   5,   9,   6,   9,   9,   7,  10,  10,
-       4,   6,   2,   3,   9,   4,   2,   6,   5,   7,   4,   5,   7,
-       6,   6,   5,   6,   5,   5,   9,   7,   7,   3,   2,   4,   4,
-       7,   3,   6,   4,   7,   6,  12,   6,   9,   4,   6,   5,   4,
-       7,   6,   5,   6,   7,   5,   4,   5,   6,   5,   7,   3,   7,
-      13,   2,   2,   4,   6,   6,   8,   5,  17,  12,   7,   8,   8,
-       2,   4,   4,   4,   4,   4,   2,   2,   6,   5,   8,   5,   8,
-       3,   5,   5,   6,   4,   9,   3,
-  };
-  static const unsigned short int aOffset[124] = {
-       0,   2,   2,   8,   9,  14,  16,  20,  23,  25,  25,  29,  33,
-      36,  41,  46,  48,  53,  54,  59,  62,  65,  67,  69,  78,  81,
-      86,  91,  95,  96, 101, 105, 109, 117, 122, 128, 136, 142, 152,
-     159, 162, 162, 165, 167, 167, 171, 176, 179, 184, 184, 188, 192,
-     199, 204, 209, 212, 218, 221, 225, 234, 240, 240, 240, 243, 246,
-     250, 251, 255, 261, 265, 272, 278, 290, 296, 305, 307, 313, 318,
-     320, 327, 332, 337, 343, 349, 354, 358, 361, 367, 371, 378, 380,
-     387, 389, 391, 400, 404, 410, 416, 424, 429, 429, 445, 452, 459,
-     460, 467, 471, 475, 479, 483, 486, 488, 490, 496, 500, 508, 513,
-     521, 524, 529, 534, 540, 544, 549,
-  };
-  static const unsigned char aCode[124] = {
-    TK_REINDEX,    TK_INDEXED,    TK_INDEX,      TK_DESC,       TK_ESCAPE,     
-    TK_EACH,       TK_CHECK,      TK_KEY,        TK_BEFORE,     TK_FOREIGN,    
-    TK_FOR,        TK_IGNORE,     TK_LIKE_KW,    TK_EXPLAIN,    TK_INSTEAD,    
-    TK_ADD,        TK_DATABASE,   TK_AS,         TK_SELECT,     TK_TABLE,      
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_THEN,       TK_END,        TK_DEFERRABLE, TK_ELSE,       
-    TK_EXCEPT,     TK_TRANSACTION,TK_ACTION,     TK_ON,         TK_JOIN_KW,    
-    TK_ALTER,      TK_RAISE,      TK_EXCLUSIVE,  TK_EXISTS,     TK_SAVEPOINT,  
-    TK_INTERSECT,  TK_TRIGGER,    TK_REFERENCES, TK_CONSTRAINT, TK_INTO,       
-    TK_OFFSET,     TK_OF,         TK_SET,        TK_TEMP,       TK_TEMP,       
-    TK_OR,         TK_UNIQUE,     TK_QUERY,      TK_WITHOUT,    TK_WITH,       
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RELEASE,    TK_ATTACH,     TK_HAVING,     TK_GROUP,      
-    TK_UPDATE,     TK_BEGIN,      TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_RECURSIVE,  TK_BETWEEN,    
-    TK_NOTNULL,    TK_NOT,        TK_NO,         TK_NULL,       TK_LIKE_KW,    
-    TK_CASCADE,    TK_ASC,        TK_DELETE,     TK_CASE,       TK_COLLATE,    
-    TK_CREATE,     TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_DETACH,     TK_IMMEDIATE,  TK_JOIN,       
-    TK_INSERT,     TK_MATCH,      TK_PLAN,       TK_ANALYZE,    TK_PRAGMA,     
-    TK_ABORT,      TK_VALUES,     TK_VIRTUAL,    TK_LIMIT,      TK_WHEN,       
-    TK_WHERE,      TK_RENAME,     TK_AFTER,      TK_REPLACE,    TK_AND,        
-    TK_DEFAULT,    TK_AUTOINCR,   TK_TO,         TK_IN,         TK_CAST,       
-    TK_COLUMNKW,   TK_COMMIT,     TK_CONFLICT,   TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_CTIME_KW,   
-    TK_CTIME_KW,   TK_PRIMARY,    TK_DEFERRED,   TK_DISTINCT,   TK_IS,         
-    TK_DROP,       TK_FAIL,       TK_FROM,       TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_LIKE_KW,    
-    TK_BY,         TK_IF,         TK_ISNULL,     TK_ORDER,      TK_RESTRICT,   
-    TK_JOIN_KW,    TK_ROLLBACK,   TK_ROW,        TK_UNION,      TK_USING,      
-    TK_VACUUM,     TK_VIEW,       TK_INITIALLY,  TK_ALL,        
-  };
   int i, j;
   const char *zKW;
   if( n>=2 ){
     i = ((charMap(z[0])*4) ^ (charMap(z[n-1])*3) ^ n) % 127;
-    for(i=((int)aHash[i])-1; i>=0; i=((int)aNext[i])-1){
-      if( aLen[i]!=n ) continue;
+    for(i=((int)aKWHash[i])-1; i>=0; i=((int)aKWNext[i])-1){
+      if( aKWLen[i]!=n ) continue;
       j = 0;
-      zKW = &zText[aOffset[i]];
+      zKW = &zKWText[aKWOffset[i]];
 #ifdef SQLITE_ASCII
       while( j<n && (z[j]&~0x20)==zKW[j] ){ j++; }
 #endif
@@ -139755,7 +142486,7 @@
       testcase( i==121 ); /* VIEW */
       testcase( i==122 ); /* INITIALLY */
       testcase( i==123 ); /* ALL */
-      *pType = aCode[i];
+      *pType = aKWCode[i];
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -140153,7 +142884,7 @@
       }else{
         tokenType = TK_SEMI;
       }
-      zSql -= n;
+      n = 0;
     }
     if( tokenType>=TK_SPACE ){
       assert( tokenType==TK_SPACE || tokenType==TK_ILLEGAL );
@@ -140608,6 +143339,10 @@
 */
 /* #include "sqlite3.h" */
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+# undef SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
+#endif
+
 #if 0
 extern "C" {
 #endif  /* __cplusplus */
@@ -140621,7 +143356,7 @@
 /************** End of rtree.h ***********************************************/
 /************** Continuing where we left off in main.c ***********************/
 #endif
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
 /************** Include sqliteicu.h in the middle of main.c ******************/
 /************** Begin file sqliteicu.h ***************************************/
 /*
@@ -140658,6 +143393,9 @@
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Json1Init(sqlite3*);
 #endif
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3*);
+#endif
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Fts5Init(sqlite3*);
 #endif
@@ -140674,11 +143412,13 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_libversion(void){ return sqlite3_version; }
 
-/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-63124-39300 The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns a
+/* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-25063-23286 The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns a
 ** pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the
-** SQLITE_SOURCE_ID C preprocessor macro. 
+** SQLITE_SOURCE_ID C preprocessor macro. Except if SQLite is built using
+** an edited copy of the amalgamation, then the last four characters of
+** the hash might be different from SQLITE_SOURCE_ID.
 */
-SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
+/* SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; } */
 
 /* IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-35210-63508 The sqlite3_libversion_number() function
 ** returns an integer equal to SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER.
@@ -141063,14 +143803,8 @@
       sqlite3GlobalConfig.bMemstat = va_arg(ap, int);
       break;
     }
-    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: {
-      /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-08404-60887 There are three arguments to
-      ** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH: A pointer an 8-byte aligned memory buffer from
-      ** which the scratch allocations will be drawn, the size of each scratch
-      ** allocation (sz), and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N). */
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.pScratch = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.szScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
-      sqlite3GlobalConfig.nScratch = va_arg(ap, int);
+    case SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC: {
+      sqlite3GlobalConfig.bSmallMalloc = va_arg(ap, int);
       break;
     }
     case SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE: {
@@ -141291,7 +144025,8 @@
 static int setupLookaside(sqlite3 *db, void *pBuf, int sz, int cnt){
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE
   void *pStart;
-  if( db->lookaside.nOut ){
+  
+  if( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)>0 ){
     return SQLITE_BUSY;
   }
   /* Free any existing lookaside buffer for this handle before
@@ -141319,16 +144054,18 @@
     pStart = pBuf;
   }
   db->lookaside.pStart = pStart;
+  db->lookaside.pInit = 0;
   db->lookaside.pFree = 0;
   db->lookaside.sz = (u16)sz;
   if( pStart ){
     int i;
     LookasideSlot *p;
     assert( sz > (int)sizeof(LookasideSlot*) );
+    db->lookaside.nSlot = cnt;
     p = (LookasideSlot*)pStart;
     for(i=cnt-1; i>=0; i--){
-      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pFree;
-      db->lookaside.pFree = p;
+      p->pNext = db->lookaside.pInit;
+      db->lookaside.pInit = p;
       p = (LookasideSlot*)&((u8*)p)[sz];
     }
     db->lookaside.pEnd = p;
@@ -141339,6 +144076,7 @@
     db->lookaside.pEnd = db;
     db->lookaside.bDisable = 1;
     db->lookaside.bMalloced = 0;
+    db->lookaside.nSlot = 0;
   }
 #endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_LOOKASIDE */
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -141420,6 +144158,8 @@
   va_start(ap, op);
   switch( op ){
     case SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME: {
+      /* IMP: R-06824-28531 */
+      /* IMP: R-36257-52125 */
       db->aDb[0].zDbSName = va_arg(ap,char*);
       rc = SQLITE_OK;
       break;
@@ -141441,6 +144181,8 @@
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER, SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION, SQLITE_LoadExtension  },
         { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE,      SQLITE_NoCkptOnClose  },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG,           SQLITE_EnableQPSG     },
+        { SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP,           SQLITE_TriggerEQP     },
       };
       unsigned int i;
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR; /* IMP: R-42790-23372 */
@@ -141448,7 +144190,7 @@
         if( aFlagOp[i].op==op ){
           int onoff = va_arg(ap, int);
           int *pRes = va_arg(ap, int*);
-          int oldFlags = db->flags;
+          u32 oldFlags = db->flags;
           if( onoff>0 ){
             db->flags |= aFlagOp[i].mask;
           }else if( onoff==0 ){
@@ -141497,6 +144239,7 @@
   /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-65033-28449 The built-in BINARY collation compares
   ** strings byte by byte using the memcmp() function from the standard C
   ** library. */
+  assert( pKey1 && pKey2 );
   rc = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, n);
   if( rc==0 ){
     if( padFlag
@@ -141854,7 +144597,7 @@
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
   db->magic = SQLITE_MAGIC_CLOSED;
   sqlite3_mutex_free(db->mutex);
-  assert( db->lookaside.nOut==0 );  /* Fails on a lookaside memory leak */
+  assert( sqlite3LookasideUsed(db,0)==0 );
   if( db->lookaside.bMalloced ){
     sqlite3_free(db->lookaside.pStart);
   }
@@ -141882,7 +144625,7 @@
   ** the database rollback and schema reset, which can cause false
   ** corruption reports in some cases.  */
   sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
-  schemaChange = (db->flags & SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0 && db->init.busy==0;
+  schemaChange = (db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0 && db->init.busy==0;
 
   for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
     Btree *p = db->aDb[i].pBt;
@@ -141896,7 +144639,7 @@
   sqlite3VtabRollback(db);
   sqlite3EndBenignMalloc();
 
-  if( (db->flags&SQLITE_InternChanges)!=0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
+  if( (db->mDbFlags&DBFLAG_SchemaChange)!=0 && db->init.busy==0 ){
     sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(db);
     sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(db);
   }
@@ -141937,9 +144680,10 @@
       case SQLITE_NOMEM:              zName = "SQLITE_NOMEM";             break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY:           zName = "SQLITE_READONLY";          break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_RECOVERY"; break;
-      case SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK"; break;
+      case SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT"; break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK:  zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK"; break;
       case SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED:   zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED";  break;
+      case SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY: zName = "SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY";break;
       case SQLITE_INTERRUPT:          zName = "SQLITE_INTERRUPT";         break;
       case SQLITE_IOERR:              zName = "SQLITE_IOERR";             break;
       case SQLITE_IOERR_READ:         zName = "SQLITE_IOERR_READ";        break;
@@ -142029,10 +144773,10 @@
 SQLITE_PRIVATE const char *sqlite3ErrStr(int rc){
   static const char* const aMsg[] = {
     /* SQLITE_OK          */ "not an error",
-    /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error or missing database",
+    /* SQLITE_ERROR       */ "SQL logic error",
     /* SQLITE_INTERNAL    */ 0,
     /* SQLITE_PERM        */ "access permission denied",
-    /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "callback requested query abort",
+    /* SQLITE_ABORT       */ "query aborted",
     /* SQLITE_BUSY        */ "database is locked",
     /* SQLITE_LOCKED      */ "database table is locked",
     /* SQLITE_NOMEM       */ "out of memory",
@@ -142044,17 +144788,21 @@
     /* SQLITE_FULL        */ "database or disk is full",
     /* SQLITE_CANTOPEN    */ "unable to open database file",
     /* SQLITE_PROTOCOL    */ "locking protocol",
-    /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ "table contains no data",
+    /* SQLITE_EMPTY       */ 0,
     /* SQLITE_SCHEMA      */ "database schema has changed",
     /* SQLITE_TOOBIG      */ "string or blob too big",
     /* SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  */ "constraint failed",
     /* SQLITE_MISMATCH    */ "datatype mismatch",
-    /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "library routine called out of sequence",
+    /* SQLITE_MISUSE      */ "bad parameter or other API misuse",
+#ifdef SQLITE_DISABLE_LFS
     /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ "large file support is disabled",
+#else
+    /* SQLITE_NOLFS       */ 0,
+#endif
     /* SQLITE_AUTH        */ "authorization denied",
-    /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ "auxiliary database format error",
-    /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "bind or column index out of range",
-    /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is encrypted or is not a database",
+    /* SQLITE_FORMAT      */ 0,
+    /* SQLITE_RANGE       */ "column index out of range",
+    /* SQLITE_NOTADB      */ "file is not a database",
   };
   const char *zErr = "unknown error";
   switch( rc ){
@@ -142794,7 +145542,8 @@
 ** checkpointed. If an error is encountered it is returned immediately -
 ** no attempt is made to checkpoint any remaining databases.
 **
-** Parameter eMode is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL or RESTART.
+** Parameter eMode is one of SQLITE_CHECKPOINT_PASSIVE, FULL, RESTART
+** or TRUNCATE.
 */
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3Checkpoint(sqlite3 *db, int iDb, int eMode, int *pnLog, int *pnCkpt){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */
@@ -142894,12 +145643,9 @@
     'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 'o', 'f', ' ', 'm', 'e', 'm', 'o', 'r', 'y', 0
   };
   static const u16 misuse[] = {
-    'l', 'i', 'b', 'r', 'a', 'r', 'y', ' ', 
-    'r', 'o', 'u', 't', 'i', 'n', 'e', ' ', 
-    'c', 'a', 'l', 'l', 'e', 'd', ' ', 
-    'o', 'u', 't', ' ', 
-    'o', 'f', ' ', 
-    's', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'e', 0
+    'b', 'a', 'd', ' ', 'p', 'a', 'r', 'a', 'm', 'e', 't', 'e', 'r', ' ',
+    'o', 'r', ' ', 'o', 't', 'h', 'e', 'r', ' ', 'A', 'P', 'I', ' ',
+    'm', 'i', 's', 'u', 's', 'e', 0
   };
 
   const void *z;
@@ -143434,26 +146180,6 @@
   if( rc ) return rc;
 #endif
 
-  /* Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.  
-  ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
-  ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
-  ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
-  ** are:
-  **
-  **  1:  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
-  **  2:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
-  **  6:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
-  */
-  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY  == 0x01 );
-  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE == 0x02 );
-  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE    == 0x04 );
-  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x02 ); /* READONLY */
-  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
-  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
-  if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
-    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-65497-44594 */
-  }
-
   if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex==0 ){
     isThreadsafe = 0;
   }else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_NOMUTEX ){
@@ -143463,6 +146189,7 @@
   }else{
     isThreadsafe = sqlite3GlobalConfig.bFullMutex;
   }
+
   if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_PRIVATECACHE ){
     flags &= ~SQLITE_OPEN_SHAREDCACHE;
   }else if( sqlite3GlobalConfig.sharedCacheEnabled ){
@@ -143495,13 +146222,20 @@
   /* Allocate the sqlite data structure */
   db = sqlite3MallocZero( sizeof(sqlite3) );
   if( db==0 ) goto opendb_out;
-  if( isThreadsafe ){
+  if( isThreadsafe 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_MULTITHREADED_CHECKS
+   || sqlite3GlobalConfig.bCoreMutex
+#endif
+  ){
     db->mutex = sqlite3MutexAlloc(SQLITE_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
     if( db->mutex==0 ){
       sqlite3_free(db);
       db = 0;
       goto opendb_out;
     }
+    if( isThreadsafe==0 ){
+      sqlite3MutexWarnOnContention(db->mutex);
+    }
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
   db->errMask = 0xff;
@@ -143545,6 +146279,9 @@
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER)
                  | SQLITE_Fts3Tokenizer
 #endif
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_QPSG)
+                 | SQLITE_EnableQPSG
+#endif
       ;
   sqlite3HashInit(&db->aCollSeq);
 #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
@@ -143572,9 +146309,30 @@
   db->pDfltColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, SQLITE_UTF8, sqlite3StrBINARY, 0);
   assert( db->pDfltColl!=0 );
 
-  /* Parse the filename/URI argument. */
+  /* Parse the filename/URI argument
+  **
+  ** Only allow sensible combinations of bits in the flags argument.  
+  ** Throw an error if any non-sense combination is used.  If we
+  ** do not block illegal combinations here, it could trigger
+  ** assert() statements in deeper layers.  Sensible combinations
+  ** are:
+  **
+  **  1:  SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY
+  **  2:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE
+  **  6:  SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE
+  */
   db->openFlags = flags;
-  rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
+  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READONLY  == 0x01 );
+  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE == 0x02 );
+  assert( SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE    == 0x04 );
+  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x02 ); /* READONLY */
+  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x04 ); /* READWRITE */
+  testcase( (1<<(flags&7))==0x40 ); /* READWRITE | CREATE */
+  if( ((1<<(flags&7)) & 0x46)==0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;  /* IMP: R-65497-44594 */
+  }else{
+    rc = sqlite3ParseUri(zVfs, zFilename, &flags, &db->pVfs, &zOpen, &zErrMsg);
+  }
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ) sqlite3OomFault(db);
     sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(db, rc, zErrMsg ? "%s" : 0, zErrMsg);
@@ -143659,7 +146417,7 @@
   }
 #endif
 
-#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU
+#if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
   if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3IcuInit(db);
   }
@@ -143671,6 +146429,12 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
+    rc = sqlite3DbpageRegister(db);
+  }
+#endif
+
 #ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB
   if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
     rc = sqlite3DbstatRegister(db);
@@ -143683,6 +146447,12 @@
   }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB
+  if( !db->mallocFailed && rc==SQLITE_OK){
+    rc = sqlite3StmtVtabInit(db);
+  }
+#endif
+
   /* -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=1 makes EXCLUSIVE the default locking
   ** mode.  -DSQLITE_DEFAULT_LOCKING_MODE=0 make NORMAL the default locking
   ** mode.  Doing nothing at all also makes NORMAL the default.
@@ -143949,31 +146719,37 @@
 **   2.  Invoke sqlite3_log() to provide the source code location where
 **       a low-level error is first detected.
 */
-static int reportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType){
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3ReportError(int iErr, int lineno, const char *zType){
   sqlite3_log(iErr, "%s at line %d of [%.10s]",
               zType, lineno, 20+sqlite3_sourceid());
   return iErr;
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, "database corruption");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, "database corruption");
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3MisuseError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_MISUSE, lineno, "misuse");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_MISUSE, lineno, "misuse");
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CantopenError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, lineno, "cannot open file");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CANTOPEN, lineno, "cannot open file");
 }
 #ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3CorruptPgnoError(int lineno, Pgno pgno){
+  char zMsg[100];
+  sqlite3_snprintf(sizeof(zMsg), zMsg, "database corruption page %d", pgno);
+  testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_CORRUPT, lineno, zMsg);
+}
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3NomemError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_NOMEM, lineno, "OOM");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_NOMEM, lineno, "OOM");
 }
 SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3IoerrnomemError(int lineno){
   testcase( sqlite3GlobalConfig.xLog!=0 );
-  return reportError(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM, lineno, "I/O OOM error");
+  return sqlite3ReportError(SQLITE_IOERR_NOMEM, lineno, "I/O OOM error");
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -144318,7 +147094,7 @@
     ** This action provides a run-time test to see how the ALWAYS and
     ** NEVER macros were defined at compile-time.
     **
-    ** The return value is ALWAYS(X).  
+    ** The return value is ALWAYS(X) if X is true, or 0 if X is false.
     **
     ** The recommended test is X==2.  If the return value is 2, that means
     ** ALWAYS() and NEVER() are both no-op pass-through macros, which is the
@@ -144341,7 +147117,7 @@
     */
     case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ALWAYS: {
       int x = va_arg(ap,int);
-      rc = ALWAYS(x);
+      rc = x ? ALWAYS(x) : 0;
       break;
     }
 
@@ -144408,22 +147184,6 @@
     }
 #endif 
 
-    /* sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC, sz, &pNew, pFree);
-    **
-    ** Pass pFree into sqlite3ScratchFree(). 
-    ** If sz>0 then allocate a scratch buffer into pNew.  
-    */
-    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC: {
-      void *pFree, **ppNew;
-      int sz;
-      sz = va_arg(ap, int);
-      ppNew = va_arg(ap, void**);
-      pFree = va_arg(ap, void*);
-      if( sz ) *ppNew = sqlite3ScratchMalloc(sz);
-      sqlite3ScratchFree(pFree);
-      break;
-    }
-
     /*   sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT, int onoff);
     **
     ** If parameter onoff is non-zero, configure the wrappers so that all
@@ -144517,6 +147277,22 @@
       sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
       break;
     }
+
+#if defined(YYCOVERAGE)
+    /*  sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE, FILE *out)
+    **
+    ** This test control (only available when SQLite is compiled with
+    ** -DYYCOVERAGE) writes a report onto "out" that shows all
+    ** state/lookahead combinations in the parser state machine
+    ** which are never exercised.  If any state is missed, make the
+    ** return code SQLITE_ERROR.
+    */
+    case SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE: {
+      FILE *out = va_arg(ap, FILE*);
+      if( sqlite3ParserCoverage(out) ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+      break;
+    }
+#endif /* defined(YYCOVERAGE) */
   }
   va_end(ap);
 #endif /* SQLITE_UNTESTABLE */
@@ -144565,7 +147341,7 @@
 ){
   const char *z = sqlite3_uri_parameter(zFilename, zParam);
   sqlite3_int64 v;
-  if( z && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &v)==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( z && sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(z, &v)==0 ){
     bDflt = v;
   }
   return bDflt;
@@ -144726,6 +147502,58 @@
 }
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_SNAPSHOT */
 
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS
+/*
+** Given the name of a compile-time option, return true if that option
+** was used and false if not.
+**
+** The name can optionally begin with "SQLITE_" but the "SQLITE_" prefix
+** is not required for a match.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_compileoption_used(const char *zOptName){
+  int i, n;
+  int nOpt;
+  const char **azCompileOpt;
+ 
+#if SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
+  if( zOptName==0 ){
+    (void)SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
+    return 0;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  azCompileOpt = sqlite3CompileOptions(&nOpt);
+
+  if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, "SQLITE_", 7)==0 ) zOptName += 7;
+  n = sqlite3Strlen30(zOptName);
+
+  /* Since nOpt is normally in single digits, a linear search is 
+  ** adequate. No need for a binary search. */
+  for(i=0; i<nOpt; i++){
+    if( sqlite3StrNICmp(zOptName, azCompileOpt[i], n)==0
+     && sqlite3IsIdChar((unsigned char)azCompileOpt[i][n])==0
+    ){
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the N-th compile-time option string.  If N is out of range,
+** return a NULL pointer.
+*/
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_compileoption_get(int N){
+  int nOpt;
+  const char **azCompileOpt;
+  azCompileOpt = sqlite3CompileOptions(&nOpt);
+  if( N>=0 && N<nOpt ){
+    return azCompileOpt[N];
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_COMPILEOPTION_DIAGS */
+
 /************** End of main.c ************************************************/
 /************** Begin file notify.c ******************************************/
 /*
@@ -147677,17 +150505,26 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Free all resources currently held by the cursor passed as the only
+** argument.
+*/
+static void fts3ClearCursor(Fts3Cursor *pCsr){
+  fts3CursorFinalizeStmt(pCsr);
+  sqlite3Fts3FreeDeferredTokens(pCsr);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
+  sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
+  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
+  memset(&(&pCsr->base)[1], 0, sizeof(Fts3Cursor)-sizeof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor));
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close the cursor.  For additional information see the documentation
 ** on the xClose method of the virtual table interface.
 */
 static int fts3CloseMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
   Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor *)pCursor;
   assert( ((Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab)->pSegments==0 );
-  fts3CursorFinalizeStmt(pCsr);
-  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
-  sqlite3Fts3FreeDeferredTokens(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
-  sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
+  fts3ClearCursor(pCsr);
   assert( ((Fts3Table *)pCsr->base.pVtab)->pSegments==0 );
   sqlite3_free(pCsr);
   return SQLITE_OK;
@@ -147713,7 +150550,7 @@
     }else{
       zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s WHERE rowid = ?", p->zReadExprlist);
       if( !zSql ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pCsr->pStmt, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pCsr->bSeekStmt = 1;
@@ -149188,11 +152025,7 @@
   assert( iIdx==nVal );
 
   /* In case the cursor has been used before, clear it now. */
-  fts3CursorFinalizeStmt(pCsr);
-  sqlite3_free(pCsr->aDoclist);
-  sqlite3Fts3MIBufferFree(pCsr->pMIBuffer);
-  sqlite3Fts3ExprFree(pCsr->pExpr);
-  memset(&pCursor[1], 0, sizeof(Fts3Cursor)-sizeof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor));
+  fts3ClearCursor(pCsr);
 
   /* Set the lower and upper bounds on docids to return */
   pCsr->iMinDocid = fts3DocidRange(pDocidGe, SMALLEST_INT64);
@@ -149250,7 +152083,7 @@
       );
     }
     if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pCsr->pStmt, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db,zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
@@ -149271,7 +152104,12 @@
 ** routine to find out if it has reached the end of a result set.
 */
 static int fts3EofMethod(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
-  return ((Fts3Cursor *)pCursor)->isEof;
+  Fts3Cursor *pCsr = (Fts3Cursor*)pCursor;
+  if( pCsr->isEof ){
+    fts3ClearCursor(pCsr);
+    pCsr->isEof = 1;
+  }
+  return pCsr->isEof;
 }
 
 /* 
@@ -149312,7 +152150,7 @@
   switch( iCol-p->nColumn ){
     case 0:
       /* The special 'table-name' column */
-      sqlite3_result_pointer(pCtx, pCsr);
+      sqlite3_result_pointer(pCtx, pCsr, "fts3cursor", 0);
       break;
 
     case 1:
@@ -149530,16 +152368,17 @@
   sqlite3_value *pVal,            /* argv[0] passed to function */
   Fts3Cursor **ppCsr              /* OUT: Store cursor handle here */
 ){
-  Fts3Cursor *pRet = (Fts3Cursor*)sqlite3_value_pointer(pVal);
-  if( pRet==0 ){
+  int rc;
+  *ppCsr = (Fts3Cursor*)sqlite3_value_pointer(pVal, "fts3cursor");
+  if( (*ppCsr)!=0 ){
+    rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
     char *zErr = sqlite3_mprintf("illegal first argument to %s", zFunc);
     sqlite3_result_error(pContext, zErr, -1);
     sqlite3_free(zErr);
-    *ppCsr = pRet;
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
+    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
   }
-  *ppCsr = pRet;
-  return SQLITE_OK;
+  return rc;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -156468,7 +159307,8 @@
     if( !zSql ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, NULL);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
+                              &pStmt, NULL);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
       p->aStmt[eStmt] = pStmt;
@@ -157434,7 +160274,7 @@
   ** safe (no risk of overread) even if the node data is corrupted. */
   pNext += fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nPrefix);
   pNext += fts3GetVarint32(pNext, &nSuffix);
-  if( nSuffix<=0 
+  if( nSuffix<=0
    || (&pReader->aNode[pReader->nNode] - pNext)<nSuffix
    || nPrefix>pReader->nTermAlloc
   ){
@@ -164278,7 +167118,8 @@
 **      child page.
 */
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) \
+  || (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE))
 
 #ifndef SQLITE_CORE
 /*   #include "sqlite3ext.h" */
@@ -164435,7 +167276,7 @@
 ** The smallest possible node-size is (512-64)==448 bytes. And the largest
 ** supported cell size is 48 bytes (8 byte rowid + ten 4 byte coordinates).
 ** Therefore all non-root nodes must contain at least 3 entries. Since 
-** 2^40 is greater than 2^64, an r-tree structure always has a depth of
+** 3^40 is greater than 2^64, an r-tree structure always has a depth of
 ** 40 or less.
 */
 #define RTREE_MAX_DEPTH 40
@@ -164565,15 +167406,6 @@
   void *pContext;
 };
 
-
-/*
-** Value for the first field of every RtreeMatchArg object. The MATCH
-** operator tests that the first field of a blob operand matches this
-** value to avoid operating on invalid blobs (which could cause a segfault).
-*/
-#define RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC 0x891245AB
-#define RTREE_GEOMETRY_SUBTYPE 0x52
-
 /*
 ** An instance of this structure (in the form of a BLOB) is returned by
 ** the SQL functions that sqlite3_rtree_geometry_callback() and
@@ -164581,7 +167413,7 @@
 ** operand to the MATCH operator of an R-Tree.
 */
 struct RtreeMatchArg {
-  u32 magic;                  /* Always RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC */
+  u32 iSize;                  /* Size of this object */
   RtreeGeomCallback cb;       /* Info about the callback functions */
   int nParam;                 /* Number of parameters to the SQL function */
   sqlite3_value **apSqlParam; /* Original SQL parameter values */
@@ -165876,37 +168708,17 @@
 ** operator.
 */
 static int deserializeGeometry(sqlite3_value *pValue, RtreeConstraint *pCons){
-  RtreeMatchArg *pBlob;              /* BLOB returned by geometry function */
+  RtreeMatchArg *pBlob, *pSrc;       /* BLOB returned by geometry function */
   sqlite3_rtree_query_info *pInfo;   /* Callback information */
-  int nBlob;                         /* Size of the geometry function blob */
-  int nExpected;                     /* Expected size of the BLOB */
 
-  /* Check that value is actually a blob. */
-  if( sqlite3_value_type(pValue)!=SQLITE_BLOB
-   || sqlite3_value_subtype(pValue)!=RTREE_GEOMETRY_SUBTYPE
-  ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  /* Check that the blob is roughly the right size. */
-  nBlob = sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
-  if( nBlob<(int)sizeof(RtreeMatchArg) ){
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
-
-  pInfo = (sqlite3_rtree_query_info*)sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pInfo)+nBlob );
+  pSrc = sqlite3_value_pointer(pValue, "RtreeMatchArg");
+  if( pSrc==0 ) return SQLITE_ERROR;
+  pInfo = (sqlite3_rtree_query_info*)
+                sqlite3_malloc64( sizeof(*pInfo)+pSrc->iSize );
   if( !pInfo ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
   memset(pInfo, 0, sizeof(*pInfo));
   pBlob = (RtreeMatchArg*)&pInfo[1];
-
-  memcpy(pBlob, sqlite3_value_blob(pValue), nBlob);
-  nExpected = (int)(sizeof(RtreeMatchArg) +
-                    pBlob->nParam*sizeof(sqlite3_value*) +
-                    (pBlob->nParam-1)*sizeof(RtreeDValue));
-  if( pBlob->magic!=RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC || nBlob!=nExpected ){
-    sqlite3_free(pInfo);
-    return SQLITE_ERROR;
-  }
+  memcpy(pBlob, pSrc, pSrc->iSize);
   pInfo->pContext = pBlob->cb.pContext;
   pInfo->nParam = pBlob->nParam;
   pInfo->aParam = pBlob->aParam;
@@ -166276,7 +169088,7 @@
 ){
   int rc;
   int ii;
-  RtreeNode *pNode;
+  RtreeNode *pNode = 0;
   rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, 1, 0, &pNode);
 
   for(ii=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && ii<(pRtree->iDepth-iHeight); ii++){
@@ -167108,7 +169920,7 @@
   int rc;                         /* Return code */
   RtreeNode *pLeaf = 0;           /* Leaf node containing record iDelete */
   int iCell;                      /* Index of iDelete cell in pLeaf */
-  RtreeNode *pRoot;               /* Root node of rtree structure */
+  RtreeNode *pRoot = 0;           /* Root node of rtree structure */
 
 
   /* Obtain a reference to the root node to initialize Rtree.iDepth */
@@ -167151,7 +169963,7 @@
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && pRtree->iDepth>0 && NCELL(pRoot)==1 ){
     int rc2;
-    RtreeNode *pChild;
+    RtreeNode *pChild = 0;
     i64 iChild = nodeGetRowid(pRtree, pRoot, 0);
     rc = nodeAcquire(pRtree, iChild, pRoot, &pChild);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -167592,7 +170404,8 @@
   for(i=0; i<N_STATEMENT && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
     char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[i], zDb, zPrefix);
     if( zSql ){
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, appStmt[i], 0); 
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
+                              appStmt[i], 0); 
     }else{
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -167667,6 +170480,10 @@
     rc = getIntFromStmt(db, zSql, &pRtree->iNodeSize);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
+    }else if( pRtree->iNodeSize<(512-64) ){
+      rc = SQLITE_CORRUPT_VTAB;
+      *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("undersize RTree blobs in \"%q_node\"",
+                               pRtree->zName);
     }
   }
 
@@ -167859,6 +170676,463 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Context object passed between the various routines that make up the
+** implementation of integrity-check function rtreecheck().
+*/
+typedef struct RtreeCheck RtreeCheck;
+struct RtreeCheck {
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database handle */
+  const char *zDb;                /* Database containing rtree table */
+  const char *zTab;               /* Name of rtree table */
+  int bInt;                       /* True for rtree_i32 table */
+  int nDim;                       /* Number of dimensions for this rtree tbl */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pGetNode;         /* Statement used to retrieve nodes */
+  sqlite3_stmt *aCheckMapping[2]; /* Statements to query %_parent/%_rowid */
+  int nLeaf;                      /* Number of leaf cells in table */
+  int nNonLeaf;                   /* Number of non-leaf cells in table */
+  int rc;                         /* Return code */
+  char *zReport;                  /* Message to report */
+  int nErr;                       /* Number of lines in zReport */
+};
+
+#define RTREE_CHECK_MAX_ERROR 100
+
+/*
+** Reset SQL statement pStmt. If the sqlite3_reset() call returns an error,
+** and RtreeCheck.rc==SQLITE_OK, set RtreeCheck.rc to the error code.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckReset(RtreeCheck *pCheck, sqlite3_stmt *pStmt){
+  int rc = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ) pCheck->rc = rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** The second and subsequent arguments to this function are a format string
+** and printf style arguments. This function formats the string and attempts
+** to compile it as an SQL statement.
+**
+** If successful, a pointer to the new SQL statement is returned. Otherwise,
+** NULL is returned and an error code left in RtreeCheck.rc.
+*/
+static sqlite3_stmt *rtreeCheckPrepare(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,             /* RtreeCheck object */
+  const char *zFmt, ...           /* Format string and trailing args */
+){
+  va_list ap;
+  char *z;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pRet = 0;
+
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    if( z==0 ){
+      pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      pCheck->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pCheck->db, z, -1, &pRet, 0);
+    }
+  }
+
+  sqlite3_free(z);
+  va_end(ap);
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** The second and subsequent arguments to this function are a printf()
+** style format string and arguments. This function formats the string and
+** appends it to the report being accumuated in pCheck.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckAppendMsg(RtreeCheck *pCheck, const char *zFmt, ...){
+  va_list ap;
+  va_start(ap, zFmt);
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK && pCheck->nErr<RTREE_CHECK_MAX_ERROR ){
+    char *z = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
+    if( z==0 ){
+      pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    }else{
+      pCheck->zReport = sqlite3_mprintf("%z%s%z", 
+          pCheck->zReport, (pCheck->zReport ? "\n" : ""), z
+      );
+      if( pCheck->zReport==0 ){
+        pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }
+    }
+    pCheck->nErr++;
+  }
+  va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is a no-op if there is already an error code stored
+** in the RtreeCheck object indicated by the first argument. NULL is
+** returned in this case.
+**
+** Otherwise, the contents of rtree table node iNode are loaded from
+** the database and copied into a buffer obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
+** If no error occurs, a pointer to the buffer is returned and (*pnNode)
+** is set to the size of the buffer in bytes.
+**
+** Or, if an error does occur, NULL is returned and an error code left
+** in the RtreeCheck object. The final value of *pnNode is undefined in
+** this case.
+*/
+static u8 *rtreeCheckGetNode(RtreeCheck *pCheck, i64 iNode, int *pnNode){
+  u8 *pRet = 0;                   /* Return value */
+
+  assert( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+  if( pCheck->pGetNode==0 ){
+    pCheck->pGetNode = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck,
+        "SELECT data FROM %Q.'%q_node' WHERE nodeno=?", 
+        pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab
+    );
+  }
+
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_bind_int64(pCheck->pGetNode, 1, iNode);
+    if( sqlite3_step(pCheck->pGetNode)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+      int nNode = sqlite3_column_bytes(pCheck->pGetNode, 0);
+      const u8 *pNode = (const u8*)sqlite3_column_blob(pCheck->pGetNode, 0);
+      pRet = sqlite3_malloc(nNode);
+      if( pRet==0 ){
+        pCheck->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+      }else{
+        memcpy(pRet, pNode, nNode);
+        *pnNode = nNode;
+      }
+    }
+    rtreeCheckReset(pCheck, pCheck->pGetNode);
+    if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK && pRet==0 ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Node %lld missing from database", iNode);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return pRet;
+}
+
+/*
+** This function is used to check that the %_parent (if bLeaf==0) or %_rowid
+** (if bLeaf==1) table contains a specified entry. The schemas of the
+** two tables are:
+**
+**   CREATE TABLE %_parent(nodeno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, parentnode INTEGER)
+**   CREATE TABLE %_rowid(rowid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, nodeno INTEGER)
+**
+** In both cases, this function checks that there exists an entry with
+** IPK value iKey and the second column set to iVal.
+**
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckMapping(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,             /* RtreeCheck object */
+  int bLeaf,                      /* True for a leaf cell, false for interior */
+  i64 iKey,                       /* Key for mapping */
+  i64 iVal                        /* Expected value for mapping */
+){
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
+  const char *azSql[2] = {
+    "SELECT parentnode FROM %Q.'%q_parent' WHERE nodeno=?",
+    "SELECT nodeno FROM %Q.'%q_rowid' WHERE rowid=?"
+  };
+
+  assert( bLeaf==0 || bLeaf==1 );
+  if( pCheck->aCheckMapping[bLeaf]==0 ){
+    pCheck->aCheckMapping[bLeaf] = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck,
+        azSql[bLeaf], pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab
+    );
+  }
+  if( pCheck->rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return;
+
+  pStmt = pCheck->aCheckMapping[bLeaf];
+  sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, 1, iKey);
+  rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_DONE ){
+    rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Mapping (%lld -> %lld) missing from %s table",
+        iKey, iVal, (bLeaf ? "%_rowid" : "%_parent")
+    );
+  }else if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+    i64 ii = sqlite3_column_int64(pStmt, 0);
+    if( ii!=iVal ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+          "Found (%lld -> %lld) in %s table, expected (%lld -> %lld)",
+          iKey, ii, (bLeaf ? "%_rowid" : "%_parent"), iKey, iVal
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  rtreeCheckReset(pCheck, pStmt);
+}
+
+/*
+** Argument pCell points to an array of coordinates stored on an rtree page.
+** This function checks that the coordinates are internally consistent (no
+** x1>x2 conditions) and adds an error message to the RtreeCheck object
+** if they are not.
+**
+** Additionally, if pParent is not NULL, then it is assumed to point to
+** the array of coordinates on the parent page that bound the page 
+** containing pCell. In this case it is also verified that the two
+** sets of coordinates are mutually consistent and an error message added
+** to the RtreeCheck object if they are not.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckCellCoord(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck, 
+  i64 iNode,                      /* Node id to use in error messages */
+  int iCell,                      /* Cell number to use in error messages */
+  u8 *pCell,                      /* Pointer to cell coordinates */
+  u8 *pParent                     /* Pointer to parent coordinates */
+){
+  RtreeCoord c1, c2;
+  RtreeCoord p1, p2;
+  int i;
+
+  for(i=0; i<pCheck->nDim; i++){
+    readCoord(&pCell[4*2*i], &c1);
+    readCoord(&pCell[4*(2*i + 1)], &c2);
+
+    /* printf("%e, %e\n", c1.u.f, c2.u.f); */
+    if( pCheck->bInt ? c1.i>c2.i : c1.f>c2.f ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+          "Dimension %d of cell %d on node %lld is corrupt", i, iCell, iNode
+      );
+    }
+
+    if( pParent ){
+      readCoord(&pParent[4*2*i], &p1);
+      readCoord(&pParent[4*(2*i + 1)], &p2);
+
+      if( (pCheck->bInt ? c1.i<p1.i : c1.f<p1.f) 
+       || (pCheck->bInt ? c2.i>p2.i : c2.f>p2.f)
+      ){
+        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+            "Dimension %d of cell %d on node %lld is corrupt relative to parent"
+            , i, iCell, iNode
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Run rtreecheck() checks on node iNode, which is at depth iDepth within
+** the r-tree structure. Argument aParent points to the array of coordinates
+** that bound node iNode on the parent node.
+**
+** If any problems are discovered, an error message is appended to the
+** report accumulated in the RtreeCheck object.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckNode(
+  RtreeCheck *pCheck,
+  int iDepth,                     /* Depth of iNode (0==leaf) */
+  u8 *aParent,                    /* Buffer containing parent coords */
+  i64 iNode                       /* Node to check */
+){
+  u8 *aNode = 0;
+  int nNode = 0;
+
+  assert( iNode==1 || aParent!=0 );
+  assert( pCheck->nDim>0 );
+
+  aNode = rtreeCheckGetNode(pCheck, iNode, &nNode);
+  if( aNode ){
+    if( nNode<4 ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+          "Node %lld is too small (%d bytes)", iNode, nNode
+      );
+    }else{
+      int nCell;                  /* Number of cells on page */
+      int i;                      /* Used to iterate through cells */
+      if( aParent==0 ){
+        iDepth = readInt16(aNode);
+        if( iDepth>RTREE_MAX_DEPTH ){
+          rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Rtree depth out of range (%d)", iDepth);
+          sqlite3_free(aNode);
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      nCell = readInt16(&aNode[2]);
+      if( (4 + nCell*(8 + pCheck->nDim*2*4))>nNode ){
+        rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, 
+            "Node %lld is too small for cell count of %d (%d bytes)", 
+            iNode, nCell, nNode
+        );
+      }else{
+        for(i=0; i<nCell; i++){
+          u8 *pCell = &aNode[4 + i*(8 + pCheck->nDim*2*4)];
+          i64 iVal = readInt64(pCell);
+          rtreeCheckCellCoord(pCheck, iNode, i, &pCell[8], aParent);
+
+          if( iDepth>0 ){
+            rtreeCheckMapping(pCheck, 0, iVal, iNode);
+            rtreeCheckNode(pCheck, iDepth-1, &pCell[8], iVal);
+            pCheck->nNonLeaf++;
+          }else{
+            rtreeCheckMapping(pCheck, 1, iVal, iNode);
+            pCheck->nLeaf++;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(aNode);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** The second argument to this function must be either "_rowid" or
+** "_parent". This function checks that the number of entries in the
+** %_rowid or %_parent table is exactly nExpect. If not, it adds
+** an error message to the report in the RtreeCheck object indicated
+** by the first argument.
+*/
+static void rtreeCheckCount(RtreeCheck *pCheck, const char *zTbl, i64 nExpect){
+  if( pCheck->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    sqlite3_stmt *pCount;
+    pCount = rtreeCheckPrepare(pCheck, "SELECT count(*) FROM %Q.'%q%s'",
+        pCheck->zDb, pCheck->zTab, zTbl
+    );
+    if( pCount ){
+      if( sqlite3_step(pCount)==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        i64 nActual = sqlite3_column_int64(pCount, 0);
+        if( nActual!=nExpect ){
+          rtreeCheckAppendMsg(pCheck, "Wrong number of entries in %%%s table"
+              " - expected %lld, actual %lld" , zTbl, nExpect, nActual
+          );
+        }
+      }
+      pCheck->rc = sqlite3_finalize(pCount);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** This function does the bulk of the work for the rtree integrity-check.
+** It is called by rtreecheck(), which is the SQL function implementation.
+*/
+static int rtreeCheckTable(
+  sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database handle to access db through */
+  const char *zDb,                /* Name of db ("main", "temp" etc.) */
+  const char *zTab,               /* Name of rtree table to check */
+  char **pzReport                 /* OUT: sqlite3_malloc'd report text */
+){
+  RtreeCheck check;               /* Common context for various routines */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;        /* Used to find column count of rtree table */
+  int bEnd = 0;                   /* True if transaction should be closed */
+
+  /* Initialize the context object */
+  memset(&check, 0, sizeof(check));
+  check.db = db;
+  check.zDb = zDb;
+  check.zTab = zTab;
+
+  /* If there is not already an open transaction, open one now. This is
+  ** to ensure that the queries run as part of this integrity-check operate
+  ** on a consistent snapshot.  */
+  if( sqlite3_get_autocommit(db) ){
+    check.rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "BEGIN", 0, 0, 0);
+    bEnd = 1;
+  }
+
+  /* Find number of dimensions in the rtree table. */
+  pStmt = rtreeCheckPrepare(&check, "SELECT * FROM %Q.%Q", zDb, zTab);
+  if( pStmt ){
+    int rc;
+    check.nDim = (sqlite3_column_count(pStmt) - 1) / 2;
+    if( check.nDim<1 ){
+      rtreeCheckAppendMsg(&check, "Schema corrupt or not an rtree");
+    }else if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
+      check.bInt = (sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, 1)==SQLITE_INTEGER);
+    }
+    rc = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_CORRUPT ) check.rc = rc;
+  }
+
+  /* Do the actual integrity-check */
+  if( check.nDim>=1 ){
+    if( check.rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rtreeCheckNode(&check, 0, 0, 1);
+    }
+    rtreeCheckCount(&check, "_rowid", check.nLeaf);
+    rtreeCheckCount(&check, "_parent", check.nNonLeaf);
+  }
+
+  /* Finalize SQL statements used by the integrity-check */
+  sqlite3_finalize(check.pGetNode);
+  sqlite3_finalize(check.aCheckMapping[0]);
+  sqlite3_finalize(check.aCheckMapping[1]);
+
+  /* If one was opened, close the transaction */
+  if( bEnd ){
+    int rc = sqlite3_exec(db, "END", 0, 0, 0);
+    if( check.rc==SQLITE_OK ) check.rc = rc;
+  }
+  *pzReport = check.zReport;
+  return check.rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Usage:
+**
+**   rtreecheck(<rtree-table>);
+**   rtreecheck(<database>, <rtree-table>);
+**
+** Invoking this SQL function runs an integrity-check on the named rtree
+** table. The integrity-check verifies the following:
+**
+**   1. For each cell in the r-tree structure (%_node table), that:
+**
+**       a) for each dimension, (coord1 <= coord2).
+**
+**       b) unless the cell is on the root node, that the cell is bounded
+**          by the parent cell on the parent node.
+**
+**       c) for leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the %_rowid 
+**          table corresponding to the cell's rowid value that 
+**          points to the correct node.
+**
+**       d) for cells on non-leaf nodes, that there is an entry in the 
+**          %_parent table mapping from the cell's child node to the
+**          node that it resides on.
+**
+**   2. That there are the same number of entries in the %_rowid table
+**      as there are leaf cells in the r-tree structure, and that there
+**      is a leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the %_rowid table.
+**
+**   3. That there are the same number of entries in the %_parent table
+**      as there are non-leaf cells in the r-tree structure, and that 
+**      there is a non-leaf cell that corresponds to each entry in the 
+**      %_parent table.
+*/
+static void rtreecheck(
+  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  int nArg, 
+  sqlite3_value **apArg
+){
+  if( nArg!=1 && nArg!=2 ){
+    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, 
+        "wrong number of arguments to function rtreecheck()", -1
+    );
+  }else{
+    int rc;
+    char *zReport = 0;
+    const char *zDb = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[0]);
+    const char *zTab;
+    if( nArg==1 ){
+      zTab = zDb;
+      zDb = "main";
+    }else{
+      zTab = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apArg[1]);
+    }
+    rc = rtreeCheckTable(sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx), zDb, zTab, &zReport);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zReport ? zReport : "ok", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_result_error_code(ctx, rc);
+    }
+    sqlite3_free(zReport);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** Register the r-tree module with database handle db. This creates the
 ** virtual table module "rtree" and the debugging/analysis scalar 
 ** function "rtreenode".
@@ -167872,6 +171146,9 @@
     rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreedepth", 1, utf8, 0,rtreedepth, 0, 0);
   }
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, "rtreecheck", -1, utf8, 0,rtreecheck, 0,0);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
 #ifdef SQLITE_RTREE_INT_ONLY
     void *c = (void *)RTREE_COORD_INT32;
 #else
@@ -167939,7 +171216,7 @@
     sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
   }else{
     int i;
-    pBlob->magic = RTREE_GEOMETRY_MAGIC;
+    pBlob->iSize = nBlob;
     pBlob->cb = pGeomCtx[0];
     pBlob->apSqlParam = (sqlite3_value**)&pBlob->aParam[nArg];
     pBlob->nParam = nArg;
@@ -167956,8 +171233,7 @@
       sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
       rtreeMatchArgFree(pBlob);
     }else{
-      sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, pBlob, nBlob, rtreeMatchArgFree);
-      sqlite3_result_subtype(ctx, RTREE_GEOMETRY_SUBTYPE);
+      sqlite3_result_pointer(ctx, pBlob, "RtreeMatchArg", rtreeMatchArgFree);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -168058,7 +171334,9 @@
 **     provide case-independent matching.
 */
 
-#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE)                  \
+ || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)             \
+ || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU_COLLATIONS)
 
 /* Include ICU headers */
 #include <unicode/utypes.h>
@@ -168076,6 +171354,26 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
+** This function is called when an ICU function called from within
+** the implementation of an SQL scalar function returns an error.
+**
+** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is 
+** loaded with an error message based on the following two args.
+*/
+static void icuFunctionError(
+  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* SQLite scalar function context */
+  const char *zName,           /* Name of ICU function that failed */
+  UErrorCode e                 /* Error code returned by ICU function */
+){
+  char zBuf[128];
+  sqlite3_snprintf(128, zBuf, "ICU error: %s(): %s", zName, u_errorName(e));
+  zBuf[127] = '\0';
+  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zBuf, -1);
+}
+
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
+
+/*
 ** Maximum length (in bytes) of the pattern in a LIKE or GLOB
 ** operator.
 */
@@ -168132,15 +171430,15 @@
   const uint8_t *zString,    /* The UTF-8 string to compare against */
   const UChar32 uEsc         /* The escape character */
 ){
-  static const int MATCH_ONE = (UChar32)'_';
-  static const int MATCH_ALL = (UChar32)'%';
+  static const uint32_t MATCH_ONE = (uint32_t)'_';
+  static const uint32_t MATCH_ALL = (uint32_t)'%';
 
   int prevEscape = 0;     /* True if the previous character was uEsc */
 
   while( 1 ){
 
     /* Read (and consume) the next character from the input pattern. */
-    UChar32 uPattern;
+    uint32_t uPattern;
     SQLITE_ICU_READ_UTF8(zPattern, uPattern);
     if( uPattern==0 ) break;
 
@@ -168182,16 +171480,16 @@
       if( *zString==0 ) return 0;
       SQLITE_ICU_SKIP_UTF8(zString);
 
-    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==uEsc){
+    }else if( !prevEscape && uPattern==(uint32_t)uEsc){
       /* Case 3. */
       prevEscape = 1;
 
     }else{
       /* Case 4. */
-      UChar32 uString;
+      uint32_t uString;
       SQLITE_ICU_READ_UTF8(zString, uString);
-      uString = u_foldCase(uString, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
-      uPattern = u_foldCase(uPattern, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
+      uString = (uint32_t)u_foldCase((UChar32)uString, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
+      uPattern = (uint32_t)u_foldCase((UChar32)uPattern, U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT);
       if( uString!=uPattern ){
         return 0;
       }
@@ -168255,24 +171553,6 @@
 }
 
 /*
-** This function is called when an ICU function called from within
-** the implementation of an SQL scalar function returns an error.
-**
-** The scalar function context passed as the first argument is 
-** loaded with an error message based on the following two args.
-*/
-static void icuFunctionError(
-  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* SQLite scalar function context */
-  const char *zName,           /* Name of ICU function that failed */
-  UErrorCode e                 /* Error code returned by ICU function */
-){
-  char zBuf[128];
-  sqlite3_snprintf(128, zBuf, "ICU error: %s(): %s", zName, u_errorName(e));
-  zBuf[127] = '\0';
-  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zBuf, -1);
-}
-
-/*
 ** Function to delete compiled regexp objects. Registered as
 ** a destructor function with sqlite3_set_auxdata().
 */
@@ -168437,6 +171717,8 @@
   assert( 0 );     /* Unreachable */
 }
 
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) */
+
 /*
 ** Collation sequence destructor function. The pCtx argument points to
 ** a UCollator structure previously allocated using ucol_open().
@@ -168531,6 +171813,7 @@
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
   } scalars[] = {
     {"icu_load_collation",  2, SQLITE_UTF8,                1, icuLoadCollation},
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU)
     {"regexp", 2, SQLITE_ANY|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,         0, icuRegexpFunc},
     {"lower",  1, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
     {"lower",  2, SQLITE_UTF16|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,       0, icuCaseFunc16},
@@ -168542,10 +171825,10 @@
     {"upper",  2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        1, icuCaseFunc16},
     {"like",   2, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuLikeFunc},
     {"like",   3, SQLITE_UTF8|SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC,        0, icuLikeFunc},
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_ICU) */
   };
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
   int i;
-
   
   for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<(int)(sizeof(scalars)/sizeof(scalars[0])); i++){
     const struct IcuScalar *p = &scalars[i];
@@ -169288,6 +172571,28 @@
 );
 
 /*
+** Configure a limit for the amount of temp space that may be used by
+** the RBU handle passed as the first argument. The new limit is specified
+** in bytes by the second parameter. If it is positive, the limit is updated.
+** If the second parameter to this function is passed zero, then the limit
+** is removed entirely. If the second parameter is negative, the limit is
+** not modified (this is useful for querying the current limit).
+**
+** In all cases the returned value is the current limit in bytes (zero 
+** indicates unlimited).
+**
+** If the temp space limit is exceeded during operation, an SQLITE_FULL
+** error is returned.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size_limit(sqlite3rbu*, sqlite3_int64);
+
+/*
+** Return the current amount of temp file space, in bytes, currently used by 
+** the RBU handle passed as the only argument.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu*);
+
+/*
 ** Internally, each RBU connection uses a separate SQLite database 
 ** connection to access the target and rbu update databases. This
 ** API allows the application direct access to these database handles.
@@ -169355,10 +172660,10 @@
 **
 ** If an error has already occurred as part of an sqlite3rbu_step()
 ** or sqlite3rbu_open() call, or if one occurs within this function, an
-** SQLite error code is returned. Additionally, *pzErrmsg may be set to
-** point to a buffer containing a utf-8 formatted English language error
-** message. It is the responsibility of the caller to eventually free any 
-** such buffer using sqlite3_free().
+** SQLite error code is returned. Additionally, if pzErrmsg is not NULL,
+** *pzErrmsg may be set to point to a buffer containing a utf-8 formatted
+** English language error message. It is the responsibility of the caller to
+** eventually free any such buffer using sqlite3_free().
 **
 ** Otherwise, if no error occurs, this function returns SQLITE_OK if the
 ** update has been partially applied, or SQLITE_DONE if it has been 
@@ -169413,7 +172718,7 @@
 ** table exists but is not correctly populated, the value of the *pnOne
 ** output variable during stage 1 is undefined.
 */
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_bp_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, int *pnOne, int *pnTwo);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3rbu_bp_progress(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, int *pnOne, int*pnTwo);
 
 /*
 ** Obtain an indication as to the current stage of an RBU update or vacuum.
@@ -169523,6 +172828,13 @@
 /* Maximum number of prepared UPDATE statements held by this module */
 #define SQLITE_RBU_UPDATE_CACHESIZE 16
 
+/* Delta checksums disabled by default.  Compile with -DRBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
+** to enable checksum verification.
+*/
+#ifndef RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
+# define RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM 0
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Swap two objects of type TYPE.
 */
@@ -169798,6 +173110,8 @@
   int pgsz;
   u8 *aBuf;
   i64 iWalCksum;
+  i64 szTemp;                     /* Current size of all temp files in use */
+  i64 szTempLimit;                /* Total size limit for temp files */
 
   /* Used in RBU vacuum mode only */
   int nRbu;                       /* Number of RBU VFS in the stack */
@@ -169806,23 +173120,34 @@
 
 /*
 ** An rbu VFS is implemented using an instance of this structure.
+**
+** Variable pRbu is only non-NULL for automatically created RBU VFS objects.
+** It is NULL for RBU VFS objects created explicitly using
+** sqlite3rbu_create_vfs(). It is used to track the total amount of temp
+** space used by the RBU handle.
 */
 struct rbu_vfs {
   sqlite3_vfs base;               /* rbu VFS shim methods */
   sqlite3_vfs *pRealVfs;          /* Underlying VFS */
   sqlite3_mutex *mutex;           /* Mutex to protect pMain */
-  rbu_file *pMain;                /* Linked list of main db files */
+  sqlite3rbu *pRbu;               /* Owner RBU object */
+  rbu_file *pMain;                /* List of main db files */
+  rbu_file *pMainRbu;             /* List of main db files with pRbu!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
 ** Each file opened by an rbu VFS is represented by an instance of
 ** the following structure.
+**
+** If this is a temporary file (pRbu!=0 && flags&DELETE_ON_CLOSE), variable
+** "sz" is set to the current size of the database file.
 */
 struct rbu_file {
   sqlite3_file base;              /* sqlite3_file methods */
   sqlite3_file *pReal;            /* Underlying file handle */
   rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs;               /* Pointer to the rbu_vfs object */
   sqlite3rbu *pRbu;               /* Pointer to rbu object (rbu target only) */
+  i64 sz;                         /* Size of file in bytes (temp only) */
 
   int openFlags;                  /* Flags this file was opened with */
   u32 iCookie;                    /* Cookie value for main db files */
@@ -169836,6 +173161,7 @@
   const char *zWal;               /* Wal filename for this main db file */
   rbu_file *pWalFd;               /* Wal file descriptor for this main db */
   rbu_file *pMainNext;            /* Next MAIN_DB file */
+  rbu_file *pMainRbuNext;         /* Next MAIN_DB file with pRbu!=0 */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -169885,6 +173211,7 @@
   return v;
 }
 
+#if RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
 /*
 ** Compute a 32-bit checksum on the N-byte buffer.  Return the result.
 */
@@ -169919,6 +173246,7 @@
   }
   return sum3;
 }
+#endif
 
 /*
 ** Apply a delta.
@@ -169949,7 +173277,7 @@
 ){
   unsigned int limit;
   unsigned int total = 0;
-#ifndef FOSSIL_OMIT_DELTA_CKSUM_TEST
+#if RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
   char *zOrigOut = zOut;
 #endif
 
@@ -170004,7 +173332,7 @@
       case ';': {
         zDelta++; lenDelta--;
         zOut[0] = 0;
-#ifndef FOSSIL_OMIT_DELTA_CKSUM_TEST
+#if RBU_ENABLE_DELTA_CKSUM
         if( cnt!=rbuDeltaChecksum(zOrigOut, total) ){
           /* ERROR:  bad checksum */
           return -1;
@@ -171212,7 +174540,7 @@
         int iCid = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 1);
         int bDesc = sqlite3_column_int(pXInfo, 3);
         const char *zCollate = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pXInfo, 4);
-        zCols = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d %s COLLATE %s", zCols, zComma, 
+        zCols = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d %s COLLATE %Q", zCols, zComma,
             iCid, pIter->azTblType[iCid], zCollate
         );
         zPk = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%sc%d%s", zPk, zComma, iCid, bDesc?" DESC":"");
@@ -171273,7 +174601,7 @@
         ** "PRIMARY KEY" to the imposter table column declaration. */
         zPk = "PRIMARY KEY ";
       }
-      zSql = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\" %s %sCOLLATE %s%s", 
+      zSql = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\" %s %sCOLLATE %Q%s",
           zSql, zComma, zCol, pIter->azTblType[iCol], zPk, zColl,
           (pIter->abNotNull[iCol] ? " NOT NULL" : "")
       );
@@ -172836,6 +176164,7 @@
     sqlite3_vfs *pVfs = sqlite3_vfs_find(zRnd);
     assert( pVfs );
     p->zVfsName = pVfs->zName;
+    ((rbu_vfs*)pVfs)->pRbu = p;
   }
 }
 
@@ -173208,13 +176537,18 @@
     /* Close the open database handle and VFS object. */
     sqlite3_close(p->dbRbu);
     sqlite3_close(p->dbMain);
+    assert( p->szTemp==0 );
     rbuDeleteVfs(p);
     sqlite3_free(p->aBuf);
     sqlite3_free(p->aFrame);
 
     rbuEditErrmsg(p);
     rc = p->rc;
-    *pzErrmsg = p->zErrmsg;
+    if( pzErrmsg ){
+      *pzErrmsg = p->zErrmsg;
+    }else{
+      sqlite3_free(p->zErrmsg);
+    }
     sqlite3_free(p->zState);
     sqlite3_free(p);
   }else{
@@ -173391,6 +176725,7 @@
 */
 
 static void rbuUnlockShm(rbu_file *p){
+  assert( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
   if( p->pRbu ){
     int (*xShmLock)(sqlite3_file*,int,int,int) = p->pReal->pMethods->xShmLock;
     int i;
@@ -173404,6 +176739,81 @@
 }
 
 /*
+*/
+static int rbuUpdateTempSize(rbu_file *pFd, sqlite3_int64 nNew){
+  sqlite3rbu *pRbu = pFd->pRbu;
+  i64 nDiff = nNew - pFd->sz;
+  pRbu->szTemp += nDiff;
+  pFd->sz = nNew;
+  assert( pRbu->szTemp>=0 );
+  if( pRbu->szTempLimit && pRbu->szTemp>pRbu->szTempLimit ) return SQLITE_FULL;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Add an item to the main-db lists, if it is not already present.
+**
+** There are two main-db lists. One for all file descriptors, and one
+** for all file descriptors with rbu_file.pDb!=0. If the argument has
+** rbu_file.pDb!=0, then it is assumed to already be present on the
+** main list and is only added to the pDb!=0 list.
+*/
+static void rbuMainlistAdd(rbu_file *p){
+  rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs = p->pRbuVfs;
+  rbu_file *pIter;
+  assert( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) );
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  if( p->pRbu==0 ){
+    for(pIter=pRbuVfs->pMain; pIter; pIter=pIter->pMainNext);
+    p->pMainNext = pRbuVfs->pMain;
+    pRbuVfs->pMain = p;
+  }else{
+    for(pIter=pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; pIter && pIter!=p; pIter=pIter->pMainRbuNext){}
+    if( pIter==0 ){
+      p->pMainRbuNext = pRbuVfs->pMainRbu;
+      pRbuVfs->pMainRbu = p;
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Remove an item from the main-db lists.
+*/
+static void rbuMainlistRemove(rbu_file *p){
+  rbu_file **pp;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMain; *pp && *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainNext)){}
+  if( *pp ) *pp = p->pMainNext;
+  p->pMainNext = 0;
+  for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; *pp && *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainRbuNext)){}
+  if( *pp ) *pp = p->pMainRbuNext;
+  p->pMainRbuNext = 0;
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+}
+
+/*
+** Given that zWal points to a buffer containing a wal file name passed to
+** either the xOpen() or xAccess() VFS method, search the main-db list for
+** a file-handle opened by the same database connection on the corresponding
+** database file.
+**
+** If parameter bRbu is true, only search for file-descriptors with
+** rbu_file.pDb!=0.
+*/
+static rbu_file *rbuFindMaindb(rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs, const char *zWal, int bRbu){
+  rbu_file *pDb;
+  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  if( bRbu ){
+    for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMainRbu; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainRbuNext){}
+  }else{
+    for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMain; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainNext){}
+  }
+  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+  return pDb;
+}
+
+/*
 ** Close an rbu file.
 */
 static int rbuVfsClose(sqlite3_file *pFile){
@@ -173420,14 +176830,14 @@
   sqlite3_free(p->zDel);
 
   if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-    rbu_file **pp;
-    sqlite3_mutex_enter(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
-    for(pp=&p->pRbuVfs->pMain; *pp!=p; pp=&((*pp)->pMainNext));
-    *pp = p->pMainNext;
-    sqlite3_mutex_leave(p->pRbuVfs->mutex);
+    rbuMainlistRemove(p);
     rbuUnlockShm(p);
     p->pReal->pMethods->xShmUnmap(p->pReal, 0);
   }
+  else if( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE) && p->pRbu ){
+    rbuUpdateTempSize(p, 0);
+  }
+  assert( p->pMainNext==0 && p->pRbuVfs->pMain!=p );
 
   /* Close the underlying file handle */
   rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xClose(p->pReal);
@@ -173545,11 +176955,19 @@
     assert( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB );
     rc = rbuCaptureDbWrite(p->pRbu, iOfst);
   }else{
-    if( pRbu && pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL 
-     && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL) 
-     && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz
-    ){
-      pRbu->iOalSz = iAmt + iOfst;
+    if( pRbu ){
+      if( pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL 
+       && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL) 
+       && iOfst>=pRbu->iOalSz
+      ){
+        pRbu->iOalSz = iAmt + iOfst;
+      }else if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE ){
+        i64 szNew = iAmt+iOfst;
+        if( szNew>p->sz ){
+          rc = rbuUpdateTempSize(p, szNew);
+          if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+        }
+      }
     }
     rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xWrite(p->pReal, zBuf, iAmt, iOfst);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iOfst==0 && (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB) ){
@@ -173568,6 +176986,10 @@
 */
 static int rbuVfsTruncate(sqlite3_file *pFile, sqlite_int64 size){
   rbu_file *p = (rbu_file*)pFile;
+  if( (p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_DELETEONCLOSE) && p->pRbu ){
+    int rc = rbuUpdateTempSize(p, size);
+    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+  }
   return p->pReal->pMethods->xTruncate(p->pReal, size);
 }
 
@@ -173674,6 +177096,9 @@
       }else if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ){
         pRbu->pTargetFd = p;
         p->pRbu = pRbu;
+        if( p->openFlags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
+          rbuMainlistAdd(p);
+        }
         if( p->pWalFd ) p->pWalFd->pRbu = pRbu;
         rc = SQLITE_OK;
       }
@@ -173835,20 +177260,6 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
-/*
-** Given that zWal points to a buffer containing a wal file name passed to 
-** either the xOpen() or xAccess() VFS method, return a pointer to the
-** file-handle opened by the same database connection on the corresponding
-** database file.
-*/
-static rbu_file *rbuFindMaindb(rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs, const char *zWal){
-  rbu_file *pDb;
-  sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-  for(pDb=pRbuVfs->pMain; pDb && pDb->zWal!=zWal; pDb=pDb->pMainNext){}
-  sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-  return pDb;
-}
-
 /* 
 ** A main database named zName has just been opened. The following 
 ** function returns a pointer to a buffer owned by SQLite that contains
@@ -173927,7 +177338,7 @@
       pFd->zWal = rbuMainToWal(zName, flags);
     }
     else if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_WAL ){
-      rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zName);
+      rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zName, 0);
       if( pDb ){
         if( pDb->pRbu && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
           /* This call is to open a *-wal file. Intead, open the *-oal. This
@@ -173957,6 +177368,8 @@
         pDb->pWalFd = pFd;
       }
     }
+  }else{
+    pFd->pRbu = pRbuVfs->pRbu;
   }
 
   if( oflags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB 
@@ -173977,10 +177390,7 @@
     ** mutex protected linked list of all such files.  */
     pFile->pMethods = &rbuvfs_io_methods;
     if( flags & SQLITE_OPEN_MAIN_DB ){
-      sqlite3_mutex_enter(pRbuVfs->mutex);
-      pFd->pMainNext = pRbuVfs->pMain;
-      pRbuVfs->pMain = pFd;
-      sqlite3_mutex_leave(pRbuVfs->mutex);
+      rbuMainlistAdd(pFd);
     }
   }else{
     sqlite3_free(pFd->zDel);
@@ -174028,12 +177438,14 @@
   **      file opened instead.
   */
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK && flags==SQLITE_ACCESS_EXISTS ){
-    rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zPath);
+    rbu_file *pDb = rbuFindMaindb(pRbuVfs, zPath, 1);
     if( pDb && pDb->pRbu && pDb->pRbu->eStage==RBU_STAGE_OAL ){
       if( *pResOut ){
         rc = SQLITE_CANTOPEN;
       }else{
-        *pResOut = 1;
+        sqlite3_int64 sz = 0;
+        rc = rbuVfsFileSize(&pDb->base, &sz);
+        *pResOut = (sz>0);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -174222,6 +177634,20 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+/*
+** Configure the aggregate temp file size limit for this RBU handle.
+*/
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size_limit(sqlite3rbu *pRbu, sqlite3_int64 n){
+  if( n>=0 ){
+    pRbu->szTempLimit = n;
+  }
+  return pRbu->szTempLimit;
+}
+
+SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3rbu_temp_size(sqlite3rbu *pRbu){
+  return pRbu->szTemp;
+}
+
 
 /**************************************************************************/
 
@@ -174925,6 +178351,9 @@
     0,                            /* xRollback */
     0,                            /* xFindMethod */
     0,                            /* xRename */
+    0,                            /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                            /* xRelease */
+    0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
   };
   return sqlite3_create_module(db, "dbstat", &dbstat_module, 0);
 }
@@ -174933,6 +178362,420 @@
 #endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB */
 
 /************** End of dbstat.c **********************************************/
+/************** Begin file dbpage.c ******************************************/
+/*
+** 2017-10-11
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+******************************************************************************
+**
+** This file contains an implementation of the "sqlite_dbpage" virtual table.
+**
+** The sqlite_dbpage virtual table is used to read or write whole raw
+** pages of the database file.  The pager interface is used so that 
+** uncommitted changes and changes recorded in the WAL file are correctly
+** retrieved.
+**
+** Usage example:
+**
+**    SELECT data FROM sqlite_dbpage('aux1') WHERE pgno=123;
+**
+** This is an eponymous virtual table so it does not need to be created before
+** use.  The optional argument to the sqlite_dbpage() table name is the
+** schema for the database file that is to be read.  The default schema is
+** "main".
+**
+** The data field of sqlite_dbpage table can be updated.  The new
+** value must be a BLOB which is the correct page size, otherwise the
+** update fails.  Rows may not be deleted or inserted.
+*/
+
+/* #include "sqliteInt.h"   ** Requires access to internal data structures ** */
+#if (defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB) || defined(SQLITE_TEST)) \
+    && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
+
+typedef struct DbpageTable DbpageTable;
+typedef struct DbpageCursor DbpageCursor;
+
+struct DbpageCursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;       /* Base class.  Must be first */
+  int pgno;                       /* Current page number */
+  int mxPgno;                     /* Last page to visit on this scan */
+  Pager *pPager;                  /* Pager being read/written */
+  DbPage *pPage1;                 /* Page 1 of the database */
+  int iDb;                        /* Index of database to analyze */
+  int szPage;                     /* Size of each page in bytes */
+};
+
+struct DbpageTable {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;              /* Base class.  Must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;                    /* The database */
+};
+
+/* Columns */
+#define DBPAGE_COLUMN_PGNO    0
+#define DBPAGE_COLUMN_DATA    1
+#define DBPAGE_COLUMN_SCHEMA  2
+
+
+
+/*
+** Connect to or create a dbpagevfs virtual table.
+*/
+static int dbpageConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
+          "CREATE TABLE x(pgno INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, data BLOB, schema HIDDEN)");
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pTab = (DbpageTable *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(DbpageTable));
+    if( pTab==0 ) rc = SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }
+
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pTab==0 );
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    memset(pTab, 0, sizeof(DbpageTable));
+    pTab->db = db;
+  }
+
+  *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pTab;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** Disconnect from or destroy a dbpagevfs virtual table.
+*/
+static int dbpageDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** idxNum:
+**
+**     0     schema=main, full table scan
+**     1     schema=main, pgno=?1
+**     2     schema=?1, full table scan
+**     3     schema=?1, pgno=?2
+*/
+static int dbpageBestIndex(sqlite3_vtab *tab, sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo){
+  int i;
+  int iPlan = 0;
+
+  /* If there is a schema= constraint, it must be honored.  Report a
+  ** ridiculously large estimated cost if the schema= constraint is
+  ** unavailable
+  */
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+    if( p->iColumn!=DBPAGE_COLUMN_SCHEMA ) continue;
+    if( p->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
+    if( !p->usable ){
+      /* No solution.  Use the default SQLITE_BIG_DBL cost */
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 0x7fffffff;
+      return SQLITE_OK;
+    }
+    iPlan = 2;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = 1;
+    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+    break;
+  }
+
+  /* If we reach this point, it means that either there is no schema=
+  ** constraint (in which case we use the "main" schema) or else the
+  ** schema constraint was accepted.  Lower the estimated cost accordingly
+  */
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0e6;
+
+  /* Check for constraints against pgno */
+  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++){
+    struct sqlite3_index_constraint *p = &pIdxInfo->aConstraint[i];
+    if( p->usable && p->iColumn<=0 && p->op==SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ){
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 1;
+      pIdxInfo->idxFlags = SQLITE_INDEX_SCAN_UNIQUE;
+      pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].argvIndex = iPlan ? 2 : 1;
+      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[i].omit = 1;
+      iPlan |= 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  pIdxInfo->idxNum = iPlan;
+
+  if( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy>=1
+   && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].iColumn<=0
+   && pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc==0
+  ){
+    pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Open a new dbpagevfs cursor.
+*/
+static int dbpageOpen(sqlite3_vtab *pVTab, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr;
+
+  pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)sqlite3_malloc64(sizeof(DbpageCursor));
+  if( pCsr==0 ){
+    return SQLITE_NOMEM_BKPT;
+  }else{
+    memset(pCsr, 0, sizeof(DbpageCursor));
+    pCsr->base.pVtab = pVTab;
+    pCsr->pgno = -1;
+  }
+
+  *ppCursor = (sqlite3_vtab_cursor *)pCsr;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Close a dbpagevfs cursor.
+*/
+static int dbpageClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  if( pCsr->pPage1 ) sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(pCsr->pPage1);
+  sqlite3_free(pCsr);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Move a dbpagevfs cursor to the next entry in the file.
+*/
+static int dbpageNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  pCsr->pgno++;
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int dbpageEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  return pCsr->pgno > pCsr->mxPgno;
+}
+
+/*
+** idxNum:
+**
+**     0     schema=main, full table scan
+**     1     schema=main, pgno=?1
+**     2     schema=?1, full table scan
+**     3     schema=?1, pgno=?2
+**
+** idxStr is not used
+*/
+static int dbpageFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pCursor->pVtab;
+  int rc;
+  sqlite3 *db = pTab->db;
+  Btree *pBt;
+
+  /* Default setting is no rows of result */
+  pCsr->pgno = 1; 
+  pCsr->mxPgno = 0;
+
+  if( idxNum & 2 ){
+    const char *zSchema;
+    assert( argc>=1 );
+    zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
+    pCsr->iDb = sqlite3FindDbName(db, zSchema);
+    if( pCsr->iDb<0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  }else{
+    pCsr->iDb = 0;
+  }
+  pBt = db->aDb[pCsr->iDb].pBt;
+  if( pBt==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
+  pCsr->pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
+  pCsr->szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
+  pCsr->mxPgno = sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pBt);
+  if( idxNum & 1 ){
+    assert( argc>(idxNum>>1) );
+    pCsr->pgno = sqlite3_value_int(argv[idxNum>>1]);
+    if( pCsr->pgno<1 || pCsr->pgno>pCsr->mxPgno ){
+      pCsr->pgno = 1;
+      pCsr->mxPgno = 0;
+    }else{
+      pCsr->mxPgno = pCsr->pgno;
+    }
+  }else{
+    assert( pCsr->pgno==1 );
+  }
+  if( pCsr->pPage1 ) sqlite3PagerUnrefPageOne(pCsr->pPage1);
+  rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pCsr->pPager, 1, &pCsr->pPage1, 0);
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int dbpageColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, 
+  sqlite3_context *ctx, 
+  int i
+){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  switch( i ){
+    case 0: {           /* pgno */
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, pCsr->pgno);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 1: {           /* data */
+      DbPage *pDbPage = 0;
+      rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pCsr->pPager, pCsr->pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, 0);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        sqlite3_result_blob(ctx, sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage), pCsr->szPage,
+                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      }
+      sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {          /* schema */
+      sqlite3 *db = sqlite3_context_db_handle(ctx);
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, db->aDb[pCsr->iDb].zDbSName, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int dbpageRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pCursor, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  DbpageCursor *pCsr = (DbpageCursor *)pCursor;
+  *pRowid = pCsr->pgno;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+static int dbpageUpdate(
+  sqlite3_vtab *pVtab,
+  int argc,
+  sqlite3_value **argv,
+  sqlite_int64 *pRowid
+){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
+  Pgno pgno;
+  DbPage *pDbPage = 0;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  char *zErr = 0;
+  const char *zSchema;
+  int iDb;
+  Btree *pBt;
+  Pager *pPager;
+  int szPage;
+
+  if( argc==1 ){
+    zErr = "cannot delete";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  pgno = sqlite3_value_int(argv[0]);
+  if( (Pgno)sqlite3_value_int(argv[1])!=pgno ){
+    zErr = "cannot insert";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  zSchema = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[4]);
+  iDb = zSchema ? sqlite3FindDbName(pTab->db, zSchema) : -1;
+  if( iDb<0 ){
+    zErr = "no such schema";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  pBt = pTab->db->aDb[iDb].pBt;
+  if( pgno<1 || pBt==0 || pgno>(int)sqlite3BtreeLastPage(pBt) ){
+    zErr = "bad page number";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  szPage = sqlite3BtreeGetPageSize(pBt);
+  if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[3])!=SQLITE_BLOB 
+   || sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[3])!=szPage
+  ){
+    zErr = "bad page value";
+    goto update_fail;
+  }
+  pPager = sqlite3BtreePager(pBt);
+  rc = sqlite3PagerGet(pPager, pgno, (DbPage**)&pDbPage, 0);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sqlite3PagerWrite(pDbPage);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      memcpy(sqlite3PagerGetData(pDbPage),
+             sqlite3_value_blob(argv[3]),
+             szPage);
+    }
+  }
+  sqlite3PagerUnref(pDbPage);
+  return rc;
+
+update_fail:
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab->zErrMsg);
+  pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", zErr);
+  return SQLITE_ERROR;
+}
+
+/* Since we do not know in advance which database files will be
+** written by the sqlite_dbpage virtual table, start a write transaction
+** on them all.
+*/
+static int dbpageBegin(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  DbpageTable *pTab = (DbpageTable *)pVtab;
+  sqlite3 *db = pTab->db;
+  int i;
+  for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
+    Btree *pBt = db->aDb[i].pBt;
+    if( pBt ) sqlite3BtreeBeginTrans(pBt, 1);
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Invoke this routine to register the "dbpage" virtual table module
+*/
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){
+  static sqlite3_module dbpage_module = {
+    0,                            /* iVersion */
+    dbpageConnect,                /* xCreate */
+    dbpageConnect,                /* xConnect */
+    dbpageBestIndex,              /* xBestIndex */
+    dbpageDisconnect,             /* xDisconnect */
+    dbpageDisconnect,             /* xDestroy */
+    dbpageOpen,                   /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+    dbpageClose,                  /* xClose - close a cursor */
+    dbpageFilter,                 /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+    dbpageNext,                   /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+    dbpageEof,                    /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+    dbpageColumn,                 /* xColumn - read data */
+    dbpageRowid,                  /* xRowid - read data */
+    dbpageUpdate,                 /* xUpdate */
+    dbpageBegin,                  /* xBegin */
+    0,                            /* xSync */
+    0,                            /* xCommit */
+    0,                            /* xRollback */
+    0,                            /* xFindMethod */
+    0,                            /* xRename */
+    0,                            /* xSavepoint */
+    0,                            /* xRelease */
+    0,                            /* xRollbackTo */
+  };
+  return sqlite3_create_module(db, "sqlite_dbpage", &dbpage_module, 0);
+}
+#elif defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_DBPAGE_VTAB)
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3DbpageRegister(sqlite3 *db){ return SQLITE_OK; }
+#endif /* SQLITE_ENABLE_DBSTAT_VTAB */
+
+/************** End of dbpage.c **********************************************/
 /************** Begin file sqlite3session.c **********************************/
 
 #if defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_SESSION) && defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_PREUPDATE_HOOK)
@@ -174982,6 +178825,7 @@
   int rc;                         /* Non-zero if an error has occurred */
   void *pFilterCtx;               /* First argument to pass to xTableFilter */
   int (*xTableFilter)(void *pCtx, const char *zTab);
+  sqlite3_value *pZeroBlob;       /* Value containing X'' */
   sqlite3_session *pNext;         /* Next session object on same db. */
   SessionTable *pTable;           /* List of attached tables */
   SessionHook hook;               /* APIs to grab new and old data with */
@@ -175049,6 +178893,7 @@
   SessionTable *pNext;
   char *zName;                    /* Local name of table */
   int nCol;                       /* Number of columns in table zName */
+  int bStat1;                     /* True if this is sqlite_stat1 */
   const char **azCol;             /* Column names */
   u8 *abPK;                       /* Array of primary key flags */
   int nEntry;                     /* Total number of entries in hash table */
@@ -175432,6 +179277,7 @@
         h = sessionHashAppendBlob(h, n, z);
       }else{
         assert( eType==SQLITE_NULL );
+        assert( pTab->bStat1==0 || i!=1 );
         *pbNullPK = 1;
       }
     }
@@ -175774,7 +179620,6 @@
         }
         if( memcmp(a, z, n) ) return 0;
         a += n;
-        break;
       }
     }
   }
@@ -175830,9 +179675,7 @@
 
 /*
 ** This function queries the database for the names of the columns of table
-** zThis, in schema zDb. It is expected that the table has nCol columns. If
-** not, SQLITE_SCHEMA is returned and none of the output variables are
-** populated.
+** zThis, in schema zDb.
 **
 ** Otherwise, if they are not NULL, variable *pnCol is set to the number
 ** of columns in the database table and variable *pzTab is set to point to a
@@ -175853,9 +179696,7 @@
 **     *pabPK  = {1, 0, 0, 1}
 **
 ** All returned buffers are part of the same single allocation, which must
-** be freed using sqlite3_free() by the caller. If pazCol was not NULL, then
-** pointer *pazCol should be freed to release all memory. Otherwise, pointer
-** *pabPK. It is illegal for both pazCol and pabPK to be NULL.
+** be freed using sqlite3_free() by the caller
 */
 static int sessionTableInfo(
   sqlite3 *db,                    /* Database connection */
@@ -175880,7 +179721,23 @@
   assert( pazCol && pabPK );
 
   nThis = sqlite3Strlen30(zThis);
-  zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA '%q'.table_info('%q')", zDb, zThis);
+  if( nThis==12 && 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", zThis) ){
+    rc = sqlite3_table_column_metadata(db, zDb, zThis, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      /* For sqlite_stat1, pretend that (tbl,idx) is the PRIMARY KEY. */
+      zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf(
+          "SELECT 0, 'tbl',  '', 0, '', 1     UNION ALL "
+          "SELECT 1, 'idx',  '', 0, '', 2     UNION ALL "
+          "SELECT 2, 'stat', '', 0, '', 0"
+      );
+    }else if( rc==SQLITE_ERROR ){
+      zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("");
+    }else{
+      return rc;
+    }
+  }else{
+    zPragma = sqlite3_mprintf("PRAGMA '%q'.table_info('%q')", zDb, zThis);
+  }
   if( !zPragma ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
 
   rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zPragma, -1, &pStmt, 0);
@@ -175972,12 +179829,56 @@
           break;
         }
       }
+      if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", pTab->zName) ){
+        pTab->bStat1 = 1;
+      }
     }
   }
   return (pSession->rc || pTab->abPK==0);
 }
 
 /*
+** Versions of the four methods in object SessionHook for use with the
+** sqlite_stat1 table. The purpose of this is to substitute a zero-length
+** blob each time a NULL value is read from the "idx" column of the
+** sqlite_stat1 table.
+*/
+typedef struct SessionStat1Ctx SessionStat1Ctx;
+struct SessionStat1Ctx {
+  SessionHook hook;
+  sqlite3_session *pSession;
+};
+static int sessionStat1Old(void *pCtx, int iCol, sqlite3_value **ppVal){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+  int rc = p->hook.xOld(p->hook.pCtx, iCol, &pVal);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCol==1 && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    pVal = p->pSession->pZeroBlob;
+  }
+  *ppVal = pVal;
+  return rc;
+}
+static int sessionStat1New(void *pCtx, int iCol, sqlite3_value **ppVal){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;
+  int rc = p->hook.xNew(p->hook.pCtx, iCol, &pVal);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && iCol==1 && sqlite3_value_type(pVal)==SQLITE_NULL ){
+    pVal = p->pSession->pZeroBlob;
+  }
+  *ppVal = pVal;
+  return rc;
+}
+static int sessionStat1Count(void *pCtx){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  return p->hook.xCount(p->hook.pCtx);
+}
+static int sessionStat1Depth(void *pCtx){
+  SessionStat1Ctx *p = (SessionStat1Ctx*)pCtx;
+  return p->hook.xDepth(p->hook.pCtx);
+}
+
+
+/*
 ** This function is only called from with a pre-update-hook reporting a 
 ** change on table pTab (attached to session pSession). The type of change
 ** (UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE) is specified by the first argument.
@@ -175993,6 +179894,7 @@
   int iHash; 
   int bNull = 0; 
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SessionStat1Ctx stat1;
 
   if( pSession->rc ) return;
 
@@ -176012,6 +179914,25 @@
     return;
   }
 
+  if( pTab->bStat1 ){
+    stat1.hook = pSession->hook;
+    stat1.pSession = pSession;
+    pSession->hook.pCtx = (void*)&stat1;
+    pSession->hook.xNew = sessionStat1New;
+    pSession->hook.xOld = sessionStat1Old;
+    pSession->hook.xCount = sessionStat1Count;
+    pSession->hook.xDepth = sessionStat1Depth;
+    if( pSession->pZeroBlob==0 ){
+      sqlite3_value *p = sqlite3ValueNew(0);
+      if( p==0 ){
+        rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
+        goto error_out;
+      }
+      sqlite3ValueSetStr(p, 0, "", 0, SQLITE_STATIC);
+      pSession->pZeroBlob = p;
+    }
+  }
+
   /* Calculate the hash-key for this change. If the primary key of the row
   ** includes a NULL value, exit early. Such changes are ignored by the
   ** session module. */
@@ -176101,6 +180022,9 @@
 
   /* If an error has occurred, mark the session object as failed. */
  error_out:
+  if( pTab->bStat1 ){
+    pSession->hook = stat1.hook;
+  }
   if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
     pSession->rc = rc;
   }
@@ -176437,7 +180361,6 @@
             if( abPK[i] ) bHasPk = 1;
           }
         }
-
       }
       sqlite3_free((char*)azCol);
       if( bMismatch ){
@@ -176563,6 +180486,7 @@
     }
   }
   sqlite3_mutex_leave(sqlite3_db_mutex(db));
+  sqlite3ValueFree(pSession->pZeroBlob);
 
   /* Delete all attached table objects. And the contents of their 
   ** associated hash-tables. */
@@ -177030,28 +180954,41 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt           /* OUT: Prepared SELECT statement */
 ){
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
-  int i;
-  const char *zSep = "";
-  SessionBuffer buf = {0, 0, 0};
+  char *zSql = 0;
+  int nSql = -1;
 
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, "SELECT * FROM ", &rc);
-  sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zDb, &rc);
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, ".", &rc);
-  sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zTab, &rc);
-  sessionAppendStr(&buf, " WHERE ", &rc);
-  for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
-    if( abPK[i] ){
-      sessionAppendStr(&buf, zSep, &rc);
-      sessionAppendIdent(&buf, azCol[i], &rc);
-      sessionAppendStr(&buf, " = ?", &rc);
-      sessionAppendInteger(&buf, i+1, &rc);
-      zSep = " AND ";
+  if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp("sqlite_stat1", zTab) ){
+    zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
+        "SELECT tbl, ?2, stat FROM %Q.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl IS ?1 AND "
+        "idx IS (CASE WHEN ?2=X'' THEN NULL ELSE ?2 END)", zDb
+    );
+  }else{
+    int i;
+    const char *zSep = "";
+    SessionBuffer buf = {0, 0, 0};
+
+    sessionAppendStr(&buf, "SELECT * FROM ", &rc);
+    sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zDb, &rc);
+    sessionAppendStr(&buf, ".", &rc);
+    sessionAppendIdent(&buf, zTab, &rc);
+    sessionAppendStr(&buf, " WHERE ", &rc);
+    for(i=0; i<nCol; i++){
+      if( abPK[i] ){
+        sessionAppendStr(&buf, zSep, &rc);
+        sessionAppendIdent(&buf, azCol[i], &rc);
+        sessionAppendStr(&buf, " IS ?", &rc);
+        sessionAppendInteger(&buf, i+1, &rc);
+        zSep = " AND ";
+      }
     }
+    zSql = (char*)buf.aBuf;
+    nSql = buf.nBuf;
   }
+
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, (char *)buf.aBuf, buf.nBuf, ppStmt, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, nSql, ppStmt, 0);
   }
-  sqlite3_free(buf.aBuf);
+  sqlite3_free(zSql);
   return rc;
 }
 
@@ -177772,11 +181709,12 @@
   p->in.iCurrent = p->in.iNext;
 
   op = p->in.aData[p->in.iNext++];
-  if( op=='T' || op=='P' ){
+  while( op=='T' || op=='P' ){
     p->bPatchset = (op=='P');
     if( sessionChangesetReadTblhdr(p) ) return p->rc;
     if( (p->rc = sessionInputBuffer(&p->in, 2)) ) return p->rc;
     p->in.iCurrent = p->in.iNext;
+    if( p->in.iNext>=p->in.nData ) return SQLITE_DONE;
     op = p->in.aData[p->in.iNext++];
   }
 
@@ -178219,7 +182157,7 @@
   int nCol;                       /* Size of azCol[] and abPK[] arrays */
   const char **azCol;             /* Array of column names */
   u8 *abPK;                       /* Boolean array - true if column is in PK */
-
+  int bStat1;                     /* True if table is sqlite_stat1 */
   int bDeferConstraints;          /* True to defer constraints */
   SessionBuffer constraints;      /* Deferred constraints are stored here */
 };
@@ -178389,6 +182327,7 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+
 /*
 ** Formulate and prepare an SQL statement to query table zTab by primary
 ** key. Assuming the following table structure:
@@ -178450,6 +182389,47 @@
   return rc;
 }
 
+static int sessionPrepare(sqlite3 *db, sqlite3_stmt **pp, const char *zSql){
+  return sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, zSql, -1, pp, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+** Prepare statements for applying changes to the sqlite_stat1 table.
+** These are similar to those created by sessionSelectRow(),
+** sessionInsertRow(), sessionUpdateRow() and sessionDeleteRow() for 
+** other tables.
+*/
+static int sessionStat1Sql(sqlite3 *db, SessionApplyCtx *p){
+  int rc = sessionSelectRow(db, "sqlite_stat1", p);
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sessionPrepare(db, &p->pInsert,
+        "INSERT INTO main.sqlite_stat1 VALUES(?1, "
+        "CASE WHEN length(?2)=0 AND typeof(?2)='blob' THEN NULL ELSE ?2 END, "
+        "?3)"
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sessionPrepare(db, &p->pUpdate,
+        "UPDATE main.sqlite_stat1 SET "
+        "tbl = CASE WHEN ?2 THEN ?3 ELSE tbl END, "
+        "idx = CASE WHEN ?5 THEN ?6 ELSE idx END, "
+        "stat = CASE WHEN ?8 THEN ?9 ELSE stat END  "
+        "WHERE tbl=?1 AND idx IS "
+        "CASE WHEN length(?4)=0 AND typeof(?4)='blob' THEN NULL ELSE ?4 END "
+        "AND (?10 OR ?8=0 OR stat IS ?7)"
+    );
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    rc = sessionPrepare(db, &p->pDelete,
+        "DELETE FROM main.sqlite_stat1 WHERE tbl=?1 AND idx IS "
+        "CASE WHEN length(?2)=0 AND typeof(?2)='blob' THEN NULL ELSE ?2 END "
+        "AND (?4 OR stat IS ?3)"
+    );
+  }
+  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK );
+  return rc;
+}
+
 /*
 ** A wrapper around sqlite3_bind_value() that detects an extra problem. 
 ** See comments in the body of this function for details.
@@ -178780,11 +182760,25 @@
 
   }else{
     assert( op==SQLITE_INSERT );
-    rc = sessionBindRow(pIter, sqlite3changeset_new, nCol, 0, p->pInsert);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+    if( p->bStat1 ){
+      /* Check if there is a conflicting row. For sqlite_stat1, this needs
+      ** to be done using a SELECT, as there is no PRIMARY KEY in the 
+      ** database schema to throw an exception if a duplicate is inserted.  */
+      rc = sessionSeekToRow(p->db, pIter, p->abPK, p->pSelect);
+      if( rc==SQLITE_ROW ){
+        rc = SQLITE_CONSTRAINT;
+        sqlite3_reset(p->pSelect);
+      }
+    }
 
-    sqlite3_step(p->pInsert);
-    rc = sqlite3_reset(p->pInsert);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = sessionBindRow(pIter, sqlite3changeset_new, nCol, 0, p->pInsert);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
+
+      sqlite3_step(p->pInsert);
+      rc = sqlite3_reset(p->pInsert);
+    }
+
     if( (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_CONSTRAINT ){
       rc = sessionConflictHandler(
           SQLITE_CHANGESET_CONFLICT, p, pIter, xConflict, pCtx, pbReplace
@@ -179017,12 +183011,20 @@
         }
         else{
           sApply.nCol = nCol;
-          if((rc = sessionSelectRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          || (rc = sessionUpdateRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          || (rc = sessionDeleteRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          || (rc = sessionInsertRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
-          ){
-            break;
+          if( 0==sqlite3_stricmp(zTab, "sqlite_stat1") ){
+            if( (rc = sessionStat1Sql(db, &sApply) ) ){
+              break;
+            }
+            sApply.bStat1 = 1;
+          }else{
+            if((rc = sessionSelectRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+                || (rc = sessionUpdateRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+                || (rc = sessionDeleteRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+                || (rc = sessionInsertRow(db, zTab, &sApply))
+              ){
+              break;
+            }
+            sApply.bStat1 = 0;
           }
         }
         nTab = sqlite3Strlen30(zTab);
@@ -183336,6 +187338,8 @@
   int bPrefix
 );
 
+static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(Fts5ExprPhrase*);
+
 static Fts5ExprNearset *sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(
   Fts5Parse*, 
   Fts5ExprNearset*,
@@ -183416,9 +187420,10 @@
 #define FTS5_STRING                           9
 #define FTS5_LP                              10
 #define FTS5_RP                              11
-#define FTS5_COMMA                           12
-#define FTS5_PLUS                            13
-#define FTS5_STAR                            14
+#define FTS5_CARET                           12
+#define FTS5_COMMA                           13
+#define FTS5_PLUS                            14
+#define FTS5_STAR                            15
 
 /*
 ** 2000-05-29
@@ -183519,30 +187524,32 @@
 **                       defined, then do no error processing.
 **    fts5YYNSTATE           the combined number of states.
 **    fts5YYNRULE            the number of rules in the grammar
+**    fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN           Number of terminal symbols
 **    fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT       Maximum value for shift actions
 **    fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE Minimum value for shift-reduce actions
 **    fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE Maximum value for shift-reduce actions
-**    fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 **    fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION    The fts5yy_action[] code for syntax error
 **    fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION   The fts5yy_action[] code for accept
 **    fts5YY_NO_ACTION       The fts5yy_action[] code for no-op
+**    fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE      Minimum value for reduce actions
+**    fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE      Maximum value for reduce actions
 */
 #ifndef INTERFACE
 # define INTERFACE 1
 #endif
 /************* Begin control #defines *****************************************/
 #define fts5YYCODETYPE unsigned char
-#define fts5YYNOCODE 28
+#define fts5YYNOCODE 29
 #define fts5YYACTIONTYPE unsigned char
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserFTS5TOKENTYPE Fts5Token
 typedef union {
   int fts5yyinit;
   sqlite3Fts5ParserFTS5TOKENTYPE fts5yy0;
   int fts5yy4;
-  Fts5Colset* fts5yy11;
-  Fts5ExprNode* fts5yy24;
-  Fts5ExprNearset* fts5yy46;
-  Fts5ExprPhrase* fts5yy53;
+  Fts5ExprPhrase* fts5yy11;
+  Fts5ExprNearset* fts5yy14;
+  Fts5Colset* fts5yy43;
+  Fts5ExprNode* fts5yy54;
 } fts5YYMINORTYPE;
 #ifndef fts5YYSTACKDEPTH
 #define fts5YYSTACKDEPTH 100
@@ -183551,16 +187558,17 @@
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_PDECL ,Fts5Parse *pParse
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_FETCH Fts5Parse *pParse = fts5yypParser->pParse
 #define sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_STORE fts5yypParser->pParse = pParse
-#define fts5YYNSTATE             33
-#define fts5YYNRULE              27
-#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT         32
-#define fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   50
-#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   76
-#define fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE        77
-#define fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE        103
-#define fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION      104
-#define fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     105
-#define fts5YY_NO_ACTION         106
+#define fts5YYNSTATE             35
+#define fts5YYNRULE              28
+#define fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN             16
+#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT         34
+#define fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE   52
+#define fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE   79
+#define fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION      80
+#define fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION     81
+#define fts5YY_NO_ACTION         82
+#define fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE        83
+#define fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE        110
 /************* End control #defines *******************************************/
 
 /* Define the fts5yytestcase() macro to be a no-op if is not already defined
@@ -183590,9 +187598,6 @@
 **   N between fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE       Shift to an arbitrary state then
 **     and fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE           reduce by rule N-fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE.
 **
-**   N between fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE
-**     and fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE
-**
 **   N == fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION               A syntax error has occurred.
 **
 **   N == fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION              The parser accepts its input.
@@ -183600,25 +187605,22 @@
 **   N == fts5YY_NO_ACTION                  No such action.  Denotes unused
 **                                      slots in the fts5yy_action[] table.
 **
+**   N between fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE            Reduce by rule N-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE
+**     and fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE
+**
 ** The action table is constructed as a single large table named fts5yy_action[].
 ** Given state S and lookahead X, the action is computed as either:
 **
 **    (A)   N = fts5yy_action[ fts5yy_shift_ofst[S] + X ]
 **    (B)   N = fts5yy_default[S]
 **
-** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if:
-**    (1)  The fts5yy_shift_ofst[S]+X value is out of range, or
-**    (2)  fts5yy_lookahead[fts5yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X, or
-**    (3)  fts5yy_shift_ofst[S] equal fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
-** (Implementation note: fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT is chosen so that
-** fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT+X will be out of range for all possible lookaheads X.
-** Hence only tests (1) and (2) need to be evaluated.)
+** The (A) formula is preferred.  The B formula is used instead if
+** fts5yy_lookahead[fts5yy_shift_ofst[S]+X] is not equal to X.
 **
 ** The formulas above are for computing the action when the lookahead is
 ** a terminal symbol.  If the lookahead is a non-terminal (as occurs after
 ** a reduce action) then the fts5yy_reduce_ofst[] array is used in place of
-** the fts5yy_shift_ofst[] array and fts5YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT is used in place of
-** fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT.
+** the fts5yy_shift_ofst[] array.
 **
 ** The following are the tables generated in this section:
 **
@@ -183632,54 +187634,56 @@
 **  fts5yy_default[]       Default action for each state.
 **
 *********** Begin parsing tables **********************************************/
-#define fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (98)
+#define fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT (105)
 static const fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_action[] = {
- /*     0 */   105,   19,   63,    6,   26,   66,   65,   24,   24,   17,
- /*    10 */    63,    6,   26,   16,   65,   54,   24,   18,   63,    6,
- /*    20 */    26,   10,   65,   12,   24,   75,   59,   63,    6,   26,
- /*    30 */    13,   65,   75,   24,   20,   63,    6,   26,   74,   65,
- /*    40 */    56,   24,   27,   63,    6,   26,   73,   65,   21,   24,
- /*    50 */    23,   15,   30,   11,    1,   64,   22,   25,    9,   65,
- /*    60 */     7,   24,    3,    4,    5,    3,    4,    5,    3,   77,
- /*    70 */     4,    5,    3,   61,   23,   15,   60,   11,   80,   12,
- /*    80 */     2,   13,   68,   10,   29,   52,   55,   75,   31,   32,
- /*    90 */     8,   28,    5,    3,   51,   55,   72,   14,
+ /*     0 */    81,   20,   96,    6,   28,   99,   98,   26,   26,   18,
+ /*    10 */    96,    6,   28,   17,   98,   56,   26,   19,   96,    6,
+ /*    20 */    28,   14,   98,  108,   26,   92,   96,    6,   28,   25,
+ /*    30 */    98,   78,   26,   21,   96,    6,   28,  107,   98,   58,
+ /*    40 */    26,   29,   96,    6,   28,   32,   98,   22,   26,   24,
+ /*    50 */    16,   23,   11,    1,   14,   13,   24,   16,   31,   11,
+ /*    60 */     3,   97,   13,   27,    8,   98,   82,   26,    7,    4,
+ /*    70 */     5,    3,    4,    5,    3,   83,    4,    5,    3,   63,
+ /*    80 */    33,   34,   62,   12,    2,   86,   13,   10,   12,   71,
+ /*    90 */    10,   13,   78,    5,    3,   78,    9,   30,   75,   82,
+ /*   100 */    54,   57,   53,   57,   15,
 };
 static const fts5YYCODETYPE fts5yy_lookahead[] = {
- /*     0 */    16,   17,   18,   19,   20,   22,   22,   24,   24,   17,
- /*    10 */    18,   19,   20,    7,   22,    9,   24,   17,   18,   19,
- /*    20 */    20,   10,   22,    9,   24,   14,   17,   18,   19,   20,
- /*    30 */     9,   22,   14,   24,   17,   18,   19,   20,   26,   22,
- /*    40 */     9,   24,   17,   18,   19,   20,   26,   22,   21,   24,
- /*    50 */     6,    7,   13,    9,   10,   18,   21,   20,    5,   22,
- /*    60 */     5,   24,    3,    1,    2,    3,    1,    2,    3,    0,
- /*    70 */     1,    2,    3,   11,    6,    7,   11,    9,    5,    9,
- /*    80 */    10,    9,   11,   10,   12,    8,    9,   14,   24,   25,
- /*    90 */    23,   24,    2,    3,    8,    9,    9,    9,
+ /*     0 */    17,   18,   19,   20,   21,   23,   23,   25,   25,   18,
+ /*    10 */    19,   20,   21,    7,   23,    9,   25,   18,   19,   20,
+ /*    20 */    21,    9,   23,   27,   25,   18,   19,   20,   21,   25,
+ /*    30 */    23,   15,   25,   18,   19,   20,   21,   27,   23,    9,
+ /*    40 */    25,   18,   19,   20,   21,   14,   23,   22,   25,    6,
+ /*    50 */     7,   22,    9,   10,    9,   12,    6,    7,   13,    9,
+ /*    60 */     3,   19,   12,   21,    5,   23,   28,   25,    5,    1,
+ /*    70 */     2,    3,    1,    2,    3,    0,    1,    2,    3,   11,
+ /*    80 */    25,   26,   11,    9,   10,    5,   12,   10,    9,   11,
+ /*    90 */    10,   12,   15,    2,    3,   15,   24,   25,    9,   28,
+ /*   100 */     8,    9,    8,    9,    9,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,
+ /*   110 */    28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,   28,
+ /*   120 */    28,
 };
-#define fts5YY_SHIFT_USE_DFLT (98)
-#define fts5YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (32)
+#define fts5YY_SHIFT_COUNT    (34)
 #define fts5YY_SHIFT_MIN      (0)
-#define fts5YY_SHIFT_MAX      (90)
+#define fts5YY_SHIFT_MAX      (95)
 static const unsigned char fts5yy_shift_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */    44,   44,   44,   44,   44,   44,   68,   70,   72,   14,
- /*    10 */    21,   73,   11,   18,   18,   31,   31,   62,   65,   69,
- /*    20 */    90,   77,   86,    6,   39,   53,   55,   59,   39,   87,
- /*    30 */    88,   39,   71,
+ /*     0 */    43,   43,   43,   43,   43,   43,   50,   74,   79,   45,
+ /*    10 */    12,   80,   77,   12,   16,   16,   30,   30,   68,   71,
+ /*    20 */    75,   91,   92,   94,    6,   31,   31,   59,   63,   57,
+ /*    30 */    31,   89,   95,   31,   78,
 };
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT (-18)
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_COUNT (16)
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-17)
-#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MAX   (67)
+#define fts5YY_REDUCE_COUNT (17)
+#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MIN   (-18)
+#define fts5YY_REDUCE_MAX   (72)
 static const signed char fts5yy_reduce_ofst[] = {
- /*     0 */   -16,   -8,    0,    9,   17,   25,   37,  -17,   64,  -17,
- /*    10 */    67,   12,   12,   12,   20,   27,   35,
+ /*     0 */   -17,   -9,   -1,    7,   15,   23,   42,  -18,  -18,   55,
+ /*    10 */    72,   -4,   -4,    4,   -4,   10,   25,   29,
 };
 static const fts5YYACTIONTYPE fts5yy_default[] = {
- /*     0 */   104,  104,  104,  104,  104,  104,   89,  104,   98,  104,
- /*    10 */   104,  103,  103,  103,  103,  104,  104,  104,  104,  104,
- /*    20 */    85,  104,  104,  104,   94,  104,  104,   84,   96,  104,
- /*    30 */   104,   97,  104,
+ /*     0 */    80,   80,   80,   80,   80,   80,   95,   80,   80,  105,
+ /*    10 */    80,  110,  110,   80,  110,  110,   80,   80,   80,   80,
+ /*    20 */    80,   91,   80,   80,   80,  101,  100,   80,   80,   90,
+ /*    30 */   103,   80,   80,  104,   80,
 };
 /********** End of lemon-generated parsing tables *****************************/
 
@@ -183744,6 +187748,7 @@
   fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystk0;          /* First stack entry */
 #else
   fts5yyStackEntry fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH];  /* The parser's stack */
+  fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yystackEnd;            /* Last entry in the stack */
 #endif
 };
 typedef struct fts5yyParser fts5yyParser;
@@ -183780,19 +187785,40 @@
 }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
-#ifndef NDEBUG
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG)
 /* For tracing shifts, the names of all terminals and nonterminals
 ** are required.  The following table supplies these names */
 static const char *const fts5yyTokenName[] = { 
-  "$",             "OR",            "AND",           "NOT",         
-  "TERM",          "COLON",         "MINUS",         "LCP",         
-  "RCP",           "STRING",        "LP",            "RP",          
-  "COMMA",         "PLUS",          "STAR",          "error",       
-  "input",         "expr",          "cnearset",      "exprlist",    
-  "colset",        "colsetlist",    "nearset",       "nearphrases", 
-  "phrase",        "neardist_opt",  "star_opt",    
+  /*    0 */ "$",
+  /*    1 */ "OR",
+  /*    2 */ "AND",
+  /*    3 */ "NOT",
+  /*    4 */ "TERM",
+  /*    5 */ "COLON",
+  /*    6 */ "MINUS",
+  /*    7 */ "LCP",
+  /*    8 */ "RCP",
+  /*    9 */ "STRING",
+  /*   10 */ "LP",
+  /*   11 */ "RP",
+  /*   12 */ "CARET",
+  /*   13 */ "COMMA",
+  /*   14 */ "PLUS",
+  /*   15 */ "STAR",
+  /*   16 */ "error",
+  /*   17 */ "input",
+  /*   18 */ "expr",
+  /*   19 */ "cnearset",
+  /*   20 */ "exprlist",
+  /*   21 */ "colset",
+  /*   22 */ "colsetlist",
+  /*   23 */ "nearset",
+  /*   24 */ "nearphrases",
+  /*   25 */ "phrase",
+  /*   26 */ "neardist_opt",
+  /*   27 */ "star_opt",
 };
-#endif /* NDEBUG */
+#endif /* defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE) || !defined(NDEBUG) */
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
 /* For tracing reduce actions, the names of all rules are required.
@@ -183816,15 +187842,16 @@
  /*  15 */ "cnearset ::= nearset",
  /*  16 */ "cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset",
  /*  17 */ "nearset ::= phrase",
- /*  18 */ "nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP",
- /*  19 */ "nearphrases ::= phrase",
- /*  20 */ "nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase",
- /*  21 */ "neardist_opt ::=",
- /*  22 */ "neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING",
- /*  23 */ "phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt",
- /*  24 */ "phrase ::= STRING star_opt",
- /*  25 */ "star_opt ::= STAR",
- /*  26 */ "star_opt ::=",
+ /*  18 */ "nearset ::= CARET phrase",
+ /*  19 */ "nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP",
+ /*  20 */ "nearphrases ::= phrase",
+ /*  21 */ "nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase",
+ /*  22 */ "neardist_opt ::=",
+ /*  23 */ "neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING",
+ /*  24 */ "phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt",
+ /*  25 */ "phrase ::= STRING star_opt",
+ /*  26 */ "star_opt ::= STAR",
+ /*  27 */ "star_opt ::=",
 };
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -183893,6 +187920,9 @@
   pParser->fts5yytos = pParser->fts5yystack;
   pParser->fts5yystack[0].stateno = 0;
   pParser->fts5yystack[0].major = 0;
+#if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0
+  pParser->fts5yystackEnd = &pParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH-1];
+#endif
 }
 
 #ifndef sqlite3Fts5Parser_ENGINEALWAYSONSTACK
@@ -183942,33 +187972,33 @@
     ** inside the C code.
     */
 /********* Begin destructor definitions ***************************************/
-    case 16: /* input */
+    case 17: /* input */
 {
  (void)pParse; 
 }
       break;
-    case 17: /* expr */
-    case 18: /* cnearset */
-    case 19: /* exprlist */
+    case 18: /* expr */
+    case 19: /* cnearset */
+    case 20: /* exprlist */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy24)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParseNodeFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy54)); 
 }
       break;
-    case 20: /* colset */
-    case 21: /* colsetlist */
+    case 21: /* colset */
+    case 22: /* colsetlist */
 {
- sqlite3_free((fts5yypminor->fts5yy11)); 
+ sqlite3_free((fts5yypminor->fts5yy43)); 
 }
       break;
-    case 22: /* nearset */
-    case 23: /* nearphrases */
+    case 23: /* nearset */
+    case 24: /* nearphrases */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy46)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParseNearsetFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy14)); 
 }
       break;
-    case 24: /* phrase */
+    case 25: /* phrase */
 {
- sqlite3Fts5ParsePhraseFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy53)); 
+ sqlite3Fts5ParsePhraseFree((fts5yypminor->fts5yy11)); 
 }
       break;
 /********* End destructor definitions *****************************************/
@@ -184039,6 +188069,43 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+/* This array of booleans keeps track of the parser statement
+** coverage.  The element fts5yycoverage[X][Y] is set when the parser
+** is in state X and has a lookahead token Y.  In a well-tested
+** systems, every element of this matrix should end up being set.
+*/
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE)
+static unsigned char fts5yycoverage[fts5YYNSTATE][fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN];
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Write into out a description of every state/lookahead combination that
+**
+**   (1)  has not been used by the parser, and
+**   (2)  is not a syntax error.
+**
+** Return the number of missed state/lookahead combinations.
+*/
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE)
+static int sqlite3Fts5ParserCoverage(FILE *out){
+  int stateno, iLookAhead, i;
+  int nMissed = 0;
+  for(stateno=0; stateno<fts5YYNSTATE; stateno++){
+    i = fts5yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    for(iLookAhead=0; iLookAhead<fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN; iLookAhead++){
+      if( fts5yy_lookahead[i+iLookAhead]!=iLookAhead ) continue;
+      if( fts5yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead]==0 ) nMissed++;
+      if( out ){
+        fprintf(out,"State %d lookahead %s %s\n", stateno,
+                fts5yyTokenName[iLookAhead],
+                fts5yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] ? "ok" : "missed");
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return nMissed;
+}
+#endif
+
 /*
 ** Find the appropriate action for a parser given the terminal
 ** look-ahead token iLookAhead.
@@ -184050,13 +188117,18 @@
   int i;
   int stateno = pParser->fts5yytos->stateno;
  
-  if( stateno>=fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE ) return stateno;
+  if( stateno>fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT ) return stateno;
   assert( stateno <= fts5YY_SHIFT_COUNT );
+#if defined(fts5YYCOVERAGE)
+  fts5yycoverage[stateno][iLookAhead] = 1;
+#endif
   do{
     i = fts5yy_shift_ofst[stateno];
+    assert( i>=0 && i+fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN<=sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead)/sizeof(fts5yy_lookahead[0]) );
     assert( iLookAhead!=fts5YYNOCODE );
+    assert( iLookAhead < fts5YYNFTS5TOKEN );
     i += iLookAhead;
-    if( i<0 || i>=fts5YY_ACTTAB_COUNT || fts5yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
+    if( fts5yy_lookahead[i]!=iLookAhead ){
 #ifdef fts5YYFALLBACK
       fts5YYCODETYPE iFallback;            /* Fallback token */
       if( iLookAhead<sizeof(fts5yyFallback)/sizeof(fts5yyFallback[0])
@@ -184119,7 +188191,6 @@
   assert( stateno<=fts5YY_REDUCE_COUNT );
 #endif
   i = fts5yy_reduce_ofst[stateno];
-  assert( i!=fts5YY_REDUCE_USE_DFLT );
   assert( iLookAhead!=fts5YYNOCODE );
   i += iLookAhead;
 #ifdef fts5YYERRORSYMBOL
@@ -184157,20 +188228,21 @@
 ** Print tracing information for a SHIFT action
 */
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-static void fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yyParser *fts5yypParser, int fts5yyNewState){
+static void fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yyParser *fts5yypParser, int fts5yyNewState, const char *zTag){
   if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
     if( fts5yyNewState<fts5YYNSTATE ){
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s', go to state %d\n",
-         fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major],
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', go to state %d\n",
+         fts5yyTracePrompt, zTag, fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major],
          fts5yyNewState);
     }else{
-      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sShift '%s'\n",
-         fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major]);
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%s%s '%s', pending reduce %d\n",
+         fts5yyTracePrompt, zTag, fts5yyTokenName[fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->major],
+         fts5yyNewState - fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE);
     }
   }
 }
 #else
-# define fts5yyTraceShift(X,Y)
+# define fts5yyTraceShift(X,Y,Z)
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -184191,7 +188263,7 @@
   }
 #endif
 #if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-  if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=&fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH] ){
+  if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
     fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
     fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
     return;
@@ -184212,43 +188284,44 @@
   fts5yytos->stateno = (fts5YYACTIONTYPE)fts5yyNewState;
   fts5yytos->major = (fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yyMajor;
   fts5yytos->minor.fts5yy0 = fts5yyMinor;
-  fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyNewState);
+  fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyNewState, "Shift");
 }
 
 /* The following table contains information about every rule that
 ** is used during the reduce.
 */
 static const struct {
-  fts5YYCODETYPE lhs;         /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
-  unsigned char nrhs;     /* Number of right-hand side symbols in the rule */
+  fts5YYCODETYPE lhs;       /* Symbol on the left-hand side of the rule */
+  signed char nrhs;     /* Negative of the number of RHS symbols in the rule */
 } fts5yyRuleInfo[] = {
-  { 16, 1 },
-  { 20, 4 },
-  { 20, 3 },
-  { 20, 1 },
-  { 20, 2 },
-  { 21, 2 },
-  { 21, 1 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 5 },
-  { 17, 3 },
-  { 17, 1 },
-  { 19, 1 },
-  { 19, 2 },
-  { 18, 1 },
-  { 18, 3 },
-  { 22, 1 },
-  { 22, 5 },
-  { 23, 1 },
-  { 23, 2 },
-  { 25, 0 },
-  { 25, 2 },
-  { 24, 4 },
-  { 24, 2 },
-  { 26, 1 },
-  { 26, 0 },
+  {   17,   -1 }, /* (0) input ::= expr */
+  {   21,   -4 }, /* (1) colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
+  {   21,   -3 }, /* (2) colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
+  {   21,   -1 }, /* (3) colset ::= STRING */
+  {   21,   -2 }, /* (4) colset ::= MINUS STRING */
+  {   22,   -2 }, /* (5) colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
+  {   22,   -1 }, /* (6) colsetlist ::= STRING */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (7) expr ::= expr AND expr */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (8) expr ::= expr OR expr */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (9) expr ::= expr NOT expr */
+  {   18,   -5 }, /* (10) expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
+  {   18,   -3 }, /* (11) expr ::= LP expr RP */
+  {   18,   -1 }, /* (12) expr ::= exprlist */
+  {   20,   -1 }, /* (13) exprlist ::= cnearset */
+  {   20,   -2 }, /* (14) exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
+  {   19,   -1 }, /* (15) cnearset ::= nearset */
+  {   19,   -3 }, /* (16) cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
+  {   23,   -1 }, /* (17) nearset ::= phrase */
+  {   23,   -2 }, /* (18) nearset ::= CARET phrase */
+  {   23,   -5 }, /* (19) nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
+  {   24,   -1 }, /* (20) nearphrases ::= phrase */
+  {   24,   -2 }, /* (21) nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
+  {   26,    0 }, /* (22) neardist_opt ::= */
+  {   26,   -2 }, /* (23) neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
+  {   25,   -4 }, /* (24) phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
+  {   25,   -2 }, /* (25) phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
+  {   27,   -1 }, /* (26) star_opt ::= STAR */
+  {   27,    0 }, /* (27) star_opt ::= */
 };
 
 static void fts5yy_accept(fts5yyParser*);  /* Forward Declaration */
@@ -184256,22 +188329,38 @@
 /*
 ** Perform a reduce action and the shift that must immediately
 ** follow the reduce.
+**
+** The fts5yyLookahead and fts5yyLookaheadToken parameters provide reduce actions
+** access to the lookahead token (if any).  The fts5yyLookahead will be fts5YYNOCODE
+** if the lookahead token has already been consumed.  As this procedure is
+** only called from one place, optimizing compilers will in-line it, which
+** means that the extra parameters have no performance impact.
 */
 static void fts5yy_reduce(
   fts5yyParser *fts5yypParser,         /* The parser */
-  unsigned int fts5yyruleno        /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  unsigned int fts5yyruleno,       /* Number of the rule by which to reduce */
+  int fts5yyLookahead,             /* Lookahead token, or fts5YYNOCODE if none */
+  sqlite3Fts5ParserFTS5TOKENTYPE fts5yyLookaheadToken  /* Value of the lookahead token */
 ){
   int fts5yygoto;                     /* The next state */
   int fts5yyact;                      /* The next action */
   fts5yyStackEntry *fts5yymsp;            /* The top of the parser's stack */
   int fts5yysize;                     /* Amount to pop the stack */
   sqlite3Fts5ParserARG_FETCH;
+  (void)fts5yyLookahead;
+  (void)fts5yyLookaheadToken;
   fts5yymsp = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos;
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( fts5yyTraceFILE && fts5yyruleno<(int)(sizeof(fts5yyRuleName)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleName[0])) ){
     fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs;
-    fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce [%s], go to state %d.\n", fts5yyTracePrompt,
-      fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno], fts5yymsp[-fts5yysize].stateno);
+    if( fts5yysize ){
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s], go to state %d.\n",
+        fts5yyTracePrompt,
+        fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno], fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE, "%sReduce %d [%s].\n",
+        fts5yyTracePrompt, fts5yyruleno, fts5yyRuleName[fts5yyruleno]);
+    }
   }
 #endif /* NDEBUG */
 
@@ -184286,7 +188375,7 @@
     }
 #endif
 #if fts5YYSTACKDEPTH>0 
-    if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=&fts5yypParser->fts5yystack[fts5YYSTACKDEPTH-1] ){
+    if( fts5yypParser->fts5yytos>=fts5yypParser->fts5yystackEnd ){
       fts5yyStackOverflow(fts5yypParser);
       return;
     }
@@ -184313,137 +188402,143 @@
 /********** Begin reduce actions **********************************************/
         fts5YYMINORTYPE fts5yylhsminor;
       case 0: /* input ::= expr */
-{ sqlite3Fts5ParseFinished(pParse, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24); }
+{ sqlite3Fts5ParseFinished(pParse, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54); }
         break;
       case 1: /* colset ::= MINUS LCP colsetlist RCP */
 { 
-    fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11);
+    fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43);
 }
         break;
       case 2: /* colset ::= LCP colsetlist RCP */
-{ fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11; }
+{ fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43; }
         break;
       case 3: /* colset ::= STRING */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43;
         break;
       case 4: /* colset ::= MINUS STRING */
 {
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11);
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0);
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColsetInvert(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43);
 }
         break;
       case 5: /* colsetlist ::= colsetlist STRING */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); }
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43;
         break;
       case 6: /* colsetlist ::= STRING */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); 
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43 = sqlite3Fts5ParseColset(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0); 
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy43 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy43;
         break;
       case 7: /* expr ::= expr AND expr */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_AND, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24, 0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_AND, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54, 0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 8: /* expr ::= expr OR expr */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_OR, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24, 0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_OR, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54, 0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 9: /* expr ::= expr NOT expr */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_NOT, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24, 0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_NOT, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54, 0);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 10: /* expr ::= colset COLON LP expr RP */
 {
-  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy11);
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24;
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy43);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54;
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 11: /* expr ::= LP expr RP */
-{fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24;}
+{fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54;}
         break;
       case 12: /* expr ::= exprlist */
       case 13: /* exprlist ::= cnearset */ fts5yytestcase(fts5yyruleno==13);
-{fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24;}
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+{fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54;}
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 14: /* exprlist ::= exprlist cnearset */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseImplicitAnd(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 15: /* cnearset ::= nearset */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46); 
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14); 
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 16: /* cnearset ::= colset COLON nearset */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46); 
-  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy11);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNode(pParse, FTS5_STRING, 0, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14); 
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetColset(pParse, fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy43);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy24 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy24;
+  fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy54 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy54;
         break;
       case 17: /* nearset ::= phrase */
-{ fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53); }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+{ fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11); }
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 18: /* nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
+      case 18: /* nearset ::= CARET phrase */
+{ 
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11);
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11); 
+}
+        break;
+      case 19: /* nearset ::= STRING LP nearphrases neardist_opt RP */
 {
   sqlite3Fts5ParseNear(pParse, &fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy0);
-  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetDistance(pParse, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy46, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0);
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy46;
+  sqlite3Fts5ParseSetDistance(pParse, fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy14, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = fts5yymsp[-2].minor.fts5yy14;
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+  fts5yymsp[-4].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 19: /* nearphrases ::= phrase */
+      case 20: /* nearphrases ::= phrase */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53); 
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, 0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11); 
 }
-  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+  fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 20: /* nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
+      case 21: /* nearphrases ::= nearphrases phrase */
 {
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy46, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy53);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14 = sqlite3Fts5ParseNearset(pParse, fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy14, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy11);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy46 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy46;
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy14 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy14;
         break;
-      case 21: /* neardist_opt ::= */
+      case 22: /* neardist_opt ::= */
 { fts5yymsp[1].minor.fts5yy0.p = 0; fts5yymsp[1].minor.fts5yy0.n = 0; }
         break;
-      case 22: /* neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
+      case 23: /* neardist_opt ::= COMMA STRING */
 { fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0 = fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy0; }
         break;
-      case 23: /* phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
+      case 24: /* phrase ::= phrase PLUS STRING star_opt */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy53, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy53 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53;
+  fts5yymsp[-3].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
         break;
-      case 24: /* phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
+      case 25: /* phrase ::= STRING star_opt */
 { 
-  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
+  fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11 = sqlite3Fts5ParseTerm(pParse, 0, &fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy0, fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4);
 }
-  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy53 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy53;
+  fts5yymsp[-1].minor.fts5yy11 = fts5yylhsminor.fts5yy11;
         break;
-      case 25: /* star_opt ::= STAR */
+      case 26: /* star_opt ::= STAR */
 { fts5yymsp[0].minor.fts5yy4 = 1; }
         break;
-      case 26: /* star_opt ::= */
+      case 27: /* star_opt ::= */
 { fts5yymsp[1].minor.fts5yy4 = 0; }
         break;
       default:
@@ -184453,21 +188548,20 @@
   assert( fts5yyruleno<sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfo)/sizeof(fts5yyRuleInfo[0]) );
   fts5yygoto = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].lhs;
   fts5yysize = fts5yyRuleInfo[fts5yyruleno].nrhs;
-  fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_reduce_action(fts5yymsp[-fts5yysize].stateno,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto);
-  if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
-    if( fts5yyact>fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT ){
-      fts5yyact += fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE - fts5YY_MIN_SHIFTREDUCE;
-    }
-    fts5yymsp -= fts5yysize-1;
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yytos = fts5yymsp;
-    fts5yymsp->stateno = (fts5YYACTIONTYPE)fts5yyact;
-    fts5yymsp->major = (fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto;
-    fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyact);
-  }else{
-    assert( fts5yyact == fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION );
-    fts5yypParser->fts5yytos -= fts5yysize;
-    fts5yy_accept(fts5yypParser);
-  }
+  fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_reduce_action(fts5yymsp[fts5yysize].stateno,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto);
+
+  /* There are no SHIFTREDUCE actions on nonterminals because the table
+  ** generator has simplified them to pure REDUCE actions. */
+  assert( !(fts5yyact>fts5YY_MAX_SHIFT && fts5yyact<=fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE) );
+
+  /* It is not possible for a REDUCE to be followed by an error */
+  assert( fts5yyact!=fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION );
+
+  fts5yymsp += fts5yysize+1;
+  fts5yypParser->fts5yytos = fts5yymsp;
+  fts5yymsp->stateno = (fts5YYACTIONTYPE)fts5yyact;
+  fts5yymsp->major = (fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yygoto;
+  fts5yyTraceShift(fts5yypParser, fts5yyact, "... then shift");
 }
 
 /*
@@ -184579,20 +188673,31 @@
 
 #ifndef NDEBUG
   if( fts5yyTraceFILE ){
-    fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s'\n",fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yymajor]);
+    int stateno = fts5yypParser->fts5yytos->stateno;
+    if( stateno < fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' in state %d\n",
+              fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yymajor],stateno);
+    }else{
+      fprintf(fts5yyTraceFILE,"%sInput '%s' with pending reduce %d\n",
+              fts5yyTracePrompt,fts5yyTokenName[fts5yymajor],stateno-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }
   }
 #endif
 
   do{
     fts5yyact = fts5yy_find_shift_action(fts5yypParser,(fts5YYCODETYPE)fts5yymajor);
-    if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
+    if( fts5yyact >= fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE ){
+      fts5yy_reduce(fts5yypParser,fts5yyact-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE,fts5yymajor,fts5yyminor);
+    }else if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_SHIFTREDUCE ){
       fts5yy_shift(fts5yypParser,fts5yyact,fts5yymajor,fts5yyminor);
 #ifndef fts5YYNOERRORRECOVERY
       fts5yypParser->fts5yyerrcnt--;
 #endif
       fts5yymajor = fts5YYNOCODE;
-    }else if( fts5yyact <= fts5YY_MAX_REDUCE ){
-      fts5yy_reduce(fts5yypParser,fts5yyact-fts5YY_MIN_REDUCE);
+    }else if( fts5yyact==fts5YY_ACCEPT_ACTION ){
+      fts5yypParser->fts5yytos--;
+      fts5yy_accept(fts5yypParser);
+      return;
     }else{
       assert( fts5yyact == fts5YY_ERROR_ACTION );
       fts5yyminorunion.fts5yy0 = fts5yyminor;
@@ -185072,6 +189177,16 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Return the value in pVal interpreted as utf-8 text. Except, if pVal 
+** contains a NULL value, return a pointer to a static string zero
+** bytes in length instead of a NULL pointer.
+*/
+static const char *fts5ValueToText(sqlite3_value *pVal){
+  const char *zRet = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pVal);
+  return zRet ? zRet : "";
+}
+
+/*
 ** Implementation of snippet() function.
 */
 static void fts5SnippetFunction(
@@ -185106,9 +189221,9 @@
   nCol = pApi->xColumnCount(pFts);
   memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof(HighlightContext));
   iCol = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[0]);
-  ctx.zOpen = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[1]);
-  ctx.zClose = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[2]);
-  zEllips = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(apVal[3]);
+  ctx.zOpen = fts5ValueToText(apVal[1]);
+  ctx.zClose = fts5ValueToText(apVal[2]);
+  zEllips = fts5ValueToText(apVal[3]);
   nToken = sqlite3_value_int(apVal[4]);
 
   iBestCol = (iCol>=0 ? iCol : 0);
@@ -186862,7 +190977,8 @@
 ** or term prefix.
 */
 struct Fts5ExprTerm {
-  int bPrefix;                    /* True for a prefix term */
+  u8 bPrefix;                     /* True for a prefix term */
+  u8 bFirst;                      /* True if token must be first in column */
   char *zTerm;                    /* nul-terminated term */
   Fts5IndexIter *pIter;           /* Iterator for this term */
   Fts5ExprTerm *pSynonym;         /* Pointer to first in list of synonyms */
@@ -186943,6 +191059,7 @@
     case '+':  tok = FTS5_PLUS;  break;
     case '*':  tok = FTS5_STAR;  break;
     case '-':  tok = FTS5_MINUS; break;
+    case '^':  tok = FTS5_CARET; break;
     case '\0': tok = FTS5_EOF;   break;
 
     case '"': {
@@ -187202,6 +191319,7 @@
   Fts5PoslistReader *aIter = aStatic;
   int i;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  int bFirst = pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst;
   
   fts5BufferZero(&pPhrase->poslist);
 
@@ -187256,8 +191374,10 @@
     }while( bMatch==0 );
 
     /* Append position iPos to the output */
-    rc = sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(&pPhrase->poslist, &writer, iPos);
-    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto ismatch_out;
+    if( bFirst==0 || FTS5_POS2OFFSET(iPos)==0 ){
+      rc = sqlite3Fts5PoslistWriterAppend(&pPhrase->poslist, &writer, iPos);
+      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) goto ismatch_out;
+    }
 
     for(i=0; i<pPhrase->nTerm; i++){
       if( sqlite3Fts5PoslistReaderNext(&aIter[i]) ) goto ismatch_out;
@@ -187511,7 +191631,9 @@
     ** phrase is not a match, break out of the loop early.  */
     for(i=0; rc==SQLITE_OK && i<pNear->nPhrase; i++){
       Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[i];
-      if( pPhrase->nTerm>1 || pPhrase->aTerm[0].pSynonym || pNear->pColset ){
+      if( pPhrase->nTerm>1 || pPhrase->aTerm[0].pSynonym 
+       || pNear->pColset || pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst
+      ){
         int bMatch = 0;
         rc = fts5ExprPhraseIsMatch(pNode, pPhrase, &bMatch);
         if( bMatch==0 ) break;
@@ -187692,6 +191814,7 @@
   assert( pNear->nPhrase>1 
        || pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1 
        || pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].pSynonym
+       || pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].bFirst
   );
 
   /* Initialize iLast, the "lastest" rowid any iterator points to. If the
@@ -188217,6 +192340,16 @@
 }
 
 /*
+** Set the "bFirst" flag on the first token of the phrase passed as the
+** only argument.
+*/
+static void sqlite3Fts5ParseSetCaret(Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase){
+  if( pPhrase && pPhrase->nTerm ){
+    pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
 ** If argument pNear is NULL, then a new Fts5ExprNearset object is allocated
 ** and populated with pPhrase. Or, if pNear is not NULL, phrase pPhrase is
 ** appended to it and the results returned.
@@ -188494,6 +192627,7 @@
       }
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
         sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bPrefix = pOrig->aTerm[i].bPrefix;
+        sCtx.pPhrase->aTerm[i].bFirst = pOrig->aTerm[i].bFirst;
       }
     }
   }else{
@@ -188512,7 +192646,10 @@
     pNew->pRoot->pNear->nPhrase = 1;
     sCtx.pPhrase->pNode = pNew->pRoot;
 
-    if( pOrig->nTerm==1 && pOrig->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0 ){
+    if( pOrig->nTerm==1 
+     && pOrig->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0 
+     && pOrig->aTerm[0].bFirst==0 
+    ){
       pNew->pRoot->eType = FTS5_TERM;
       pNew->pRoot->xNext = fts5ExprNodeNext_TERM;
     }else{
@@ -188786,6 +192923,7 @@
       Fts5ExprNearset *pNear = pNode->pNear;
       if( pNear->nPhrase==1 && pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm==1 
        && pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].pSynonym==0
+       && pNear->apPhrase[0]->aTerm[0].bFirst==0
       ){
         pNode->eType = FTS5_TERM;
         pNode->xNext = fts5ExprNodeNext_TERM;
@@ -188872,20 +193010,23 @@
           }
         }
 
-        if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL 
-         && (pNear->nPhrase!=1 || pNear->apPhrase[0]->nTerm>1)
-        ){
-          assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
-          pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
-          assert( pParse->zErr==0 );
-          pParse->zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
-              "fts5: %s queries are not supported (detail!=full)", 
-              pNear->nPhrase==1 ? "phrase": "NEAR"
-          );
-          sqlite3_free(pRet);
-          pRet = 0;
+        if( pParse->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          Fts5ExprPhrase *pPhrase = pNear->apPhrase[0];
+          if( pNear->nPhrase!=1 
+           || pPhrase->nTerm>1
+           || (pPhrase->nTerm>0 && pPhrase->aTerm[0].bFirst)
+          ){
+            assert( pParse->rc==SQLITE_OK );
+            pParse->rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
+            assert( pParse->zErr==0 );
+            pParse->zErr = sqlite3_mprintf(
+                "fts5: %s queries are not supported (detail!=full)", 
+                pNear->nPhrase==1 ? "phrase": "NEAR"
+                );
+            sqlite3_free(pRet);
+            pRet = 0;
+          }
         }
-
       }else{
         fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pLeft);
         fts5ExprAddChildren(pRet, pRight);
@@ -189763,10 +193904,11 @@
 
   for(i=0; i<pHash->nSlot; i++){
     while( apOld[i] ){
-      int iHash;
+      unsigned int iHash;
       Fts5HashEntry *p = apOld[i];
       apOld[i] = p->pHashNext;
-      iHash = fts5HashKey(nNew, (u8*)fts5EntryKey(p), strlen(fts5EntryKey(p)));
+      iHash = fts5HashKey(nNew, (u8*)fts5EntryKey(p),
+                          (int)strlen(fts5EntryKey(p)));
       p->pHashNext = apNew[iHash];
       apNew[iHash] = p;
     }
@@ -190069,7 +194211,7 @@
   int *pnDoclist                  /* OUT: Size of doclist in bytes */
 ){
   unsigned int iHash = fts5HashKey(pHash->nSlot, (const u8*)pTerm, nTerm);
-  char *zKey;
+  char *zKey = 0;
   Fts5HashEntry *p;
 
   for(p=pHash->aSlot[iHash]; p; p=p->pHashNext){
@@ -190857,7 +194999,8 @@
 ){
   if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     if( zSql ){
-      p->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(p->pConfig->db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, 0);
+      p->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
+                                 SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, ppStmt, 0);
     }else{
       p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }
@@ -190906,7 +195049,8 @@
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, &p->pDeleter, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
+                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->pDeleter, 0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
     }
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -195036,7 +199180,13 @@
     Fts5Buffer out = {0, 0, 0};
     Fts5Buffer tmp = {0, 0, 0};
 
-    if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &out, p1->n + p2->n) ) return;
+    /* The maximum size of the output is equal to the sum of the two 
+    ** input sizes + 1 varint (9 bytes). The extra varint is because if the
+    ** first rowid in one input is a large negative number, and the first in
+    ** the other a non-negative number, the delta for the non-negative
+    ** number will be larger on disk than the literal integer value
+    ** was.  */
+    if( sqlite3Fts5BufferSize(&p->rc, &out, p1->n + p2->n + 9) ) return;
     fts5DoclistIterInit(p1, &i1);
     fts5DoclistIterInit(p2, &i2);
 
@@ -195130,6 +199280,7 @@
       fts5MergeAppendDocid(&out, iLastRowid, i2.iRowid);
       fts5BufferSafeAppendBlob(&out, i2.aPoslist, i2.aEof - i2.aPoslist);
     }
+    assert( out.n<=(p1->n+p2->n+9) );
 
     fts5BufferSet(&p->rc, p1, out.n, out.p);
     fts5BufferFree(&tmp);
@@ -197505,7 +201656,8 @@
   if( zSql==0 ){
     rc = SQLITE_NOMEM; 
   }else{
-    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, &pRet, 0);
+    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, 
+                            SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pRet, 0);
     if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
       *pConfig->pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pConfig->db));
     }
@@ -197641,7 +201793,8 @@
     char *zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc, "SELECT %s", zRankArgs);
     if( zSql ){
       sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, &pStmt, 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
+                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pStmt, 0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pCsr->pRankArgStmt==0 );
       if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -199229,15 +203382,14 @@
 static void fts5Fts5Func(
   sqlite3_context *pCtx,          /* Function call context */
   int nArg,                       /* Number of args */
-  sqlite3_value **apUnused        /* Function arguments */
+  sqlite3_value **apArg           /* Function arguments */
 ){
   Fts5Global *pGlobal = (Fts5Global*)sqlite3_user_data(pCtx);
-  char buf[8];
-  UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
-  assert( nArg==0 );
-  assert( sizeof(buf)>=sizeof(pGlobal) );
-  memcpy(buf, (void*)&pGlobal, sizeof(pGlobal));
-  sqlite3_result_blob(pCtx, buf, sizeof(pGlobal), SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  fts5_api **ppApi;
+  UNUSED_PARAM(nArg);
+  assert( nArg==1 );
+  ppApi = (fts5_api**)sqlite3_value_pointer(apArg[0], "fts5_api_ptr");
+  if( ppApi ) *ppApi = &pGlobal->api;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -199250,7 +203402,7 @@
 ){
   assert( nArg==0 );
   UNUSED_PARAM2(nArg, apUnused);
-  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2018-12-19 17:05:48 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+  sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, "fts5: 2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234", -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
 }
 
 static int fts5Init(sqlite3 *db){
@@ -199302,7 +203454,7 @@
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) rc = sqlite3Fts5VocabInit(pGlobal, db);
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
       rc = sqlite3_create_function(
-          db, "fts5", 0, SQLITE_UTF8, p, fts5Fts5Func, 0, 0
+          db, "fts5", 1, SQLITE_UTF8, p, fts5Fts5Func, 0, 0
       );
     }
     if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
@@ -199504,7 +203656,8 @@
     if( zSql==0 ){
       rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
     }else{
-      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(pC->db, zSql, -1, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
+      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pC->db, zSql, -1,
+                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
       sqlite3_free(zSql);
       if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
         *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pC->db));
@@ -202477,6 +206630,11 @@
 **   the number of fts5 rows that contain at least one instance of term
 **   $term. Field $cnt is set to the total number of instances of term 
 **   $term in the database.
+**
+** instance:
+**     CREATE TABLE vocab(term, doc, col, offset, PRIMARY KEY(<all-fields>));
+**
+**   One row for each term instance in the database. 
 */
 
 
@@ -202492,7 +206650,7 @@
   char *zFts5Db;                  /* Db containing fts5 table */
   sqlite3 *db;                    /* Database handle */
   Fts5Global *pGlobal;            /* FTS5 global object for this database */
-  int eType;                      /* FTS5_VOCAB_COL or ROW */
+  int eType;                      /* FTS5_VOCAB_COL, ROW or INSTANCE */
 };
 
 struct Fts5VocabCursor {
@@ -202512,16 +206670,22 @@
   i64 *aCnt;
   i64 *aDoc;
 
-  /* Output values used by 'row' and 'col' tables */
+  /* Output values used by all tables. */
   i64 rowid;                      /* This table's current rowid value */
   Fts5Buffer term;                /* Current value of 'term' column */
+
+  /* Output values Used by 'instance' tables only */
+  i64 iInstPos;
+  int iInstOff;
 };
 
-#define FTS5_VOCAB_COL    0
-#define FTS5_VOCAB_ROW    1
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_COL      0
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_ROW      1
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE 2
 
 #define FTS5_VOCAB_COL_SCHEMA  "term, col, doc, cnt"
 #define FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  "term, doc, cnt"
+#define FTS5_VOCAB_INST_SCHEMA "term, doc, col, offset"
 
 /*
 ** Bits for the mask used as the idxNum value by xBestIndex/xFilter.
@@ -202549,6 +206713,9 @@
     if( sqlite3_stricmp(zCopy, "row")==0 ){
       *peType = FTS5_VOCAB_ROW;
     }else
+    if( sqlite3_stricmp(zCopy, "instance")==0 ){
+      *peType = FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE;
+    }else
     {
       *pzErr = sqlite3_mprintf("fts5vocab: unknown table type: %Q", zCopy);
       rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
@@ -202609,7 +206776,8 @@
 ){
   const char *azSchema[] = { 
     "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_COL_SCHEMA  ")", 
-    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  ")"
+    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_ROW_SCHEMA  ")",
+    "CREATE TABlE vocab(" FTS5_VOCAB_INST_SCHEMA ")"
   };
 
   Fts5VocabTable *pRet = 0;
@@ -202683,6 +206851,15 @@
 
 /* 
 ** Implementation of the xBestIndex method.
+**
+** Only constraints of the form:
+**
+**     term <= ?
+**     term == ?
+**     term >= ?
+**
+** are interpreted. Less-than and less-than-or-equal are treated 
+** identically, as are greater-than and greater-than-or-equal.
 */
 static int fts5VocabBestIndexMethod(
   sqlite3_vtab *pUnused,
@@ -202826,6 +207003,54 @@
   return SQLITE_OK;
 }
 
+static int fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  
+  if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pCsr->pIter) ){
+    pCsr->bEof = 1;
+  }else{
+    const char *zTerm;
+    int nTerm;
+    zTerm = sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(pCsr->pIter, &nTerm);
+    if( pCsr->nLeTerm>=0 ){
+      int nCmp = MIN(nTerm, pCsr->nLeTerm);
+      int bCmp = memcmp(pCsr->zLeTerm, zTerm, nCmp);
+      if( bCmp<0 || (bCmp==0 && pCsr->nLeTerm<nTerm) ){
+        pCsr->bEof = 1;
+      }
+    }
+
+    sqlite3Fts5BufferSet(&rc, &pCsr->term, nTerm, (const u8*)zTerm);
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+static int fts5VocabInstanceNext(Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr){
+  int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  Fts5IndexIter *pIter = pCsr->pIter;
+  i64 *pp = &pCsr->iInstPos;
+  int *po = &pCsr->iInstOff;
+  
+  while( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE
+      || sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pIter->pData, pIter->nData, po, pp) 
+  ){
+    pCsr->iInstPos = 0;
+    pCsr->iInstOff = 0;
+
+    rc = sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(pCsr->pIter);
+    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+      rc = fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(pCsr);
+      if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE ) break;
+    }
+    if( rc ){
+      pCsr->bEof = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return rc;
+}
 
 /*
 ** Advance the cursor to the next row in the table.
@@ -202838,13 +207063,17 @@
 
   pCsr->rowid++;
 
+  if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ){
+    return fts5VocabInstanceNext(pCsr);
+  }
+
   if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_COL ){
     for(pCsr->iCol++; pCsr->iCol<nCol; pCsr->iCol++){
       if( pCsr->aDoc[pCsr->iCol] ) break;
     }
   }
 
-  if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW || pCsr->iCol>=nCol ){
+  if( pTab->eType!=FTS5_VOCAB_COL || pCsr->iCol>=nCol ){
     if( sqlite3Fts5IterEof(pCsr->pIter) ){
       pCsr->bEof = 1;
     }else{
@@ -202868,22 +207097,26 @@
 
       assert( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_COL || pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW );
       while( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+        int eDetail = pCsr->pConfig->eDetail;
         const u8 *pPos; int nPos;   /* Position list */
         i64 iPos = 0;               /* 64-bit position read from poslist */
         int iOff = 0;               /* Current offset within position list */
 
         pPos = pCsr->pIter->pData;
         nPos = pCsr->pIter->nData;
-        switch( pCsr->pConfig->eDetail ){
-          case FTS5_DETAIL_FULL:
-            pPos = pCsr->pIter->pData;
-            nPos = pCsr->pIter->nData;
-            if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW ){
+
+        switch( pTab->eType ){
+          case FTS5_VOCAB_ROW:
+            if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff, &iPos) ){
                 pCsr->aCnt[0]++;
               }
-              pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
-            }else{
+            }
+            pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
+            break;
+
+          case FTS5_VOCAB_COL:
+            if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
               int iCol = -1;
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff, &iPos) ){
                 int ii = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(iPos);
@@ -202897,13 +207130,7 @@
                   iCol = ii;
                 }
               }
-            }
-            break;
-
-          case FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS:
-            if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW ){
-              pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
-            }else{
+            }else if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
               while( 0==sqlite3Fts5PoslistNext64(pPos, nPos, &iOff,&iPos) ){
                 assert_nc( iPos>=0 && iPos<nCol );
                 if( iPos>=nCol ){
@@ -202912,18 +207139,21 @@
                 }
                 pCsr->aDoc[iPos]++;
               }
+            }else{
+              assert( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE );
+              pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
             }
             break;
 
-          default: 
-            assert( pCsr->pConfig->eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_NONE );
-            pCsr->aDoc[0]++;
+          default:
+            assert( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE );
             break;
         }
 
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           rc = sqlite3Fts5IterNextScan(pCsr->pIter);
         }
+        if( pTab->eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ) break;
 
         if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
           zTerm = sqlite3Fts5IterTerm(pCsr->pIter, &nTerm);
@@ -202953,7 +207183,9 @@
   int nUnused,                    /* Number of elements in apVal */
   sqlite3_value **apVal           /* Arguments for the indexing scheme */
 ){
+  Fts5VocabTable *pTab = (Fts5VocabTable*)pCursor->pVtab;
   Fts5VocabCursor *pCsr = (Fts5VocabCursor*)pCursor;
+  int eType = pTab->eType;
   int rc = SQLITE_OK;
 
   int iVal = 0;
@@ -202993,11 +207225,16 @@
     }
   }
 
-
   if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
     rc = sqlite3Fts5IndexQuery(pCsr->pIndex, zTerm, nTerm, f, 0, &pCsr->pIter);
   }
-  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE ){
+    rc = fts5VocabInstanceNewTerm(pCsr);
+  }
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK 
+   && !pCsr->bEof 
+   && (eType!=FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE || pCsr->pConfig->eDetail!=FTS5_DETAIL_NONE)
+  ){
     rc = fts5VocabNextMethod(pCursor);
   }
 
@@ -203039,13 +207276,41 @@
     }else{
       iVal = pCsr->aCnt[pCsr->iCol];
     }
-  }else{
+  }else if( eType==FTS5_VOCAB_ROW ){
     assert( iCol==1 || iCol==2 );
     if( iCol==1 ){
       iVal = pCsr->aDoc[0];
     }else{
       iVal = pCsr->aCnt[0];
     }
+  }else{
+    assert( eType==FTS5_VOCAB_INSTANCE );
+    switch( iCol ){
+      case 1:
+        sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, pCsr->pIter->iRowid);
+        break;
+      case 2: {
+        int ii = -1;
+        if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          ii = FTS5_POS2COLUMN(pCsr->iInstPos);
+        }else if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_COLUMNS ){
+          ii = (int)pCsr->iInstPos;
+        }
+        if( ii>=0 && ii<pCsr->pConfig->nCol ){
+          const char *z = pCsr->pConfig->azCol[ii];
+          sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, z, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        assert( iCol==3 );
+        if( eDetail==FTS5_DETAIL_FULL ){
+          int ii = FTS5_POS2OFFSET(pCsr->iInstPos);
+          sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, ii);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   if( iVal>0 ) sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, iVal);
@@ -203104,3 +207369,311 @@
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5) */
 
 /************** End of fts5.c ************************************************/
+/************** Begin file stmt.c ********************************************/
+/*
+** 2017-05-31
+**
+** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
+** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
+**
+**    May you do good and not evil.
+**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
+**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
+**
+*************************************************************************
+**
+** This file demonstrates an eponymous virtual table that returns information
+** about all prepared statements for the database connection.
+**
+** Usage example:
+**
+**     .load ./stmt
+**     .mode line
+**     .header on
+**     SELECT * FROM stmt;
+*/
+#if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB)
+#if !defined(SQLITEINT_H)
+/* #include "sqlite3ext.h" */
+#endif
+SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
+/* #include <assert.h> */
+/* #include <string.h> */
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+
+/* stmt_vtab is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a stmt virtual table
+*/
+typedef struct stmt_vtab stmt_vtab;
+struct stmt_vtab {
+  sqlite3_vtab base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;        /* Database connection for this stmt vtab */
+};
+
+/* stmt_cursor is a subclass of sqlite3_vtab_cursor which will
+** serve as the underlying representation of a cursor that scans
+** over rows of the result
+*/
+typedef struct stmt_cursor stmt_cursor;
+struct stmt_cursor {
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
+  sqlite3 *db;               /* Database connection for this cursor */
+  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;       /* Statement cursor is currently pointing at */
+  sqlite3_int64 iRowid;      /* The rowid */
+};
+
+/*
+** The stmtConnect() method is invoked to create a new
+** stmt_vtab that describes the stmt virtual table.
+**
+** Think of this routine as the constructor for stmt_vtab objects.
+**
+** All this routine needs to do is:
+**
+**    (1) Allocate the stmt_vtab object and initialize all fields.
+**
+**    (2) Tell SQLite (via the sqlite3_declare_vtab() interface) what the
+**        result set of queries against stmt will look like.
+*/
+static int stmtConnect(
+  sqlite3 *db,
+  void *pAux,
+  int argc, const char *const*argv,
+  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
+  char **pzErr
+){
+  stmt_vtab *pNew;
+  int rc;
+
+/* Column numbers */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_SQL     0   /* SQL for the statement */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NCOL    1   /* Number of result columns */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_RO      2   /* True if read-only */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_BUSY    3   /* True if currently busy */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN   4   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NSORT   5   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NAIDX   6   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_NSTEP   7   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_REPREP  8   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_RUN     9   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN */
+#define STMT_COLUMN_MEM    10   /* SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED */
+
+
+  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db,
+     "CREATE TABLE x(sql,ncol,ro,busy,nscan,nsort,naidx,nstep,"
+                    "reprep,run,mem)");
+  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
+    pNew = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
+    *ppVtab = (sqlite3_vtab*)pNew;
+    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
+    pNew->db = db;
+  }
+  return rc;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is the destructor for stmt_cursor objects.
+*/
+static int stmtDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
+  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Constructor for a new stmt_cursor object.
+*/
+static int stmtOpen(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur;
+  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
+  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
+  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
+  pCur->db = ((stmt_vtab*)p)->db;
+  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Destructor for a stmt_cursor.
+*/
+static int stmtClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  sqlite3_free(cur);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Advance a stmt_cursor to its next row of output.
+*/
+static int stmtNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  pCur->iRowid++;
+  pCur->pStmt = sqlite3_next_stmt(pCur->db, pCur->pStmt);
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return values of columns for the row at which the stmt_cursor
+** is currently pointing.
+*/
+static int stmtColumn(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
+  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
+  int i                       /* Which column to return */
+){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  switch( i ){
+    case STMT_COLUMN_SQL: {
+      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, sqlite3_sql(pCur->pStmt), -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NCOL: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_column_count(pCur->pStmt));
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_RO: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_readonly(pCur->pStmt));
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_BUSY: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_busy(pCur->pStmt));
+      break;
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_MEM: {
+      i = SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED + 
+            STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN - SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP;
+      /* Fall thru */
+    }
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NSORT:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NAIDX:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_NSTEP:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_REPREP:
+    case STMT_COLUMN_RUN: {
+      sqlite3_result_int(ctx, sqlite3_stmt_status(pCur->pStmt,
+                      i-STMT_COLUMN_NSCAN+SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_FULLSCAN_STEP, 0));
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return the rowid for the current row.  In this implementation, the
+** rowid is the same as the output value.
+*/
+static int stmtRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  *pRowid = pCur->iRowid;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** Return TRUE if the cursor has been moved off of the last
+** row of output.
+*/
+static int stmtEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor*)cur;
+  return pCur->pStmt==0;
+}
+
+/*
+** This method is called to "rewind" the stmt_cursor object back
+** to the first row of output.  This method is always called at least
+** once prior to any call to stmtColumn() or stmtRowid() or 
+** stmtEof().
+*/
+static int stmtFilter(
+  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *pVtabCursor, 
+  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
+  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
+){
+  stmt_cursor *pCur = (stmt_cursor *)pVtabCursor;
+  pCur->pStmt = 0;
+  pCur->iRowid = 0;
+  return stmtNext(pVtabCursor);
+}
+
+/*
+** SQLite will invoke this method one or more times while planning a query
+** that uses the stmt virtual table.  This routine needs to create
+** a query plan for each invocation and compute an estimated cost for that
+** plan.
+*/
+static int stmtBestIndex(
+  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
+  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
+){
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)500;
+  pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 500;
+  return SQLITE_OK;
+}
+
+/*
+** This following structure defines all the methods for the 
+** stmt virtual table.
+*/
+static sqlite3_module stmtModule = {
+  0,                         /* iVersion */
+  0,                         /* xCreate */
+  stmtConnect,               /* xConnect */
+  stmtBestIndex,             /* xBestIndex */
+  stmtDisconnect,            /* xDisconnect */
+  0,                         /* xDestroy */
+  stmtOpen,                  /* xOpen - open a cursor */
+  stmtClose,                 /* xClose - close a cursor */
+  stmtFilter,                /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
+  stmtNext,                  /* xNext - advance a cursor */
+  stmtEof,                   /* xEof - check for end of scan */
+  stmtColumn,                /* xColumn - read data */
+  stmtRowid,                 /* xRowid - read data */
+  0,                         /* xUpdate */
+  0,                         /* xBegin */
+  0,                         /* xSync */
+  0,                         /* xCommit */
+  0,                         /* xRollback */
+  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
+  0,                         /* xRename */
+  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
+  0,                         /* xRelease */
+  0,                         /* xRollbackTo */
+};
+
+#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */
+
+SQLITE_PRIVATE int sqlite3StmtVtabInit(sqlite3 *db){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, "sqlite_stmt", &stmtModule, 0);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+
+#ifndef SQLITE_CORE
+#ifdef _WIN32
+__declspec(dllexport)
+#endif
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_stmt_init(
+  sqlite3 *db, 
+  char **pzErrMsg, 
+  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
+){
+  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
+  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
+#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
+  rc = sqlite3StmtVtabInit(db);
+#endif
+  return rc;
+}
+#endif /* SQLITE_CORE */
+#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) || defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_STMTVTAB) */
+
+/************** End of stmt.c ************************************************/
+#if __LINE__!=207661
+#undef SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2alt2"
+#endif
+/* Return the source-id for this library */
+SQLITE_API const char *sqlite3_sourceid(void){ return SQLITE_SOURCE_ID; }
+/************************** End of sqlite3.c ******************************/
diff --git a/dist/sqlite3.h b/dist/sqlite3.h
index aa32bab..57669e1 100644
--- a/dist/sqlite3.h
+++ b/dist/sqlite3.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-** 2001 September 15
+** 2001-09-15
 **
 ** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
 ** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
@@ -115,15 +115,17 @@
 ** a string which identifies a particular check-in of SQLite
 ** within its configuration management system.  ^The SQLITE_SOURCE_ID
 ** string contains the date and time of the check-in (UTC) and a SHA1
-** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.
+** or SHA3-256 hash of the entire source tree.  If the source code has
+** been edited in any way since it was last checked in, then the last
+** four hexadecimal digits of the hash may be modified.
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_libversion()],
 ** [sqlite3_libversion_number()], [sqlite3_sourceid()],
 ** [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
-#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.19.4"
-#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3019004
-#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 17:05:48 553a923c82e968104296253d07dc6e1219747d85ebb7b02640d33d7056418df4"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION        "3.22.0"
+#define SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER 3022000
+#define SQLITE_SOURCE_ID      "2018-12-19 01:30:22 c255889bd95bd5430dc7ced3317011ae2abb483d6c9af883af3dc7d6c2c2f234"
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Run-Time Library Version Numbers
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@
 **
 ** <blockquote><pre>
 ** assert( sqlite3_libversion_number()==SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER );
-** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID)==0 );
+** assert( strncmp(sqlite3_sourceid(),SQLITE_SOURCE_ID,80)==0 );
 ** assert( strcmp(sqlite3_libversion(),SQLITE_VERSION)==0 );
 ** </pre></blockquote>)^
 **
@@ -149,9 +151,11 @@
 ** function is provided for use in DLLs since DLL users usually do not have
 ** direct access to string constants within the DLL.  ^The
 ** sqlite3_libversion_number() function returns an integer equal to
-** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
+** [SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER].  ^(The sqlite3_sourceid() function returns 
 ** a pointer to a string constant whose value is the same as the 
-** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.
+** [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID] C preprocessor macro.  Except if SQLite is built
+** using an edited copy of [the amalgamation], then the last four characters
+** of the hash might be different from [SQLITE_SOURCE_ID].)^
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite_version()] and [sqlite_source_id()].
 */
@@ -417,7 +421,7 @@
 */
 #define SQLITE_OK           0   /* Successful result */
 /* beginning-of-error-codes */
-#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* SQL error or missing database */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR        1   /* Generic error */
 #define SQLITE_INTERNAL     2   /* Internal logic error in SQLite */
 #define SQLITE_PERM         3   /* Access permission denied */
 #define SQLITE_ABORT        4   /* Callback routine requested an abort */
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_FULL        13   /* Insertion failed because database is full */
 #define SQLITE_CANTOPEN    14   /* Unable to open the database file */
 #define SQLITE_PROTOCOL    15   /* Database lock protocol error */
-#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Database is empty */
+#define SQLITE_EMPTY       16   /* Internal use only */
 #define SQLITE_SCHEMA      17   /* The database schema changed */
 #define SQLITE_TOOBIG      18   /* String or BLOB exceeds size limit */
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT  19   /* Abort due to constraint violation */
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_MISUSE      21   /* Library used incorrectly */
 #define SQLITE_NOLFS       22   /* Uses OS features not supported on host */
 #define SQLITE_AUTH        23   /* Authorization denied */
-#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Auxiliary database format error */
+#define SQLITE_FORMAT      24   /* Not used */
 #define SQLITE_RANGE       25   /* 2nd parameter to sqlite3_bind out of range */
 #define SQLITE_NOTADB      26   /* File opened that is not a database file */
 #define SQLITE_NOTICE      27   /* Notifications from sqlite3_log() */
@@ -466,6 +470,8 @@
 ** the most recent error can be obtained using
 ** [sqlite3_extended_errcode()].
 */
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_MISSING_COLLSEQ   (SQLITE_ERROR | (1<<8))
+#define SQLITE_ERROR_RETRY             (SQLITE_ERROR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_READ              (SQLITE_IOERR | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_SHORT_READ        (SQLITE_IOERR | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_IOERR_WRITE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (3<<8))
@@ -509,6 +515,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTLOCK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_ROLLBACK       (SQLITE_READONLY | (3<<8))
 #define SQLITE_READONLY_DBMOVED        (SQLITE_READONLY | (4<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_CANTINIT       (SQLITE_READONLY | (5<<8))
+#define SQLITE_READONLY_DIRECTORY      (SQLITE_READONLY | (6<<8))
 #define SQLITE_ABORT_ROLLBACK          (SQLITE_ABORT | (2<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_CHECK        (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (1<<8))
 #define SQLITE_CONSTRAINT_COMMITHOOK   (SQLITE_CONSTRAINT | (2<<8))
@@ -1127,12 +1135,18 @@
 ** in the name of the object stands for "virtual file system".  See
 ** the [VFS | VFS documentation] for further information.
 **
-** The value of the iVersion field is initially 1 but may be larger in
-** future versions of SQLite.  Additional fields may be appended to this
-** object when the iVersion value is increased.  Note that the structure
-** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transaction between
-** SQLite version 3.5.9 and 3.6.0 and yet the iVersion field was not
-** modified.
+** The VFS interface is sometimes extended by adding new methods onto
+** the end.  Each time such an extension occurs, the iVersion field
+** is incremented.  The iVersion value started out as 1 in
+** SQLite [version 3.5.0] on [dateof:3.5.0], then increased to 2
+** with SQLite [version 3.7.0] on [dateof:3.7.0], and then increased
+** to 3 with SQLite [version 3.7.6] on [dateof:3.7.6].  Additional fields
+** may be appended to the sqlite3_vfs object and the iVersion value
+** may increase again in future versions of SQLite.
+** Note that the structure
+** of the sqlite3_vfs object changes in the transition from
+** SQLite [version 3.5.9] to [version 3.6.0] on [dateof:3.6.0]
+** and yet the iVersion field was not modified.
 **
 ** The szOsFile field is the size of the subclassed [sqlite3_file]
 ** structure used by this VFS.  mxPathname is the maximum length of
@@ -1660,6 +1674,16 @@
 ** routines with a wrapper that simulations memory allocation failure or
 ** tracks memory usage, for example. </dd>
 **
+** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC</dt>
+** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC option takes single argument of
+** type int, interpreted as a boolean, which if true provides a hint to
+** SQLite that it should avoid large memory allocations if possible.
+** SQLite will run faster if it is free to make large memory allocations,
+** but some application might prefer to run slower in exchange for
+** guarantees about memory fragmentation that are possible if large
+** allocations are avoided.  This hint is normally off.
+** </dd>
+**
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS option takes single argument of type int,
 ** interpreted as a boolean, which enables or disables the collection of
@@ -1677,25 +1701,7 @@
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH</dt>
-** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option specifies a static memory buffer
-** that SQLite can use for scratch memory.  ^(There are three arguments
-** to SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH:  A pointer an 8-byte
-** aligned memory buffer from which the scratch allocations will be
-** drawn, the size of each scratch allocation (sz),
-** and the maximum number of scratch allocations (N).)^
-** The first argument must be a pointer to an 8-byte aligned buffer
-** of at least sz*N bytes of memory.
-** ^SQLite will not use more than one scratch buffers per thread.
-** ^SQLite will never request a scratch buffer that is more than 6
-** times the database page size.
-** ^If SQLite needs needs additional
-** scratch memory beyond what is provided by this configuration option, then 
-** [sqlite3_malloc()] will be used to obtain the memory needed.<p>
-** ^When the application provides any amount of scratch memory using
-** SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH, SQLite avoids unnecessary large
-** [sqlite3_malloc|heap allocations].
-** This can help [Robson proof|prevent memory allocation failures] due to heap
-** fragmentation in low-memory embedded systems.
+** <dd> The SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH option is no longer used.
 ** </dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE</dt>
@@ -1731,8 +1737,7 @@
 ** [[SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP]] <dt>SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP</dt>
 ** <dd> ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option specifies a static memory buffer 
 ** that SQLite will use for all of its dynamic memory allocation needs
-** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
+** beyond those provided for by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE].
 ** ^The SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP option is only available if SQLite is compiled
 ** with either [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS3] or [SQLITE_ENABLE_MEMSYS5] and returns
 ** [SQLITE_ERROR] if invoked otherwise.
@@ -1925,7 +1930,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_SERIALIZED    3  /* nil */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MALLOC        4  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_GETMALLOC     5  /* sqlite3_mem_methods* */
-#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* void*, int sz, int N */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH       6  /* No longer used */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE     7  /* void*, int sz, int N */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_HEAP          8  /* void*, int nByte, int min */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_MEMSTATUS     9  /* boolean */
@@ -1946,6 +1951,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PCACHE_HDRSZ        24  /* int *psz */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_PMASZ               25  /* unsigned int szPma */
 #define SQLITE_CONFIG_STMTJRNL_SPILL      26  /* int nByte */
+#define SQLITE_CONFIG_SMALL_MALLOC        27  /* boolean */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Database Connection Configuration Options
@@ -2053,7 +2059,26 @@
 ** into which is written 0 or 1 to indicate whether checkpoints-on-close
 ** have been disabled - 0 if they are not disabled, 1 if they are.
 ** </dd>
-**
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG</dt>
+** <dd>^(The SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG option activates or deactivates
+** the [query planner stability guarantee] (QPSG).  When the QPSG is active,
+** a single SQL query statement will always use the same algorithm regardless
+** of values of [bound parameters].)^ The QPSG disables some query optimizations
+** that look at the values of bound parameters, which can make some queries
+** slower.  But the QPSG has the advantage of more predictable behavior.  With
+** the QPSG active, SQLite will always use the same query plan in the field as
+** was used during testing in the lab.
+** </dd>
+** <dt>SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP</dt>
+** <dd> By default, the output of EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN commands does not 
+** include output for any operations performed by trigger programs. This
+** option is used to set or clear (the default) a flag that governs this
+** behavior. The first parameter passed to this operation is an integer -
+** non-zero to enable output for trigger programs, or zero to disable it.
+** The second parameter is a pointer to an integer into which is written 
+** 0 or 1 to indicate whether output-for-triggers has been disabled - 0 if 
+** it is not disabled, 1 if it is.  
+** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAINDBNAME            1000 /* const char* */
@@ -2063,7 +2088,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_FTS3_TOKENIZER 1004 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_LOAD_EXTENSION 1005 /* int int* */
 #define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_NO_CKPT_ON_CLOSE      1006 /* int int* */
-
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_ENABLE_QPSG           1007 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_TRIGGER_EQP           1008 /* int int* */
+#define SQLITE_DBCONFIG_MAX                   1008 /* Largest DBCONFIG */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Enable Or Disable Extended Result Codes
@@ -2726,7 +2753,8 @@
 ** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
 ** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
 ** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
-** [sqlite3_prepare16()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].  ^At various
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
 ** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
 ** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
 ** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
@@ -2923,8 +2951,8 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: SQLITE_TRACE
 **
 ** These constants identify classes of events that can be monitored
-** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The third argument
-** to [sqlite3_trace_v2()] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
+** using the [sqlite3_trace_v2()] tracing logic.  The M argument
+** to [sqlite3_trace_v2(D,M,X,P)] is an OR-ed combination of one or more of
 ** the following constants.  ^The first argument to the trace callback
 ** is one of the following constants.
 **
@@ -3133,10 +3161,10 @@
 ** ^If [URI filename] interpretation is enabled, and the filename argument
 ** begins with "file:", then the filename is interpreted as a URI. ^URI
 ** filename interpretation is enabled if the [SQLITE_OPEN_URI] flag is
-** set in the fourth argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
+** set in the third argument to sqlite3_open_v2(), or if it has
 ** been enabled globally using the [SQLITE_CONFIG_URI] option with the
 ** [sqlite3_config()] method or by the [SQLITE_USE_URI] compile-time option.
-** As of SQLite version 3.7.7, URI filename interpretation is turned off
+** URI filename interpretation is turned off
 ** by default, but future releases of SQLite might enable URI filename
 ** interpretation by default.  See "[URI filenames]" for additional
 ** information.
@@ -3515,6 +3543,29 @@
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
 #define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11
 
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
+**
+** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
+** "prepFlags" parameter of the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] interfaces.
+**
+** New flags may be added in future releases of SQLite.
+**
+** <dl>
+** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
+** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag is a hint to the query planner
+** that the prepared statement will be retained for a long time and
+** probably reused many times.)^ ^Without this flag, [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
+** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] assume that the prepared statement will 
+** be used just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
+** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon. The current implementation acts
+** on this hint by avoiding the use of [lookaside memory] so as not to
+** deplete the limited store of lookaside memory. Future versions of
+** SQLite may act on this hint differently.
+** </dl>
+*/
+#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
@@ -3522,17 +3573,29 @@
 ** METHOD: sqlite3
 ** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
-** program using one of these routines.
+** To execute an SQL statement, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
+** program using one of these routines.  Or, in other words, these routines
+** are constructors for the [prepared statement] object.
+**
+** The preferred routine to use is [sqlite3_prepare_v2()].  The
+** [sqlite3_prepare()] interface is legacy and should be avoided.
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] has an extra "prepFlags" option that is used
+** for special purposes.
+**
+** The use of the UTF-8 interfaces is preferred, as SQLite currently
+** does all parsing using UTF-8.  The UTF-16 interfaces are provided
+** as a convenience.  The UTF-16 interfaces work by converting the
+** input text into UTF-8, then invoking the corresponding UTF-8 interface.
 **
 ** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
 ** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
 ** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
 **
 ** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
-** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare_v2()
-** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2()
-** use UTF-16.
+** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
+** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
 **
 ** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
 ** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
@@ -3559,10 +3622,11 @@
 ** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
 ** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
 **
-** The sqlite3_prepare_v2() and sqlite3_prepare16_v2() interfaces are
-** recommended for all new programs. The two older interfaces are retained
-** for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
-** ^In the "v2" interfaces, the prepared statement
+** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
+** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
+** The older interfaces (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
+** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
+** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
 ** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
 ** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
 ** behave differently in three ways:
@@ -3595,6 +3659,12 @@
 ** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
 ** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
 ** </li>
+**
+** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
+** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
+** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
+** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
+** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
 ** </ol>
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare(
@@ -3611,6 +3681,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16(
   sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
   const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
@@ -3625,6 +3703,14 @@
   sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
   const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
 );
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
+  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
+  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
+  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
+  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
+  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
+  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
+);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
@@ -3632,7 +3718,8 @@
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
 ** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
-** created by either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 ** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
 ** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
 ** [bound parameters] expanded.
@@ -3751,8 +3838,9 @@
 ** implementation of [application-defined SQL functions] are protected.
 ** ^The sqlite3_value object returned by
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is unprotected.
-** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used with
-** [sqlite3_result_value()] and [sqlite3_bind_value()].
+** Unprotected sqlite3_value objects may only be used as arguments
+** to [sqlite3_result_value()], [sqlite3_bind_value()], and
+** [sqlite3_value_dup()].
 ** The [sqlite3_value_blob | sqlite3_value_type()] family of
 ** interfaces require protected sqlite3_value objects.
 */
@@ -3858,6 +3946,15 @@
 ** [sqlite3_blob_open | incremental BLOB I/O] routines.
 ** ^A negative value for the zeroblob results in a zero-length BLOB.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,T,D) routine causes the I-th parameter in
+** [prepared statement] S to have an SQL value of NULL, but to also be
+** associated with the pointer P of type T.  ^D is either a NULL pointer or
+** a pointer to a destructor function for P. ^SQLite will invoke the
+** destructor D with a single argument of P when it is finished using
+** P.  The T parameter should be a static string, preferably a string
+** literal. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() routine is part of the
+** [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** ^If any of the sqlite3_bind_*() routines are called with a NULL pointer
 ** for the [prepared statement] or with a prepared statement for which
 ** [sqlite3_step()] has been called more recently than [sqlite3_reset()],
@@ -3891,6 +3988,7 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_text64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const char*, sqlite3_uint64,
                          void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int, const sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_pointer(sqlite3_stmt*, int, void*, const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob(sqlite3_stmt*, int, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_bind_zeroblob64(sqlite3_stmt*, int, sqlite3_uint64);
 
@@ -3934,8 +4032,8 @@
 ** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
 ** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
 ** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
-** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()] or
-** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -3952,7 +4050,8 @@
 ** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
 ** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
 ** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
-** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()].
+** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
 **
 ** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
 ** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
@@ -4106,16 +4205,18 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
-** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using either
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or one of the legacy
+** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
 ** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
 ** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
 **
 ** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
-** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "v2" interface
-** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] and [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
-** interface [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
-** new "v2" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
+** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
+** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
+** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
+** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
+** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
 ** interface will continue to be supported.
 **
 ** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
@@ -4176,10 +4277,11 @@
 ** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
 ** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
 ** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
-** using either [sqlite3_prepare_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] instead
+** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
+** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
 ** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
 ** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
-** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "v2" interface is recommended.
+** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);
 
@@ -4241,6 +4343,28 @@
 ** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
 **
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT result
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_value</b><td>&rarr;<td>The result as an 
+** [sqlite3_value|unprotected sqlite3_value] object.
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT result in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_column_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the result
+** </table></blockquote>
+**
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
 ** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
 ** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
 ** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
@@ -4262,16 +4386,29 @@
 ** are called from a different thread while any of these routines
 ** are pending, then the results are undefined.
 **
+** The first six interfaces (_blob, _double, _int, _int64, _text, and _text16)
+** each return the value of a result column in a specific data format.  If
+** the result column is not initially in the requested format (for example,
+** if the query returns an integer but the sqlite3_column_text() interface
+** is used to extract the value) then an automatic type conversion is performed.
+**
 ** ^The sqlite3_column_type() routine returns the
 ** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial data type
 ** of the result column.  ^The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
-** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].  The value
-** returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no type
-** conversions have occurred as described below.  After a type conversion,
-** the value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is undefined.  Future
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].
+** The return value of sqlite3_column_type() can be used to decide which
+** of the first six interface should be used to extract the column value.
+** The value returned by sqlite3_column_type() is only meaningful if no
+** automatic type conversions have occurred for the value in question.  
+** After a type conversion, the result of calling sqlite3_column_type()
+** is undefined, though harmless.  Future
 ** versions of SQLite may change the behavior of sqlite3_column_type()
 ** following a type conversion.
 **
+** If the result is a BLOB or a TEXT string, then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
+** or sqlite3_column_bytes16() interfaces can be used to determine the size
+** of that BLOB or string.
+**
 ** ^If the result is a BLOB or UTF-8 string then the sqlite3_column_bytes()
 ** routine returns the number of bytes in that BLOB or string.
 ** ^If the result is a UTF-16 string, then sqlite3_column_bytes() converts
@@ -4308,9 +4445,13 @@
 ** [sqlite3_column_value()] is used in any other way, including calls
 ** to routines like [sqlite3_value_int()], [sqlite3_value_text()],
 ** or [sqlite3_value_bytes()], the behavior is not threadsafe.
+** Hence, the sqlite3_column_value() interface
+** is normally only useful within the implementation of 
+** [application-defined SQL functions] or [virtual tables], not within
+** top-level application code.
 **
-** These routines attempt to convert the value where appropriate.  ^For
-** example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
+** The these routines may attempt to convert the datatype of the result.
+** ^For example, if the internal representation is FLOAT and a text result
 ** is requested, [sqlite3_snprintf()] is used internally to perform the
 ** conversion automatically.  ^(The following table details the conversions
 ** that are applied:
@@ -4382,7 +4523,7 @@
 ** ^The pointers returned are valid until a type conversion occurs as
 ** described above, or until [sqlite3_step()] or [sqlite3_reset()] or
 ** [sqlite3_finalize()] is called.  ^The memory space used to hold strings
-** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do <em>not</em> pass the pointers returned
+** and BLOBs is freed automatically.  Do not pass the pointers returned
 ** from [sqlite3_column_blob()], [sqlite3_column_text()], etc. into
 ** [sqlite3_free()].
 **
@@ -4393,15 +4534,15 @@
 ** [SQLITE_NOMEM].)^
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_blob(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_column_double(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_int(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_column_int64(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_column_text(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_column_text16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_value *sqlite3_column_value(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_bytes16(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_column_type(sqlite3_stmt*, int iCol);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Destroy A Prepared Statement Object
@@ -4635,21 +4776,43 @@
 ** CAPI3REF: Obtaining SQL Values
 ** METHOD: sqlite3_value
 **
-** The C-language implementation of SQL functions and aggregates uses
-** this set of interface routines to access the parameter values on
-** the function or aggregate.  
+** <b>Summary:</b>
+** <blockquote><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_blob</b><td>&rarr;<td>BLOB value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_double</b><td>&rarr;<td>REAL value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int</b><td>&rarr;<td>32-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_int64</b><td>&rarr;<td>64-bit INTEGER value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_pointer</b><td>&rarr;<td>Pointer value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-8 TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16 TEXT value in
+** the native byteorder
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16be</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16be TEXT value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_text16le</b><td>&rarr;<td>UTF-16le TEXT value
+** <tr><td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;<td>&nbsp;
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes</b><td>&rarr;<td>Size of a BLOB
+** or a UTF-8 TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_bytes16&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Size of UTF-16
+** TEXT in bytes
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_type</b><td>&rarr;<td>Default
+** datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_numeric_type&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>Best numeric datatype of the value
+** <tr><td><b>sqlite3_value_nochange&nbsp;&nbsp;</b>
+** <td>&rarr;&nbsp;&nbsp;<td>True if the column is unchanged in an UPDATE
+** against a virtual table.
+** </table></blockquote>
 **
-** The xFunc (for scalar functions) or xStep (for aggregates) parameters
-** to [sqlite3_create_function()] and [sqlite3_create_function16()]
-** define callbacks that implement the SQL functions and aggregates.
-** The 3rd parameter to these callbacks is an array of pointers to
-** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  There is one [sqlite3_value] object for
-** each parameter to the SQL function.  These routines are used to
-** extract values from the [sqlite3_value] objects.
+** <b>Details:</b>
+**
+** These routines extract type, size, and content information from
+** [protected sqlite3_value] objects.  Protected sqlite3_value objects
+** are used to pass parameter information into implementation of
+** [application-defined SQL functions] and [virtual tables].
 **
 ** These routines work only with [protected sqlite3_value] objects.
 ** Any attempt to use these routines on an [unprotected sqlite3_value]
-** object results in undefined behavior.
+** is not threadsafe.
 **
 ** ^These routines work just like the corresponding [column access functions]
 ** except that these routines take a single [protected sqlite3_value] object
@@ -4660,6 +4823,24 @@
 ** sqlite3_value_text16be() and sqlite3_value_text16le() interfaces
 ** extract UTF-16 strings as big-endian and little-endian respectively.
 **
+** ^If [sqlite3_value] object V was initialized 
+** using [sqlite3_bind_pointer(S,I,P,X,D)] or [sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,X,D)]
+** and if X and Y are strings that compare equal according to strcmp(X,Y),
+** then sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) will return the pointer P.  ^Otherwise,
+** sqlite3_value_pointer(V,Y) returns a NULL. The sqlite3_bind_pointer() 
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
+** ^(The sqlite3_value_type(V) interface returns the
+** [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype code] for the initial datatype of the
+** [sqlite3_value] object V. The returned value is one of [SQLITE_INTEGER],
+** [SQLITE_FLOAT], [SQLITE_TEXT], [SQLITE_BLOB], or [SQLITE_NULL].)^
+** Other interfaces might change the datatype for an sqlite3_value object.
+** For example, if the datatype is initially SQLITE_INTEGER and
+** sqlite3_value_text(V) is called to extract a text value for that
+** integer, then subsequent calls to sqlite3_value_type(V) might return
+** SQLITE_TEXT.  Whether or not a persistent internal datatype conversion
+** occurs is undefined and may change from one release of SQLite to the next.
+**
 ** ^(The sqlite3_value_numeric_type() interface attempts to apply
 ** numeric affinity to the value.  This means that an attempt is
 ** made to convert the value to an integer or floating point.  If
@@ -4668,6 +4849,19 @@
 ** then the conversion is performed.  Otherwise no conversion occurs.
 ** The [SQLITE_INTEGER | datatype] after conversion is returned.)^
 **
+** ^Within the [xUpdate] method of a [virtual table], the
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) interface returns true if and only if
+** the column corresponding to X is unchanged by the UPDATE operation
+** that the xUpdate method call was invoked to implement and if
+** and the prior [xColumn] method call that was invoked to extracted
+** the value for that column returned without setting a result (probably
+** because it queried [sqlite3_vtab_nochange()] and found that the column
+** was unchanging).  ^Within an [xUpdate] method, any value for which
+** sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is true will in all other respects appear
+** to be a NULL value.  If sqlite3_value_nochange(X) is invoked anywhere other
+** than within an [xUpdate] method call for an UPDATE statement, then
+** the return value is arbitrary and meaningless.
+**
 ** Please pay particular attention to the fact that the pointer returned
 ** from [sqlite3_value_blob()], [sqlite3_value_text()], or
 ** [sqlite3_value_text16()] can be invalidated by a subsequent call to
@@ -4678,18 +4872,19 @@
 ** the SQL function that supplied the [sqlite3_value*] parameters.
 */
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_blob(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API double sqlite3_value_double(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_int(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API sqlite3_int64 sqlite3_value_int64(sqlite3_value*);
-SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void *sqlite3_value_pointer(sqlite3_value*, const char*);
 SQLITE_API const unsigned char *sqlite3_value_text(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16le(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API const void *sqlite3_value_text16be(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_bytes16(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_type(sqlite3_value*);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_numeric_type(sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_value_nochange(sqlite3_value*);
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Finding The Subtype Of SQL Values
@@ -4700,10 +4895,6 @@
 ** information can be used to pass a limited amount of context from
 ** one SQL function to another.  Use the [sqlite3_result_subtype()]
 ** routine to set the subtype for the return value of an SQL function.
-**
-** SQLite makes no use of subtype itself.  It merely passes the subtype
-** from the result of one [application-defined SQL function] into the
-** input of another.
 */
 SQLITE_API unsigned int sqlite3_value_subtype(sqlite3_value*);
 
@@ -4973,7 +5164,7 @@
 ** when it has finished using that result.
 ** ^If the 4th parameter to the sqlite3_result_text* interfaces
 ** or sqlite3_result_blob is the special constant SQLITE_TRANSIENT
-** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained from
+** then SQLite makes a copy of the result into space obtained
 ** from [sqlite3_malloc()] before it returns.
 **
 ** ^The sqlite3_result_value() interface sets the result of
@@ -4986,6 +5177,17 @@
 ** [unprotected sqlite3_value] object is required, so either
 ** kind of [sqlite3_value] object can be used with this interface.
 **
+** ^The sqlite3_result_pointer(C,P,T,D) interface sets the result to an
+** SQL NULL value, just like [sqlite3_result_null(C)], except that it
+** also associates the host-language pointer P or type T with that 
+** NULL value such that the pointer can be retrieved within an
+** [application-defined SQL function] using [sqlite3_value_pointer()].
+** ^If the D parameter is not NULL, then it is a pointer to a destructor
+** for the P parameter.  ^SQLite invokes D with P as its only argument
+** when SQLite is finished with P.  The T parameter should be a static
+** string and preferably a string literal. The sqlite3_result_pointer()
+** routine is part of the [pointer passing interface] added for SQLite 3.20.0.
+**
 ** If these routines are called from within the different thread
 ** than the one containing the application-defined function that received
 ** the [sqlite3_context] pointer, the results are undefined.
@@ -5002,7 +5204,6 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int(sqlite3_context*, int);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_int64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_int64);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_null(sqlite3_context*);
-SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*);
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text(sqlite3_context*, const char*, int, void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text64(sqlite3_context*, const char*,sqlite3_uint64,
                            void(*)(void*), unsigned char encoding);
@@ -5010,6 +5211,7 @@
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16le(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_text16be(sqlite3_context*, const void*, int,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_value(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_value*);
+SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_pointer(sqlite3_context*, void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
 SQLITE_API void sqlite3_result_zeroblob(sqlite3_context*, int n);
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_result_zeroblob64(sqlite3_context*, sqlite3_uint64 n);
 
@@ -5669,7 +5871,9 @@
 ** ^If the column-name parameter to sqlite3_table_column_metadata() is a
 ** NULL pointer, then this routine simply checks for the existence of the
 ** table and returns SQLITE_OK if the table exists and SQLITE_ERROR if it
-** does not.
+** does not.  If the table name parameter T in a call to
+** sqlite3_table_column_metadata(X,D,T,C,...) is NULL then the result is
+** undefined behavior.
 **
 ** ^The column is identified by the second, third and fourth parameters to
 ** this function. ^(The second parameter is either the name of the database
@@ -6079,15 +6283,20 @@
 ** an operator that is part of a constraint term in the wHERE clause of
 ** a query that uses a [virtual table].
 */
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ      2
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT      4
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE      8
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT     16
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE     32
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH  64
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE   65
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB   66
-#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP 67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ         2
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GT         4
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LE         8
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LT        16
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GE        32
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_MATCH     64
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_LIKE      65
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_GLOB      66
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_REGEXP    67
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_NE        68
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOT     69
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNOTNULL 70
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_ISNULL    71
+#define SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_IS        72
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Register A Virtual Table Implementation
@@ -6778,9 +6987,9 @@
 ** the xFileControl method.  ^The return value of the xFileControl
 ** method becomes the return value of this routine.
 **
-** ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER value for the op parameter causes
+** ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER] value for the op parameter causes
 ** a pointer to the underlying [sqlite3_file] object to be written into
-** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER
+** the space pointed to by the 4th parameter.  ^The [SQLITE_FCNTL_FILE_POINTER]
 ** case is a short-circuit path which does not actually invoke the
 ** underlying sqlite3_io_methods.xFileControl method.
 **
@@ -6792,7 +7001,7 @@
 ** an incorrect zDbName and an SQLITE_ERROR return from the underlying
 ** xFileControl method.
 **
-** See also: [SQLITE_FCNTL_LOCKSTATE]
+** See also: [file control opcodes]
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_file_control(sqlite3*, const char *zDbName, int op, void*);
 
@@ -6839,7 +7048,7 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_RESERVE                 14
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS           15
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISKEYWORD               16
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SCRATCHMALLOC           17  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LOCALTIME_FAULT         18
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_EXPLAIN_STMT            19  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ONCE_RESET_THRESHOLD    19
@@ -6849,7 +7058,8 @@
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_ISINIT                  23
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_SORTER_MMAP             24
 #define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_IMPOSTER                25
-#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    25
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_PARSER_COVERAGE         26
+#define SQLITE_TESTCTRL_LAST                    26  /* Largest TESTCTRL */
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: SQLite Runtime Status
@@ -6898,8 +7108,7 @@
 ** <dd>This parameter is the current amount of memory checked out
 ** using [sqlite3_malloc()], either directly or indirectly.  The
 ** figure includes calls made to [sqlite3_malloc()] by the application
-** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Scratch memory
-** controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH] and auxiliary page-cache
+** and internal memory usage by the SQLite library.  Auxiliary page-cache
 ** memory controlled by [SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE] is not included in
 ** this parameter.  The amount returned is the sum of the allocation
 ** sizes as reported by the xSize method in [sqlite3_mem_methods].</dd>)^
@@ -6937,29 +7146,14 @@
 ** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
 ** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of allocations used out of the
-** [scratch memory allocator] configured using
-** [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH].  The value returned is in allocations, not
-** in bytes.  Since a single thread may only have one scratch allocation
-** outstanding at time, this parameter also reports the number of threads
-** using scratch memory at the same time.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter returns the number of bytes of scratch memory
-** allocation which could not be satisfied by the [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]
-** buffer and where forced to overflow to [sqlite3_malloc()].  The values
-** returned include overflows because the requested allocation was too
-** larger (that is, because the requested allocation was larger than the
-** "sz" parameter to [SQLITE_CONFIG_SCRATCH]) and because no scratch buffer
-** slots were available.
-** </dd>)^
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
-** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
-** <dd>This parameter records the largest memory allocation request
-** handed to [scratch memory allocator].  Only the value returned in the
-** *pHighwater parameter to [sqlite3_status()] is of interest.  
-** The value written into the *pCurrent parameter is undefined.</dd>)^
+** [[SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE]] <dt>SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE</dt>
+** <dd>No longer used.</dd>
 **
 ** [[SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK</dt>
 ** <dd>The *pHighwater parameter records the deepest parser stack. 
@@ -6972,12 +7166,12 @@
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MEMORY_USED          0
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_USED       1
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_OVERFLOW   2
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_USED         3  /* NOT USED */
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_OVERFLOW     4  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_SIZE          5
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PARSER_STACK         6
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_PAGECACHE_SIZE       7
-#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8
+#define SQLITE_STATUS_SCRATCH_SIZE         8  /* NOT USED */
 #define SQLITE_STATUS_MALLOC_COUNT         9
 
 /*
@@ -7182,6 +7376,24 @@
 ** used as a proxy for the total work done by the prepared statement.
 ** If the number of virtual machine operations exceeds 2147483647
 ** then the value returned by this statement status code is undefined.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepare statement has been
+** automatically regenerated due to schema changes or change to 
+** [bound parameters] that might affect the query plan.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the number of times that the prepared statement has
+** been run.  A single "run" for the purposes of this counter is one
+** or more calls to [sqlite3_step()] followed by a call to [sqlite3_reset()].
+** The counter is incremented on the first [sqlite3_step()] call of each
+** cycle.
+**
+** [[SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED]] <dt>SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED</dt>
+** <dd>^This is the approximate number of bytes of heap memory
+** used to store the prepared statement.  ^This value is not actually
+** a counter, and so the resetFlg parameter to sqlite3_stmt_status()
+** is ignored when the opcode is SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED.
 ** </dd>
 ** </dl>
 */
@@ -7189,6 +7401,9 @@
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_SORT              2
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_AUTOINDEX         3
 #define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_VM_STEP           4
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_REPREPARE         5
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_RUN               6
+#define SQLITE_STMTSTATUS_MEMUSED           99
 
 /*
 ** CAPI3REF: Custom Page Cache Object
@@ -8099,6 +8314,40 @@
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_on_conflict(sqlite3 *);
 
 /*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine If Virtual Table Column Access Is For UPDATE
+**
+** If the sqlite3_vtab_nochange(X) routine is called within the [xColumn]
+** method of a [virtual table], then it returns true if and only if the
+** column is being fetched as part of an UPDATE operation during which the
+** column value will not change.  Applications might use this to substitute
+** a lighter-weight value to return that the corresponding [xUpdate] method
+** understands as a "no-change" value.
+**
+** If the [xColumn] method calls sqlite3_vtab_nochange() and finds that
+** the column is not changed by the UPDATE statement, they the xColumn
+** method can optionally return without setting a result, without calling
+** any of the [sqlite3_result_int|sqlite3_result_xxxxx() interfaces].
+** In that case, [sqlite3_value_nochange(X)] will return true for the
+** same column in the [xUpdate] method.
+*/
+SQLITE_API int sqlite3_vtab_nochange(sqlite3_context*);
+
+/*
+** CAPI3REF: Determine The Collation For a Virtual Table Constraint
+**
+** This function may only be called from within a call to the [xBestIndex]
+** method of a [virtual table]. 
+**
+** The first argument must be the sqlite3_index_info object that is the
+** first parameter to the xBestIndex() method. The second argument must be
+** an index into the aConstraint[] array belonging to the sqlite3_index_info
+** structure passed to xBestIndex. This function returns a pointer to a buffer 
+** containing the name of the collation sequence for the corresponding
+** constraint.
+*/
+SQLITE_API SQLITE_EXPERIMENTAL const char *sqlite3_vtab_collation(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
+
+/*
 ** CAPI3REF: Conflict resolution modes
 ** KEYWORDS: {conflict resolution mode}
 **
@@ -8825,6 +9074,35 @@
 **
 ** SQLITE_OK is returned if the call completes without error. Or, if an error 
 ** occurs, an SQLite error code (e.g. SQLITE_NOMEM) is returned.
+**
+** <h3>Special sqlite_stat1 Handling</h3>
+**
+** As of SQLite version 3.22.0, the "sqlite_stat1" table is an exception to 
+** some of the rules above. In SQLite, the schema of sqlite_stat1 is:
+**  <pre>
+**  &nbsp;     CREATE TABLE sqlite_stat1(tbl,idx,stat)  
+**  </pre>
+**
+** Even though sqlite_stat1 does not have a PRIMARY KEY, changes are 
+** recorded for it as if the PRIMARY KEY is (tbl,idx). Additionally, changes 
+** are recorded for rows for which (idx IS NULL) is true. However, for such
+** rows a zero-length blob (SQL value X'') is stored in the changeset or
+** patchset instead of a NULL value. This allows such changesets to be
+** manipulated by legacy implementations of sqlite3changeset_invert(),
+** concat() and similar.
+**
+** The sqlite3changeset_apply() function automatically converts the 
+** zero-length blob back to a NULL value when updating the sqlite_stat1
+** table. However, if the application calls sqlite3changeset_new(),
+** sqlite3changeset_old() or sqlite3changeset_conflict on a changeset 
+** iterator directly (including on a changeset iterator passed to a
+** conflict-handler callback) then the X'' value is returned. The application
+** must translate X'' to NULL itself if required.
+**
+** Legacy (older than 3.22.0) versions of the sessions module cannot capture
+** changes made to the sqlite_stat1 table. Legacy versions of the
+** sqlite3changeset_apply() function silently ignore any modifications to the
+** sqlite_stat1 table that are part of a changeset or patchset.
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_attach(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
@@ -9053,8 +9331,8 @@
 */
 SQLITE_API int sqlite3session_patchset(
   sqlite3_session *pSession,      /* Session object */
-  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppChangeset */
-  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing changeset */
+  int *pnPatchset,                /* OUT: Size of buffer at *ppPatchset */
+  void **ppPatchset               /* OUT: Buffer containing patchset */
 );
 
 /*
@@ -9821,12 +10099,12 @@
 **
 ** <table border=1 style="margin-left:8ex;margin-right:8ex">
 **   <tr><th>Streaming function<th>Non-streaming equivalent</th>
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_str<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_str<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
-**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_str<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_apply_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_apply] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_concat_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_concat] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_invert_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_invert] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3changeset_start_strm<td>[sqlite3changeset_start] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_changeset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_changeset] 
+**   <tr><td>sqlite3session_patchset_strm<td>[sqlite3session_patchset] 
 ** </table>
 **
 ** Non-streaming functions that accept changesets (or patchsets) as input
diff --git a/dist/sqlite3ext.h b/dist/sqlite3ext.h
index f25084a..ac92a74 100644
--- a/dist/sqlite3ext.h
+++ b/dist/sqlite3ext.h
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@
   int  (*set_authorizer)(sqlite3*,int(*)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,
                          const char*,const char*),void*);
   void  (*set_auxdata)(sqlite3_context*,int,void*,void (*)(void*));
-  char * (*snprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
+  char * (*xsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,...);
   int  (*step)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   int  (*table_column_metadata)(sqlite3*,const char*,const char*,const char*,
                                 char const**,char const**,int*,int*,int*);
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@
   int (*uri_boolean)(const char*,const char*,int);
   sqlite3_int64 (*uri_int64)(const char*,const char*,sqlite3_int64);
   const char *(*uri_parameter)(const char*,const char*);
-  char *(*vsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
+  char *(*xvsnprintf)(int,char*,const char*,va_list);
   int (*wal_checkpoint_v2)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,int*,int*);
   /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
   int (*auto_extension)(void(*)(void));
@@ -284,6 +284,17 @@
   char *(*expanded_sql)(sqlite3_stmt*);
   /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
   void (*set_last_insert_rowid)(sqlite3*,sqlite3_int64);
+  /* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+  int (*prepare_v3)(sqlite3*,const char*,int,unsigned int,
+                    sqlite3_stmt**,const char**);
+  int (*prepare16_v3)(sqlite3*,const void*,int,unsigned int,
+                      sqlite3_stmt**,const void**);
+  int (*bind_pointer)(sqlite3_stmt*,int,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void (*result_pointer)(sqlite3_context*,void*,const char*,void(*)(void*));
+  void *(*value_pointer)(sqlite3_value*,const char*);
+  int (*vtab_nochange)(sqlite3_context*);
+  int (*value_nochange)(sqlite3_value*);
+  const char *(*vtab_collation)(sqlite3_index_info*,int);
 };
 
 /*
@@ -410,7 +421,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_rollback_hook          sqlite3_api->rollback_hook
 #define sqlite3_set_authorizer         sqlite3_api->set_authorizer
 #define sqlite3_set_auxdata            sqlite3_api->set_auxdata
-#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->snprintf
+#define sqlite3_snprintf               sqlite3_api->xsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_step                   sqlite3_api->step
 #define sqlite3_table_column_metadata  sqlite3_api->table_column_metadata
 #define sqlite3_thread_cleanup         sqlite3_api->thread_cleanup
@@ -434,7 +445,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
 #define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
 #define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
-#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
 #define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
 #define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
@@ -510,7 +521,7 @@
 #define sqlite3_uri_boolean            sqlite3_api->uri_boolean
 #define sqlite3_uri_int64              sqlite3_api->uri_int64
 #define sqlite3_uri_parameter          sqlite3_api->uri_parameter
-#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
+#define sqlite3_uri_vsnprintf          sqlite3_api->xvsnprintf
 #define sqlite3_wal_checkpoint_v2      sqlite3_api->wal_checkpoint_v2
 /* Version 3.8.7 and later */
 #define sqlite3_auto_extension         sqlite3_api->auto_extension
@@ -544,6 +555,16 @@
 #define sqlite3_expanded_sql           sqlite3_api->expanded_sql
 /* Version 3.18.0 and later */
 #define sqlite3_set_last_insert_rowid  sqlite3_api->set_last_insert_rowid
+/* Version 3.20.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_prepare_v3             sqlite3_api->prepare_v3
+#define sqlite3_prepare16_v3           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v3
+#define sqlite3_bind_pointer           sqlite3_api->bind_pointer
+#define sqlite3_result_pointer         sqlite3_api->result_pointer
+#define sqlite3_value_pointer          sqlite3_api->value_pointer
+/* Version 3.22.0 and later */
+#define sqlite3_vtab_nochange          sqlite3_api->vtab_nochange
+#define sqlite3_value_nochange         sqltie3_api->value_nochange
+#define sqlite3_vtab_collation         sqltie3_api->vtab_collation
 #endif /* !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION) */
 
 #if !defined(SQLITE_CORE) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION)