ucopy.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1991, 1992 Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl>
 * Copyright (c) 1993 Branko Lankester <branko@hacktic.nl>
 * Copyright (c) 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 Rick Sladkey <jrs@world.std.com>
 * Copyright (c) 1996-1999 Wichert Akkerman <wichert@cistron.nl>
 * Copyright (c) 1999 IBM Deutschland Entwicklung GmbH, IBM Corporation
 *                     Linux for s390 port by D.J. Barrow
 *                    <barrow_dj@mail.yahoo.com,djbarrow@de.ibm.com>
 * Copyright (c) 1999-2018 The strace developers.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
 *    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include "defs.h"
#include <sys/uio.h>
#include <asm/unistd.h>

#include "scno.h"
#include "ptrace.h"

static bool process_vm_readv_not_supported;

#ifndef HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV
/*
 * Need to do this since process_vm_readv() is not yet available in libc.
 * When libc is updated, only "static bool process_vm_readv_not_supported"
 * line remains.
 * The name is different to avoid potential collision with OS headers.
 */
static ssize_t strace_process_vm_readv(pid_t pid,
		 const struct iovec *lvec,
		 unsigned long liovcnt,
		 const struct iovec *rvec,
		 unsigned long riovcnt,
		 unsigned long flags)
{
	return syscall(__NR_process_vm_readv,
		       (long) pid, lvec, liovcnt, rvec, riovcnt, flags);
}
# define process_vm_readv strace_process_vm_readv
#endif /* !HAVE_PROCESS_VM_READV */

static ssize_t
vm_read_mem(const pid_t pid, void *const laddr,
	    const kernel_ulong_t raddr, const size_t len)
{
	const unsigned long truncated_raddr = raddr;

#if SIZEOF_LONG < SIZEOF_KERNEL_LONG_T
	if (raddr != (kernel_ulong_t) truncated_raddr) {
		errno = EIO;
		return -1;
	}
#endif

	const struct iovec local = {
		.iov_base = laddr,
		.iov_len = len
	};
	const struct iovec remote = {
		.iov_base = (void *) truncated_raddr,
		.iov_len = len
	};

	const ssize_t rc = process_vm_readv(pid, &local, 1, &remote, 1, 0);
	if (rc < 0 && errno == ENOSYS)
		process_vm_readv_not_supported = true;

	return rc;
}

static bool
tracee_addr_is_invalid(kernel_ulong_t addr)
{
	return
#if ANY_WORDSIZE_LESS_THAN_KERNEL_LONG
		current_wordsize < sizeof(addr) && addr & ~(kernel_ulong_t) -1U;
#else
		false;
#endif
}

/* legacy method of copying from tracee */
static int
umoven_peekdata(const int pid, kernel_ulong_t addr, unsigned int len,
		void *laddr)
{
	unsigned int nread = 0;
	unsigned int residue = addr & (sizeof(long) - 1);

	while (len) {
		addr &= -sizeof(long);		/* aligned address */

		errno = 0;
		union {
			long val;
			char x[sizeof(long)];
		} u = { .val = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, pid, addr, 0) };

		switch (errno) {
			case 0:
				break;
			case ESRCH: case EINVAL:
				/* these could be seen if the process is gone */
				return -1;
			case EFAULT: case EIO: case EPERM:
				/* address space is inaccessible */
				if (nread) {
					perror_msg("umoven: short read (%u < %u) @0x%" PRI_klx,
						   nread, nread + len, addr - nread);
				}
				return -1;
			default:
				/* all the rest is strange and should be reported */
				perror_msg("umoven: PTRACE_PEEKDATA pid:%d @0x%" PRI_klx,
					    pid, addr);
				return -1;
		}

		unsigned int m = MIN(sizeof(long) - residue, len);
		memcpy(laddr, &u.x[residue], m);
		residue = 0;
		addr += sizeof(long);
		laddr += m;
		nread += m;
		len -= m;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Copy `len' bytes of data from process `pid'
 * at address `addr' to our space at `our_addr'.
 */
int
umoven(struct tcb *const tcp, kernel_ulong_t addr, unsigned int len,
       void *const our_addr)
{
	if (tracee_addr_is_invalid(addr))
		return -1;

	const int pid = tcp->pid;

	if (process_vm_readv_not_supported)
		return umoven_peekdata(pid, addr, len, our_addr);

	int r = vm_read_mem(pid, our_addr, addr, len);
	if ((unsigned int) r == len)
		return 0;
	if (r >= 0) {
		error_msg("umoven: short read (%u < %u) @0x%" PRI_klx,
			  (unsigned int) r, len, addr);
		return -1;
	}
	switch (errno) {
		case ENOSYS:
		case EPERM:
			/* try PTRACE_PEEKDATA */
			return umoven_peekdata(pid, addr, len, our_addr);
		case ESRCH:
			/* the process is gone */
			return -1;
		case EFAULT: case EIO:
			/* address space is inaccessible */
			return -1;
		default:
			/* all the rest is strange and should be reported */
			perror_msg("process_vm_readv: pid:%d @0x%" PRI_klx,
				    pid, addr);
			return -1;
	}
}

/*
 * Like umoven_peekdata but make the additional effort of looking
 * for a terminating zero byte.
 */
static int
umovestr_peekdata(const int pid, kernel_ulong_t addr, unsigned int len,
		  void *laddr)
{
	unsigned int nread = 0;
	unsigned int residue = addr & (sizeof(long) - 1);
	void *const orig_addr = laddr;

	while (len) {
		addr &= -sizeof(long);		/* aligned address */

		errno = 0;
		union {
			unsigned long val;
			char x[sizeof(long)];
		} u = { .val = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKDATA, pid, addr, 0) };

		switch (errno) {
			case 0:
				break;
			case ESRCH: case EINVAL:
				/* these could be seen if the process is gone */
				return -1;
			case EFAULT: case EIO: case EPERM:
				/* address space is inaccessible */
				if (nread) {
					perror_msg("umovestr: short read (%d < %d) @0x%" PRI_klx,
						   nread, nread + len, addr - nread);
				}
				return -1;
			default:
				/* all the rest is strange and should be reported */
				perror_msg("umovestr: PTRACE_PEEKDATA pid:%d @0x%" PRI_klx,
					   pid, addr);
				return -1;
		}

		unsigned int m = MIN(sizeof(long) - residue, len);
		memcpy(laddr, &u.x[residue], m);
		while (residue < sizeof(long))
			if (u.x[residue++] == '\0')
				return (laddr - orig_addr) + residue;
		residue = 0;
		addr += sizeof(long);
		laddr += m;
		nread += m;
		len -= m;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Like `umove' but make the additional effort of looking
 * for a terminating zero byte.
 *
 * Returns < 0 on error, strlen + 1  if NUL was seen,
 * else 0 if len bytes were read but no NUL byte seen.
 *
 * Note: there is no guarantee we won't overwrite some bytes
 * in laddr[] _after_ terminating NUL (but, of course,
 * we never write past laddr[len-1]).
 */
int
umovestr(struct tcb *const tcp, kernel_ulong_t addr, unsigned int len,
	 char *laddr)
{
	if (tracee_addr_is_invalid(addr))
		return -1;

	const int pid = tcp->pid;

	if (process_vm_readv_not_supported)
		return umovestr_peekdata(pid, addr, len, laddr);

	const size_t page_size = get_pagesize();
	const size_t page_mask = page_size - 1;
	unsigned int nread = 0;

	while (len) {
		/*
		 * Don't cross pages, otherwise we can get EFAULT
		 * and fail to notice that terminating NUL lies
		 * in the existing (first) page.
		 */
		unsigned int chunk_len = len > page_size ? page_size : len;
		unsigned int end_in_page = (addr + chunk_len) & page_mask;
		if (chunk_len > end_in_page) /* crosses to the next page */
			chunk_len -= end_in_page;

		int r = vm_read_mem(pid, laddr, addr, chunk_len);
		if (r > 0) {
			char *nul_addr = memchr(laddr, '\0', r);

			if (nul_addr)
				return (nul_addr - laddr) + 1;
			addr += r;
			laddr += r;
			nread += r;
			len -= r;
			continue;
		}
		switch (errno) {
			case ENOSYS:
			case EPERM:
				/* try PTRACE_PEEKDATA */
				if (!nread)
					return umovestr_peekdata(pid, addr,
								 len, laddr);
				ATTRIBUTE_FALLTHROUGH;
			case EFAULT: case EIO:
				/* address space is inaccessible */
				if (nread)
					perror_msg("umovestr: short read (%d < %d) @0x%" PRI_klx,
						   nread, nread + len, addr - nread);
				return -1;
			case ESRCH:
				/* the process is gone */
				return -1;
			default:
				/* all the rest is strange and should be reported */
				perror_msg("process_vm_readv: pid:%d @0x%" PRI_klx,
					    pid, addr);
				return -1;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}