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| <a name="license.gfdl"></a>2. The GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div></div></div> |
| <div class="literallayout"><p><br> |
| GNU Free Documentation License<br> |
| Version 1.2, November 2002<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br> |
| 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA<br> |
| Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies<br> |
| of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 0. PREAMBLE<br> |
| <br> |
| The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other<br> |
| functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to<br> |
| assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,<br> |
| with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.<br> |
| Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way<br> |
| to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible<br> |
| for modifications made by others.<br> |
| <br> |
| This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative<br> |
| works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It<br> |
| complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft<br> |
| license designed for free software.<br> |
| <br> |
| We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free<br> |
| software, because free software needs free documentation: a free<br> |
| program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the<br> |
| software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;<br> |
| it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or<br> |
| whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License<br> |
| principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS<br> |
| <br> |
| This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that<br> |
| contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be<br> |
| distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a<br> |
| world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that<br> |
| work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,<br> |
| refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a<br> |
| licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you<br> |
| copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission<br> |
| under copyright law.<br> |
| <br> |
| A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the<br> |
| Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with<br> |
| modifications and/or translated into another language.<br> |
| <br> |
| A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of<br> |
| the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the<br> |
| publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject<br> |
| (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly<br> |
| within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a<br> |
| textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any<br> |
| mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical<br> |
| connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,<br> |
| commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding<br> |
| them.<br> |
| <br> |
| The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles<br> |
| are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice<br> |
| that says that the Document is released under this License. If a<br> |
| section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not<br> |
| allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero<br> |
| Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant<br> |
| Sections then there are none.<br> |
| <br> |
| The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,<br> |
| as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that<br> |
| the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may<br> |
| be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.<br> |
| <br> |
| A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,<br> |
| represented in a format whose specification is available to the<br> |
| general public, that is suitable for revising the document<br> |
| straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of<br> |
| pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available<br> |
| drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or<br> |
| for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input<br> |
| to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file<br> |
| format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart<br> |
| or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.<br> |
| An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount<br> |
| of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".<br> |
| <br> |
| Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain<br> |
| ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML<br> |
| or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple<br> |
| HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of<br> |
| transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats<br> |
| include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by<br> |
| proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or<br> |
| processing tools are not generally available, and the<br> |
| machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word<br> |
| processors for output purposes only.<br> |
| <br> |
| The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,<br> |
| plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material<br> |
| this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in<br> |
| formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means<br> |
| the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title,<br> |
| preceding the beginning of the body of the text.<br> |
| <br> |
| A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose<br> |
| title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following<br> |
| text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a<br> |
| specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",<br> |
| "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title"<br> |
| of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a<br> |
| section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.<br> |
| <br> |
| The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which<br> |
| states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty<br> |
| Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this<br> |
| License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other<br> |
| implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has<br> |
| no effect on the meaning of this License.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 2. VERBATIM COPYING<br> |
| <br> |
| You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either<br> |
| commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the<br> |
| copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies<br> |
| to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other<br> |
| conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use<br> |
| technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further<br> |
| copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept<br> |
| compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough<br> |
| number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.<br> |
| <br> |
| You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and<br> |
| you may publicly display copies.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 3. COPYING IN QUANTITY<br> |
| <br> |
| If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have<br> |
| printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the<br> |
| Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the<br> |
| copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover<br> |
| Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on<br> |
| the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify<br> |
| you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present<br> |
| the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and<br> |
| visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.<br> |
| Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve<br> |
| the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated<br> |
| as verbatim copying in other respects.<br> |
| <br> |
| If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit<br> |
| legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit<br> |
| reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent<br> |
| pages.<br> |
| <br> |
| If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering<br> |
| more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent<br> |
| copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy<br> |
| a computer-network location from which the general network-using<br> |
| public has access to download using public-standard network protocols<br> |
| a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.<br> |
| If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,<br> |
| when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure<br> |
| that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated<br> |
| location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an<br> |
| Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that<br> |
| edition to the public.<br> |
| <br> |
| It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the<br> |
| Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give<br> |
| them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 4. MODIFICATIONS<br> |
| <br> |
| You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under<br> |
| the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release<br> |
| the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified<br> |
| Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution<br> |
| and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy<br> |
| of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:<br> |
| <br> |
| A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct<br> |
| from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions<br> |
| (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section<br> |
| of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version<br> |
| if the original publisher of that version gives permission.<br> |
| B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities<br> |
| responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified<br> |
| Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the<br> |
| Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),<br> |
| unless they release you from this requirement.<br> |
| C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the<br> |
| Modified Version, as the publisher.<br> |
| D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.<br> |
| E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications<br> |
| adjacent to the other copyright notices.<br> |
| F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice<br> |
| giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the<br> |
| terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.<br> |
| G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections<br> |
| and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.<br> |
| H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.<br> |
| I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add<br> |
| to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and<br> |
| publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If<br> |
| there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one<br> |
| stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as<br> |
| given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified<br> |
| Version as stated in the previous sentence.<br> |
| J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for<br> |
| public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise<br> |
| the network locations given in the Document for previous versions<br> |
| it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.<br> |
| You may omit a network location for a work that was published at<br> |
| least four years before the Document itself, or if the original<br> |
| publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.<br> |
| K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",<br> |
| Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all<br> |
| the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements<br> |
| and/or dedications given therein.<br> |
| L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,<br> |
| unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers<br> |
| or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.<br> |
| M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section<br> |
| may not be included in the Modified Version.<br> |
| N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"<br> |
| or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.<br> |
| O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.<br> |
| <br> |
| If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or<br> |
| appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material<br> |
| copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all<br> |
| of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the<br> |
| list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.<br> |
| These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.<br> |
| <br> |
| You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains<br> |
| nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various<br> |
| parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has<br> |
| been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a<br> |
| standard.<br> |
| <br> |
| You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a<br> |
| passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list<br> |
| of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of<br> |
| Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or<br> |
| through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already<br> |
| includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or<br> |
| by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,<br> |
| you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit<br> |
| permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.<br> |
| <br> |
| The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License<br> |
| give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or<br> |
| imply endorsement of any Modified Version.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS<br> |
| <br> |
| You may combine the Document with other documents released under this<br> |
| License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified<br> |
| versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the<br> |
| Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and<br> |
| list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its<br> |
| license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.<br> |
| <br> |
| The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and<br> |
| multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single<br> |
| copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but<br> |
| different contents, make the title of each such section unique by<br> |
| adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original<br> |
| author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number.<br> |
| Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of<br> |
| Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.<br> |
| <br> |
| In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"<br> |
| in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled<br> |
| "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",<br> |
| and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections<br> |
| Entitled "Endorsements".<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS<br> |
| <br> |
| You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents<br> |
| released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this<br> |
| License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in<br> |
| the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for<br> |
| verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.<br> |
| <br> |
| You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute<br> |
| it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this<br> |
| License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all<br> |
| other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS<br> |
| <br> |
| A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate<br> |
| and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or<br> |
| distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright<br> |
| resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights<br> |
| of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.<br> |
| When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not<br> |
| apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves<br> |
| derivative works of the Document.<br> |
| <br> |
| If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these<br> |
| copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of<br> |
| the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on<br> |
| covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the<br> |
| electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form.<br> |
| Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole<br> |
| aggregate.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 8. TRANSLATION<br> |
| <br> |
| Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may<br> |
| distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.<br> |
| Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special<br> |
| permission from their copyright holders, but you may include<br> |
| translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the<br> |
| original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a<br> |
| translation of this License, and all the license notices in the<br> |
| Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include<br> |
| the original English version of this License and the original versions<br> |
| of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between<br> |
| the translation and the original version of this License or a notice<br> |
| or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.<br> |
| <br> |
| If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",<br> |
| "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve<br> |
| its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual<br> |
| title.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 9. TERMINATION<br> |
| <br> |
| You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except<br> |
| as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to<br> |
| copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will<br> |
| automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,<br> |
| parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this<br> |
| License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such<br> |
| parties remain in full compliance.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| 10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE<br> |
| <br> |
| The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions<br> |
| of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new<br> |
| versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may<br> |
| differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See<br> |
| http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.<br> |
| <br> |
| Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.<br> |
| If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this<br> |
| License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of<br> |
| following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or<br> |
| of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the<br> |
| Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version<br> |
| number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not<br> |
| as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.<br> |
| <br> |
| <br> |
| ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents<br> |
| <br> |
| To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of<br> |
| the License in the document and put the following copyright and<br> |
| license notices just after the title page:<br> |
| <br> |
| Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.<br> |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document<br> |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2<br> |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;<br> |
| with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.<br> |
| A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU<br> |
| Free Documentation License".<br> |
| <br> |
| If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,<br> |
| replace the "with...Texts." line with this:<br> |
| <br> |
| with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the<br> |
| Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.<br> |
| <br> |
| If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other<br> |
| combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the<br> |
| situation.<br> |
| <br> |
| If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we<br> |
| recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of<br> |
| free software license, such as the GNU General Public License,<br> |
| to permit their use in free software.<br> |
| <br> |
| </p></div> |
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