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| <div class="layout-content-col span-9"> |
| <h2>Action Bar</h2> |
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| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_overview.png"> |
| |
| <p>The <em>action bar</em> is arguably the most important structural element of an Android app. It's a |
| dedicated piece of real estate at the top of each screen that is generally persistent throughout the |
| app.</p> |
| <p><strong>The main purpose of the action bar is to</strong>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Make important actions (such as <em>New</em> or <em>Search</em>, etc) prominent and accessible in a predictable |
| way.</li> |
| <li>Support consistent navigation and view switching within apps.</li> |
| <li>Reduce clutter by providing an action overflow for rarely used actions.</li> |
| <li>Provide a dedicated space for giving your app an identity.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>If you're new to writing Android apps, note that the action bar is one of the most important design |
| elements you can implement. Following the guidelines described here will go a long way toward making |
| your app's interface consistent with the core Android apps.</p> |
| <h2 id="organization">General Organization</h2> |
| |
| <p>The action bar is split into four different functional areas that apply to most apps.</p> |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_basics.png"> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-7 with-callouts"> |
| |
| <ol> |
| <li class="value-1"><h4>App icon</h4> |
| <p> |
| |
| The app icon establishes your app's identity. It can be replaced with a different logo or branding |
| if you wish. |
| Important: If the app is currently not displaying the top-level screen, be sure to display the Up |
| caret to the left of the app icon, so the user can navigate up the hierarchy. For more discussion of |
| Up navigation, see the <a href="../patterns/navigation.html">Navigation</a> pattern. |
| |
| <div class="figure"> |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_up_app_icon.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| App icon with and without "up" affordance. |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-6 with-callouts"> |
| |
| <ol> |
| <li class="value-2"><h4>View control</h4> |
| <p> |
| |
| If your app displays data in different views, this segment of the action bar allows users to switch |
| views. Examples of view-switching controls are drop-down menus or tab controls. |
| |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| |
| If your app doesn't support different views, you can also use this space to display non-interactive |
| content, such as an app title or longer branding information. |
| |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| <li class="value-3"><h4>Action buttons</h4> |
| <p> |
| |
| Show the most important actions of your app in the actions section. Actions that don't fit in the |
| action bar are moved automatically to the action overflow. |
| |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| <li class="value-4"><h4>Action overflow</h4> |
| <p> |
| |
| Move less often used actions to the action overflow. |
| |
| </p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <h2 id="adapting-rotation">Adapting to Rotation and Different Screen Sizes</h2> |
| |
| <p>One of the most important UI issues to consider when creating an app is how to adjust to screen |
| rotation on different screen sizes.</p> |
| <p>You can adapt to such changes by using <em>split action bars</em>, which allow you to distribute action bar |
| content across multiple bars located below the main action bar or at the bottom of the screen.</p> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_rotation.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| Split action bar showing action buttons at the bottom of the screen in vertical orientation. |
| </div> |
| |
| <h2 id="considerations-split-action-bars">Layout Considerations for Split Action Bars</h2> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-8 with-callouts"> |
| |
| <p>When splitting up content across multiple action bars, you generally have three possible locations |
| for action bar content:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li><strong>Main action bar</strong></li> |
| <li><strong>Top bar</strong></li> |
| <li><strong>Bottom bar</strong></li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>If the user can navigate up the hierarchy from a given screen, the main action bar contains the up |
| caret, at a minimum.</p> |
| <p>To allow the user to quickly switch between the views your app provides, use tabs or a spinner in |
| the top bar.</p> |
| <p>To display actions and, if necessary, the action overflow, use the bottom bar.</p> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-3"> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_considerations.png"> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <h2 id="contextual">Contextual Action Bars</h2> |
| |
| <p>A <em>contextual action bar (CAB)</em> is a temporary action bar that overlays the app's action bar for the |
| duration of a particular sub-task. CABs are most typically used for tasks that involve acting on |
| selected data or text.</p> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_cab.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| Contextual action bar shown in Browser and Gmail |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>The selection CAB appears after a long press on a selectable data item triggers selection mode.</p> |
| <p><strong>From here the user can</strong>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Select additional elements by touching them.</li> |
| <li>Trigger an action from the CAB that applies to all selected data items. The CAB then |
| automatically dismisses itself.</li> |
| <li>Dismiss the CAB via the navigation bar's Back button or the CAB's checkmark button. This removes |
| the CAB along with all selection highlights.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <p>Use CABs whenever you allow the user to select data via long press. You can control the action |
| content of a CAB in order to insert the actions you would like the user to be able to perform.</p> |
| <p>For more information, refer to the "Selection" pattern.</p> |
| <h2 id="elements">Action Bar Elements</h2> |
| |
| <h4>Tabs</h4> |
| <p><em>Tabs</em> display app views concurrently and make it easy to explore and switch between them. Use tabs |
| if you expect your users to switch views frequently.</p> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/tabs_youtube.png"> |
| |
| <p>There are two types of tabs: fixed and scrollable.</p> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-6"> |
| |
| <h4>Scrollable tabs</h4> |
| <p><em>Scrollable tabs</em> always take up the entire width of the bar, with the currently active view item in |
| the center, and therefore need to live in a dedicated bar. Scrollable tabs can themselves be |
| scrolled horizontally to bring more tabs into view.</p> |
| <p>Use scrollable tabs if you have a large number of views or if you're unsure how many views will be |
| displayed because your app inserts views dynamically (for example, open chats in a messaging app |
| that the user can navigate between). Scrollable tabs should always allow the user to navigate |
| between the views by swiping left or right on the content area as well as swiping the tabs |
| themselves.</p> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-7"> |
| |
| <video width="400" class="with-shadow play-on-hover" autoplay> |
| <source src="../static/content/tabs_scrolly.mp4" type="video/mp4"> |
| <source src="../static/content/tabs_scrolly.webm" type="video/webm"> |
| <source src="../static/content/tabs_scrolly.ogv" type="video/ogg"> |
| </video> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| Scrolling tabs on Google Play. |
| <div class="video-instructions"> </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-6"> |
| |
| <h4>Fixed tabs</h4> |
| <p><em>Fixed tabs</em> are always visible on the screen, and can't be moved out of the way like scrollable |
| tabs. Fixed tabs in the main action bar can move to the top bar when the screen orientation changes.</p> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-7"> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_default_tabs.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| Default fixed tabs shown in Holo Dark & Light. |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-6"> |
| |
| <h4>Spinners</h4> |
| <p>A <em>spinner</em> is a drop-down menu that allows users to switch between views of your app. </p> |
| <p><strong>Use spinners rather than tabs in the main action bar if</strong>:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>You don't want to give up the vertical screen real estate for a dedicated tab bar.</li> |
| <li>You expect your app's users to switch views infrequently.</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-7"> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_spinner.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| Action bar spinner from Calendar application. |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <h4>Action buttons</h4> |
| <p><em>Action buttons</em> on the action bar surface your app's most important activities. Think about which |
| buttons will get used most often, and order them accordingly. Depending on available screen real |
| estate, the system shows your most important actions as action buttons and moves the rest to the |
| action overflow. The action bar and the action overflow should only present actions to the user that |
| are available. If an action is unavailable in the current context, hide it. Do not show it as |
| disabled.</p> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_action_icons.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| A sampling of action buttons used throughout the Gmail application. |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>For guidance on prioritizing actions, use the FIT scheme.</p> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-4"> |
| |
| <p><strong>F — Frequent</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Will people use this action at least 7 out of 10 times they visit the screen?</li> |
| <li>Will they typically use it several times in a row?</li> |
| <li>Would taking an extra step every time truly be burdensome?</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-4"> |
| |
| <p><strong>I — Important</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Do you want everyone to discover this action because it's especially cool or a selling point?</li> |
| <li>Is it something that needs to be effortless in the rare cases it's needed?</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-4"> |
| |
| <p><strong>T — Typical</strong></p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Is it typically presented as a first-class action in similar apps?</li> |
| <li>Given the context, would people be surprised if it were buried in the action overflow?</li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>If either F, I, or T apply, then it's appropriate for the action bar. Otherwise, it belongs in the |
| action overflow.</p> |
| |
| <p> |
| |
| Pre-defined glyphs should be used for certain common actions such as "refresh" and "share." The |
| download link below provides a package with icons that are scaled for various screen densities and |
| are suitable for use with the Holo Light and Holo Dark themes. The package also includes unstyled |
| icons that you can modify to match your theme, in addition to Adobe® Illustrator® source |
| files for further customization. |
| |
| </p> |
| <p> |
| |
| <a href="https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/design/Android_Design_Icons_20120229.zip">Download the Action Bar Icon Pack</a> |
| |
| </p> |
| |
| <div class="layout-content-row"> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-6"> |
| |
| <h4>Action overflow</h4> |
| <p>The action overflow in the action bar provides access to your app's less frequently used actions. |
| The overflow icon only appears on phones that have no menu hardware keys. Phones with menu keys |
| display the action overflow when the user presses the key.</p> |
| |
| </div> |
| <div class="layout-content-col span-7"> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_overflow.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| Action overflow is pinned to the right side. |
| </div> |
| |
| </div> |
| </div> |
| |
| <p>How many actions will fit in the main action bar? Action bar capacity is controlled by the following |
| rules:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>Action buttons in the main action bar may not occupy more than 50% of the bar's width. Action |
| buttons on bottom action bars can use the entire width.</li> |
| <li>The screen width in density-independent pixels |
| (<acronym title="Density-independent pixels. One dp is one pixel on a 160 dpi screen.">dp</acronym>) |
| determine the number of items that will fit in the main action bar:<ul> |
| <li>smaller than 360 dp = 2 icons</li> |
| <li>360-499 dp = 3 icons</li> |
| <li>500-599 dp = 4 icons</li> |
| <li>600 dp and larger = 5 icons</li> |
| </ul> |
| </li> |
| </ul> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_table.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| In the above table "o" denotes an action bar item and "=" an overflow icon. |
| </div> |
| |
| <h4>Sharing data</h4> |
| <p>Whenever your app permits sharing of data, such as images or movie clips, use a <em>share action |
| provider</em> in your action bar. The share action provider is designed to speed up sharing by |
| displaying the most recently used sharing service next to a spinner button that contains other |
| sharing options.</p> |
| |
| <img src="../static/content/action_bar_pattern_share_pack.png"> |
| <div class="figure-caption"> |
| The Gallery app's share action provider with extended spinner for additional sharing options. |
| </div> |
| |
| <h2 id="checklist">Action Bar Checklist</h2> |
| |
| <p>When planning your split action bars, ask yourself questions like these:</p> |
| <h4>How important is view navigation to the task?</h4> |
| <p>If view navigation is very important to your app, use tabs (for fastest view-switching) or spinners.</p> |
| <h4>Which of the app's actions need to be consistently available directly from the action bar, and which can be moved to the action overflow?</h4> |
| <p>Use the <acronym title="Frequent, Important or Typical">FIT</acronym> scheme to decide if actions |
| are displayed at the top-level or can be moved to the action overflow. If the number of top-level |
| actions exceeds the capacity of the main action bar, display them separately in a bottom action bar.</p> |
| <h4>What else is important enough to warrant continuous display?</h4> |
| <p>Sometimes it is important to display contextual information for your app that's always visible. |
| Examples are the number of unread messages in a messaging inbox view or the Now Playing information |
| in a music player. Carefully plan which important information you would like to display and |
| structure your action bars accordingly.</p> |
| |
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