Merge "Add RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_NR to IntDef"
diff --git a/api/current.txt b/api/current.txt
index 35cedf3..37dffa8 100755
--- a/api/current.txt
+++ b/api/current.txt
@@ -8385,6 +8385,13 @@
     method @Deprecated @BinderThread public void onHealthChannelStateChange(android.bluetooth.BluetoothHealthAppConfiguration, android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice, int, int, android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor, int);
   }
 
+  public final class BluetoothHearingAid implements android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
+    method public java.util.List<android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice> getConnectedDevices();
+    method public int getConnectionState(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
+    method public java.util.List<android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice> getDevicesMatchingConnectionStates(int[]);
+    field public static final String ACTION_CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED = "android.bluetooth.hearingaid.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED";
+  }
+
   public final class BluetoothHidDevice implements android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile {
     method public boolean connect(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
     method public boolean disconnect(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice);
@@ -8480,6 +8487,7 @@
     field public static final int GATT_SERVER = 8; // 0x8
     field public static final int HEADSET = 1; // 0x1
     field @Deprecated public static final int HEALTH = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int HEARING_AID = 21; // 0x15
     field public static final int HID_DEVICE = 19; // 0x13
     field public static final int SAP = 10; // 0xa
     field public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 2; // 0x2
@@ -11356,6 +11364,7 @@
     field public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_CDMA = "android.hardware.telephony.cdma";
     field public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_EUICC = "android.hardware.telephony.euicc";
     field public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_GSM = "android.hardware.telephony.gsm";
+    field public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_IMS = "android.hardware.telephony.ims";
     field public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_MBMS = "android.hardware.telephony.mbms";
     field @Deprecated public static final String FEATURE_TELEVISION = "android.hardware.type.television";
     field public static final String FEATURE_TOUCHSCREEN = "android.hardware.touchscreen";
@@ -27103,6 +27112,7 @@
   public class ConnectivityManager {
     method public void addDefaultNetworkActiveListener(android.net.ConnectivityManager.OnNetworkActiveListener);
     method public boolean bindProcessToNetwork(@Nullable android.net.Network);
+    method public android.net.SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) @Nullable public android.net.Network getActiveNetwork();
     method @Deprecated @Nullable @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo getActiveNetworkInfo();
     method @Deprecated @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE) public android.net.NetworkInfo[] getAllNetworkInfo();
@@ -27607,6 +27617,29 @@
     ctor public SSLSessionCache(android.content.Context);
   }
 
+  public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public final void close();
+    method public final void start(@IntRange(from=0xa, to=0xe10) int);
+    method public final void stop();
+    field public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31; // 0xffffffe1
+    field public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED = -30; // 0xffffffe2
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24; // 0xffffffe8
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21; // 0xffffffeb
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23; // 0xffffffe9
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20; // 0xffffffec
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22; // 0xffffffea
+    field public static final int ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET = -25; // 0xffffffe7
+    field public static final int ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE = -26; // 0xffffffe6
+  }
+
+  public static class SocketKeepalive.Callback {
+    ctor public SocketKeepalive.Callback();
+    method public void onDataReceived();
+    method public void onError(int);
+    method public void onStarted();
+    method public void onStopped();
+  }
+
   public class TrafficStats {
     ctor public TrafficStats();
     method public static void clearThreadStatsTag();
@@ -37360,6 +37393,7 @@
     field public static final String CONTENT_ID = "cid";
     field public static final String CONTENT_LOCATION = "cl";
     field public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "ct";
+    field public static final android.net.Uri CONTENT_URI;
     field public static final String CT_START = "ctt_s";
     field public static final String CT_TYPE = "ctt_t";
     field public static final String FILENAME = "fn";
@@ -42854,6 +42888,7 @@
     method public String getNumber();
     method public int getSimSlotIndex();
     method public int getSubscriptionId();
+    method public int getSubscriptionType();
     method public boolean isEmbedded();
     method public boolean isOpportunistic();
     method public void writeToParcel(android.os.Parcel, int);
@@ -42904,6 +42939,8 @@
     field public static final String EXTRA_SUBSCRIPTION_INDEX = "android.telephony.extra.SUBSCRIPTION_INDEX";
     field public static final int INVALID_SIM_SLOT_INDEX = -1; // 0xffffffff
     field public static final int INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = -1; // 0xffffffff
+    field public static final int SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM = 1; // 0x1
   }
 
   public static class SubscriptionManager.OnOpportunisticSubscriptionsChangedListener {
diff --git a/api/system-current.txt b/api/system-current.txt
index dae0049..8ce317f 100644
--- a/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/api/system-current.txt
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
     field public static final String ACTION_REQUEST_BLE_SCAN_ALWAYS_AVAILABLE = "android.bluetooth.adapter.action.REQUEST_BLE_SCAN_ALWAYS_AVAILABLE";
   }
 
-  public abstract class BluetoothAdapter.MetadataListener {
+  public abstract static class BluetoothAdapter.MetadataListener {
     ctor public BluetoothAdapter.MetadataListener();
     method public void onMetadataChanged(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice, int, String);
   }
@@ -3060,6 +3060,7 @@
   }
 
   public class ConnectivityManager {
+    method @RequiresPermission("android.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD") public android.net.SocketKeepalive createNattKeepalive(@NonNull android.net.Network, @NonNull java.io.FileDescriptor, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.net.InetAddress, @NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback);
     method public boolean getAvoidBadWifi();
     method @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.LOCAL_MAC_ADDRESS) public String getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
     method @RequiresPermission(anyOf={android.Manifest.permission.TETHER_PRIVILEGED, android.Manifest.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS}) public boolean isTetheringSupported();
@@ -3080,7 +3081,12 @@
     method public void onTetheringStarted();
   }
 
+  public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpPrefix(java.net.InetAddress, int);
+  }
+
   public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public LinkAddress(java.net.InetAddress, int, int, int);
     ctor public LinkAddress(java.net.InetAddress, int);
     ctor public LinkAddress(String);
     method public boolean isGlobalPreferred();
@@ -3091,9 +3097,12 @@
 
   public final class LinkProperties implements android.os.Parcelable {
     ctor public LinkProperties();
+    ctor public LinkProperties(android.net.LinkProperties);
     method public boolean addDnsServer(java.net.InetAddress);
     method public boolean addRoute(android.net.RouteInfo);
     method public void clear();
+    method @Nullable public android.net.IpPrefix getNat64Prefix();
+    method public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getPcscfServers();
     method public String getTcpBufferSizes();
     method public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getValidatedPrivateDnsServers();
     method public boolean hasGlobalIPv6Address();
@@ -3111,6 +3120,8 @@
     method public void setInterfaceName(String);
     method public void setLinkAddresses(java.util.Collection<android.net.LinkAddress>);
     method public void setMtu(int);
+    method public void setNat64Prefix(android.net.IpPrefix);
+    method public void setPcscfServers(java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
     method public void setPrivateDnsServerName(@Nullable String);
     method public void setTcpBufferSizes(String);
     method public void setUsePrivateDns(boolean);
@@ -3165,6 +3176,7 @@
   }
 
   public final class RouteInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public RouteInfo(android.net.IpPrefix, java.net.InetAddress, String, int);
     method public int getType();
     field public static final int RTN_THROW = 9; // 0x9
     field public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
@@ -3298,6 +3310,7 @@
   }
 
   public class IpConnectivityLog {
+    ctor public IpConnectivityLog();
     method public boolean log(long, android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event);
     method public boolean log(String, android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event);
     method public boolean log(android.net.Network, int[], android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event);
@@ -3346,6 +3359,20 @@
     field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_FAILED = 3; // 0x3
   }
 
+  public final class RaEvent implements android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event {
+  }
+
+  public static class RaEvent.Builder {
+    ctor public RaEvent.Builder();
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent build();
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateDnsslLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updatePrefixPreferredLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updatePrefixValidLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateRdnssLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateRouteInfoLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateRouterLifetime(long);
+  }
+
   public final class ValidationProbeEvent implements android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event {
     method public static String getProbeName(int);
     field public static final int DNS_FAILURE = 0; // 0x0
diff --git a/api/test-current.txt b/api/test-current.txt
index 386beaa..03692e9 100644
--- a/api/test-current.txt
+++ b/api/test-current.txt
@@ -611,11 +611,16 @@
     field public static final String EXTRA_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT = "android.net.extra.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_USER_AGENT";
   }
 
+  public final class IpPrefix implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public IpPrefix(java.net.InetAddress, int);
+  }
+
   public final class IpSecManager {
     field public static final int INVALID_SECURITY_PARAMETER_INDEX = 0; // 0x0
   }
 
   public class LinkAddress implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public LinkAddress(java.net.InetAddress, int, int, int);
     method public boolean isGlobalPreferred();
     method public boolean isIPv4();
     method public boolean isIPv6();
@@ -623,7 +628,10 @@
   }
 
   public final class LinkProperties implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public LinkProperties(android.net.LinkProperties);
     method public boolean addDnsServer(java.net.InetAddress);
+    method @Nullable public android.net.IpPrefix getNat64Prefix();
+    method public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getPcscfServers();
     method public String getTcpBufferSizes();
     method public java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> getValidatedPrivateDnsServers();
     method public boolean hasGlobalIPv6Address();
@@ -635,6 +643,8 @@
     method public boolean isReachable(java.net.InetAddress);
     method public boolean removeDnsServer(java.net.InetAddress);
     method public boolean removeRoute(android.net.RouteInfo);
+    method public void setNat64Prefix(android.net.IpPrefix);
+    method public void setPcscfServers(java.util.Collection<java.net.InetAddress>);
     method public void setPrivateDnsServerName(@Nullable String);
     method public void setTcpBufferSizes(String);
     method public void setUsePrivateDns(boolean);
@@ -652,6 +662,7 @@
   }
 
   public final class RouteInfo implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    ctor public RouteInfo(android.net.IpPrefix, java.net.InetAddress, String, int);
     method public int getType();
     field public static final int RTN_THROW = 9; // 0x9
     field public static final int RTN_UNICAST = 1; // 0x1
@@ -738,6 +749,7 @@
   }
 
   public class IpConnectivityLog {
+    ctor public IpConnectivityLog();
     method public boolean log(long, android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event);
     method public boolean log(String, android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event);
     method public boolean log(android.net.Network, int[], android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event);
@@ -786,6 +798,20 @@
     field public static final int NETWORK_VALIDATION_FAILED = 3; // 0x3
   }
 
+  public final class RaEvent implements android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event {
+  }
+
+  public static class RaEvent.Builder {
+    ctor public RaEvent.Builder();
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent build();
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateDnsslLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updatePrefixPreferredLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updatePrefixValidLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateRdnssLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateRouteInfoLifetime(long);
+    method public android.net.metrics.RaEvent.Builder updateRouterLifetime(long);
+  }
+
   public final class ValidationProbeEvent implements android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog.Event {
     method public static String getProbeName(int);
     field public static final int DNS_FAILURE = 0; // 0x0
diff --git a/cmds/statsd/src/packages/UidMap.cpp b/cmds/statsd/src/packages/UidMap.cpp
index 88957df..10cbc07 100644
--- a/cmds/statsd/src/packages/UidMap.cpp
+++ b/cmds/statsd/src/packages/UidMap.cpp
@@ -493,6 +493,7 @@
                                                              {"AID_LMKD", 1069},
                                                              {"AID_LLKD", 1070},
                                                              {"AID_IORAPD", 1071},
+                                                             {"AID_NETWORK_STACK", 1073},
                                                              {"AID_SHELL", 2000},
                                                              {"AID_CACHE", 2001},
                                                              {"AID_DIAG", 2002}};
diff --git a/config/hiddenapi-greylist.txt b/config/hiddenapi-greylist.txt
index a140db0..3d5b32a 100644
--- a/config/hiddenapi-greylist.txt
+++ b/config/hiddenapi-greylist.txt
@@ -1896,22 +1896,10 @@
 Lcom/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit;->initialized:Z
 Lcom/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit;->main([Ljava/lang/String;)V
 Lcom/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit;->mApplicationObject:Landroid/os/IBinder;
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;-><init>([Ljava/lang/String;)V
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->effectiveCapabilities:J
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->gid:I
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->gids:[I
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->permittedCapabilities:J
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->remainingArgs:[Ljava/lang/String;
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->rlimits:Ljava/util/ArrayList;
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;->uid:I
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->applyUidSecurityPolicy(Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection$Arguments;Landroid/net/Credentials;)V
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->closeSocket()V
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->getFileDesciptor()Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->intArray2d:[[I
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->mSocket:Landroid/net/LocalSocket;
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->mSocketOutStream:Ljava/io/DataOutputStream;
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->peer:Landroid/net/Credentials;
-Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection;->readArgumentList()[Ljava/lang/String;
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit;->main([Ljava/lang/String;)V
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit;->mResources:Landroid/content/res/Resources;
 Lcom/android/internal/os/ZygoteSecurityException;-><init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V
@@ -3624,7 +3612,7 @@
 Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->mLock:Ljava/lang/Object;
 Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->notifySubscriptionInfoChanged()V
 Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->setDefaultDataSubId(I)V
-Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->setDefaultFallbackSubId(I)V
+Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->setDefaultFallbackSubId(II)V
 Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->setDefaultSmsSubId(I)V
 Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->setDefaultVoiceSubId(I)V
 Lcom/android/internal/telephony/SubscriptionController;->setPlmnSpn(IZLjava/lang/String;ZLjava/lang/String;)Z
diff --git a/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.java b/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.java
index e04aac4..4afd520 100644
--- a/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.java
+++ b/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothAdapter.java
@@ -1900,6 +1900,20 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Return true if Hearing Aid Profile is supported.
+     *
+     * @return true if phone supports Hearing Aid Profile
+     */
+    private boolean isHearingAidProfileSupported() {
+        try {
+            return mManagerService.isHearingAidProfileSupported();
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "remote expection when calling isHearingAidProfileSupported", e);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Get the maximum number of connected audio devices.
      *
      * @return the maximum number of connected audio devices
@@ -2051,6 +2065,11 @@
                             supportedProfiles.add(i);
                         }
                     }
+                } else {
+                    // Bluetooth is disabled. Just fill in known supported Profiles
+                    if (isHearingAidProfileSupported()) {
+                        supportedProfiles.add(BluetoothProfile.HEARING_AID);
+                    }
                 }
             }
         } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -2468,15 +2487,16 @@
      * Get the profile proxy object associated with the profile.
      *
      * <p>Profile can be one of {@link BluetoothProfile#HEADSET}, {@link BluetoothProfile#A2DP},
-     * {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT}, or {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT_SERVER}. Clients must
-     * implement {@link BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener} to get notified of the connection status
-     * and to get the proxy object.
+     * {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT}, {@link BluetoothProfile#HEARING_AID}, or {@link
+     * BluetoothProfile#GATT_SERVER}. Clients must implement {@link
+     * BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener} to get notified of the connection status and to get the
+     * proxy object.
      *
      * @param context Context of the application
      * @param listener The service Listener for connection callbacks.
      * @param profile The Bluetooth profile; either {@link BluetoothProfile#HEADSET},
-     * {@link BluetoothProfile#A2DP}. {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT} or
-     * {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT_SERVER}.
+     * {@link BluetoothProfile#A2DP}, {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT}, {@link
+     * BluetoothProfile#HEARING_AID} or {@link BluetoothProfile#GATT_SERVER}.
      * @return true on success, false on error
      */
     public boolean getProfileProxy(Context context, BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener listener,
@@ -2525,8 +2545,11 @@
             BluetoothHidDevice hidDevice = new BluetoothHidDevice(context, listener);
             return true;
         } else if (profile == BluetoothProfile.HEARING_AID) {
-            BluetoothHearingAid hearingAid = new BluetoothHearingAid(context, listener);
-            return true;
+            if (isHearingAidProfileSupported()) {
+                BluetoothHearingAid hearingAid = new BluetoothHearingAid(context, listener);
+                return true;
+            }
+            return false;
         } else {
             return false;
         }
@@ -3253,7 +3276,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @SystemApi
-    public abstract class MetadataListener {
+    public abstract static class MetadataListener {
         /**
          * Callback triggered if the metadata of {@link BluetoothDevice} registered in
          * {@link #registerMetadataListener}.
diff --git a/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothHearingAid.java b/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothHearingAid.java
index 2bf7dad..23a8159 100644
--- a/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothHearingAid.java
+++ b/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothHearingAid.java
@@ -38,15 +38,14 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock;
 
 /**
- * This class provides the public APIs to control the Bluetooth Hearing Aid
- * profile.
+ * This class provides the public APIs to control the Hearing Aid profile.
  *
  * <p>BluetoothHearingAid is a proxy object for controlling the Bluetooth Hearing Aid
  * Service via IPC. Use {@link BluetoothAdapter#getProfileProxy} to get
  * the BluetoothHearingAid proxy object.
  *
- * <p> Each method is protected with its appropriate permission.
- * @hide
+ * <p> Android only supports one set of connected Bluetooth Hearing Aid device at a time. Each
+ * method is protected with its appropriate permission.
  */
 public final class BluetoothHearingAid implements BluetoothProfile {
     private static final String TAG = "BluetoothHearingAid";
@@ -55,7 +54,8 @@
 
     /**
      * Intent used to broadcast the change in connection state of the Hearing Aid
-     * profile.
+     * profile. Please note that in the binaural case, there will be two different LE devices for
+     * the left and right side and each device will have their own connection state changes.S
      *
      * <p>This intent will have 3 extras:
      * <ul>
@@ -76,27 +76,6 @@
             "android.bluetooth.hearingaid.profile.action.CONNECTION_STATE_CHANGED";
 
     /**
-     * Intent used to broadcast the change in the Playing state of the Hearing Aid
-     * profile.
-     *
-     * <p>This intent will have 3 extras:
-     * <ul>
-     * <li> {@link #EXTRA_STATE} - The current state of the profile. </li>
-     * <li> {@link #EXTRA_PREVIOUS_STATE}- The previous state of the profile. </li>
-     * <li> {@link BluetoothDevice#EXTRA_DEVICE} - The remote device. </li>
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * <p>{@link #EXTRA_STATE} or {@link #EXTRA_PREVIOUS_STATE} can be any of
-     * {@link #STATE_PLAYING}, {@link #STATE_NOT_PLAYING},
-     *
-     * <p>Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#BLUETOOTH} permission to
-     * receive.
-     */
-    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
-    public static final String ACTION_PLAYING_STATE_CHANGED =
-            "android.bluetooth.hearingaid.profile.action.PLAYING_STATE_CHANGED";
-
-    /**
      * Intent used to broadcast the selection of a connected device as active.
      *
      * <p>This intent will have one extra:
@@ -107,6 +86,8 @@
      *
      * <p>Requires {@link android.Manifest.permission#BLUETOOTH} permission to
      * receive.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
     @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.BROADCAST_INTENT_ACTION)
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
@@ -114,32 +95,38 @@
             "android.bluetooth.hearingaid.profile.action.ACTIVE_DEVICE_CHANGED";
 
     /**
-     * Hearing Aid device is streaming music. This state can be one of
-     * {@link #EXTRA_STATE} or {@link #EXTRA_PREVIOUS_STATE} of
-     * {@link #ACTION_PLAYING_STATE_CHANGED} intent.
+     * This device represents Left Hearing Aid.
+     *
+     * @hide
      */
-    public static final int STATE_PLAYING = 10;
-
-    /**
-     * Hearing Aid device is NOT streaming music. This state can be one of
-     * {@link #EXTRA_STATE} or {@link #EXTRA_PREVIOUS_STATE} of
-     * {@link #ACTION_PLAYING_STATE_CHANGED} intent.
-     */
-    public static final int STATE_NOT_PLAYING = 11;
-
-    /** This device represents Left Hearing Aid. */
     public static final int SIDE_LEFT = IBluetoothHearingAid.SIDE_LEFT;
 
-    /** This device represents Right Hearing Aid. */
+    /**
+     * This device represents Right Hearing Aid.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final int SIDE_RIGHT = IBluetoothHearingAid.SIDE_RIGHT;
 
-    /** This device is Monaural. */
+    /**
+     * This device is Monaural.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final int MODE_MONAURAL = IBluetoothHearingAid.MODE_MONAURAL;
 
-    /** This device is Binaural (should receive only left or right audio). */
+    /**
+     * This device is Binaural (should receive only left or right audio).
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final int MODE_BINAURAL = IBluetoothHearingAid.MODE_BINAURAL;
 
-    /** Can't read ClientID for this device */
+    /**
+     * Indicates the HiSyncID could not be read and is unavailable.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
     public static final long HI_SYNC_ID_INVALID = IBluetoothHearingAid.HI_SYNC_ID_INVALID;
 
     private Context mContext;
@@ -235,12 +222,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public void finalize() {
-        // The empty finalize needs to be kept or the
-        // cts signature tests would fail.
-    }
-
     /**
      * Initiate connection to a profile of the remote bluetooth device.
      *
@@ -537,10 +518,6 @@
                 return "connected";
             case STATE_DISCONNECTING:
                 return "disconnecting";
-            case STATE_PLAYING:
-                return "playing";
-            case STATE_NOT_PLAYING:
-                return "not playing";
             default:
                 return "<unknown state " + state + ">";
         }
diff --git a/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothProfile.java b/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothProfile.java
index 3c87c73..b8670db 100644
--- a/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothProfile.java
+++ b/core/java/android/bluetooth/BluetoothProfile.java
@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@
     /**
      * Hearing Aid Device
      *
-     * @hide
      */
     int HEARING_AID = 21;
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageManager.java b/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageManager.java
index 83e8785..2130c39 100644
--- a/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/content/pm/PackageManager.java
@@ -2188,6 +2188,13 @@
     public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_MBMS = "android.hardware.telephony.mbms";
 
     /**
+     * Feature for {@link #getSystemAvailableFeatures} and {@link #hasSystemFeature}: The device
+     * supports attaching to IMS implementations using the ImsService API in telephony.
+     */
+    @SdkConstant(SdkConstantType.FEATURE)
+    public static final String FEATURE_TELEPHONY_IMS = "android.hardware.telephony.ims";
+
+    /**
      * Feature for {@link #getSystemAvailableFeatures} and
      * {@link #hasSystemFeature}: The device supports connecting to USB devices
      * as the USB host.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index c809cca..5bb24ba 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
  */
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.IpSecManager.INVALID_RESOURCE_ID;
+
+import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -28,6 +31,8 @@
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive.Callback;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES;
@@ -58,6 +63,7 @@
 
 import libcore.net.event.NetworkEventDispatcher;
 
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
@@ -66,6 +72,7 @@
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
 
 /**
  * Class that answers queries about the state of network connectivity. It also
@@ -1699,6 +1706,8 @@
      * {@link PacketKeepaliveCallback#onStopped} if the operation was successful or
      * {@link PacketKeepaliveCallback#onError} if an error occurred.
      *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link SocketKeepalive} instead.
+     *
      * @hide
      */
     public class PacketKeepalive {
@@ -1802,6 +1811,8 @@
     /**
      * Starts an IPsec NAT-T keepalive packet with the specified parameters.
      *
+     * @deprecated Use {@link #createSocketKeepalive} instead.
+     *
      * @hide
      */
     @UnsupportedAppUsage
@@ -1821,6 +1832,62 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Request that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the socket is on.
+     * @param socket The socket that needs to be kept alive.
+     * @param source The source address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     * @param destination The destination address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. The provided {@link Executor}
+     *                 must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of callbacks cannot be
+     *                 guaranteed.
+     * @param callback A {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback}. Used for notifications about keepalive
+     *        changes. Must be extended by applications that use this API.
+     *
+     * @return A {@link SocketKeepalive} object, which can be used to control this keepalive object.
+     **/
+    public SocketKeepalive createSocketKeepalive(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull UdpEncapsulationSocket socket,
+            @NonNull InetAddress source,
+            @NonNull InetAddress destination,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        return new NattSocketKeepalive(mService, network, socket.getFileDescriptor(),
+            socket.getResourceId(), source, destination, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket file descriptor. Directly called
+     * by system apps which don't use IpSecService to create {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     *
+     * @param network The {@link Network} the socket is on.
+     * @param fd The {@link FileDescriptor} that needs to be kept alive. The provided
+     *        {@link FileDescriptor} must be bound to a port and the keepalives will be sent from
+     *        that port.
+     * @param source The source address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}.
+     * @param destination The destination address of the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket}. The
+     *        keepalive packets will always be sent to port 4500 of the given {@code destination}.
+     * @param executor The executor on which callback will be invoked. The provided {@link Executor}
+     *                 must run callback sequentially, otherwise the order of callbacks cannot be
+     *                 guaranteed.
+     * @param callback A {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback}. Used for notifications about keepalive
+     *        changes. Must be extended by applications that use this API.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    @SystemApi
+    @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.PACKET_KEEPALIVE_OFFLOAD)
+    public SocketKeepalive createNattKeepalive(@NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor fd,
+            @NonNull InetAddress source,
+            @NonNull InetAddress destination,
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        return new NattSocketKeepalive(mService, network, fd, INVALID_RESOURCE_ID /* Unused */,
+                source, destination, executor, callback);
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Ensure that a network route exists to deliver traffic to the specified
      * host via the specified network interface. An attempt to add a route that
      * already exists is ignored, but treated as successful.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
index 131925e..e97060a 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IConnectivityManager.aidl
@@ -181,6 +181,10 @@
     void startNattKeepalive(in Network network, int intervalSeconds, in Messenger messenger,
             in IBinder binder, String srcAddr, int srcPort, String dstAddr);
 
+    void startNattKeepaliveWithFd(in Network network, in FileDescriptor fd, int resourceId,
+            int intervalSeconds, in Messenger messenger, in IBinder binder, String srcAddr,
+            String dstAddr);
+
     void stopKeepalive(in Network network, int slot);
 
     String getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java b/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java
index 4631c56..b996cda 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/IpPrefix.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 import android.util.Pair;
@@ -83,6 +85,8 @@
      * @param prefixLength the prefix length. Must be &gt;= 0 and &lt;= (32 or 128) (IPv4 or IPv6).
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public IpPrefix(InetAddress address, int prefixLength) {
         // We don't reuse the (byte[], int) constructor because it calls clone() on the byte array,
         // which is unnecessary because getAddress() already returns a clone.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java b/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java
index a536d08..fbd602c 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/LinkAddress.java
@@ -162,6 +162,8 @@
      *              {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_LINK} or {@link OsConstants#RT_SCOPE_SITE}).
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public LinkAddress(InetAddress address, int prefixLength, int flags, int scope) {
         init(address, prefixLength, flags, scope);
     }
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java b/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
index 21b6a8e..6628701 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/LinkProperties.java
@@ -174,7 +174,8 @@
     /**
      * @hide
      */
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public LinkProperties(LinkProperties source) {
         if (source != null) {
             mIfaceName = source.mIfaceName;
@@ -576,6 +577,8 @@
      * @param addresses The {@link Collection} of PCSCF servers to set in this object.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public void setPcscfServers(Collection<InetAddress> pcscfServers) {
         mPcscfs.clear();
         for (InetAddress pcscfServer: pcscfServers) {
@@ -590,6 +593,8 @@
      *         this link.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public List<InetAddress> getPcscfServers() {
         return Collections.unmodifiableList(mPcscfs);
     }
@@ -781,6 +786,8 @@
      * @return the NAT64 prefix.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public @Nullable IpPrefix getNat64Prefix() {
         return mNat64Prefix;
     }
@@ -794,6 +801,8 @@
      * @param prefix the NAT64 prefix.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public void setNat64Prefix(IpPrefix prefix) {
         if (prefix != null && prefix.getPrefixLength() != 96) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Only 96-bit prefixes are supported: " + prefix);
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NattSocketKeepalive.java b/core/java/android/net/NattSocketKeepalive.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88631ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NattSocketKeepalive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/** @hide */
+public final class NattSocketKeepalive extends SocketKeepalive {
+    /** The NAT-T destination port for IPsec */
+    public static final int NATT_PORT = 4500;
+
+    @NonNull private final InetAddress mSource;
+    @NonNull private final InetAddress mDestination;
+    @NonNull private final FileDescriptor mFd;
+    private final int mResourceId;
+
+    NattSocketKeepalive(@NonNull IConnectivityManager service,
+            @NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull FileDescriptor fd,
+            int resourceId,
+            @NonNull InetAddress source,
+            @NonNull InetAddress destination,
+            @NonNull Executor executor,
+            @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        super(service, network, executor, callback);
+        mSource = source;
+        mDestination = destination;
+        mFd = fd;
+        mResourceId = resourceId;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void startImpl(int intervalSec) {
+        try {
+            mService.startNattKeepaliveWithFd(mNetwork, mFd, mResourceId, intervalSec, mMessenger,
+                    new Binder(), mSource.getHostAddress(), mDestination.getHostAddress());
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error starting packet keepalive: ", e);
+            stopLooper();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    void stopImpl() {
+        try {
+            if (mSlot != null) {
+                mService.stopKeepalive(mNetwork, mSlot);
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "Error stopping packet keepalive: ", e);
+            stopLooper();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
index 6bf2c67..5c0f758 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/RouteInfo.java
@@ -110,6 +110,8 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public RouteInfo(IpPrefix destination, InetAddress gateway, String iface, int type) {
         switch (type) {
             case RTN_UNICAST:
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java b/core/java/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97d50f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/android/net/SocketKeepalive.java
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net;
+
+import android.annotation.IntDef;
+import android.annotation.IntRange;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.HandlerThread;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
+import android.os.Messenger;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+
+/**
+ * Allows applications to request that the system periodically send specific packets on their
+ * behalf, using hardware offload to save battery power.
+ *
+ * To request that the system send keepalives, call one of the methods that return a
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive} object, such as {@link ConnectivityManager#createSocketKeepalive},
+ * passing in a non-null callback. If the {@link SocketKeepalive} is successfully
+ * started, the callback's {@code onStarted} method will be called. If an error occurs,
+ * {@code onError} will be called, specifying one of the {@code ERROR_*} constants in this
+ * class.
+ *
+ * To stop an existing keepalive, call {@link SocketKeepalive#stop}. The system will call
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback#onStopped} if the operation was successful or
+ * {@link SocketKeepalive.Callback#onError} if an error occurred.
+ */
+public abstract class SocketKeepalive implements AutoCloseable {
+    static final String TAG = "SocketKeepalive";
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int SUCCESS = 0;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int NO_KEEPALIVE = -1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int DATA_RECEIVED = -2;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final int BINDER_DIED = -10;
+
+    /** The specified {@code Network} is not connected. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK = -20;
+    /** The specified IP addresses are invalid. For example, the specified source IP address is
+     * not configured on the specified {@code Network}. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS = -21;
+    /** The requested port is invalid. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_PORT = -22;
+    /** The packet length is invalid (e.g., too long). */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH = -23;
+    /** The packet transmission interval is invalid (e.g., too short). */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL = -24;
+    /** The target socket is invalid. */
+    public static final int ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET = -25;
+    /** The target socket is not idle. */
+    public static final int ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE = -26;
+
+    /** The hardware does not support this request. */
+    public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED = -30;
+    /** The hardware returned an error. */
+    public static final int ERROR_HARDWARE_ERROR = -31;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = { "ERROR_" }, value = {
+            ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK,
+            ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS,
+            ERROR_INVALID_PORT,
+            ERROR_INVALID_LENGTH,
+            ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL,
+            ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET,
+            ERROR_SOCKET_NOT_IDLE
+    })
+    public @interface ErrorCode {}
+
+    /**
+     * The minimum interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    public static final int MIN_INTERVAL_SEC = 10;
+
+    /**
+     * The maximum interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     **/
+    public static final int MAX_INTERVAL_SEC = 3600;
+
+    @NonNull final IConnectivityManager mService;
+    @NonNull final Network mNetwork;
+    @NonNull private final Executor mExecutor;
+    @NonNull private final SocketKeepalive.Callback mCallback;
+    @NonNull private final Looper mLooper;
+    @NonNull final Messenger mMessenger;
+    @NonNull Integer mSlot;
+
+    SocketKeepalive(@NonNull IConnectivityManager service, @NonNull Network network,
+            @NonNull Executor executor, @NonNull Callback callback) {
+        mService = service;
+        mNetwork = network;
+        mExecutor = executor;
+        mCallback = callback;
+        // TODO: 1. Use other thread modeling instead of create one thread for every instance to
+        //          reduce the memory cost.
+        //       2. support restart.
+        //       3. Fix race condition which caused by rapidly start and stop.
+        HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread(TAG, Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND
+                + Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_LESS_FAVORABLE);
+        thread.start();
+        mLooper = thread.getLooper();
+        mMessenger = new Messenger(new Handler(mLooper) {
+            @Override
+            public void handleMessage(Message message) {
+                switch (message.what) {
+                    case NetworkAgent.EVENT_PACKET_KEEPALIVE:
+                        final int status = message.arg2;
+                        try {
+                            if (status == SUCCESS) {
+                                if (mSlot == null) {
+                                    mSlot = message.arg1;
+                                    mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onStarted());
+                                } else {
+                                    mSlot = null;
+                                    stopLooper();
+                                    mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onStopped());
+                                }
+                            } else if (status == DATA_RECEIVED) {
+                                stopLooper();
+                                mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onDataReceived());
+                            } else {
+                                stopLooper();
+                                mExecutor.execute(() -> mCallback.onError(status));
+                            }
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            Log.e(TAG, "Exception in keepalive callback(" + status + ")", e);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Unhandled message " + Integer.toHexString(message.what));
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Request that keepalive be started with the given {@code intervalSec}. See
+     * {@link SocketKeepalive}.
+     *
+     * @param intervalSec The target interval in seconds between keepalive packet transmissions.
+     *                    The interval should be between 10 seconds and 3600 seconds, otherwise
+     *                    {@link #ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL} will be returned.
+     */
+    public final void start(@IntRange(from = MIN_INTERVAL_SEC, to = MAX_INTERVAL_SEC)
+            int intervalSec) {
+        startImpl(intervalSec);
+    }
+
+    abstract void startImpl(int intervalSec);
+
+    /** @hide */
+    protected void stopLooper() {
+        // TODO: remove this after changing thread modeling.
+        mLooper.quit();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Requests that keepalive be stopped. The application must wait for {@link Callback#onStopped}
+     * before using the object. See {@link SocketKeepalive}.
+     */
+    public final void stop() {
+        stopImpl();
+    }
+
+    abstract void stopImpl();
+
+    /**
+     * Deactivate this {@link SocketKeepalive} and free allocated resources. The instance won't be
+     * usable again if {@code close()} is called.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public final void close() {
+        stop();
+        stopLooper();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The callback which app can use to learn the status changes of {@link SocketKeepalive}. See
+     * {@link SocketKeepalive}.
+     */
+    public static class Callback {
+        /** The requested keepalive was successfully started. */
+        public void onStarted() {}
+        /** The keepalive was successfully stopped. */
+        public void onStopped() {}
+        /** An error occurred. */
+        public void onError(@ErrorCode int error) {}
+        /** The keepalive on a TCP socket was stopped because the socket received data. */
+        public void onDataReceived() {}
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLog.java b/core/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLog.java
index 16aea31b..5b5a235 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLog.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/metrics/IpConnectivityLog.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
-import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.net.ConnectivityMetricsEvent;
 import android.net.IIpConnectivityMetrics;
 import android.net.Network;
@@ -51,7 +50,8 @@
     public interface Event extends Parcelable {}
 
     /** @hide */
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage
+    @SystemApi
+    @TestApi
     public IpConnectivityLog() {
     }
 
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/metrics/RaEvent.java b/core/java/android/net/metrics/RaEvent.java
index d308246..04a2e6e 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/metrics/RaEvent.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/metrics/RaEvent.java
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 
 package android.net.metrics;
 
-import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
+import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
@@ -24,19 +25,28 @@
  * An event logged when the APF packet socket receives an RA packet.
  * {@hide}
  */
+@SystemApi
+@TestApi
 public final class RaEvent implements IpConnectivityLog.Event {
 
-    public static final long NO_LIFETIME = -1L;
+    private static final long NO_LIFETIME = -1L;
 
     // Lifetime in seconds of options found in a single RA packet.
     // When an option is not set, the value of the associated field is -1;
+    /** @hide */
     public final long routerLifetime;
+    /** @hide */
     public final long prefixValidLifetime;
+    /** @hide */
     public final long prefixPreferredLifetime;
+    /** @hide */
     public final long routeInfoLifetime;
+    /** @hide */
     public final long rdnssLifetime;
+    /** @hide */
     public final long dnsslLifetime;
 
+    /** @hide */
     public RaEvent(long routerLifetime, long prefixValidLifetime, long prefixPreferredLifetime,
             long routeInfoLifetime, long rdnssLifetime, long dnsslLifetime) {
         this.routerLifetime = routerLifetime;
@@ -47,6 +57,7 @@
         this.dnsslLifetime = dnsslLifetime;
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
     private RaEvent(Parcel in) {
         routerLifetime          = in.readLong();
         prefixValidLifetime     = in.readLong();
@@ -56,6 +67,7 @@
         dnsslLifetime           = in.readLong();
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
     @Override
     public void writeToParcel(Parcel out, int flags) {
         out.writeLong(routerLifetime);
@@ -66,6 +78,7 @@
         out.writeLong(dnsslLifetime);
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
     @Override
     public int describeContents() {
         return 0;
@@ -83,6 +96,7 @@
                 .toString();
     }
 
+    /** @hide */
     public static final Parcelable.Creator<RaEvent> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<RaEvent>() {
         public RaEvent createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
             return new RaEvent(in);
@@ -102,47 +116,39 @@
         long rdnssLifetime           = NO_LIFETIME;
         long dnsslLifetime           = NO_LIFETIME;
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder() {
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public RaEvent build() {
             return new RaEvent(routerLifetime, prefixValidLifetime, prefixPreferredLifetime,
                     routeInfoLifetime, rdnssLifetime, dnsslLifetime);
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder updateRouterLifetime(long lifetime) {
             routerLifetime = updateLifetime(routerLifetime, lifetime);
             return this;
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder updatePrefixValidLifetime(long lifetime) {
             prefixValidLifetime = updateLifetime(prefixValidLifetime, lifetime);
             return this;
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder updatePrefixPreferredLifetime(long lifetime) {
             prefixPreferredLifetime = updateLifetime(prefixPreferredLifetime, lifetime);
             return this;
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder updateRouteInfoLifetime(long lifetime) {
             routeInfoLifetime = updateLifetime(routeInfoLifetime, lifetime);
             return this;
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder updateRdnssLifetime(long lifetime) {
             rdnssLifetime = updateLifetime(rdnssLifetime, lifetime);
             return this;
         }
 
-        @UnsupportedAppUsage
         public Builder updateDnsslLifetime(long lifetime) {
             dnsslLifetime = updateLifetime(dnsslLifetime, lifetime);
             return this;
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/Process.java b/core/java/android/os/Process.java
index 8254c53..c7afd41 100644
--- a/core/java/android/os/Process.java
+++ b/core/java/android/os/Process.java
@@ -30,16 +30,6 @@
     private static final String LOG_TAG = "Process";
 
     /**
-     * @hide for internal use only.
-     */
-    public static final String ZYGOTE_SOCKET = "zygote";
-
-    /**
-     * @hide for internal use only.
-     */
-    public static final String SECONDARY_ZYGOTE_SOCKET = "zygote_secondary";
-
-    /**
      * An invalid UID value.
      */
     public static final int INVALID_UID = -1;
@@ -454,8 +444,7 @@
      * State associated with the zygote process.
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final ZygoteProcess zygoteProcess =
-            new ZygoteProcess(ZYGOTE_SOCKET, SECONDARY_ZYGOTE_SOCKET);
+    public static final ZygoteProcess ZYGOTE_PROCESS = new ZygoteProcess();
 
     /**
      * Start a new process.
@@ -507,7 +496,7 @@
                                   String appDataDir,
                                   String invokeWith,
                                   String[] zygoteArgs) {
-        return zygoteProcess.start(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
+        return ZYGOTE_PROCESS.start(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                     runtimeFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
                     abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith, zygoteArgs);
     }
diff --git a/core/java/android/os/ZygoteProcess.java b/core/java/android/os/ZygoteProcess.java
index 021e72f..f0bdaec 100644
--- a/core/java/android/os/ZygoteProcess.java
+++ b/core/java/android/os/ZygoteProcess.java
@@ -58,87 +58,119 @@
  * {@hide}
  */
 public class ZygoteProcess {
+
+    /**
+     * @hide for internal use only.
+     */
+    public static final String ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME = "zygote";
+
+    /**
+     * @hide for internal use only.
+     */
+    public static final String ZYGOTE_SECONDARY_SOCKET_NAME = "zygote_secondary";
+
+    /**
+     * @hide for internal use only
+     */
     private static final String LOG_TAG = "ZygoteProcess";
 
     /**
      * The name of the socket used to communicate with the primary zygote.
      */
-    private final LocalSocketAddress mSocket;
+    private final LocalSocketAddress mZygoteSocketAddress;
 
     /**
      * The name of the secondary (alternate ABI) zygote socket.
      */
-    private final LocalSocketAddress mSecondarySocket;
+    private final LocalSocketAddress mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress;
 
-    public ZygoteProcess(String primarySocket, String secondarySocket) {
-        this(new LocalSocketAddress(primarySocket, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED),
-                new LocalSocketAddress(secondarySocket, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED));
+    public ZygoteProcess() {
+        mZygoteSocketAddress =
+                new LocalSocketAddress(ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
+        mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress =
+                new LocalSocketAddress(ZYGOTE_SECONDARY_SOCKET_NAME,
+                                       LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
     }
 
-    public ZygoteProcess(LocalSocketAddress primarySocket, LocalSocketAddress secondarySocket) {
-        mSocket = primarySocket;
-        mSecondarySocket = secondarySocket;
+    public ZygoteProcess(LocalSocketAddress primarySocketAddress,
+                         LocalSocketAddress secondarySocketAddress) {
+        mZygoteSocketAddress = primarySocketAddress;
+        mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress = secondarySocketAddress;
     }
 
     public LocalSocketAddress getPrimarySocketAddress() {
-        return mSocket;
+        return mZygoteSocketAddress;
     }
 
     /**
      * State for communicating with the zygote process.
      */
     public static class ZygoteState {
-        final LocalSocket socket;
-        final DataInputStream inputStream;
-        final BufferedWriter writer;
-        final List<String> abiList;
+        final LocalSocketAddress mZygoteSocketAddress;
 
-        boolean mClosed;
+        private final LocalSocket mZygoteSessionSocket;
 
-        private ZygoteState(LocalSocket socket, DataInputStream inputStream,
-                BufferedWriter writer, List<String> abiList) {
-            this.socket = socket;
-            this.inputStream = inputStream;
-            this.writer = writer;
-            this.abiList = abiList;
+        final DataInputStream mZygoteInputStream;
+        final BufferedWriter mZygoteOutputWriter;
+
+        private final List<String> mABIList;
+
+        private boolean mClosed;
+
+        private ZygoteState(LocalSocketAddress zygoteSocketAddress,
+                            LocalSocket zygoteSessionSocket,
+                            DataInputStream zygoteInputStream,
+                            BufferedWriter zygoteOutputWriter,
+                            List<String> abiList) {
+            this.mZygoteSocketAddress = zygoteSocketAddress;
+            this.mZygoteSessionSocket = zygoteSessionSocket;
+            this.mZygoteInputStream = zygoteInputStream;
+            this.mZygoteOutputWriter = zygoteOutputWriter;
+            this.mABIList = abiList;
         }
 
-        public static ZygoteState connect(LocalSocketAddress address) throws IOException {
+        /**
+         * Create a new ZygoteState object by connecting to the given Zygote socket.
+         *
+         * @param zygoteSocketAddress  Zygote socket to connect to
+         * @return  A new ZygoteState object containing a session socket for the given Zygote socket
+         * address
+         * @throws IOException
+         */
+        public static ZygoteState connect(LocalSocketAddress zygoteSocketAddress)
+                throws IOException {
+
             DataInputStream zygoteInputStream = null;
-            BufferedWriter zygoteWriter = null;
-            final LocalSocket zygoteSocket = new LocalSocket();
+            BufferedWriter zygoteOutputWriter = null;
+            final LocalSocket zygoteSessionSocket = new LocalSocket();
 
             try {
-                zygoteSocket.connect(address);
-
-                zygoteInputStream = new DataInputStream(zygoteSocket.getInputStream());
-
-                zygoteWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
-                        zygoteSocket.getOutputStream()), 256);
+                zygoteSessionSocket.connect(zygoteSocketAddress);
+                zygoteInputStream = new DataInputStream(zygoteSessionSocket.getInputStream());
+                zygoteOutputWriter =
+                        new BufferedWriter(
+                                new OutputStreamWriter(zygoteSessionSocket.getOutputStream()),
+                                256);
             } catch (IOException ex) {
                 try {
-                    zygoteSocket.close();
-                } catch (IOException ignore) {
-                }
+                    zygoteSessionSocket.close();
+                } catch (IOException ignore) { }
 
                 throw ex;
             }
 
-            String abiListString = getAbiList(zygoteWriter, zygoteInputStream);
-            Log.i("Zygote", "Process: zygote socket " + address.getNamespace() + "/"
-                    + address.getName() + " opened, supported ABIS: " + abiListString);
-
-            return new ZygoteState(zygoteSocket, zygoteInputStream, zygoteWriter,
-                    Arrays.asList(abiListString.split(",")));
+            return new ZygoteState(zygoteSocketAddress,
+                                   zygoteSessionSocket, zygoteInputStream, zygoteOutputWriter,
+                                   getAbiList(zygoteOutputWriter, zygoteInputStream));
         }
 
         boolean matches(String abi) {
-            return abiList.contains(abi);
+            return mABIList.contains(abi);
         }
 
         public void close() {
             try {
-                socket.close();
+                mZygoteSessionSocket.close();
             } catch (IOException ex) {
                 Log.e(LOG_TAG,"I/O exception on routine close", ex);
             }
@@ -231,8 +263,8 @@
         try {
             return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                     runtimeFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
-                    abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith, false /* startChildZygote */,
-                    zygoteArgs);
+                    abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, invokeWith,
+                    /*startChildZygote=*/false, zygoteArgs);
         } catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
             Log.e(LOG_TAG,
                     "Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
@@ -250,7 +282,7 @@
      * @throws ZygoteStartFailedEx if the query failed.
      */
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
-    private static String getAbiList(BufferedWriter writer, DataInputStream inputStream)
+    private static List<String> getAbiList(BufferedWriter writer, DataInputStream inputStream)
             throws IOException {
         // Each query starts with the argument count (1 in this case)
         writer.write("1");
@@ -266,7 +298,9 @@
         byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
         inputStream.readFully(bytes);
 
-        return new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+        String rawList = new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
+
+        return Arrays.asList(rawList.split(","));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -300,8 +334,8 @@
              * the child or -1 on failure, followed by boolean to
              * indicate whether a wrapper process was used.
              */
-            final BufferedWriter writer = zygoteState.writer;
-            final DataInputStream inputStream = zygoteState.inputStream;
+            final BufferedWriter writer = zygoteState.mZygoteOutputWriter;
+            final DataInputStream inputStream = zygoteState.mZygoteInputStream;
 
             writer.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
             writer.newLine();
@@ -475,18 +509,18 @@
                 ZygoteState state = openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi);
 
                 // Each query starts with the argument count (1 in this case)
-                state.writer.write("1");
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("1");
                 // ... followed by a new-line.
-                state.writer.newLine();
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
                 // ... followed by our only argument.
-                state.writer.write("--get-pid");
-                state.writer.newLine();
-                state.writer.flush();
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("--get-pid");
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.flush();
 
                 // The response is a length prefixed stream of ASCII bytes.
-                int numBytes = state.inputStream.readInt();
+                int numBytes = state.mZygoteInputStream.readInt();
                 byte[] bytes = new byte[numBytes];
-                state.inputStream.readFully(bytes);
+                state.mZygoteInputStream.readFully(bytes);
 
                 return Integer.parseInt(new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
             }
@@ -540,16 +574,16 @@
             return true;
         }
         try {
-            state.writer.write(Integer.toString(mApiBlacklistExemptions.size() + 1));
-            state.writer.newLine();
-            state.writer.write("--set-api-blacklist-exemptions");
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(Integer.toString(mApiBlacklistExemptions.size() + 1));
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("--set-api-blacklist-exemptions");
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
             for (int i = 0; i < mApiBlacklistExemptions.size(); ++i) {
-                state.writer.write(mApiBlacklistExemptions.get(i));
-                state.writer.newLine();
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(mApiBlacklistExemptions.get(i));
+                state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
             }
-            state.writer.flush();
-            int status = state.inputStream.readInt();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.flush();
+            int status = state.mZygoteInputStream.readInt();
             if (status != 0) {
                 Slog.e(LOG_TAG, "Failed to set API blacklist exemptions; status " + status);
             }
@@ -569,13 +603,13 @@
             return;
         }
         try {
-            state.writer.write(Integer.toString(1));
-            state.writer.newLine();
-            state.writer.write("--hidden-api-log-sampling-rate="
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(Integer.toString(1));
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("--hidden-api-log-sampling-rate="
                     + Integer.toString(mHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate));
-            state.writer.newLine();
-            state.writer.flush();
-            int status = state.inputStream.readInt();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.flush();
+            int status = state.mZygoteInputStream.readInt();
             if (status != 0) {
                 Slog.e(LOG_TAG, "Failed to set hidden API log sampling rate; status " + status);
             }
@@ -585,22 +619,29 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Tries to open socket to Zygote process if not already open. If
-     * already open, does nothing.  May block and retry.  Requires that mLock be held.
+     * Tries to open a session socket to a Zygote process with a compatible ABI if one is not
+     * already open. If a compatible session socket is already open that session socket is returned.
+     * This function may block and may have to try connecting to multiple Zygotes to find the
+     * appropriate one.  Requires that mLock be held.
      */
     @GuardedBy("mLock")
-    private ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
+    private ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi)
+            throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
+
         Preconditions.checkState(Thread.holdsLock(mLock), "ZygoteProcess lock not held");
 
         if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
             try {
-                primaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(mSocket);
+                primaryZygoteState =
+                    ZygoteState.connect(mZygoteSocketAddress);
             } catch (IOException ioe) {
                 throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to primary zygote", ioe);
             }
+
             maybeSetApiBlacklistExemptions(primaryZygoteState, false);
             maybeSetHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(primaryZygoteState);
         }
+
         if (primaryZygoteState.matches(abi)) {
             return primaryZygoteState;
         }
@@ -608,10 +649,12 @@
         // The primary zygote didn't match. Try the secondary.
         if (secondaryZygoteState == null || secondaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
             try {
-                secondaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(mSecondarySocket);
+                secondaryZygoteState =
+                    ZygoteState.connect(mZygoteSecondarySocketAddress);
             } catch (IOException ioe) {
                 throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to secondary zygote", ioe);
             }
+
             maybeSetApiBlacklistExemptions(secondaryZygoteState, false);
             maybeSetHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(secondaryZygoteState);
         }
@@ -632,27 +675,27 @@
                                                                             IOException {
         synchronized(mLock) {
             ZygoteState state = openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi);
-            state.writer.write("5");
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("5");
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
 
-            state.writer.write("--preload-package");
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("--preload-package");
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
 
-            state.writer.write(packagePath);
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(packagePath);
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
 
-            state.writer.write(libsPath);
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(libsPath);
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
 
-            state.writer.write(libFileName);
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(libFileName);
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
 
-            state.writer.write(cacheKey);
-            state.writer.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write(cacheKey);
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
 
-            state.writer.flush();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.flush();
 
-            return (state.inputStream.readInt() == 0);
+            return (state.mZygoteInputStream.readInt() == 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -666,13 +709,13 @@
         synchronized (mLock) {
             ZygoteState state = openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi);
             // Each query starts with the argument count (1 in this case)
-            state.writer.write("1");
-            state.writer.newLine();
-            state.writer.write("--preload-default");
-            state.writer.newLine();
-            state.writer.flush();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("1");
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.write("--preload-default");
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.newLine();
+            state.mZygoteOutputWriter.flush();
 
-            return (state.inputStream.readInt() == 0);
+            return (state.mZygoteInputStream.readInt() == 0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -680,20 +723,21 @@
      * Try connecting to the Zygote over and over again until we hit a time-out.
      * @param socketName The name of the socket to connect to.
      */
-    public static void waitForConnectionToZygote(String socketName) {
-        final LocalSocketAddress address =
-                new LocalSocketAddress(socketName, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
-        waitForConnectionToZygote(address);
+    public static void waitForConnectionToZygote(String zygoteSocketName) {
+        final LocalSocketAddress zygoteSocketAddress =
+                new LocalSocketAddress(zygoteSocketName, LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED);
+        waitForConnectionToZygote(zygoteSocketAddress);
     }
 
     /**
      * Try connecting to the Zygote over and over again until we hit a time-out.
      * @param address The name of the socket to connect to.
      */
-    public static void waitForConnectionToZygote(LocalSocketAddress address) {
+    public static void waitForConnectionToZygote(LocalSocketAddress zygoteSocketAddress) {
         for (int n = 20; n >= 0; n--) {
             try {
-                final ZygoteState zs = ZygoteState.connect(address);
+                final ZygoteState zs =
+                        ZygoteState.connect(zygoteSocketAddress);
                 zs.close();
                 return;
             } catch (IOException ioe) {
@@ -706,7 +750,8 @@
             } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
             }
         }
-        Slog.wtf(LOG_TAG, "Failed to connect to Zygote through socket " + address.getName());
+        Slog.wtf(LOG_TAG, "Failed to connect to Zygote through socket "
+                + zygoteSocketAddress.getName());
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/core/java/android/webkit/WebViewZygote.java b/core/java/android/webkit/WebViewZygote.java
index 49e11b8..383530d 100644
--- a/core/java/android/webkit/WebViewZygote.java
+++ b/core/java/android/webkit/WebViewZygote.java
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
         }
 
         try {
-            sZygote = Process.zygoteProcess.startChildZygote(
+            sZygote = Process.ZYGOTE_PROCESS.startChildZygote(
                     "com.android.internal.os.WebViewZygoteInit",
                     "webview_zygote",
                     Process.WEBVIEW_ZYGOTE_UID,
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/WebViewZygoteInit.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/WebViewZygoteInit.java
index 9f2434e..955fef0 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/WebViewZygoteInit.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/WebViewZygoteInit.java
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 
 import android.app.ApplicationLoaders;
 import android.net.LocalSocket;
-import android.net.LocalServerSocket;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
index 8b3829b3..382542a 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/Zygote.java
@@ -16,13 +16,23 @@
 
 package com.android.internal.os;
 
+import static com.android.internal.os.ZygoteConnectionConstants.MAX_ZYGOTE_ARGC;
+
+import android.net.Credentials;
+import android.os.FactoryTest;
 import android.os.IVold;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.os.Trace;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import dalvik.system.ZygoteHooks;
 
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
+import java.io.IOException;
+
 /** @hide */
 public final class Zygote {
     /*
@@ -91,10 +101,13 @@
      */
     public static final String CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG = "--zygote-socket=";
 
+    /** a prototype instance for a future List.toArray() */
+    protected static final int[][] INT_ARRAY_2D = new int[0][0];
+
     private Zygote() {}
 
     /** Called for some security initialization before any fork. */
-    native static void nativeSecurityInit();
+    static native void nativeSecurityInit();
 
     /**
      * Forks a new VM instance.  The current VM must have been started
@@ -131,14 +144,14 @@
      * if this is the parent, or -1 on error.
      */
     public static int forkAndSpecialize(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
-          int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName, int[] fdsToClose,
-          int[] fdsToIgnore, boolean startChildZygote, String instructionSet, String appDataDir) {
+            int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName, int[] fdsToClose,
+            int[] fdsToIgnore, boolean startChildZygote, String instructionSet, String appDataDir) {
         VM_HOOKS.preFork();
         // Resets nice priority for zygote process.
         resetNicePriority();
         int pid = nativeForkAndSpecialize(
-                  uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits, mountExternal, seInfo, niceName, fdsToClose,
-                  fdsToIgnore, startChildZygote, instructionSet, appDataDir);
+                uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits, mountExternal, seInfo, niceName, fdsToClose,
+                fdsToIgnore, startChildZygote, instructionSet, appDataDir);
         // Enable tracing as soon as possible for the child process.
         if (pid == 0) {
             Trace.setTracingEnabled(true, runtimeFlags);
@@ -150,14 +163,19 @@
         return pid;
     }
 
-    native private static int nativeForkAndSpecialize(int uid, int gid, int[] gids,int runtimeFlags,
-          int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName, int[] fdsToClose,
-          int[] fdsToIgnore, boolean startChildZygote, String instructionSet, String appDataDir);
+    private static native int nativeForkAndSpecialize(int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
+            int runtimeFlags, int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName,
+            int[] fdsToClose, int[] fdsToIgnore, boolean startChildZygote, String instructionSet,
+            String appDataDir);
+
+    private static native void nativeSpecializeBlastula(int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
+            int runtimeFlags, int[][] rlimits, int mountExternal, String seInfo, String niceName,
+            boolean startChildZygote, String instructionSet, String appDataDir);
 
     /**
      * Called to do any initialization before starting an application.
      */
-    native static void nativePreApplicationInit();
+    static native void nativePreApplicationInit();
 
     /**
      * Special method to start the system server process. In addition to the
@@ -188,7 +206,8 @@
         // Resets nice priority for zygote process.
         resetNicePriority();
         int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
-                uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
+                uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits,
+                permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
         // Enable tracing as soon as we enter the system_server.
         if (pid == 0) {
             Trace.setTracingEnabled(true, runtimeFlags);
@@ -197,19 +216,175 @@
         return pid;
     }
 
-    native private static int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
+    private static native int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int runtimeFlags,
             int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities);
 
     /**
      * Lets children of the zygote inherit open file descriptors to this path.
      */
-    native protected static void nativeAllowFileAcrossFork(String path);
+    protected static native void nativeAllowFileAcrossFork(String path);
 
     /**
      * Zygote unmount storage space on initializing.
      * This method is called once.
      */
-    native protected static void nativeUnmountStorageOnInit();
+    protected static native void nativeUnmountStorageOnInit();
+
+    protected static native void nativeGetSocketFDs(boolean isPrimary);
+
+    private static native int nativeGetBlastulaPoolCount();
+
+    private static native int nativeGetBlastulaPoolEventFD();
+
+    private static native int nativeForkBlastula(int readPipeFD,
+                                                 int writePipeFD,
+                                                 int[] sessionSocketRawFDs);
+
+    private static native int[] nativeGetBlastulaPipeFDs();
+
+    private static native boolean nativeRemoveBlastulaTableEntry(int blastulaPID);
+
+    /**
+     * uid 1000 (Process.SYSTEM_UID) may specify any uid &gt; 1000 in normal
+     * operation. It may also specify any gid and setgroups() list it chooses.
+     * In factory test mode, it may specify any UID.
+     *
+     * @param args non-null; zygote spawner arguments
+     * @param peer non-null; peer credentials
+     * @throws ZygoteSecurityException
+     */
+    protected static void applyUidSecurityPolicy(ZygoteArguments args, Credentials peer)
+            throws ZygoteSecurityException {
+
+        if (peer.getUid() == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            /* In normal operation, SYSTEM_UID can only specify a restricted
+             * set of UIDs. In factory test mode, SYSTEM_UID may specify any uid.
+             */
+            boolean uidRestricted = FactoryTest.getMode() == FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF;
+
+            if (uidRestricted && args.mUidSpecified && (args.mUid < Process.SYSTEM_UID)) {
+                throw new ZygoteSecurityException(
+                    "System UID may not launch process with UID < "
+                        + Process.SYSTEM_UID);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If not otherwise specified, uid and gid are inherited from peer
+        if (!args.mUidSpecified) {
+            args.mUid = peer.getUid();
+            args.mUidSpecified = true;
+        }
+        if (!args.mGidSpecified) {
+            args.mGid = peer.getGid();
+            args.mGidSpecified = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies debugger system properties to the zygote arguments.
+     *
+     * If "ro.debuggable" is "1", all apps are debuggable. Otherwise,
+     * the debugger state is specified via the "--enable-jdwp" flag
+     * in the spawn request.
+     *
+     * @param args non-null; zygote spawner args
+     */
+    protected static void applyDebuggerSystemProperty(ZygoteArguments args) {
+        if (RoSystemProperties.DEBUGGABLE) {
+            args.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JDWP;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies zygote security policy.
+     * Based on the credentials of the process issuing a zygote command:
+     * <ol>
+     * <li> uid 0 (root) may specify --invoke-with to launch Zygote with a
+     * wrapper command.
+     * <li> Any other uid may not specify any invoke-with argument.
+     * </ul>
+     *
+     * @param args non-null; zygote spawner arguments
+     * @param peer non-null; peer credentials
+     * @throws ZygoteSecurityException
+     */
+    protected static void applyInvokeWithSecurityPolicy(ZygoteArguments args, Credentials peer)
+            throws ZygoteSecurityException {
+        int peerUid = peer.getUid();
+
+        if (args.mInvokeWith != null && peerUid != 0
+                && (args.mRuntimeFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JDWP) == 0) {
+            throw new ZygoteSecurityException("Peer is permitted to specify an"
+                + "explicit invoke-with wrapper command only for debuggable"
+                + "applications.");
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Applies invoke-with system properties to the zygote arguments.
+     *
+     * @param args non-null; zygote args
+     */
+    protected static void applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(ZygoteArguments args) {
+        if (args.mInvokeWith == null && args.mNiceName != null) {
+            String property = "wrap." + args.mNiceName;
+            args.mInvokeWith = SystemProperties.get(property);
+            if (args.mInvokeWith != null && args.mInvokeWith.length() == 0) {
+                args.mInvokeWith = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads an argument list from the provided socket
+     * @return Argument list or null if EOF is reached
+     * @throws IOException passed straight through
+     */
+    static String[] readArgumentList(BufferedReader socketReader) throws IOException {
+
+        /**
+         * See android.os.Process.zygoteSendArgsAndGetPid()
+         * Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
+         * a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
+         * b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
+         *
+         * After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
+         * the child or -1 on failure.
+         */
+
+        int argc;
+
+        try {
+            String argc_string = socketReader.readLine();
+
+            if (argc_string == null) {
+                // EOF reached.
+                return null;
+            }
+            argc = Integer.parseInt(argc_string);
+
+        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
+            Log.e("Zygote", "Invalid Zygote wire format: non-int at argc");
+            throw new IOException("Invalid wire format");
+        }
+
+        // See bug 1092107: large argc can be used for a DOS attack
+        if (argc > MAX_ZYGOTE_ARGC) {
+            throw new IOException("Max arg count exceeded");
+        }
+
+        String[] args = new String[argc];
+        for (int arg_index = 0; arg_index < argc; arg_index++) {
+            args[arg_index] = socketReader.readLine();
+            if (args[arg_index] == null) {
+                // We got an unexpected EOF.
+                throw new IOException("Truncated request");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return args;
+    }
+
 
     private static void callPostForkSystemServerHooks() {
         // SystemServer specific post fork hooks run before child post fork hooks.
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteArguments.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteArguments.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e869ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteArguments.java
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.internal.os;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+
+/**
+ * Handles argument parsing for args related to the zygote spawner.
+ *
+ * Current recognized args:
+ * <ul>
+ * <li> --setuid=<i>uid of child process, defaults to 0</i>
+ * <li> --setgid=<i>gid of child process, defaults to 0</i>
+ * <li> --setgroups=<i>comma-separated list of supplimentary gid's</i>
+ * <li> --capabilities=<i>a pair of comma-separated integer strings
+ * indicating Linux capabilities(2) set for child. The first string represents the
+ * <code>permitted</code> set, and the second the
+ * <code>effective</code> set. Precede each with 0 or
+ * 0x for octal or hexidecimal value. If unspecified, both default to 0. This parameter is only
+ * applied if the uid of the new process will be non-0. </i>
+ * <li> --rlimit=r,c,m<i>tuple of values for setrlimit() call.
+ * <code>r</code> is the resource, <code>c</code> and <code>m</code>
+ * are the settings for current and max value.</i>
+ * <li> --instruction-set=<i>instruction-set-string</i> which instruction set to use/emulate.
+ * <li> --nice-name=<i>nice name to appear in ps</i>
+ * <li> --runtime-args indicates that the remaining arg list should
+ * be handed off to com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit, rather than processed directly. Android
+ * runtime startup (eg, Binder initialization) is also eschewed.
+ * <li> [--] &lt;args for RuntimeInit &gt;
+ * </ul>
+ */
+class ZygoteArguments {
+
+    /**
+     * from --setuid
+     */
+    int mUid = 0;
+    boolean mUidSpecified;
+
+    /**
+     * from --setgid
+     */
+    int mGid = 0;
+    boolean mGidSpecified;
+
+    /**
+     * from --setgroups
+     */
+    int[] mGids;
+
+    /**
+     * From --runtime-flags.
+     */
+    int mRuntimeFlags;
+
+    /**
+     * From --mount-external
+     */
+    int mMountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
+
+    /**
+     * from --target-sdk-version.
+     */
+    int mTargetSdkVersion;
+    boolean mTargetSdkVersionSpecified;
+
+    /**
+     * from --nice-name
+     */
+    String mNiceName;
+
+    /**
+     * from --capabilities
+     */
+    boolean mCapabilitiesSpecified;
+    long mPermittedCapabilities;
+    long mEffectiveCapabilities;
+
+    /**
+     * from --seinfo
+     */
+    boolean mSeInfoSpecified;
+    String mSeInfo;
+
+    /**
+     * from all --rlimit=r,c,m
+     */
+    ArrayList<int[]> mRLimits;
+
+    /**
+     * from --invoke-with
+     */
+    String mInvokeWith;
+
+    /**
+     * Any args after and including the first non-option arg (or after a '--')
+     */
+    String[] mRemainingArgs;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the current arguments constitute an ABI list query.
+     */
+    boolean mAbiListQuery;
+
+    /**
+     * The instruction set to use, or null when not important.
+     */
+    String mInstructionSet;
+
+    /**
+     * The app data directory. May be null, e.g., for the system server. Note that this might not be
+     * reliable in the case of process-sharing apps.
+     */
+    String mAppDataDir;
+
+    /**
+     * The APK path of the package to preload, when using --preload-package.
+     */
+    String mPreloadPackage;
+
+    /**
+     * The native library path of the package to preload, when using --preload-package.
+     */
+    String mPreloadPackageLibs;
+
+    /**
+     * The filename of the native library to preload, when using --preload-package.
+     */
+    String mPreloadPackageLibFileName;
+
+    /**
+     * The cache key under which to enter the preloaded package into the classloader cache, when
+     * using --preload-package.
+     */
+    String mPreloadPackageCacheKey;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this is a request to start preloading the default resources and classes. This
+     * argument only makes sense when the zygote is in lazy preload mode (i.e, when it's started
+     * with --enable-lazy-preload).
+     */
+    boolean mPreloadDefault;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether this is a request to start a zygote process as a child of this zygote. Set with
+     * --start-child-zygote. The remaining arguments must include the CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG
+     * flag to indicate the abstract socket name that should be used for communication.
+     */
+    boolean mStartChildZygote;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the current arguments constitute a request for the zygote's PID.
+     */
+    boolean mPidQuery;
+
+    /**
+     * Exemptions from API blacklisting. These are sent to the pre-forked zygote at boot time, or
+     * when they change, via --set-api-blacklist-exemptions.
+     */
+    String[] mApiBlacklistExemptions;
+
+    /**
+     * Sampling rate for logging hidden API accesses to the event log. This is sent to the
+     * pre-forked zygote at boot time, or when it changes, via --hidden-api-log-sampling-rate.
+     */
+    int mHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs instance and parses args
+     *
+     * @param args zygote command-line args
+     */
+    ZygoteArguments(String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        parseArgs(args);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parses the commandline arguments intended for the Zygote spawner (such as "--setuid=" and
+     * "--setgid=") and creates an array containing the remaining args.
+     *
+     * Per security review bug #1112214, duplicate args are disallowed in critical cases to make
+     * injection harder.
+     */
+    private void parseArgs(String[] args)
+            throws IllegalArgumentException {
+        int curArg = 0;
+
+        boolean seenRuntimeArgs = false;
+
+        boolean expectRuntimeArgs = true;
+        for ( /* curArg */ ; curArg < args.length; curArg++) {
+            String arg = args[curArg];
+
+            if (arg.equals("--")) {
+                curArg++;
+                break;
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--setuid=")) {
+                if (mUidSpecified) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+                mUidSpecified = true;
+                mUid = Integer.parseInt(
+                    arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--setgid=")) {
+                if (mGidSpecified) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+                mGidSpecified = true;
+                mGid = Integer.parseInt(
+                    arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--target-sdk-version=")) {
+                if (mTargetSdkVersionSpecified) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate target-sdk-version specified");
+                }
+                mTargetSdkVersionSpecified = true;
+                mTargetSdkVersion = Integer.parseInt(
+                    arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
+            } else if (arg.equals("--runtime-args")) {
+                seenRuntimeArgs = true;
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--runtime-flags=")) {
+                mRuntimeFlags = Integer.parseInt(
+                    arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--seinfo=")) {
+                if (mSeInfoSpecified) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+                mSeInfoSpecified = true;
+                mSeInfo = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--capabilities=")) {
+                if (mCapabilitiesSpecified) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+                mCapabilitiesSpecified = true;
+                String capString = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
+
+                String[] capStrings = capString.split(",", 2);
+
+                if (capStrings.length == 1) {
+                    mEffectiveCapabilities = Long.decode(capStrings[0]);
+                    mPermittedCapabilities = mEffectiveCapabilities;
+                } else {
+                    mPermittedCapabilities = Long.decode(capStrings[0]);
+                    mEffectiveCapabilities = Long.decode(capStrings[1]);
+                }
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--rlimit=")) {
+                // Duplicate --rlimit arguments are specifically allowed.
+                String[] limitStrings = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1).split(",");
+
+                if (limitStrings.length != 3) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "--rlimit= should have 3 comma-delimited ints");
+                }
+                int[] rlimitTuple = new int[limitStrings.length];
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < limitStrings.length; i++) {
+                    rlimitTuple[i] = Integer.parseInt(limitStrings[i]);
+                }
+
+                if (mRLimits == null) {
+                    mRLimits = new ArrayList();
+                }
+
+                mRLimits.add(rlimitTuple);
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--setgroups=")) {
+                if (mGids != null) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+
+                String[] params = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1).split(",");
+
+                mGids = new int[params.length];
+
+                for (int i = params.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                    mGids[i] = Integer.parseInt(params[i]);
+                }
+            } else if (arg.equals("--invoke-with")) {
+                if (mInvokeWith != null) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+                try {
+                    mInvokeWith = args[++curArg];
+                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "--invoke-with requires argument");
+                }
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--nice-name=")) {
+                if (mNiceName != null) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Duplicate arg specified");
+                }
+                mNiceName = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
+            } else if (arg.equals("--mount-external-default")) {
+                mMountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT;
+            } else if (arg.equals("--mount-external-read")) {
+                mMountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_READ;
+            } else if (arg.equals("--mount-external-write")) {
+                mMountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_WRITE;
+            } else if (arg.equals("--query-abi-list")) {
+                mAbiListQuery = true;
+            } else if (arg.equals("--get-pid")) {
+                mPidQuery = true;
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--instruction-set=")) {
+                mInstructionSet = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--app-data-dir=")) {
+                mAppDataDir = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
+            } else if (arg.equals("--preload-package")) {
+                mPreloadPackage = args[++curArg];
+                mPreloadPackageLibs = args[++curArg];
+                mPreloadPackageLibFileName = args[++curArg];
+                mPreloadPackageCacheKey = args[++curArg];
+            } else if (arg.equals("--preload-default")) {
+                mPreloadDefault = true;
+                expectRuntimeArgs = false;
+            } else if (arg.equals("--start-child-zygote")) {
+                mStartChildZygote = true;
+            } else if (arg.equals("--set-api-blacklist-exemptions")) {
+                // consume all remaining args; this is a stand-alone command, never included
+                // with the regular fork command.
+                mApiBlacklistExemptions = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, curArg + 1, args.length);
+                curArg = args.length;
+                expectRuntimeArgs = false;
+            } else if (arg.startsWith("--hidden-api-log-sampling-rate=")) {
+                String rateStr = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
+                try {
+                    mHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate = Integer.parseInt(rateStr);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                        "Invalid log sampling rate: " + rateStr, nfe);
+                }
+                expectRuntimeArgs = false;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (mAbiListQuery || mPidQuery) {
+            if (args.length - curArg > 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected arguments after --query-abi-list.");
+            }
+        } else if (mPreloadPackage != null) {
+            if (args.length - curArg > 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Unexpected arguments after --preload-package.");
+            }
+        } else if (expectRuntimeArgs) {
+            if (!seenRuntimeArgs) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected argument : " + args[curArg]);
+            }
+
+            mRemainingArgs = new String[args.length - curArg];
+            System.arraycopy(args, curArg, mRemainingArgs, 0, mRemainingArgs.length);
+        }
+
+        if (mStartChildZygote) {
+            boolean seenChildSocketArg = false;
+            for (String arg : mRemainingArgs) {
+                if (arg.startsWith(Zygote.CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
+                    seenChildSocketArg = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!seenChildSocketArg) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException("--start-child-zygote specified "
+                        + "without " + Zygote.CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java
index 12761b9..43f114f 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteConnection.java
@@ -22,34 +22,31 @@
 import static android.system.OsConstants.STDERR_FILENO;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.STDIN_FILENO;
 import static android.system.OsConstants.STDOUT_FILENO;
+
 import static com.android.internal.os.ZygoteConnectionConstants.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
-import static com.android.internal.os.ZygoteConnectionConstants.MAX_ZYGOTE_ARGC;
 import static com.android.internal.os.ZygoteConnectionConstants.WRAPPED_PID_TIMEOUT_MILLIS;
 
 import android.net.Credentials;
 import android.net.LocalSocket;
-import android.os.FactoryTest;
 import android.os.Process;
-import android.os.SystemProperties;
 import android.os.Trace;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
 import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.StructPollfd;
 import android.util.Log;
+
 import dalvik.system.VMRuntime;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
 import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.DataInputStream;
 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
-import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
-
-import libcore.io.IoUtils;
 
 /**
  * A connection that can make spawn requests.
@@ -57,9 +54,6 @@
 class ZygoteConnection {
     private static final String TAG = "Zygote";
 
-    /** a prototype instance for a future List.toArray() */
-    private static final int[][] intArray2d = new int[0][0];
-
     /**
      * The command socket.
      *
@@ -108,7 +102,7 @@
      *
      * @return null-ok; file descriptor
      */
-    FileDescriptor getFileDesciptor() {
+    FileDescriptor getFileDescriptor() {
         return mSocket.getFileDescriptor();
     }
 
@@ -122,11 +116,13 @@
      */
     Runnable processOneCommand(ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
         String args[];
-        Arguments parsedArgs = null;
+        ZygoteArguments parsedArgs = null;
         FileDescriptor[] descriptors;
 
         try {
-            args = readArgumentList();
+            args = Zygote.readArgumentList(mSocketReader);
+
+            // TODO (chriswailes): Remove this and add an assert.
             descriptors = mSocket.getAncillaryFileDescriptors();
         } catch (IOException ex) {
             throw new IllegalStateException("IOException on command socket", ex);
@@ -143,60 +139,60 @@
         FileDescriptor childPipeFd = null;
         FileDescriptor serverPipeFd = null;
 
-        parsedArgs = new Arguments(args);
+        parsedArgs = new ZygoteArguments(args);
 
-        if (parsedArgs.abiListQuery) {
+        if (parsedArgs.mAbiListQuery) {
             handleAbiListQuery();
             return null;
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.pidQuery) {
+        if (parsedArgs.mPidQuery) {
             handlePidQuery();
             return null;
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.preloadDefault) {
+        if (parsedArgs.mPreloadDefault) {
             handlePreload();
             return null;
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.preloadPackage != null) {
-            handlePreloadPackage(parsedArgs.preloadPackage, parsedArgs.preloadPackageLibs,
-                    parsedArgs.preloadPackageLibFileName, parsedArgs.preloadPackageCacheKey);
+        if (parsedArgs.mPreloadPackage != null) {
+            handlePreloadPackage(parsedArgs.mPreloadPackage, parsedArgs.mPreloadPackageLibs,
+                    parsedArgs.mPreloadPackageLibFileName, parsedArgs.mPreloadPackageCacheKey);
             return null;
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.apiBlacklistExemptions != null) {
-            handleApiBlacklistExemptions(parsedArgs.apiBlacklistExemptions);
+        if (parsedArgs.mApiBlacklistExemptions != null) {
+            handleApiBlacklistExemptions(parsedArgs.mApiBlacklistExemptions);
             return null;
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.hiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate != -1) {
-            handleHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(parsedArgs.hiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate);
+        if (parsedArgs.mHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate != -1) {
+            handleHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(parsedArgs.mHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate);
             return null;
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities != 0 || parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities != 0) {
-            throw new ZygoteSecurityException("Client may not specify capabilities: " +
-                    "permitted=0x" + Long.toHexString(parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities) +
-                    ", effective=0x" + Long.toHexString(parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities));
+        if (parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities != 0 || parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities != 0) {
+            throw new ZygoteSecurityException("Client may not specify capabilities: "
+                    + "permitted=0x" + Long.toHexString(parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities)
+                    + ", effective=0x" + Long.toHexString(parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities));
         }
 
-        applyUidSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
-        applyInvokeWithSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
+        Zygote.applyUidSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
+        Zygote.applyInvokeWithSecurityPolicy(parsedArgs, peer);
 
-        applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
-        applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
+        Zygote.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
+        Zygote.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
 
         int[][] rlimits = null;
 
-        if (parsedArgs.rlimits != null) {
-            rlimits = parsedArgs.rlimits.toArray(intArray2d);
+        if (parsedArgs.mRLimits != null) {
+            rlimits = parsedArgs.mRLimits.toArray(Zygote.INT_ARRAY_2D);
         }
 
         int[] fdsToIgnore = null;
 
-        if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
+        if (parsedArgs.mInvokeWith != null) {
             try {
                 FileDescriptor[] pipeFds = Os.pipe2(O_CLOEXEC);
                 childPipeFd = pipeFds[1];
@@ -236,10 +232,10 @@
 
         fd = null;
 
-        pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids,
-                parsedArgs.runtimeFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mountExternal, parsedArgs.seInfo,
-                parsedArgs.niceName, fdsToClose, fdsToIgnore, parsedArgs.startChildZygote,
-                parsedArgs.instructionSet, parsedArgs.appDataDir);
+        pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid, parsedArgs.mGids,
+                parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mMountExternal, parsedArgs.mSeInfo,
+                parsedArgs.mNiceName, fdsToClose, fdsToIgnore, parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote,
+                parsedArgs.mInstructionSet, parsedArgs.mAppDataDir);
 
         try {
             if (pid == 0) {
@@ -251,7 +247,7 @@
                 serverPipeFd = null;
 
                 return handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, childPipeFd,
-                        parsedArgs.startChildZygote);
+                        parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote);
             } else {
                 // In the parent. A pid < 0 indicates a failure and will be handled in
                 // handleParentProc.
@@ -358,503 +354,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Handles argument parsing for args related to the zygote spawner.
-     *
-     * Current recognized args:
-     * <ul>
-     *   <li> --setuid=<i>uid of child process, defaults to 0</i>
-     *   <li> --setgid=<i>gid of child process, defaults to 0</i>
-     *   <li> --setgroups=<i>comma-separated list of supplimentary gid's</i>
-     *   <li> --capabilities=<i>a pair of comma-separated integer strings
-     * indicating Linux capabilities(2) set for child. The first string
-     * represents the <code>permitted</code> set, and the second the
-     * <code>effective</code> set. Precede each with 0 or
-     * 0x for octal or hexidecimal value. If unspecified, both default to 0.
-     * This parameter is only applied if the uid of the new process will
-     * be non-0. </i>
-     *   <li> --rlimit=r,c,m<i>tuple of values for setrlimit() call.
-     *    <code>r</code> is the resource, <code>c</code> and <code>m</code>
-     *    are the settings for current and max value.</i>
-     *   <li> --instruction-set=<i>instruction-set-string</i> which instruction set to use/emulate.
-     *   <li> --nice-name=<i>nice name to appear in ps</i>
-     *   <li> --runtime-args indicates that the remaining arg list should
-     * be handed off to com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit, rather than
-     * processed directly.
-     * Android runtime startup (eg, Binder initialization) is also eschewed.
-     *   <li> [--] &lt;args for RuntimeInit &gt;
-     * </ul>
-     */
-    static class Arguments {
-        /** from --setuid */
-        int uid = 0;
-        boolean uidSpecified;
-
-        /** from --setgid */
-        int gid = 0;
-        boolean gidSpecified;
-
-        /** from --setgroups */
-        int[] gids;
-
-        /**
-         * From --runtime-flags.
-         */
-        int runtimeFlags;
-
-        /** From --mount-external */
-        int mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
-
-        /** from --target-sdk-version. */
-        int targetSdkVersion;
-        boolean targetSdkVersionSpecified;
-
-        /** from --nice-name */
-        String niceName;
-
-        /** from --capabilities */
-        boolean capabilitiesSpecified;
-        long permittedCapabilities;
-        long effectiveCapabilities;
-
-        /** from --seinfo */
-        boolean seInfoSpecified;
-        String seInfo;
-
-        /** from all --rlimit=r,c,m */
-        ArrayList<int[]> rlimits;
-
-        /** from --invoke-with */
-        String invokeWith;
-
-        /**
-         * Any args after and including the first non-option arg
-         * (or after a '--')
-         */
-        String remainingArgs[];
-
-        /**
-         * Whether the current arguments constitute an ABI list query.
-         */
-        boolean abiListQuery;
-
-        /**
-         * The instruction set to use, or null when not important.
-         */
-        String instructionSet;
-
-        /**
-         * The app data directory. May be null, e.g., for the system server. Note that this might
-         * not be reliable in the case of process-sharing apps.
-         */
-        String appDataDir;
-
-        /**
-         * The APK path of the package to preload, when using --preload-package.
-         */
-        String preloadPackage;
-
-        /**
-         * The native library path of the package to preload, when using --preload-package.
-         */
-        String preloadPackageLibs;
-
-        /**
-         * The filename of the native library to preload, when using --preload-package.
-         */
-        String preloadPackageLibFileName;
-
-        /**
-         * The cache key under which to enter the preloaded package into the classloader cache,
-         * when using --preload-package.
-         */
-        String preloadPackageCacheKey;
-
-        /**
-         * Whether this is a request to start preloading the default resources and classes.
-         * This argument only makes sense when the zygote is in lazy preload mode (i.e, when
-         * it's started with --enable-lazy-preload).
-         */
-        boolean preloadDefault;
-
-        /**
-         * Whether this is a request to start a zygote process as a child of this zygote.
-         * Set with --start-child-zygote. The remaining arguments must include the
-         * CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG flag to indicate the abstract socket name that
-         * should be used for communication.
-         */
-        boolean startChildZygote;
-
-        /**
-         * Whether the current arguments constitute a request for the zygote's PID.
-         */
-        boolean pidQuery;
-
-        /**
-         * Exemptions from API blacklisting. These are sent to the pre-forked zygote at boot time,
-         * or when they change, via --set-api-blacklist-exemptions.
-         */
-        String[] apiBlacklistExemptions;
-
-        /**
-         * Sampling rate for logging hidden API accesses to the event log. This is sent to the
-         * pre-forked zygote at boot time, or when it changes, via --hidden-api-log-sampling-rate.
-         */
-        int hiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate = -1;
-
-        /**
-         * Constructs instance and parses args
-         * @param args zygote command-line args
-         * @throws IllegalArgumentException
-         */
-        Arguments(String args[]) throws IllegalArgumentException {
-            parseArgs(args);
-        }
-
-        /**
-         * Parses the commandline arguments intended for the Zygote spawner
-         * (such as "--setuid=" and "--setgid=") and creates an array
-         * containing the remaining args.
-         *
-         * Per security review bug #1112214, duplicate args are disallowed in
-         * critical cases to make injection harder.
-         */
-        private void parseArgs(String args[])
-                throws IllegalArgumentException {
-            int curArg = 0;
-
-            boolean seenRuntimeArgs = false;
-
-            boolean expectRuntimeArgs = true;
-            for ( /* curArg */ ; curArg < args.length; curArg++) {
-                String arg = args[curArg];
-
-                if (arg.equals("--")) {
-                    curArg++;
-                    break;
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--setuid=")) {
-                    if (uidSpecified) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-                    uidSpecified = true;
-                    uid = Integer.parseInt(
-                            arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--setgid=")) {
-                    if (gidSpecified) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-                    gidSpecified = true;
-                    gid = Integer.parseInt(
-                            arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--target-sdk-version=")) {
-                    if (targetSdkVersionSpecified) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate target-sdk-version specified");
-                    }
-                    targetSdkVersionSpecified = true;
-                    targetSdkVersion = Integer.parseInt(
-                            arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
-                } else if (arg.equals("--runtime-args")) {
-                    seenRuntimeArgs = true;
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--runtime-flags=")) {
-                    runtimeFlags = Integer.parseInt(
-                            arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1));
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--seinfo=")) {
-                    if (seInfoSpecified) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-                    seInfoSpecified = true;
-                    seInfo = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--capabilities=")) {
-                    if (capabilitiesSpecified) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-                    capabilitiesSpecified = true;
-                    String capString = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=')+1);
-
-                    String[] capStrings = capString.split(",", 2);
-
-                    if (capStrings.length == 1) {
-                        effectiveCapabilities = Long.decode(capStrings[0]);
-                        permittedCapabilities = effectiveCapabilities;
-                    } else {
-                        permittedCapabilities = Long.decode(capStrings[0]);
-                        effectiveCapabilities = Long.decode(capStrings[1]);
-                    }
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--rlimit=")) {
-                    // Duplicate --rlimit arguments are specifically allowed.
-                    String[] limitStrings
-                            = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=')+1).split(",");
-
-                    if (limitStrings.length != 3) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "--rlimit= should have 3 comma-delimited ints");
-                    }
-                    int[] rlimitTuple = new int[limitStrings.length];
-
-                    for(int i=0; i < limitStrings.length; i++) {
-                        rlimitTuple[i] = Integer.parseInt(limitStrings[i]);
-                    }
-
-                    if (rlimits == null) {
-                        rlimits = new ArrayList();
-                    }
-
-                    rlimits.add(rlimitTuple);
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--setgroups=")) {
-                    if (gids != null) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-
-                    String[] params
-                            = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1).split(",");
-
-                    gids = new int[params.length];
-
-                    for (int i = params.length - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
-                        gids[i] = Integer.parseInt(params[i]);
-                    }
-                } else if (arg.equals("--invoke-with")) {
-                    if (invokeWith != null) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-                    try {
-                        invokeWith = args[++curArg];
-                    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "--invoke-with requires argument");
-                    }
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--nice-name=")) {
-                    if (niceName != null) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Duplicate arg specified");
-                    }
-                    niceName = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
-                } else if (arg.equals("--mount-external-default")) {
-                    mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_DEFAULT;
-                } else if (arg.equals("--mount-external-read")) {
-                    mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_READ;
-                } else if (arg.equals("--mount-external-write")) {
-                    mountExternal = Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_WRITE;
-                } else if (arg.equals("--query-abi-list")) {
-                    abiListQuery = true;
-                } else if (arg.equals("--get-pid")) {
-                    pidQuery = true;
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--instruction-set=")) {
-                    instructionSet = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--app-data-dir=")) {
-                    appDataDir = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
-                } else if (arg.equals("--preload-package")) {
-                    preloadPackage = args[++curArg];
-                    preloadPackageLibs = args[++curArg];
-                    preloadPackageLibFileName = args[++curArg];
-                    preloadPackageCacheKey = args[++curArg];
-                } else if (arg.equals("--preload-default")) {
-                    preloadDefault = true;
-                    expectRuntimeArgs = false;
-                } else if (arg.equals("--start-child-zygote")) {
-                    startChildZygote = true;
-                } else if (arg.equals("--set-api-blacklist-exemptions")) {
-                    // consume all remaining args; this is a stand-alone command, never included
-                    // with the regular fork command.
-                    apiBlacklistExemptions = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, curArg + 1, args.length);
-                    curArg = args.length;
-                    expectRuntimeArgs = false;
-                } else if (arg.startsWith("--hidden-api-log-sampling-rate=")) {
-                    String rateStr = arg.substring(arg.indexOf('=') + 1);
-                    try {
-                        hiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate = Integer.parseInt(rateStr);
-                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
-                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                                "Invalid log sampling rate: " + rateStr, nfe);
-                    }
-                    expectRuntimeArgs = false;
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (abiListQuery || pidQuery) {
-                if (args.length - curArg > 0) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected arguments after --query-abi-list.");
-                }
-            } else if (preloadPackage != null) {
-                if (args.length - curArg > 0) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
-                            "Unexpected arguments after --preload-package.");
-                }
-            } else if (expectRuntimeArgs) {
-                if (!seenRuntimeArgs) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unexpected argument : " + args[curArg]);
-                }
-
-                remainingArgs = new String[args.length - curArg];
-                System.arraycopy(args, curArg, remainingArgs, 0, remainingArgs.length);
-            }
-
-            if (startChildZygote) {
-                boolean seenChildSocketArg = false;
-                for (String arg : remainingArgs) {
-                    if (arg.startsWith(Zygote.CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
-                        seenChildSocketArg = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-                if (!seenChildSocketArg) {
-                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("--start-child-zygote specified " +
-                            "without " + Zygote.CHILD_ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME_ARG);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Reads an argument list from the command socket/
-     * @return Argument list or null if EOF is reached
-     * @throws IOException passed straight through
-     */
-    private String[] readArgumentList()
-            throws IOException {
-
-        /**
-         * See android.os.Process.zygoteSendArgsAndGetPid()
-         * Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
-         * a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
-         * b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
-         *
-         * After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
-         * the child or -1 on failure.
-         */
-
-        int argc;
-
-        try {
-            String s = mSocketReader.readLine();
-
-            if (s == null) {
-                // EOF reached.
-                return null;
-            }
-            argc = Integer.parseInt(s);
-        } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "invalid Zygote wire format: non-int at argc");
-            throw new IOException("invalid wire format");
-        }
-
-        // See bug 1092107: large argc can be used for a DOS attack
-        if (argc > MAX_ZYGOTE_ARGC) {
-            throw new IOException("max arg count exceeded");
-        }
-
-        String[] result = new String[argc];
-        for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-            result[i] = mSocketReader.readLine();
-            if (result[i] == null) {
-                // We got an unexpected EOF.
-                throw new IOException("truncated request");
-            }
-        }
-
-        return result;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * uid 1000 (Process.SYSTEM_UID) may specify any uid &gt; 1000 in normal
-     * operation. It may also specify any gid and setgroups() list it chooses.
-     * In factory test mode, it may specify any UID.
-     *
-     * @param args non-null; zygote spawner arguments
-     * @param peer non-null; peer credentials
-     * @throws ZygoteSecurityException
-     */
-    private static void applyUidSecurityPolicy(Arguments args, Credentials peer)
-            throws ZygoteSecurityException {
-
-        if (peer.getUid() == Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
-            /* In normal operation, SYSTEM_UID can only specify a restricted
-             * set of UIDs. In factory test mode, SYSTEM_UID may specify any uid.
-             */
-            boolean uidRestricted = FactoryTest.getMode() == FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF;
-
-            if (uidRestricted && args.uidSpecified && (args.uid < Process.SYSTEM_UID)) {
-                throw new ZygoteSecurityException(
-                        "System UID may not launch process with UID < "
-                        + Process.SYSTEM_UID);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // If not otherwise specified, uid and gid are inherited from peer
-        if (!args.uidSpecified) {
-            args.uid = peer.getUid();
-            args.uidSpecified = true;
-        }
-        if (!args.gidSpecified) {
-            args.gid = peer.getGid();
-            args.gidSpecified = true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Applies debugger system properties to the zygote arguments.
-     *
-     * If "ro.debuggable" is "1", all apps are debuggable. Otherwise,
-     * the debugger state is specified via the "--enable-jdwp" flag
-     * in the spawn request.
-     *
-     * @param args non-null; zygote spawner args
-     */
-    public static void applyDebuggerSystemProperty(Arguments args) {
-        if (RoSystemProperties.DEBUGGABLE) {
-            args.runtimeFlags |= Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JDWP;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Applies zygote security policy.
-     * Based on the credentials of the process issuing a zygote command:
-     * <ol>
-     * <li> uid 0 (root) may specify --invoke-with to launch Zygote with a
-     * wrapper command.
-     * <li> Any other uid may not specify any invoke-with argument.
-     * </ul>
-     *
-     * @param args non-null; zygote spawner arguments
-     * @param peer non-null; peer credentials
-     * @throws ZygoteSecurityException
-     */
-    private static void applyInvokeWithSecurityPolicy(Arguments args, Credentials peer)
-            throws ZygoteSecurityException {
-        int peerUid = peer.getUid();
-
-        if (args.invokeWith != null && peerUid != 0 &&
-            (args.runtimeFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JDWP) == 0) {
-            throw new ZygoteSecurityException("Peer is permitted to specify an"
-                    + "explicit invoke-with wrapper command only for debuggable"
-                    + "applications.");
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Applies invoke-with system properties to the zygote arguments.
-     *
-     * @param args non-null; zygote args
-     */
-    public static void applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(Arguments args) {
-        if (args.invokeWith == null && args.niceName != null) {
-            String property = "wrap." + args.niceName;
-            args.invokeWith = SystemProperties.get(property);
-            if (args.invokeWith != null && args.invokeWith.length() == 0) {
-                args.invokeWith = null;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Handles post-fork setup of child proc, closing sockets as appropriate,
      * reopen stdio as appropriate, and ultimately throwing MethodAndArgsCaller
      * if successful or returning if failed.
@@ -864,7 +363,7 @@
      * @param pipeFd null-ok; pipe for communication back to Zygote.
      * @param isZygote whether this new child process is itself a new Zygote.
      */
-    private Runnable handleChildProc(Arguments parsedArgs, FileDescriptor[] descriptors,
+    private Runnable handleChildProc(ZygoteArguments parsedArgs, FileDescriptor[] descriptors,
             FileDescriptor pipeFd, boolean isZygote) {
         /**
          * By the time we get here, the native code has closed the two actual Zygote
@@ -887,27 +386,27 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
-            Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
+        if (parsedArgs.mNiceName != null) {
+            Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.mNiceName);
         }
 
         // End of the postFork event.
         Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
-        if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
-            WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
-                    parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
+        if (parsedArgs.mInvokeWith != null) {
+            WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.mInvokeWith,
+                    parsedArgs.mNiceName, parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
                     VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(),
-                    pipeFd, parsedArgs.remainingArgs);
+                    pipeFd, parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs);
 
             // Should not get here.
             throw new IllegalStateException("WrapperInit.execApplication unexpectedly returned");
         } else {
             if (!isZygote) {
-                return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs,
-                        null /* classLoader */);
+                return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
+                        parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
             } else {
-                return ZygoteInit.childZygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
-                        parsedArgs.remainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
+                return ZygoteInit.childZygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
+                        parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
index c2c6ae6..2f00c07 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.content.res.TypedArray;
-import android.opengl.EGL14;
 import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Environment;
 import android.os.IInstalld;
@@ -71,16 +70,16 @@
 /**
  * Startup class for the zygote process.
  *
- * Pre-initializes some classes, and then waits for commands on a UNIX domain
- * socket. Based on these commands, forks off child processes that inherit
- * the initial state of the VM.
+ * Pre-initializes some classes, and then waits for commands on a UNIX domain socket. Based on these
+ * commands, forks off child processes that inherit the initial state of the VM.
  *
- * Please see {@link ZygoteConnection.Arguments} for documentation on the
- * client protocol.
+ * Please see {@link ZygoteArguments} for documentation on the client protocol.
  *
  * @hide
  */
 public class ZygoteInit {
+
+    // TODO (chriswailes): Change this so it is set with Zygote or ZygoteSecondary as appropriate
     private static final String TAG = "Zygote";
 
     private static final String PROPERTY_DISABLE_OPENGL_PRELOADING = "ro.zygote.disable_gl_preload";
@@ -89,11 +88,15 @@
     private static final int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START = 3020;
     private static final int LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END = 3030;
 
-    /** when preloading, GC after allocating this many bytes */
+    /**
+     * when preloading, GC after allocating this many bytes
+     */
     private static final int PRELOAD_GC_THRESHOLD = 50000;
 
     private static final String ABI_LIST_ARG = "--abi-list=";
 
+    // TODO (chriswailes): Re-name this --zygote-socket-name= and then add a
+    // --blastula-socket-name parameter.
     private static final String SOCKET_NAME_ARG = "--socket-name=";
 
     /**
@@ -106,7 +109,9 @@
      */
     private static final String PRELOADED_CLASSES = "/system/etc/preloaded-classes";
 
-    /** Controls whether we should preload resources during zygote init. */
+    /**
+     * Controls whether we should preload resources during zygote init.
+     */
     public static final boolean PRELOAD_RESOURCES = true;
 
     private static final int UNPRIVILEGED_UID = 9999;
@@ -173,6 +178,7 @@
     }
 
     native private static void nativePreloadAppProcessHALs();
+
     native private static void nativePreloadOpenGL();
 
     private static void preloadOpenGL() {
@@ -191,8 +197,8 @@
     /**
      * Register AndroidKeyStoreProvider and warm up the providers that are already registered.
      *
-     * By doing it here we avoid that each app does it when requesting a service from the
-     * provider for the first time.
+     * By doing it here we avoid that each app does it when requesting a service from the provider
+     * for the first time.
      */
     private static void warmUpJcaProviders() {
         long startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
@@ -218,11 +224,10 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs Zygote process initialization. Loads and initializes
-     * commonly used classes.
+     * Performs Zygote process initialization. Loads and initializes commonly used classes.
      *
-     * Most classes only cause a few hundred bytes to be allocated, but
-     * a few will allocate a dozen Kbytes (in one case, 500+K).
+     * Most classes only cause a few hundred bytes to be allocated, but a few will allocate a dozen
+     * Kbytes (in one case, 500+K).
      */
     private static void preloadClasses() {
         final VMRuntime runtime = VMRuntime.getRuntime();
@@ -263,8 +268,8 @@
         runtime.setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
 
         try {
-            BufferedReader br
-                = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), 256);
+            BufferedReader br =
+                    new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is), 256);
 
             int count = 0;
             String line;
@@ -305,7 +310,7 @@
             }
 
             Log.i(TAG, "...preloaded " + count + " classes in "
-                    + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis()-startTime) + "ms.");
+                    + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms.");
         } catch (IOException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Error reading " + PRELOADED_CLASSES + ".", e);
         } finally {
@@ -331,11 +336,10 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Load in commonly used resources, so they can be shared across
-     * processes.
+     * Load in commonly used resources, so they can be shared across processes.
      *
-     * These tend to be a few Kbytes, but are frequently in the 20-40K
-     * range, and occasionally even larger.
+     * These tend to be a few Kbytes, but are frequently in the 20-40K range, and occasionally even
+     * larger.
      */
     private static void preloadResources() {
         final VMRuntime runtime = VMRuntime.getRuntime();
@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@
                 int N = preloadDrawables(ar);
                 ar.recycle();
                 Log.i(TAG, "...preloaded " + N + " resources in "
-                        + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis()-startTime) + "ms.");
+                        + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms.");
 
                 startTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
                 ar = mResources.obtainTypedArray(
@@ -360,7 +364,7 @@
                 N = preloadColorStateLists(ar);
                 ar.recycle();
                 Log.i(TAG, "...preloaded " + N + " resources in "
-                        + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis()-startTime) + "ms.");
+                        + (SystemClock.uptimeMillis() - startTime) + "ms.");
 
                 if (mResources.getBoolean(
                         com.android.internal.R.bool.config_freeformWindowManagement)) {
@@ -381,7 +385,7 @@
 
     private static int preloadColorStateLists(TypedArray ar) {
         int N = ar.length();
-        for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
             int id = ar.getResourceId(i, 0);
             if (false) {
                 Log.v(TAG, "Preloading resource #" + Integer.toHexString(id));
@@ -390,8 +394,8 @@
                 if (mResources.getColorStateList(id, null) == null) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                             "Unable to find preloaded color resource #0x"
-                            + Integer.toHexString(id)
-                            + " (" + ar.getString(i) + ")");
+                                    + Integer.toHexString(id)
+                                    + " (" + ar.getString(i) + ")");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -401,7 +405,7 @@
 
     private static int preloadDrawables(TypedArray ar) {
         int N = ar.length();
-        for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
             int id = ar.getResourceId(i, 0);
             if (false) {
                 Log.v(TAG, "Preloading resource #" + Integer.toHexString(id));
@@ -410,8 +414,8 @@
                 if (mResources.getDrawable(id, null) == null) {
                     throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                             "Unable to find preloaded drawable resource #0x"
-                            + Integer.toHexString(id)
-                            + " (" + ar.getString(i) + ")");
+                                    + Integer.toHexString(id)
+                                    + " (" + ar.getString(i) + ")");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -419,9 +423,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Runs several special GCs to try to clean up a few generations of
-     * softly- and final-reachable objects, along with any other garbage.
-     * This is only useful just before a fork().
+     * Runs several special GCs to try to clean up a few generations of softly- and final-reachable
+     * objects, along with any other garbage. This is only useful just before a fork().
      */
     private static void gcAndFinalize() {
         ZygoteHooks.gcAndFinalize();
@@ -430,12 +433,12 @@
     /**
      * Finish remaining work for the newly forked system server process.
      */
-    private static Runnable handleSystemServerProcess(ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) {
+    private static Runnable handleSystemServerProcess(ZygoteArguments parsedArgs) {
         // set umask to 0077 so new files and directories will default to owner-only permissions.
         Os.umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
 
-        if (parsedArgs.niceName != null) {
-            Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.niceName);
+        if (parsedArgs.mNiceName != null) {
+            Process.setArgV0(parsedArgs.mNiceName);
         }
 
         final String systemServerClasspath = Os.getenv("SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH");
@@ -454,8 +457,8 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
-            String[] args = parsedArgs.remainingArgs;
+        if (parsedArgs.mInvokeWith != null) {
+            String[] args = parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs;
             // If we have a non-null system server class path, we'll have to duplicate the
             // existing arguments and append the classpath to it. ART will handle the classpath
             // correctly when we exec a new process.
@@ -467,15 +470,15 @@
                 args = amendedArgs;
             }
 
-            WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
-                    parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
+            WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.mInvokeWith,
+                    parsedArgs.mNiceName, parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
                     VMRuntime.getCurrentInstructionSet(), null, args);
 
             throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected return from WrapperInit.execApplication");
         } else {
             ClassLoader cl = null;
             if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
-                cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
+                cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion);
 
                 Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
             }
@@ -483,16 +486,17 @@
             /*
              * Pass the remaining arguments to SystemServer.
              */
-            return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
+            return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion,
+                    parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, cl);
         }
 
         /* should never reach here */
     }
 
     /**
-     * Note that preparing the profiles for system server does not require special
-     * selinux permissions. From the installer perspective the system server is a regular package
-     * which can capture profile information.
+     * Note that preparing the profiles for system server does not require special selinux
+     * permissions. From the installer perspective the system server is a regular package which can
+     * capture profile information.
      */
     private static void prepareSystemServerProfile(String systemServerClasspath)
             throws RemoteException {
@@ -544,8 +548,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Performs dex-opt on the elements of {@code classPath}, if needed. We
-     * choose the instruction set of the current runtime.
+     * Performs dex-opt on the elements of {@code classPath}, if needed. We choose the instruction
+     * set of the current runtime.
      */
     private static void performSystemServerDexOpt(String classPath) {
         final String[] classPathElements = classPath.split(":");
@@ -563,8 +567,9 @@
             int dexoptNeeded;
             try {
                 dexoptNeeded = DexFile.getDexOptNeeded(
-                    classPathElement, instructionSet, systemServerFilter,
-                    null /* classLoaderContext */, false /* newProfile */, false /* downgrade */);
+                        classPathElement, instructionSet, systemServerFilter,
+                        null /* classLoaderContext */, false /* newProfile */,
+                        false /* downgrade */);
             } catch (FileNotFoundException ignored) {
                 // Do not add to the classpath.
                 Log.w(TAG, "Missing classpath element for system server: " + classPathElement);
@@ -607,8 +612,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Encodes the system server class loader context in a format that is accepted by dexopt.
-     * This assumes the system server is always loaded with a {@link dalvik.system.PathClassLoader}.
+     * Encodes the system server class loader context in a format that is accepted by dexopt. This
+     * assumes the system server is always loaded with a {@link dalvik.system.PathClassLoader}.
      *
      * Note that ideally we would use the {@code DexoptUtils} to compute this. However we have no
      * dependency here on the server so we hard code the logic again.
@@ -619,10 +624,11 @@
 
     /**
      * Encodes the class path in a format accepted by dexopt.
-     * @param classPath the old class path (may be empty).
-     * @param newElement the new class path elements
-     * @return the class path encoding resulted from appending {@code newElement} to
-     * {@code classPath}.
+     *
+     * @param classPath  The old class path (may be empty).
+     * @param newElement  The new class path elements
+     * @return The class path encoding resulted from appending {@code newElement} to {@code
+     * classPath}.
      */
     private static String encodeSystemServerClassPath(String classPath, String newElement) {
         return (classPath == null || classPath.isEmpty())
@@ -633,25 +639,25 @@
     /**
      * Prepare the arguments and forks for the system server process.
      *
-     * Returns an {@code Runnable} that provides an entrypoint into system_server code in the
-     * child process, and {@code null} in the parent.
+     * @return A {@code Runnable} that provides an entrypoint into system_server code in the child
+     * process; {@code null} in the parent.
      */
     private static Runnable forkSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName,
             ZygoteServer zygoteServer) {
         long capabilities = posixCapabilitiesAsBits(
-            OsConstants.CAP_IPC_LOCK,
-            OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
-            OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
-            OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
-            OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
-            OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
-            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
-            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
-            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_PTRACE,
-            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
-            OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG,
-            OsConstants.CAP_WAKE_ALARM,
-            OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
+                OsConstants.CAP_IPC_LOCK,
+                OsConstants.CAP_KILL,
+                OsConstants.CAP_NET_ADMIN,
+                OsConstants.CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE,
+                OsConstants.CAP_NET_BROADCAST,
+                OsConstants.CAP_NET_RAW,
+                OsConstants.CAP_SYS_MODULE,
+                OsConstants.CAP_SYS_NICE,
+                OsConstants.CAP_SYS_PTRACE,
+                OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TIME,
+                OsConstants.CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG,
+                OsConstants.CAP_WAKE_ALARM,
+                OsConstants.CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
         );
         /* Containers run without some capabilities, so drop any caps that are not available. */
         StructCapUserHeader header = new StructCapUserHeader(
@@ -666,38 +672,39 @@
 
         /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
         String args[] = {
-            "--setuid=1000",
-            "--setgid=1000",
-            "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
-            "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
-            "--nice-name=system_server",
-            "--runtime-args",
-            "--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT,
-            "com.android.server.SystemServer",
+                "--setuid=1000",
+                "--setgid=1000",
+                "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,"
+                        + "1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010",
+                "--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
+                "--nice-name=system_server",
+                "--runtime-args",
+                "--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT,
+                "com.android.server.SystemServer",
         };
-        ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs = null;
+        ZygoteArguments parsedArgs = null;
 
         int pid;
 
         try {
-            parsedArgs = new ZygoteConnection.Arguments(args);
-            ZygoteConnection.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
-            ZygoteConnection.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
+            parsedArgs = new ZygoteArguments(args);
+            Zygote.applyDebuggerSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
+            Zygote.applyInvokeWithSystemProperty(parsedArgs);
 
             boolean profileSystemServer = SystemProperties.getBoolean(
                     "dalvik.vm.profilesystemserver", false);
             if (profileSystemServer) {
-                parsedArgs.runtimeFlags |= Zygote.PROFILE_SYSTEM_SERVER;
+                parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags |= Zygote.PROFILE_SYSTEM_SERVER;
             }
 
             /* Request to fork the system server process */
             pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
-                    parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
-                    parsedArgs.gids,
-                    parsedArgs.runtimeFlags,
+                    parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid,
+                    parsedArgs.mGids,
+                    parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags,
                     null,
-                    parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
-                    parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
+                    parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities,
+                    parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities);
         } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
             throw new RuntimeException(ex);
         }
@@ -785,10 +792,10 @@
             if (!enableLazyPreload) {
                 bootTimingsTraceLog.traceBegin("ZygotePreload");
                 EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_START,
-                    SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
+                        SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
                 preload(bootTimingsTraceLog);
                 EventLog.writeEvent(LOG_BOOT_PROGRESS_PRELOAD_END,
-                    SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
+                        SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
                 bootTimingsTraceLog.traceEnd(); // ZygotePreload
             } else {
                 Zygote.resetNicePriority();
@@ -844,17 +851,16 @@
     /**
      * Return {@code true} if this device configuration has another zygote.
      *
-     * We determine this by comparing the device ABI list with this zygotes
-     * list. If this zygote supports all ABIs this device supports, there won't
-     * be another zygote.
+     * We determine this by comparing the device ABI list with this zygotes list. If this zygote
+     * supports all ABIs this device supports, there won't be another zygote.
      */
     private static boolean hasSecondZygote(String abiList) {
         return !SystemProperties.get("ro.product.cpu.abilist").equals(abiList);
     }
 
     private static void waitForSecondaryZygote(String socketName) {
-        String otherZygoteName = Process.ZYGOTE_SOCKET.equals(socketName) ?
-                Process.SECONDARY_ZYGOTE_SOCKET : Process.ZYGOTE_SOCKET;
+        String otherZygoteName = ZygoteProcess.ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME.equals(socketName)
+                ? ZygoteProcess.ZYGOTE_SECONDARY_SOCKET_NAME : ZygoteProcess.ZYGOTE_SOCKET_NAME;
         ZygoteProcess.waitForConnectionToZygote(otherZygoteName);
     }
 
@@ -869,9 +875,8 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * The main function called when started through the zygote process. This
-     * could be unified with main(), if the native code in nativeFinishInit()
-     * were rationalized with Zygote startup.<p>
+     * The main function called when started through the zygote process. This could be unified with
+     * main(), if the native code in nativeFinishInit() were rationalized with Zygote startup.<p>
      *
      * Current recognized args:
      * <ul>
@@ -881,7 +886,8 @@
      * @param targetSdkVersion target SDK version
      * @param argv arg strings
      */
-    public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
+    public static final Runnable zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv,
+            ClassLoader classLoader) {
         if (RuntimeInit.DEBUG) {
             Slog.d(RuntimeInit.TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
         }
@@ -895,9 +901,9 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * The main function called when starting a child zygote process. This is used as an
-     * alternative to zygoteInit(), which skips calling into initialization routines that
-     * start the Binder threadpool.
+     * The main function called when starting a child zygote process. This is used as an alternative
+     * to zygoteInit(), which skips calling into initialization routines that start the Binder
+     * threadpool.
      */
     static final Runnable childZygoteInit(
             int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) {
diff --git a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java
index fecf9b9..c1bfde1 100644
--- a/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java
+++ b/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteServer.java
@@ -20,14 +20,14 @@
 
 import android.net.LocalServerSocket;
 import android.net.LocalSocket;
-import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
 import android.system.StructPollfd;
 import android.util.Log;
-
 import android.util.Slog;
-import java.io.IOException;
+
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
 /**
@@ -63,8 +63,7 @@
      */
     private boolean mIsForkChild;
 
-    ZygoteServer() {
-    }
+    ZygoteServer() { }
 
     void setForkChild() {
         mIsForkChild = true;
@@ -197,7 +196,7 @@
                 if (i == 0) {
                     ZygoteConnection newPeer = acceptCommandPeer(abiList);
                     peers.add(newPeer);
-                    fds.add(newPeer.getFileDesciptor());
+                    fds.add(newPeer.getFileDescriptor());
                 } else {
                     try {
                         ZygoteConnection connection = peers.get(i);
diff --git a/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp b/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp
index 9782541..62aa1f38 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_util_Process.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 #include <utils/Vector.h>
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
-#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 
 #include "core_jni_helpers.h"
 
diff --git a/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp b/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
index 691027d..43e6399 100644
--- a/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
@@ -14,19 +14,32 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+/*
+ * Disable optimization of this file if we are compiling with the address
+ * sanitizer.  This is a mitigation for b/122921367 and can be removed once the
+ * bug is fixed.
+ */
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#pragma clang optimize off
+#endif
+
 #define LOG_TAG "Zygote"
 
 // sys/mount.h has to come before linux/fs.h due to redefinition of MS_RDONLY, MS_BIND, etc
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
 #include <functional>
 #include <list>
 #include <optional>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 
 #include <android/fdsan.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <grp.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -37,9 +50,11 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/capability.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
 #include <sys/personality.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -47,19 +62,20 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "android-base/logging.h"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/fs.h>
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
+#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <seccomp_policy.h>
 #include <stats_event_list.h>
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
-#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 
 #include "core_jni_helpers.h"
 #include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
@@ -72,6 +88,9 @@
 
 namespace {
 
+// TODO (chriswailes): Add a function to initialize native Zygote data.
+// TODO (chriswailes): Fix mixed indentation style (2 and 4 spaces).
+
 using namespace std::placeholders;
 
 using android::String8;
@@ -82,6 +101,9 @@
 #define CREATE_ERROR(...) StringPrintf("%s:%d: ", __FILE__, __LINE__). \
                               append(StringPrintf(__VA_ARGS__))
 
+// This type is duplicated in fd_utils.h
+typedef const std::function<void(std::string)>& fail_fn_t;
+
 static pid_t gSystemServerPid = 0;
 
 static const char kZygoteClassName[] = "com/android/internal/os/Zygote";
@@ -91,6 +113,152 @@
 
 static bool g_is_security_enforced = true;
 
+/**
+ * The maximum number of characters (not including a null terminator) that a
+ * process name may contain.
+ */
+static constexpr size_t MAX_NAME_LENGTH = 15;
+
+/**
+ * The prefix string for environmental variables storing socket FDs created by
+ * init.
+ */
+
+static constexpr std::string_view ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX("ANDROID_SOCKET_");
+
+/**
+ * The file descriptor for the Zygote socket opened by init.
+ */
+
+static int gZygoteSocketFD = -1;
+
+/**
+ * The file descriptor for the Blastula pool socket opened by init.
+ */
+
+static int gBlastulaPoolSocketFD = -1;
+
+/**
+ * The number of Blastulas currently in this Zygote's pool.
+ */
+static std::atomic_uint32_t gBlastulaPoolCount = 0;
+
+/**
+ * Event file descriptor used to communicate reaped blastulas to the
+ * ZygoteServer.
+ */
+static int gBlastulaPoolEventFD = -1;
+
+/**
+ * The maximum value that the gBlastulaPoolMax variable may take.  This value
+ * is a mirror of Zygote.BLASTULA_POOL_MAX_LIMIT
+ */
+static constexpr int BLASTULA_POOL_MAX_LIMIT = 10;
+
+/**
+ * A helper class containing accounting information for Blastulas.
+ */
+class BlastulaTableEntry {
+ public:
+  struct EntryStorage {
+    int32_t pid;
+    int32_t read_pipe_fd;
+
+    bool operator!=(const EntryStorage& other) {
+      return pid != other.pid || read_pipe_fd != other.read_pipe_fd;
+    }
+  };
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr EntryStorage INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE = {-1, -1};
+
+  std::atomic<EntryStorage> mStorage;
+  static_assert(decltype(mStorage)::is_always_lock_free);
+
+ public:
+  constexpr BlastulaTableEntry() : mStorage(INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE) {}
+
+  /**
+   * If the provided PID matches the one stored in this entry, the entry will
+   * be invalidated and the associated file descriptor will be closed.  If the
+   * PIDs don't match nothing will happen.
+   *
+   * @param pid The ID of the process who's entry we want to clear.
+   * @return True if the entry was cleared; false otherwise
+   */
+  bool ClearForPID(int32_t pid) {
+    EntryStorage storage = mStorage.load();
+
+    if (storage.pid == pid) {
+      /*
+       * There are three possible outcomes from this compare-and-exchange:
+       *   1) It succeeds, in which case we close the FD
+       *   2) It fails and the new value is INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE, in which case
+       *      the entry has already been cleared.
+       *   3) It fails and the new value isn't INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE, in which
+       *      case the entry has already been cleared and re-used.
+       *
+       * In all three cases the goal of the caller has been met and we can
+       * return true.
+       */
+      if (mStorage.compare_exchange_strong(storage, INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE)) {
+        close(storage.read_pipe_fd);
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @return A copy of the data stored in this entry.
+   */
+  std::optional<EntryStorage> GetValues() {
+    EntryStorage storage = mStorage.load();
+
+    if (storage != INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE) {
+      return storage;
+    } else {
+      return std::nullopt;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the entry to the given values if it is currently invalid.
+   *
+   * @param pid  The process ID for the new entry.
+   * @param read_pipe_fd  The read end of the blastula control pipe for this
+   * process.
+   * @return True if the entry was set; false otherwise.
+   */
+  bool SetIfInvalid(int32_t pid, int32_t read_pipe_fd) {
+    EntryStorage new_value_storage;
+
+    new_value_storage.pid = pid;
+    new_value_storage.read_pipe_fd = read_pipe_fd;
+
+    EntryStorage expected = INVALID_ENTRY_VALUE;
+
+    return mStorage.compare_exchange_strong(expected, new_value_storage);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * A table containing information about the Blastulas currently in the pool.
+ *
+ * Multiple threads may be attempting to modify the table, either from the
+ * signal handler or from the ZygoteServer poll loop.  Atomic loads/stores in
+ * the BlastulaTableEntry class prevent data races during these concurrent
+ * operations.
+ */
+static std::array<BlastulaTableEntry, BLASTULA_POOL_MAX_LIMIT> gBlastulaTable;
+
+/**
+ * The list of open zygote file descriptors.
+ */
+static FileDescriptorTable* gOpenFdTable = nullptr;
+
 // Must match values in com.android.internal.os.Zygote.
 enum MountExternalKind {
   MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE = 0,
@@ -104,6 +272,9 @@
   DEBUG_ENABLE_JDWP = 1,
 };
 
+// Forward declaration so we don't have to move the signal handler.
+static bool RemoveBlastulaTableEntry(pid_t blastula_pid);
+
 static void RuntimeAbort(JNIEnv* env, int line, const char* msg) {
   std::ostringstream oss;
   oss << __FILE__ << ":" << line << ": " << msg;
@@ -114,6 +285,7 @@
 static void SigChldHandler(int /*signal_number*/) {
   pid_t pid;
   int status;
+  int64_t blastulas_removed = 0;
 
   // It's necessary to save and restore the errno during this function.
   // Since errno is stored per thread, changing it here modifies the errno
@@ -147,6 +319,11 @@
       ALOGE("Exit zygote because system server (%d) has terminated", pid);
       kill(getpid(), SIGKILL);
     }
+
+    // Check to see if the PID is in the blastula pool and remove it if it is.
+    if (RemoveBlastulaTableEntry(pid)) {
+      ++blastulas_removed;
+    }
   }
 
   // Note that we shouldn't consider ECHILD an error because
@@ -155,6 +332,15 @@
     ALOGW("Zygote SIGCHLD error in waitpid: %s", strerror(errno));
   }
 
+  if (blastulas_removed > 0) {
+    if (write(gBlastulaPoolEventFD, &blastulas_removed, sizeof(blastulas_removed)) == -1) {
+      // If this write fails something went terribly wrong.  We will now kill
+      // the zygote and let the system bring it back up.
+      ALOGE("Zygote failed to write to blastula pool event FD: %s", strerror(errno));
+      kill(getpid(), SIGKILL);
+    }
+  }
+
   errno = saved_errno;
 }
 
@@ -179,13 +365,13 @@
   struct sigaction sig_chld = {};
   sig_chld.sa_handler = SigChldHandler;
 
-  if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sig_chld, NULL) < 0) {
+  if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sig_chld, nullptr) < 0) {
     ALOGW("Error setting SIGCHLD handler: %s", strerror(errno));
   }
 
   struct sigaction sig_hup = {};
   sig_hup.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
-  if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &sig_hup, NULL) < 0) {
+  if (sigaction(SIGHUP, &sig_hup, nullptr) < 0) {
     ALOGW("Error setting SIGHUP handler: %s", strerror(errno));
   }
 }
@@ -196,64 +382,57 @@
   memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
   sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
 
-  if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
+  if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, nullptr) < 0) {
     ALOGW("Error unsetting SIGCHLD handler: %s", strerror(errno));
   }
 }
 
 // Calls POSIX setgroups() using the int[] object as an argument.
-// A NULL argument is tolerated.
-static bool SetGids(JNIEnv* env, jintArray javaGids, std::string* error_msg) {
-  if (javaGids == NULL) {
-    return true;
+// A nullptr argument is tolerated.
+static void SetGids(JNIEnv* env, jintArray managed_gids, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  if (managed_gids == nullptr) {
+    return;
   }
 
-  ScopedIntArrayRO gids(env, javaGids);
-  if (gids.get() == NULL) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("Getting gids int array failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-  int rc = setgroups(gids.size(), reinterpret_cast<const gid_t*>(&gids[0]));
-  if (rc == -1) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("setgroups failed: %s, gids.size=%zu", strerror(errno), gids.size());
-    return false;
+  ScopedIntArrayRO gids(env, managed_gids);
+  if (gids.get() == nullptr) {
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("Getting gids int array failed"));
   }
 
-  return true;
+  if (setgroups(gids.size(), reinterpret_cast<const gid_t*>(&gids[0])) == -1) {
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("setgroups failed: %s, gids.size=%zu", strerror(errno), gids.size()));
+  }
 }
 
 // Sets the resource limits via setrlimit(2) for the values in the
 // two-dimensional array of integers that's passed in. The second dimension
-// contains a tuple of length 3: (resource, rlim_cur, rlim_max). NULL is
+// contains a tuple of length 3: (resource, rlim_cur, rlim_max). nullptr is
 // treated as an empty array.
-static bool SetRLimits(JNIEnv* env, jobjectArray javaRlimits, std::string* error_msg) {
-  if (javaRlimits == NULL) {
-    return true;
+static void SetRLimits(JNIEnv* env, jobjectArray managed_rlimits, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  if (managed_rlimits == nullptr) {
+    return;
   }
 
   rlimit rlim;
   memset(&rlim, 0, sizeof(rlim));
 
-  for (int i = 0; i < env->GetArrayLength(javaRlimits); ++i) {
-    ScopedLocalRef<jobject> javaRlimitObject(env, env->GetObjectArrayElement(javaRlimits, i));
-    ScopedIntArrayRO javaRlimit(env, reinterpret_cast<jintArray>(javaRlimitObject.get()));
-    if (javaRlimit.size() != 3) {
-      *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("rlimits array must have a second dimension of size 3");
-      return false;
+  for (int i = 0; i < env->GetArrayLength(managed_rlimits); ++i) {
+    ScopedLocalRef<jobject>
+        managed_rlimit_object(env, env->GetObjectArrayElement(managed_rlimits, i));
+    ScopedIntArrayRO rlimit_handle(env, reinterpret_cast<jintArray>(managed_rlimit_object.get()));
+
+    if (rlimit_handle.size() != 3) {
+      fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("rlimits array must have a second dimension of size 3"));
     }
 
-    rlim.rlim_cur = javaRlimit[1];
-    rlim.rlim_max = javaRlimit[2];
+    rlim.rlim_cur = rlimit_handle[1];
+    rlim.rlim_max = rlimit_handle[2];
 
-    int rc = setrlimit(javaRlimit[0], &rlim);
-    if (rc == -1) {
-      *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("setrlimit(%d, {%ld, %ld}) failed", javaRlimit[0], rlim.rlim_cur,
-            rlim.rlim_max);
-      return false;
+    if (setrlimit(rlimit_handle[0], &rlim) == -1) {
+      fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("setrlimit(%d, {%ld, %ld}) failed",
+                           rlimit_handle[0], rlim.rlim_cur, rlim.rlim_max));
     }
   }
-
-  return true;
 }
 
 static void EnableDebugger() {
@@ -313,32 +492,26 @@
   }
 }
 
-static bool EnableKeepCapabilities(std::string* error_msg) {
-  int rc = prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0);
-  if (rc == -1) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+static void EnableKeepCapabilities(fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  if (prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS, 1, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("prctl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) failed: %s", strerror(errno)));
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
-static bool DropCapabilitiesBoundingSet(std::string* error_msg) {
-  for (int i = 0; prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i, 0, 0, 0) >= 0; i++) {
-    int rc = prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i, 0, 0, 0);
-    if (rc == -1) {
+static void DropCapabilitiesBoundingSet(fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  for (int i = 0; prctl(PR_CAPBSET_READ, i, 0, 0, 0) >= 0; i++) {;
+    if (prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, i, 0, 0, 0) == -1) {
       if (errno == EINVAL) {
         ALOGE("prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP) failed with EINVAL. Please verify "
               "your kernel is compiled with file capabilities support");
       } else {
-        *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, %d) failed: %s", i, strerror(errno));
-        return false;
+        fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("prctl(PR_CAPBSET_DROP, %d) failed: %s", i, strerror(errno)));
       }
     }
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
-static bool SetInheritable(uint64_t inheritable, std::string* error_msg) {
+static void SetInheritable(uint64_t inheritable, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   __user_cap_header_struct capheader;
   memset(&capheader, 0, sizeof(capheader));
   capheader.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3;
@@ -346,23 +519,19 @@
 
   __user_cap_data_struct capdata[2];
   if (capget(&capheader, &capdata[0]) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("capget failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("capget failed: %s", strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   capdata[0].inheritable = inheritable;
   capdata[1].inheritable = inheritable >> 32;
 
   if (capset(&capheader, &capdata[0]) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("capset(inh=%" PRIx64 ") failed: %s", inheritable, strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("capset(inh=%" PRIx64 ") failed: %s", inheritable, strerror(errno)));
   }
-
-  return true;
 }
 
-static bool SetCapabilities(uint64_t permitted, uint64_t effective, uint64_t inheritable,
-                            std::string* error_msg) {
+static void SetCapabilities(uint64_t permitted, uint64_t effective, uint64_t inheritable,
+                            fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   __user_cap_header_struct capheader;
   memset(&capheader, 0, sizeof(capheader));
   capheader.version = _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3;
@@ -378,27 +547,23 @@
   capdata[1].inheritable = inheritable >> 32;
 
   if (capset(&capheader, &capdata[0]) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("capset(perm=%" PRIx64 ", eff=%" PRIx64 ", inh=%" PRIx64 ") "
-                              "failed: %s", permitted, effective, inheritable, strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("capset(perm=%" PRIx64 ", eff=%" PRIx64 ", inh=%" PRIx64 ") "
+                         "failed: %s", permitted, effective, inheritable, strerror(errno)));
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
-static bool SetSchedulerPolicy(std::string* error_msg) {
+static void SetSchedulerPolicy(fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   errno = -set_sched_policy(0, SP_DEFAULT);
   if (errno != 0) {
-    *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("set_sched_policy(0, SP_DEFAULT) failed: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("set_sched_policy(0, SP_DEFAULT) failed: %s", strerror(errno)));
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
 static int UnmountTree(const char* path) {
     size_t path_len = strlen(path);
 
     FILE* fp = setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r");
-    if (fp == NULL) {
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
         ALOGE("Error opening /proc/mounts: %s", strerror(errno));
         return -errno;
     }
@@ -407,7 +572,7 @@
     // reverse order to give us the best chance of success.
     std::list<std::string> toUnmount;
     mntent* mentry;
-    while ((mentry = getmntent(fp)) != NULL) {
+    while ((mentry = getmntent(fp)) != nullptr) {
         if (strncmp(mentry->mnt_dir, path, path_len) == 0) {
             toUnmount.push_front(std::string(mentry->mnt_dir));
         }
@@ -424,8 +589,8 @@
 
 // Create a private mount namespace and bind mount appropriate emulated
 // storage for the given user.
-static bool MountEmulatedStorage(uid_t uid, jint mount_mode,
-        bool force_mount_namespace, std::string* error_msg) {
+static void MountEmulatedStorage(uid_t uid, jint mount_mode,
+                                 bool force_mount_namespace, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
     // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/tech/storage/
 
     String8 storageSource;
@@ -437,44 +602,39 @@
         storageSource = "/mnt/runtime/write";
     } else if (!force_mount_namespace) {
         // Sane default of no storage visible
-        return true;
+        return;
     }
 
     // Create a second private mount namespace for our process
     if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1) {
-        *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("Failed to unshare(): %s", strerror(errno));
-        return false;
+        fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("Failed to unshare(): %s", strerror(errno)));
     }
 
     // Handle force_mount_namespace with MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE.
     if (mount_mode == MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE) {
-        return true;
+        return;
     }
 
     if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(mount(storageSource.string(), "/storage",
-            NULL, MS_BIND | MS_REC | MS_SLAVE, NULL)) == -1) {
-        *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("Failed to mount %s to /storage: %s",
-                                  storageSource.string(),
-                                  strerror(errno));
-        return false;
+                                 nullptr, MS_BIND | MS_REC | MS_SLAVE, nullptr)) == -1) {
+        fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("Failed to mount %s to /storage: %s",
+                             storageSource.string(),
+                             strerror(errno)));
     }
 
     // Mount user-specific symlink helper into place
     userid_t user_id = multiuser_get_user_id(uid);
     const String8 userSource(String8::format("/mnt/user/%d", user_id));
     if (fs_prepare_dir(userSource.string(), 0751, 0, 0) == -1) {
-        *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("fs_prepare_dir failed on %s", userSource.string());
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(mount(userSource.string(), "/storage/self",
-            NULL, MS_BIND, NULL)) == -1) {
-        *error_msg = CREATE_ERROR("Failed to mount %s to /storage/self: %s",
-                                  userSource.string(),
-                                  strerror(errno));
-        return false;
+        fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("fs_prepare_dir failed on %s (%s)",
+                             userSource.string(), strerror(errno)));
     }
 
-    return true;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(mount(userSource.string(), "/storage/self",
+                                 nullptr, MS_BIND, nullptr)) == -1) {
+        fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("Failed to mount %s to /storage/self: %s",
+                             userSource.string(), strerror(errno)));
+    }
 }
 
 static bool NeedsNoRandomizeWorkaround() {
@@ -502,55 +662,45 @@
 // descriptor (if any) is closed via dup2(), replacing it with a valid
 // (open) descriptor to /dev/null.
 
-static bool DetachDescriptors(JNIEnv* env, jintArray fdsToClose, std::string* error_msg) {
-  if (!fdsToClose) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  jsize count = env->GetArrayLength(fdsToClose);
-  ScopedIntArrayRO ar(env, fdsToClose);
-  if (ar.get() == NULL) {
-    *error_msg = "Bad fd array";
-    return false;
-  }
-  jsize i;
-  int devnull;
-  for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-    devnull = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-    if (devnull < 0) {
-      *error_msg = std::string("Failed to open /dev/null: ").append(strerror(errno));
-      return false;
+static void DetachDescriptors(JNIEnv* env,
+                              const std::vector<int>& fds_to_close,
+                              fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+
+  if (fds_to_close.size() > 0) {
+    android::base::unique_fd devnull_fd(open("/dev/null", O_RDWR));
+    if (devnull_fd == -1) {
+      fail_fn(std::string("Failed to open /dev/null: ").append(strerror(errno)));
     }
-    ALOGV("Switching descriptor %d to /dev/null: %s", ar[i], strerror(errno));
-    if (dup2(devnull, ar[i]) < 0) {
-      *error_msg = StringPrintf("Failed dup2() on descriptor %d: %s", ar[i], strerror(errno));
-      return false;
+
+    for (int fd : fds_to_close) {
+      ALOGV("Switching descriptor %d to /dev/null", fd);
+      if (dup2(devnull_fd, fd) == -1) {
+        fail_fn(StringPrintf("Failed dup2() on descriptor %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno)));
+      }
     }
-    close(devnull);
   }
-  return true;
 }
 
-void SetThreadName(const char* thread_name) {
+void SetThreadName(const std::string& thread_name) {
   bool hasAt = false;
   bool hasDot = false;
-  const char* s = thread_name;
-  while (*s) {
-    if (*s == '.') {
+
+  for (const char str_el : thread_name) {
+    if (str_el == '.') {
       hasDot = true;
-    } else if (*s == '@') {
+    } else if (str_el == '@') {
       hasAt = true;
     }
-    s++;
   }
-  const int len = s - thread_name;
-  if (len < 15 || hasAt || !hasDot) {
-    s = thread_name;
-  } else {
-    s = thread_name + len - 15;
+
+  const char* name_start_ptr = thread_name.c_str();
+  if (thread_name.length() >= MAX_NAME_LENGTH && !hasAt && hasDot) {
+    name_start_ptr += thread_name.length() - MAX_NAME_LENGTH;
   }
+
   // pthread_setname_np fails rather than truncating long strings.
   char buf[16];       // MAX_TASK_COMM_LEN=16 is hard-coded into bionic
-  strlcpy(buf, s, sizeof(buf)-1);
+  strlcpy(buf, name_start_ptr, sizeof(buf) - 1);
   errno = pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), buf);
   if (errno != 0) {
     ALOGW("Unable to set the name of current thread to '%s': %s", buf, strerror(errno));
@@ -559,28 +709,16 @@
   android::base::SetDefaultTag(buf);
 }
 
-// The list of open zygote file descriptors.
-static FileDescriptorTable* gOpenFdTable = NULL;
-
-static bool FillFileDescriptorVector(JNIEnv* env,
-                                     jintArray managed_fds,
-                                     std::vector<int>* fds,
-                                     std::string* error_msg) {
-  CHECK(fds != nullptr);
-  if (managed_fds != nullptr) {
-    ScopedIntArrayRO ar(env, managed_fds);
-    if (ar.get() == nullptr) {
-      *error_msg = "Bad fd array";
-      return false;
-    }
-    fds->reserve(ar.size());
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < ar.size(); ++i) {
-      fds->push_back(ar[i]);
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
+/**
+ * A failure function used to report fatal errors to the managed runtime.  This
+ * function is often curried with the process name information and then passed
+ * to called functions.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param process_name  A native representation of the process name
+ * @param managed_process_name  A managed representation of the process name
+ * @param msg  The error message to be reported
+ */
 [[noreturn]]
 static void ZygoteFailure(JNIEnv* env,
                           const char* process_name,
@@ -601,12 +739,25 @@
   __builtin_unreachable();
 }
 
+/**
+ * A helper method for converting managed strings to native strings.  A fatal
+ * error is generated if a problem is encountered in extracting a non-null
+ * string.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param process_name  A native representation of the process name
+ * @param managed_process_name  A managed representation of the process name
+ * @param managed_string  The managed string to extract
+ *
+ * @return An empty option if the managed string is null.  A optional-wrapped
+ * string otherwise.
+ */
 static std::optional<std::string> ExtractJString(JNIEnv* env,
                                                  const char* process_name,
                                                  jstring managed_process_name,
                                                  jstring managed_string) {
   if (managed_string == nullptr) {
-    return std::optional<std::string>();
+    return std::nullopt;
   } else {
     ScopedUtfChars scoped_string_chars(env, managed_string);
 
@@ -618,15 +769,85 @@
   }
 }
 
-// Utility routine to fork a zygote.
-static pid_t ForkCommon(JNIEnv* env, bool is_system_server,
-                        jintArray managed_fds_to_close, jintArray managed_fds_to_ignore) {
-  SetSignalHandlers();
+/**
+ * A helper method for converting managed integer arrays to native vectors.  A
+ * fatal error is generated if a problem is encountered in extracting a non-null array.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param process_name  A native representation of the process name
+ * @param managed_process_name  A managed representation of the process name
+ * @param managed_array  The managed integer array to extract
+ *
+ * @return An empty option if the managed array is null.  A optional-wrapped
+ * vector otherwise.
+ */
+static std::optional<std::vector<int>> ExtractJIntArray(JNIEnv* env,
+                                                        const char* process_name,
+                                                        jstring managed_process_name,
+                                                        jintArray managed_array) {
+  if (managed_array == nullptr) {
+    return std::nullopt;
+  } else {
+    ScopedIntArrayRO managed_array_handle(env, managed_array);
 
-  // Block SIGCHLD prior to fork.
-  sigset_t sigchld;
-  sigemptyset(&sigchld);
-  sigaddset(&sigchld, SIGCHLD);
+    if (managed_array_handle.get() != nullptr) {
+      std::vector<int> native_array;
+      native_array.reserve(managed_array_handle.size());
+
+      for (size_t array_index = 0; array_index < managed_array_handle.size(); ++array_index) {
+        native_array.push_back(managed_array_handle[array_index]);
+      }
+
+      return std::move(native_array);
+
+    } else {
+      ZygoteFailure(env, process_name, managed_process_name, "Failed to extract JIntArray.");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * A utility function for blocking signals.
+ *
+ * @param signum  Signal number to block
+ * @param fail_fn  Fatal error reporting function
+ *
+ * @see ZygoteFailure
+ */
+static void BlockSignal(int signum, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  sigset_t sigs;
+  sigemptyset(&sigs);
+  sigaddset(&sigs, signum);
+
+  if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigs, nullptr) == -1) {
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("Failed to block signal %s: %s", strsignal(signum), strerror(errno)));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * A utility function for unblocking signals.
+ *
+ * @param signum  Signal number to unblock
+ * @param fail_fn  Fatal error reporting function
+ *
+ * @see ZygoteFailure
+ */
+static void UnblockSignal(int signum, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  sigset_t sigs;
+  sigemptyset(&sigs);
+  sigaddset(&sigs, signum);
+
+  if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sigs, nullptr) == -1) {
+    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("Failed to un-block signal %s: %s", strsignal(signum), strerror(errno)));
+  }
+}
+
+// Utility routine to fork a process from the zygote.
+static pid_t ForkCommon(JNIEnv* env, bool is_system_server,
+                        const std::vector<int>& fds_to_close,
+                        const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore) {
+  SetSignalHandlers();
 
   // Curry a failure function.
   auto fail_fn = std::bind(ZygoteFailure, env, is_system_server ? "system_server" : "zygote",
@@ -637,9 +858,7 @@
   // This would cause failures because the FDs are not whitelisted.
   //
   // Note that the zygote process is single threaded at this point.
-  if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sigchld, nullptr) == -1) {
-    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, { SIGCHLD }) failed: %s", strerror(errno)));
-  }
+  BlockSignal(SIGCHLD, fail_fn);
 
   // Close any logging related FDs before we start evaluating the list of
   // file descriptors.
@@ -649,19 +868,10 @@
   // If this is the first fork for this zygote, create the open FD table.  If
   // it isn't, we just need to check whether the list of open files has changed
   // (and it shouldn't in the normal case).
-  std::string error_msg;
-  std::vector<int> fds_to_ignore;
-  if (!FillFileDescriptorVector(env, managed_fds_to_ignore, &fds_to_ignore, &error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
-
   if (gOpenFdTable == nullptr) {
-    gOpenFdTable = FileDescriptorTable::Create(fds_to_ignore, &error_msg);
-    if (gOpenFdTable == nullptr) {
-      fail_fn(error_msg);
-    }
-  } else if (!gOpenFdTable->Restat(fds_to_ignore, &error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
+    gOpenFdTable = FileDescriptorTable::Create(fds_to_ignore, fail_fn);
+  } else {
+    gOpenFdTable->Restat(fds_to_ignore, fail_fn);
   }
 
   android_fdsan_error_level fdsan_error_level = android_fdsan_get_error_level();
@@ -673,24 +883,19 @@
     PreApplicationInit();
 
     // Clean up any descriptors which must be closed immediately
-    if (!DetachDescriptors(env, managed_fds_to_close, &error_msg)) {
-      fail_fn(error_msg);
-    }
+    DetachDescriptors(env, fds_to_close, fail_fn);
 
     // Re-open all remaining open file descriptors so that they aren't shared
     // with the zygote across a fork.
-    if (!gOpenFdTable->ReopenOrDetach(&error_msg)) {
-      fail_fn(error_msg);
-    }
+    gOpenFdTable->ReopenOrDetach(fail_fn);
 
     // Turn fdsan back on.
     android_fdsan_set_error_level(fdsan_error_level);
   }
 
   // We blocked SIGCHLD prior to a fork, we unblock it here.
-  if (sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sigchld, nullptr) == -1) {
-    fail_fn(CREATE_ERROR("sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, { SIGCHLD }) failed: %s", strerror(errno)));
-  }
+  UnblockSignal(SIGCHLD, fail_fn);
+
   return pid;
 }
 
@@ -702,32 +907,23 @@
                              jstring managed_nice_name, bool is_system_server,
                              bool is_child_zygote, jstring managed_instruction_set,
                              jstring managed_app_data_dir) {
-  auto fail_fn = std::bind(ZygoteFailure, env, is_system_server ? "system_server" : "zygote",
-                           managed_nice_name, _1);
-  auto extract_fn = std::bind(ExtractJString, env, is_system_server ? "system_server" : "zygote",
-                              managed_nice_name, _1);
+  const char* process_name = is_system_server ? "system_server" : "zygote";
+  auto fail_fn = std::bind(ZygoteFailure, env, process_name, managed_nice_name, _1);
+  auto extract_fn = std::bind(ExtractJString, env, process_name, managed_nice_name, _1);
 
   auto se_info = extract_fn(managed_se_info);
   auto nice_name = extract_fn(managed_nice_name);
   auto instruction_set = extract_fn(managed_instruction_set);
   auto app_data_dir = extract_fn(managed_app_data_dir);
 
-  std::string error_msg;
-
   // Keep capabilities across UID change, unless we're staying root.
   if (uid != 0) {
-    if (!EnableKeepCapabilities(&error_msg)) {
-      fail_fn(error_msg);
-    }
+    EnableKeepCapabilities(fail_fn);
   }
 
-  if (!SetInheritable(permitted_capabilities, &error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
+  SetInheritable(permitted_capabilities, fail_fn);
 
-  if (!DropCapabilitiesBoundingSet(&error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
+  DropCapabilitiesBoundingSet(fail_fn);
 
   bool use_native_bridge = !is_system_server &&
                            instruction_set.has_value() &&
@@ -744,23 +940,12 @@
     ALOGW("Native bridge will not be used because managed_app_data_dir == nullptr.");
   }
 
-  if (!MountEmulatedStorage(uid, mount_external, use_native_bridge, &error_msg)) {
-    ALOGW("Failed to mount emulated storage: %s (%s)", error_msg.c_str(), strerror(errno));
-    if (errno == ENOTCONN || errno == EROFS) {
-      // When device is actively encrypting, we get ENOTCONN here
-      // since FUSE was mounted before the framework restarted.
-      // When encrypted device is booting, we get EROFS since
-      // FUSE hasn't been created yet by init.
-      // In either case, continue without external storage.
-    } else {
-      fail_fn(error_msg);
-    }
-  }
+  MountEmulatedStorage(uid, mount_external, use_native_bridge, fail_fn);
 
   // If this zygote isn't root, it won't be able to create a process group,
   // since the directory is owned by root.
   if (!is_system_server && getuid() == 0) {
-      int rc = createProcessGroup(uid, getpid());
+      const int rc = createProcessGroup(uid, getpid());
       if (rc != 0) {
           if (rc == -EROFS) {
               ALOGW("createProcessGroup failed, kernel missing CONFIG_CGROUP_CPUACCT?");
@@ -770,13 +955,8 @@
       }
   }
 
-  if (!SetGids(env, gids, &error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
-
-  if (!SetRLimits(env, rlimits, &error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
+  SetGids(env, gids, fail_fn);
+  SetRLimits(env, rlimits, fail_fn);
 
   if (use_native_bridge) {
     // Due to the logic behind use_native_bridge we know that both app_data_dir
@@ -835,14 +1015,9 @@
       }
   }
 
-  if (!SetCapabilities(permitted_capabilities, effective_capabilities, permitted_capabilities,
-                       &error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
+  SetCapabilities(permitted_capabilities, effective_capabilities, permitted_capabilities, fail_fn);
 
-  if (!SetSchedulerPolicy(&error_msg)) {
-    fail_fn(error_msg);
-  }
+  SetSchedulerPolicy(fail_fn);
 
   const char* se_info_ptr = se_info.has_value() ? se_info.value().c_str() : nullptr;
   const char* nice_name_ptr = nice_name.has_value() ? nice_name.value().c_str() : nullptr;
@@ -855,7 +1030,7 @@
   // Make it easier to debug audit logs by setting the main thread's name to the
   // nice name rather than "app_process".
   if (nice_name.has_value()) {
-    SetThreadName(nice_name.value().c_str());
+    SetThreadName(nice_name.value());
   } else if (is_system_server) {
     SetThreadName("system_server");
   }
@@ -868,6 +1043,7 @@
     if (env->ExceptionCheck()) {
       fail_fn("Error calling post fork system server hooks.");
     }
+
     // TODO(oth): Remove hardcoded label here (b/117874058).
     static const char* kSystemServerLabel = "u:r:system_server:s0";
     if (selinux_android_setcon(kSystemServerLabel) != 0) {
@@ -971,6 +1147,74 @@
 
   return capabilities & GetEffectiveCapabilityMask(env);
 }
+
+/**
+ * Adds the given information about a newly created blastula to the Zygote's
+ * blastula table.
+ *
+ * @param blastula_pid  Process ID of the newly created blastula
+ * @param read_pipe_fd  File descriptor for the read end of the blastula
+ * reporting pipe.  Used in the ZygoteServer poll loop to track blastula
+ * specialization.
+ */
+static void AddBlastulaTableEntry(pid_t blastula_pid, int read_pipe_fd) {
+  static int sBlastulaTableInsertIndex = 0;
+
+  int search_index = sBlastulaTableInsertIndex;
+
+  do {
+    if (gBlastulaTable[search_index].SetIfInvalid(blastula_pid, read_pipe_fd)) {
+      // Start our next search right after where we finished this one.
+      sBlastulaTableInsertIndex = (search_index + 1) % gBlastulaTable.size();
+
+      return;
+    }
+
+    search_index = (search_index + 1) % gBlastulaTable.size();
+  } while (search_index != sBlastulaTableInsertIndex);
+
+  // Much like money in the banana stand, there should always be an entry
+  // in the blastula table.
+  __builtin_unreachable();
+}
+
+/**
+ * Invalidates the entry in the BlastulaTable corresponding to the provided
+ * process ID if it is present.  If an entry was removed the blastula pool
+ * count is decremented.
+ *
+ * @param blastula_pid  Process ID of the blastula entry to invalidate
+ * @return True if an entry was invalidated; false otherwise
+ */
+static bool RemoveBlastulaTableEntry(pid_t blastula_pid) {
+  for (BlastulaTableEntry& entry : gBlastulaTable) {
+    if (entry.ClearForPID(blastula_pid)) {
+      --gBlastulaPoolCount;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @return A vector of the read pipe FDs for each of the active blastulas.
+ */
+std::vector<int> MakeBlastulaPipeReadFDVector() {
+  std::vector<int> fd_vec;
+  fd_vec.reserve(gBlastulaTable.size());
+
+  for (BlastulaTableEntry& entry : gBlastulaTable) {
+    auto entry_values = entry.GetValues();
+
+    if (entry_values.has_value()) {
+      fd_vec.push_back(entry_values.value().read_pipe_fd);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return fd_vec;
+}
+
 }  // anonymous namespace
 
 namespace android {
@@ -989,11 +1233,34 @@
         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jint uid, jint gid, jintArray gids,
         jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray rlimits,
         jint mount_external, jstring se_info, jstring nice_name,
-        jintArray fds_to_close, jintArray fds_to_ignore, jboolean is_child_zygote,
+        jintArray managed_fds_to_close, jintArray managed_fds_to_ignore, jboolean is_child_zygote,
         jstring instruction_set, jstring app_data_dir) {
     jlong capabilities = CalculateCapabilities(env, uid, gid, gids, is_child_zygote);
 
+    if (UNLIKELY(managed_fds_to_close == nullptr)) {
+      ZygoteFailure(env, "zygote", nice_name, "Zygote received a null fds_to_close vector.");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<int> fds_to_close =
+        ExtractJIntArray(env, "zygote", nice_name, managed_fds_to_close).value();
+    std::vector<int> fds_to_ignore =
+        ExtractJIntArray(env, "zygote", nice_name, managed_fds_to_ignore)
+            .value_or(std::vector<int>());
+
+    std::vector<int> blastula_pipes = MakeBlastulaPipeReadFDVector();
+
+    fds_to_close.insert(fds_to_close.end(), blastula_pipes.begin(), blastula_pipes.end());
+    fds_to_ignore.insert(fds_to_ignore.end(), blastula_pipes.begin(), blastula_pipes.end());
+
+//    fds_to_close.push_back(gBlastulaPoolSocketFD);
+
+    if (gBlastulaPoolEventFD != -1) {
+      fds_to_close.push_back(gBlastulaPoolEventFD);
+      fds_to_ignore.push_back(gBlastulaPoolEventFD);
+    }
+
     pid_t pid = ForkCommon(env, false, fds_to_close, fds_to_ignore);
+
     if (pid == 0) {
       SpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, runtime_flags, rlimits,
                        capabilities, capabilities,
@@ -1007,9 +1274,19 @@
         JNIEnv* env, jclass, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, jintArray gids,
         jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray rlimits, jlong permitted_capabilities,
         jlong effective_capabilities) {
+  std::vector<int> fds_to_close(MakeBlastulaPipeReadFDVector()),
+                   fds_to_ignore(fds_to_close);
+
+//  fds_to_close.push_back(gBlastulaPoolSocketFD);
+
+  if (gBlastulaPoolEventFD != -1) {
+    fds_to_close.push_back(gBlastulaPoolEventFD);
+    fds_to_ignore.push_back(gBlastulaPoolEventFD);
+  }
+
   pid_t pid = ForkCommon(env, true,
-                         /* managed_fds_to_close= */ nullptr,
-                         /* managed_fds_to_ignore= */ nullptr);
+                         fds_to_close,
+                         fds_to_ignore);
   if (pid == 0) {
       SpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, runtime_flags, rlimits,
                        permitted_capabilities, effective_capabilities,
@@ -1043,6 +1320,52 @@
   return pid;
 }
 
+/**
+ * A JNI function that forks a blastula from the Zygote while ensuring proper
+ * file descriptor hygiene.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param read_pipe_fd  The read FD for the blastula reporting pipe.  Manually closed by blastlas
+ * in managed code.
+ * @param write_pipe_fd  The write FD for the blastula reporting pipe.  Manually closed by the
+ * zygote in managed code.
+ * @param managed_session_socket_fds  A list of anonymous session sockets that must be ignored by
+ * the FD hygiene code and automatically "closed" in the new blastula.
+ * @return
+ */
+static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkBlastula(JNIEnv* env, jclass,
+    jint read_pipe_fd, jint write_pipe_fd, jintArray managed_session_socket_fds) {
+  std::vector<int> fds_to_close(MakeBlastulaPipeReadFDVector()),
+                   fds_to_ignore(fds_to_close);
+
+  std::vector<int> session_socket_fds =
+      ExtractJIntArray(env, "blastula", nullptr, managed_session_socket_fds)
+          .value_or(std::vector<int>());
+
+  // The Blastula Pool Event FD is created during the initialization of the
+  // blastula pool and should always be valid here.
+
+  fds_to_close.push_back(gZygoteSocketFD);
+  fds_to_close.push_back(gBlastulaPoolEventFD);
+  fds_to_close.insert(fds_to_close.end(), session_socket_fds.begin(), session_socket_fds.end());
+
+  fds_to_ignore.push_back(gZygoteSocketFD);
+  fds_to_ignore.push_back(gBlastulaPoolSocketFD);
+  fds_to_ignore.push_back(gBlastulaPoolEventFD);
+  fds_to_ignore.push_back(read_pipe_fd);
+  fds_to_ignore.push_back(write_pipe_fd);
+  fds_to_ignore.insert(fds_to_ignore.end(), session_socket_fds.begin(), session_socket_fds.end());
+
+  pid_t blastula_pid = ForkCommon(env, /* is_system_server= */ false, fds_to_close, fds_to_ignore);
+
+  if (blastula_pid != 0) {
+    ++gBlastulaPoolCount;
+    AddBlastulaTableEntry(blastula_pid, read_pipe_fd);
+  }
+
+  return blastula_pid;
+}
+
 static void com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeAllowFileAcrossFork(
         JNIEnv* env, jclass, jstring path) {
     ScopedUtfChars path_native(env, path);
@@ -1091,6 +1414,119 @@
     UnmountTree("/storage");
 }
 
+/**
+ * Called from a blastula to specialize the process for a specific application.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param uid  User ID of the new application
+ * @param gid  Group ID of the new application
+ * @param gids  Extra groups that the process belongs to
+ * @param runtime_flags  Flags for changing the behavior of the managed runtime
+ * @param rlimits  Resource limits
+ * @param mount_external  The mode (read/write/normal) that external storage will be mounted with
+ * @param se_info  SELinux policy information
+ * @param nice_name  New name for this process
+ * @param is_child_zygote  If the process is to become a WebViewZygote
+ * @param instruction_set  The instruction set expected/requested by the new application
+ * @param app_data_dir  Path to the application's data directory
+ */
+static void com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeSpecializeBlastula(
+    JNIEnv* env, jclass, jint uid, jint gid, jintArray gids,
+    jint runtime_flags, jobjectArray rlimits,
+    jint mount_external, jstring se_info, jstring nice_name,
+    jboolean is_child_zygote, jstring instruction_set, jstring app_data_dir) {
+  jlong capabilities = CalculateCapabilities(env, uid, gid, gids, is_child_zygote);
+
+  SpecializeCommon(env, uid, gid, gids, runtime_flags, rlimits,
+                   capabilities, capabilities,
+                   mount_external, se_info, nice_name, false,
+                   is_child_zygote == JNI_TRUE, instruction_set, app_data_dir);
+}
+
+/**
+ * A helper method for fetching socket file descriptors that were opened by init from the
+ * environment.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param is_primary  If this process is the primary or secondary Zygote; used to compute the name
+ * of the environment variable storing the file descriptors.
+ */
+static void com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetSocketFDs(JNIEnv* env, jclass,
+                                                              jboolean is_primary) {
+  std::string android_socket_prefix(ANDROID_SOCKET_PREFIX);
+  std::string env_var_name = android_socket_prefix + (is_primary ? "zygote" : "zygote_secondary");
+  char* env_var_val = getenv(env_var_name.c_str());
+
+  if (env_var_val != nullptr) {
+    gZygoteSocketFD = atoi(env_var_val);
+    ALOGV("Zygote:zygoteSocketFD = %d", gZygoteSocketFD);
+  } else {
+    ALOGE("Unable to fetch Zygote socket file descriptor");
+  }
+
+  env_var_name = android_socket_prefix + (is_primary ? "blastula_pool" : "blastula_pool_secondary");
+  env_var_val = getenv(env_var_name.c_str());
+
+  if (env_var_val != nullptr) {
+    gBlastulaPoolSocketFD = atoi(env_var_val);
+    ALOGV("Zygote:blastulaPoolSocketFD = %d", gBlastulaPoolSocketFD);
+  } else {
+    ALOGE("Unable to fetch Blastula pool socket file descriptor");
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @return  A managed array of raw file descriptors for the read ends of the blastula reporting
+ * pipes.
+ */
+static jintArray com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetBlastulaPipeFDs(JNIEnv* env, jclass) {
+  std::vector<int> blastula_fds = MakeBlastulaPipeReadFDVector();
+
+  jintArray managed_blastula_fds = env->NewIntArray(blastula_fds.size());
+  env->SetIntArrayRegion(managed_blastula_fds, 0, blastula_fds.size(), blastula_fds.data());
+
+  return managed_blastula_fds;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A JNI wrapper around RemoveBlastulaTableEntry.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @param blastula_pid  Process ID of the blastula entry to invalidate
+ * @return  True if an entry was invalidated; false otherwise.
+ */
+static jboolean com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeRemoveBlastulaTableEntry(JNIEnv* env, jclass,
+                                                                              jint blastula_pid) {
+  return RemoveBlastulaTableEntry(blastula_pid);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates the blastula pool event FD if it doesn't exist and returns it.  This is used by the
+ * ZygoteServer poll loop to know when to re-fill the blastula pool.
+ *
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @return A raw event file descriptor used to communicate (from the signal handler) when the
+ * Zygote receives a SIGCHLD for a blastula
+ */
+static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetBlastulaPoolEventFD(JNIEnv* env, jclass) {
+  if (gBlastulaPoolEventFD == -1) {
+    if ((gBlastulaPoolEventFD = eventfd(0, 0)) == -1) {
+      ZygoteFailure(env, "zygote", nullptr, StringPrintf("Unable to create eventfd: %s", strerror(errno)));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return gBlastulaPoolEventFD;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @param env  Managed runtime environment
+ * @return The number of blastulas currently in the blastula pool
+ */
+static jint com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetBlastulaPoolCount(JNIEnv* env, jclass) {
+  return gBlastulaPoolCount;
+}
+
 static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
     { "nativeSecurityInit", "()V",
       (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeSecurityInit },
@@ -1104,7 +1540,22 @@
     { "nativeUnmountStorageOnInit", "()V",
       (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeUnmountStorageOnInit },
     { "nativePreApplicationInit", "()V",
-      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativePreApplicationInit }
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativePreApplicationInit },
+    { "nativeForkBlastula", "(II[I)I",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeForkBlastula },
+    { "nativeSpecializeBlastula",
+      "(II[II[[IILjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;ZLjava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeSpecializeBlastula },
+    { "nativeGetSocketFDs", "(Z)V",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetSocketFDs },
+    { "nativeGetBlastulaPipeFDs", "()[I",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetBlastulaPipeFDs },
+    { "nativeRemoveBlastulaTableEntry", "(I)Z",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeRemoveBlastulaTableEntry },
+    { "nativeGetBlastulaPoolEventFD", "()I",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetBlastulaPoolEventFD },
+    { "nativeGetBlastulaPoolCount", "()I",
+      (void *) com_android_internal_os_Zygote_nativeGetBlastulaPoolCount }
 };
 
 int register_com_android_internal_os_Zygote(JNIEnv* env) {
diff --git a/core/jni/fd_utils.cpp b/core/jni/fd_utils.cpp
index c8e4125..0ed8c0c 100644
--- a/core/jni/fd_utils.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/fd_utils.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@
   "/dev/null",
   "/dev/socket/zygote",
   "/dev/socket/zygote_secondary",
+  "/dev/socket/blastula_pool",
+  "/dev/socket/blastula_pool_secondary",
   "/dev/socket/webview_zygote",
   "/dev/socket/heapprofd",
   "/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker",
@@ -129,15 +131,14 @@
 // open zygote file descriptor.
 class FileDescriptorInfo {
  public:
-  // Create a FileDescriptorInfo for a given file descriptor. Returns
-  // |NULL| if an error occurred.
-  static FileDescriptorInfo* CreateFromFd(int fd, std::string* error_msg);
+  // Create a FileDescriptorInfo for a given file descriptor.
+  static FileDescriptorInfo* CreateFromFd(int fd, fail_fn_t fail_fn);
 
   // Checks whether the file descriptor associated with this object
   // refers to the same description.
-  bool Restat() const;
+  bool RefersToSameFile() const;
 
-  bool ReopenOrDetach(std::string* error_msg) const;
+  void ReopenOrDetach(fail_fn_t fail_fn) const;
 
   const int fd;
   const struct stat stat;
@@ -163,19 +164,18 @@
   //   address).
   static bool GetSocketName(const int fd, std::string* result);
 
-  bool DetachSocket(std::string* error_msg) const;
+  void DetachSocket(fail_fn_t fail_fn) const;
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FileDescriptorInfo);
 };
 
 // static
-FileDescriptorInfo* FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(int fd, std::string* error_msg) {
+FileDescriptorInfo* FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(int fd, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   struct stat f_stat;
   // This should never happen; the zygote should always have the right set
   // of permissions required to stat all its open files.
   if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fstat(fd, &f_stat)) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Unable to stat %d", fd);
-    return nullptr;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Unable to stat %d", fd));
   }
 
   const FileDescriptorWhitelist* whitelist = FileDescriptorWhitelist::Get();
@@ -183,15 +183,13 @@
   if (S_ISSOCK(f_stat.st_mode)) {
     std::string socket_name;
     if (!GetSocketName(fd, &socket_name)) {
-      *error_msg = "Unable to get socket name";
-      return nullptr;
+      fail_fn("Unable to get socket name");
     }
 
     if (!whitelist->IsAllowed(socket_name)) {
-      *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Socket name not whitelisted : %s (fd=%d)",
-                                               socket_name.c_str(),
-                                               fd);
-      return nullptr;
+      fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Socket name not whitelisted : %s (fd=%d)",
+                                          socket_name.c_str(),
+                                          fd));
     }
 
     return new FileDescriptorInfo(fd);
@@ -204,26 +202,35 @@
   // S_ISDIR : Not supported. (We could if we wanted to, but it's unused).
   // S_ISLINK : Not supported.
   // S_ISBLK : Not supported.
-  // S_ISFIFO : Not supported. Note that the zygote uses pipes to communicate
-  // with the child process across forks but those should have been closed
-  // before we got to this point.
+  // S_ISFIFO : Not supported. Note that the Zygote and blastulas use pipes to
+  // communicate with the child processes across forks but those should have been
+  // added to the redirection exemption list.
   if (!S_ISCHR(f_stat.st_mode) && !S_ISREG(f_stat.st_mode)) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Unsupported st_mode %u", f_stat.st_mode);
-    return nullptr;
+    std::string mode = "Unknown";
+
+    if (S_ISDIR(f_stat.st_mode)) {
+      mode = "DIR";
+    } else if (S_ISLNK(f_stat.st_mode)) {
+      mode = "LINK";
+    } else if (S_ISBLK(f_stat.st_mode)) {
+      mode = "BLOCK";
+    } else if (S_ISFIFO(f_stat.st_mode)) {
+      mode = "FIFO";
+    }
+
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Unsupported st_mode for FD %d:  %s", fd, mode.c_str()));
   }
 
   std::string file_path;
   const std::string fd_path = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
   if (!android::base::Readlink(fd_path, &file_path)) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Could not read fd link %s: %s",
-                                             fd_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return nullptr;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Could not read fd link %s: %s",
+                                        fd_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   if (!whitelist->IsAllowed(file_path)) {
-    *error_msg = std::string("Not whitelisted : ").append(file_path);
-    return nullptr;
+    fail_fn(std::string("Not whitelisted : ").append(file_path));
   }
 
   // File descriptor flags : currently on FD_CLOEXEC. We can set these
@@ -231,11 +238,10 @@
   // there won't be any races.
   const int fd_flags = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fcntl(fd, F_GETFD));
   if (fd_flags == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_GETFD) (%s): %s",
-                                             fd,
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return nullptr;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_GETFD) (%s): %s",
+                                        fd,
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   // File status flags :
@@ -252,11 +258,10 @@
   //   their presence and pass them in to open().
   int fs_flags = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fcntl(fd, F_GETFL));
   if (fs_flags == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_GETFL) (%s): %s",
-                                             fd,
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return nullptr;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_GETFL) (%s): %s",
+                                        fd,
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   // File offset : Ignore the offset for non seekable files.
@@ -271,7 +276,7 @@
   return new FileDescriptorInfo(f_stat, file_path, fd, open_flags, fd_flags, fs_flags, offset);
 }
 
-bool FileDescriptorInfo::Restat() const {
+bool FileDescriptorInfo::RefersToSameFile() const {
   struct stat f_stat;
   if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fstat(fd, &f_stat)) == -1) {
     PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to restat fd " << fd;
@@ -281,9 +286,9 @@
   return f_stat.st_ino == stat.st_ino && f_stat.st_dev == stat.st_dev;
 }
 
-bool FileDescriptorInfo::ReopenOrDetach(std::string* error_msg) const {
+void FileDescriptorInfo::ReopenOrDetach(fail_fn_t fail_fn) const {
   if (is_sock) {
-    return DetachSocket(error_msg);
+    return DetachSocket(fail_fn);
   }
 
   // NOTE: This might happen if the file was unlinked after being opened.
@@ -292,57 +297,50 @@
   const int new_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file_path.c_str(), open_flags));
 
   if (new_fd == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed open(%s, %i): %s",
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             open_flags,
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed open(%s, %i): %s",
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        open_flags,
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fcntl(new_fd, F_SETFD, fd_flags)) == -1) {
     close(new_fd);
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_SETFD, %d) (%s): %s",
-                                             new_fd,
-                                             fd_flags,
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_SETFD, %d) (%s): %s",
+                                        new_fd,
+                                        fd_flags,
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(fcntl(new_fd, F_SETFL, fs_flags)) == -1) {
     close(new_fd);
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, %d) (%s): %s",
-                                             new_fd,
-                                             fs_flags,
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed fcntl(%d, F_SETFL, %d) (%s): %s",
+                                        new_fd,
+                                        fs_flags,
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   if (offset != -1 && TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek64(new_fd, offset, SEEK_SET)) == -1) {
     close(new_fd);
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed lseek64(%d, SEEK_SET) (%s): %s",
-                                             new_fd,
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed lseek64(%d, SEEK_SET) (%s): %s",
+                                        new_fd,
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
-  int dupFlags = (fd_flags & FD_CLOEXEC) ? O_CLOEXEC : 0;
-  if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup3(new_fd, fd, dupFlags)) == -1) {
+  int dup_flags = (fd_flags & FD_CLOEXEC) ? O_CLOEXEC : 0;
+  if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup3(new_fd, fd, dup_flags)) == -1) {
     close(new_fd);
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed dup3(%d, %d, %d) (%s): %s",
-                                             fd,
-                                             new_fd,
-                                             dupFlags,
-                                             file_path.c_str(),
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed dup3(%d, %d, %d) (%s): %s",
+                                        fd,
+                                        new_fd,
+                                        dup_flags,
+                                        file_path.c_str(),
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   close(new_fd);
-
-  return true;
 }
 
 FileDescriptorInfo::FileDescriptorInfo(int fd) :
@@ -368,7 +366,6 @@
   is_sock(false) {
 }
 
-// static
 bool FileDescriptorInfo::GetSocketName(const int fd, std::string* result) {
   sockaddr_storage ss;
   sockaddr* addr = reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&ss);
@@ -412,86 +409,75 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-bool FileDescriptorInfo::DetachSocket(std::string* error_msg) const {
+void FileDescriptorInfo::DetachSocket(fail_fn_t fail_fn) const {
   const int dev_null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
   if (dev_null_fd < 0) {
-    *error_msg = std::string("Failed to open /dev/null: ").append(strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(std::string("Failed to open /dev/null: ").append(strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   if (dup2(dev_null_fd, fd) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed dup2 on socket descriptor %d: %s",
-                                             fd,
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed dup2 on socket descriptor %d: %s",
+                                        fd,
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
   if (close(dev_null_fd) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Failed close(%d): %s", dev_null_fd, strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Failed close(%d): %s", dev_null_fd, strerror(errno)));
   }
-
-  return true;
 }
 
 // static
 FileDescriptorTable* FileDescriptorTable::Create(const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore,
-                                                 std::string* error_msg) {
-  DIR* d = opendir(kFdPath);
-  if (d == nullptr) {
-    *error_msg = std::string("Unable to open directory ").append(kFdPath);
-    return nullptr;
+                                                 fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
+  DIR* proc_fd_dir = opendir(kFdPath);
+  if (proc_fd_dir == nullptr) {
+    fail_fn(std::string("Unable to open directory ").append(kFdPath));
   }
-  int dir_fd = dirfd(d);
-  dirent* e;
+
+  int dir_fd = dirfd(proc_fd_dir);
+  dirent* dir_entry;
 
   std::unordered_map<int, FileDescriptorInfo*> open_fd_map;
-  while ((e = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
-    const int fd = ParseFd(e, dir_fd);
+  while ((dir_entry = readdir(proc_fd_dir)) != nullptr) {
+    const int fd = ParseFd(dir_entry, dir_fd);
     if (fd == -1) {
       continue;
     }
+
     if (std::find(fds_to_ignore.begin(), fds_to_ignore.end(), fd) != fds_to_ignore.end()) {
       LOG(INFO) << "Ignoring open file descriptor " << fd;
       continue;
     }
 
-    FileDescriptorInfo* info = FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(fd, error_msg);
-    if (info == NULL) {
-      if (closedir(d) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to close directory";
-      }
-      return NULL;
-    }
-    open_fd_map[fd] = info;
+    open_fd_map[fd] = FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(fd, fail_fn);
   }
 
-  if (closedir(d) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = "Unable to close directory";
-    return nullptr;
+  if (closedir(proc_fd_dir) == -1) {
+    fail_fn("Unable to close directory");
   }
+
   return new FileDescriptorTable(open_fd_map);
 }
 
-bool FileDescriptorTable::Restat(const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore, std::string* error_msg) {
+void FileDescriptorTable::Restat(const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   std::set<int> open_fds;
 
   // First get the list of open descriptors.
-  DIR* d = opendir(kFdPath);
-  if (d == NULL) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Unable to open directory %s: %s",
-                                             kFdPath,
-                                             strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+  DIR* proc_fd_dir = opendir(kFdPath);
+  if (proc_fd_dir == nullptr) {
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Unable to open directory %s: %s",
+                                        kFdPath,
+                                        strerror(errno)));
   }
 
-  int dir_fd = dirfd(d);
-  dirent* e;
-  while ((e = readdir(d)) != NULL) {
-    const int fd = ParseFd(e, dir_fd);
+  int dir_fd = dirfd(proc_fd_dir);
+  dirent* dir_entry;
+  while ((dir_entry = readdir(proc_fd_dir)) != nullptr) {
+    const int fd = ParseFd(dir_entry, dir_fd);
     if (fd == -1) {
       continue;
     }
+
     if (std::find(fds_to_ignore.begin(), fds_to_ignore.end(), fd) != fds_to_ignore.end()) {
       LOG(INFO) << "Ignoring open file descriptor " << fd;
       continue;
@@ -500,27 +486,24 @@
     open_fds.insert(fd);
   }
 
-  if (closedir(d) == -1) {
-    *error_msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Unable to close directory: %s", strerror(errno));
-    return false;
+  if (closedir(proc_fd_dir) == -1) {
+    fail_fn(android::base::StringPrintf("Unable to close directory: %s", strerror(errno)));
   }
 
-  return RestatInternal(open_fds, error_msg);
+  RestatInternal(open_fds, fail_fn);
 }
 
-// Reopens all file descriptors that are contained in the table. Returns true
-// if all descriptors were successfully re-opened or detached, and false if an
-// error occurred.
-bool FileDescriptorTable::ReopenOrDetach(std::string* error_msg) {
+// Reopens all file descriptors that are contained in the table.
+void FileDescriptorTable::ReopenOrDetach(fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   std::unordered_map<int, FileDescriptorInfo*>::const_iterator it;
   for (it = open_fd_map_.begin(); it != open_fd_map_.end(); ++it) {
     const FileDescriptorInfo* info = it->second;
-    if (info == NULL || !info->ReopenOrDetach(error_msg)) {
-      return false;
+    if (info == nullptr) {
+      return;
+    } else {
+      info->ReopenOrDetach(fail_fn);
     }
   }
-
-  return true;
 }
 
 FileDescriptorTable::FileDescriptorTable(
@@ -528,9 +511,7 @@
     : open_fd_map_(map) {
 }
 
-bool FileDescriptorTable::RestatInternal(std::set<int>& open_fds, std::string* error_msg) {
-  bool error = false;
-
+void FileDescriptorTable::RestatInternal(std::set<int>& open_fds, fail_fn_t fail_fn) {
   // Iterate through the list of file descriptors we've already recorded
   // and check whether :
   //
@@ -553,28 +534,18 @@
     } else {
       // The entry from the file descriptor table is still open. Restat
       // it and check whether it refers to the same file.
-      const bool same_file = it->second->Restat();
-      if (!same_file) {
+      if (!it->second->RefersToSameFile()) {
         // The file descriptor refers to a different description. We must
         // update our entry in the table.
         delete it->second;
-        it->second = FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(*element, error_msg);
-        if (it->second == NULL) {
-          // The descriptor no longer no longer refers to a whitelisted file.
-          // We flag an error and remove it from the list of files we're
-          // tracking.
-          error = true;
-          it = open_fd_map_.erase(it);
-        } else {
-          // Successfully restatted the file, move on to the next open FD.
-          ++it;
-        }
+        it->second = FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(*element, fail_fn);
       } else {
         // It's the same file. Nothing to do here. Move on to the next open
         // FD.
-        ++it;
       }
 
+      ++it;
+
       // Finally, remove the FD from the set of open_fds. We do this last because
       // |element| will not remain valid after a call to erase.
       open_fds.erase(element);
@@ -593,25 +564,15 @@
     std::set<int>::const_iterator it;
     for (it = open_fds.begin(); it != open_fds.end(); ++it) {
       const int fd = (*it);
-      FileDescriptorInfo* info = FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(fd, error_msg);
-      if (info == NULL) {
-        // A newly opened file is not on the whitelist. Flag an error and
-        // continue.
-        error = true;
-      } else {
-        // Track the newly opened file.
-        open_fd_map_[fd] = info;
-      }
+      open_fd_map_[fd] = FileDescriptorInfo::CreateFromFd(fd, fail_fn);
     }
   }
-
-  return !error;
 }
 
 // static
-int FileDescriptorTable::ParseFd(dirent* e, int dir_fd) {
+int FileDescriptorTable::ParseFd(dirent* dir_entry, int dir_fd) {
   char* end;
-  const int fd = strtol(e->d_name, &end, 10);
+  const int fd = strtol(dir_entry->d_name, &end, 10);
   if ((*end) != '\0') {
     return -1;
   }
diff --git a/core/jni/fd_utils.h b/core/jni/fd_utils.h
index 09022a2..2caf157 100644
--- a/core/jni/fd_utils.h
+++ b/core/jni/fd_utils.h
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 
 class FileDescriptorInfo;
 
+// This type is duplicated in com_android_internal_os_Zygote.cpp
+typedef const std::function<void(std::string)>& fail_fn_t;
+
 // Whitelist of open paths that the zygote is allowed to keep open.
 //
 // In addition to the paths listed in kPathWhitelist in file_utils.cpp, and
@@ -76,19 +79,19 @@
   // /proc/self/fd for the list of open file descriptors and collects
   // information about them. Returns NULL if an error occurs.
   static FileDescriptorTable* Create(const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore,
-                                     std::string* error_msg);
+                                     fail_fn_t fail_fn);
 
-  bool Restat(const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore, std::string* error_msg);
+  void Restat(const std::vector<int>& fds_to_ignore, fail_fn_t fail_fn);
 
   // Reopens all file descriptors that are contained in the table. Returns true
   // if all descriptors were successfully re-opened or detached, and false if an
   // error occurred.
-  bool ReopenOrDetach(std::string* error_msg);
+  void ReopenOrDetach(fail_fn_t fail_fn);
 
  private:
   explicit FileDescriptorTable(const std::unordered_map<int, FileDescriptorInfo*>& map);
 
-  bool RestatInternal(std::set<int>& open_fds, std::string* error_msg);
+  void RestatInternal(std::set<int>& open_fds, fail_fn_t fail_fn);
 
   static int ParseFd(dirent* e, int dir_fd);
 
diff --git a/core/proto/android/server/connectivity/data_stall_event.proto b/core/proto/android/server/connectivity/data_stall_event.proto
index b70bb67..21717d8 100644
--- a/core/proto/android/server/connectivity/data_stall_event.proto
+++ b/core/proto/android/server/connectivity/data_stall_event.proto
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
   RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_UMTS = 3;
   RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IS95A = 4;
   RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IS95B = 5;
-  RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_1xRTT = 6;
+  RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_1XRTT = 6;
   RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_0 = 7;
   RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_A = 8;
   RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSDPA = 9;
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/config.xml b/core/res/res/values/config.xml
index 8ea2ab7..7587986 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/config.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/config.xml
@@ -122,6 +122,9 @@
          be sent during a change to the audio output device. -->
     <bool name="config_sendAudioBecomingNoisy">true</bool>
 
+    <!-- Whether Hearing Aid profile is supported -->
+    <bool name="config_hearing_aid_profile_supported">true</bool>
+
     <!-- Flag to disable all transition animations -->
     <bool name="config_disableTransitionAnimation">false</bool>
 
diff --git a/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml b/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml
index 310aaf4..8d832ca 100644
--- a/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml
+++ b/core/res/res/values/symbols.xml
@@ -434,6 +434,7 @@
   <java-symbol type="integer" name="config_bluetooth_operating_voltage_mv" />
   <java-symbol type="bool" name="config_bluetooth_pan_enable_autoconnect" />
   <java-symbol type="bool" name="config_bluetooth_reload_supported_profiles_when_enabled" />
+  <java-symbol type="bool" name="config_hearing_aid_profile_supported" />
   <java-symbol type="integer" name="config_cursorWindowSize" />
   <java-symbol type="integer" name="config_drawLockTimeoutMillis" />
   <java-symbol type="integer" name="config_doublePressOnPowerBehavior" />
diff --git a/core/tests/coretests/src/com/android/server/wm/test/filters/CoreTestsFilter.java b/core/tests/coretests/src/com/android/server/wm/test/filters/CoreTestsFilter.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..941cfdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/tests/coretests/src/com/android/server/wm/test/filters/CoreTestsFilter.java
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.wm.test.filters;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+
+import com.android.test.filters.SelectTest;
+
+/**
+ * JUnit test filter that select Window Manager Service related tests from FrameworksCoreTests.
+ *
+ * <p>Use this filter when running FrameworksCoreTests as
+ * <pre>
+ * adb shell am instrument -w \
+ *     -e filter com.android.server.wm.test.filters.CoreTestsFilter  \
+ *     -e selectTest_verbose true \
+ *     com.android.frameworks.coretests/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
+ * </pre>
+ */
+public final class CoreTestsFilter extends SelectTest {
+
+    private static final String[] SELECTED_CORE_TESTS = {
+            "android.app.servertransaction.", // all tests under the package.
+            "android.view.DisplayCutoutTest",
+    };
+
+    public CoreTestsFilter(Bundle testArgs) {
+        super(addSelectTest(testArgs, SELECTED_CORE_TESTS));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerImpl.java b/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerImpl.java
index 330ee8f..326147d 100644
--- a/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerImpl.java
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerImpl.java
@@ -527,7 +527,8 @@
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     void doUpdateMobileControllers() {
-        List<SubscriptionInfo> subscriptions = mSubscriptionManager.getActiveSubscriptionInfoList();
+        List<SubscriptionInfo> subscriptions = mSubscriptionManager
+                .getActiveSubscriptionInfoList(true);
         if (subscriptions == null) {
             subscriptions = Collections.emptyList();
         }
diff --git a/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerBaseTest.java b/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerBaseTest.java
index 35f0dba..55b4d27 100644
--- a/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerBaseTest.java
+++ b/packages/SystemUI/tests/src/com/android/systemui/statusbar/policy/NetworkControllerBaseTest.java
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@
             subs.add(subscription);
         }
         when(mMockSm.getActiveSubscriptionInfoList()).thenReturn(subs);
+        when(mMockSm.getActiveSubscriptionInfoList(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(subs);
         mNetworkController.doUpdateMobileControllers();
     }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/BluetoothManagerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/BluetoothManagerService.java
index 5ea3390..b60dd0f 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/BluetoothManagerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/BluetoothManagerService.java
@@ -208,6 +208,8 @@
     private int mErrorRecoveryRetryCounter;
     private final int mSystemUiUid;
 
+    private boolean mIsHearingAidProfileSupported;
+
     // Save a ProfileServiceConnections object for each of the bound
     // bluetooth profile services
     private final Map<Integer, ProfileServiceConnections> mProfileServices = new HashMap<>();
@@ -391,13 +393,19 @@
         mCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<IBluetoothManagerCallback>();
         mStateChangeCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<IBluetoothStateChangeCallback>();
 
+        mIsHearingAidProfileSupported = context.getResources()
+                .getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.bool.config_hearing_aid_profile_supported);
+
         // TODO: We need a more generic way to initialize the persist keys of FeatureFlagUtils
-        boolean isHearingAidEnabled;
         String value = SystemProperties.get(FeatureFlagUtils.PERSIST_PREFIX + FeatureFlagUtils.HEARING_AID_SETTINGS);
         if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
-            isHearingAidEnabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
+            boolean isHearingAidEnabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(value);
             Log.v(TAG, "set feature flag HEARING_AID_SETTINGS to " + isHearingAidEnabled);
             FeatureFlagUtils.setEnabled(context, FeatureFlagUtils.HEARING_AID_SETTINGS, isHearingAidEnabled);
+            if (isHearingAidEnabled && !mIsHearingAidProfileSupported) {
+                // Overwrite to enable support by FeatureFlag
+                mIsHearingAidProfileSupported = true;
+            }
         }
 
         IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
@@ -679,6 +687,11 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public boolean isHearingAidProfileSupported() {
+        return mIsHearingAidProfileSupported;
+    }
+
     // Monitor change of BLE scan only mode settings.
     private void registerForBleScanModeChange() {
         ContentObserver contentObserver = new ContentObserver(null) {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index aa74600..fda7279 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.LinkProperties.CompareResult;
 import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
+import android.net.NattSocketKeepalive;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkAgent;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
@@ -6185,6 +6186,17 @@
     }
 
     @Override
+    public void startNattKeepaliveWithFd(Network network, FileDescriptor fd, int resourceId,
+            int intervalSeconds, Messenger messenger, IBinder binder, String srcAddr,
+            String dstAddr) {
+        enforceKeepalivePermission();
+        mKeepaliveTracker.startNattKeepalive(
+                getNetworkAgentInfoForNetwork(network), fd, resourceId,
+                intervalSeconds, messenger, binder,
+                srcAddr, dstAddr, NattSocketKeepalive.NATT_PORT);
+    }
+
+    @Override
     public void stopKeepalive(Network network, int slot) {
         mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
                 NetworkAgent.CMD_STOP_PACKET_KEEPALIVE, slot, PacketKeepalive.SUCCESS, network));
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TelephonyRegistry.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TelephonyRegistry.java
index 122112b..1798f38 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/TelephonyRegistry.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/TelephonyRegistry.java
@@ -2116,6 +2116,16 @@
                     android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRECISE_PHONE_STATE, null);
         }
 
+        if ((events & PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_RADIO_POWER_STATE_CHANGED) != 0) {
+            mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                    android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE, null);
+        }
+
+        if ((events & PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_VOICE_ACTIVATION_STATE) != 0) {
+            mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(
+                    android.Manifest.permission.READ_PRIVILEGED_PHONE_STATE, null);
+        }
+
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
index ec7947e..f59f188 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java
@@ -89,7 +89,6 @@
 import static android.os.Process.SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK;
 import static android.os.Process.SE_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.SHELL_UID;
-import static android.os.Process.SIGNAL_QUIT;
 import static android.os.Process.SIGNAL_USR1;
 import static android.os.Process.SYSTEM_UID;
 import static android.os.Process.THREAD_GROUP_BG_NONINTERACTIVE;
@@ -98,6 +97,7 @@
 import static android.os.Process.THREAD_GROUP_TOP_APP;
 import static android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND;
 import static android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.os.Process.ZYGOTE_PROCESS;
 import static android.os.Process.getFreeMemory;
 import static android.os.Process.getTotalMemory;
 import static android.os.Process.isThreadInProcess;
@@ -112,7 +112,6 @@
 import static android.os.Process.setThreadPriority;
 import static android.os.Process.setThreadScheduler;
 import static android.os.Process.startWebView;
-import static android.os.Process.zygoteProcess;
 import static android.os.Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.ALWAYS_FINISH_ACTIVITIES;
 import static android.provider.Settings.Global.DEBUG_APP;
@@ -127,6 +126,12 @@
 import static android.text.format.DateUtils.DAY_IN_MILLIS;
 import static android.view.Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
 import static android.view.Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
+import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_ACTIVITY_OPEN;
+import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_NONE;
+import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_TASK_IN_PLACE;
+import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_TASK_OPEN;
+import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_TASK_TO_FRONT;
+
 import static com.android.internal.util.XmlUtils.readBooleanAttribute;
 import static com.android.internal.util.XmlUtils.readIntAttribute;
 import static com.android.internal.util.XmlUtils.readLongAttribute;
@@ -197,19 +202,15 @@
 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityStackSupervisor.ON_TOP;
 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityStackSupervisor.PRESERVE_WINDOWS;
 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityStackSupervisor.REMOVE_FROM_RECENTS;
-import static com.android.server.am.MemoryStatUtil.readMemoryStatFromFilesystem;
 import static com.android.server.am.MemoryStatUtil.hasMemcg;
+import static com.android.server.am.MemoryStatUtil.readMemoryStatFromFilesystem;
 import static com.android.server.am.TaskRecord.INVALID_TASK_ID;
 import static com.android.server.am.TaskRecord.LOCK_TASK_AUTH_DONT_LOCK;
 import static com.android.server.am.TaskRecord.REPARENT_KEEP_STACK_AT_FRONT;
 import static com.android.server.am.TaskRecord.REPARENT_LEAVE_STACK_IN_PLACE;
-import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_ACTIVITY_OPEN;
-import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_NONE;
-import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_TASK_IN_PLACE;
-import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_TASK_OPEN;
-import static android.view.WindowManager.TRANSIT_TASK_TO_FRONT;
-import static com.android.server.wm.RecentsAnimationController.REORDER_MOVE_TO_ORIGINAL_POSITION;
 import static com.android.server.wm.RecentsAnimationController.REORDER_KEEP_IN_PLACE;
+import static com.android.server.wm.RecentsAnimationController.REORDER_MOVE_TO_ORIGINAL_POSITION;
+
 import static org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT;
 import static org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser.START_TAG;
 
@@ -326,7 +327,6 @@
 import android.os.DropBoxManager;
 import android.os.Environment;
 import android.os.FactoryTest;
-import android.os.FileObserver;
 import android.os.FileUtils;
 import android.os.Handler;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -416,12 +416,12 @@
 import com.android.internal.os.BackgroundThread;
 import com.android.internal.os.BatteryStatsImpl;
 import com.android.internal.os.BinderInternal;
-import com.android.internal.os.logging.MetricsLoggerWrapper;
 import com.android.internal.os.ByteTransferPipe;
 import com.android.internal.os.IResultReceiver;
 import com.android.internal.os.ProcessCpuTracker;
 import com.android.internal.os.TransferPipe;
 import com.android.internal.os.Zygote;
+import com.android.internal.os.logging.MetricsLoggerWrapper;
 import com.android.internal.policy.IKeyguardDismissCallback;
 import com.android.internal.policy.KeyguardDismissCallback;
 import com.android.internal.telephony.TelephonyIntents;
@@ -448,17 +448,16 @@
 import com.android.server.SystemServiceManager;
 import com.android.server.ThreadPriorityBooster;
 import com.android.server.Watchdog;
-import com.android.server.am.ActivityStack.ActivityState;
-import com.android.server.am.MemoryStatUtil.MemoryStat;
-import com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerServiceProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerServiceDumpActivitiesProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerServiceDumpBroadcastsProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerServiceDumpProcessesProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerServiceDumpProcessesProto.UidObserverRegistrationProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerServiceDumpServicesProto;
+import com.android.server.am.ActivityStack.ActivityState;
 import com.android.server.am.GrantUriProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ImportanceTokenProto;
 import com.android.server.am.MemInfoDumpProto;
+import com.android.server.am.MemoryStatUtil.MemoryStat;
 import com.android.server.am.NeededUriGrantsProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ProcessOomProto;
 import com.android.server.am.ProcessToGcProto;
@@ -475,12 +474,12 @@
 
 import dalvik.system.VMRuntime;
 
-import libcore.io.IoUtils;
-import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
-
 import com.google.android.collect.Lists;
 import com.google.android.collect.Maps;
 
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
+
 import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
 import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
 import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
@@ -2958,7 +2957,7 @@
                             ? Collections.emptyList()
                             : Arrays.asList(exemptions.split(","));
                 }
-                if (!zygoteProcess.setApiBlacklistExemptions(mExemptions)) {
+                if (!ZYGOTE_PROCESS.setApiBlacklistExemptions(mExemptions)) {
                   Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to set API blacklist exemptions!");
                   // leave mExemptionsStr as is, so we don't try to send the same list again.
                   mExemptions = Collections.emptyList();
@@ -2971,7 +2970,7 @@
             }
             if (logSampleRate != -1 && logSampleRate != mLogSampleRate) {
                 mLogSampleRate = logSampleRate;
-                zygoteProcess.setHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(mLogSampleRate);
+                ZYGOTE_PROCESS.setHiddenApiAccessLogSampleRate(mLogSampleRate);
             }
             mPolicy = getValidEnforcementPolicy(Settings.Global.HIDDEN_API_POLICY);
         }
@@ -7882,7 +7881,7 @@
 
         ArraySet<String> completedIsas = new ArraySet<String>();
         for (String abi : Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS) {
-            zygoteProcess.establishZygoteConnectionForAbi(abi);
+            ZYGOTE_PROCESS.establishZygoteConnectionForAbi(abi);
             final String instructionSet = VMRuntime.getInstructionSet(abi);
             if (!completedIsas.contains(instructionSet)) {
                 try {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
index 8a3cdca..1559ba8 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/KeepaliveTracker.java
@@ -16,40 +16,49 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity;
 
-import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
-import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
-import com.android.server.connectivity.NetworkAgentInfo;
-import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
+// TODO: Clean up imports and remove references of PacketKeepalive constants.
+
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.MIN_INTERVAL;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.NATT_PORT;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.NO_KEEPALIVE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.CMD_START_PACKET_KEEPALIVE;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.CMD_STOP_PACKET_KEEPALIVE;
+import static android.net.NetworkAgent.EVENT_PACKET_KEEPALIVE;
+import static android.net.SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive;
 import android.net.KeepalivePacketData;
-import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.NetworkAgent;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.util.IpUtils;
 import android.os.Binder;
-import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
 import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.Messenger;
 import android.os.Process;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
-import android.system.OsConstants;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.Pair;
 
-import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
-import java.nio.ByteOrder;
-import java.net.Inet4Address;
-import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import com.android.internal.util.HexDump;
+import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.PacketKeepalive.*;
-import static android.net.NetworkAgent.CMD_START_PACKET_KEEPALIVE;
-import static android.net.NetworkAgent.CMD_STOP_PACKET_KEEPALIVE;
-import static android.net.NetworkAgent.EVENT_PACKET_KEEPALIVE;
-
 /**
  * Manages packet keepalive requests.
  *
@@ -300,7 +309,9 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void handleEventPacketKeepalive(NetworkAgentInfo nai, Message message) {
+    /** Handle keepalive events from lower layer. */
+    public void handleEventPacketKeepalive(@NonNull NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @NonNull Message message) {
         int slot = message.arg1;
         int reason = message.arg2;
 
@@ -330,8 +341,18 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void startNattKeepalive(NetworkAgentInfo nai, int intervalSeconds, Messenger messenger,
-            IBinder binder, String srcAddrString, int srcPort, String dstAddrString, int dstPort) {
+    /**
+     * Called when requesting that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket. See
+     * {@link android.net.SocketKeepalive}.
+     **/
+    public void startNattKeepalive(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            int intervalSeconds,
+            @NonNull Messenger messenger,
+            @NonNull IBinder binder,
+            @NonNull String srcAddrString,
+            int srcPort,
+            @NonNull String dstAddrString,
+            int dstPort) {
         if (nai == null) {
             notifyMessenger(messenger, NO_KEEPALIVE, ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
             return;
@@ -360,6 +381,56 @@
                 NetworkAgent.CMD_START_PACKET_KEEPALIVE, ki).sendToTarget();
     }
 
+   /**
+    * Called when requesting that keepalives be started on a IPsec NAT-T socket. This function is
+    * identical to {@link #startNattKeepalive}, but also takes a {@code resourceId}, which is the
+    * resource index bound to the {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket} when creating by
+    * {@link com.android.server.IpSecService} to verify whether the given
+    * {@link UdpEncapsulationSocket} is legitimate.
+    **/
+    public void startNattKeepalive(@Nullable NetworkAgentInfo nai,
+            @Nullable FileDescriptor fd,
+            int resourceId,
+            int intervalSeconds,
+            @NonNull Messenger messenger,
+            @NonNull IBinder binder,
+            @NonNull String srcAddrString,
+            @NonNull String dstAddrString,
+            int dstPort) {
+        // Ensure that the socket is created by IpSecService.
+        if (!isNattKeepaliveSocketValid(fd, resourceId)) {
+            notifyMessenger(messenger, NO_KEEPALIVE, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Get src port to adopt old API.
+        int srcPort = 0;
+        try {
+            final SocketAddress srcSockAddr = Os.getsockname(fd);
+            srcPort = ((InetSocketAddress) srcSockAddr).getPort();
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            notifyMessenger(messenger, NO_KEEPALIVE, ERROR_INVALID_SOCKET);
+        }
+
+        // Forward request to old API.
+        startNattKeepalive(nai, intervalSeconds, messenger, binder, srcAddrString, srcPort,
+                dstAddrString, dstPort);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verify if the IPsec NAT-T file descriptor and resource Id hold for IPsec keepalive is valid.
+     **/
+    public static boolean isNattKeepaliveSocketValid(@Nullable FileDescriptor fd, int resourceId) {
+        // TODO: 1. confirm whether the fd is called from system api or created by IpSecService.
+        //       2. If the fd is created from the system api, check that it's bounded. And
+        //          call dup to keep the fd open.
+        //       3. If the fd is created from IpSecService, check if the resource ID is valid. And
+        //          hold the resource needed in IpSecService.
+        if (null == fd) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
     public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter pw) {
         pw.println("Packet keepalives:");
         pw.increaseIndent();
diff --git a/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java b/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
index 0569b91..3ecbd47 100644
--- a/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
+++ b/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
@@ -803,7 +803,7 @@
                     TimingsTraceLog traceLog = new TimingsTraceLog(
                             SYSTEM_SERVER_TIMING_ASYNC_TAG, Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
                     traceLog.traceBegin(SECONDARY_ZYGOTE_PRELOAD);
-                    if (!Process.zygoteProcess.preloadDefault(Build.SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS[0])) {
+                    if (!Process.ZYGOTE_PROCESS.preloadDefault(Build.SUPPORTED_32_BIT_ABIS[0])) {
                         Slog.e(TAG, "Unable to preload default resources");
                     }
                     traceLog.traceEnd();
diff --git a/services/tests/wmtests/Android.bp b/services/tests/wmtests/Android.bp
index c034c38..6fae9a5 100644
--- a/services/tests/wmtests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/tests/wmtests/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
+        "frameworks-base-testutils",
         "androidx.test.runner",
         "mockito-target-minus-junit4",
         "platform-test-annotations",
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/provider/Telephony.java b/telephony/java/android/provider/Telephony.java
index 51532bc..fb8f3e7 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/provider/Telephony.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/provider/Telephony.java
@@ -2311,6 +2311,9 @@
 
         /**
          * Contains message parts.
+         *
+         * To avoid issues where applications might cache a part ID, the ID of a deleted part must
+         * not be reused to point at a new part.
          */
         public static final class Part implements BaseColumns {
 
@@ -2322,6 +2325,12 @@
             }
 
             /**
+             * The {@code content://} style URL for this table. Can be appended with a part ID to
+             * address individual parts.
+             */
+            public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.withAppendedPath(Mms.CONTENT_URI, "part");
+
+            /**
              * The identifier of the message which this part belongs to.
              * <P>Type: INTEGER</P>
              */
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/telephony/DataFailCause.java b/telephony/java/android/telephony/DataFailCause.java
index 85c53f2..ca264f7 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/telephony/DataFailCause.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/telephony/DataFailCause.java
@@ -961,6 +961,13 @@
     /** @hide */
     public static final int RESET_BY_FRAMEWORK = 0x10005;
 
+    /**
+     * Data handover failed.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int HANDOVER_FAILED = 0x10006;
+
     /** @hide */
     @IntDef(value = {
             NONE,
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/telephony/ServiceState.java b/telephony/java/android/telephony/ServiceState.java
index 15562d1..c89496e 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/telephony/ServiceState.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/telephony/ServiceState.java
@@ -1411,47 +1411,49 @@
     }
 
     /** @hide */
-    public static int rilRadioTechnologyToNetworkType(@RilRadioTechnology int rt) {
-        switch(rt) {
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_GPRS:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GPRS;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EDGE:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EDGE;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_UMTS:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSDPA:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSDPA;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSUPA:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSUPA;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSPA:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSPA;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IS95A:
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IS95B:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_CDMA;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_1xRTT:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_1xRTT;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_0:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_0;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_A:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_A;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_B:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_B;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EHRPD:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EHRPD;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_LTE:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSPAP:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSPAP;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_GSM:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GSM;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_TD_SCDMA:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_TD_SCDMA;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IWLAN:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_IWLAN;
-        case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_LTE_CA:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE_CA;
-        default:
-            return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+    public static int rilRadioTechnologyToNetworkType(@RilRadioTechnology int rat) {
+        switch(rat) {
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_GPRS:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GPRS;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EDGE:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EDGE;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_UMTS:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UMTS;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSDPA:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSDPA;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSUPA:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSUPA;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSPA:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSPA;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IS95A:
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IS95B:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_CDMA;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_1xRTT:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_1xRTT;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_0:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_0;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_A:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_A;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EVDO_B:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EVDO_B;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_EHRPD:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_EHRPD;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_LTE:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_HSPAP:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_HSPAP;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_GSM:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_GSM;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_TD_SCDMA:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_TD_SCDMA;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_IWLAN:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_IWLAN;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_LTE_CA:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_LTE_CA;
+            case ServiceState.RIL_RADIO_TECHNOLOGY_NR:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_NR;
+            default:
+                return TelephonyManager.NETWORK_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/telephony/SmsManager.java b/telephony/java/android/telephony/SmsManager.java
index 1378bb0..d777bf1 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/telephony/SmsManager.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/telephony/SmsManager.java
@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@
 import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.app.ActivityThread;
 import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothMapClient;
+import android.bluetooth.BluetoothProfile;
 import android.content.ActivityNotFoundException;
 import android.content.ContentValues;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -32,6 +36,7 @@
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
+import android.telecom.PhoneAccount;
 import android.text.TextUtils;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
 import android.util.Log;
@@ -61,6 +66,8 @@
  */
 public final class SmsManager {
     private static final String TAG = "SmsManager";
+    private static final boolean DBG = false;
+
     /**
      * A psuedo-subId that represents the default subId at any given time. The actual subId it
      * represents changes as the default subId is changed.
@@ -339,6 +346,44 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid message body");
         }
 
+        // A Manager code accessing another manager is *not* acceptable, in Android.
+        // In this particular case, it is unavoidable because of the following:
+        // If the subscription for this SmsManager instance belongs to a remote SIM
+        // then a listener to get BluetoothMapClient proxy needs to be started up.
+        // Doing that is possible only in a foreground thread or as a system user.
+        // i.e., Can't be done in ISms service.
+        // For that reason, SubscriptionManager needs to be accessed here to determine
+        // if the subscription belongs to a remote SIM.
+        // Ideally, there should be another API in ISms to service messages going thru
+        // remote SIM subscriptions (and ISms should be tweaked to be able to access
+        // BluetoothMapClient proxy)
+        Context context = ActivityThread.currentApplication().getApplicationContext();
+        SubscriptionManager manager = (SubscriptionManager) context
+                .getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SUBSCRIPTION_SERVICE);
+        int subId = getSubscriptionId();
+        SubscriptionInfo info = manager.getActiveSubscriptionInfo(subId);
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "for subId: " + subId + ", subscription-info: " + info);
+        }
+        if (info == null) {
+            // There is no subscription for the given subId. That can only mean one thing:
+            // the caller is using a SmsManager instance with an obsolete subscription id.
+            // That is most probably because caller didn't invalidate SmsManager instance
+            // for an already deleted subscription id.
+            Log.e(TAG, "subId: " + subId + " for this SmsManager instance is obsolete.");
+            sendErrorInPendingIntent(sentIntent, SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE);
+        }
+
+        /* If the Subscription associated with this SmsManager instance belongs to a remote-sim,
+         * then send the message thru the remote-sim subscription.
+         */
+        if (info.getSubscriptionType() == SubscriptionManager.SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "sending message thru bluetooth");
+            sendTextMessageBluetooth(destinationAddress, scAddress, text, sentIntent,
+                    deliveryIntent, info);
+            return;
+        }
+
         try {
             ISms iccISms = getISmsServiceOrThrow();
             iccISms.sendTextForSubscriber(getSubscriptionId(), ActivityThread.currentPackageName(),
@@ -350,6 +395,79 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private void sendTextMessageBluetooth(String destAddr, String scAddress,
+            String text, PendingIntent sentIntent, PendingIntent deliveryIntent,
+            SubscriptionInfo info) {
+        BluetoothAdapter btAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
+        if (btAdapter == null) {
+            // No bluetooth service on this platform?
+            sendErrorInPendingIntent(sentIntent, SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE);
+            return;
+        }
+        BluetoothDevice device = btAdapter.getRemoteDevice(info.getIccId());
+        if (device == null) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Bluetooth device addr invalid: " + info.getIccId());
+            sendErrorInPendingIntent(sentIntent, SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE);
+            return;
+        }
+        btAdapter.getProfileProxy(ActivityThread.currentApplication().getApplicationContext(),
+                new MapMessageSender(destAddr, text, device, sentIntent, deliveryIntent),
+                BluetoothProfile.MAP_CLIENT);
+    }
+
+    private class MapMessageSender implements BluetoothProfile.ServiceListener {
+        final Uri[] mDestAddr;
+        private String mMessage;
+        final BluetoothDevice mDevice;
+        final PendingIntent mSentIntent;
+        final PendingIntent mDeliveryIntent;
+        MapMessageSender(final String destAddr, final String message, final BluetoothDevice device,
+                final PendingIntent sentIntent, final PendingIntent deliveryIntent) {
+            super();
+            mDestAddr = new Uri[] {new Uri.Builder()
+                    .appendPath(destAddr)
+                    .scheme(PhoneAccount.SCHEME_TEL)
+                    .build()};
+            mMessage = message;
+            mDevice = device;
+            mSentIntent = sentIntent;
+            mDeliveryIntent = deliveryIntent;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceConnected(int profile, BluetoothProfile proxy) {
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Service connected");
+            if (profile != BluetoothProfile.MAP_CLIENT) return;
+            BluetoothMapClient mapProfile = (BluetoothMapClient) proxy;
+            if (mMessage != null) {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Sending message thru bluetooth");
+                mapProfile.sendMessage(mDevice, mDestAddr, mMessage, mSentIntent, mDeliveryIntent);
+                mMessage = null;
+            }
+            BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()
+                    .closeProfileProxy(BluetoothProfile.MAP_CLIENT, mapProfile);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onServiceDisconnected(int profile) {
+            if (mMessage != null) {
+                if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "Bluetooth disconnected before sending the message");
+                sendErrorInPendingIntent(mSentIntent, SmsManager.RESULT_ERROR_NO_SERVICE);
+                mMessage = null;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void sendErrorInPendingIntent(PendingIntent intent, int errorCode) {
+        try {
+            intent.send(errorCode);
+        } catch (PendingIntent.CanceledException e) {
+            // PendingIntent is cancelled. ignore sending this error code back to
+            // caller.
+            if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "PendingIntent.CanceledException: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Send a text based SMS without writing it into the SMS Provider.
      *
@@ -888,8 +1006,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-
-
     /**
      * Get the SmsManager associated with the default subscription id. The instance will always be
      * associated with the default subscription id, even if the default subscription id is changed.
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionInfo.java b/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionInfo.java
index 4a25818..4e4ef4d 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionInfo.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionInfo.java
@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@
     private int mProfileClass;
 
     /**
+     * Type of subscription
+     */
+    private int mSubscriptionType;
+
+    /**
      * @hide
      */
     public SubscriptionInfo(int id, String iccId, int simSlotIndex, CharSequence displayName,
@@ -206,7 +211,8 @@
             @Nullable String groupUUID, boolean isMetered, int carrierId, int profileClass) {
         this(id, iccId, simSlotIndex, displayName, carrierName, nameSource, iconTint, number,
                 roaming, icon, mcc, mnc, countryIso, isEmbedded, accessRules, cardString, -1,
-                isOpportunistic, groupUUID, isMetered, false, carrierId, profileClass);
+                isOpportunistic, groupUUID, isMetered, false, carrierId, profileClass,
+                SubscriptionManager.SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@
             Bitmap icon, String mcc, String mnc, String countryIso, boolean isEmbedded,
             @Nullable UiccAccessRule[] accessRules, String cardString, int cardId,
             boolean isOpportunistic, @Nullable String groupUUID, boolean isMetered,
-            boolean isGroupDisabled, int carrierid, int profileClass) {
+            boolean isGroupDisabled, int carrierId, int profileClass, int subType) {
         this.mId = id;
         this.mIccId = iccId;
         this.mSimSlotIndex = simSlotIndex;
@@ -239,11 +245,11 @@
         this.mGroupUUID = groupUUID;
         this.mIsMetered = isMetered;
         this.mIsGroupDisabled = isGroupDisabled;
-        this.mCarrierId = carrierid;
+        this.mCarrierId = carrierId;
         this.mProfileClass = profileClass;
+        this.mSubscriptionType = subType;
     }
 
-
     /**
      * @return the subscription ID.
      */
@@ -487,6 +493,16 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * This method returns the type of a subscription. It can be
+     * {@link SubscriptionManager#SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM} or
+     * {@link SubscriptionManager#SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM}.
+     * @return the type of subscription
+     */
+    public @SubscriptionManager.SubscriptionType int getSubscriptionType() {
+        return mSubscriptionType;
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Checks whether the app with the given context is authorized to manage this subscription
      * according to its metadata. Only supported for embedded subscriptions (if {@link #isEmbedded}
      * returns true).
@@ -611,11 +627,12 @@
             boolean isGroupDisabled = source.readBoolean();
             int carrierid = source.readInt();
             int profileClass = source.readInt();
+            int subType = source.readInt();
 
             return new SubscriptionInfo(id, iccId, simSlotIndex, displayName, carrierName,
                     nameSource, iconTint, number, dataRoaming, iconBitmap, mcc, mnc, countryIso,
                     isEmbedded, accessRules, cardString, cardId, isOpportunistic, groupUUID,
-                    isMetered, isGroupDisabled, carrierid, profileClass);
+                    isMetered, isGroupDisabled, carrierid, profileClass, subType);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -649,6 +666,7 @@
         dest.writeBoolean(mIsGroupDisabled);
         dest.writeInt(mCarrierId);
         dest.writeInt(mProfileClass);
+        dest.writeInt(mSubscriptionType);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -685,7 +703,8 @@
                 + " cardString=" + cardStringToPrint + " cardId=" + mCardId
                 + " isOpportunistic " + mIsOpportunistic + " mGroupUUID=" + mGroupUUID
                 + " isMetered=" + mIsMetered + " mIsGroupDisabled=" + mIsGroupDisabled
-                + " profileClass=" + mProfileClass + "}";
+                + " profileClass=" + mProfileClass
+                + " subscriptionType=" + mSubscriptionType + "}";
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionManager.java b/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionManager.java
index 6724c034..845d23e 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionManager.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/telephony/SubscriptionManager.java
@@ -247,7 +247,9 @@
     public static final String UNIQUE_KEY_SUBSCRIPTION_ID = "_id";
 
     /**
-     * TelephonyProvider column name for SIM ICC Identifier
+     * TelephonyProvider column name for a unique identifier for the subscription within the
+     * specific subscription type. For example, it contains SIM ICC Identifier subscriptions
+     * on Local SIMs. and Mac-address for Remote-SIM Subscriptions for Bluetooth devices.
      * <P>Type: TEXT (String)</P>
      */
     /** @hide */
@@ -265,6 +267,63 @@
     public static final int SIM_NOT_INSERTED = -1;
 
     /**
+     * The slot-index for Bluetooth Remote-SIM subscriptions
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public static final int SLOT_INDEX_FOR_REMOTE_SIM_SUB = INVALID_SIM_SLOT_INDEX;
+
+    /**
+     * TelephonyProvider column name Subscription-type.
+     * <P>Type: INTEGER (int)</P> {@link #SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM} for Local-SIM Subscriptions,
+     * {@link #SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM} for Remote-SIM Subscriptions.
+     * Default value is 0.
+     */
+    /** @hide */
+    public static final String SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE = "subscription_type";
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is to designate a subscription as a Local-SIM Subscription.
+     * <p> A Local-SIM can be a physical SIM inserted into a sim-slot in the device, or eSIM on the
+     * device.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public static final int SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * This constant is to designate a subscription as a Remote-SIM Subscription.
+     * <p>
+     * A Remote-SIM subscription is for a SIM on a phone connected to this device via some
+     * connectivity mechanism, for example bluetooth. Similar to Local SIM, this subscription can
+     * be used for SMS, Voice and data by proxying data through the connected device.
+     * Certain data of the SIM, such as IMEI, are not accessible for Remote SIMs.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * A Remote-SIM is available only as long the phone stays connected to this device.
+     * When the phone disconnects, Remote-SIM subscription is removed from this device and is
+     * no longer known. All data associated with the subscription, such as stored SMS, call logs,
+     * contacts etc, are removed from this device.
+     * </p>
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * If the phone re-connects to this device, a new Remote-SIM subscription is created for
+     * the phone. The Subscription Id associated with the new subscription is different from
+     * the Subscription Id of the previous Remote-SIM subscription created (and removed) for the
+     * phone; i.e., new Remote-SIM subscription treats the reconnected phone as a Remote-SIM that
+     * was never seen before.
+     * </p>
+     */
+    public static final int SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM = 1;
+
+    /** @hide */
+    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
+    @IntDef(prefix = {"SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_"},
+        value = {
+            SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM,
+            SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM})
+    public @interface SubscriptionType {}
+
+    /**
      * TelephonyProvider column name for user displayed name.
      * <P>Type: TEXT (String)</P>
      */
@@ -1146,7 +1205,7 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Get the SubscriptionInfo(s) of the currently inserted SIM(s). The records will be sorted
+     * Get the SubscriptionInfo(s) of the currently active SIM(s). The records will be sorted
      * by {@link SubscriptionInfo#getSimSlotIndex} then by {@link SubscriptionInfo#getSubscriptionId}.
      *
      * <p>Requires Permission: {@link android.Manifest.permission#READ_PHONE_STATE READ_PHONE_STATE}
@@ -1428,17 +1487,7 @@
             logd("[addSubscriptionInfoRecord]- invalid slotIndex");
         }
 
-        try {
-            ISub iSub = ISub.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("isub"));
-            if (iSub != null) {
-                // FIXME: This returns 1 on success, 0 on error should should we return it?
-                iSub.addSubInfoRecord(iccId, slotIndex);
-            } else {
-                logd("[addSubscriptionInfoRecord]- ISub service is null");
-            }
-        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
-            // ignore it
-        }
+        addSubscriptionInfoRecord(iccId, null, slotIndex, SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_LOCAL_SIM);
 
         // FIXME: Always returns null?
         return null;
@@ -1446,6 +1495,79 @@
     }
 
     /**
+     * Add a new SubscriptionInfo to SubscriptionInfo database if needed
+     * @param uniqueId This is the unique identifier for the subscription within the
+     *                 specific subscription type.
+     * @param displayName human-readable name of the device the subscription corresponds to.
+     * @param slotIndex the slot assigned to this subscription. It is ignored for subscriptionType
+     *                  of {@link #SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE_REMOTE_SIM}.
+     * @param subscriptionType the {@link #SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE}
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void addSubscriptionInfoRecord(String uniqueId, String displayName, int slotIndex,
+            int subscriptionType) {
+        if (VDBG) {
+            logd("[addSubscriptionInfoRecord]+ uniqueId:" + uniqueId
+                    + ", displayName:" + displayName + ", slotIndex:" + slotIndex
+                    + ", subscriptionType: " + subscriptionType);
+        }
+        if (uniqueId == null) {
+            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "[addSubscriptionInfoRecord]- uniqueId is null");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ISub iSub = ISub.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("isub"));
+            if (iSub == null) {
+                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "[addSubscriptionInfoRecord]- ISub service is null");
+                return;
+            }
+            int result = iSub.addSubInfo(uniqueId, displayName, slotIndex, subscriptionType);
+            if (result < 0) {
+                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Adding of subscription didn't succeed: error = " + result);
+            } else {
+                logd("successfully added new subscription");
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+            // ignore it
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove SubscriptionInfo record from the SubscriptionInfo database
+     * @param uniqueId This is the unique identifier for the subscription within the specific
+     *                 subscription type.
+     * @param subscriptionType the {@link #SUBSCRIPTION_TYPE}
+     * @hide
+     */
+    public void removeSubscriptionInfoRecord(String uniqueId, int subscriptionType) {
+        if (VDBG) {
+            logd("[removeSubscriptionInfoRecord]+ uniqueId:" + uniqueId
+                    + ", subscriptionType: " + subscriptionType);
+        }
+        if (uniqueId == null) {
+            Log.e(LOG_TAG, "[addSubscriptionInfoRecord]- uniqueId is null");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        try {
+            ISub iSub = ISub.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("isub"));
+            if (iSub == null) {
+                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "[removeSubscriptionInfoRecord]- ISub service is null");
+                return;
+            }
+            int result = iSub.removeSubInfo(uniqueId, subscriptionType);
+            if (result < 0) {
+                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Removal of subscription didn't succeed: error = " + result);
+            } else {
+                logd("successfully removed subscription");
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException ex) {
+            // ignore it
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
      * Set SIM icon tint color by simInfo index
      * @param tint the RGB value of icon tint color of the SIM
      * @param subId the unique SubInfoRecord index in database
diff --git a/telephony/java/android/telephony/TelephonyManager.java b/telephony/java/android/telephony/TelephonyManager.java
index 5124205..b9ffd4d 100644
--- a/telephony/java/android/telephony/TelephonyManager.java
+++ b/telephony/java/android/telephony/TelephonyManager.java
@@ -835,6 +835,7 @@
      * @see TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_LTE
      * @see TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_EHRPD
      * @see TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_HSPAP
+     * @see TelephonyManager#NETWORK_TYPE_NR
      *
      * <p class="note">
      * Retrieve with
@@ -2306,6 +2307,7 @@
      * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_LTE
      * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_EHRPD
      * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_HSPAP
+     * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_NR
      *
      * @hide
      */
@@ -2357,6 +2359,7 @@
      * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_LTE
      * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_EHRPD
      * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_HSPAP
+     * @see #NETWORK_TYPE_NR
      */
     @SuppressAutoDoc // Blocked by b/72967236 - no support for carrier privileges
     @RequiresPermission(android.Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)
@@ -2543,6 +2546,8 @@
                 return "IWLAN";
             case NETWORK_TYPE_LTE_CA:
                 return "LTE_CA";
+            case NETWORK_TYPE_NR:
+                return "NR";
             default:
                 return "UNKNOWN";
         }
diff --git a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/ISub.aidl b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/ISub.aidl
index 577ddbd..04ec3d1 100755
--- a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/ISub.aidl
+++ b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/ISub.aidl
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
     /**
      * Get the active SubscriptionInfo associated with the slotIndex
      * @param slotIndex the slot which the subscription is inserted
-     * @param callingPackage The package maing the call.
-     * @return SubscriptionInfo, maybe null if its not active
+     * @param callingPackage The package making the call.
+     * @return SubscriptionInfo, null for Remote-SIMs or non-active slotIndex.
      */
     SubscriptionInfo getActiveSubscriptionInfoForSimSlotIndex(int slotIndex, String callingPackage);
 
@@ -115,6 +115,26 @@
     int addSubInfoRecord(String iccId, int slotIndex);
 
     /**
+     * Add a new subscription info record, if needed
+     * @param uniqueId This is the unique identifier for the subscription within the specific
+     *                 subscription type.
+     * @param displayName human-readable name of the device the subscription corresponds to.
+     * @param slotIndex the slot assigned to this device
+     * @param subscriptionType the type of subscription to be added.
+     * @return 0 if success, < 0 on error.
+     */
+    int addSubInfo(String uniqueId, String displayName, int slotIndex, int subscriptionType);
+
+    /**
+     * Remove subscription info record for the given device.
+     * @param uniqueId This is the unique identifier for the subscription within the specific
+     *                      subscription type.
+     * @param subscriptionType the type of subscription to be removed
+     * @return 0 if success, < 0 on error.
+     */
+    int removeSubInfo(String uniqueId, int subscriptionType);
+
+    /**
      * Set SIM icon tint color by simInfo index
      * @param tint the icon tint color of the SIM
      * @param subId the unique SubscriptionInfo index in database
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index dda4481..b5d5f61 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -107,6 +107,8 @@
 import android.net.INetworkStatsService;
 import android.net.InterfaceConfiguration;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
+import android.net.IpSecManager;
+import android.net.IpSecManager.UdpEncapsulationSocket;
 import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.MatchAllNetworkSpecifier;
@@ -122,6 +124,7 @@
 import android.net.NetworkStack;
 import android.net.NetworkUtils;
 import android.net.RouteInfo;
+import android.net.SocketKeepalive;
 import android.net.UidRange;
 import android.net.metrics.IpConnectivityLog;
 import android.net.shared.NetworkMonitorUtils;
@@ -186,6 +189,8 @@
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
@@ -402,8 +407,8 @@
         private final ConditionVariable mPreventReconnectReceived = new ConditionVariable();
         private int mScore;
         private NetworkAgent mNetworkAgent;
-        private int mStartKeepaliveError = PacketKeepalive.ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED;
-        private int mStopKeepaliveError = PacketKeepalive.NO_KEEPALIVE;
+        private int mStartKeepaliveError = SocketKeepalive.ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED;
+        private int mStopKeepaliveError = SocketKeepalive.NO_KEEPALIVE;
         private Integer mExpectedKeepaliveSlot = null;
         // Contains the redirectUrl from networkStatus(). Before reading, wait for
         // mNetworkStatusReceived.
@@ -3548,6 +3553,80 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static class TestSocketKeepaliveCallback extends SocketKeepalive.Callback {
+
+        public enum CallbackType { ON_STARTED, ON_STOPPED, ON_ERROR };
+
+        private class CallbackValue {
+            public CallbackType callbackType;
+            public int error;
+
+            CallbackValue(CallbackType type) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS;
+                assertTrue("onError callback must have error", type != CallbackType.ON_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            CallbackValue(CallbackType type, int error) {
+                this.callbackType = type;
+                this.error = error;
+                assertEquals("error can only be set for onError", type, CallbackType.ON_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public boolean equals(Object o) {
+                return o instanceof CallbackValue
+                        && this.callbackType == ((CallbackValue) o).callbackType
+                        && this.error == ((CallbackValue) o).error;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public String toString() {
+                return String.format("%s(%s, %d)", getClass().getSimpleName(), callbackType,
+                        error);
+            }
+        }
+
+        private LinkedBlockingQueue<CallbackValue> mCallbacks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStarted() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STARTED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStopped() {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED));
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onError(int error) {
+            mCallbacks.add(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error));
+        }
+
+        private void expectCallback(CallbackValue callbackValue) {
+            try {
+                assertEquals(
+                        callbackValue,
+                        mCallbacks.poll(TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                fail(callbackValue.callbackType + " callback not seen after " + TIMEOUT_MS + " ms");
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void expectStarted() {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STARTED));
+        }
+
+        public void expectStopped() {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_STOPPED));
+        }
+
+        public void expectError(int error) {
+            expectCallback(new CallbackValue(CallbackType.ON_ERROR, error));
+        }
+    }
+
     private Network connectKeepaliveNetwork(LinkProperties lp) {
         // Ensure the network is disconnected before we do anything.
         if (mWiFiNetworkAgent != null) {
@@ -3695,6 +3774,145 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testNattSocketKeepalives() throws Exception {
+        // TODO: 1. Move this outside of ConnectivityServiceTest.
+        //       2. Add helper function to test against newSingleThreadExecutor as well as inline
+        //          executor.
+        //       3. Make test to verify that Nat-T keepalive socket is created by IpSecService.
+        final int srcPort = 12345;
+        final InetAddress myIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.129");
+        final InetAddress notMyIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.35");
+        final InetAddress myIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:db8::1");
+        final InetAddress dstIPv4 = InetAddress.getByName("8.8.8.8");
+        final InetAddress dstIPv6 = InetAddress.getByName("2001:4860:4860::8888");
+
+        final int validKaInterval = 15;
+        final int invalidKaInterval = 9;
+
+        final IpSecManager mIpSec = (IpSecManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.IPSEC_SERVICE);
+        final UdpEncapsulationSocket testSocket = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(srcPort);
+
+        final Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+
+        LinkProperties lp = new LinkProperties();
+        lp.setInterfaceName("wlan12");
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv6, 64));
+        lp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("fe80::1234")));
+        lp.addRoute(new RouteInfo(InetAddress.getByName("192.0.2.254")));
+
+        Network notMyNet = new Network(61234);
+        Network myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+
+        TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback();
+        SocketKeepalive ka;
+
+        // Attempt to start keepalives with invalid parameters and check for errors.
+        // Invalid network.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(notMyNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+        // Invalid interval.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(invalidKaInterval);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_INTERVAL);
+
+        // Invalid destination.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv6, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+
+        // Invalid source;
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv6, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+
+        // NAT-T is only supported for IPv4.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv6, dstIPv6, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+
+        // Sanity check before testing started keepalive.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_HARDWARE_UNSUPPORTED);
+
+        // Check that a started keepalive can be stopped.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveError(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStopKeepaliveError(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+        ka.stop();
+        callback.expectStopped();
+
+        // Check that deleting the IP address stops the keepalive.
+        LinkProperties bogusLp = new LinkProperties(lp);
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        bogusLp.removeLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(myIPv4, 25));
+        bogusLp.addLinkAddress(new LinkAddress(notMyIPv4, 25));
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(bogusLp);
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_IP_ADDRESS);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.sendLinkProperties(lp);
+
+        // Check that a started keepalive is stopped correctly when the network disconnects.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitFor(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getDisconnectedCV());
+        callback.expectError(SocketKeepalive.ERROR_INVALID_NETWORK);
+
+        // ... and that stopping it after that has no adverse effects.
+        waitForIdle();
+        final Network myNetAlias = myNet;
+        assertNull(mCm.getNetworkCapabilities(myNetAlias));
+        ka.stop();
+
+        // Reconnect.
+        myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveError(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+
+        // Check things work as expected when the keepalive is stopped and the network disconnects.
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+        ka.stop();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.disconnect();
+        waitFor(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getDisconnectedCV());
+        waitForIdle();
+        callback.expectStopped();
+
+        // Reconnect.
+        myNet = connectKeepaliveNetwork(lp);
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setStartKeepaliveError(SocketKeepalive.SUCCESS);
+
+        // Check that keepalive slots start from 1 and increment. The first one gets slot 1.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(1);
+        ka = mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback);
+        ka.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback.expectStarted();
+
+        // The second one gets slot 2.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setExpectedKeepaliveSlot(2);
+        final UdpEncapsulationSocket testSocket2 = mIpSec.openUdpEncapsulationSocket(6789);
+        TestSocketKeepaliveCallback callback2 = new TestSocketKeepaliveCallback();
+        SocketKeepalive ka2 =
+                mCm.createSocketKeepalive(myNet, testSocket2, myIPv4, dstIPv4, executor, callback2);
+        ka2.start(validKaInterval);
+        callback2.expectStarted();
+
+        ka.stop();
+        callback.expectStopped();
+
+        ka2.stop();
+        callback2.expectStopped();
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testGetCaptivePortalServerUrl() throws Exception {
         String url = mCm.getCaptivePortalServerUrl();
         assertEquals("http://connectivitycheck.gstatic.com/generate_204", url);
diff --git a/tests/utils/testutils/java/com/android/test/filters/SelectTest.java b/tests/utils/testutils/java/com/android/test/filters/SelectTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0350af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/testutils/java/com/android/test/filters/SelectTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.test.filters;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Filter;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+/**
+ * JUnit filter to select tests.
+ *
+ * <p>This filter selects tests specified by package name, class name, and method name. With this
+ * filter, the package and the class options of AndroidJUnitRunner can be superseded. Also the
+ * restriction that prevents using the package and the class options can be mitigated.
+ *
+ * <p><b>Select out tests from Java packages:</b> this option supersedes {@code -e package} option.
+ * <pre>
+ * adb shell am instrument -w \
+ *     -e filter com.android.test.filters.SelectTest \
+ *     -e selectTest package1.,package2. \
+ *     com.tests.pkg/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
+ * </pre>
+ * Note that the ending {@code .} in package name is mandatory.
+ *
+ * <p><b>Select out test classes:</b> this option supersedes {@code -e class} option.
+ * <pre>
+ * adb shell am instrument -w \
+ *     -e filter com.android.test.filters.SelectTest      \
+ *     -e selectTest package1.ClassA,package2.ClassB \
+ *     com.tests.pkg/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * <p><b>Select out test methods from Java classes:</b>
+ * <pre>
+ * adb shell am instrument -w \
+ *     -e filter com.android.test.filters.SelectTest                      \
+ *     -e selectTest package1.ClassA#methodX,package2.ClassB#methodY \
+ *     com.tests.pkg/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Those options can be used simultaneously. For example
+ * <pre>
+ * adb shell am instrument -w \
+ *     -e filter com.android.test.filters.SelectTest                        \
+ *     -e selectTest package1.,package2.classA,package3.ClassB#methodZ \
+ *     com.tests.pkg/androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner
+ * </pre>
+ * will select out all tests in package1, all tests in classA, and ClassB#methodZ test.
+ *
+ * <p>Note that when this option is specified with either {@code -e package} or {@code -e class}
+ * option, filtering behaves as logically conjunction. Other options, such as {@code -e notPackage},
+ * {@code -e notClass}, {@code -e annotation}, and {@code -e notAnnotation}, should work as expected
+ * with this SelectTest option.
+ *
+ * <p>When specified with {@code -e selectTest_verbose true} option, {@link SelectTest} verbosely
+ * logs to logcat while parsing {@code -e selectTest} option.
+ */
+public class SelectTest extends Filter {
+
+    private static final String TAG = SelectTest.class.getSimpleName();
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final String OPTION_SELECT_TEST = "selectTest";
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final String OPTION_SELECT_TEST_VERBOSE = OPTION_SELECT_TEST + "_verbose";
+
+    private static final String ARGUMENT_ITEM_SEPARATOR = ",";
+    private static final String PACKAGE_NAME_SEPARATOR = ".";
+    private static final String METHOD_SEPARATOR = "#";
+
+    @Nullable
+    private final PackageSet mPackageSet;
+
+    /**
+     * Construct {@link SelectTest} filter from instrumentation arguments in {@link Bundle}.
+     *
+     * @param testArgs instrumentation test arguments.
+     */
+    public SelectTest(@NonNull Bundle testArgs) {
+        mPackageSet = parseSelectTest(testArgs);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean shouldRun(Description description) {
+        if (mPackageSet == null) {
+            // Accept all tests because this filter is disabled.
+            return true;
+        }
+        String testClassName = description.getClassName();
+        String testMethodName = description.getMethodName();
+        return mPackageSet.accept(testClassName, testMethodName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String describe() {
+        return OPTION_SELECT_TEST + "=" + mPackageSet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create {@link #OPTION_SELECT_TEST} argument and add it to {@code testArgs}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is intended to be used at constructor of extended {@link Filter} class.
+     *
+     * @param testArgs instrumentation test arguments.
+     * @param selectTests array of class name to be selected to run.
+     * @return modified instrumentation test arguments.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    protected static Bundle addSelectTest(
+            @NonNull Bundle testArgs, @NonNull String... selectTests) {
+        if (selectTests.length == 0) {
+            return testArgs;
+        }
+        testArgs.putString(OPTION_SELECT_TEST, join(Arrays.asList(selectTests)));
+        return testArgs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse {@code -e selectTest} argument.
+     * @param testArgs instrumentation test arguments.
+     * @return {@link PackageSet} that will filter tests. Returns {@code null} when no
+     *     {@code -e selectTest} option is specified, thus this filter gets disabled.
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    private static PackageSet parseSelectTest(Bundle testArgs) {
+        final String selectTestArgs = testArgs.getString(OPTION_SELECT_TEST);
+        if (selectTestArgs == null) {
+            Log.w(TAG, "Disabled because no " + OPTION_SELECT_TEST + " option specified");
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final boolean verbose = new Boolean(testArgs.getString(OPTION_SELECT_TEST_VERBOSE));
+        final PackageSet packageSet = new PackageSet(verbose);
+        for (String selectTestArg : selectTestArgs.split(ARGUMENT_ITEM_SEPARATOR)) {
+            packageSet.add(selectTestArg);
+        }
+        return packageSet;
+    }
+
+    private static String getPackageName(String selectTestArg) {
+        int endPackagePos = selectTestArg.lastIndexOf(PACKAGE_NAME_SEPARATOR);
+        return (endPackagePos < 0) ? "" : selectTestArg.substring(0, endPackagePos);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static String getClassName(String selectTestArg) {
+        if (selectTestArg.endsWith(PACKAGE_NAME_SEPARATOR)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        int methodSepPos = selectTestArg.indexOf(METHOD_SEPARATOR);
+        return (methodSepPos < 0) ? selectTestArg : selectTestArg.substring(0, methodSepPos);
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    private static String getMethodName(String selectTestArg) {
+        int methodSepPos = selectTestArg.indexOf(METHOD_SEPARATOR);
+        return (methodSepPos < 0) ? null : selectTestArg.substring(methodSepPos + 1);
+    }
+
+    /** Package level filter */
+    private static class PackageSet {
+        private final boolean mVerbose;
+        /**
+         * Java package name to {@link ClassSet} map. To represent package filtering, a map value
+         * can be {@code null}.
+         */
+        private final Map<String, ClassSet> mClassSetMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        PackageSet(boolean verbose) {
+            mVerbose = verbose;
+        }
+
+        void add(final String selectTestArg) {
+            final String packageName = getPackageName(selectTestArg);
+            final String className = getClassName(selectTestArg);
+
+            if (className == null) {
+                ClassSet classSet = mClassSetMap.put(packageName, null); // package filtering.
+                if (mVerbose) {
+                    logging("Select package " + selectTestArg, classSet != null,
+                            "; supersede " + classSet);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            ClassSet classSet = mClassSetMap.get(packageName);
+            if (classSet == null) {
+                if (mClassSetMap.containsKey(packageName)) {
+                    if (mVerbose) {
+                        logging("Select package " + packageName + PACKAGE_NAME_SEPARATOR, true,
+                                " ignore " + selectTestArg);
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+                classSet = new ClassSet(mVerbose);
+                mClassSetMap.put(packageName, classSet);
+            }
+            classSet.add(selectTestArg);
+        }
+
+        boolean accept(String className, @Nullable String methodName) {
+            String packageName = getPackageName(className);
+            if (!mClassSetMap.containsKey(packageName)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            ClassSet classSet = mClassSetMap.get(packageName);
+            return classSet == null || classSet.accept(className, methodName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(ARGUMENT_ITEM_SEPARATOR);
+            for (String packageName : mClassSetMap.keySet()) {
+                ClassSet classSet = mClassSetMap.get(packageName);
+                joiner.add(classSet == null
+                        ? packageName + PACKAGE_NAME_SEPARATOR : classSet.toString());
+            }
+            return joiner.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Class level filter */
+    private static class ClassSet {
+        private final boolean mVerbose;
+        /**
+         * Java class name to set of method names map. To represent class filtering, a map value
+         * can be {@code null}.
+         */
+        private final Map<String, Set<String>> mMethodSetMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+
+        ClassSet(boolean verbose) {
+            mVerbose = verbose;
+        }
+
+        void add(String selectTestArg) {
+            final String className = getClassName(selectTestArg);
+            final String methodName = getMethodName(selectTestArg);
+
+            if (methodName == null) {
+                Set<String> methodSet = mMethodSetMap.put(className, null); // class filtering.
+                if (mVerbose) {
+                    logging("Select class " + selectTestArg, methodSet != null,
+                            "; supersede " + toString(className, methodSet));
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Set<String> methodSet = mMethodSetMap.get(className);
+            if (methodSet == null) {
+                if (mMethodSetMap.containsKey(className)) {
+                    if (mVerbose) {
+                        logging("Select class " + className, true, "; ignore " + selectTestArg);
+                    }
+                    return;
+                }
+                methodSet = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+                mMethodSetMap.put(className, methodSet);
+            }
+
+            methodSet.add(methodName);
+            if (mVerbose) {
+                logging("Select method " + selectTestArg, false, null);
+            }
+        }
+
+        boolean accept(String className, @Nullable String methodName) {
+            if (!mMethodSetMap.containsKey(className)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            Set<String> methodSet = mMethodSetMap.get(className);
+            return methodName == null || methodSet == null || methodSet.contains(methodName);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(ARGUMENT_ITEM_SEPARATOR);
+            for (String className : mMethodSetMap.keySet()) {
+                joiner.add(toString(className, mMethodSetMap.get(className)));
+            }
+            return joiner.toString();
+        }
+
+        private static String toString(String className, @Nullable Set<String> methodSet) {
+            if (methodSet == null) {
+                return className;
+            }
+            StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(ARGUMENT_ITEM_SEPARATOR);
+            for (String methodName : methodSet) {
+                joiner.add(className + METHOD_SEPARATOR + methodName);
+            }
+            return joiner.toString();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void logging(String infoLog, boolean isWarning, String warningLog) {
+        if (isWarning) {
+            Log.w(TAG, infoLog + warningLog);
+        } else {
+            Log.i(TAG, infoLog);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String join(Collection<String> list) {
+        StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(ARGUMENT_ITEM_SEPARATOR);
+        for (String text : list) {
+            joiner.add(text);
+        }
+        return joiner.toString();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/utils/testutils/java/com/android/test/filters/SelectTestTests.java b/tests/utils/testutils/java/com/android/test/filters/SelectTestTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..163b00a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils/testutils/java/com/android/test/filters/SelectTestTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.test.filters;
+
+import static com.android.test.filters.SelectTest.OPTION_SELECT_TEST;
+import static com.android.test.filters.SelectTest.OPTION_SELECT_TEST_VERBOSE;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.Description;
+import org.junit.runner.manipulation.Filter;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.StringJoiner;
+
+public class SelectTestTests {
+
+    private static final String PACKAGE_A = "packageA.";
+    private static final String PACKAGE_B = "packageB.";
+    private static final String PACKAGE_C = "packageC.";
+    private static final String CLASS_A1 = PACKAGE_A + "Class1";
+    private static final String CLASS_A2 = PACKAGE_A + "Class2";
+    private static final String CLASS_B3 = PACKAGE_B + "Class3";
+    private static final String CLASS_B4 = PACKAGE_B + "Class4";
+    private static final String CLASS_C5 = PACKAGE_C + "Class5";
+    private static final String CLASS_C6 = PACKAGE_C + "Class6";
+    private static final String METHOD_A1K = CLASS_A1 + "#methodK";
+    private static final String METHOD_A1L = CLASS_A1 + "#methodL";
+    private static final String METHOD_A2M = CLASS_A2 + "#methodM";
+    private static final String METHOD_A2N = CLASS_A2 + "#methodN";
+    private static final String METHOD_B3P = CLASS_B3 + "#methodP";
+    private static final String METHOD_B3Q = CLASS_B3 + "#methodQ";
+    private static final String METHOD_B4R = CLASS_B4 + "#methodR";
+    private static final String METHOD_B4S = CLASS_B4 + "#methodS";
+    private static final String METHOD_C5W = CLASS_C5 + "#methodW";
+    private static final String METHOD_C5X = CLASS_C5 + "#methodX";
+    private static final String METHOD_C6Y = CLASS_C6 + "#methodY";
+    private static final String METHOD_C6Z = CLASS_C6 + "#methodZ";
+
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_A1K = methodTest(METHOD_A1K);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_A1L = methodTest(METHOD_A1L);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_A2M = methodTest(METHOD_A2M);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_A2N = methodTest(METHOD_A2N);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_B3P = methodTest(METHOD_B3P);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_B3Q = methodTest(METHOD_B3Q);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_B4R = methodTest(METHOD_B4R);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_B4S = methodTest(METHOD_B4S);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_C5W = methodTest(METHOD_C5W);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_C5X = methodTest(METHOD_C5X);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_C6Y = methodTest(METHOD_C6Y);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_METHOD_C6Z = methodTest(METHOD_C6Z);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_CLASS_A1 = merge(TEST_METHOD_A1K, TEST_METHOD_A1L);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_CLASS_A2 = merge(TEST_METHOD_A2M, TEST_METHOD_A2N);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_CLASS_B3 = merge(TEST_METHOD_B3P, TEST_METHOD_B3Q);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_CLASS_B4 = merge(TEST_METHOD_B4R, TEST_METHOD_B4S);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_CLASS_C5 = merge(TEST_METHOD_C5W, TEST_METHOD_C5X);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_CLASS_C6 = merge(TEST_METHOD_C6Y, TEST_METHOD_C6Z);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_PACKAGE_A = merge(TEST_CLASS_A1, TEST_CLASS_A2);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_PACKAGE_B = merge(TEST_CLASS_B3, TEST_CLASS_B4);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_PACKAGE_C = merge(TEST_CLASS_C5, TEST_CLASS_C6);
+    private static final Set<Description> TEST_ALL =
+            merge(TEST_PACKAGE_A, TEST_PACKAGE_B, TEST_PACKAGE_C);
+
+    private SelectTestBuilder mBuilder;
+
+    @Before
+    public void setUp() {
+        mBuilder = new SelectTestBuilder();
+    }
+
+    private static class SelectTestBuilder {
+        private final Bundle mTestArgs = new Bundle();
+
+        Filter build() {
+            mTestArgs.putString(OPTION_SELECT_TEST_VERBOSE, Boolean.TRUE.toString());
+            return new SelectTest(mTestArgs);
+        }
+
+        SelectTestBuilder withSelectTest(String... selectTestArgs) {
+            putTestOption(OPTION_SELECT_TEST, selectTestArgs);
+            return this;
+        }
+
+        private void putTestOption(String option, String... args) {
+            if (args.length > 0) {
+                StringJoiner joiner = new StringJoiner(",");
+                for (String arg : args) {
+                    joiner.add(arg);
+                }
+                mTestArgs.putString(option, joiner.toString());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static Set<Description> methodTest(String testName) {
+        int methodSep = testName.indexOf("#");
+        String className = testName.substring(0, methodSep);
+        String methodName = testName.substring(methodSep + 1);
+        final Set<Description> tests = new ArraySet<>();
+        tests.add(Description.createSuiteDescription(className));
+        tests.add(Description.createTestDescription(className, methodName));
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(tests);
+    }
+
+    @SafeVarargs
+    private static Set<Description> merge(Set<Description>... testSpecs) {
+        final Set<Description> merged = new LinkedHashSet<>();
+        for (Set<Description> testSet : testSpecs) {
+            merged.addAll(testSet);
+        }
+        return Collections.unmodifiableSet(merged);
+    }
+
+    @SafeVarargs
+    private static void acceptTests(Filter filter, Set<Description>... testSpecs) {
+        final Set<Description> accepts = merge(testSpecs);
+        for (Description test : TEST_ALL) {
+            if (accepts.contains(test)) {
+                assertTrue("accept " + test, filter.shouldRun(test));
+            } else {
+                assertFalse("reject " + test, filter.shouldRun(test));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFilterDisabled() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_ALL);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectPackage() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(PACKAGE_A, PACKAGE_B).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_PACKAGE_A, TEST_PACKAGE_B);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectClass() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(CLASS_A1, CLASS_A2, CLASS_B3).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_CLASS_A1, TEST_CLASS_A2, TEST_CLASS_B3);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMethod() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder
+                .withSelectTest(METHOD_A1K, METHOD_A2M, METHOD_A2N, METHOD_B3P).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_METHOD_A1K, TEST_METHOD_A2M, TEST_METHOD_A2N, TEST_METHOD_B3P);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectClassAndPackage() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(CLASS_A1, PACKAGE_B, CLASS_C5).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_CLASS_A1, TEST_PACKAGE_B, TEST_CLASS_C5);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMethodAndPackage() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(METHOD_A1K, PACKAGE_B, METHOD_C5W).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_METHOD_A1K, TEST_PACKAGE_B, TEST_METHOD_C5W);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMethodAndClass() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(METHOD_A1K, CLASS_C5, METHOD_B3P).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_METHOD_A1K, TEST_CLASS_C5, TEST_METHOD_B3P);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectClassAndSamePackage() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(
+                CLASS_A1, PACKAGE_A, CLASS_B3, PACKAGE_C, CLASS_C5).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_PACKAGE_A, TEST_CLASS_B3, TEST_PACKAGE_C);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMethodAndSameClass() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(
+                METHOD_A1K, METHOD_A2M, CLASS_A1, CLASS_B3, METHOD_B3P, METHOD_B4R).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_CLASS_A1, TEST_METHOD_A2M, TEST_CLASS_B3, TEST_METHOD_B4R);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMethodAndSamePackage() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(
+                METHOD_A1K, METHOD_A1L, METHOD_A2M, PACKAGE_A,
+                PACKAGE_C, METHOD_C5W, METHOD_C5X, METHOD_C6Y).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_PACKAGE_A, TEST_PACKAGE_C);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMethodAndClassAndPackage() {
+        final Filter filter = mBuilder.withSelectTest(
+                METHOD_A1K, CLASS_A1, METHOD_A1L, METHOD_A2M, PACKAGE_A,
+                PACKAGE_B, METHOD_B3Q, CLASS_B3, METHOD_B4R, METHOD_B3P).build();
+        acceptTests(filter, TEST_PACKAGE_A, TEST_PACKAGE_B);
+    }
+}