Historical app ops.

This change is the main check in for the historical app op feature.
The idea is to store a historical data about past app op rejections,
accesses, and durations per op for any UID state indefinitely.

Keeping all operations on record is not practical as app ops are
very frequently performed. To address this we are storing aggregated
data as snapshots where we store for every UID and its packages
how many times each op was accessed, rejected, lasted as an aggregate.

To allow history scaling indefinitely we are taking a logarithmic
approach with only the most recent state stored in memory and all
preceding state stored on disk. State on disk is stored in separate
files where each preceding file, i.e. for an older period, would
cover X times longer period with X number of snapshots covering
X times longer period. Initially X is ten but can be tweaked. For
example, the first file could contain data for ten days with daily
snapshots, while the file for older period would have data
for a hundred days with snapshots every ten days, etc.

The implementation is optimized for fast history update and no impact
on system runtime performance and minimizing memory footprint. We
are lazily persisting state to disk on a dedicated thread as this is
slow. We are also reading the relevant historical files on a query
as this is very rare as opposed to state updates.

The base snapshot interval, i.e. snapshot time span, in the initial
iteration and the logarithmic step are configurable. These can be
changed dynamically and the history would be rewriten to take this
into account.

Test: atest CtsAppOpsTestCases

bug:111061782

Change-Id: I55c32c79911ba12b2ace58d2a782b8df1e6bff60
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/appop/AppOpsService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/appop/AppOpsService.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ede6dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/appop/AppOpsService.java
@@ -0,0 +1,4391 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.server.appop;
+
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_PLAY_AUDIO;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.OP_NONE;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_BACKGROUND;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_CACHED;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_FOREGROUND;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_LAST_NON_RESTRICTED;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_PERSISTENT;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_TOP;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager._NUM_UID_STATE;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.modeToName;
+import static android.app.AppOpsManager.opToName;
+
+import android.Manifest;
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.ActivityManager;
+import android.app.ActivityThread;
+import android.app.AppGlobals;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager;
+import android.app.AppOpsManager.HistoricalOps;
+import android.app.AppOpsManagerInternal;
+import android.app.AppOpsManagerInternal.CheckOpsDelegate;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
+import android.content.ContentResolver;
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.content.pm.IPackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
+import android.content.pm.PackageManagerInternal;
+import android.content.pm.UserInfo;
+import android.database.ContentObserver;
+import android.media.AudioAttributes;
+import android.net.Uri;
+import android.os.AsyncTask;
+import android.os.Binder;
+import android.os.Bundle;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.IBinder;
+import android.os.Process;
+import android.os.RemoteCallback;
+import android.os.RemoteException;
+import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.ServiceManager;
+import android.os.ShellCallback;
+import android.os.ShellCommand;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
+import android.os.UserHandle;
+import android.os.UserManager;
+import android.os.storage.StorageManager;
+import android.os.storage.StorageManagerInternal;
+import android.provider.Settings;
+import android.util.ArrayMap;
+import android.util.ArraySet;
+import android.util.AtomicFile;
+import android.util.KeyValueListParser;
+import android.util.Slog;
+import android.util.SparseArray;
+import android.util.SparseBooleanArray;
+import android.util.SparseIntArray;
+import android.util.TimeUtils;
+import android.util.Xml;
+
+import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
+import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+import com.android.internal.app.IAppOpsActiveCallback;
+import com.android.internal.app.IAppOpsCallback;
+import com.android.internal.app.IAppOpsNotedCallback;
+import com.android.internal.app.IAppOpsService;
+import com.android.internal.os.Zygote;
+import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.DumpUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.FastXmlSerializer;
+import com.android.internal.util.Preconditions;
+import com.android.internal.util.XmlUtils;
+import com.android.internal.util.function.pooled.PooledLambda;
+
+import com.android.server.LocalServices;
+import com.android.server.LockGuard;
+import libcore.util.EmptyArray;
+
+import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
+import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
+import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
+
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.FileInputStream;
+import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
+import java.io.FileOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class AppOpsService extends IAppOpsService.Stub {
+    static final String TAG = "AppOps";
+    static final boolean DEBUG = false;
+
+    private static final int NO_VERSION = -1;
+    /** Increment by one every time and add the corresponding upgrade logic in
+     *  {@link #upgradeLocked(int)} below. The first version was 1 */
+    private static final int CURRENT_VERSION = 1;
+
+    // Write at most every 30 minutes.
+    static final long WRITE_DELAY = DEBUG ? 1000 : 30*60*1000;
+
+    // Constant meaning that any UID should be matched when dispatching callbacks
+    private static final int UID_ANY = -2;
+
+    // Map from process states to the uid states we track.
+    private static final int[] PROCESS_STATE_TO_UID_STATE = new int[] {
+        UID_STATE_PERSISTENT,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_PERSISTENT
+        UID_STATE_PERSISTENT,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_PERSISTENT_UI
+        UID_STATE_TOP,                  // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP
+        UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE,   // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE
+        UID_STATE_FOREGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BOUND_FOREGROUND_SERVICE
+        UID_STATE_FOREGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_FOREGROUND
+        UID_STATE_BACKGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_IMPORTANT_BACKGROUND
+        UID_STATE_BACKGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TRANSIENT_BACKGROUND
+        UID_STATE_BACKGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_BACKUP
+        UID_STATE_BACKGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_SERVICE
+        UID_STATE_BACKGROUND,           // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_RECEIVER
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_TOP_SLEEPING
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HEAVY_WEIGHT
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_HOME
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_LAST_ACTIVITY
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_ACTIVITY_CLIENT
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_RECENT
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_CACHED_EMPTY
+        UID_STATE_CACHED,               // ActivityManager.PROCESS_STATE_NONEXISTENT
+    };
+
+    static final String[] UID_STATE_NAMES = new String[] {
+            "pers ",    // UID_STATE_PERSISTENT
+            "top  ",    // UID_STATE_TOP
+            "fgsvc",    // UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE
+            "fg   ",    // UID_STATE_FOREGROUND
+            "bg   ",    // UID_STATE_BACKGROUND
+            "cch  ",    // UID_STATE_CACHED
+    };
+
+    static final String[] UID_STATE_TIME_ATTRS = new String[] {
+            "tp",       // UID_STATE_PERSISTENT
+            "tt",       // UID_STATE_TOP
+            "tfs",      // UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE
+            "tf",       // UID_STATE_FOREGROUND
+            "tb",       // UID_STATE_BACKGROUND
+            "tc",       // UID_STATE_CACHED
+    };
+
+    static final String[] UID_STATE_REJECT_ATTRS = new String[] {
+            "rp",       // UID_STATE_PERSISTENT
+            "rt",       // UID_STATE_TOP
+            "rfs",      // UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE
+            "rf",       // UID_STATE_FOREGROUND
+            "rb",       // UID_STATE_BACKGROUND
+            "rc",       // UID_STATE_CACHED
+    };
+
+    Context mContext;
+    final AtomicFile mFile;
+    final Handler mHandler;
+
+    private final AppOpsManagerInternalImpl mAppOpsManagerInternal
+            = new AppOpsManagerInternalImpl();
+
+    boolean mWriteScheduled;
+    boolean mFastWriteScheduled;
+    final Runnable mWriteRunner = new Runnable() {
+        public void run() {
+            synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+                mWriteScheduled = false;
+                mFastWriteScheduled = false;
+                AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void> task = new AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>() {
+                    @Override protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
+                        writeState();
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                };
+                task.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, (Void[])null);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    final SparseArray<UidState> mUidStates = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    private final HistoricalRegistry mHistoricalRegistry = new HistoricalRegistry(this);
+
+    long mLastRealtime;
+
+    /*
+     * These are app op restrictions imposed per user from various parties.
+     */
+    private final ArrayMap<IBinder, ClientRestrictionState> mOpUserRestrictions = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    SparseIntArray mProfileOwners;
+
+    @GuardedBy("this")
+    private CheckOpsDelegate mCheckOpsDelegate;
+
+    /**
+     * All times are in milliseconds. These constants are kept synchronized with the system
+     * global Settings. Any access to this class or its fields should be done while
+     * holding the AppOpsService lock.
+     */
+    private final class Constants extends ContentObserver {
+        // Key names stored in the settings value.
+        private static final String KEY_TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME = "top_state_settle_time";
+        private static final String KEY_FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME
+                = "fg_service_state_settle_time";
+        private static final String KEY_BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME = "bg_state_settle_time";
+
+        /**
+         * How long we want for a drop in uid state from top to settle before applying it.
+         * @see Settings.Global#APP_OPS_CONSTANTS
+         * @see #KEY_TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME
+         */
+        public long TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME;
+
+        /**
+         * How long we want for a drop in uid state from foreground to settle before applying it.
+         * @see Settings.Global#APP_OPS_CONSTANTS
+         * @see #KEY_FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME
+         */
+        public long FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME;
+
+        /**
+         * How long we want for a drop in uid state from background to settle before applying it.
+         * @see Settings.Global#APP_OPS_CONSTANTS
+         * @see #KEY_BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME
+         */
+        public long BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME;
+
+        private final KeyValueListParser mParser = new KeyValueListParser(',');
+        private ContentResolver mResolver;
+
+        public Constants(Handler handler) {
+            super(handler);
+            updateConstants();
+        }
+
+        public void startMonitoring(ContentResolver resolver) {
+            mResolver = resolver;
+            mResolver.registerContentObserver(
+                    Settings.Global.getUriFor(Settings.Global.APP_OPS_CONSTANTS),
+                    false, this);
+            updateConstants();
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onChange(boolean selfChange, Uri uri) {
+            updateConstants();
+        }
+
+        private void updateConstants() {
+            String value = mResolver != null ? Settings.Global.getString(mResolver,
+                    Settings.Global.APP_OPS_CONSTANTS) : "";
+
+            synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+                try {
+                    mParser.setString(value);
+                } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                    // Failed to parse the settings string, log this and move on
+                    // with defaults.
+                    Slog.e(TAG, "Bad app ops settings", e);
+                }
+                TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME = mParser.getDurationMillis(
+                        KEY_TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME, 30 * 1000L);
+                FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME = mParser.getDurationMillis(
+                        KEY_FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME, 10 * 1000L);
+                BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME = mParser.getDurationMillis(
+                        KEY_BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME, 1 * 1000L);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+            pw.println("  Settings:");
+
+            pw.print("    "); pw.print(KEY_TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME); pw.print("=");
+            TimeUtils.formatDuration(TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME, pw);
+            pw.println();
+            pw.print("    "); pw.print(KEY_FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME); pw.print("=");
+            TimeUtils.formatDuration(FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME, pw);
+            pw.println();
+            pw.print("    "); pw.print(KEY_BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME); pw.print("=");
+            TimeUtils.formatDuration(BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME, pw);
+            pw.println();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final Constants mConstants;
+
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    static final class UidState {
+        public final int uid;
+
+        public int state = UID_STATE_CACHED;
+        public int pendingState = UID_STATE_CACHED;
+        public long pendingStateCommitTime;
+
+        public int startNesting;
+        public ArrayMap<String, Ops> pkgOps;
+        public SparseIntArray opModes;
+
+        // true indicates there is an interested observer, false there isn't but it has such an op
+        public SparseBooleanArray foregroundOps;
+        public boolean hasForegroundWatchers;
+
+        public UidState(int uid) {
+            this.uid = uid;
+        }
+
+        public void clear() {
+            pkgOps = null;
+            opModes = null;
+        }
+
+        public boolean isDefault() {
+            return (pkgOps == null || pkgOps.isEmpty())
+                    && (opModes == null || opModes.size() <= 0);
+        }
+
+        int evalMode(int mode) {
+            if (mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_FOREGROUND) {
+                return state <= UID_STATE_LAST_NON_RESTRICTED
+                        ? AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED : AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+            }
+            return mode;
+        }
+
+        private void evalForegroundWatchers(int op, SparseArray<ArraySet<ModeCallback>> watchers,
+                SparseBooleanArray which) {
+            boolean curValue = which.get(op, false);
+            ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = watchers.get(op);
+            if (callbacks != null) {
+                for (int cbi = callbacks.size() - 1; !curValue && cbi >= 0; cbi--) {
+                    if ((callbacks.valueAt(cbi).mFlags
+                            & AppOpsManager.WATCH_FOREGROUND_CHANGES) != 0) {
+                        hasForegroundWatchers = true;
+                        curValue = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            which.put(op, curValue);
+        }
+
+        public void evalForegroundOps(SparseArray<ArraySet<ModeCallback>> watchers) {
+            SparseBooleanArray which = null;
+            hasForegroundWatchers = false;
+            if (opModes != null) {
+                for (int i = opModes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                    if (opModes.valueAt(i) == AppOpsManager.MODE_FOREGROUND) {
+                        if (which == null) {
+                            which = new SparseBooleanArray();
+                        }
+                        evalForegroundWatchers(opModes.keyAt(i), watchers, which);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (pkgOps != null) {
+                for (int i = pkgOps.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                    Ops ops = pkgOps.valueAt(i);
+                    for (int j = ops.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                        if (ops.valueAt(j).mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_FOREGROUND) {
+                            if (which == null) {
+                                which = new SparseBooleanArray();
+                            }
+                            evalForegroundWatchers(ops.keyAt(j), watchers, which);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            foregroundOps = which;
+        }
+    }
+
+    final static class Ops extends SparseArray<Op> {
+        final String packageName;
+        final UidState uidState;
+        final boolean isPrivileged;
+
+        Ops(String _packageName, UidState _uidState, boolean _isPrivileged) {
+            packageName = _packageName;
+            uidState = _uidState;
+            isPrivileged = _isPrivileged;
+        }
+    }
+
+    final static class Op {
+        final UidState uidState;
+        final int uid;
+        final String packageName;
+        final int op;
+        int proxyUid = -1;
+        String proxyPackageName;
+        int mode;
+        int duration;
+        long time[] = new long[_NUM_UID_STATE];
+        long rejectTime[] = new long[_NUM_UID_STATE];
+        int startNesting;
+        long startRealtime;
+
+        Op(UidState _uidState, String _packageName, int _op) {
+            uidState = _uidState;
+            uid = _uidState.uid;
+            packageName = _packageName;
+            op = _op;
+            mode = AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(op);
+        }
+
+        boolean hasAnyTime() {
+            for (int i = 0; i < AppOpsManager._NUM_UID_STATE; i++) {
+                if (time[i] != 0) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (rejectTime[i] != 0) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        int getMode() {
+            return uidState.evalMode(mode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    final SparseArray<ArraySet<ModeCallback>> mOpModeWatchers = new SparseArray<>();
+    final ArrayMap<String, ArraySet<ModeCallback>> mPackageModeWatchers = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final ArrayMap<IBinder, ModeCallback> mModeWatchers = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final ArrayMap<IBinder, SparseArray<ActiveCallback>> mActiveWatchers = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final ArrayMap<IBinder, SparseArray<NotedCallback>> mNotedWatchers = new ArrayMap<>();
+    final SparseArray<SparseArray<Restriction>> mAudioRestrictions = new SparseArray<>();
+
+    final class ModeCallback implements DeathRecipient {
+        final IAppOpsCallback mCallback;
+        final int mWatchingUid;
+        final int mFlags;
+        final int mCallingUid;
+        final int mCallingPid;
+
+        ModeCallback(IAppOpsCallback callback, int watchingUid, int flags, int callingUid,
+                int callingPid) {
+            mCallback = callback;
+            mWatchingUid = watchingUid;
+            mFlags = flags;
+            mCallingUid = callingUid;
+            mCallingPid = callingPid;
+            try {
+                mCallback.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                /*ignored*/
+            }
+        }
+
+        public boolean isWatchingUid(int uid) {
+            return uid == UID_ANY || mWatchingUid < 0 || mWatchingUid == uid;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
+            sb.append("ModeCallback{");
+            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)));
+            sb.append(" watchinguid=");
+            UserHandle.formatUid(sb, mWatchingUid);
+            sb.append(" flags=0x");
+            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(mFlags));
+            sb.append(" from uid=");
+            UserHandle.formatUid(sb, mCallingUid);
+            sb.append(" pid=");
+            sb.append(mCallingPid);
+            sb.append('}');
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        void unlinkToDeath() {
+            mCallback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            stopWatchingMode(mCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    final class ActiveCallback implements DeathRecipient {
+        final IAppOpsActiveCallback mCallback;
+        final int mWatchingUid;
+        final int mCallingUid;
+        final int mCallingPid;
+
+        ActiveCallback(IAppOpsActiveCallback callback, int watchingUid, int callingUid,
+                int callingPid) {
+            mCallback = callback;
+            mWatchingUid = watchingUid;
+            mCallingUid = callingUid;
+            mCallingPid = callingPid;
+            try {
+                mCallback.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                /*ignored*/
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
+            sb.append("ActiveCallback{");
+            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)));
+            sb.append(" watchinguid=");
+            UserHandle.formatUid(sb, mWatchingUid);
+            sb.append(" from uid=");
+            UserHandle.formatUid(sb, mCallingUid);
+            sb.append(" pid=");
+            sb.append(mCallingPid);
+            sb.append('}');
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        void destroy() {
+            mCallback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            stopWatchingActive(mCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    final class NotedCallback implements DeathRecipient {
+        final IAppOpsNotedCallback mCallback;
+        final int mWatchingUid;
+        final int mCallingUid;
+        final int mCallingPid;
+
+        NotedCallback(IAppOpsNotedCallback callback, int watchingUid, int callingUid,
+                int callingPid) {
+            mCallback = callback;
+            mWatchingUid = watchingUid;
+            mCallingUid = callingUid;
+            mCallingPid = callingPid;
+            try {
+                mCallback.asBinder().linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                /*ignored*/
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
+            sb.append("NotedCallback{");
+            sb.append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)));
+            sb.append(" watchinguid=");
+            UserHandle.formatUid(sb, mWatchingUid);
+            sb.append(" from uid=");
+            UserHandle.formatUid(sb, mCallingUid);
+            sb.append(" pid=");
+            sb.append(mCallingPid);
+            sb.append('}');
+            return sb.toString();
+        }
+
+        void destroy() {
+            mCallback.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            stopWatchingNoted(mCallback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    final ArrayMap<IBinder, ClientState> mClients = new ArrayMap<>();
+
+    final class ClientState extends Binder implements DeathRecipient {
+        final ArrayList<Op> mStartedOps = new ArrayList<>();
+        final IBinder mAppToken;
+        final int mPid;
+
+        ClientState(IBinder appToken) {
+            mAppToken = appToken;
+            mPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+            // Watch only for remote processes dying
+            if (!(appToken instanceof Binder)) {
+                try {
+                    mAppToken.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    /* do nothing */
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String toString() {
+            return "ClientState{" +
+                    "mAppToken=" + mAppToken +
+                    ", " + "pid=" + mPid +
+                    '}';
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+                for (int i=mStartedOps.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
+                    finishOperationLocked(mStartedOps.get(i), /*finishNested*/ true);
+                }
+                mClients.remove(mAppToken);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public AppOpsService(File storagePath, Handler handler) {
+        LockGuard.installLock(this, LockGuard.INDEX_APP_OPS);
+        mFile = new AtomicFile(storagePath, "appops");
+        mHandler = handler;
+        mConstants = new Constants(mHandler);
+        readState();
+    }
+
+    public void publish(Context context) {
+        mContext = context;
+        ServiceManager.addService(Context.APP_OPS_SERVICE, asBinder());
+        LocalServices.addService(AppOpsManagerInternal.class, mAppOpsManagerInternal);
+    }
+
+    public void systemReady() {
+        mConstants.startMonitoring(mContext.getContentResolver());
+        mHistoricalRegistry.systemReady(mContext.getContentResolver());
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            boolean changed = false;
+            for (int i = mUidStates.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(i);
+
+                String[] packageNames = getPackagesForUid(uidState.uid);
+                if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(packageNames)) {
+                    uidState.clear();
+                    mUidStates.removeAt(i);
+                    changed = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                ArrayMap<String, Ops> pkgs = uidState.pkgOps;
+                if (pkgs == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                Iterator<Ops> it = pkgs.values().iterator();
+                while (it.hasNext()) {
+                    Ops ops = it.next();
+                    int curUid = -1;
+                    try {
+                        curUid = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(ops.packageName,
+                                PackageManager.MATCH_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES,
+                                UserHandle.getUserId(ops.uidState.uid));
+                    } catch (RemoteException ignored) {
+                    }
+                    if (curUid != ops.uidState.uid) {
+                        Slog.i(TAG, "Pruning old package " + ops.packageName
+                                + "/" + ops.uidState + ": new uid=" + curUid);
+                        it.remove();
+                        changed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (uidState.isDefault()) {
+                    mUidStates.removeAt(i);
+                }
+            }
+            if (changed) {
+                scheduleFastWriteLocked();
+            }
+        }
+
+        final IntentFilter packageSuspendFilter = new IntentFilter();
+        packageSuspendFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGES_UNSUSPENDED);
+        packageSuspendFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGES_SUSPENDED);
+        mContext.registerReceiver(new BroadcastReceiver() {
+            @Override
+            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+                final int[] changedUids = intent.getIntArrayExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_UID_LIST);
+                final String[] changedPkgs = intent.getStringArrayExtra(
+                        Intent.EXTRA_CHANGED_PACKAGE_LIST);
+                final ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = mOpModeWatchers.get(OP_PLAY_AUDIO);
+                for (int i = 0; i < changedUids.length; i++) {
+                    final int changedUid = changedUids[i];
+                    final String changedPkg = changedPkgs[i];
+                    // We trust packagemanager to insert matching uid and packageNames in the extras
+                    mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(AppOpsService::notifyOpChanged,
+                            AppOpsService.this, callbacks, OP_PLAY_AUDIO, changedUid, changedPkg));
+                }
+            }
+        }, packageSuspendFilter);
+
+        PackageManagerInternal packageManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(
+                PackageManagerInternal.class);
+        packageManagerInternal.setExternalSourcesPolicy(
+                new PackageManagerInternal.ExternalSourcesPolicy() {
+                    @Override
+                    public int getPackageTrustedToInstallApps(String packageName, int uid) {
+                        int appOpMode = checkOperation(AppOpsManager.OP_REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES,
+                                uid, packageName);
+                        switch (appOpMode) {
+                            case AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED:
+                                return PackageManagerInternal.ExternalSourcesPolicy.USER_TRUSTED;
+                            case AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED:
+                                return PackageManagerInternal.ExternalSourcesPolicy.USER_BLOCKED;
+                            default:
+                                return PackageManagerInternal.ExternalSourcesPolicy.USER_DEFAULT;
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+
+        if (!StorageManager.hasIsolatedStorage()) {
+            StorageManagerInternal storageManagerInternal = LocalServices.getService(
+                    StorageManagerInternal.class);
+            storageManagerInternal.addExternalStoragePolicy(
+                    new StorageManagerInternal.ExternalStorageMountPolicy() {
+                        @Override
+                        public int getMountMode(int uid, String packageName) {
+                            if (Process.isIsolated(uid)) {
+                                return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
+                            }
+                            if (noteOperation(AppOpsManager.OP_READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, uid,
+                                    packageName) != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+                                return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_NONE;
+                            }
+                            if (noteOperation(AppOpsManager.OP_WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, uid,
+                                    packageName) != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+                                return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_READ;
+                            }
+                            return Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_WRITE;
+                        }
+
+                        @Override
+                        public boolean hasExternalStorage(int uid, String packageName) {
+                            final int mountMode = getMountMode(uid, packageName);
+                            return mountMode == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_READ
+                                    || mountMode == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_WRITE;
+                        }
+                    });
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void packageRemoved(int uid, String packageName) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            UidState uidState = mUidStates.get(uid);
+            if (uidState == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            Ops ops = null;
+
+            // Remove any package state if such.
+            if (uidState.pkgOps != null) {
+                ops = uidState.pkgOps.remove(packageName);
+            }
+
+            // If we just nuked the last package state check if the UID is valid.
+            if (ops != null && uidState.pkgOps.isEmpty()
+                    && getPackagesForUid(uid).length <= 0) {
+                mUidStates.remove(uid);
+            }
+
+            // Finish ops other packages started on behalf of the package.
+            final int clientCount = mClients.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < clientCount; i++) {
+                final ClientState client = mClients.valueAt(i);
+                if (client.mStartedOps == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final int opCount = client.mStartedOps.size();
+                for (int j = opCount - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                    final Op op = client.mStartedOps.get(j);
+                    if (uid == op.uid && packageName.equals(op.packageName)) {
+                        finishOperationLocked(op, /*finishNested*/ true);
+                        client.mStartedOps.remove(j);
+                        if (op.startNesting <= 0) {
+                            scheduleOpActiveChangedIfNeededLocked(op.op,
+                                    uid, packageName, false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (ops != null) {
+                scheduleFastWriteLocked();
+
+                final int opCount = ops.size();
+                for (int i = 0; i < opCount; i++) {
+                    final Op op = ops.valueAt(i);
+                    if (op.duration == -1) {
+                        scheduleOpActiveChangedIfNeededLocked(
+                                op.op, op.uid, op.packageName, false);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void uidRemoved(int uid) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (mUidStates.indexOfKey(uid) >= 0) {
+                mUidStates.remove(uid);
+                scheduleFastWriteLocked();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void updateUidProcState(int uid, int procState) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, true);
+            final int newState = PROCESS_STATE_TO_UID_STATE[procState];
+            if (uidState != null && uidState.pendingState != newState) {
+                final int oldPendingState = uidState.pendingState;
+                uidState.pendingState = newState;
+                if (newState < uidState.state || newState <= UID_STATE_LAST_NON_RESTRICTED) {
+                    // We are moving to a more important state, or the new state is in the
+                    // foreground, then always do it immediately.
+                    commitUidPendingStateLocked(uidState);
+                } else if (uidState.pendingStateCommitTime == 0) {
+                    // We are moving to a less important state for the first time,
+                    // delay the application for a bit.
+                    final long settleTime;
+                    if (uidState.state <= UID_STATE_TOP) {
+                        settleTime = mConstants.TOP_STATE_SETTLE_TIME;
+                    } else if (uidState.state <= UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE) {
+                        settleTime = mConstants.FG_SERVICE_STATE_SETTLE_TIME;
+                    } else {
+                        settleTime = mConstants.BG_STATE_SETTLE_TIME;
+                    }
+                    uidState.pendingStateCommitTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + settleTime;
+                }
+                if (uidState.startNesting != 0) {
+                    // There is some actively running operation...  need to find it
+                    // and appropriately update its state.
+                    final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    for (int i = uidState.pkgOps.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                        final Ops ops = uidState.pkgOps.valueAt(i);
+                        for (int j = ops.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                            final Op op = ops.valueAt(j);
+                            if (op.startNesting > 0) {
+                                op.time[oldPendingState] = now;
+                                op.time[newState] = now;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void shutdown() {
+        Slog.w(TAG, "Writing app ops before shutdown...");
+        boolean doWrite = false;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (mWriteScheduled) {
+                mWriteScheduled = false;
+                doWrite = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (doWrite) {
+            writeState();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> collectOps(Ops pkgOps, int[] ops) {
+        ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> resOps = null;
+        final long elapsedNow = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+        if (ops == null) {
+            resOps = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int j=0; j<pkgOps.size(); j++) {
+                Op curOp = pkgOps.valueAt(j);
+                final boolean running = curOp.duration == -1;
+                long duration = running
+                        ? (elapsedNow - curOp.startRealtime)
+                        : curOp.duration;
+                resOps.add(new AppOpsManager.OpEntry(curOp.op, curOp.mode, curOp.time,
+                        curOp.rejectTime, (int) duration, running, curOp.proxyUid,
+                        curOp.proxyPackageName));
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (int j=0; j<ops.length; j++) {
+                Op curOp = pkgOps.get(ops[j]);
+                if (curOp != null) {
+                    if (resOps == null) {
+                        resOps = new ArrayList<>();
+                    }
+                    final boolean running = curOp.duration == -1;
+                    final long duration = running
+                            ? (elapsedNow - curOp.startRealtime)
+                            : curOp.duration;
+                    resOps.add(new AppOpsManager.OpEntry(curOp.op, curOp.mode, curOp.time,
+                            curOp.rejectTime, (int) duration, running, curOp.proxyUid,
+                            curOp.proxyPackageName));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return resOps;
+    }
+
+    private ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> collectOps(SparseIntArray uidOps, int[] ops) {
+        if (uidOps == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> resOps = null;
+        if (ops == null) {
+            resOps = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (int j=0; j<uidOps.size(); j++) {
+                resOps.add(new AppOpsManager.OpEntry(uidOps.keyAt(j), uidOps.valueAt(j),
+                        0, 0, 0, -1, null));
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (int j=0; j<ops.length; j++) {
+                int index = uidOps.indexOfKey(ops[j]);
+                if (index >= 0) {
+                    if (resOps == null) {
+                        resOps = new ArrayList<>();
+                    }
+                    resOps.add(new AppOpsManager.OpEntry(uidOps.keyAt(index), uidOps.valueAt(index),
+                            0, 0, 0, -1, null));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return resOps;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> getPackagesForOps(int[] ops) {
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.GET_APP_OPS_STATS,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), null);
+        ArrayList<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> res = null;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final int uidStateCount = mUidStates.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < uidStateCount; i++) {
+                UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(i);
+                if (uidState.pkgOps == null || uidState.pkgOps.isEmpty()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ArrayMap<String, Ops> packages = uidState.pkgOps;
+                final int packageCount = packages.size();
+                for (int j = 0; j < packageCount; j++) {
+                    Ops pkgOps = packages.valueAt(j);
+                    ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> resOps = collectOps(pkgOps, ops);
+                    if (resOps != null) {
+                        if (res == null) {
+                            res = new ArrayList<AppOpsManager.PackageOps>();
+                        }
+                        AppOpsManager.PackageOps resPackage = new AppOpsManager.PackageOps(
+                                pkgOps.packageName, pkgOps.uidState.uid, resOps);
+                        res.add(resPackage);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> getOpsForPackage(int uid, String packageName,
+            int[] ops) {
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.GET_APP_OPS_STATS,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), null);
+        String resolvedPackageName = resolvePackageName(uid, packageName);
+        if (resolvedPackageName == null) {
+            return Collections.emptyList();
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            Ops pkgOps = getOpsRawLocked(uid, resolvedPackageName, false /* edit */,
+                    false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+            if (pkgOps == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> resOps = collectOps(pkgOps, ops);
+            if (resOps == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            ArrayList<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> res = new ArrayList<AppOpsManager.PackageOps>();
+            AppOpsManager.PackageOps resPackage = new AppOpsManager.PackageOps(
+                    pkgOps.packageName, pkgOps.uidState.uid, resOps);
+            res.add(resPackage);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getHistoricalOps(int uid, @NonNull String packageName,
+            @Nullable String[] opNames, long beginTimeMillis, long endTimeMillis,
+            @NonNull RemoteCallback callback) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(uid == Process.INVALID_UID || uid >= 0,
+                "uid must be " + Process.INVALID_UID + " or non negative");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(beginTimeMillis >= 0 && beginTimeMillis < endTimeMillis,
+                "beginTimeMillis must be non negative and lesser than endTimeMillis");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        checkValidOpsOrNull(opNames);
+
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.GET_APP_OPS_STATS,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), "getHistoricalOps");
+
+        if (mHistoricalRegistry.getMode() == AppOpsManager.HISTORICAL_MODE_DISABLED) {
+            // TODO (bug:122218838): Remove once the feature fully enabled.
+            getHistoricalPackagesOpsCompat(uid, packageName, opNames, beginTimeMillis,
+                    endTimeMillis, callback);
+        } else {
+            // Must not hold the appops lock
+            mHistoricalRegistry.getHistoricalOps(uid, packageName, opNames,
+                    beginTimeMillis, endTimeMillis, callback);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void getHistoricalPackagesOpsCompat(int uid, @NonNull String packageName,
+            @Nullable String[] opNames, long beginTimeMillis, long endTimeMillis,
+            @NonNull RemoteCallback callback) {
+        synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+            final HistoricalOps ops = new HistoricalOps(beginTimeMillis, endTimeMillis);
+            if (opNames == null) {
+                opNames = AppOpsManager.getOpStrs();
+            }
+            final int uidStateCount = mUidStates.size();
+            for (int uidIdx = 0; uidIdx < uidStateCount; uidIdx++) {
+                final UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(uidIdx);
+                if (uidState.pkgOps == null || uidState.pkgOps.isEmpty()
+                        || (uid != Process.INVALID_UID && uid != uidState.uid)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final ArrayMap<String, Ops> packages = uidState.pkgOps;
+                final int packageCount = packages.size();
+                for (int pkgIdx = 0; pkgIdx < packageCount; pkgIdx++) {
+                    final Ops pkgOps = packages.valueAt(pkgIdx);
+                    if (packageName != null && !packageName.equals(pkgOps.packageName)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    final int opCount = opNames.length;
+                    for (int opIdx = 0; opIdx < opCount; opIdx++) {
+                        final String opName = opNames[opIdx];
+                        if (!ArrayUtils.contains(opNames, opName)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        final int opCode = AppOpsManager.strOpToOp(opName);
+                        final Op op = pkgOps.get(opCode);
+                        if (op == null) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        final int stateCount = AppOpsManager._NUM_UID_STATE;
+                        for (int stateIdx = 0; stateIdx < stateCount; stateIdx++) {
+                            if (op.rejectTime[stateIdx] != 0) {
+                                ops.increaseRejectCount(opCode, uidState.uid,
+                                        pkgOps.packageName, stateIdx, 1);
+                            } else if (op.time[stateIdx] != 0) {
+                                ops.increaseAccessCount(opCode, uidState.uid,
+                                        pkgOps.packageName, stateIdx, 1);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            final Bundle payload = new Bundle();
+            payload.putParcelable(AppOpsManager.KEY_HISTORICAL_OPS, ops);
+            callback.sendResult(payload);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void getHistoricalOpsFromDiskRaw(int uid, @NonNull String packageName,
+            @Nullable String[] opNames, long beginTimeMillis, long endTimeMillis,
+            @NonNull RemoteCallback callback) {
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(uid == Process.INVALID_UID || uid >= 0,
+                "uid must be " + Process.INVALID_UID + " or non negative");
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(beginTimeMillis >= 0 && beginTimeMillis < endTimeMillis,
+                "beginTimeMillis must be non negative and lesser than endTimeMillis");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "callback cannot be null");
+        checkValidOpsOrNull(opNames);
+
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.GET_APP_OPS_STATS,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), "getHistoricalOps");
+
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.getHistoricalOpsFromDiskRaw(uid, packageName, opNames,
+                beginTimeMillis, endTimeMillis, callback);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> getUidOps(int uid, int[] ops) {
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.GET_APP_OPS_STATS,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), null);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, false);
+            if (uidState == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            ArrayList<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> resOps = collectOps(uidState.opModes, ops);
+            if (resOps == null) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            ArrayList<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> res = new ArrayList<AppOpsManager.PackageOps>();
+            AppOpsManager.PackageOps resPackage = new AppOpsManager.PackageOps(
+                    null, uidState.uid, resOps);
+            res.add(resPackage);
+            return res;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void pruneOp(Op op, int uid, String packageName) {
+        if (!op.hasAnyTime()) {
+            Ops ops = getOpsRawLocked(uid, packageName, false /* edit */,
+                    false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+            if (ops != null) {
+                ops.remove(op.op);
+                if (ops.size() <= 0) {
+                    UidState uidState = ops.uidState;
+                    ArrayMap<String, Ops> pkgOps = uidState.pkgOps;
+                    if (pkgOps != null) {
+                        pkgOps.remove(ops.packageName);
+                        if (pkgOps.isEmpty()) {
+                            uidState.pkgOps = null;
+                        }
+                        if (uidState.isDefault()) {
+                            mUidStates.remove(uid);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void enforceManageAppOpsModes(int callingPid, int callingUid, int targetUid) {
+        if (callingPid == Process.myPid()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        final int callingUser = UserHandle.getUserId(callingUid);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (mProfileOwners != null && mProfileOwners.get(callingUser, -1) == callingUid) {
+                if (targetUid >= 0 && callingUser == UserHandle.getUserId(targetUid)) {
+                    // Profile owners are allowed to change modes but only for apps
+                    // within their user.
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APP_OPS_MODES,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUidMode(int code, int uid, int mode) {
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            Slog.i(TAG, "uid " + uid + " OP_" + opToName(code) + " := " + modeToName(mode)
+                    + " by uid " + Binder.getCallingUid());
+        }
+
+        enforceManageAppOpsModes(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        code = AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(code);
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final int defaultMode = AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(code);
+
+            UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, false);
+            if (uidState == null) {
+                if (mode == defaultMode) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                uidState = new UidState(uid);
+                uidState.opModes = new SparseIntArray();
+                uidState.opModes.put(code, mode);
+                mUidStates.put(uid, uidState);
+                scheduleWriteLocked();
+            } else if (uidState.opModes == null) {
+                if (mode != defaultMode) {
+                    uidState.opModes = new SparseIntArray();
+                    uidState.opModes.put(code, mode);
+                    scheduleWriteLocked();
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(code) >= 0 && uidState.opModes.get(code) == mode) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if (mode == defaultMode) {
+                    uidState.opModes.delete(code);
+                    if (uidState.opModes.size() <= 0) {
+                        uidState.opModes = null;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    uidState.opModes.put(code, mode);
+                }
+                scheduleWriteLocked();
+            }
+        }
+
+        String[] uidPackageNames = getPackagesForUid(uid);
+        ArrayMap<ModeCallback, ArraySet<String>> callbackSpecs = null;
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = mOpModeWatchers.get(code);
+            if (callbacks != null) {
+                final int callbackCount = callbacks.size();
+                for (int i = 0; i < callbackCount; i++) {
+                    ModeCallback callback = callbacks.valueAt(i);
+                    ArraySet<String> changedPackages = new ArraySet<>();
+                    Collections.addAll(changedPackages, uidPackageNames);
+                    if (callbackSpecs == null) {
+                        callbackSpecs = new ArrayMap<>();
+                    }
+                    callbackSpecs.put(callback, changedPackages);
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (String uidPackageName : uidPackageNames) {
+                callbacks = mPackageModeWatchers.get(uidPackageName);
+                if (callbacks != null) {
+                    if (callbackSpecs == null) {
+                        callbackSpecs = new ArrayMap<>();
+                    }
+                    final int callbackCount = callbacks.size();
+                    for (int i = 0; i < callbackCount; i++) {
+                        ModeCallback callback = callbacks.valueAt(i);
+                        ArraySet<String> changedPackages = callbackSpecs.get(callback);
+                        if (changedPackages == null) {
+                            changedPackages = new ArraySet<>();
+                            callbackSpecs.put(callback, changedPackages);
+                        }
+                        changedPackages.add(uidPackageName);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (callbackSpecs == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < callbackSpecs.size(); i++) {
+            final ModeCallback callback = callbackSpecs.keyAt(i);
+            final ArraySet<String> reportedPackageNames = callbackSpecs.valueAt(i);
+            if (reportedPackageNames == null) {
+                mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                        AppOpsService::notifyOpChanged,
+                        this, callback, code, uid, (String) null));
+
+            } else {
+                final int reportedPackageCount = reportedPackageNames.size();
+                for (int j = 0; j < reportedPackageCount; j++) {
+                    final String reportedPackageName = reportedPackageNames.valueAt(j);
+                    mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                            AppOpsService::notifyOpChanged,
+                            this, callback, code, uid, reportedPackageName));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setMode(int code, int uid, String packageName, int mode) {
+        setMode(code, uid, packageName, mode, true, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the mode for a certain op and uid.
+     *
+     * @param code The op code to set
+     * @param uid The UID for which to set
+     * @param packageName The package for which to set
+     * @param mode The new mode to set
+     * @param verifyUid Iff {@code true}, check that the package name belongs to the uid
+     * @param isPrivileged Whether the package is privileged. (Only used if {@code verifyUid ==
+     *                     false})
+     */
+    private void setMode(int code, int uid, @NonNull String packageName, int mode,
+            boolean verifyUid, boolean isPrivileged) {
+        enforceManageAppOpsModes(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        ArraySet<ModeCallback> repCbs = null;
+        code = AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(code);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, false);
+            Op op = getOpLocked(code, uid, packageName, true, verifyUid, isPrivileged);
+            if (op != null) {
+                if (op.mode != mode) {
+                    op.mode = mode;
+                    if (uidState != null) {
+                        uidState.evalForegroundOps(mOpModeWatchers);
+                    }
+                    ArraySet<ModeCallback> cbs = mOpModeWatchers.get(code);
+                    if (cbs != null) {
+                        if (repCbs == null) {
+                            repCbs = new ArraySet<>();
+                        }
+                        repCbs.addAll(cbs);
+                    }
+                    cbs = mPackageModeWatchers.get(packageName);
+                    if (cbs != null) {
+                        if (repCbs == null) {
+                            repCbs = new ArraySet<>();
+                        }
+                        repCbs.addAll(cbs);
+                    }
+                    if (mode == AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(op.op)) {
+                        // If going into the default mode, prune this op
+                        // if there is nothing else interesting in it.
+                        pruneOp(op, uid, packageName);
+                    }
+                    scheduleFastWriteLocked();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (repCbs != null) {
+            mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                    AppOpsService::notifyOpChanged,
+                    this, repCbs, code, uid, packageName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOpChanged(ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks, int code,
+            int uid, String packageName) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < callbacks.size(); i++) {
+            final ModeCallback callback = callbacks.valueAt(i);
+            notifyOpChanged(callback, code, uid, packageName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOpChanged(ModeCallback callback, int code,
+            int uid, String packageName) {
+        if (uid != UID_ANY && callback.mWatchingUid >= 0 && callback.mWatchingUid != uid) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // There are components watching for mode changes such as window manager
+        // and location manager which are in our process. The callbacks in these
+        // components may require permissions our remote caller does not have.
+        final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            callback.mCallback.opChanged(code, uid, packageName);
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            /* ignore */
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static HashMap<ModeCallback, ArrayList<ChangeRec>> addCallbacks(
+            HashMap<ModeCallback, ArrayList<ChangeRec>> callbacks,
+            int op, int uid, String packageName, ArraySet<ModeCallback> cbs) {
+        if (cbs == null) {
+            return callbacks;
+        }
+        if (callbacks == null) {
+            callbacks = new HashMap<>();
+        }
+        boolean duplicate = false;
+        final int N = cbs.size();
+        for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
+            ModeCallback cb = cbs.valueAt(i);
+            ArrayList<ChangeRec> reports = callbacks.get(cb);
+            if (reports == null) {
+                reports = new ArrayList<>();
+                callbacks.put(cb, reports);
+            } else {
+                final int reportCount = reports.size();
+                for (int j = 0; j < reportCount; j++) {
+                    ChangeRec report = reports.get(j);
+                    if (report.op == op && report.pkg.equals(packageName)) {
+                        duplicate = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!duplicate) {
+                reports.add(new ChangeRec(op, uid, packageName));
+            }
+        }
+        return callbacks;
+    }
+
+    static final class ChangeRec {
+        final int op;
+        final int uid;
+        final String pkg;
+
+        ChangeRec(int _op, int _uid, String _pkg) {
+            op = _op;
+            uid = _uid;
+            pkg = _pkg;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetAllModes(int reqUserId, String reqPackageName) {
+        final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        reqUserId = ActivityManager.handleIncomingUser(callingPid, callingUid, reqUserId,
+                true, true, "resetAllModes", null);
+
+        int reqUid = -1;
+        if (reqPackageName != null) {
+            try {
+                reqUid = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(
+                        reqPackageName, PackageManager.MATCH_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES, reqUserId);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                /* ignore - local call */
+            }
+        }
+
+        enforceManageAppOpsModes(callingPid, callingUid, reqUid);
+
+        HashMap<ModeCallback, ArrayList<ChangeRec>> callbacks = null;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            boolean changed = false;
+            for (int i = mUidStates.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(i);
+
+                SparseIntArray opModes = uidState.opModes;
+                if (opModes != null && (uidState.uid == reqUid || reqUid == -1)) {
+                    final int uidOpCount = opModes.size();
+                    for (int j = uidOpCount - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                        final int code = opModes.keyAt(j);
+                        if (AppOpsManager.opAllowsReset(code)) {
+                            opModes.removeAt(j);
+                            if (opModes.size() <= 0) {
+                                uidState.opModes = null;
+                            }
+                            for (String packageName : getPackagesForUid(uidState.uid)) {
+                                callbacks = addCallbacks(callbacks, code, uidState.uid, packageName,
+                                        mOpModeWatchers.get(code));
+                                callbacks = addCallbacks(callbacks, code, uidState.uid, packageName,
+                                        mPackageModeWatchers.get(packageName));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (uidState.pkgOps == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                if (reqUserId != UserHandle.USER_ALL
+                        && reqUserId != UserHandle.getUserId(uidState.uid)) {
+                    // Skip any ops for a different user
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                Map<String, Ops> packages = uidState.pkgOps;
+                Iterator<Map.Entry<String, Ops>> it = packages.entrySet().iterator();
+                boolean uidChanged = false;
+                while (it.hasNext()) {
+                    Map.Entry<String, Ops> ent = it.next();
+                    String packageName = ent.getKey();
+                    if (reqPackageName != null && !reqPackageName.equals(packageName)) {
+                        // Skip any ops for a different package
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    Ops pkgOps = ent.getValue();
+                    for (int j=pkgOps.size()-1; j>=0; j--) {
+                        Op curOp = pkgOps.valueAt(j);
+                        if (AppOpsManager.opAllowsReset(curOp.op)
+                                && curOp.mode != AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(curOp.op)) {
+                            curOp.mode = AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(curOp.op);
+                            changed = true;
+                            uidChanged = true;
+                            callbacks = addCallbacks(callbacks, curOp.op, curOp.uid, packageName,
+                                    mOpModeWatchers.get(curOp.op));
+                            callbacks = addCallbacks(callbacks, curOp.op, curOp.uid, packageName,
+                                    mPackageModeWatchers.get(packageName));
+                            if (!curOp.hasAnyTime()) {
+                                pkgOps.removeAt(j);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (pkgOps.size() == 0) {
+                        it.remove();
+                    }
+                }
+                if (uidState.isDefault()) {
+                    mUidStates.remove(uidState.uid);
+                }
+                if (uidChanged) {
+                    uidState.evalForegroundOps(mOpModeWatchers);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (changed) {
+                scheduleFastWriteLocked();
+            }
+        }
+        if (callbacks != null) {
+            for (Map.Entry<ModeCallback, ArrayList<ChangeRec>> ent : callbacks.entrySet()) {
+                ModeCallback cb = ent.getKey();
+                ArrayList<ChangeRec> reports = ent.getValue();
+                for (int i=0; i<reports.size(); i++) {
+                    ChangeRec rep = reports.get(i);
+                    mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                            AppOpsService::notifyOpChanged,
+                            this, cb, rep.op, rep.uid, rep.pkg));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void evalAllForegroundOpsLocked() {
+        for (int uidi = mUidStates.size() - 1; uidi >= 0; uidi--) {
+            final UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(uidi);
+            if (uidState.foregroundOps != null) {
+                uidState.evalForegroundOps(mOpModeWatchers);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startWatchingMode(int op, String packageName, IAppOpsCallback callback) {
+        startWatchingModeWithFlags(op, packageName, 0, callback);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startWatchingModeWithFlags(int op, String packageName, int flags,
+            IAppOpsCallback callback) {
+        int watchedUid = -1;
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+        // TODO: should have a privileged permission to protect this.
+        // Also, if the caller has requested WATCH_FOREGROUND_CHANGES, should we require
+        // the USAGE_STATS permission since this can provide information about when an
+        // app is in the foreground?
+        Preconditions.checkArgumentInRange(op, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE,
+                AppOpsManager._NUM_OP - 1, "Invalid op code: " + op);
+        if (callback == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            op = (op != AppOpsManager.OP_NONE) ? AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(op) : op;
+            ModeCallback cb = mModeWatchers.get(callback.asBinder());
+            if (cb == null) {
+                cb = new ModeCallback(callback, watchedUid, flags, callingUid, callingPid);
+                mModeWatchers.put(callback.asBinder(), cb);
+            }
+            if (op != AppOpsManager.OP_NONE) {
+                ArraySet<ModeCallback> cbs = mOpModeWatchers.get(op);
+                if (cbs == null) {
+                    cbs = new ArraySet<>();
+                    mOpModeWatchers.put(op, cbs);
+                }
+                cbs.add(cb);
+            }
+            if (packageName != null) {
+                ArraySet<ModeCallback> cbs = mPackageModeWatchers.get(packageName);
+                if (cbs == null) {
+                    cbs = new ArraySet<>();
+                    mPackageModeWatchers.put(packageName, cbs);
+                }
+                cbs.add(cb);
+            }
+            evalAllForegroundOpsLocked();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopWatchingMode(IAppOpsCallback callback) {
+        if (callback == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            ModeCallback cb = mModeWatchers.remove(callback.asBinder());
+            if (cb != null) {
+                cb.unlinkToDeath();
+                for (int i=mOpModeWatchers.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
+                    ArraySet<ModeCallback> cbs = mOpModeWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    cbs.remove(cb);
+                    if (cbs.size() <= 0) {
+                        mOpModeWatchers.removeAt(i);
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int i=mPackageModeWatchers.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
+                    ArraySet<ModeCallback> cbs = mPackageModeWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    cbs.remove(cb);
+                    if (cbs.size() <= 0) {
+                        mPackageModeWatchers.removeAt(i);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            evalAllForegroundOpsLocked();
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public IBinder getToken(IBinder clientToken) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            ClientState cs = mClients.get(clientToken);
+            if (cs == null) {
+                cs = new ClientState(clientToken);
+                mClients.put(clientToken, cs);
+            }
+            return cs;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public CheckOpsDelegate getAppOpsServiceDelegate() {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            return mCheckOpsDelegate;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void setAppOpsServiceDelegate(CheckOpsDelegate delegate) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mCheckOpsDelegate = delegate;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int checkOperationRaw(int code, int uid, String packageName) {
+        return checkOperationInternal(code, uid, packageName, true /*raw*/);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int checkOperation(int code, int uid, String packageName) {
+        return checkOperationInternal(code, uid, packageName, false /*raw*/);
+    }
+
+    private int checkOperationInternal(int code, int uid, String packageName, boolean raw) {
+        final CheckOpsDelegate delegate;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            delegate = mCheckOpsDelegate;
+        }
+        if (delegate == null) {
+            return checkOperationImpl(code, uid, packageName, raw);
+        }
+        return delegate.checkOperation(code, uid, packageName, raw,
+                    AppOpsService.this::checkOperationImpl);
+    }
+
+    private int checkOperationImpl(int code, int uid, String packageName,
+                boolean raw) {
+        verifyIncomingUid(uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        String resolvedPackageName = resolvePackageName(uid, packageName);
+        if (resolvedPackageName == null) {
+            return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+        }
+        return checkOperationUnchecked(code, uid, resolvedPackageName, raw);
+    }
+
+    private int checkOperationUnchecked(int code, int uid, String packageName,
+                boolean raw) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            if (isOpRestrictedLocked(uid, code, packageName)) {
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+            }
+            code = AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(code);
+            UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, false);
+            if (uidState != null && uidState.opModes != null
+                    && uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(code) >= 0) {
+                final int rawMode = uidState.opModes.get(code);
+                return raw ? rawMode : uidState.evalMode(rawMode);
+            }
+            Op op = getOpLocked(code, uid, packageName, false, true, false);
+            if (op == null) {
+                return AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(code);
+            }
+            return op.mode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int checkAudioOperation(int code, int usage, int uid, String packageName) {
+        final CheckOpsDelegate delegate;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            delegate = mCheckOpsDelegate;
+        }
+        if (delegate == null) {
+            return checkAudioOperationImpl(code, usage, uid, packageName);
+        }
+        return delegate.checkAudioOperation(code, usage, uid, packageName,
+                AppOpsService.this::checkAudioOperationImpl);
+    }
+
+    private int checkAudioOperationImpl(int code, int usage, int uid, String packageName) {
+        boolean suspended;
+        try {
+            suspended = isPackageSuspendedForUser(packageName, uid);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+            // Package not found.
+            suspended = false;
+        }
+
+        if (suspended) {
+            Slog.i(TAG, "Audio disabled for suspended package=" + packageName
+                    + " for uid=" + uid);
+            return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final int mode = checkRestrictionLocked(code, usage, uid, packageName);
+            if (mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+                return mode;
+            }
+        }
+        return checkOperation(code, uid, packageName);
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPackageSuspendedForUser(String pkg, int uid) {
+        try {
+            return AppGlobals.getPackageManager().isPackageSuspendedForUser(
+                    pkg, UserHandle.getUserId(uid));
+        } catch (RemoteException re) {
+            throw new SecurityException("Could not talk to package manager service");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private int checkRestrictionLocked(int code, int usage, int uid, String packageName) {
+        final SparseArray<Restriction> usageRestrictions = mAudioRestrictions.get(code);
+        if (usageRestrictions != null) {
+            final Restriction r = usageRestrictions.get(usage);
+            if (r != null && !r.exceptionPackages.contains(packageName)) {
+                return r.mode;
+            }
+        }
+        return AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setAudioRestriction(int code, int usage, int uid, int mode,
+            String[] exceptionPackages) {
+        enforceManageAppOpsModes(Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), uid);
+        verifyIncomingUid(uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            SparseArray<Restriction> usageRestrictions = mAudioRestrictions.get(code);
+            if (usageRestrictions == null) {
+                usageRestrictions = new SparseArray<Restriction>();
+                mAudioRestrictions.put(code, usageRestrictions);
+            }
+            usageRestrictions.remove(usage);
+            if (mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+                final Restriction r = new Restriction();
+                r.mode = mode;
+                if (exceptionPackages != null) {
+                    final int N = exceptionPackages.length;
+                    r.exceptionPackages = new ArraySet<String>(N);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
+                        final String pkg = exceptionPackages[i];
+                        if (pkg != null) {
+                            r.exceptionPackages.add(pkg.trim());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                usageRestrictions.put(usage, r);
+            }
+        }
+
+        mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                AppOpsService::notifyWatchersOfChange, this, code, UID_ANY));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int checkPackage(int uid, String packageName) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(packageName);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            Ops ops = getOpsRawLocked(uid, packageName, true /* edit */,
+                    true /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+            if (ops != null) {
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED;
+            } else {
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int noteProxyOperation(int code, int proxyUid,
+            String proxyPackageName, int proxiedUid, String proxiedPackageName) {
+        verifyIncomingUid(proxyUid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        String resolveProxyPackageName = resolvePackageName(proxyUid, proxyPackageName);
+        if (resolveProxyPackageName == null) {
+            return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+        }
+        final int proxyMode = noteOperationUnchecked(code, proxyUid,
+                resolveProxyPackageName, -1, null);
+        if (proxyMode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED || Binder.getCallingUid() == proxiedUid) {
+            return proxyMode;
+        }
+        String resolveProxiedPackageName = resolvePackageName(proxiedUid, proxiedPackageName);
+        if (resolveProxiedPackageName == null) {
+            return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+        }
+        return noteOperationUnchecked(code, proxiedUid, resolveProxiedPackageName,
+                proxyMode, resolveProxyPackageName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int noteOperation(int code, int uid, String packageName) {
+        final CheckOpsDelegate delegate;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            delegate = mCheckOpsDelegate;
+        }
+        if (delegate == null) {
+            return noteOperationImpl(code, uid, packageName);
+        }
+        return delegate.noteOperation(code, uid, packageName,
+                AppOpsService.this::noteOperationImpl);
+    }
+
+    private int noteOperationImpl(int code, int uid, String packageName) {
+        verifyIncomingUid(uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        String resolvedPackageName = resolvePackageName(uid, packageName);
+        if (resolvedPackageName == null) {
+            return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+        }
+        return noteOperationUnchecked(code, uid, resolvedPackageName, 0, null);
+    }
+
+    private int noteOperationUnchecked(int code, int uid, String packageName,
+            int proxyUid, String proxyPackageName) {
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final Ops ops = getOpsRawLocked(uid, packageName, true /* edit */,
+                    false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+            if (ops == null) {
+                scheduleOpNotedIfNeededLocked(code, uid, packageName,
+                        AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
+                if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "noteOperation: no op for code " + code + " uid " + uid
+                        + " package " + packageName);
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED;
+            }
+            final Op op = getOpLocked(ops, code, true);
+            if (isOpRestrictedLocked(uid, code, packageName)) {
+                scheduleOpNotedIfNeededLocked(code, uid, packageName,
+                        AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED);
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+            }
+            final UidState uidState = ops.uidState;
+            if (op.duration == -1) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Noting op not finished: uid " + uid + " pkg " + packageName
+                        + " code " + code + " time=" + op.time[uidState.state]
+                        + " duration=" + op.duration);
+            }
+            op.duration = 0;
+            final int switchCode = AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(code);
+            // If there is a non-default per UID policy (we set UID op mode only if
+            // non-default) it takes over, otherwise use the per package policy.
+            if (uidState.opModes != null && uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(switchCode) >= 0) {
+                final int uidMode = uidState.evalMode(uidState.opModes.get(switchCode));
+                if (uidMode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+                    if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "noteOperation: uid reject #" + uidMode + " for code "
+                            + switchCode + " (" + code + ") uid " + uid + " package "
+                            + packageName);
+                    op.rejectTime[uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    scheduleOpNotedIfNeededLocked(code, uid, packageName, uidMode);
+                    mHistoricalRegistry.incrementOpRejected(op.op, uid, packageName,
+                            uidState.state);
+                    return uidMode;
+                }
+            } else {
+                final Op switchOp = switchCode != code ? getOpLocked(ops, switchCode, true) : op;
+                final int mode = switchOp.getMode();
+                if (mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED) {
+                    if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "noteOperation: reject #" + mode + " for code "
+                            + switchCode + " (" + code + ") uid " + uid + " package "
+                            + packageName);
+                    op.rejectTime[uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    scheduleOpNotedIfNeededLocked(op.op, uid, packageName, mode);
+                    mHistoricalRegistry.incrementOpRejected(op.op, uid, packageName,
+                            uidState.state);
+                    return mode;
+                }
+            }
+            if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "noteOperation: allowing code " + code + " uid " + uid
+                    + " package " + packageName);
+            op.time[uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            mHistoricalRegistry.incrementOpAccessedCount(op.op, uid, packageName,
+                    uidState.state);
+            op.rejectTime[uidState.state] = 0;
+            op.proxyUid = proxyUid;
+            op.proxyPackageName = proxyPackageName;
+            scheduleOpNotedIfNeededLocked(code, uid, packageName,
+                    AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED);
+            return AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startWatchingActive(int[] ops, IAppOpsActiveCallback callback) {
+        int watchedUid = -1;
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WATCH_APPOPS)
+                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            watchedUid = callingUid;
+        }
+        if (ops != null) {
+            Preconditions.checkArrayElementsInRange(ops, 0,
+                    AppOpsManager._NUM_OP - 1, "Invalid op code in: " + Arrays.toString(ops));
+        }
+        if (callback == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            SparseArray<ActiveCallback> callbacks = mActiveWatchers.get(callback.asBinder());
+            if (callbacks == null) {
+                callbacks = new SparseArray<>();
+                mActiveWatchers.put(callback.asBinder(), callbacks);
+            }
+            final ActiveCallback activeCallback = new ActiveCallback(callback, watchedUid,
+                    callingUid, callingPid);
+            for (int op : ops) {
+                callbacks.put(op, activeCallback);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopWatchingActive(IAppOpsActiveCallback callback) {
+        if (callback == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final SparseArray<ActiveCallback> activeCallbacks =
+                    mActiveWatchers.remove(callback.asBinder());
+            if (activeCallbacks == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            final int callbackCount = activeCallbacks.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < callbackCount; i++) {
+                activeCallbacks.valueAt(i).destroy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void startWatchingNoted(@NonNull int[] ops, @NonNull IAppOpsNotedCallback callback) {
+        int watchedUid = Process.INVALID_UID;
+        final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
+        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WATCH_APPOPS)
+                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+            watchedUid = callingUid;
+        }
+        Preconditions.checkArgument(!ArrayUtils.isEmpty(ops), "Ops cannot be null or empty");
+        Preconditions.checkArrayElementsInRange(ops, 0, AppOpsManager._NUM_OP - 1,
+                "Invalid op code in: " + Arrays.toString(ops));
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "Callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (this) {
+            SparseArray<NotedCallback> callbacks = mNotedWatchers.get(callback.asBinder());
+            if (callbacks == null) {
+                callbacks = new SparseArray<>();
+                mNotedWatchers.put(callback.asBinder(), callbacks);
+            }
+            final NotedCallback notedCallback = new NotedCallback(callback, watchedUid,
+                    callingUid, callingPid);
+            for (int op : ops) {
+                callbacks.put(op, notedCallback);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void stopWatchingNoted(IAppOpsNotedCallback callback) {
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(callback, "Callback cannot be null");
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final SparseArray<NotedCallback> notedCallbacks =
+                    mNotedWatchers.remove(callback.asBinder());
+            if (notedCallbacks == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            final int callbackCount = notedCallbacks.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < callbackCount; i++) {
+                notedCallbacks.valueAt(i).destroy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int startOperation(IBinder token, int code, int uid, String packageName,
+            boolean startIfModeDefault) {
+        verifyIncomingUid(uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        String resolvedPackageName = resolvePackageName(uid, packageName);
+        if (resolvedPackageName == null) {
+            return  AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+        }
+        ClientState client = (ClientState)token;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            final Ops ops = getOpsRawLocked(uid, resolvedPackageName, true /* edit */,
+                    false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+            if (ops == null) {
+                if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "startOperation: no op for code " + code + " uid " + uid
+                        + " package " + resolvedPackageName);
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_ERRORED;
+            }
+            final Op op = getOpLocked(ops, code, true);
+            if (isOpRestrictedLocked(uid, code, resolvedPackageName)) {
+                return AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED;
+            }
+            final int switchCode = AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(code);
+            final UidState uidState = ops.uidState;
+            // If there is a non-default per UID policy (we set UID op mode only if
+            // non-default) it takes over, otherwise use the per package policy.
+            if (uidState.opModes != null && uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(switchCode) >= 0) {
+                final int uidMode = uidState.evalMode(uidState.opModes.get(switchCode));
+                if (uidMode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED
+                        && (!startIfModeDefault || uidMode != AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT)) {
+                    if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "noteOperation: uid reject #" + uidMode + " for code "
+                            + switchCode + " (" + code + ") uid " + uid + " package "
+                            + resolvedPackageName);
+                    op.rejectTime[uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    mHistoricalRegistry.incrementOpRejected(op.op, uid, packageName,
+                            uidState.state);
+                    return uidMode;
+                }
+            } else {
+                final Op switchOp = switchCode != code ? getOpLocked(ops, switchCode, true) : op;
+                final int mode = switchOp.getMode();
+                if (mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED
+                        && (!startIfModeDefault || mode != AppOpsManager.MODE_DEFAULT)) {
+                    if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "startOperation: reject #" + mode + " for code "
+                            + switchCode + " (" + code + ") uid " + uid + " package "
+                            + resolvedPackageName);
+                    op.rejectTime[uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    mHistoricalRegistry.incrementOpRejected(op.op, uid, packageName,
+                            uidState.state);
+                    return mode;
+                }
+            }
+            if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "startOperation: allowing code " + code + " uid " + uid
+                    + " package " + resolvedPackageName);
+            if (op.startNesting == 0) {
+                op.startRealtime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+                op.time[uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                mHistoricalRegistry.incrementOpAccessedCount(op.op, uid, packageName,
+                        uidState.state);
+                op.rejectTime[uidState.state] = 0;
+                op.duration = -1;
+                scheduleOpActiveChangedIfNeededLocked(code, uid, packageName, true);
+            }
+            op.startNesting++;
+            uidState.startNesting++;
+            if (client.mStartedOps != null) {
+                client.mStartedOps.add(op);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return AppOpsManager.MODE_ALLOWED;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void finishOperation(IBinder token, int code, int uid, String packageName) {
+        verifyIncomingUid(uid);
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        String resolvedPackageName = resolvePackageName(uid, packageName);
+        if (resolvedPackageName == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!(token instanceof ClientState)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ClientState client = (ClientState) token;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            Op op = getOpLocked(code, uid, resolvedPackageName, true, true, false);
+            if (op == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!client.mStartedOps.remove(op)) {
+                // We finish ops when packages get removed to guarantee no dangling
+                // started ops. However, some part of the system may asynchronously
+                // finish ops for an already gone package. Hence, finishing an op
+                // for a non existing package is fine and we don't log as a wtf.
+                final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    if (LocalServices.getService(PackageManagerInternal.class).getPackageUid(
+                            resolvedPackageName, 0, UserHandle.getUserId(uid)) < 0) {
+                        Slog.i(TAG, "Finishing op=" + AppOpsManager.opToName(code)
+                                + " for non-existing package=" + resolvedPackageName
+                                + " in uid=" + uid);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+                }
+                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Operation not started: uid=" + op.uid + " pkg="
+                        + op.packageName + " op=" + AppOpsManager.opToName(op.op));
+                return;
+            }
+            finishOperationLocked(op, /*finishNested*/ false);
+            if (op.startNesting <= 0) {
+                scheduleOpActiveChangedIfNeededLocked(code, uid, packageName, false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleOpActiveChangedIfNeededLocked(int code, int uid, String packageName,
+            boolean active) {
+        ArraySet<ActiveCallback> dispatchedCallbacks = null;
+        final int callbackListCount = mActiveWatchers.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < callbackListCount; i++) {
+            final SparseArray<ActiveCallback> callbacks = mActiveWatchers.valueAt(i);
+            ActiveCallback callback = callbacks.get(code);
+            if (callback != null) {
+                if (callback.mWatchingUid >= 0 && callback.mWatchingUid != uid) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (dispatchedCallbacks == null) {
+                    dispatchedCallbacks = new ArraySet<>();
+                }
+                dispatchedCallbacks.add(callback);
+            }
+        }
+        if (dispatchedCallbacks == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                AppOpsService::notifyOpActiveChanged,
+                this, dispatchedCallbacks, code, uid, packageName, active));
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOpActiveChanged(ArraySet<ActiveCallback> callbacks,
+            int code, int uid, String packageName, boolean active) {
+        // There are components watching for mode changes such as window manager
+        // and location manager which are in our process. The callbacks in these
+        // components may require permissions our remote caller does not have.
+        final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            final int callbackCount = callbacks.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < callbackCount; i++) {
+                final ActiveCallback callback = callbacks.valueAt(i);
+                try {
+                    callback.mCallback.opActiveChanged(code, uid, packageName, active);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    /* do nothing */
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleOpNotedIfNeededLocked(int code, int uid, String packageName,
+            int result) {
+        ArraySet<NotedCallback> dispatchedCallbacks = null;
+        final int callbackListCount = mNotedWatchers.size();
+        for (int i = 0; i < callbackListCount; i++) {
+            final SparseArray<NotedCallback> callbacks = mNotedWatchers.valueAt(i);
+            final NotedCallback callback = callbacks.get(code);
+            if (callback != null) {
+                if (callback.mWatchingUid >= 0 && callback.mWatchingUid != uid) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (dispatchedCallbacks == null) {
+                    dispatchedCallbacks = new ArraySet<>();
+                }
+                dispatchedCallbacks.add(callback);
+            }
+        }
+        if (dispatchedCallbacks == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                AppOpsService::notifyOpChecked,
+                this, dispatchedCallbacks, code, uid, packageName, result));
+    }
+
+    private void notifyOpChecked(ArraySet<NotedCallback> callbacks,
+            int code, int uid, String packageName, int result) {
+        // There are components watching for checks in our process. The callbacks in
+        // these components may require permissions our remote caller does not have.
+        final long identity = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+        try {
+            final int callbackCount = callbacks.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < callbackCount; i++) {
+                final NotedCallback callback = callbacks.valueAt(i);
+                try {
+                    callback.mCallback.opNoted(code, uid, packageName, result);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    /* do nothing */
+                }
+            }
+        } finally {
+            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(identity);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int permissionToOpCode(String permission) {
+        if (permission == null) {
+            return AppOpsManager.OP_NONE;
+        }
+        return AppOpsManager.permissionToOpCode(permission);
+    }
+
+    void finishOperationLocked(Op op, boolean finishNested) {
+        if (op.startNesting <= 1 || finishNested) {
+            if (op.startNesting == 1 || finishNested) {
+                op.duration = (int)(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - op.startRealtime);
+                mHistoricalRegistry.increaseOpAccessDuration(op.op, op.uid, op.packageName,
+                        op.uidState.state, op.duration);
+                op.time[op.uidState.state] = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            } else {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Finishing op nesting under-run: uid " + op.uid + " pkg "
+                        + op.packageName + " code " + op.op + " time=" + op.time
+                        + " duration=" + op.duration + " nesting=" + op.startNesting);
+            }
+            if (op.startNesting >= 1) {
+                op.uidState.startNesting -= op.startNesting;
+            }
+            op.startNesting = 0;
+        } else {
+            op.startNesting--;
+            op.uidState.startNesting--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void verifyIncomingUid(int uid) {
+        if (uid == Binder.getCallingUid()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        if (Binder.getCallingPid() == Process.myPid()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        mContext.enforcePermission(android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_APP_OPS_STATS,
+                Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), null);
+    }
+
+    private void verifyIncomingOp(int op) {
+        if (op >= 0 && op < AppOpsManager._NUM_OP) {
+            return;
+        }
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad operation #" + op);
+    }
+
+    private UidState getUidStateLocked(int uid, boolean edit) {
+        UidState uidState = mUidStates.get(uid);
+        if (uidState == null) {
+            if (!edit) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            uidState = new UidState(uid);
+            mUidStates.put(uid, uidState);
+        } else {
+            if (uidState.pendingStateCommitTime != 0) {
+                if (uidState.pendingStateCommitTime < mLastRealtime) {
+                    commitUidPendingStateLocked(uidState);
+                } else {
+                    mLastRealtime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+                    if (uidState.pendingStateCommitTime < mLastRealtime) {
+                        commitUidPendingStateLocked(uidState);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return uidState;
+    }
+
+    private void commitUidPendingStateLocked(UidState uidState) {
+        final boolean lastForeground = uidState.state <= UID_STATE_LAST_NON_RESTRICTED;
+        final boolean nowForeground = uidState.pendingState <= UID_STATE_LAST_NON_RESTRICTED;
+        uidState.state = uidState.pendingState;
+        uidState.pendingStateCommitTime = 0;
+        if (uidState.hasForegroundWatchers && lastForeground != nowForeground) {
+            for (int fgi = uidState.foregroundOps.size() - 1; fgi >= 0; fgi--) {
+                if (!uidState.foregroundOps.valueAt(fgi)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                final int code = uidState.foregroundOps.keyAt(fgi);
+
+                final ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = mOpModeWatchers.get(code);
+                if (callbacks != null) {
+                    for (int cbi = callbacks.size() - 1; cbi >= 0; cbi--) {
+                        final ModeCallback callback = callbacks.valueAt(cbi);
+                        if ((callback.mFlags & AppOpsManager.WATCH_FOREGROUND_CHANGES) == 0
+                                || !callback.isWatchingUid(uidState.uid)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        boolean doAllPackages = uidState.opModes != null
+                                && uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(code) >= 0
+                                && uidState.opModes.get(code) == AppOpsManager.MODE_FOREGROUND;
+                        if (uidState.pkgOps != null) {
+                            for (int pkgi = uidState.pkgOps.size() - 1; pkgi >= 0; pkgi--) {
+                                final Op op = uidState.pkgOps.valueAt(pkgi).get(code);
+                                if (doAllPackages || (op != null
+                                        && op.mode == AppOpsManager.MODE_FOREGROUND)) {
+                                    mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                                            AppOpsService::notifyOpChanged,
+                                            this, callback, code, uidState.uid,
+                                            uidState.pkgOps.keyAt(pkgi)));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Ops getOpsRawLocked(int uid, String packageName, boolean edit,
+            boolean uidMismatchExpected) {
+        UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, edit);
+        if (uidState == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (uidState.pkgOps == null) {
+            if (!edit) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            uidState.pkgOps = new ArrayMap<>();
+        }
+
+        Ops ops = uidState.pkgOps.get(packageName);
+        if (ops == null) {
+            if (!edit) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            boolean isPrivileged = false;
+            // This is the first time we have seen this package name under this uid,
+            // so let's make sure it is valid.
+            if (uid != 0) {
+                final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                try {
+                    int pkgUid = -1;
+                    try {
+                        ApplicationInfo appInfo = ActivityThread.getPackageManager()
+                                .getApplicationInfo(packageName,
+                                        PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_AWARE
+                                                | PackageManager.MATCH_DIRECT_BOOT_UNAWARE,
+                                        UserHandle.getUserId(uid));
+                        if (appInfo != null) {
+                            pkgUid = appInfo.uid;
+                            isPrivileged = (appInfo.privateFlags
+                                    & ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED) != 0;
+                        } else {
+                            pkgUid = resolveUid(packageName);
+                            if (pkgUid >= 0) {
+                                isPrivileged = false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                        Slog.w(TAG, "Could not contact PackageManager", e);
+                    }
+                    if (pkgUid != uid) {
+                        // Oops!  The package name is not valid for the uid they are calling
+                        // under.  Abort.
+                        if (!uidMismatchExpected) {
+                            RuntimeException ex = new RuntimeException("here");
+                            ex.fillInStackTrace();
+                            Slog.w(TAG, "Bad call: specified package " + packageName
+                                    + " under uid " + uid + " but it is really " + pkgUid, ex);
+                        }
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                } finally {
+                    Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+                }
+            }
+            ops = new Ops(packageName, uidState, isPrivileged);
+            uidState.pkgOps.put(packageName, ops);
+        }
+        return ops;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the state of all ops for a package, <b>don't verify that package belongs to uid</b>.
+     *
+     * <p>Usually callers should use {@link #getOpLocked} and not call this directly.
+     *
+     * @param uid The uid the of the package
+     * @param packageName The package name for which to get the state for
+     * @param edit Iff {@code true} create the {@link Ops} object if not yet created
+     * @param isPrivileged Whether the package is privileged or not
+     *
+     * @return The {@link Ops state} of all ops for the package
+     */
+    private @Nullable Ops getOpsRawNoVerifyLocked(int uid, @NonNull String packageName,
+            boolean edit, boolean isPrivileged) {
+        UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, edit);
+        if (uidState == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (uidState.pkgOps == null) {
+            if (!edit) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            uidState.pkgOps = new ArrayMap<>();
+        }
+
+        Ops ops = uidState.pkgOps.get(packageName);
+        if (ops == null) {
+            if (!edit) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            ops = new Ops(packageName, uidState, isPrivileged);
+            uidState.pkgOps.put(packageName, ops);
+        }
+        return ops;
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleWriteLocked() {
+        if (!mWriteScheduled) {
+            mWriteScheduled = true;
+            mHandler.postDelayed(mWriteRunner, WRITE_DELAY);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void scheduleFastWriteLocked() {
+        if (!mFastWriteScheduled) {
+            mWriteScheduled = true;
+            mFastWriteScheduled = true;
+            mHandler.removeCallbacks(mWriteRunner);
+            mHandler.postDelayed(mWriteRunner, 10*1000);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the state of an op for a uid.
+     *
+     * @param code The code of the op
+     * @param uid The uid the of the package
+     * @param packageName The package name for which to get the state for
+     * @param edit Iff {@code true} create the {@link Op} object if not yet created
+     * @param verifyUid Iff {@code true} check that the package belongs to the uid
+     * @param isPrivileged Whether the package is privileged or not (only used if {@code verifyUid
+     *                     == false})
+     *
+     * @return The {@link Op state} of the op
+     */
+    private @Nullable Op getOpLocked(int code, int uid, @NonNull String packageName, boolean edit,
+            boolean verifyUid, boolean isPrivileged) {
+        Ops ops;
+
+        if (verifyUid) {
+            ops = getOpsRawLocked(uid, packageName, edit, false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+        }  else {
+            ops = getOpsRawNoVerifyLocked(uid, packageName, edit, isPrivileged);
+        }
+
+        if (ops == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return getOpLocked(ops, code, edit);
+    }
+
+    private Op getOpLocked(Ops ops, int code, boolean edit) {
+        Op op = ops.get(code);
+        if (op == null) {
+            if (!edit) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            op = new Op(ops.uidState, ops.packageName, code);
+            ops.put(code, op);
+        }
+        if (edit) {
+            scheduleWriteLocked();
+        }
+        return op;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isOpRestrictedLocked(int uid, int code, String packageName) {
+        int userHandle = UserHandle.getUserId(uid);
+        final int restrictionSetCount = mOpUserRestrictions.size();
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < restrictionSetCount; i++) {
+            // For each client, check that the given op is not restricted, or that the given
+            // package is exempt from the restriction.
+            ClientRestrictionState restrictionState = mOpUserRestrictions.valueAt(i);
+            if (restrictionState.hasRestriction(code, packageName, userHandle)) {
+                if (AppOpsManager.opAllowSystemBypassRestriction(code)) {
+                    // If we are the system, bypass user restrictions for certain codes
+                    synchronized (this) {
+                        Ops ops = getOpsRawLocked(uid, packageName, true /* edit */,
+                                false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+                        if ((ops != null) && ops.isPrivileged) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void readState() {
+        int oldVersion = NO_VERSION;
+        synchronized (mFile) {
+            synchronized (this) {
+                FileInputStream stream;
+                try {
+                    stream = mFile.openRead();
+                } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
+                    Slog.i(TAG, "No existing app ops " + mFile.getBaseFile() + "; starting empty");
+                    return;
+                }
+                boolean success = false;
+                mUidStates.clear();
+                try {
+                    XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
+                    parser.setInput(stream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+                    int type;
+                    while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG
+                            && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
+                        ;
+                    }
+
+                    if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException("no start tag found");
+                    }
+
+                    final String versionString = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "v");
+                    if (versionString != null) {
+                        oldVersion = Integer.parseInt(versionString);
+                    }
+
+                    int outerDepth = parser.getDepth();
+                    while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
+                            && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
+                        if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        String tagName = parser.getName();
+                        if (tagName.equals("pkg")) {
+                            readPackage(parser);
+                        } else if (tagName.equals("uid")) {
+                            readUidOps(parser);
+                        } else {
+                            Slog.w(TAG, "Unknown element under <app-ops>: "
+                                    + parser.getName());
+                            XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    success = true;
+                } catch (IllegalStateException e) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Failed parsing " + e);
+                } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Failed parsing " + e);
+                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Failed parsing " + e);
+                } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Failed parsing " + e);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Failed parsing " + e);
+                } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
+                    Slog.w(TAG, "Failed parsing " + e);
+                } finally {
+                    if (!success) {
+                        mUidStates.clear();
+                    }
+                    try {
+                        stream.close();
+                    } catch (IOException e) {
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        synchronized (this) {
+            upgradeLocked(oldVersion);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void upgradeRunAnyInBackgroundLocked() {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mUidStates.size(); i++) {
+            final UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(i);
+            if (uidState == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (uidState.opModes != null) {
+                final int idx = uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND);
+                if (idx >= 0) {
+                    uidState.opModes.put(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_ANY_IN_BACKGROUND,
+                            uidState.opModes.valueAt(idx));
+                }
+            }
+            if (uidState.pkgOps == null) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            boolean changed = false;
+            for (int j = 0; j < uidState.pkgOps.size(); j++) {
+                Ops ops = uidState.pkgOps.valueAt(j);
+                if (ops != null) {
+                    final Op op = ops.get(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_IN_BACKGROUND);
+                    if (op != null && op.mode != AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(op.op)) {
+                        final Op copy = new Op(op.uidState, op.packageName,
+                                AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_ANY_IN_BACKGROUND);
+                        copy.mode = op.mode;
+                        ops.put(AppOpsManager.OP_RUN_ANY_IN_BACKGROUND, copy);
+                        changed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (changed) {
+                uidState.evalForegroundOps(mOpModeWatchers);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void upgradeLocked(int oldVersion) {
+        if (oldVersion >= CURRENT_VERSION) {
+            return;
+        }
+        Slog.d(TAG, "Upgrading app-ops xml from version " + oldVersion + " to " + CURRENT_VERSION);
+        switch (oldVersion) {
+            case NO_VERSION:
+                upgradeRunAnyInBackgroundLocked();
+                // fall through
+            case 1:
+                // for future upgrades
+        }
+        scheduleFastWriteLocked();
+    }
+
+    void readUidOps(XmlPullParser parser) throws NumberFormatException,
+            XmlPullParserException, IOException {
+        final int uid = Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(null, "n"));
+        int outerDepth = parser.getDepth();
+        int type;
+        while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
+                && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
+            if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String tagName = parser.getName();
+            if (tagName.equals("op")) {
+                final int code = Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(null, "n"));
+                final int mode = Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(null, "m"));
+                UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, true);
+                if (uidState.opModes == null) {
+                    uidState.opModes = new SparseIntArray();
+                }
+                uidState.opModes.put(code, mode);
+            } else {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Unknown element under <uid-ops>: "
+                        + parser.getName());
+                XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void readPackage(XmlPullParser parser) throws NumberFormatException,
+            XmlPullParserException, IOException {
+        String pkgName = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "n");
+        int outerDepth = parser.getDepth();
+        int type;
+        while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
+                && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
+            if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String tagName = parser.getName();
+            if (tagName.equals("uid")) {
+                readUid(parser, pkgName);
+            } else {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Unknown element under <pkg>: "
+                        + parser.getName());
+                XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void readUid(XmlPullParser parser, String pkgName) throws NumberFormatException,
+            XmlPullParserException, IOException {
+        int uid = Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(null, "n"));
+        String isPrivilegedString = parser.getAttributeValue(null, "p");
+        boolean isPrivileged = false;
+        if (isPrivilegedString == null) {
+            try {
+                IPackageManager packageManager = ActivityThread.getPackageManager();
+                if (packageManager != null) {
+                    ApplicationInfo appInfo = ActivityThread.getPackageManager()
+                            .getApplicationInfo(pkgName, 0, UserHandle.getUserId(uid));
+                    if (appInfo != null) {
+                        isPrivileged = (appInfo.privateFlags
+                                & ApplicationInfo.PRIVATE_FLAG_PRIVILEGED) != 0;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Could not load data, don't add to cache so it will be loaded later.
+                    return;
+                }
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Could not contact PackageManager", e);
+            }
+        } else {
+            isPrivileged = Boolean.parseBoolean(isPrivilegedString);
+        }
+        int outerDepth = parser.getDepth();
+        int type;
+        while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT
+                && (type != XmlPullParser.END_TAG || parser.getDepth() > outerDepth)) {
+            if (type == XmlPullParser.END_TAG || type == XmlPullParser.TEXT) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            String tagName = parser.getName();
+            if (tagName.equals("op")) {
+                UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, true);
+                if (uidState.pkgOps == null) {
+                    uidState.pkgOps = new ArrayMap<>();
+                }
+
+                Op op = new Op(uidState, pkgName,
+                        Integer.parseInt(parser.getAttributeValue(null, "n")));
+
+                for (int i = parser.getAttributeCount()-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                    final String name = parser.getAttributeName(i);
+                    final String value = parser.getAttributeValue(i);
+                    switch (name) {
+                        case "m":
+                            op.mode = Integer.parseInt(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "d":
+                            op.duration = Integer.parseInt(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "pu":
+                            op.proxyUid = Integer.parseInt(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "pp":
+                            op.proxyPackageName = value;
+                            break;
+                        case "tp":
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_PERSISTENT] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "tt":
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_TOP] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "tfs":
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE]
+                                    = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "tf":
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_FOREGROUND] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "tb":
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_BACKGROUND] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "tc":
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_CACHED] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "rp":
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_PERSISTENT]
+                                    = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "rt":
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_TOP] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "rfs":
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_FOREGROUND_SERVICE]
+                                    = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "rf":
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_FOREGROUND]
+                                    = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "rb":
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_BACKGROUND]
+                                    = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "rc":
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_CACHED]
+                                    = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "t":
+                            // Backwards compat.
+                            op.time[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_TOP] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        case "r":
+                            // Backwards compat.
+                            op.rejectTime[AppOpsManager.UID_STATE_TOP] = Long.parseLong(value);
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            Slog.w(TAG, "Unknown attribute in 'op' tag: " + name);
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Ops ops = uidState.pkgOps.get(pkgName);
+                if (ops == null) {
+                    ops = new Ops(pkgName, uidState, isPrivileged);
+                    uidState.pkgOps.put(pkgName, ops);
+                }
+                ops.put(op.op, op);
+            } else {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Unknown element under <pkg>: "
+                        + parser.getName());
+                XmlUtils.skipCurrentTag(parser);
+            }
+        }
+        UidState uidState = getUidStateLocked(uid, false);
+        if (uidState != null) {
+            uidState.evalForegroundOps(mOpModeWatchers);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void writeState() {
+        synchronized (mFile) {
+            FileOutputStream stream;
+            try {
+                stream = mFile.startWrite();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to write state: " + e);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> allOps = getPackagesForOps(null);
+
+            try {
+                XmlSerializer out = new FastXmlSerializer();
+                out.setOutput(stream, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
+                out.startDocument(null, true);
+                out.startTag(null, "app-ops");
+                out.attribute(null, "v", String.valueOf(CURRENT_VERSION));
+
+                final int uidStateCount = mUidStates.size();
+                for (int i = 0; i < uidStateCount; i++) {
+                    UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(i);
+                    if (uidState.opModes != null && uidState.opModes.size() > 0) {
+                        out.startTag(null, "uid");
+                        out.attribute(null, "n", Integer.toString(uidState.uid));
+                        SparseIntArray uidOpModes = uidState.opModes;
+                        final int opCount = uidOpModes.size();
+                        for (int j = 0; j < opCount; j++) {
+                            final int op = uidOpModes.keyAt(j);
+                            final int mode = uidOpModes.valueAt(j);
+                            out.startTag(null, "op");
+                            out.attribute(null, "n", Integer.toString(op));
+                            out.attribute(null, "m", Integer.toString(mode));
+                            out.endTag(null, "op");
+                        }
+                        out.endTag(null, "uid");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (allOps != null) {
+                    String lastPkg = null;
+                    for (int i=0; i<allOps.size(); i++) {
+                        AppOpsManager.PackageOps pkg = allOps.get(i);
+                        if (!pkg.getPackageName().equals(lastPkg)) {
+                            if (lastPkg != null) {
+                                out.endTag(null, "pkg");
+                            }
+                            lastPkg = pkg.getPackageName();
+                            out.startTag(null, "pkg");
+                            out.attribute(null, "n", lastPkg);
+                        }
+                        out.startTag(null, "uid");
+                        out.attribute(null, "n", Integer.toString(pkg.getUid()));
+                        synchronized (this) {
+                            Ops ops = getOpsRawLocked(pkg.getUid(), pkg.getPackageName(),
+                                    false /* edit */, false /* uidMismatchExpected */);
+                            // Should always be present as the list of PackageOps is generated
+                            // from Ops.
+                            if (ops != null) {
+                                out.attribute(null, "p", Boolean.toString(ops.isPrivileged));
+                            } else {
+                                out.attribute(null, "p", Boolean.toString(false));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        List<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> ops = pkg.getOps();
+                        for (int j=0; j<ops.size(); j++) {
+                            AppOpsManager.OpEntry op = ops.get(j);
+                            out.startTag(null, "op");
+                            out.attribute(null, "n", Integer.toString(op.getOp()));
+                            if (op.getMode() != AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(op.getOp())) {
+                                out.attribute(null, "m", Integer.toString(op.getMode()));
+                            }
+                            for (int k = 0; k < _NUM_UID_STATE; k++) {
+                                final long time = op.getLastTimeFor(k);
+                                if (time != 0) {
+                                    out.attribute(null, UID_STATE_TIME_ATTRS[k],
+                                            Long.toString(time));
+                                }
+                                final long rejectTime = op.getLastRejectTimeFor(k);
+                                if (rejectTime != 0) {
+                                    out.attribute(null, UID_STATE_REJECT_ATTRS[k],
+                                            Long.toString(rejectTime));
+                                }
+                            }
+                            int dur = op.getDuration();
+                            if (dur != 0) {
+                                out.attribute(null, "d", Integer.toString(dur));
+                            }
+                            int proxyUid = op.getProxyUid();
+                            if (proxyUid != -1) {
+                                out.attribute(null, "pu", Integer.toString(proxyUid));
+                            }
+                            String proxyPackageName = op.getProxyPackageName();
+                            if (proxyPackageName != null) {
+                                out.attribute(null, "pp", proxyPackageName);
+                            }
+                            out.endTag(null, "op");
+                        }
+                        out.endTag(null, "uid");
+                    }
+                    if (lastPkg != null) {
+                        out.endTag(null, "pkg");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                out.endTag(null, "app-ops");
+                out.endDocument();
+                mFile.finishWrite(stream);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "Failed to write state, restoring backup.", e);
+                mFile.failWrite(stream);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static class Shell extends ShellCommand {
+        final IAppOpsService mInterface;
+        final AppOpsService mInternal;
+
+        int userId = UserHandle.USER_SYSTEM;
+        String packageName;
+        String opStr;
+        String modeStr;
+        int op;
+        int mode;
+        int packageUid;
+        int nonpackageUid;
+        final static Binder sBinder = new Binder();
+        IBinder mToken;
+
+        Shell(IAppOpsService iface, AppOpsService internal) {
+            mInterface = iface;
+            mInternal = internal;
+            try {
+                mToken = mInterface.getToken(sBinder);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public int onCommand(String cmd) {
+            return onShellCommand(this, cmd);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onHelp() {
+            PrintWriter pw = getOutPrintWriter();
+            dumpCommandHelp(pw);
+        }
+
+        static private int strOpToOp(String op, PrintWriter err) {
+            try {
+                return AppOpsManager.strOpToOp(op);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+            }
+            try {
+                return Integer.parseInt(op);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            }
+            try {
+                return AppOpsManager.strDebugOpToOp(op);
+            } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+                err.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int strModeToMode(String modeStr, PrintWriter err) {
+            for (int i = AppOpsManager.MODE_NAMES.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                if (AppOpsManager.MODE_NAMES[i].equals(modeStr)) {
+                    return i;
+                }
+            }
+            try {
+                return Integer.parseInt(modeStr);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            }
+            err.println("Error: Mode " + modeStr + " is not valid");
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        int parseUserOpMode(int defMode, PrintWriter err) throws RemoteException {
+            userId = UserHandle.USER_CURRENT;
+            opStr = null;
+            modeStr = null;
+            for (String argument; (argument = getNextArg()) != null;) {
+                if ("--user".equals(argument)) {
+                    userId = UserHandle.parseUserArg(getNextArgRequired());
+                } else {
+                    if (opStr == null) {
+                        opStr = argument;
+                    } else if (modeStr == null) {
+                        modeStr = argument;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (opStr == null) {
+                err.println("Error: Operation not specified.");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            op = strOpToOp(opStr, err);
+            if (op < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (modeStr != null) {
+                if ((mode=strModeToMode(modeStr, err)) < 0) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                mode = defMode;
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        int parseUserPackageOp(boolean reqOp, PrintWriter err) throws RemoteException {
+            userId = UserHandle.USER_CURRENT;
+            packageName = null;
+            opStr = null;
+            for (String argument; (argument = getNextArg()) != null;) {
+                if ("--user".equals(argument)) {
+                    userId = UserHandle.parseUserArg(getNextArgRequired());
+                } else {
+                    if (packageName == null) {
+                        packageName = argument;
+                    } else if (opStr == null) {
+                        opStr = argument;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (packageName == null) {
+                err.println("Error: Package name not specified.");
+                return -1;
+            } else if (opStr == null && reqOp) {
+                err.println("Error: Operation not specified.");
+                return -1;
+            }
+            if (opStr != null) {
+                op = strOpToOp(opStr, err);
+                if (op < 0) {
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                op = AppOpsManager.OP_NONE;
+            }
+            if (userId == UserHandle.USER_CURRENT) {
+                userId = ActivityManager.getCurrentUser();
+            }
+            nonpackageUid = -1;
+            try {
+                nonpackageUid = Integer.parseInt(packageName);
+            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+            }
+            if (nonpackageUid == -1 && packageName.length() > 1 && packageName.charAt(0) == 'u'
+                    && packageName.indexOf('.') < 0) {
+                int i = 1;
+                while (i < packageName.length() && packageName.charAt(i) >= '0'
+                        && packageName.charAt(i) <= '9') {
+                    i++;
+                }
+                if (i > 1 && i < packageName.length()) {
+                    String userStr = packageName.substring(1, i);
+                    try {
+                        int user = Integer.parseInt(userStr);
+                        char type = packageName.charAt(i);
+                        i++;
+                        int startTypeVal = i;
+                        while (i < packageName.length() && packageName.charAt(i) >= '0'
+                                && packageName.charAt(i) <= '9') {
+                            i++;
+                        }
+                        if (i > startTypeVal) {
+                            String typeValStr = packageName.substring(startTypeVal, i);
+                            try {
+                                int typeVal = Integer.parseInt(typeValStr);
+                                if (type == 'a') {
+                                    nonpackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(user,
+                                            typeVal + Process.FIRST_APPLICATION_UID);
+                                } else if (type == 's') {
+                                    nonpackageUid = UserHandle.getUid(user, typeVal);
+                                }
+                            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (nonpackageUid != -1) {
+                packageName = null;
+            } else {
+                packageUid = resolveUid(packageName);
+                if (packageUid < 0) {
+                    packageUid = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(packageName,
+                            PackageManager.MATCH_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES, userId);
+                }
+                if (packageUid < 0) {
+                    err.println("Error: No UID for " + packageName + " in user " + userId);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override public void onShellCommand(FileDescriptor in, FileDescriptor out,
+            FileDescriptor err, String[] args, ShellCallback callback,
+            ResultReceiver resultReceiver) {
+        (new Shell(this, this)).exec(this, in, out, err, args, callback, resultReceiver);
+    }
+
+    static void dumpCommandHelp(PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("AppOps service (appops) commands:");
+        pw.println("  help");
+        pw.println("    Print this help text.");
+        pw.println("  start [--user <USER_ID>] <PACKAGE | UID> <OP> ");
+        pw.println("    Starts a given operation for a particular application.");
+        pw.println("  stop [--user <USER_ID>] <PACKAGE | UID> <OP> ");
+        pw.println("    Stops a given operation for a particular application.");
+        pw.println("  set [--user <USER_ID>] <PACKAGE | UID> <OP> <MODE>");
+        pw.println("    Set the mode for a particular application and operation.");
+        pw.println("  get [--user <USER_ID>] <PACKAGE | UID> [<OP>]");
+        pw.println("    Return the mode for a particular application and optional operation.");
+        pw.println("  query-op [--user <USER_ID>] <OP> [<MODE>]");
+        pw.println("    Print all packages that currently have the given op in the given mode.");
+        pw.println("  reset [--user <USER_ID>] [<PACKAGE>]");
+        pw.println("    Reset the given application or all applications to default modes.");
+        pw.println("  write-settings");
+        pw.println("    Immediately write pending changes to storage.");
+        pw.println("  read-settings");
+        pw.println("    Read the last written settings, replacing current state in RAM.");
+        pw.println("  options:");
+        pw.println("    <PACKAGE> an Android package name.");
+        pw.println("    <OP>      an AppOps operation.");
+        pw.println("    <MODE>    one of allow, ignore, deny, or default");
+        pw.println("    <USER_ID> the user id under which the package is installed. If --user is not");
+        pw.println("              specified, the current user is assumed.");
+    }
+
+    static int onShellCommand(Shell shell, String cmd) {
+        if (cmd == null) {
+            return shell.handleDefaultCommands(cmd);
+        }
+        PrintWriter pw = shell.getOutPrintWriter();
+        PrintWriter err = shell.getErrPrintWriter();
+        try {
+            switch (cmd) {
+                case "set": {
+                    int res = shell.parseUserPackageOp(true, err);
+                    if (res < 0) {
+                        return res;
+                    }
+                    String modeStr = shell.getNextArg();
+                    if (modeStr == null) {
+                        err.println("Error: Mode not specified.");
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    final int mode = shell.strModeToMode(modeStr, err);
+                    if (mode < 0) {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    if (shell.packageName != null) {
+                        shell.mInterface.setMode(shell.op, shell.packageUid, shell.packageName,
+                                mode);
+                    } else {
+                        shell.mInterface.setUidMode(shell.op, shell.nonpackageUid, mode);
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "get": {
+                    int res = shell.parseUserPackageOp(false, err);
+                    if (res < 0) {
+                        return res;
+                    }
+
+                    List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> ops = new ArrayList<>();
+                    if (shell.packageName != null) {
+                        // Uid mode overrides package mode, so make sure it's also reported
+                        List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> r = shell.mInterface.getUidOps(
+                                shell.packageUid,
+                                shell.op != AppOpsManager.OP_NONE ? new int[]{shell.op} : null);
+                        if (r != null) {
+                            ops.addAll(r);
+                        }
+                        r = shell.mInterface.getOpsForPackage(
+                                shell.packageUid, shell.packageName,
+                                shell.op != AppOpsManager.OP_NONE ? new int[]{shell.op} : null);
+                        if (r != null) {
+                            ops.addAll(r);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        ops = shell.mInterface.getUidOps(
+                                shell.nonpackageUid,
+                                shell.op != AppOpsManager.OP_NONE ? new int[]{shell.op} : null);
+                    }
+                    if (ops == null || ops.size() <= 0) {
+                        pw.println("No operations.");
+                        if (shell.op > AppOpsManager.OP_NONE && shell.op < AppOpsManager._NUM_OP) {
+                            pw.println("Default mode: " + AppOpsManager.modeToName(
+                                    AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(shell.op)));
+                        }
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+                    for (int i=0; i<ops.size(); i++) {
+                        AppOpsManager.PackageOps packageOps = ops.get(i);
+                        if (packageOps.getPackageName() == null) {
+                            pw.print("Uid mode: ");
+                        }
+                        List<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> entries = packageOps.getOps();
+                        for (int j=0; j<entries.size(); j++) {
+                            AppOpsManager.OpEntry ent = entries.get(j);
+                            pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(ent.getOp()));
+                            pw.print(": ");
+                            pw.print(AppOpsManager.modeToName(ent.getMode()));
+                            if (ent.getTime() != 0) {
+                                pw.print("; time=");
+                                TimeUtils.formatDuration(now - ent.getTime(), pw);
+                                pw.print(" ago");
+                            }
+                            if (ent.getRejectTime() != 0) {
+                                pw.print("; rejectTime=");
+                                TimeUtils.formatDuration(now - ent.getRejectTime(), pw);
+                                pw.print(" ago");
+                            }
+                            if (ent.getDuration() == -1) {
+                                pw.print(" (running)");
+                            } else if (ent.getDuration() != 0) {
+                                pw.print("; duration=");
+                                TimeUtils.formatDuration(ent.getDuration(), pw);
+                            }
+                            pw.println();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "query-op": {
+                    int res = shell.parseUserOpMode(AppOpsManager.MODE_IGNORED, err);
+                    if (res < 0) {
+                        return res;
+                    }
+                    List<AppOpsManager.PackageOps> ops = shell.mInterface.getPackagesForOps(
+                            new int[] {shell.op});
+                    if (ops == null || ops.size() <= 0) {
+                        pw.println("No operations.");
+                        return 0;
+                    }
+                    for (int i=0; i<ops.size(); i++) {
+                        final AppOpsManager.PackageOps pkg = ops.get(i);
+                        boolean hasMatch = false;
+                        final List<AppOpsManager.OpEntry> entries = ops.get(i).getOps();
+                        for (int j=0; j<entries.size(); j++) {
+                            AppOpsManager.OpEntry ent = entries.get(j);
+                            if (ent.getOp() == shell.op && ent.getMode() == shell.mode) {
+                                hasMatch = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (hasMatch) {
+                            pw.println(pkg.getPackageName());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "reset": {
+                    String packageName = null;
+                    int userId = UserHandle.USER_CURRENT;
+                    for (String argument; (argument = shell.getNextArg()) != null;) {
+                        if ("--user".equals(argument)) {
+                            String userStr = shell.getNextArgRequired();
+                            userId = UserHandle.parseUserArg(userStr);
+                        } else {
+                            if (packageName == null) {
+                                packageName = argument;
+                            } else {
+                                err.println("Error: Unsupported argument: " + argument);
+                                return -1;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (userId == UserHandle.USER_CURRENT) {
+                        userId = ActivityManager.getCurrentUser();
+                    }
+
+                    shell.mInterface.resetAllModes(userId, packageName);
+                    pw.print("Reset all modes for: ");
+                    if (userId == UserHandle.USER_ALL) {
+                        pw.print("all users");
+                    } else {
+                        pw.print("user "); pw.print(userId);
+                    }
+                    pw.print(", ");
+                    if (packageName == null) {
+                        pw.println("all packages");
+                    } else {
+                        pw.print("package "); pw.println(packageName);
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "write-settings": {
+                    shell.mInternal.enforceManageAppOpsModes(Binder.getCallingPid(),
+                            Binder.getCallingUid(), -1);
+                    long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                    try {
+                        synchronized (shell.mInternal) {
+                            shell.mInternal.mHandler.removeCallbacks(shell.mInternal.mWriteRunner);
+                        }
+                        shell.mInternal.writeState();
+                        pw.println("Current settings written.");
+                    } finally {
+                        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "read-settings": {
+                    shell.mInternal.enforceManageAppOpsModes(Binder.getCallingPid(),
+                            Binder.getCallingUid(), -1);
+                    long token = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
+                    try {
+                        shell.mInternal.readState();
+                        pw.println("Last settings read.");
+                    } finally {
+                        Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(token);
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "start": {
+                    int res = shell.parseUserPackageOp(true, err);
+                    if (res < 0) {
+                        return res;
+                    }
+
+                    if (shell.packageName != null) {
+                        shell.mInterface.startOperation(shell.mToken,
+                                shell.op, shell.packageUid, shell.packageName, true);
+                    } else {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                case "stop": {
+                    int res = shell.parseUserPackageOp(true, err);
+                    if (res < 0) {
+                        return res;
+                    }
+
+                    if (shell.packageName != null) {
+                        shell.mInterface.finishOperation(shell.mToken,
+                                shell.op, shell.packageUid, shell.packageName);
+                    } else {
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                default:
+                    return shell.handleDefaultCommands(cmd);
+            }
+        } catch (RemoteException e) {
+            pw.println("Remote exception: " + e);
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private void dumpHelp(PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.println("AppOps service (appops) dump options:");
+        pw.println("  -h");
+        pw.println("    Print this help text.");
+        pw.println("  --op [OP]");
+        pw.println("    Limit output to data associated with the given app op code.");
+        pw.println("  --mode [MODE]");
+        pw.println("    Limit output to data associated with the given app op mode.");
+        pw.println("  --package [PACKAGE]");
+        pw.println("    Limit output to data associated with the given package name.");
+        pw.println("  --watchers");
+        pw.println("    Only output the watcher sections.");
+    }
+
+    private void dumpTimesLocked(PrintWriter pw, String firstPrefix, String prefix, long[] times,
+            long now, SimpleDateFormat sdf, Date date) {
+        boolean hasTime = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < _NUM_UID_STATE; i++) {
+            if (times[i] != 0) {
+                hasTime = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!hasTime) {
+            return;
+        }
+        boolean first = true;
+        for (int i = 0; i < _NUM_UID_STATE; i++) {
+            if (times[i] != 0) {
+                pw.print(first ? firstPrefix : prefix);
+                first = false;
+                pw.print(UID_STATE_NAMES[i]);
+                pw.print(" = ");
+                date.setTime(times[i]);
+                pw.print(sdf.format(date));
+                pw.print(" (");
+                TimeUtils.formatDuration(times[i]-now, pw);
+                pw.println(")");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
+        if (!DumpUtils.checkDumpAndUsageStatsPermission(mContext, TAG, pw)) return;
+
+        int dumpOp = OP_NONE;
+        String dumpPackage = null;
+        int dumpUid = Process.INVALID_UID;
+        int dumpMode = -1;
+        boolean dumpWatchers = false;
+
+        if (args != null) {
+            for (int i=0; i<args.length; i++) {
+                String arg = args[i];
+                if ("-h".equals(arg)) {
+                    dumpHelp(pw);
+                    return;
+                } else if ("-a".equals(arg)) {
+                    // dump all data
+                } else if ("--op".equals(arg)) {
+                    i++;
+                    if (i >= args.length) {
+                        pw.println("No argument for --op option");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    dumpOp = Shell.strOpToOp(args[i], pw);
+                    if (dumpOp < 0) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                } else if ("--package".equals(arg)) {
+                    i++;
+                    if (i >= args.length) {
+                        pw.println("No argument for --package option");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    dumpPackage = args[i];
+                    try {
+                        dumpUid = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().getPackageUid(dumpPackage,
+                                PackageManager.MATCH_KNOWN_PACKAGES | PackageManager.MATCH_INSTANT,
+                                0);
+                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    }
+                    if (dumpUid < 0) {
+                        pw.println("Unknown package: " + dumpPackage);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    dumpUid = UserHandle.getAppId(dumpUid);
+                } else if ("--mode".equals(arg)) {
+                    i++;
+                    if (i >= args.length) {
+                        pw.println("No argument for --mode option");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    dumpMode = Shell.strModeToMode(args[i], pw);
+                    if (dumpMode < 0) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                } else if ("--watchers".equals(arg)) {
+                    dumpWatchers = true;
+                } else if (arg.length() > 0 && arg.charAt(0) == '-'){
+                    pw.println("Unknown option: " + arg);
+                    return;
+                } else {
+                    pw.println("Unknown command: " + arg);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        synchronized (this) {
+            pw.println("Current AppOps Service state:");
+            mConstants.dump(pw);
+            pw.println();
+            final long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
+            final long nowElapsed = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
+            final long nowUptime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
+            final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
+            final Date date = new Date();
+            boolean needSep = false;
+            if (dumpOp < 0 && dumpMode < 0 && dumpPackage == null && mProfileOwners != null
+                    && !dumpWatchers) {
+                pw.println("  Profile owners:");
+                for (int poi = 0; poi < mProfileOwners.size(); poi++) {
+                    pw.print("    User #");
+                    pw.print(mProfileOwners.keyAt(poi));
+                    pw.print(": ");
+                    UserHandle.formatUid(pw, mProfileOwners.valueAt(poi));
+                    pw.println();
+                }
+                pw.println();
+            }
+            if (mOpModeWatchers.size() > 0) {
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int i=0; i<mOpModeWatchers.size(); i++) {
+                    if (dumpOp >= 0 && dumpOp != mOpModeWatchers.keyAt(i)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    boolean printedOpHeader = false;
+                    ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = mOpModeWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    for (int j=0; j<callbacks.size(); j++) {
+                        final ModeCallback cb = callbacks.valueAt(j);
+                        if (dumpPackage != null
+                                && dumpUid != UserHandle.getAppId(cb.mWatchingUid)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        needSep = true;
+                        if (!printedHeader) {
+                            pw.println("  Op mode watchers:");
+                            printedHeader = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!printedOpHeader) {
+                            pw.print("    Op ");
+                            pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(mOpModeWatchers.keyAt(i)));
+                            pw.println(":");
+                            printedOpHeader = true;
+                        }
+                        pw.print("      #"); pw.print(j); pw.print(": ");
+                        pw.println(cb);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (mPackageModeWatchers.size() > 0 && dumpOp < 0) {
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int i=0; i<mPackageModeWatchers.size(); i++) {
+                    if (dumpPackage != null && !dumpPackage.equals(mPackageModeWatchers.keyAt(i))) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    needSep = true;
+                    if (!printedHeader) {
+                        pw.println("  Package mode watchers:");
+                        printedHeader = true;
+                    }
+                    pw.print("    Pkg "); pw.print(mPackageModeWatchers.keyAt(i));
+                    pw.println(":");
+                    ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = mPackageModeWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    for (int j=0; j<callbacks.size(); j++) {
+                        pw.print("      #"); pw.print(j); pw.print(": ");
+                        pw.println(callbacks.valueAt(j));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (mModeWatchers.size() > 0 && dumpOp < 0) {
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int i=0; i<mModeWatchers.size(); i++) {
+                    final ModeCallback cb = mModeWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    if (dumpPackage != null
+                            && dumpUid != UserHandle.getAppId(cb.mWatchingUid)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    needSep = true;
+                    if (!printedHeader) {
+                        pw.println("  All op mode watchers:");
+                        printedHeader = true;
+                    }
+                    pw.print("    ");
+                    pw.print(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(mModeWatchers.keyAt(i))));
+                    pw.print(": "); pw.println(cb);
+                }
+            }
+            if (mActiveWatchers.size() > 0 && dumpMode < 0) {
+                needSep = true;
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int i = 0; i < mActiveWatchers.size(); i++) {
+                    final SparseArray<ActiveCallback> activeWatchers = mActiveWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    if (activeWatchers.size() <= 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    final ActiveCallback cb = activeWatchers.valueAt(0);
+                    if (dumpOp >= 0 && activeWatchers.indexOfKey(dumpOp) < 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (dumpPackage != null
+                            && dumpUid != UserHandle.getAppId(cb.mWatchingUid)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (!printedHeader) {
+                        pw.println("  All op active watchers:");
+                        printedHeader = true;
+                    }
+                    pw.print("    ");
+                    pw.print(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(
+                            mActiveWatchers.keyAt(i))));
+                    pw.println(" ->");
+                    pw.print("        [");
+                    final int opCount = activeWatchers.size();
+                    for (i = 0; i < opCount; i++) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            pw.print(' ');
+                        }
+                        pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(activeWatchers.keyAt(i)));
+                        if (i < opCount - 1) {
+                            pw.print(',');
+                        }
+                    }
+                    pw.println("]");
+                    pw.print("        ");
+                    pw.println(cb);
+                }
+            }
+            if (mNotedWatchers.size() > 0 && dumpMode < 0) {
+                needSep = true;
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int i = 0; i < mNotedWatchers.size(); i++) {
+                    final SparseArray<NotedCallback> notedWatchers = mNotedWatchers.valueAt(i);
+                    if (notedWatchers.size() <= 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    final NotedCallback cb = notedWatchers.valueAt(0);
+                    if (dumpOp >= 0 && notedWatchers.indexOfKey(dumpOp) < 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (dumpPackage != null
+                            && dumpUid != UserHandle.getAppId(cb.mWatchingUid)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (!printedHeader) {
+                        pw.println("  All op noted watchers:");
+                        printedHeader = true;
+                    }
+                    pw.print("    ");
+                    pw.print(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(
+                            mNotedWatchers.keyAt(i))));
+                    pw.println(" ->");
+                    pw.print("        [");
+                    final int opCount = notedWatchers.size();
+                    for (i = 0; i < opCount; i++) {
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                            pw.print(' ');
+                        }
+                        pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(notedWatchers.keyAt(i)));
+                        if (i < opCount - 1) {
+                            pw.print(',');
+                        }
+                    }
+                    pw.println("]");
+                    pw.print("        ");
+                    pw.println(cb);
+                }
+            }
+            if (mClients.size() > 0 && dumpMode < 0 && !dumpWatchers) {
+                needSep = true;
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int i=0; i<mClients.size(); i++) {
+                    boolean printedClient = false;
+                    ClientState cs = mClients.valueAt(i);
+                    if (cs.mStartedOps.size() > 0) {
+                        boolean printedStarted = false;
+                        for (int j=0; j<cs.mStartedOps.size(); j++) {
+                            Op op = cs.mStartedOps.get(j);
+                            if (dumpOp >= 0 && op.op != dumpOp) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            if (dumpPackage != null && !dumpPackage.equals(op.packageName)) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            if (!printedHeader) {
+                                pw.println("  Clients:");
+                                printedHeader = true;
+                            }
+                            if (!printedClient) {
+                                pw.print("    "); pw.print(mClients.keyAt(i)); pw.println(":");
+                                pw.print("      "); pw.println(cs);
+                                printedClient = true;
+                            }
+                            if (!printedStarted) {
+                                pw.println("      Started ops:");
+                                printedStarted = true;
+                            }
+                            pw.print("        "); pw.print("uid="); pw.print(op.uid);
+                            pw.print(" pkg="); pw.print(op.packageName);
+                            pw.print(" op="); pw.println(AppOpsManager.opToName(op.op));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (mAudioRestrictions.size() > 0 && dumpOp < 0 && dumpPackage != null
+                    && dumpMode < 0 && !dumpWatchers) {
+                boolean printedHeader = false;
+                for (int o=0; o<mAudioRestrictions.size(); o++) {
+                    final String op = AppOpsManager.opToName(mAudioRestrictions.keyAt(o));
+                    final SparseArray<Restriction> restrictions = mAudioRestrictions.valueAt(o);
+                    for (int i=0; i<restrictions.size(); i++) {
+                        if (!printedHeader){
+                            pw.println("  Audio Restrictions:");
+                            printedHeader = true;
+                            needSep = true;
+                        }
+                        final int usage = restrictions.keyAt(i);
+                        pw.print("    "); pw.print(op);
+                        pw.print(" usage="); pw.print(AudioAttributes.usageToString(usage));
+                        Restriction r = restrictions.valueAt(i);
+                        pw.print(": mode="); pw.println(AppOpsManager.modeToName(r.mode));
+                        if (!r.exceptionPackages.isEmpty()) {
+                            pw.println("      Exceptions:");
+                            for (int j=0; j<r.exceptionPackages.size(); j++) {
+                                pw.print("        "); pw.println(r.exceptionPackages.valueAt(j));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (needSep) {
+                pw.println();
+            }
+            for (int i=0; i<mUidStates.size(); i++) {
+                UidState uidState = mUidStates.valueAt(i);
+                final SparseIntArray opModes = uidState.opModes;
+                final ArrayMap<String, Ops> pkgOps = uidState.pkgOps;
+
+                if (dumpWatchers) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (dumpOp >= 0 || dumpPackage != null || dumpMode >= 0) {
+                    boolean hasOp = dumpOp < 0 || (uidState.opModes != null
+                            && uidState.opModes.indexOfKey(dumpOp) >= 0);
+                    boolean hasPackage = dumpPackage == null;
+                    boolean hasMode = dumpMode < 0;
+                    if (!hasMode && opModes != null) {
+                        for (int opi = 0; !hasMode && opi < opModes.size(); opi++) {
+                            if (opModes.valueAt(opi) == dumpMode) {
+                                hasMode = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (pkgOps != null) {
+                        for (int pkgi = 0;
+                                 (!hasOp || !hasPackage || !hasMode) && pkgi < pkgOps.size();
+                                 pkgi++) {
+                            Ops ops = pkgOps.valueAt(pkgi);
+                            if (!hasOp && ops != null && ops.indexOfKey(dumpOp) >= 0) {
+                                hasOp = true;
+                            }
+                            if (!hasMode) {
+                                for (int opi = 0; !hasMode && opi < ops.size(); opi++) {
+                                    if (ops.valueAt(opi).mode == dumpMode) {
+                                        hasMode = true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            if (!hasPackage && dumpPackage.equals(ops.packageName)) {
+                                hasPackage = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (uidState.foregroundOps != null && !hasOp) {
+                        if (uidState.foregroundOps.indexOfKey(dumpOp) > 0) {
+                            hasOp = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!hasOp || !hasPackage || !hasMode) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                pw.print("  Uid "); UserHandle.formatUid(pw, uidState.uid); pw.println(":");
+                pw.print("    state=");
+                pw.println(UID_STATE_NAMES[uidState.state]);
+                if (uidState.state != uidState.pendingState) {
+                    pw.print("    pendingState=");
+                    pw.println(UID_STATE_NAMES[uidState.pendingState]);
+                }
+                if (uidState.pendingStateCommitTime != 0) {
+                    pw.print("    pendingStateCommitTime=");
+                    TimeUtils.formatDuration(uidState.pendingStateCommitTime, nowElapsed, pw);
+                    pw.println();
+                }
+                if (uidState.startNesting != 0) {
+                    pw.print("    startNesting=");
+                    pw.println(uidState.startNesting);
+                }
+                if (uidState.foregroundOps != null && (dumpMode < 0
+                        || dumpMode == AppOpsManager.MODE_FOREGROUND)) {
+                    pw.println("    foregroundOps:");
+                    for (int j = 0; j < uidState.foregroundOps.size(); j++) {
+                        if (dumpOp >= 0 && dumpOp != uidState.foregroundOps.keyAt(j)) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        pw.print("      ");
+                        pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(uidState.foregroundOps.keyAt(j)));
+                        pw.print(": ");
+                        pw.println(uidState.foregroundOps.valueAt(j) ? "WATCHER" : "SILENT");
+                    }
+                    pw.print("    hasForegroundWatchers=");
+                    pw.println(uidState.hasForegroundWatchers);
+                }
+                needSep = true;
+
+                if (opModes != null) {
+                    final int opModeCount = opModes.size();
+                    for (int j = 0; j < opModeCount; j++) {
+                        final int code = opModes.keyAt(j);
+                        final int mode = opModes.valueAt(j);
+                        if (dumpOp >= 0 && dumpOp != code) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (dumpMode >= 0 && dumpMode != mode) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        pw.print("      "); pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(code));
+                        pw.print(": mode="); pw.println(AppOpsManager.modeToName(mode));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (pkgOps == null) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                for (int pkgi = 0; pkgi < pkgOps.size(); pkgi++) {
+                    final Ops ops = pkgOps.valueAt(pkgi);
+                    if (dumpPackage != null && !dumpPackage.equals(ops.packageName)) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    boolean printedPackage = false;
+                    for (int j=0; j<ops.size(); j++) {
+                        final Op op = ops.valueAt(j);
+                        if (dumpOp >= 0 && dumpOp != op.op) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (dumpMode >= 0 && dumpMode != op.mode) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (!printedPackage) {
+                            pw.print("    Package "); pw.print(ops.packageName); pw.println(":");
+                            printedPackage = true;
+                        }
+                        pw.print("      "); pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(op.op));
+                        pw.print(" ("); pw.print(AppOpsManager.modeToName(op.mode));
+                        final int switchOp = AppOpsManager.opToSwitch(op.op);
+                        if (switchOp != op.op) {
+                            pw.print(" / switch ");
+                            pw.print(AppOpsManager.opToName(switchOp));
+                            final Op switchObj = ops.get(switchOp);
+                            int mode = switchObj != null
+                                    ? switchObj.mode : AppOpsManager.opToDefaultMode(switchOp);
+                            pw.print("="); pw.print(AppOpsManager.modeToName(mode));
+                        }
+                        pw.println("): ");
+                        dumpTimesLocked(pw,
+                                "          Access: ",
+                                "                  ", op.time, now, sdf, date);
+                        dumpTimesLocked(pw,
+                                "          Reject: ",
+                                "                  ", op.rejectTime, now, sdf, date);
+                        if (op.duration == -1) {
+                            pw.print("          Running start at: ");
+                            TimeUtils.formatDuration(nowElapsed-op.startRealtime, pw);
+                            pw.println();
+                        } else if (op.duration != 0) {
+                            pw.print("          duration=");
+                            TimeUtils.formatDuration(op.duration, pw);
+                            pw.println();
+                        }
+                        if (op.startNesting != 0) {
+                            pw.print("          startNesting=");
+                            pw.println(op.startNesting);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (needSep) {
+                pw.println();
+            }
+
+            final int userRestrictionCount = mOpUserRestrictions.size();
+            for (int i = 0; i < userRestrictionCount; i++) {
+                IBinder token = mOpUserRestrictions.keyAt(i);
+                ClientRestrictionState restrictionState = mOpUserRestrictions.valueAt(i);
+                boolean printedTokenHeader = false;
+
+                if (dumpMode >= 0 || dumpWatchers) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                final int restrictionCount = restrictionState.perUserRestrictions != null
+                        ? restrictionState.perUserRestrictions.size() : 0;
+                if (restrictionCount > 0 && dumpPackage == null) {
+                    boolean printedOpsHeader = false;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < restrictionCount; j++) {
+                        int userId = restrictionState.perUserRestrictions.keyAt(j);
+                        boolean[] restrictedOps = restrictionState.perUserRestrictions.valueAt(j);
+                        if (restrictedOps == null) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (dumpOp >= 0 && (dumpOp >= restrictedOps.length
+                                || !restrictedOps[dumpOp])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (!printedTokenHeader) {
+                            pw.println("  User restrictions for token " + token + ":");
+                            printedTokenHeader = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!printedOpsHeader) {
+                            pw.println("      Restricted ops:");
+                            printedOpsHeader = true;
+                        }
+                        StringBuilder restrictedOpsValue = new StringBuilder();
+                        restrictedOpsValue.append("[");
+                        final int restrictedOpCount = restrictedOps.length;
+                        for (int k = 0; k < restrictedOpCount; k++) {
+                            if (restrictedOps[k]) {
+                                if (restrictedOpsValue.length() > 1) {
+                                    restrictedOpsValue.append(", ");
+                                }
+                                restrictedOpsValue.append(AppOpsManager.opToName(k));
+                            }
+                        }
+                        restrictedOpsValue.append("]");
+                        pw.print("        "); pw.print("user: "); pw.print(userId);
+                                pw.print(" restricted ops: "); pw.println(restrictedOpsValue);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                final int excludedPackageCount = restrictionState.perUserExcludedPackages != null
+                        ? restrictionState.perUserExcludedPackages.size() : 0;
+                if (excludedPackageCount > 0 && dumpOp < 0) {
+                    boolean printedPackagesHeader = false;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < excludedPackageCount; j++) {
+                        int userId = restrictionState.perUserExcludedPackages.keyAt(j);
+                        String[] packageNames = restrictionState.perUserExcludedPackages.valueAt(j);
+                        if (packageNames == null) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        boolean hasPackage;
+                        if (dumpPackage != null) {
+                            hasPackage = false;
+                            for (String pkg : packageNames) {
+                                if (dumpPackage.equals(pkg)) {
+                                    hasPackage = true;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            hasPackage = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!hasPackage) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (!printedTokenHeader) {
+                            pw.println("  User restrictions for token " + token + ":");
+                            printedTokenHeader = true;
+                        }
+                        if (!printedPackagesHeader) {
+                            pw.println("      Excluded packages:");
+                            printedPackagesHeader = true;
+                        }
+                        pw.print("        "); pw.print("user: "); pw.print(userId);
+                                pw.print(" packages: "); pw.println(Arrays.toString(packageNames));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.dump("  ", pw, dumpUid, dumpPackage, dumpOp);
+    }
+
+    private static final class Restriction {
+        private static final ArraySet<String> NO_EXCEPTIONS = new ArraySet<String>();
+        int mode;
+        ArraySet<String> exceptionPackages = NO_EXCEPTIONS;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUserRestrictions(Bundle restrictions, IBinder token, int userHandle) {
+        checkSystemUid("setUserRestrictions");
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(restrictions);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(token);
+        for (int i = 0; i < AppOpsManager._NUM_OP; i++) {
+            String restriction = AppOpsManager.opToRestriction(i);
+            if (restriction != null) {
+                setUserRestrictionNoCheck(i, restrictions.getBoolean(restriction, false), token,
+                        userHandle, null);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUserRestriction(int code, boolean restricted, IBinder token, int userHandle,
+            String[] exceptionPackages) {
+        if (Binder.getCallingPid() != Process.myPid()) {
+            mContext.enforcePermission(Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APP_OPS_RESTRICTIONS,
+                    Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid(), null);
+        }
+        if (userHandle != UserHandle.getCallingUserId()) {
+            if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission
+                    .INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
+                && mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission
+                    .INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                throw new SecurityException("Need INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS_FULL or"
+                        + " INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS to interact cross user ");
+            }
+        }
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        Preconditions.checkNotNull(token);
+        setUserRestrictionNoCheck(code, restricted, token, userHandle, exceptionPackages);
+    }
+
+    private void setUserRestrictionNoCheck(int code, boolean restricted, IBinder token,
+            int userHandle, String[] exceptionPackages) {
+        synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+            ClientRestrictionState restrictionState = mOpUserRestrictions.get(token);
+
+            if (restrictionState == null) {
+                try {
+                    restrictionState = new ClientRestrictionState(token);
+                } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                mOpUserRestrictions.put(token, restrictionState);
+            }
+
+            if (restrictionState.setRestriction(code, restricted, exceptionPackages, userHandle)) {
+                mHandler.sendMessage(PooledLambda.obtainMessage(
+                        AppOpsService::notifyWatchersOfChange, this, code, UID_ANY));
+            }
+
+            if (restrictionState.isDefault()) {
+                mOpUserRestrictions.remove(token);
+                restrictionState.destroy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void notifyWatchersOfChange(int code, int uid) {
+        final ArraySet<ModeCallback> clonedCallbacks;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            ArraySet<ModeCallback> callbacks = mOpModeWatchers.get(code);
+            if (callbacks == null) {
+                return;
+            }
+            clonedCallbacks = new ArraySet<>(callbacks);
+        }
+
+        notifyOpChanged(clonedCallbacks,  code, uid, null);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void removeUser(int userHandle) throws RemoteException {
+        checkSystemUid("removeUser");
+        synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+            final int tokenCount = mOpUserRestrictions.size();
+            for (int i = tokenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                ClientRestrictionState opRestrictions = mOpUserRestrictions.valueAt(i);
+                opRestrictions.removeUser(userHandle);
+            }
+            removeUidsForUserLocked(userHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isOperationActive(int code, int uid, String packageName) {
+        if (Binder.getCallingUid() != uid) {
+            if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Manifest.permission.WATCH_APPOPS)
+                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        verifyIncomingOp(code);
+        final String resolvedPackageName = resolvePackageName(uid, packageName);
+        if (resolvedPackageName == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+            for (int i = mClients.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                final ClientState client = mClients.valueAt(i);
+                for (int j = client.mStartedOps.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
+                    final Op op = client.mStartedOps.get(j);
+                    if (op.op == code && op.uid == uid) return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setHistoryParameters(@AppOpsManager.HistoricalMode int mode,
+            long baseSnapshotInterval, int compressionStep) {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APPOPS,
+                "setHistoryParameters");
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.setHistoryParameters(mode, baseSnapshotInterval, compressionStep);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void offsetHistory(long offsetMillis) {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APPOPS,
+                "offsetHistory");
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.offsetHistory(offsetMillis);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addHistoricalOps(HistoricalOps ops) {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APPOPS,
+                "addHistoricalOps");
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.addHistoricalOps(ops);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void resetHistoryParameters() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APPOPS,
+                "resetHistoryParameters");
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.resetHistoryParameters();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clearHistory() {
+        mContext.enforceCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.MANAGE_APPOPS,
+                "clearHistory");
+        // Must not hold the appops lock
+        mHistoricalRegistry.clearHistory();
+    }
+
+    private void removeUidsForUserLocked(int userHandle) {
+        for (int i = mUidStates.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+            final int uid = mUidStates.keyAt(i);
+            if (UserHandle.getUserId(uid) == userHandle) {
+                mUidStates.removeAt(i);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void checkSystemUid(String function) {
+        int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
+        if (uid != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
+            throw new SecurityException(function + " must by called by the system");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String resolvePackageName(int uid, String packageName)  {
+        if (uid == Process.ROOT_UID) {
+            return "root";
+        } else if (uid == Process.SHELL_UID) {
+            return "com.android.shell";
+        } else if (uid == Process.MEDIA_UID) {
+            return "media";
+        } else if (uid == Process.AUDIOSERVER_UID) {
+            return "audioserver";
+        } else if (uid == Process.CAMERASERVER_UID) {
+            return "cameraserver";
+        } else if (uid == Process.SYSTEM_UID && packageName == null) {
+            return "android";
+        }
+        return packageName;
+    }
+
+    private static int resolveUid(String packageName)  {
+        if (packageName == null) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        switch (packageName) {
+            case "root":
+                return Process.ROOT_UID;
+            case "shell":
+                return Process.SHELL_UID;
+            case "media":
+                return Process.MEDIA_UID;
+            case "audioserver":
+                return Process.AUDIOSERVER_UID;
+            case "cameraserver":
+                return Process.CAMERASERVER_UID;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    private static String[] getPackagesForUid(int uid) {
+        String[] packageNames = null;
+
+        // Very early during boot the package manager is not yet or not yet fully started. At this
+        // time there are no packages yet.
+        if (AppGlobals.getPackageManager() != null) {
+            try {
+                packageNames = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().getPackagesForUid(uid);
+            } catch (RemoteException e) {
+                /* ignore - local call */
+            }
+        }
+        if (packageNames == null) {
+            return EmptyArray.STRING;
+        }
+        return packageNames;
+    }
+
+    private static void checkValidOpsOrNull(String[] opNames) {
+        if (opNames != null) {
+            for (String opName : opNames) {
+                if (AppOpsManager.strOpToOp(opName) == AppOpsManager.OP_NONE) {
+                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown op: " + opName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class ClientRestrictionState implements DeathRecipient {
+        private final IBinder token;
+        SparseArray<boolean[]> perUserRestrictions;
+        SparseArray<String[]> perUserExcludedPackages;
+
+        public ClientRestrictionState(IBinder token)
+                throws RemoteException {
+            token.linkToDeath(this, 0);
+            this.token = token;
+        }
+
+        public boolean setRestriction(int code, boolean restricted,
+                String[] excludedPackages, int userId) {
+            boolean changed = false;
+
+            if (perUserRestrictions == null && restricted) {
+                perUserRestrictions = new SparseArray<>();
+            }
+
+            int[] users;
+            if (userId == UserHandle.USER_ALL) {
+                List<UserInfo> liveUsers = UserManager.get(mContext).getUsers(false);
+
+                users = new int[liveUsers.size()];
+                for (int i = 0; i < liveUsers.size(); i++) {
+                    users[i] = liveUsers.get(i).id;
+                }
+            } else {
+                users = new int[]{userId};
+            }
+
+            if (perUserRestrictions != null) {
+                int numUsers = users.length;
+
+                for (int i = 0; i < numUsers; i++) {
+                    int thisUserId = users[i];
+
+                    boolean[] userRestrictions = perUserRestrictions.get(thisUserId);
+                    if (userRestrictions == null && restricted) {
+                        userRestrictions = new boolean[AppOpsManager._NUM_OP];
+                        perUserRestrictions.put(thisUserId, userRestrictions);
+                    }
+                    if (userRestrictions != null && userRestrictions[code] != restricted) {
+                        userRestrictions[code] = restricted;
+                        if (!restricted && isDefault(userRestrictions)) {
+                            perUserRestrictions.remove(thisUserId);
+                            userRestrictions = null;
+                        }
+                        changed = true;
+                    }
+
+                    if (userRestrictions != null) {
+                        final boolean noExcludedPackages = ArrayUtils.isEmpty(excludedPackages);
+                        if (perUserExcludedPackages == null && !noExcludedPackages) {
+                            perUserExcludedPackages = new SparseArray<>();
+                        }
+                        if (perUserExcludedPackages != null && !Arrays.equals(excludedPackages,
+                                perUserExcludedPackages.get(thisUserId))) {
+                            if (noExcludedPackages) {
+                                perUserExcludedPackages.remove(thisUserId);
+                                if (perUserExcludedPackages.size() <= 0) {
+                                    perUserExcludedPackages = null;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                perUserExcludedPackages.put(thisUserId, excludedPackages);
+                            }
+                            changed = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            return changed;
+        }
+
+        public boolean hasRestriction(int restriction, String packageName, int userId) {
+            if (perUserRestrictions == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            boolean[] restrictions = perUserRestrictions.get(userId);
+            if (restrictions == null) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!restrictions[restriction]) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (perUserExcludedPackages == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            String[] perUserExclusions = perUserExcludedPackages.get(userId);
+            if (perUserExclusions == null) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            return !ArrayUtils.contains(perUserExclusions, packageName);
+        }
+
+        public void removeUser(int userId) {
+            if (perUserExcludedPackages != null) {
+                perUserExcludedPackages.remove(userId);
+                if (perUserExcludedPackages.size() <= 0) {
+                    perUserExcludedPackages = null;
+                }
+            }
+            if (perUserRestrictions != null) {
+                perUserRestrictions.remove(userId);
+                if (perUserRestrictions.size() <= 0) {
+                    perUserRestrictions = null;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        public boolean isDefault() {
+            return perUserRestrictions == null || perUserRestrictions.size() <= 0;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void binderDied() {
+            synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+                mOpUserRestrictions.remove(token);
+                if (perUserRestrictions == null) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                final int userCount = perUserRestrictions.size();
+                for (int i = 0; i < userCount; i++) {
+                    final boolean[] restrictions = perUserRestrictions.valueAt(i);
+                    final int restrictionCount = restrictions.length;
+                    for (int j = 0; j < restrictionCount; j++) {
+                        if (restrictions[j]) {
+                            final int changedCode = j;
+                            mHandler.post(() -> notifyWatchersOfChange(changedCode, UID_ANY));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                destroy();
+            }
+        }
+
+        public void destroy() {
+            token.unlinkToDeath(this, 0);
+        }
+
+        private boolean isDefault(boolean[] array) {
+            if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(array)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+            for (boolean value : array) {
+                if (value) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private final class AppOpsManagerInternalImpl extends AppOpsManagerInternal {
+        @Override public void setDeviceAndProfileOwners(SparseIntArray owners) {
+            synchronized (AppOpsService.this) {
+                mProfileOwners = owners;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void setUidMode(int code, int uid, int mode) {
+            AppOpsService.this.setUidMode(code, uid, mode);
+        }
+    }
+}