Teach PinnerService to pin parts of APKs

This change teaches PinnerService how to pin parts of APK files, with
the specific regions of interest described by a small metadata file in
the APK root directory. Apksig has been modified to annotate signed APKs
with pinning metadata.

This CL also fixes a few resource management bugs and enhances the
dumpsys output.

Test: built dummy camera app, pinned stuff, verified log output
Change-Id: If72709ad2c0f2ec748f547a48a289473e4c60bab
Bug: 65316207
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/PinnerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/PinnerService.java
index 2869114..5a25f48 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/PinnerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/PinnerService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server;
 
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+
 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
@@ -47,10 +49,18 @@
 import dalvik.system.VMRuntime;
 
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.Closeable;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+import java.io.DataInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 
+import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
+import java.util.zip.ZipException;
+import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
+
 /**
  * <p>PinnerService pins important files for key processes in memory.</p>
  * <p>Files to pin are specified in the config_defaultPinnerServiceFiles
@@ -60,16 +70,18 @@
 public final class PinnerService extends SystemService {
     private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
     private static final String TAG = "PinnerService";
+    private static final int MAX_CAMERA_PIN_SIZE = 80 * (1 << 20); //80MB max
+    private static final String PIN_META_FILENAME = "pinlist.meta";
+    private static final int PAGE_SIZE = (int) Os.sysconf(OsConstants._SC_PAGESIZE);
 
     private final Context mContext;
-    private final ArrayList<PinnedFile> mPinnedFiles = new ArrayList<PinnedFile>();
-    private final ArrayList<PinnedFile> mPinnedCameraFiles = new ArrayList<PinnedFile>();
     private final boolean mShouldPinCamera;
 
+    /* These lists protected by PinnerService monitor lock */
+    private final ArrayList<PinnedFile> mPinnedFiles = new ArrayList<PinnedFile>();
+    private final ArrayList<PinnedFile> mPinnedCameraFiles = new ArrayList<PinnedFile>();
+
     private BinderService mBinderService;
-
-    private final long MAX_CAMERA_PIN_SIZE = 80 * (1 << 20); //80MB max
-
     private PinnerHandler mPinnerHandler = null;
 
     private final BroadcastReceiver mBroadcastReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@@ -146,18 +158,18 @@
          // Files to pin come from the overlay and can be specified per-device config
         String[] filesToPin = mContext.getResources().getStringArray(
                 com.android.internal.R.array.config_defaultPinnerServiceFiles);
-        synchronized(this) {
-            // Continue trying to pin remaining files even if there is a failure
-            for (int i = 0; i < filesToPin.length; i++){
-                PinnedFile pf = pinFile(filesToPin[i], 0, 0, 0);
-                if (pf != null) {
-                    mPinnedFiles.add(pf);
-                    if (DEBUG) {
-                        Slog.i(TAG, "Pinned file = " + pf.mFilename);
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to pin file = " + filesToPin[i]);
-                }
+        // Continue trying to pin each file even if we fail to pin some of them
+        for (String fileToPin : filesToPin) {
+            PinnedFile pf = pinFile(fileToPin,
+                                    Integer.MAX_VALUE,
+                                    /*attemptPinIntrospection=*/false);
+            if (pf == null) {
+                Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to pin file = " + fileToPin);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            synchronized (this) {
+                mPinnedFiles.add(pf);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -166,44 +178,23 @@
      * Handler for camera pinning message
      */
     private void handlePinCamera(int userHandle) {
-        if (mShouldPinCamera) {
-            synchronized(this) {
-                boolean success = pinCamera(userHandle);
-                if (!success) {
-                    //this is not necessarily an error
-                    if (DEBUG) {
-                        Slog.v(TAG, "Failed to pin camera.");
-                    }
-                }
+        if (!mShouldPinCamera) return;
+        if (!pinCamera(userHandle)) {
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                Slog.v(TAG, "Failed to pin camera.");
             }
         }
     }
 
-    /**
-     *  determine if the camera app is already pinned by comparing the
-     *  intent resolution to the pinned files list
-     */
-    private boolean alreadyPinned(int userHandle) {
-        ApplicationInfo cameraInfo = getCameraInfo(userHandle);
-        if (cameraInfo == null ) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < mPinnedCameraFiles.size(); i++) {
-            if (mPinnedCameraFiles.get(i).mFilename.equals(cameraInfo.sourceDir)) {
-                if (DEBUG) {
-                  Slog.v(TAG, "Camera is already pinned");
-                }
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
     private void unpinCameraApp() {
-        for (int i = 0; i < mPinnedCameraFiles.size(); i++) {
-            unpinFile(mPinnedCameraFiles.get(i));
+        ArrayList<PinnedFile> pinnedCameraFiles;
+        synchronized (this) {
+            pinnedCameraFiles = new ArrayList<>(mPinnedCameraFiles);
+            mPinnedCameraFiles.clear();
         }
-        mPinnedCameraFiles.clear();
+        for (PinnedFile pinnedFile : pinnedCameraFiles) {
+            pinnedFile.close();
+        }
     }
 
     private boolean isResolverActivity(ActivityInfo info) {
@@ -255,15 +246,19 @@
 
         //pin APK
         String camAPK = cameraInfo.sourceDir;
-        PinnedFile pf = pinFile(camAPK, 0, 0, MAX_CAMERA_PIN_SIZE);
+        PinnedFile pf = pinFile(camAPK,
+                                MAX_CAMERA_PIN_SIZE,
+                                /*attemptPinIntrospection=*/true);
         if (pf == null) {
             Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to pin " + camAPK);
             return false;
         }
         if (DEBUG) {
-            Slog.i(TAG, "Pinned " + pf.mFilename);
+            Slog.i(TAG, "Pinned " + pf.fileName);
         }
-        mPinnedCameraFiles.add(pf);
+        synchronized (this) {
+            mPinnedCameraFiles.add(pf);
+        }
 
         // determine the ABI from either ApplicationInfo or Build
         String arch = "arm";
@@ -289,11 +284,13 @@
 
         //not pinning the oat/odex is not a fatal error
         for (String file : files) {
-            pf = pinFile(file, 0, 0, MAX_CAMERA_PIN_SIZE);
+            pf = pinFile(file, MAX_CAMERA_PIN_SIZE, /*attemptPinIntrospection=*/false);
             if (pf != null) {
-                mPinnedCameraFiles.add(pf);
+                synchronized (this) {
+                    mPinnedCameraFiles.add(pf);
+                }
                 if (DEBUG) {
-                    Slog.i(TAG, "Pinned " + pf.mFilename);
+                    Slog.i(TAG, "Pinned " + pf.fileName);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -302,70 +299,294 @@
     }
 
 
-    /** mlock length bytes of fileToPin in memory, starting at offset
-     *  length == 0 means pin from offset to end of file
-     *  maxSize == 0 means infinite
+    /** mlock length bytes of fileToPin in memory
+     *
+     * If attemptPinIntrospection is true, then treat the file to pin as a zip file and
+     * look for a "pinlist.meta" file in the archive root directory. The structure of this
+     * file is a PINLIST_META as described below:
+     *
+     * <pre>
+     *   PINLIST_META: PIN_RANGE*
+     *   PIN_RANGE: PIN_START PIN_LENGTH
+     *   PIN_START: big endian i32: offset in bytes of pin region from file start
+     *   PIN_LENGTH: big endian i32: length of pin region in bytes
+     * </pre>
+     *
+     * (We use big endian because that's what DataInputStream is hardcoded to use.)
+     *
+     * If attemptPinIntrospection is false, then we use a single implicit PIN_RANGE of (0,
+     * maxBytesToPin); that is, we attempt to pin the first maxBytesToPin bytes of the file.
+     *
+     * After we open a file, we march through the list of pin ranges and attempt to pin
+     * each one, stopping after we've pinned maxBytesToPin bytes. (We may truncate the last
+     * pinned range to fit.)  In this way, by choosing to emit certain PIN_RANGE pairs
+     * before others, file generators can express pins in priority order, making most
+     * effective use of the pinned-page quota.
+     *
+     * N.B. Each PIN_RANGE is clamped to the actual bounds of the file; all inputs have a
+     * meaningful interpretation. Also, a range locking a single byte of a page locks the
+     * whole page. Any truncated PIN_RANGE at EOF is ignored. Overlapping pinned entries
+     * are legal, but each pin of a byte counts toward the pin quota regardless of whether
+     * that byte has already been pinned, so the generator of PINLIST_META ought to ensure
+     * that ranges are non-overlapping.
+     *
+     * @param fileToPin Path to file to pin
+     * @param maxBytesToPin Maximum number of bytes to pin
+     * @param attemptPinIntrospection If true, try to open file as a
+     *   zip in order to extract the
+     * @return Pinned memory resource owner thing or null on error
      */
-    private static PinnedFile pinFile(String fileToPin, long offset, long length, long maxSize) {
-        FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
+    private static PinnedFile pinFile(String fileToPin,
+                                      int maxBytesToPin,
+                                      boolean attemptPinIntrospection) {
+        ZipFile fileAsZip = null;
+        InputStream pinRangeStream = null;
         try {
-            fd = Os.open(fileToPin,
-                    OsConstants.O_RDONLY | OsConstants.O_CLOEXEC | OsConstants.O_NOFOLLOW,
-                    OsConstants.O_RDONLY);
-
-            StructStat sb = Os.fstat(fd);
-
-            if (offset + length > sb.st_size) {
-                Os.close(fd);
-                Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to pin file " + fileToPin +
-                        ", request extends beyond end of file.  offset + length =  "
-                        + (offset + length) + ", file length = " + sb.st_size);
-                return null;
+            if (attemptPinIntrospection) {
+                fileAsZip = maybeOpenZip(fileToPin);
             }
 
-            if (length == 0) {
-                length = sb.st_size - offset;
+            if (fileAsZip != null) {
+                pinRangeStream = maybeOpenPinMetaInZip(fileAsZip, fileToPin);
             }
 
-            if (maxSize > 0 && length > maxSize) {
-                Slog.e(TAG, "Could not pin file " + fileToPin +
-                        ", size = " + length + ", maxSize = " + maxSize);
-                Os.close(fd);
-                return null;
-            }
+            Slog.d(TAG, "pinRangeStream: " + pinRangeStream);
 
-            long address = Os.mmap(0, length, OsConstants.PROT_READ,
-                    OsConstants.MAP_PRIVATE, fd, offset);
-            Os.close(fd);
-
-            Os.mlock(address, length);
-
-            return new PinnedFile(address, length, fileToPin);
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            Slog.e(TAG, "Could not pin file " + fileToPin + " with error " + e.getMessage());
-            if(fd.valid()) {
-                try {
-                    Os.close(fd);
-                }
-                catch (ErrnoException eClose) {
-                    Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to close fd, error = " + eClose.getMessage());
-                }
-            }
-            return null;
+            PinRangeSource pinRangeSource = (pinRangeStream != null)
+                ? new PinRangeSourceStream(pinRangeStream)
+                : new PinRangeSourceStatic(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE /* will be clipped */);
+            return pinFileRanges(fileToPin, maxBytesToPin, pinRangeSource);
+        } finally {
+            safeClose(pinRangeStream);
+            safeClose(fileAsZip);  // Also closes any streams we've opened
         }
     }
 
-    private static boolean unpinFile(PinnedFile pf) {
+    /**
+     * Attempt to open a file as a zip file. On any sort of corruption, log, swallow the
+     * error, and return null.
+     */
+    private static ZipFile maybeOpenZip(String fileName) {
+        ZipFile zip = null;
         try {
-            Os.munlock(pf.mAddress, pf.mLength);
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            Slog.e(TAG, "Failed to unpin file " + pf.mFilename + " with error " + e.getMessage());
-            return false;
+            zip = new ZipFile(fileName);
+        } catch (IOException ex) {
+            Slog.w(TAG,
+                   String.format(
+                       "could not open \"%s\" as zip: pinning as blob",
+                                 fileName),
+                   ex);
         }
-        if (DEBUG) {
-            Slog.i(TAG, "Unpinned file " + pf.mFilename );
+        return zip;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Open a pin metadata file in the zip if one is present.
+     *
+     * @param zipFile Zip file to search
+     * @return Open input stream or null on any error
+     */
+    private static InputStream maybeOpenPinMetaInZip(ZipFile zipFile, String fileName) {
+        ZipEntry pinMetaEntry = zipFile.getEntry(PIN_META_FILENAME);
+        InputStream pinMetaStream = null;
+        if (pinMetaEntry != null) {
+            try {
+                pinMetaStream = zipFile.getInputStream(pinMetaEntry);
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                Slog.w(TAG,
+                       String.format("error reading pin metadata \"%s\": pinning as blob",
+                                     fileName),
+                       ex);
+            }
         }
-        return true;
+        return pinMetaStream;
+    }
+
+    private static abstract class PinRangeSource {
+        /** Retrive a range to pin.
+         *
+         * @param outPinRange Receives the pin region
+         * @return True if we filled in outPinRange or false if we're out of pin entries
+         */
+        abstract boolean read(PinRange outPinRange);
+    }
+
+    private static final class PinRangeSourceStatic extends PinRangeSource {
+        private final int mPinStart;
+        private final int mPinLength;
+        private boolean mDone = false;
+
+        PinRangeSourceStatic(int pinStart, int pinLength) {
+            mPinStart = pinStart;
+            mPinLength = pinLength;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        boolean read(PinRange outPinRange) {
+            outPinRange.start = mPinStart;
+            outPinRange.length = mPinLength;
+            boolean done = mDone;
+            mDone = true;
+            return !done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final class PinRangeSourceStream extends PinRangeSource {
+        private final DataInputStream mStream;
+        private boolean mDone = false;
+
+        PinRangeSourceStream(InputStream stream) {
+            mStream = new DataInputStream(stream);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        boolean read(PinRange outPinRange) {
+            if (!mDone) {
+                try {
+                    outPinRange.start = mStream.readInt();
+                    outPinRange.length = mStream.readInt();
+                } catch (IOException ex) {
+                    mDone = true;
+                }
+            }
+            return !mDone;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper for pinFile.
+     *
+     * @param fileToPin Name of file to pin
+     * @param maxBytesToPin Maximum number of bytes to pin
+     * @param pinRangeSource Read PIN_RANGE entries from this stream to tell us what bytes
+     *   to pin.
+     * @return PinnedFile or null on error
+     */
+    private static PinnedFile pinFileRanges(
+        String fileToPin,
+        int maxBytesToPin,
+        PinRangeSource pinRangeSource)
+    {
+        FileDescriptor fd = new FileDescriptor();
+        long address = -1;
+        int mapSize = 0;
+
+        try {
+            int openFlags = (OsConstants.O_RDONLY |
+                             OsConstants.O_CLOEXEC |
+                             OsConstants.O_NOFOLLOW);
+            fd = Os.open(fileToPin, openFlags, 0);
+            mapSize = (int) Math.min(Os.fstat(fd).st_size, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+            address = Os.mmap(0, mapSize,
+                              OsConstants.PROT_READ,
+                              OsConstants.MAP_SHARED,
+                              fd, /*offset=*/0);
+
+            PinRange pinRange = new PinRange();
+            int bytesPinned = 0;
+
+            // We pin at page granularity, so make sure the limit is page-aligned
+            if (maxBytesToPin % PAGE_SIZE != 0) {
+                maxBytesToPin -= maxBytesToPin % PAGE_SIZE;
+            }
+
+            while (bytesPinned < maxBytesToPin && pinRangeSource.read(pinRange)) {
+                int pinStart = pinRange.start;
+                int pinLength = pinRange.length;
+                pinStart = clamp(0, pinStart, mapSize);
+                pinLength = clamp(0, pinLength, mapSize - pinStart);
+                pinLength = Math.min(maxBytesToPin - bytesPinned, pinLength);
+
+                // mlock doesn't require the region to be page-aligned, but we snap the
+                // lock region to page boundaries anyway so that we don't under-count
+                // locking a single byte of a page as a charge of one byte even though the
+                // OS will retain the whole page. Thanks to this adjustment, we slightly
+                // over-count the pin charge of back-to-back pins touching the same page,
+                // but better that than undercounting. Besides: nothing stops pin metafile
+                // creators from making the actual regions page-aligned.
+                pinLength += pinStart % PAGE_SIZE;
+                pinStart -= pinStart % PAGE_SIZE;
+                if (pinLength % PAGE_SIZE != 0) {
+                    pinLength += PAGE_SIZE - pinLength % PAGE_SIZE;
+                }
+                pinLength = clamp(0, pinLength, maxBytesToPin - bytesPinned);
+
+                if (pinLength > 0) {
+                    if (DEBUG) {
+                        Slog.d(TAG,
+                               String.format(
+                                   "pinning at %s %s bytes of %s",
+                                   pinStart, pinLength, fileToPin));
+                    }
+                    Os.mlock(address + pinStart, pinLength);
+                }
+                bytesPinned += pinLength;
+            }
+
+            PinnedFile pinnedFile = new PinnedFile(address, mapSize, fileToPin, bytesPinned);
+            address = -1;  // Ownership transferred
+            return pinnedFile;
+        } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
+            Slog.e(TAG, "Could not pin file " + fileToPin, ex);
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            safeClose(fd);
+            if (address >= 0) {
+                safeMunmap(address, mapSize);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int clamp(int min, int value, int max) {
+        return Math.max(min, Math.min(value, max));
+    }
+
+    private static void safeMunmap(long address, long mapSize) {
+        try {
+            Os.munmap(address, mapSize);
+        } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
+            Slog.w(TAG, "ignoring error in unmap", ex);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close FD, swallowing irrelevant errors.
+     */
+    private static void safeClose(@Nullable FileDescriptor fd) {
+        if (fd != null && fd.valid()) {
+            try {
+                Os.close(fd);
+            } catch (ErrnoException ex) {
+                // Swallow the exception: non-EBADF errors in close(2)
+                // indicate deferred paging write errors, which we
+                // don't care about here. The underlying file
+                // descriptor is always closed.
+                if (ex.errno == OsConstants.EBADF) {
+                    throw new AssertionError(ex);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close closeable thing, swallowing errors.
+     */
+    private static void safeClose(@Nullable Closeable thing) {
+        if (thing != null) {
+            try {
+                thing.close();
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                Slog.w(TAG, "ignoring error closing resource: " + thing, ex);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private synchronized ArrayList<PinnedFile> snapshotPinnedFiles() {
+        int nrPinnedFiles = mPinnedFiles.size() + mPinnedCameraFiles.size();
+        ArrayList<PinnedFile> pinnedFiles = new ArrayList<>(nrPinnedFiles);
+        pinnedFiles.addAll(mPinnedFiles);
+        pinnedFiles.addAll(mPinnedCameraFiles);
+        return pinnedFiles;
     }
 
     private final class BinderService extends Binder {
@@ -373,31 +594,44 @@
         protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter pw, String[] args) {
             if (!DumpUtils.checkDumpPermission(mContext, TAG, pw)) return;
             long totalSize = 0;
-            pw.println("Pinned Files:");
-            synchronized(this) {
-                for (int i = 0; i < mPinnedFiles.size(); i++) {
-                    pw.println(mPinnedFiles.get(i).mFilename);
-                    totalSize += mPinnedFiles.get(i).mLength;
-                }
-                for (int i = 0; i < mPinnedCameraFiles.size(); i++) {
-                    pw.println(mPinnedCameraFiles.get(i).mFilename);
-                    totalSize += mPinnedCameraFiles.get(i).mLength;
-                }
+            for (PinnedFile pinnedFile : snapshotPinnedFiles()) {
+                pw.format("%s %s\n", pinnedFile.fileName, pinnedFile.bytesPinned);
+                totalSize += pinnedFile.bytesPinned;
             }
-            pw.println("Total size: " + totalSize);
+            pw.format("Total size: %s\n", totalSize);
         }
     }
 
-    private static class PinnedFile {
-        long mAddress;
-        long mLength;
-        String mFilename;
+    private static final class PinnedFile implements AutoCloseable {
+        private long mAddress;
+        final int mapSize;
+        final String fileName;
+        final int bytesPinned;
 
-        PinnedFile(long address, long length, String filename) {
+        PinnedFile(long address, int mapSize, String fileName, int bytesPinned) {
              mAddress = address;
-             mLength = length;
-             mFilename = filename;
+             this.mapSize = mapSize;
+             this.fileName = fileName;
+             this.bytesPinned = bytesPinned;
         }
+
+        @Override
+        public void close() {
+            if (mAddress >= 0) {
+                safeMunmap(mAddress, mapSize);
+                mAddress = -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void finalize() {
+            close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    final static class PinRange {
+        int start;
+        int length;
     }
 
     final class PinnerHandler extends Handler {