diff --git a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/SmsHeader.java b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/SmsHeader.java
index 9492e0e..c32388f 100644
--- a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/SmsHeader.java
+++ b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/SmsHeader.java
@@ -190,7 +190,9 @@
     public static byte[] toByteArray(SmsHeader smsHeader) {
         if ((smsHeader.portAddrs == null) &&
             (smsHeader.concatRef == null) &&
-            (smsHeader.miscEltList.size() == 0)) {
+            (smsHeader.miscEltList.isEmpty()) &&
+            (smsHeader.languageShiftTable == 0) &&
+            (smsHeader.languageTable == 0)) {
             return null;
         }
 
diff --git a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GsmSMSDispatcher.java b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GsmSMSDispatcher.java
index d29e488..8a75f51 100644
--- a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GsmSMSDispatcher.java
+++ b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GsmSMSDispatcher.java
@@ -239,7 +239,11 @@
             byte[] data, PendingIntent sentIntent, PendingIntent deliveryIntent) {
         SmsMessage.SubmitPdu pdu = SmsMessage.getSubmitPdu(
                 scAddr, destAddr, destPort, data, (deliveryIntent != null));
-        sendRawPdu(pdu.encodedScAddress, pdu.encodedMessage, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
+        if (pdu != null) {
+            sendRawPdu(pdu.encodedScAddress, pdu.encodedMessage, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
+        } else {
+            Log.e(TAG, "GsmSMSDispatcher.sendData(): getSubmitPdu() returned null");
+        }
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
@@ -248,7 +252,11 @@
             PendingIntent sentIntent, PendingIntent deliveryIntent) {
         SmsMessage.SubmitPdu pdu = SmsMessage.getSubmitPdu(
                 scAddr, destAddr, text, (deliveryIntent != null));
-        sendRawPdu(pdu.encodedScAddress, pdu.encodedMessage, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
+        if (pdu != null) {
+            sendRawPdu(pdu.encodedScAddress, pdu.encodedMessage, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
+        } else {
+            Log.e(TAG, "GsmSMSDispatcher.sendText(): getSubmitPdu() returned null");
+        }
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
@@ -266,7 +274,11 @@
         SmsMessage.SubmitPdu pdu = SmsMessage.getSubmitPdu(scAddress, destinationAddress,
                 message, deliveryIntent != null, SmsHeader.toByteArray(smsHeader),
                 encoding, smsHeader.languageTable, smsHeader.languageShiftTable);
-        sendRawPdu(pdu.encodedScAddress, pdu.encodedMessage, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
+        if (pdu != null) {
+            sendRawPdu(pdu.encodedScAddress, pdu.encodedMessage, sentIntent, deliveryIntent);
+        } else {
+            Log.e(TAG, "GsmSMSDispatcher.sendNewSubmitPdu(): getSubmitPdu() returned null");
+        }
     }
 
     /** {@inheritDoc} */
diff --git a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/SmsMessage.java b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/SmsMessage.java
index 677923f..da60584 100644
--- a/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/SmsMessage.java
+++ b/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/SmsMessage.java
@@ -16,22 +16,22 @@
 
 package com.android.internal.telephony.gsm;
 
-import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.telephony.PhoneNumberUtils;
 import android.text.format.Time;
 import android.util.Log;
-import com.android.internal.telephony.IccUtils;
+
 import com.android.internal.telephony.EncodeException;
 import com.android.internal.telephony.GsmAlphabet;
+import com.android.internal.telephony.IccUtils;
 import com.android.internal.telephony.SmsHeader;
 import com.android.internal.telephony.SmsMessageBase;
 
 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
 
+import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.ENCODING_16BIT;
 import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.ENCODING_7BIT;
 import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.ENCODING_8BIT;
-import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.ENCODING_16BIT;
 import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.ENCODING_KSC5601;
 import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.ENCODING_UNKNOWN;
 import static android.telephony.SmsMessage.MAX_USER_DATA_BYTES;
@@ -240,18 +240,43 @@
             return null;
         }
 
+        if (encoding == ENCODING_UNKNOWN) {
+            // Find the best encoding to use
+            TextEncodingDetails ted = calculateLength(message, false);
+            encoding = ted.codeUnitSize;
+            languageTable = ted.languageTable;
+            languageShiftTable = ted.languageShiftTable;
+
+            if (encoding == ENCODING_7BIT && (languageTable != 0 || languageShiftTable != 0)) {
+                if (header != null) {
+                    SmsHeader smsHeader = SmsHeader.fromByteArray(header);
+                    if (smsHeader.languageTable != languageTable
+                            || smsHeader.languageShiftTable != languageShiftTable) {
+                        Log.w(LOG_TAG, "Updating language table in SMS header: "
+                                + smsHeader.languageTable + " -> " + languageTable + ", "
+                                + smsHeader.languageShiftTable + " -> " + languageShiftTable);
+                        smsHeader.languageTable = languageTable;
+                        smsHeader.languageShiftTable = languageShiftTable;
+                        header = SmsHeader.toByteArray(smsHeader);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    SmsHeader smsHeader = new SmsHeader();
+                    smsHeader.languageTable = languageTable;
+                    smsHeader.languageShiftTable = languageShiftTable;
+                    header = SmsHeader.toByteArray(smsHeader);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         SubmitPdu ret = new SubmitPdu();
         // MTI = SMS-SUBMIT, UDHI = header != null
         byte mtiByte = (byte)(0x01 | (header != null ? 0x40 : 0x00));
         ByteArrayOutputStream bo = getSubmitPduHead(
                 scAddress, destinationAddress, mtiByte,
                 statusReportRequested, ret);
+
         // User Data (and length)
         byte[] userData;
-        if (encoding == ENCODING_UNKNOWN) {
-            // First, try encoding it with the GSM alphabet
-            encoding = ENCODING_7BIT;
-        }
         try {
             if (encoding == ENCODING_7BIT) {
                 userData = GsmAlphabet.stringToGsm7BitPackedWithHeader(message, header,
@@ -283,6 +308,7 @@
         if (encoding == ENCODING_7BIT) {
             if ((0xff & userData[0]) > MAX_USER_DATA_SEPTETS) {
                 // Message too long
+                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Message too long (" + (0xff & userData[0]) + " septets)");
                 return null;
             }
             // TP-Data-Coding-Scheme
@@ -297,6 +323,7 @@
         } else { // assume UCS-2
             if ((0xff & userData[0]) > MAX_USER_DATA_BYTES) {
                 // Message too long
+                Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Message too long (" + (0xff & userData[0]) + " bytes)");
                 return null;
             }
             // TP-Data-Coding-Scheme