Fix AlarmManagerServiceTest and add some more tests

The tests were failing due to an NPE in SettingsProvider. Mocking the
content resolver to separate test code from internal details.
Added couple more tests.

Test: atest FrameworksMockingServicesTests:AlarmManagerServiceTest

Bug: 111454659
Change-Id: Ie9784a4645f4559254894a3904f0c156167d49c6
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java
index af33cbc..38b9647 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/AlarmManagerService.java
@@ -285,14 +285,21 @@
     @VisibleForTesting
     final class Constants extends ContentObserver {
         // Key names stored in the settings value.
-        private static final String KEY_MIN_FUTURITY = "min_futurity";
-        private static final String KEY_MIN_INTERVAL = "min_interval";
-        private static final String KEY_MAX_INTERVAL = "max_interval";
-        private static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME = "allow_while_idle_short_time";
-        private static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME = "allow_while_idle_long_time";
-        private static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_MIN_FUTURITY = "min_futurity";
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_MIN_INTERVAL = "min_interval";
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_MAX_INTERVAL = "max_interval";
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_SHORT_TIME = "allow_while_idle_short_time";
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_LONG_TIME = "allow_while_idle_long_time";
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_ALLOW_WHILE_IDLE_WHITELIST_DURATION
                 = "allow_while_idle_whitelist_duration";
-        private static final String KEY_LISTENER_TIMEOUT = "listener_timeout";
+        @VisibleForTesting
+        static final String KEY_LISTENER_TIMEOUT = "listener_timeout";
 
         // Keys for specifying throttling delay based on app standby bucketing
         private final String[] KEYS_APP_STANDBY_DELAY = {