Implement launch bounds logic in Android (2/3)

This CL implements the biggest chunk of launch bounds logic in Android
branch and combine ActivityLaunchParamsModifier logic into
TaskLaunchParamsModifier. It left some things to be implemented:
1) It didn't yet consider persisting/recovering data;
2) It didn't implement letterboxing/pillarboxing, but according to
offline chat this should be enforced after launch bounds policies by
system;
3) Immersive mode is not yet implemented, but that's more tied to
recovering previous immersive mode and we won't launch apps to immersive
mode directly in any case;
4) No last seen non-fullscreen bounds are set if display is fullscreen,
which could be useful when display windowing mode changes from
fullscreen to freeform at later time.

There are also some topics that for sure need future discussions, so I
left them out of this CL as well:
1) App controlled apps (not only bounds specified in ActivityOptions);
2) Metadata indicating that the app prefers tablet-like bounds for
freeform windows (i.e. w/o limiting window size to Nexus 5x screen
size);
3) Fixed maximized size, which indicates that the maximized size
shouldn't be changed due to display resolution or orientation changes;
4) What to do if app requests to launch an activity without any flag
that indicates a new task should be used, but with a preferred display
ID/bounds set to a different value than its current window;
5) Should insets be considered in launch bounds (AM side) or on WM side,
IIUC freeform windows don't need to consider insets, and fullscreen
windows are covered by WM.

Our policy also has special treatment for Chrome snapped windows
(side-by-side mode in our tablet), which may not make much sense in
Android.

Bug: 113252871
Test: go/wm-smoke. Try launching some freeform windows on secondary
displays.
atest FrameworksServicesTests:TaskLaunchParamsModifierTests
atest ActivityManagerManifestLayoutTests
Change-Id: I974031725015b6283f33b9076788e7ce45134690
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityLaunchParamsModifier.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityLaunchParamsModifier.java
deleted file mode 100644
index f44ee7a..0000000
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityLaunchParamsModifier.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License
- */
-
-package com.android.server.am;
-
-import android.app.ActivityOptions;
-import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
-import android.graphics.Rect;
-
-import com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParams;
-import com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier;
-
-/**
- * An implementation of {@link LaunchParamsModifier}, which applies the launch bounds specified
- * inside {@link ActivityOptions#getLaunchBounds()}.
- */
-public class ActivityLaunchParamsModifier implements LaunchParamsModifier {
-    private final ActivityStackSupervisor mSupervisor;
-
-    ActivityLaunchParamsModifier(ActivityStackSupervisor activityStackSupervisor) {
-        mSupervisor = activityStackSupervisor;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public int onCalculate(TaskRecord task, ActivityInfo.WindowLayout layout,
-            ActivityRecord activity, ActivityRecord source, ActivityOptions options,
-            LaunchParams currentParams, LaunchParams outParams) {
-        // We only care about figuring out bounds for activities.
-        if (activity == null) {
-            return RESULT_SKIP;
-        }
-
-        // Activity must be resizeable in the specified task.
-        if (!(mSupervisor.canUseActivityOptionsLaunchBounds(options)
-                && (activity.isResizeable() || (task != null && task.isResizeable())))) {
-            return RESULT_SKIP;
-        }
-
-        final Rect bounds = options.getLaunchBounds();
-
-        // Bounds weren't valid.
-        if (bounds == null || bounds.isEmpty()) {
-            return RESULT_SKIP;
-        }
-
-        outParams.mBounds.set(bounds);
-
-        // When this is the most explicit position specification so we should not allow further
-        // modification of the position.
-        return RESULT_DONE;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java
index ea807ad..a368fa5 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java
@@ -163,7 +163,6 @@
 import java.io.PrintWriter;
 import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Iterator;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@
     }
 
     @Override
-    protected ConfigurationContainer getChildAt(int index) {
+    protected TaskRecord getChildAt(int index) {
         return mTaskHistory.get(index);
     }
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java
index de3b9cf..0acd079 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStarter.java
@@ -1606,13 +1606,18 @@
         mVoiceSession = voiceSession;
         mVoiceInteractor = voiceInteractor;
 
-        mPreferredDisplayId = getPreferedDisplayId(mSourceRecord, mStartActivity, options);
-
         mLaunchParams.reset();
 
         mSupervisor.getLaunchParamsController().calculate(inTask, null /*layout*/, r, sourceRecord,
                 options, mLaunchParams);
 
+        if (mLaunchParams.hasPreferredDisplay()) {
+            mPreferredDisplayId = mLaunchParams.mPreferredDisplayId;
+        } else {
+            mPreferredDisplayId = DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
+        }
+        ensureValidPreferredDisplayId(r);
+
         mLaunchMode = r.launchMode;
 
         mLaunchFlags = adjustLaunchFlagsToDocumentMode(
@@ -1704,6 +1709,24 @@
         mNoAnimation = (mLaunchFlags & FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION) != 0;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Ensure preferred display ID matches the starting activity.
+     */
+    private void ensureValidPreferredDisplayId(ActivityRecord startingActivity) {
+        // Check if the Activity is a VR activity. If so, the activity should be launched in
+        // main display.
+        if (startingActivity != null && startingActivity.requestedVrComponent != null) {
+            mPreferredDisplayId = DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
+        }
+
+        // Get the virtual display ID from ActivityStackManagerService. If that's set we should
+        // always use that.
+        final int displayId = mService.mVr2dDisplayId;
+        if (displayId != INVALID_DISPLAY) {
+            mPreferredDisplayId = displayId;
+        }
+    }
+
     private void sendNewTaskResultRequestIfNeeded() {
         final ActivityStack sourceStack = mStartActivity.resultTo != null
                 ? mStartActivity.resultTo.getStack() : null;
@@ -1883,44 +1906,6 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the ID of the display to use for a new activity. If the device is in VR mode,
-     * then return the Vr mode's virtual display ID. If not,  if the activity was started with
-     * a launchDisplayId, use that. Otherwise, if the source activity has a explicit display ID
-     * set, use that to launch the activity.
-     */
-    private int getPreferedDisplayId(
-            ActivityRecord sourceRecord, ActivityRecord startingActivity, ActivityOptions options) {
-        // Check if the Activity is a VR activity. If so, the activity should be launched in
-        // main display.
-        if (startingActivity != null && startingActivity.requestedVrComponent != null) {
-            return DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
-        }
-
-        // Get the virtual display id from ActivityManagerService.
-        int displayId = mService.mVr2dDisplayId;
-        if (displayId != INVALID_DISPLAY) {
-            if (DEBUG_STACK) {
-                Slog.d(TAG, "getSourceDisplayId :" + displayId);
-            }
-            return displayId;
-        }
-
-        // If the caller requested a display, prefer that display.
-        final int launchDisplayId =
-                (options != null) ? options.getLaunchDisplayId() : INVALID_DISPLAY;
-        if (launchDisplayId != INVALID_DISPLAY) {
-            return launchDisplayId;
-        }
-
-        displayId = sourceRecord != null ? sourceRecord.getDisplayId() : INVALID_DISPLAY;
-        // If the activity has a displayId set explicitly, launch it on the same displayId.
-        if (displayId != INVALID_DISPLAY) {
-            return displayId;
-        }
-        return DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
-    }
-
-    /**
      * Figure out which task and activity to bring to front when we have found an existing matching
      * activity record in history. May also clear the task if needed.
      * @param intentActivity Existing matching activity.
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/LaunchParamsController.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/LaunchParamsController.java
index 6415c3e..218d908 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/LaunchParamsController.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/LaunchParamsController.java
@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@
 
 package com.android.server.am;
 
+import static android.app.WindowConfiguration.WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED;
+import static android.view.Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
+
+import static com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier.RESULT_CONTINUE;
+import static com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier.RESULT_DONE;
+import static com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier.RESULT_SKIP;
+
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.app.ActivityOptions;
 import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.WindowLayout;
@@ -26,13 +33,6 @@
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 
-import static android.app.WindowConfiguration.WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED;
-import static android.view.Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
-
-import static com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier.RESULT_CONTINUE;
-import static com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier.RESULT_DONE;
-import static com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier.RESULT_SKIP;
-
 /**
  * {@link LaunchParamsController} calculates the {@link LaunchParams} by coordinating between
  * registered {@link LaunchParamsModifier}s.
@@ -58,11 +58,7 @@
      */
     void registerDefaultModifiers(ActivityStackSupervisor supervisor) {
         // {@link TaskLaunchParamsModifier} handles window layout preferences.
-        registerModifier(new TaskLaunchParamsModifier());
-
-        // {@link ActivityLaunchParamsModifier} is the most specific modifier and thus should be
-        // registered last (applied first) out of the defaults.
-        registerModifier(new ActivityLaunchParamsModifier(supervisor));
+        registerModifier(new TaskLaunchParamsModifier(supervisor));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -226,27 +222,41 @@
         @IntDef({RESULT_SKIP, RESULT_DONE, RESULT_CONTINUE})
         @interface Result {}
 
-        // Returned when the modifier does not want to influence the bounds calculation
+        /** Returned when the modifier does not want to influence the bounds calculation */
         int RESULT_SKIP = 0;
-        // Returned when the modifier has changed the bounds and would like its results to be the
-        // final bounds applied.
+        /**
+         * Returned when the modifier has changed the bounds and would like its results to be the
+         * final bounds applied.
+         */
         int RESULT_DONE = 1;
-        // Returned when the modifier has changed the bounds but is okay with other modifiers
-        // influencing the bounds.
+        /**
+         * Returned when the modifier has changed the bounds but is okay with other modifiers
+         * influencing the bounds.
+         */
         int RESULT_CONTINUE = 2;
 
         /**
-         * Called when asked to calculate {@link LaunchParams}.
-         * @param task            The {@link TaskRecord} currently being positioned.
-         * @param layout          The specified {@link WindowLayout}.
-         * @param activity        The {@link ActivityRecord} currently being positioned.
-         * @param source          The {@link ActivityRecord} activity was started from.
-         * @param options         The {@link ActivityOptions} specified for the activity.
-         * @param currentParams   The current {@link LaunchParams}. This can differ from the initial
-         *                        params as it represents the modified params up to this point.
-         * @param outParams       The resulting {@link LaunchParams} after all calculations.
-         * @return                A {@link Result} representing the result of the
-         *                        {@link LaunchParams} calculation.
+         * Returns the launch params that the provided activity launch params should be overridden
+         * to. {@link LaunchParamsModifier} can use this for various purposes, including: 1)
+         * Providing default bounds if the launch bounds have not been provided. 2) Repositioning
+         * the task so it doesn't get placed over an existing task. 3) Resizing the task so that its
+         * dimensions match the activity's requested orientation.
+         *
+         * @param task          Can be: 1) the target task in which the source activity wants to
+         *                      launch the target activity; 2) a newly created task that Android
+         *                      gives a chance to override its launching bounds; 3) {@code null} if
+         *                      this is called to override an activity's launching bounds.
+         * @param layout        Desired layout when activity is first launched.
+         * @param activity      Activity that is being started. This can be {@code null} on
+         *                      re-parenting an activity to a new task (e.g. for
+         *                      Picture-In-Picture). Tasks being created because an activity was
+         *                      launched should have this be non-null.
+         * @param source        the Activity that launched a new task. Could be {@code null}.
+         * @param options       {@link ActivityOptions} used to start the activity with.
+         * @param currentParams launching params after the process of last {@link
+         *                      LaunchParamsModifier}.
+         * @param outParams     the result params to be set.
+         * @return see {@link LaunchParamsModifier.Result}
          */
         @Result
         int onCalculate(TaskRecord task, WindowLayout layout, ActivityRecord activity,
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/TaskLaunchParamsModifier.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/TaskLaunchParamsModifier.java
index 92f1cc3..fd34d18 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/TaskLaunchParamsModifier.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/am/TaskLaunchParamsModifier.java
@@ -16,304 +16,770 @@
 
 package com.android.server.am;
 
+import static android.app.WindowConfiguration.WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM;
+import static android.app.WindowConfiguration.WINDOWING_MODE_FULLSCREEN;
+import static android.app.WindowConfiguration.WINDOWING_MODE_PINNED;
+import static android.app.WindowConfiguration.WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LOCKED;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_NOSENSOR;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_REVERSE_LANDSCAPE;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_REVERSE_PORTRAIT;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR_LANDSCAPE;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR_PORTRAIT;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_LANDSCAPE;
+import static android.content.pm.ActivityInfo.SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_PORTRAIT;
+import static android.util.DisplayMetrics.DENSITY_DEFAULT;
+import static android.view.Display.DEFAULT_DISPLAY;
+import static android.view.Display.INVALID_DISPLAY;
+
 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerDebugConfig.TAG_AM;
 import static com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerDebugConfig.TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME;
 
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.app.ActivityOptions;
+import android.app.WindowConfiguration;
 import android.content.pm.ActivityInfo;
+import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
 import android.graphics.Rect;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.util.Slog;
 import android.view.Gravity;
-import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
+
 import com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParams;
 import com.android.server.am.LaunchParamsController.LaunchParamsModifier;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
 
 /**
- * Determines where a launching task should be positioned and sized on the display.
- *
- * The modifier is fairly simple. For the new task it tries default position based on the gravity
- * and compares corners of the task with corners of existing tasks. If some two pairs of corners are
- * sufficiently close enough, it shifts the bounds of the new task and tries again. When it exhausts
- * all possible shifts, it gives up and puts the task in the original position.
- *
- * Note that the only gravities of concern are the corners and the center.
+ * The class that defines the default launch params for tasks.
  */
 class TaskLaunchParamsModifier implements LaunchParamsModifier {
     private static final String TAG = TAG_WITH_CLASS_NAME ? "TaskLaunchParamsModifier" : TAG_AM;
+    private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
 
-    // Determines how close window frames/corners have to be to call them colliding.
-    private static final int BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE = 4;
+    // A mask for SUPPORTS_SCREEN that indicates the activity supports resize.
+    private static final int SUPPORTS_SCREEN_RESIZEABLE_MASK =
+            ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SUPPORTS_SCREEN_DENSITIES
+                    | ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SUPPORTS_LARGE_SCREENS
+                    | ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SUPPORTS_SMALL_SCREENS
+                    | ApplicationInfo.FLAG_RESIZEABLE_FOR_SCREENS
+                    | ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SUPPORTS_SCREEN_DENSITIES
+                    | ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SUPPORTS_XLARGE_SCREENS;
 
-    // Task will receive dimensions based on available dimensions divided by this.
-    private static final int WINDOW_SIZE_DENOMINATOR = 2;
+    // Screen size of Nexus 5x
+    private static final int DEFAULT_PORTRAIT_PHONE_WIDTH_DP = 412;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_PORTRAIT_PHONE_HEIGHT_DP = 732;
 
-    // Task will receive margins based on available dimensions divided by this.
-    private static final int MARGIN_SIZE_DENOMINATOR = 4;
+    // Allowance of size matching.
+    private static final int EPSILON = 2;
 
-    // If task bounds collide with some other, we will step and try again until we find a good
-    // position. The step will be determined by using dimensions and dividing it by this.
+    // Cascade window offset.
+    private static final int CASCADING_OFFSET_DP = 75;
+
+    // Threshold how close window corners have to be to call them colliding.
+    private static final int BOUNDS_CONFLICT_THRESHOLD = 4;
+
+    // Divide display size by this number to get each step to adjust bounds to avoid conflict.
     private static final int STEP_DENOMINATOR = 16;
 
     // We always want to step by at least this.
     private static final int MINIMAL_STEP = 1;
 
-    // Used to indicate if positioning algorithm is allowed to restart from the beginning, when it
-    // reaches the end of stack bounds.
-    private static final boolean ALLOW_RESTART = true;
+    private final ActivityStackSupervisor mSupervisor;
+    private final Rect mTmpBounds = new Rect();
+    private final int[] mTmpDirections = new int[2];
 
-    private static final int SHIFT_POLICY_DIAGONAL_DOWN = 1;
-    private static final int SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_RIGHT = 2;
-    private static final int SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_LEFT = 3;
+    private StringBuilder mLogBuilder;
 
-    private final Rect mAvailableRect = new Rect();
-    private final Rect mTmpProposal = new Rect();
-    private final Rect mTmpOriginal = new Rect();
+    TaskLaunchParamsModifier(ActivityStackSupervisor supervisor) {
+        mSupervisor = supervisor;
+    }
 
-    /**
-     * Tries to set task's bound in a way that it won't collide with any other task. By colliding
-     * we mean that two tasks have left-top corner very close to each other, so one might get
-     * obfuscated by the other one.
-     */
     @Override
     public int onCalculate(TaskRecord task, ActivityInfo.WindowLayout layout,
                            ActivityRecord activity, ActivityRecord source, ActivityOptions options,
                            LaunchParams currentParams, LaunchParams outParams) {
-        // We can only apply positioning if we're in a freeform stack.
-        if (task == null || task.getStack() == null || !task.inFreeformWindowingMode()) {
-            return RESULT_SKIP;
+        initLogBuilder(task, activity);
+        final int result = calculate(task, layout, activity, source, options, currentParams,
+                outParams);
+        outputLog();
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    private int calculate(TaskRecord task, ActivityInfo.WindowLayout layout,
+            ActivityRecord activity, ActivityRecord source, ActivityOptions options,
+            LaunchParams currentParams, LaunchParams outParams) {
+        // STEP 1: Determine the display to launch the activity/task.
+        final int displayId = getPreferredLaunchDisplay(options, source, currentParams);
+        outParams.mPreferredDisplayId = displayId;
+        ActivityDisplay display = mSupervisor.getActivityDisplay(displayId);
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            appendLog("display-id=" + outParams.mPreferredDisplayId + " display-windowing-mode="
+                    + display.getWindowingMode());
         }
 
-        final ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks = task.getStack().getAllTasks();
-
-        mAvailableRect.set(task.getParent().getBounds());
-
-        final Rect resultBounds = outParams.mBounds;
-
-        if (layout == null) {
-            positionCenter(tasks, mAvailableRect, getFreeformWidth(mAvailableRect),
-                    getFreeformHeight(mAvailableRect), resultBounds);
-            return RESULT_CONTINUE;
+        final ActivityRecord root;
+        if (task != null) {
+            root = (task.getRootActivity() == null ? activity : task.getRootActivity());
+        } else {
+            root = activity;
         }
-
-        int width = getFinalWidth(layout, mAvailableRect);
-        int height = getFinalHeight(layout, mAvailableRect);
-        int verticalGravity = layout.gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
-        int horizontalGravity = layout.gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
-        if (verticalGravity == Gravity.TOP) {
-            if (horizontalGravity == Gravity.RIGHT) {
-                positionTopRight(tasks, mAvailableRect, width, height, resultBounds);
+        // STEP 2: Resolve launch windowing mode.
+        // STEP 2.1: Determine if any parameter has specified initial bounds. That might be the
+        // launch bounds from activity options, or size/gravity passed in layout. It also treat the
+        // launch windowing mode in options as a suggestion for future resolution.
+        int launchMode = options != null ? options.getLaunchWindowingMode()
+                : WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED;
+        // hasInitialBounds is set if either activity options or layout has specified bounds. If
+        // that's set we'll skip some adjustments later to avoid overriding the initial bounds.
+        boolean hasInitialBounds = false;
+        final boolean canApplyFreeformPolicy =
+                canApplyFreeformWindowPolicy(display, root, launchMode);
+        if (mSupervisor.canUseActivityOptionsLaunchBounds(options) && canApplyFreeformPolicy) {
+            hasInitialBounds = true;
+            launchMode = launchMode == WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED
+                    ? WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM
+                    : launchMode;
+            outParams.mBounds.set(options.getLaunchBounds());
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("activity-options-bounds=" + outParams.mBounds);
+        } else if (launchMode == WINDOWING_MODE_PINNED) {
+            // System controls PIP window's bounds, so don't apply launch bounds.
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("empty-window-layout-for-pip");
+        } else if (launchMode == WINDOWING_MODE_FULLSCREEN) {
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("activity-options-fullscreen=" + outParams.mBounds);
+        } else if (layout != null && canApplyFreeformPolicy) {
+            getLayoutBounds(display, root, layout, mTmpBounds);
+            if (!mTmpBounds.isEmpty()) {
+                launchMode = WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM;
+                outParams.mBounds.set(mTmpBounds);
+                hasInitialBounds = true;
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("bounds-from-layout=" + outParams.mBounds);
             } else {
-                positionTopLeft(tasks, mAvailableRect, width, height, resultBounds);
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("empty-window-layout");
             }
-        } else if (verticalGravity == Gravity.BOTTOM) {
-            if (horizontalGravity == Gravity.RIGHT) {
-                positionBottomRight(tasks, mAvailableRect, width, height, resultBounds);
-            } else {
-                positionBottomLeft(tasks, mAvailableRect, width, height, resultBounds);
+        }
+
+        // STEP 2.2: Check if previous modifier or the controller (referred as "callers" below) has
+        // some opinions on launch mode and launch bounds. If they have opinions and there is no
+        // initial bounds set in parameters. Note the check on display ID is also input param
+        // related because we always defer to callers' suggestion if there is no specific display ID
+        // in options or from source activity.
+        //
+        // If opinions from callers don't need any further resolution, we try to honor that as is as
+        // much as possible later.
+
+        // Flag to indicate if current param needs no further resolution. It's true it current
+        // param isn't freeform mode, or it already has launch bounds.
+        boolean fullyResolvedCurrentParam = false;
+        // We inherit launch params from previous modifiers or LaunchParamsController if options,
+        // layout and display conditions are not contradictory to their suggestions. It's important
+        // to carry over their values because LaunchParamsController doesn't automatically do that.
+        if (!currentParams.isEmpty() && !hasInitialBounds
+                && (!currentParams.hasPreferredDisplay()
+                    || displayId == currentParams.mPreferredDisplayId)) {
+            if (currentParams.hasWindowingMode()) {
+                launchMode = currentParams.mWindowingMode;
+                fullyResolvedCurrentParam = (launchMode != WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM);
+                if (DEBUG) {
+                    appendLog("inherit-" + WindowConfiguration.windowingModeToString(launchMode));
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!currentParams.mBounds.isEmpty()) {
+                outParams.mBounds.set(currentParams.mBounds);
+                fullyResolvedCurrentParam = true;
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("inherit-bounds=" + outParams.mBounds);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // STEP 2.3: Adjust launch parameters as needed for freeform display. We enforce the policy
+        // that legacy (pre-D) apps and those apps that can't handle multiple screen density well
+        // are forced to be maximized. The rest of this step is to define the default policy when
+        // there is no initial bounds or a fully resolved current params from callers. Right now we
+        // launch all possible tasks/activities that can handle freeform into freeform mode.
+        if (display.inFreeformWindowingMode()) {
+            if (launchMode == WINDOWING_MODE_PINNED) {
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("picture-in-picture");
+            } else if (isTaskForcedMaximized(root)) {
+                // We're launching an activity that probably can't handle resizing nicely, so force
+                // it to be maximized even someone suggests launching it in freeform using launch
+                // options.
+                launchMode = WINDOWING_MODE_FULLSCREEN;
+                outParams.mBounds.setEmpty();
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("forced-maximize");
+            } else if (fullyResolvedCurrentParam) {
+                // Don't adjust launch mode if that's inherited, except when we're launching an
+                // activity that should be forced to maximize.
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("skip-adjustment-fully-resolved-params");
+            } else if (launchMode != WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM
+                    && (isNOrGreater(root) || isPreNResizeable(root))) {
+                // We're launching a pre-N and post-D activity that supports resizing, or a post-N
+                // activity. They can handle freeform nicely so launch them in freeform.
+                // Use undefined because we know we're in a freeform display.
+                launchMode = WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED;
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("should-be-freeform");
             }
         } else {
-            // Some fancy gravity setting that we don't support yet. We just put the activity in the
-            // center.
-            Slog.w(TAG, "Received unsupported gravity: " + layout.gravity
-                    + ", positioning in the center instead.");
-            positionCenter(tasks, mAvailableRect, width, height, resultBounds);
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("non-freeform-display");
+        }
+        // If launch mode matches display windowing mode, let it inherit from display.
+        outParams.mWindowingMode = launchMode == display.getWindowingMode()
+                ? WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED : launchMode;
+
+        // STEP 3: Determine final launch bounds based on resolved windowing mode and activity
+        // requested orientation. We set bounds to empty for fullscreen mode and keep bounds as is
+        // for all other windowing modes that's not freeform mode. One can read comments in
+        // relevant methods to further understand this step.
+        //
+        // We skip making adjustments if the params are fully resolved from previous results and
+        // trust that they are valid.
+        if (!fullyResolvedCurrentParam) {
+            final int resolvedMode = (launchMode != WINDOWING_MODE_UNDEFINED) ? launchMode
+                    : display.getWindowingMode();
+            if (source != null && source.inFreeformWindowingMode()
+                    && resolvedMode == WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM
+                    && outParams.mBounds.isEmpty()
+                    && source.getDisplayId() == display.mDisplayId) {
+                // Set bounds to be not very far from source activity.
+                cascadeBounds(source.getBounds(), display, outParams.mBounds);
+            }
+            getTaskBounds(root, display, layout, resolvedMode, hasInitialBounds, outParams.mBounds);
         }
 
         return RESULT_CONTINUE;
     }
 
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static int getFreeformStartLeft(Rect bounds) {
-        return bounds.left + bounds.width() / MARGIN_SIZE_DENOMINATOR;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static int getFreeformStartTop(Rect bounds) {
-        return bounds.top + bounds.height() / MARGIN_SIZE_DENOMINATOR;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static int getFreeformWidth(Rect bounds) {
-        return bounds.width() / WINDOW_SIZE_DENOMINATOR;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static int getFreeformHeight(Rect bounds) {
-        return bounds.height() / WINDOW_SIZE_DENOMINATOR;
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static int getHorizontalStep(Rect bounds) {
-        return Math.max(bounds.width() / STEP_DENOMINATOR, MINIMAL_STEP);
-    }
-
-    @VisibleForTesting
-    static int getVerticalStep(Rect bounds) {
-        return Math.max(bounds.height() / STEP_DENOMINATOR, MINIMAL_STEP);
-    }
-
-
-
-    private int getFinalWidth(ActivityInfo.WindowLayout windowLayout, Rect availableRect) {
-        int width = getFreeformWidth(availableRect);
-        if (windowLayout.width > 0) {
-            width = windowLayout.width;
+    private int getPreferredLaunchDisplay(@Nullable ActivityOptions options,
+            ActivityRecord source, LaunchParams currentParams) {
+        int displayId = INVALID_DISPLAY;
+        final int optionLaunchId = options != null ? options.getLaunchDisplayId() : INVALID_DISPLAY;
+        if (optionLaunchId != INVALID_DISPLAY) {
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("display-from-option=" + optionLaunchId);
+            displayId = optionLaunchId;
         }
-        if (windowLayout.widthFraction > 0) {
-            width = (int) (availableRect.width() * windowLayout.widthFraction);
+
+        if (displayId == INVALID_DISPLAY && source != null) {
+            final int sourceDisplayId = source.getDisplayId();
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("display-from-source=" + sourceDisplayId);
+            displayId = sourceDisplayId;
         }
-        return width;
-    }
 
-    private int getFinalHeight(ActivityInfo.WindowLayout windowLayout, Rect availableRect) {
-        int height = getFreeformHeight(availableRect);
-        if (windowLayout.height > 0) {
-            height = windowLayout.height;
+        if (displayId != INVALID_DISPLAY && mSupervisor.getActivityDisplay(displayId) == null) {
+            displayId = INVALID_DISPLAY;
         }
-        if (windowLayout.heightFraction > 0) {
-            height = (int) (availableRect.height() * windowLayout.heightFraction);
+        displayId = (displayId == INVALID_DISPLAY) ? currentParams.mPreferredDisplayId : displayId;
+
+        displayId = (displayId == INVALID_DISPLAY) ? DEFAULT_DISPLAY : displayId;
+
+        return displayId;
+    }
+
+    private boolean canApplyFreeformWindowPolicy(@NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull ActivityRecord root, int launchMode) {
+        return display.inFreeformWindowingMode() || launchMode == WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM
+                || root.isResizeable();
+    }
+
+    private void getLayoutBounds(@NonNull ActivityDisplay display, @NonNull ActivityRecord root,
+            @NonNull ActivityInfo.WindowLayout windowLayout, @NonNull Rect outBounds) {
+        final int verticalGravity = windowLayout.gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
+        final int horizontalGravity = windowLayout.gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
+        if (!windowLayout.hasSpecifiedSize() && verticalGravity == 0 && horizontalGravity == 0) {
+            outBounds.setEmpty();
+            return;
         }
-        return height;
-    }
 
-    private void positionBottomLeft(ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks, Rect availableRect, int width,
-            int height, Rect result) {
-        mTmpProposal.set(availableRect.left, availableRect.bottom - height,
-                availableRect.left + width, availableRect.bottom);
-        position(tasks, availableRect, mTmpProposal, !ALLOW_RESTART, SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_RIGHT,
-                result);
-    }
+        final Rect bounds = display.getBounds();
+        final int defaultWidth = bounds.width();
+        final int defaultHeight = bounds.height();
 
-    private void positionBottomRight(ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks, Rect availableRect, int width,
-            int height, Rect result) {
-        mTmpProposal.set(availableRect.right - width, availableRect.bottom - height,
-                availableRect.right, availableRect.bottom);
-        position(tasks, availableRect, mTmpProposal, !ALLOW_RESTART, SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_LEFT,
-                result);
-    }
-
-    private void positionTopLeft(ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks, Rect availableRect, int width,
-            int height, Rect result) {
-        mTmpProposal.set(availableRect.left, availableRect.top,
-                availableRect.left + width, availableRect.top + height);
-        position(tasks, availableRect, mTmpProposal, !ALLOW_RESTART, SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_RIGHT,
-                result);
-    }
-
-    private void positionTopRight(ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks, Rect availableRect, int width,
-            int height, Rect result) {
-        mTmpProposal.set(availableRect.right - width, availableRect.top,
-                availableRect.right, availableRect.top + height);
-        position(tasks, availableRect, mTmpProposal, !ALLOW_RESTART, SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_LEFT,
-                result);
-    }
-
-    private void positionCenter(ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks, Rect availableRect, int width,
-            int height, Rect result) {
-        final int defaultFreeformLeft = getFreeformStartLeft(availableRect);
-        final int defaultFreeformTop = getFreeformStartTop(availableRect);
-        mTmpProposal.set(defaultFreeformLeft, defaultFreeformTop,
-                defaultFreeformLeft + width, defaultFreeformTop + height);
-        position(tasks, availableRect, mTmpProposal, ALLOW_RESTART, SHIFT_POLICY_DIAGONAL_DOWN,
-                result);
-    }
-
-    private void position(ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks, Rect availableRect,
-            Rect proposal, boolean allowRestart, int shiftPolicy, Rect result) {
-        mTmpOriginal.set(proposal);
-        boolean restarted = false;
-        while (boundsConflict(proposal, tasks)) {
-            // Unfortunately there is already a task at that spot, so we need to look for some
-            // other place.
-            shiftStartingPoint(proposal, availableRect, shiftPolicy);
-            if (shiftedTooFar(proposal, availableRect, shiftPolicy)) {
-                // We don't want the task to go outside of the stack, because it won't look
-                // nice. Depending on the starting point we either restart, or immediately give up.
-                if (!allowRestart) {
-                    proposal.set(mTmpOriginal);
-                    break;
-                }
-                // We must have started not from the top. Let's restart from there because there
-                // might be some space there.
-                proposal.set(availableRect.left, availableRect.top,
-                        availableRect.left + proposal.width(),
-                        availableRect.top + proposal.height());
-                restarted = true;
+        int width;
+        int height;
+        if (!windowLayout.hasSpecifiedSize()) {
+            outBounds.setEmpty();
+            getTaskBounds(root, display, windowLayout, WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM,
+                    /* hasInitialBounds */ false, outBounds);
+            width = outBounds.width();
+            height = outBounds.height();
+        } else {
+            width = defaultWidth;
+            if (windowLayout.width > 0 && windowLayout.width < defaultWidth) {
+                width = windowLayout.width;
+            } else if (windowLayout.widthFraction > 0 && windowLayout.widthFraction < 1.0f) {
+                width = (int) (width * windowLayout.widthFraction);
             }
-            if (restarted && (proposal.left > getFreeformStartLeft(availableRect)
-                    || proposal.top > getFreeformStartTop(availableRect))) {
-                // If we restarted and crossed the initial position, let's not struggle anymore.
-                // The user already must have ton of tasks visible, we can just smack the new
-                // one in the center.
-                proposal.set(mTmpOriginal);
-                break;
+
+            height = defaultHeight;
+            if (windowLayout.height > 0 && windowLayout.height < defaultHeight) {
+                height = windowLayout.height;
+            } else if (windowLayout.heightFraction > 0 && windowLayout.heightFraction < 1.0f) {
+                height = (int) (height * windowLayout.heightFraction);
             }
         }
-        result.set(proposal);
-    }
 
-    private boolean shiftedTooFar(Rect start, Rect availableRect, int shiftPolicy) {
-        switch (shiftPolicy) {
-            case SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_LEFT:
-                return start.left < availableRect.left;
-            case SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_RIGHT:
-                return start.right > availableRect.right;
-            default: // SHIFT_POLICY_DIAGONAL_DOWN
-                return start.right > availableRect.right || start.bottom > availableRect.bottom;
+        final float fractionOfHorizontalOffset;
+        switch (horizontalGravity) {
+            case Gravity.LEFT:
+                fractionOfHorizontalOffset = 0f;
+                break;
+            case Gravity.RIGHT:
+                fractionOfHorizontalOffset = 1f;
+                break;
+            default:
+                fractionOfHorizontalOffset = 0.5f;
         }
-    }
 
-    private void shiftStartingPoint(Rect posposal, Rect availableRect, int shiftPolicy) {
-        final int defaultFreeformStepHorizontal = getHorizontalStep(availableRect);
-        final int defaultFreeformStepVertical = getVerticalStep(availableRect);
-
-        switch (shiftPolicy) {
-            case SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_LEFT:
-                posposal.offset(-defaultFreeformStepHorizontal, 0);
+        final float fractionOfVerticalOffset;
+        switch (verticalGravity) {
+            case Gravity.TOP:
+                fractionOfVerticalOffset = 0f;
                 break;
-            case SHIFT_POLICY_HORIZONTAL_RIGHT:
-                posposal.offset(defaultFreeformStepHorizontal, 0);
+            case Gravity.BOTTOM:
+                fractionOfVerticalOffset = 1f;
                 break;
-            default: // SHIFT_POLICY_DIAGONAL_DOWN:
-                posposal.offset(defaultFreeformStepHorizontal, defaultFreeformStepVertical);
-                break;
+            default:
+                fractionOfVerticalOffset = 0.5f;
         }
+
+        outBounds.set(0, 0, width, height);
+        final int xOffset = (int) (fractionOfHorizontalOffset * (defaultWidth - width));
+        final int yOffset = (int) (fractionOfVerticalOffset * (defaultHeight - height));
+        outBounds.offset(xOffset, yOffset);
     }
 
-    private static boolean boundsConflict(Rect proposal, ArrayList<TaskRecord> tasks) {
-        for (int i = tasks.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-            final TaskRecord task = tasks.get(i);
-            if (!task.mActivities.isEmpty() && !task.matchParentBounds()) {
-                final Rect bounds = task.getOverrideBounds();
-                if (closeLeftTopCorner(proposal, bounds) || closeRightTopCorner(proposal, bounds)
-                        || closeLeftBottomCorner(proposal, bounds)
-                        || closeRightBottomCorner(proposal, bounds)) {
-                    return true;
-                }
+    /**
+     * Returns if task is forced to maximize.
+     *
+     * There are several cases where we force a task to maximize:
+     * 1) Root activity is targeting pre-Donut, which by default can't handle multiple screen
+     *    densities, so resizing will likely cause issues;
+     * 2) Root activity doesn't declare any flag that it supports any screen density, so resizing
+     *    may also cause issues;
+     * 3) Root activity is not resizeable, for which we shouldn't allow user resize it.
+     *
+     * @param root the root activity to check against.
+     * @return {@code true} if it should be forced to maximize; {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    private boolean isTaskForcedMaximized(@NonNull ActivityRecord root) {
+        if (root.appInfo.targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.DONUT
+                || (root.appInfo.flags & SUPPORTS_SCREEN_RESIZEABLE_MASK) == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return !root.isResizeable();
+    }
+
+    private boolean isNOrGreater(@NonNull ActivityRecord root) {
+        return root.appInfo.targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolves activity requested orientation to 4 categories:
+     * 1) {@link ActivityInfo#SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LOCKED} indicating app wants to lock down
+     *    orientation;
+     * 2) {@link ActivityInfo#SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE} indicating app wants to be in landscape;
+     * 3) {@link ActivityInfo#SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT} indicating app wants to be in portrait;
+     * 4) {@link ActivityInfo#SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED} indicating app can handle any
+     *    orientation.
+     *
+     * @param activity the activity to check
+     * @return corresponding resolved orientation value.
+     */
+    private int resolveOrientation(@NonNull ActivityRecord activity) {
+        int orientation = activity.info.screenOrientation;
+        switch (orientation) {
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_NOSENSOR:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LOCKED:
+                orientation = SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LOCKED;
+                break;
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR_LANDSCAPE:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_REVERSE_LANDSCAPE:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_LANDSCAPE:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE:
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("activity-requested-landscape");
+                orientation = SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE;
+                break;
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_SENSOR_PORTRAIT:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_REVERSE_PORTRAIT:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_USER_PORTRAIT:
+            case SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT:
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("activity-requested-portrait");
+                orientation = SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
+                break;
+            default:
+                orientation = SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED;
+        }
+
+        return orientation;
+    }
+
+    private boolean isPreNResizeable(ActivityRecord root) {
+        return root.appInfo.targetSdkVersion < Build.VERSION_CODES.N && root.isResizeable();
+    }
+
+    private void cascadeBounds(@NonNull Rect srcBounds, @NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull Rect outBounds) {
+        outBounds.set(srcBounds);
+        float density = (float) display.getConfiguration().densityDpi / DENSITY_DEFAULT;
+        final int defaultOffset = (int) (CASCADING_OFFSET_DP * density + 0.5f);
+
+        display.getBounds(mTmpBounds);
+        final int dx = Math.min(defaultOffset, Math.max(0, mTmpBounds.right - srcBounds.right));
+        final int dy = Math.min(defaultOffset, Math.max(0, mTmpBounds.bottom - srcBounds.bottom));
+        outBounds.offset(dx, dy);
+    }
+
+    private void getTaskBounds(@NonNull ActivityRecord root, @NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull ActivityInfo.WindowLayout layout, int resolvedMode, boolean hasInitialBounds,
+            @NonNull Rect inOutBounds) {
+        if (resolvedMode == WINDOWING_MODE_FULLSCREEN) {
+            // We don't handle letterboxing here. Letterboxing will be handled by valid checks
+            // later.
+            inOutBounds.setEmpty();
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("maximized-bounds");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (resolvedMode != WINDOWING_MODE_FREEFORM) {
+            // We don't apply freeform bounds adjustment to other windowing modes.
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                appendLog("skip-bounds-" + WindowConfiguration.windowingModeToString(resolvedMode));
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int orientation = resolveOrientation(root, display, inOutBounds);
+        if (orientation != SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT
+                && orientation != SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Orientation must be one of portrait or landscape, but it's "
+                    + ActivityInfo.screenOrientationToString(orientation));
+        }
+
+        // First we get the default size we want.
+        getDefaultFreeformSize(display, layout, orientation, mTmpBounds);
+        if (hasInitialBounds || sizeMatches(inOutBounds, mTmpBounds)) {
+            // We're here because either input parameters specified initial bounds, or the suggested
+            // bounds have the same size of the default freeform size. We should use the suggested
+            // bounds if possible -- so if app can handle the orientation we just use it, and if not
+            // we transpose the suggested bounds in-place.
+            if (orientation == orientationFromBounds(inOutBounds)) {
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("freeform-size-orientation-match=" + inOutBounds);
+            } else {
+                // Meh, orientation doesn't match. Let's rotate inOutBounds in-place.
+                centerBounds(display, inOutBounds.height(), inOutBounds.width(), inOutBounds);
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("freeform-orientation-mismatch=" + inOutBounds);
+            }
+        } else {
+            // We are here either because there is no suggested bounds, or the suggested bounds is
+            // a cascade from source activity. We should use the default freeform size and center it
+            // to the center of suggested bounds (or the display if no suggested bounds). The
+            // default size might be too big to center to source activity bounds in display, so we
+            // may need to move it back to the display.
+            centerBounds(display, mTmpBounds.width(), mTmpBounds.height(), inOutBounds);
+            adjustBoundsToFitInDisplay(display, inOutBounds);
+            if (DEBUG) appendLog("freeform-size-mismatch=" + inOutBounds);
+        }
+
+        // Lastly we adjust bounds to avoid conflicts with other tasks as much as possible.
+        adjustBoundsToAvoidConflict(display, inOutBounds);
+    }
+
+    private int resolveOrientation(@NonNull ActivityRecord root, @NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull Rect bounds) {
+        int orientation = resolveOrientation(root);
+
+        if (orientation == SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LOCKED) {
+            orientation = bounds.isEmpty() ? display.getConfiguration().orientation
+                    : orientationFromBounds(bounds);
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                appendLog(bounds.isEmpty() ? "locked-orientation-from-display=" + orientation
+                        : "locked-orientation-from-bounds=" + bounds);
             }
         }
+
+        if (orientation == SCREEN_ORIENTATION_UNSPECIFIED) {
+            orientation = bounds.isEmpty() ? SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT
+                    : orientationFromBounds(bounds);
+            if (DEBUG) {
+                appendLog(bounds.isEmpty() ? "default-portrait"
+                        : "orientation-from-bounds=" + bounds);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return orientation;
+    }
+
+    private void getDefaultFreeformSize(@NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull ActivityInfo.WindowLayout layout, int orientation, @NonNull Rect bounds) {
+        // Default size, which is letterboxing/pillarboxing in display. That's to say the large
+        // dimension of default size is the small dimension of display size, and the small dimension
+        // of default size is calculated to keep the same aspect ratio as the display's.
+        Rect displayBounds = display.getBounds();
+        final int portraitHeight = Math.min(displayBounds.width(), displayBounds.height());
+        final int otherDimension = Math.max(displayBounds.width(), displayBounds.height());
+        final int portraitWidth = (portraitHeight * portraitHeight) / otherDimension;
+        final int defaultWidth = (orientation == SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) ? portraitHeight
+                : portraitWidth;
+        final int defaultHeight = (orientation == SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) ? portraitWidth
+                : portraitHeight;
+
+        // Get window size based on Nexus 5x screen, we assume that this is enough to show content
+        // of activities.
+        final float density = (float) display.getConfiguration().densityDpi / DENSITY_DEFAULT;
+        final int phonePortraitWidth = (int) (DEFAULT_PORTRAIT_PHONE_WIDTH_DP * density + 0.5f);
+        final int phonePortraitHeight = (int) (DEFAULT_PORTRAIT_PHONE_HEIGHT_DP * density + 0.5f);
+        final int phoneWidth = (orientation == SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) ? phonePortraitHeight
+                : phonePortraitWidth;
+        final int phoneHeight = (orientation == SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE) ? phonePortraitWidth
+                : phonePortraitHeight;
+
+        // Minimum layout requirements.
+        final int layoutMinWidth = (layout == null) ? -1 : layout.minWidth;
+        final int layoutMinHeight = (layout == null) ? -1 : layout.minHeight;
+
+        // Final result.
+        final int width = Math.min(defaultWidth, Math.max(phoneWidth, layoutMinWidth));
+        final int height = Math.min(defaultHeight, Math.max(phoneHeight, layoutMinHeight));
+
+        bounds.set(0, 0, width, height);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets centered bounds of width x height. If inOutBounds is not empty, the result bounds
+     * centers at its center or display's center if inOutBounds is empty.
+     */
+    private void centerBounds(@NonNull ActivityDisplay display, int width, int height,
+            @NonNull Rect inOutBounds) {
+        if (inOutBounds.isEmpty()) {
+            display.getBounds(inOutBounds);
+        }
+        final int left = inOutBounds.centerX() - width / 2;
+        final int top = inOutBounds.centerY() - height / 2;
+        inOutBounds.set(left, top, left + width, top + height);
+    }
+
+    private void adjustBoundsToFitInDisplay(@NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull Rect inOutBounds) {
+        final Rect displayBounds = display.getBounds();
+
+        if (displayBounds.width() < inOutBounds.width()
+                || displayBounds.height() < inOutBounds.height()) {
+            // There is no way for us to fit the bounds in the display without changing width
+            // or height. Don't even try it.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int dx;
+        if (inOutBounds.right > displayBounds.right) {
+            // Right edge is out of display.
+            dx = displayBounds.right - inOutBounds.right;
+        } else if (inOutBounds.left < displayBounds.left) {
+            // Left edge is out of display.
+            dx = displayBounds.left - inOutBounds.left;
+        } else {
+            // Vertical edges are all in display.
+            dx = 0;
+        }
+
+        final int dy;
+        if (inOutBounds.top < displayBounds.top) {
+            // Top edge is out of display.
+            dy = displayBounds.top - inOutBounds.top;
+        } else if (inOutBounds.bottom > displayBounds.bottom) {
+            // Bottom edge is out of display.
+            dy = displayBounds.bottom - inOutBounds.bottom;
+        } else {
+            // Horizontal edges are all in display.
+            dy = 0;
+        }
+        inOutBounds.offset(dx, dy);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adjusts input bounds to avoid conflict with existing tasks in the display.
+     *
+     * If the input bounds conflict with existing tasks, this method scans the bounds in a series of
+     * directions to find a location where the we can put the bounds in display without conflict
+     * with any other tasks.
+     *
+     * It doesn't try to adjust bounds that's not fully in the given display.
+     *
+     * @param display the display which tasks are to check
+     * @param inOutBounds the bounds used to input initial bounds and output result bounds
+     */
+    private void adjustBoundsToAvoidConflict(@NonNull ActivityDisplay display,
+            @NonNull Rect inOutBounds) {
+        final Rect displayBounds = display.getBounds();
+        if (!displayBounds.contains(inOutBounds)) {
+            // The initial bounds are already out of display. The scanning algorithm below doesn't
+            // work so well with them.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final List<TaskRecord> tasksToCheck = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < display.getChildCount(); ++i) {
+            ActivityStack<?> stack = display.getChildAt(i);
+            if (!stack.inFreeformWindowingMode()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            for (int j = 0; j < stack.getChildCount(); ++j) {
+                tasksToCheck.add(stack.getChildAt(j));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!boundsConflict(tasksToCheck, inOutBounds)) {
+            // Current proposal doesn't conflict with any task. Early return to avoid unnecessary
+            // calculation.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        calculateCandidateShiftDirections(displayBounds, inOutBounds);
+        for (int direction : mTmpDirections) {
+            if (direction == Gravity.NO_GRAVITY) {
+                // We exhausted candidate directions, give up.
+                break;
+            }
+
+            mTmpBounds.set(inOutBounds);
+            while (boundsConflict(tasksToCheck, mTmpBounds) && displayBounds.contains(mTmpBounds)) {
+                shiftBounds(direction, displayBounds, mTmpBounds);
+            }
+
+            if (!boundsConflict(tasksToCheck, mTmpBounds) && displayBounds.contains(mTmpBounds)) {
+                // Found a candidate. Just use this.
+                inOutBounds.set(mTmpBounds);
+                if (DEBUG) appendLog("avoid-bounds-conflict=" + inOutBounds);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // Didn't find a conflict free bounds here. Try the next candidate direction.
+        }
+
+        // We failed to find a conflict free location. Just keep the original result.
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines scanning directions and their priorities to avoid bounds conflict.
+     *
+     * @param availableBounds bounds that the result must be in
+     * @param initialBounds initial bounds when start scanning
+     */
+    private void calculateCandidateShiftDirections(@NonNull Rect availableBounds,
+            @NonNull Rect initialBounds) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < mTmpDirections.length; ++i) {
+            mTmpDirections[i] = Gravity.NO_GRAVITY;
+        }
+
+        final int oneThirdWidth = (2 * availableBounds.left + availableBounds.right) / 3;
+        final int twoThirdWidth = (availableBounds.left + 2 * availableBounds.right) / 3;
+        final int centerX = initialBounds.centerX();
+        if (centerX < oneThirdWidth) {
+            // Too close to left, just scan to the right.
+            mTmpDirections[0] = Gravity.RIGHT;
+            return;
+        } else if (centerX > twoThirdWidth) {
+            // Too close to right, just scan to the left.
+            mTmpDirections[0] = Gravity.LEFT;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        final int oneThirdHeight = (2 * availableBounds.top + availableBounds.bottom) / 3;
+        final int twoThirdHeight = (availableBounds.top + 2 * availableBounds.bottom) / 3;
+        final int centerY = initialBounds.centerY();
+        if (centerY < oneThirdHeight || centerY > twoThirdHeight) {
+            // Too close to top or bottom boundary and we're in the middle horizontally, scan
+            // horizontally in both directions.
+            mTmpDirections[0] = Gravity.RIGHT;
+            mTmpDirections[1] = Gravity.LEFT;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // We're in the center region both horizontally and vertically. Scan in both directions of
+        // primary diagonal.
+        mTmpDirections[0] = Gravity.BOTTOM | Gravity.RIGHT;
+        mTmpDirections[1] = Gravity.TOP | Gravity.LEFT;
+    }
+
+    private boolean boundsConflict(@NonNull List<TaskRecord> tasks, @NonNull Rect bounds) {
+        for (TaskRecord task : tasks) {
+            final Rect taskBounds = task.getBounds();
+            final boolean leftClose = Math.abs(taskBounds.left - bounds.left)
+                    < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_THRESHOLD;
+            final boolean topClose = Math.abs(taskBounds.top - bounds.top)
+                    < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_THRESHOLD;
+            final boolean rightClose = Math.abs(taskBounds.right - bounds.right)
+                    < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_THRESHOLD;
+            final boolean bottomClose = Math.abs(taskBounds.bottom - bounds.bottom)
+                    < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_THRESHOLD;
+
+            if ((leftClose && topClose) || (leftClose && bottomClose) || (rightClose && topClose)
+                    || (rightClose && bottomClose)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
         return false;
     }
 
-    private static final boolean closeLeftTopCorner(Rect first, Rect second) {
-        return Math.abs(first.left - second.left) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE
-                && Math.abs(first.top - second.top) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE;
+    private void shiftBounds(int direction, @NonNull Rect availableRect,
+            @NonNull Rect inOutBounds) {
+        final int horizontalOffset;
+        switch (direction & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
+            case Gravity.LEFT:
+                horizontalOffset = -Math.max(MINIMAL_STEP,
+                        availableRect.width() / STEP_DENOMINATOR);
+                break;
+            case Gravity.RIGHT:
+                horizontalOffset = Math.max(MINIMAL_STEP, availableRect.width() / STEP_DENOMINATOR);
+                break;
+            default:
+                horizontalOffset = 0;
+        }
+
+        final int verticalOffset;
+        switch (direction & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
+            case Gravity.TOP:
+                verticalOffset = -Math.max(MINIMAL_STEP, availableRect.height() / STEP_DENOMINATOR);
+                break;
+            case Gravity.BOTTOM:
+                verticalOffset = Math.max(MINIMAL_STEP, availableRect.height() / STEP_DENOMINATOR);
+                break;
+            default:
+                verticalOffset = 0;
+        }
+
+        inOutBounds.offset(horizontalOffset, verticalOffset);
     }
 
-    private static final boolean closeRightTopCorner(Rect first, Rect second) {
-        return Math.abs(first.right - second.right) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE
-                && Math.abs(first.top - second.top) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE;
+    private void initLogBuilder(TaskRecord task, ActivityRecord activity) {
+        if (DEBUG) {
+            mLogBuilder = new StringBuilder("TaskLaunchParamsModifier:task=" + task
+                    + " activity=" + activity);
+        }
     }
 
-    private static final boolean closeLeftBottomCorner(Rect first, Rect second) {
-        return Math.abs(first.left - second.left) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE
-                && Math.abs(first.bottom - second.bottom) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE;
+    private void appendLog(String log) {
+        if (DEBUG) mLogBuilder.append(" ").append(log);
     }
 
-    private static final boolean closeRightBottomCorner(Rect first, Rect second) {
-        return Math.abs(first.right - second.right) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE
-                && Math.abs(first.bottom - second.bottom) < BOUNDS_CONFLICT_MIN_DISTANCE;
+    private void outputLog() {
+        if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, mLogBuilder.toString());
+    }
+
+    private static int orientationFromBounds(Rect bounds) {
+        return bounds.width() > bounds.height() ? SCREEN_ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE
+                : SCREEN_ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean sizeMatches(Rect left, Rect right) {
+        return (Math.abs(right.width() - left.width()) < EPSILON)
+                && (Math.abs(right.height() - left.height()) < EPSILON);
     }
 }