diff --git a/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml b/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml
index 7187919..9aedb76 100644
--- a/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ b/core/res/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -608,6 +608,9 @@
 
     <protected-broadcast android:name="android.provider.action.DEFAULT_SMS_PACKAGE_CHANGED_INTERNAL" />
 
+    <!-- For tether entitlement recheck-->
+    <protected-broadcast
+        android:name="com.android.server.connectivity.tethering.PROVISIONING_RECHECK_ALARM" />
     <!-- ====================================================================== -->
     <!--                          RUNTIME PERMISSIONS                           -->
     <!-- ====================================================================== -->
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Tethering.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Tethering.java
index 37fe3d0..0b1a98e 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Tethering.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/Tethering.java
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@
 import android.os.INetworkManagementService;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.os.Message;
-import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
@@ -230,8 +229,11 @@
 
         IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
         filter.addAction(ACTION_CARRIER_CONFIG_CHANGED);
-        mEntitlementMgr = mDeps.getEntitlementManager(mContext, mTetherMasterSM,
-                mLog, systemProperties);
+        // EntitlementManager will send EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED when cellular upstream
+        // permission is changed according to entitlement check result.
+        mEntitlementMgr = mDeps.getEntitlementManager(mContext, mTetherMasterSM, mLog,
+                TetherMasterSM.EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED, systemProperties);
+
         mCarrierConfigChange = new VersionedBroadcastListener(
                 "CarrierConfigChangeListener", mContext, mHandler, filter,
                 (Intent ignored) -> {
@@ -363,55 +365,28 @@
     }
 
     public void startTethering(int type, ResultReceiver receiver, boolean showProvisioningUi) {
-        mEntitlementMgr.startTethering(type);
-        if (!mEntitlementMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired()) {
-            enableTetheringInternal(type, true, receiver);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        final ResultReceiver proxyReceiver = getProxyReceiver(type, receiver);
-        if (showProvisioningUi) {
-            mEntitlementMgr.runUiTetherProvisioningAndEnable(type, proxyReceiver);
-        } else {
-            mEntitlementMgr.runSilentTetherProvisioningAndEnable(type, proxyReceiver);
-        }
+        mEntitlementMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(type, showProvisioningUi);
+        enableTetheringInternal(type, true /* enabled */, receiver);
     }
 
     public void stopTethering(int type) {
-        enableTetheringInternal(type, false, null);
-        mEntitlementMgr.stopTethering(type);
-        if (mEntitlementMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired()) {
-            // There are lurking bugs where the notion of "provisioning required" or
-            // "tethering supported" may change without notifying tethering properly, then
-            // tethering can't shutdown correctly.
-            // TODO: cancel re-check all the time
-            if (mDeps.isTetheringSupported()) {
-                mEntitlementMgr.cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks(type);
-            }
-        }
+        enableTetheringInternal(type, false /* disabled */, null);
+        mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(type);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Enables or disables tethering for the given type. This should only be called once
-     * provisioning has succeeded or is not necessary. It will also schedule provisioning rechecks
-     * for the specified interface.
+     * Enables or disables tethering for the given type. If provisioning is required, it will
+     * schedule provisioning rechecks for the specified interface.
      */
     private void enableTetheringInternal(int type, boolean enable, ResultReceiver receiver) {
-        boolean isProvisioningRequired = enable && mEntitlementMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired();
         int result;
         switch (type) {
             case TETHERING_WIFI:
                 result = setWifiTethering(enable);
-                if (isProvisioningRequired && result == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
-                    mEntitlementMgr.scheduleProvisioningRechecks(type);
-                }
                 sendTetherResult(receiver, result);
                 break;
             case TETHERING_USB:
                 result = setUsbTethering(enable);
-                if (isProvisioningRequired && result == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
-                    mEntitlementMgr.scheduleProvisioningRechecks(type);
-                }
                 sendTetherResult(receiver, result);
                 break;
             case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
@@ -469,46 +444,11 @@
                         ? TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR
                         : TETHER_ERROR_MASTER_ERROR;
                 sendTetherResult(receiver, result);
-                if (enable && mEntitlementMgr.isTetherProvisioningRequired()) {
-                    mEntitlementMgr.scheduleProvisioningRechecks(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH);
-                }
                 adapter.closeProfileProxy(BluetoothProfile.PAN, proxy);
             }
         }, BluetoothProfile.PAN);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Creates a proxy {@link ResultReceiver} which enables tethering if the provisioning result
-     * is successful before firing back up to the wrapped receiver.
-     *
-     * @param type The type of tethering being enabled.
-     * @param receiver A ResultReceiver which will be called back with an int resultCode.
-     * @return The proxy receiver.
-     */
-    private ResultReceiver getProxyReceiver(final int type, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
-        ResultReceiver rr = new ResultReceiver(null) {
-            @Override
-            protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
-                // If provisioning is successful, enable tethering, otherwise just send the error.
-                if (resultCode == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
-                    enableTetheringInternal(type, true, receiver);
-                } else {
-                    sendTetherResult(receiver, resultCode);
-                }
-                mEntitlementMgr.updateEntitlementCacheValue(type, resultCode);
-            }
-        };
-
-        // The following is necessary to avoid unmarshalling issues when sending the receiver
-        // across processes.
-        Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
-        rr.writeToParcel(parcel,0);
-        parcel.setDataPosition(0);
-        ResultReceiver receiverForSending = ResultReceiver.CREATOR.createFromParcel(parcel);
-        parcel.recycle();
-        return receiverForSending;
-    }
-
     public int tether(String iface) {
         return tether(iface, IpServer.STATE_TETHERED);
     }
@@ -787,6 +727,7 @@
                 if (!usbConnected && mRndisEnabled) {
                     // Turn off tethering if it was enabled and there is a disconnect.
                     tetherMatchingInterfaces(IpServer.STATE_AVAILABLE, TETHERING_USB);
+                    mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB);
                 } else if (usbConfigured && rndisEnabled) {
                     // Tether if rndis is enabled and usb is configured.
                     tetherMatchingInterfaces(IpServer.STATE_TETHERED, TETHERING_USB);
@@ -813,6 +754,7 @@
                     case WifiManager.WIFI_AP_STATE_FAILED:
                     default:
                         disableWifiIpServingLocked(ifname, curState);
+                        mEntitlementMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
                         break;
                 }
             }
@@ -1090,6 +1032,8 @@
         // we treated the error and want now to clear it
         static final int CMD_CLEAR_ERROR                        = BASE_MASTER + 6;
         static final int EVENT_IFACE_UPDATE_LINKPROPERTIES      = BASE_MASTER + 7;
+        // Events from EntitlementManager to choose upstream again.
+        static final int EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED      = BASE_MASTER + 8;
 
         private final State mInitialState;
         private final State mTetherModeAliveState;
@@ -1504,6 +1448,7 @@
                         }
                         break;
                     }
+                    case EVENT_UPSTREAM_PERMISSION_CHANGED:
                     case CMD_UPSTREAM_CHANGED:
                         updateUpstreamWanted();
                         if (!mUpstreamWanted) break;
@@ -1694,7 +1639,8 @@
     }
 
     public void systemReady() {
-        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDeps.getDefaultNetworkRequest());
+        mUpstreamNetworkMonitor.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDeps.getDefaultNetworkRequest(),
+                mEntitlementMgr);
     }
 
     /** Get the latest value of the tethering entitlement check. */
@@ -1755,6 +1701,11 @@
         cfg.dump(pw);
         pw.decreaseIndent();
 
+        pw.println("Entitlement:");
+        pw.increaseIndent();
+        mEntitlementMgr.dump(pw);
+        pw.decreaseIndent();
+
         synchronized (mPublicSync) {
             pw.println("Tether state:");
             pw.increaseIndent();
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManager.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
index 70ab389..5c45397 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManager.java
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_SET_ALARM;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_INVALID;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_USB;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED;
@@ -28,17 +30,24 @@
 import static com.android.internal.R.string.config_wifi_tether_enable;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.app.AlarmManager;
+import android.app.PendingIntent;
+import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
 import android.content.ComponentName;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.content.Intent;
+import android.content.IntentFilter;
 import android.content.res.Resources;
 import android.net.util.SharedLog;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Message;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
 import android.os.ResultReceiver;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.os.UserHandle;
 import android.provider.Settings;
 import android.telephony.CarrierConfigManager;
@@ -46,48 +55,78 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
-import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 import com.android.server.connectivity.MockableSystemProperties;
 
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+
 /**
- * This class encapsulates entitlement/provisioning mechanics
- * provisioning check only applies to the use of the mobile network as an upstream
+ * Re-check tethering provisioning for enabled downstream tether types.
+ * Reference ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *} for each tether type.
  *
+ * All methods of this class must be accessed from the thread of tethering
+ * state machine.
  * @hide
  */
 public class EntitlementManager {
     private static final String TAG = EntitlementManager.class.getSimpleName();
     private static final boolean DBG = false;
 
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected static final String DISABLE_PROVISIONING_SYSPROP_KEY = "net.tethering.noprovisioning";
+    private static final String ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM =
+            "com.android.server.connectivity.tethering.PROVISIONING_RECHECK_ALARM";
+
     // {@link ComponentName} of the Service used to run tether provisioning.
     private static final ComponentName TETHER_SERVICE = ComponentName.unflattenFromString(
             Resources.getSystem().getString(config_wifi_tether_enable));
-    protected static final String DISABLE_PROVISIONING_SYSPROP_KEY = "net.tethering.noprovisioning";
+    private static final int MS_PER_HOUR = 60 * 60 * 1000;
+    private static final int EVENT_START_PROVISIONING = 0;
+    private static final int EVENT_STOP_PROVISIONING = 1;
+    private static final int EVENT_UPSTREAM_CHANGED = 2;
+    private static final int EVENT_MAYBE_RUN_PROVISIONING = 3;
+    private static final int EVENT_GET_ENTITLEMENT_VALUE = 4;
+
 
     // The ArraySet contains enabled downstream types, ex:
     // {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI}
     // {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_USB}
     // {@link ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH}
-    @GuardedBy("mCurrentTethers")
     private final ArraySet<Integer> mCurrentTethers;
     private final Context mContext;
+    private final int mPermissionChangeMessageCode;
     private final MockableSystemProperties mSystemProperties;
     private final SharedLog mLog;
-    private final Handler mMasterHandler;
     private final SparseIntArray mEntitlementCacheValue;
-    @Nullable
-    private TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    private final EntitlementHandler mHandler;
+    private @Nullable TetheringConfiguration mConfig;
+    private final StateMachine mTetherMasterSM;
+    // Key: ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_*(downstream).
+    // Value: ConnectivityManager.TETHER_ERROR_{NO_ERROR or PROVISION_FAILED}(provisioning result).
+    private final SparseIntArray mCellularPermitted;
+    private PendingIntent mProvisioningRecheckAlarm;
+    private boolean mCellularUpstreamPermitted = true;
+    private boolean mUsingCellularAsUpstream = false;
+    private boolean mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
 
     public EntitlementManager(Context ctx, StateMachine tetherMasterSM, SharedLog log,
-            MockableSystemProperties systemProperties) {
+            int permissionChangeMessageCode, MockableSystemProperties systemProperties) {
+
         mContext = ctx;
         mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
         mCurrentTethers = new ArraySet<Integer>();
+        mCellularPermitted = new SparseIntArray();
         mSystemProperties = systemProperties;
         mEntitlementCacheValue = new SparseIntArray();
-        mMasterHandler = tetherMasterSM.getHandler();
+        mTetherMasterSM = tetherMasterSM;
+        mPermissionChangeMessageCode = permissionChangeMessageCode;
+        final Handler masterHandler = tetherMasterSM.getHandler();
+        // Create entitlement's own handler which is associated with TetherMaster thread
+        // let all entitlement processes run in the same thread.
+        mHandler = new EntitlementHandler(masterHandler.getLooper());
+        mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, new IntentFilter(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM),
+                null, mHandler);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -99,24 +138,118 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Tell EntitlementManager that a given type of tethering has been enabled
-     *
-     * @param type Tethering type
+     * Check if cellular upstream is permitted.
      */
-    public void startTethering(int type) {
-        synchronized (mCurrentTethers) {
-            mCurrentTethers.add(type);
+    public boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted() {
+        return mCellularUpstreamPermitted;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * This is called when tethering starts.
+     * Launch provisioning app if upstream is cellular.
+     *
+     * @param downstreamType tethering type from ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param showProvisioningUi a boolean indicating whether to show the
+     *        provisioning app UI if there is one.
+     */
+    public void startProvisioningIfNeeded(int downstreamType, boolean showProvisioningUi) {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_START_PROVISIONING,
+                downstreamType, encodeBool(showProvisioningUi)));
+    }
+
+    private void handleStartProvisioningIfNeeded(int type, boolean showProvisioningUi) {
+        if (!isValidDownstreamType(type)) return;
+
+        if (!mCurrentTethers.contains(type)) mCurrentTethers.add(type);
+
+        if (isTetherProvisioningRequired()) {
+            // If provisioning is required and the result is not available yet,
+            // cellular upstream should not be allowed.
+            if (mCellularPermitted.size() == 0) {
+                mCellularUpstreamPermitted = false;
+            }
+            // If upstream is not cellular, provisioning app would not be launched
+            // till upstream change to cellular.
+            if (mUsingCellularAsUpstream) {
+                if (showProvisioningUi) {
+                    runUiTetherProvisioning(type);
+                } else {
+                    runSilentTetherProvisioning(type);
+                }
+                mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
+            } else {
+                mNeedReRunProvisioningUi |= showProvisioningUi;
+            }
+        } else {
+            mCellularUpstreamPermitted = true;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Tell EntitlementManager that a given type of tethering has been disabled
      *
-     * @param type Tethering type
+     * @param type tethering type from ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
      */
-    public void stopTethering(int type) {
-        synchronized (mCurrentTethers) {
-            mCurrentTethers.remove(type);
+    public void stopProvisioningIfNeeded(int type) {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_STOP_PROVISIONING, type, 0));
+    }
+
+    private void handleStopProvisioningIfNeeded(int type) {
+        if (!isValidDownstreamType(type)) return;
+
+        mCurrentTethers.remove(type);
+        // There are lurking bugs where the notion of "provisioning required" or
+        // "tethering supported" may change without without tethering being notified properly.
+        // Remove the mapping all the time no matter provisioning is required or not.
+        removeDownstreamMapping(type);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Notify EntitlementManager if upstream is cellular or not.
+     *
+     * @param isCellular whether tethering upstream is cellular.
+     */
+    public void notifyUpstream(boolean isCellular) {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(
+                EVENT_UPSTREAM_CHANGED, encodeBool(isCellular), 0));
+    }
+
+    private void handleNotifyUpstream(boolean isCellular) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "notifyUpstream: " + isCellular
+                    + ", mCellularUpstreamPermitted: " + mCellularUpstreamPermitted
+                    + ", mNeedReRunProvisioningUi: " + mNeedReRunProvisioningUi);
+        }
+        mUsingCellularAsUpstream = isCellular;
+
+        if (mUsingCellularAsUpstream) {
+            handleMaybeRunProvisioning();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** Run provisioning if needed */
+    public void maybeRunProvisioning() {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_MAYBE_RUN_PROVISIONING));
+    }
+
+    private void handleMaybeRunProvisioning() {
+        if (mCurrentTethers.size() == 0 || !isTetherProvisioningRequired()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Whenever any entitlement value changes, all downstreams will re-evaluate whether they
+        // are allowed. Therefore even if the silent check here ends in a failure and the UI later
+        // yields success, then the downstream that got a failure will re-evaluate as a result of
+        // the change and get the new correct value.
+        for (Integer downstream : mCurrentTethers) {
+            if (mCellularPermitted.indexOfKey(downstream) < 0) {
+                if (mNeedReRunProvisioningUi) {
+                    mNeedReRunProvisioningUi = false;
+                    runUiTetherProvisioning(downstream);
+                } else {
+                    runSilentTetherProvisioning(downstream);
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -138,23 +271,32 @@
     }
 
     /**
-     * Re-check tethering provisioning for enabled downstream tether types.
+     * Re-check tethering provisioning for all enabled tether types.
      * Reference ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *} for each tether type.
+     *
+     * Note: this method is only called from TetherMaster on the handler thread.
+     * If there are new callers from different threads, the logic should move to
+     * masterHandler to avoid race conditions.
      */
     public void reevaluateSimCardProvisioning() {
-        synchronized (mEntitlementCacheValue) {
-            mEntitlementCacheValue.clear();
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "reevaluateSimCardProvisioning");
+
+        if (!mHandler.getLooper().isCurrentThread()) {
+            // Except for test, this log should not appear in normal flow.
+            mLog.log("reevaluateSimCardProvisioning() don't run in TetherMaster thread");
+        }
+        mEntitlementCacheValue.clear();
+        mCellularPermitted.clear();
+
+        // TODO: refine provisioning check to isTetherProvisioningRequired() ??
+        if (!mConfig.hasMobileHotspotProvisionApp()
+                || carrierConfigAffirmsEntitlementCheckNotRequired()) {
+            evaluateCellularPermission();
+            return;
         }
 
-        if (!mConfig.hasMobileHotspotProvisionApp()) return;
-        if (carrierConfigAffirmsEntitlementCheckNotRequired()) return;
-
-        final ArraySet<Integer> reevaluateType;
-        synchronized (mCurrentTethers) {
-            reevaluateType = new ArraySet<Integer>(mCurrentTethers);
-        }
-        for (Integer type : reevaluateType) {
-            startProvisionIntent(type);
+        if (mUsingCellularAsUpstream) {
+            handleMaybeRunProvisioning();
         }
     }
 
@@ -189,7 +331,14 @@
         return !isEntitlementCheckRequired;
     }
 
-    public void runSilentTetherProvisioningAndEnable(int type, ResultReceiver receiver) {
+    /**
+     * Run no UI tethering provisioning check.
+     * @param type tethering type from ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     */
+    protected void runSilentTetherProvisioning(int type) {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "runSilentTetherProvisioning: " + type);
+        ResultReceiver receiver = buildProxyReceiver(type, null);
+
         Intent intent = new Intent();
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION, true);
@@ -203,12 +352,20 @@
         }
     }
 
-    public void runUiTetherProvisioningAndEnable(int type, ResultReceiver receiver) {
+    /**
+     * Run the UI-enabled tethering provisioning check.
+     * @param type tethering type from ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     */
+    @VisibleForTesting
+    protected void runUiTetherProvisioning(int type) {
+        ResultReceiver receiver = buildProxyReceiver(type, null);
         runUiTetherProvisioning(type, receiver);
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
     protected void runUiTetherProvisioning(int type, ResultReceiver receiver) {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "runUiTetherProvisioning: " + type);
+
         Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_TETHER_PROVISIONING);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
         intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PROVISION_CALLBACK, receiver);
@@ -221,56 +378,206 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // Used by the SIM card change observation code.
-    // TODO: De-duplicate with above code, where possible.
-    private void startProvisionIntent(int tetherType) {
-        final Intent startProvIntent = new Intent();
-        startProvIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, tetherType);
-        startProvIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_RUN_PROVISION, true);
-        startProvIntent.setComponent(TETHER_SERVICE);
-        mContext.startServiceAsUser(startProvIntent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
-    }
+    // Not needed to check if this don't run on the handler thread because it's private.
+    private void scheduleProvisioningRechecks() {
+        if (mProvisioningRecheckAlarm == null) {
+            final int period = mConfig.provisioningCheckPeriod;
+            if (period <= 0) return;
 
-    public void scheduleProvisioningRechecks(int type) {
-        Intent intent = new Intent();
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_ADD_TETHER_TYPE, type);
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_SET_ALARM, true);
-        intent.setComponent(TETHER_SERVICE);
-        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
-        try {
-            mContext.startServiceAsUser(intent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
-        } finally {
-            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+            Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM);
+            mProvisioningRecheckAlarm = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(mContext, 0, intent, 0);
+            AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                    Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+            long periodMs = period * MS_PER_HOUR;
+            long firstAlarmTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + periodMs;
+            alarmManager.setRepeating(AlarmManager.ELAPSED_REALTIME, firstAlarmTime, periodMs,
+                    mProvisioningRecheckAlarm);
         }
     }
 
-    public void cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks(int type) {
-        Intent intent = new Intent();
-        intent.putExtra(EXTRA_REM_TETHER_TYPE, type);
-        intent.setComponent(TETHER_SERVICE);
-        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
-        try {
-            mContext.startServiceAsUser(intent, UserHandle.CURRENT);
-        } finally {
-            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(ident);
+    private void cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks() {
+        if (mProvisioningRecheckAlarm != null) {
+            AlarmManager alarmManager = (AlarmManager) mContext.getSystemService(
+                    Context.ALARM_SERVICE);
+            alarmManager.cancel(mProvisioningRecheckAlarm);
+            mProvisioningRecheckAlarm = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void evaluateCellularPermission() {
+        final boolean oldPermitted = mCellularUpstreamPermitted;
+        mCellularUpstreamPermitted = (!isTetherProvisioningRequired()
+                || mCellularPermitted.indexOfValue(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) > -1);
+
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "Cellular permission change from " + oldPermitted
+                    + " to " + mCellularUpstreamPermitted);
+        }
+
+        if (mCellularUpstreamPermitted != oldPermitted) {
+            mLog.log("Cellular permission change: " + mCellularUpstreamPermitted);
+            mTetherMasterSM.sendMessage(mPermissionChangeMessageCode);
+        }
+        // Only schedule periodic re-check when tether is provisioned
+        // and the result is ok.
+        if (mCellularUpstreamPermitted && mCellularPermitted.size() > 0) {
+            scheduleProvisioningRechecks();
+        } else {
+            cancelTetherProvisioningRechecks();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add the mapping between provisioning result and tethering type.
+     * Notify UpstreamNetworkMonitor if Cellular permission changes.
+     *
+     * @param type tethering type from ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     * @param resultCode Provisioning result
+     */
+    protected void addDownstreamMapping(int type, int resultCode) {
+        if (DBG) {
+            Log.d(TAG, "addDownstreamMapping: " + type + ", result: " + resultCode
+                    + " ,TetherTypeRequested: " + mCurrentTethers.contains(type));
+        }
+        if (!mCurrentTethers.contains(type)) return;
+
+        mCellularPermitted.put(type, resultCode);
+        evaluateCellularPermission();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove the mapping for input tethering type.
+     * @param type tethering type from ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_{@code *}
+     */
+    protected void removeDownstreamMapping(int type) {
+        if (DBG) Log.d(TAG, "removeDownstreamMapping: " + type);
+        mCellularPermitted.delete(type);
+        evaluateCellularPermission();
+    }
+
+    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
+        @Override
+        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
+            if (ACTION_PROVISIONING_ALARM.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+                mLog.log("Received provisioning alarm");
+                reevaluateSimCardProvisioning();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    private class EntitlementHandler extends Handler {
+        EntitlementHandler(Looper looper) {
+            super(looper);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
+            switch (msg.what) {
+                case EVENT_START_PROVISIONING:
+                    handleStartProvisioningIfNeeded(msg.arg1, toBool(msg.arg2));
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_STOP_PROVISIONING:
+                    handleStopProvisioningIfNeeded(msg.arg1);
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_UPSTREAM_CHANGED:
+                    handleNotifyUpstream(toBool(msg.arg1));
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_MAYBE_RUN_PROVISIONING:
+                    handleMaybeRunProvisioning();
+                    break;
+                case EVENT_GET_ENTITLEMENT_VALUE:
+                    handleGetLatestTetheringEntitlementValue(msg.arg1, (ResultReceiver) msg.obj,
+                            toBool(msg.arg2));
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    mLog.log("Unknown event: " + msg.what);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean toBool(int encodedBoolean) {
+        return encodedBoolean != 0;
+    }
+
+    private static int encodeBool(boolean b) {
+        return b ? 1 : 0;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isValidDownstreamType(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH:
+            case TETHERING_USB:
+            case TETHERING_WIFI:
+                return true;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dump the infromation of EntitlementManager.
+     * @param pw {@link PrintWriter} is used to print formatted
+     */
+    public void dump(PrintWriter pw) {
+        pw.print("mCellularUpstreamPermitted: ");
+        pw.println(mCellularUpstreamPermitted);
+        for (Integer type : mCurrentTethers) {
+            pw.print("Type: ");
+            pw.print(typeString(type));
+            if (mCellularPermitted.indexOfKey(type) > -1) {
+                pw.print(", Value: ");
+                pw.println(errorString(mCellularPermitted.get(type)));
+            } else {
+                pw.println(", Value: empty");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String typeString(int type) {
+        switch (type) {
+            case TETHERING_BLUETOOTH: return "TETHERING_BLUETOOTH";
+            case TETHERING_INVALID: return "TETHERING_INVALID";
+            case TETHERING_USB: return "TETHERING_USB";
+            case TETHERING_WIFI: return "TETHERING_WIFI";
+            default:
+                return String.format("TETHERING UNKNOWN TYPE (%d)", type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static String errorString(int value) {
+        switch (value) {
+            case TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN: return "TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN";
+            case TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR: return "TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR";
+            case TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED: return "TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED";
+            default:
+                return String.format("UNKNOWN ERROR (%d)", value);
         }
     }
 
     private ResultReceiver buildProxyReceiver(int type, final ResultReceiver receiver) {
-        ResultReceiver rr = new ResultReceiver(mMasterHandler) {
+        ResultReceiver rr = new ResultReceiver(mHandler) {
             @Override
             protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
                 int updatedCacheValue = updateEntitlementCacheValue(type, resultCode);
-                receiver.send(updatedCacheValue, null);
+                addDownstreamMapping(type, updatedCacheValue);
+                if (receiver != null) receiver.send(updatedCacheValue, null);
             }
         };
 
         return writeToParcel(rr);
     }
 
+    // Instances of ResultReceiver need to be public classes for remote processes to be able
+    // to load them (otherwise, ClassNotFoundException). For private classes, this method
+    // performs a trick : round-trip parceling any instance of ResultReceiver will return a
+    // vanilla instance of ResultReceiver sharing the binder token with the original receiver.
+    // The binder token has a reference to the original instance of the private class and will
+    // still call its methods, and can be sent over. However it cannot be used for anything
+    // else than sending over a Binder call.
+    // While round-trip parceling is not great, there is currently no other way of generating
+    // a vanilla instance of ResultReceiver because all its fields are private.
     private ResultReceiver writeToParcel(final ResultReceiver receiver) {
-        // This is necessary to avoid unmarshalling issues when sending the receiver
-        // across processes.
         Parcel parcel = Parcel.obtain();
         receiver.writeToParcel(parcel, 0);
         parcel.setDataPosition(0);
@@ -286,34 +593,37 @@
      * @param resultCode last entitlement value
      * @return the last updated entitlement value
      */
-    public int updateEntitlementCacheValue(int type, int resultCode) {
+    private int updateEntitlementCacheValue(int type, int resultCode) {
         if (DBG) {
             Log.d(TAG, "updateEntitlementCacheValue: " + type + ", result: " + resultCode);
         }
-        synchronized (mEntitlementCacheValue) {
-            if (resultCode == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
-                mEntitlementCacheValue.put(type, resultCode);
-                return resultCode;
-            } else {
-                mEntitlementCacheValue.put(type, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
-                return TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED;
-            }
+        if (resultCode == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR) {
+            mEntitlementCacheValue.put(type, resultCode);
+            return resultCode;
+        } else {
+            mEntitlementCacheValue.put(type, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+            return TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED;
         }
     }
 
     /** Get the last value of the tethering entitlement check. */
     public void getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(int downstream, ResultReceiver receiver,
             boolean showEntitlementUi) {
+        mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(EVENT_GET_ENTITLEMENT_VALUE,
+                downstream, encodeBool(showEntitlementUi), receiver));
+
+    }
+
+    private void handleGetLatestTetheringEntitlementValue(int downstream, ResultReceiver receiver,
+            boolean showEntitlementUi) {
+
         if (!isTetherProvisioningRequired()) {
             receiver.send(TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR, null);
             return;
         }
 
-        final int cacheValue;
-        synchronized (mEntitlementCacheValue) {
-            cacheValue = mEntitlementCacheValue.get(
+        final int cacheValue = mEntitlementCacheValue.get(
                 downstream, TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN);
-        }
         if (cacheValue == TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR || !showEntitlementUi) {
             receiver.send(cacheValue, null);
         } else {
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
index 935b795..8427b6e 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringConfiguration.java
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 import static com.android.internal.R.array.config_tether_usb_regexs;
 import static com.android.internal.R.array.config_tether_wifi_regexs;
 import static com.android.internal.R.bool.config_tether_upstream_automatic;
+import static com.android.internal.R.integer.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_check_period;
 import static com.android.internal.R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui;
 
 import android.content.ContentResolver;
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@
 
     public final String[] provisioningApp;
     public final String provisioningAppNoUi;
+    public final int provisioningCheckPeriod;
 
     public final int subId;
 
@@ -121,6 +123,9 @@
 
         provisioningApp = getResourceStringArray(res, config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app);
         provisioningAppNoUi = getProvisioningAppNoUi(res);
+        provisioningCheckPeriod = getResourceInteger(res,
+                config_mobile_hotspot_provision_check_period,
+                0 /* No periodic re-check */);
 
         configLog.log(toString());
     }
@@ -311,6 +316,14 @@
         }
     }
 
+    private static int getResourceInteger(Resources res, int resId, int defaultValue) {
+        try {
+            return res.getInteger(resId);
+        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException e404) {
+            return defaultValue;
+        }
+    }
+
     private static boolean getEnableLegacyDhcpServer(Context ctx) {
         final ContentResolver cr = ctx.getContentResolver();
         final int intVal = Settings.Global.getInt(cr, TETHER_ENABLE_LEGACY_DHCP_SERVER, 0);
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
index 173d786..a0aad7c 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/TetheringDependencies.java
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@
      * Get a reference to the EntitlementManager to be used by tethering.
      */
     public EntitlementManager getEntitlementManager(Context ctx, StateMachine target,
-            SharedLog log, MockableSystemProperties systemProperties) {
-        return new EntitlementManager(ctx, target, log, systemProperties);
+            SharedLog log, int what, MockableSystemProperties systemProperties) {
+        return new EntitlementManager(ctx, target, log, what, systemProperties);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
index 3ac311b..3a9e21f 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitor.java
@@ -16,36 +16,32 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.tethering;
 
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
-import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_DUN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_NOT_VPN;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_CELLULAR;
 
 import android.content.Context;
-import android.os.Handler;
-import android.os.Looper;
-import android.os.Process;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
 import android.net.ConnectivityManager.NetworkCallback;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
-import android.net.LinkAddress;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.Network;
 import android.net.NetworkCapabilities;
 import android.net.NetworkRequest;
 import android.net.NetworkState;
-import android.net.util.NetworkConstants;
 import android.net.util.PrefixUtils;
 import android.net.util.SharedLog;
+import android.os.Handler;
+import android.os.Process;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
 import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;
 
-import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.HashSet;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -97,10 +93,13 @@
     private final HashMap<Network, NetworkState> mNetworkMap = new HashMap<>();
     private HashSet<IpPrefix> mLocalPrefixes;
     private ConnectivityManager mCM;
+    private EntitlementManager mEntitlementMgr;
     private NetworkCallback mListenAllCallback;
     private NetworkCallback mDefaultNetworkCallback;
     private NetworkCallback mMobileNetworkCallback;
     private boolean mDunRequired;
+    // Whether the current default upstream is mobile or not.
+    private boolean mIsDefaultCellularUpstream;
     // The current system default network (not really used yet).
     private Network mDefaultInternetNetwork;
     // The current upstream network used for tethering.
@@ -113,6 +112,7 @@
         mLog = log.forSubComponent(TAG);
         mWhat = what;
         mLocalPrefixes = new HashSet<>();
+        mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = false;
     }
 
     @VisibleForTesting
@@ -122,7 +122,15 @@
         mCM = cm;
     }
 
-    public void startTrackDefaultNetwork(NetworkRequest defaultNetworkRequest) {
+    /**
+     * Tracking the system default network. This method should be called when system is ready.
+     *
+     * @param defaultNetworkRequest should be the same as ConnectivityService default request
+     * @param entitle a EntitlementManager object to communicate between EntitlementManager and
+     * UpstreamNetworkMonitor
+     */
+    public void startTrackDefaultNetwork(NetworkRequest defaultNetworkRequest,
+            EntitlementManager entitle) {
         // This is not really a "request", just a way of tracking the system default network.
         // It's guaranteed not to actually bring up any networks because it's the same request
         // as the ConnectivityService default request, and thus shares fate with it. We can't
@@ -133,6 +141,9 @@
             mDefaultNetworkCallback = new UpstreamNetworkCallback(CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET);
             cm().requestNetwork(trackDefaultRequest, mDefaultNetworkCallback, mHandler);
         }
+        if (mEntitlementMgr == null) {
+            mEntitlementMgr = entitle;
+        }
     }
 
     public void startObserveAllNetworks() {
@@ -168,11 +179,15 @@
     }
 
     public void registerMobileNetworkRequest() {
+        if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted()) {
+            mLog.i("registerMobileNetworkRequest() is not permitted");
+            releaseMobileNetworkRequest();
+            return;
+        }
         if (mMobileNetworkCallback != null) {
             mLog.e("registerMobileNetworkRequest() already registered");
             return;
         }
-
         // The following use of the legacy type system cannot be removed until
         // after upstream selection no longer finds networks by legacy type.
         // See also http://b/34364553 .
@@ -206,29 +221,32 @@
     // becomes available and useful we (a) file a request to keep it up as
     // necessary and (b) change all upstream tracking state accordingly (by
     // passing LinkProperties up to Tethering).
-    //
-    // Next TODO: return NetworkState instead of just the type.
     public NetworkState selectPreferredUpstreamType(Iterable<Integer> preferredTypes) {
         final TypeStatePair typeStatePair = findFirstAvailableUpstreamByType(
-                mNetworkMap.values(), preferredTypes);
+                mNetworkMap.values(), preferredTypes, isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
 
         mLog.log("preferred upstream type: " + getNetworkTypeName(typeStatePair.type));
 
         switch (typeStatePair.type) {
             case TYPE_MOBILE_DUN:
             case TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI:
+                // Tethering just selected mobile upstream in spite of the default network being
+                // not mobile. This can happen because of the priority list.
+                // Notify EntitlementManager to check permission for using mobile upstream.
+                if (!mIsDefaultCellularUpstream) {
+                    mEntitlementMgr.maybeRunProvisioning();
+                }
                 // If we're on DUN, put our own grab on it.
                 registerMobileNetworkRequest();
                 break;
             case TYPE_NONE:
+                // If we found NONE and mobile upstream is permitted we don't want to do this
+                // as we want any previous requests to keep trying to bring up something we can use.
+                if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted()) releaseMobileNetworkRequest();
                 break;
             default:
-                /* If we've found an active upstream connection that's not DUN/HIPRI
-                 * we should stop any outstanding DUN/HIPRI requests.
-                 *
-                 * If we found NONE we don't want to do this as we want any previous
-                 * requests to keep trying to bring up something we can use.
-                 */
+                // If we've found an active upstream connection that's not DUN/HIPRI
+                // we should stop any outstanding DUN/HIPRI requests.
                 releaseMobileNetworkRequest();
                 break;
         }
@@ -241,10 +259,12 @@
         final NetworkState dfltState = (mDefaultInternetNetwork != null)
                 ? mNetworkMap.get(mDefaultInternetNetwork)
                 : null;
-        if (!mDunRequired) return dfltState;
-
         if (isNetworkUsableAndNotCellular(dfltState)) return dfltState;
 
+        if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted()) return null;
+
+        if (!mDunRequired) return dfltState;
+
         // Find a DUN network. Note that code in Tethering causes a DUN request
         // to be filed, but this might be moved into this class in future.
         return findFirstDunNetwork(mNetworkMap.values());
@@ -258,6 +278,15 @@
         return (Set<IpPrefix>) mLocalPrefixes.clone();
     }
 
+    private boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted() {
+        if (mEntitlementMgr != null) {
+            return mEntitlementMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted();
+        } else {
+            // This flow should only happens in testing.
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
     private void handleAvailable(Network network) {
         if (mNetworkMap.containsKey(network)) return;
 
@@ -388,8 +417,14 @@
         public void onCapabilitiesChanged(Network network, NetworkCapabilities newNc) {
             if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET) {
                 mDefaultInternetNetwork = network;
+                final boolean newIsCellular = isCellular(newNc);
+                if (mIsDefaultCellularUpstream != newIsCellular) {
+                    mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = newIsCellular;
+                    mEntitlementMgr.notifyUpstream(newIsCellular);
+                }
                 return;
             }
+
             handleNetCap(network, newNc);
         }
 
@@ -424,8 +459,11 @@
         public void onLost(Network network) {
             if (mCallbackType == CALLBACK_DEFAULT_INTERNET) {
                 mDefaultInternetNetwork = null;
+                mIsDefaultCellularUpstream = false;
+                mEntitlementMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
                 return;
             }
+
             handleLost(network);
             // Any non-LISTEN_ALL callback will necessarily concern a network that will
             // also match the LISTEN_ALL callback by construction of the LISTEN_ALL callback.
@@ -454,7 +492,8 @@
     }
 
     private static TypeStatePair findFirstAvailableUpstreamByType(
-            Iterable<NetworkState> netStates, Iterable<Integer> preferredTypes) {
+            Iterable<NetworkState> netStates, Iterable<Integer> preferredTypes,
+            boolean isCellularUpstreamPermitted) {
         final TypeStatePair result = new TypeStatePair();
 
         for (int type : preferredTypes) {
@@ -466,6 +505,10 @@
                        ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName(type));
                 continue;
             }
+            if (!isCellularUpstreamPermitted && isCellular(nc)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             nc.setSingleUid(Process.myUid());
 
             for (NetworkState value : netStates) {
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
index bac5098..9eab4be 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/EntitlementManagerTest.java
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 package com.android.server.connectivity.tethering;
 
+import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_BLUETOOTH;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_USB;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHERING_WIFI;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN;
@@ -72,6 +73,7 @@
 
     private static final int EVENT_EM_UPDATE = 1;
     private static final String[] PROVISIONING_APP_NAME = {"some", "app"};
+    private static final String PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME = "no_ui_app";
 
     @Mock private CarrierConfigManager mCarrierConfigManager;
     @Mock private Context mContext;
@@ -108,10 +110,12 @@
     public class WrappedEntitlementManager extends EntitlementManager {
         public int fakeEntitlementResult = TETHER_ERROR_ENTITLEMENT_UNKONWN;
         public boolean everRunUiEntitlement = false;
+        public int uiProvisionCount = 0;
+        public int silentProvisionCount = 0;
 
         public WrappedEntitlementManager(Context ctx, StateMachine target,
-                SharedLog log, MockableSystemProperties systemProperties) {
-            super(ctx, target, log, systemProperties);
+                SharedLog log, int what, MockableSystemProperties systemProperties) {
+            super(ctx, target, log, what, systemProperties);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -119,6 +123,16 @@
             everRunUiEntitlement = true;
             receiver.send(fakeEntitlementResult, null);
         }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void runUiTetherProvisioning(int type) {
+            uiProvisionCount++;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void runSilentTetherProvisioning(int type) {
+            silentProvisionCount++;
+        }
     }
 
     @Before
@@ -141,7 +155,8 @@
         mContentResolver.addProvider(Settings.AUTHORITY, new FakeSettingsProvider());
         mMockContext = new MockContext(mContext);
         mSM = new TestStateMachine();
-        mEnMgr = new WrappedEntitlementManager(mMockContext, mSM, mLog, mSystemProperties);
+        mEnMgr = new WrappedEntitlementManager(mMockContext, mSM, mLog, EVENT_EM_UPDATE,
+                mSystemProperties);
         mEnMgr.updateConfiguration(
                 new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog, INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
     }
@@ -158,7 +173,9 @@
         // Produce some acceptable looking provision app setting if requested.
         when(mResources.getStringArray(R.array.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app))
                 .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_APP_NAME);
-        // Don't disable tethering provisioning unless requested.
+        when(mResources.getString(R.string.config_mobile_hotspot_provision_app_no_ui))
+                .thenReturn(PROVISIONING_NO_UI_APP_NAME);
+       // Don't disable tethering provisioning unless requested.
         when(mSystemProperties.getBoolean(eq(EntitlementManager.DISABLE_PROVISIONING_SYSPROP_KEY),
                 anyBoolean())).thenReturn(false);
         // Act like the CarrierConfigManager is present and ready unless told otherwise.
@@ -238,6 +255,7 @@
             }
         };
         mEnMgr.getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
         callbackTimeoutHelper(mCallbacklatch);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.everRunUiEntitlement);
 
@@ -254,6 +272,7 @@
             }
         };
         mEnMgr.getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
         callbackTimeoutHelper(mCallbacklatch);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.everRunUiEntitlement);
         // 3. No cache value and ui entitlement check is needed.
@@ -281,6 +300,7 @@
             }
         };
         mEnMgr.getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
         callbackTimeoutHelper(mCallbacklatch);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.everRunUiEntitlement);
         // 5. Cache value is TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED and ui entitlement check is needed.
@@ -308,6 +328,7 @@
             }
         };
         mEnMgr.getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_WIFI, receiver, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
         callbackTimeoutHelper(mCallbacklatch);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.everRunUiEntitlement);
         // 7. Test get value for other downstream type.
@@ -320,19 +341,128 @@
             }
         };
         mEnMgr.getLatestTetheringEntitlementResult(TETHERING_USB, receiver, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
         callbackTimeoutHelper(mCallbacklatch);
         assertFalse(mEnMgr.everRunUiEntitlement);
     }
 
     void callbackTimeoutHelper(final CountDownLatch latch) throws Exception {
         if (!latch.await(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
-            fail("Timout, fail to recieve callback");
+            fail("Timout, fail to receive callback");
         }
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionResult() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.updateConfiguration(new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog,
+                  INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionIfAllNotApproved() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.updateConfiguration(new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog,
+                  INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void verifyPermissionIfAnyApproved() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mEnMgr.updateConfiguration(new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog,
+                  INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_NO_ERROR);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+        mEnMgr.stopProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertFalse(mEnMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted());
+
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRunTetherProvisioning() {
+        setupForRequiredProvisioning();
+        mEnMgr.updateConfiguration(new TetheringConfiguration(mMockContext, mLog,
+                INVALID_SUBSCRIPTION_ID));
+        // 1. start ui provisioning, upstream is mobile
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_USB, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount == 1);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount == 0);
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        // 2. start no-ui provisioning
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_WIFI, false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount == 1);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount == 1);
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        // 3. tear down mobile, then start ui provisioning
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.startProvisioningIfNeeded(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount == 1);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount == 1);
+        // 4. switch upstream back to mobile
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount == 2);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount == 1);
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        // 5. tear down mobile, then switch SIM
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(false);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        mEnMgr.reevaluateSimCardProvisioning();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount == 2);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount == 1);
+        // 6. switch upstream back to mobile again
+        mEnMgr.notifyUpstream(true);
+        mLooper.dispatchAll();
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.uiProvisionCount == 2);
+        assertTrue(mEnMgr.silentProvisionCount == 4);
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_USB, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_WIFI, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+        mEnMgr.addDownstreamMapping(TETHERING_BLUETOOTH, TETHER_ERROR_PROVISION_FAILED);
+    }
+
     public class TestStateMachine extends StateMachine {
         public final ArrayList<Message> messages = new ArrayList<>();
-        private final State mLoggingState =
-                new EntitlementManagerTest.TestStateMachine.LoggingState();
+        private final State
+                mLoggingState = new EntitlementManagerTest.TestStateMachine.LoggingState();
 
         class LoggingState extends State {
             @Override public void enter() {
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
index 5a1f853..0d276cb 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/tethering/UpstreamNetworkMonitorTest.java
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
     private static final NetworkRequest mDefaultRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder().build();
 
     @Mock private Context mContext;
+    @Mock private EntitlementManager mEntitleMgr;
     @Mock private IConnectivityManager mCS;
     @Mock private SharedLog mLog;
 
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@
         reset(mCS);
         reset(mLog);
         when(mLog.forSubComponent(anyString())).thenReturn(mLog);
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
 
         mCM = spy(new TestConnectivityManager(mContext, mCS));
         mSM = new TestStateMachine();
@@ -138,7 +140,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testDefaultNetworkIsTracked() throws Exception {
         assertTrue(mCM.hasNoCallbacks());
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
 
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
         assertEquals(1, mCM.trackingDefault.size());
@@ -151,7 +153,7 @@
     public void testListensForAllNetworks() throws Exception {
         assertTrue(mCM.listening.isEmpty());
 
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
         assertFalse(mCM.listening.isEmpty());
         assertTrue(mCM.isListeningForAll());
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testCallbacksRegistered() {
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
         verify(mCM, times(1)).requestNetwork(
                 eq(mDefaultRequest), any(NetworkCallback.class), any(Handler.class));
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
@@ -285,7 +287,7 @@
         final Collection<Integer> preferredTypes = new ArrayList<>();
         preferredTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
 
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
         // There are no networks, so there is nothing to select.
         assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
@@ -319,6 +321,14 @@
         NetworkRequest netReq = (NetworkRequest) mCM.requested.values().toArray()[0];
         assertTrue(netReq.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
         assertFalse(netReq.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN));
+        // mobile is not permitted, we should not use HIPRI.
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.requested.size());
+        // mobile change back to permitted, HIRPI should come back
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
 
         wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
         // WiFi is up, and we should prefer it over cell.
@@ -347,11 +357,19 @@
         netReq = (NetworkRequest) mCM.requested.values().toArray()[0];
         assertTrue(netReq.networkCapabilities.hasTransport(TRANSPORT_CELLULAR));
         assertTrue(netReq.networkCapabilities.hasCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN));
+        // mobile is not permitted, we should not use DUN.
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_NONE, mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        assertEquals(0, mCM.requested.size());
+        // mobile change back to permitted, DUN should come back
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_DUN,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testGetCurrentPreferredUpstream() throws Exception {
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
         mUNM.updateMobileRequiresDun(false);
 
@@ -361,37 +379,46 @@
         mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
         assertEquals(cellAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
 
-        // [1] WiFi connects but not validated/promoted to default -> mobile selected.
+        // [1] Mobile connects but not permitted -> null selected
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertEquals(null, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream());
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        // [2] WiFi connects but not validated/promoted to default -> mobile selected.
         final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
         wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
         assertEquals(cellAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
 
-        // [2] WiFi validates and is promoted to the default network -> WiFi selected.
+        // [3] WiFi validates and is promoted to the default network -> WiFi selected.
         mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(wifiAgent);
         assertEquals(wifiAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
 
-        // [3] DUN required, no other changes -> WiFi still selected
+        // [4] DUN required, no other changes -> WiFi still selected
         mUNM.updateMobileRequiresDun(true);
         assertEquals(wifiAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
 
-        // [4] WiFi no longer validated, mobile becomes default, DUN required -> null selected.
+        // [5] WiFi no longer validated, mobile becomes default, DUN required -> null selected.
         mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(cellAgent);
         assertEquals(null, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream());
         // TODO: make sure that a DUN request has been filed. This is currently
         // triggered by code over in Tethering, but once that has been moved
         // into UNM we should test for this here.
 
-        // [5] DUN network arrives -> DUN selected
+        // [6] DUN network arrives -> DUN selected
         final TestNetworkAgent dunAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
         dunAgent.networkCapabilities.addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_DUN);
         dunAgent.networkCapabilities.removeCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET);
         dunAgent.fakeConnect();
         assertEquals(dunAgent.networkId, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream().network);
+
+        // [7] Mobile is not permitted -> null selected
+        when(mEntitleMgr.isCellularUpstreamPermitted()).thenReturn(false);
+        assertEquals(null, mUNM.getCurrentPreferredUpstream());
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testLocalPrefixes() throws Exception {
-        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
         mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
 
         // [0] Test minimum set of local prefixes.
@@ -492,6 +519,26 @@
         assertTrue(local.isEmpty());
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testSelectMobileWhenMobileIsNotDefault() {
+        final Collection<Integer> preferredTypes = new ArrayList<>();
+        // Mobile has higher pirority than wifi.
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI);
+        preferredTypes.add(TYPE_WIFI);
+        mUNM.startTrackDefaultNetwork(mDefaultRequest, mEntitleMgr);
+        mUNM.startObserveAllNetworks();
+        // Setup wifi and make wifi as default network.
+        final TestNetworkAgent wifiAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        wifiAgent.fakeConnect();
+        mCM.makeDefaultNetwork(wifiAgent);
+        // Setup mobile network.
+        final TestNetworkAgent cellAgent = new TestNetworkAgent(mCM, TRANSPORT_CELLULAR);
+        cellAgent.fakeConnect();
+
+        assertSatisfiesLegacyType(TYPE_MOBILE_HIPRI,
+                mUNM.selectPreferredUpstreamType(preferredTypes));
+        verify(mEntitleMgr, times(1)).maybeRunProvisioning();
+    }
     private void assertSatisfiesLegacyType(int legacyType, NetworkState ns) {
         if (legacyType == TYPE_NONE) {
             assertTrue(ns == null);