core/java/android/net/CaptivePortalTracker.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.net;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.database.ContentObserver;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.IConnectivityManager;
import android.net.wifi.WifiInfo;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.telephony.CellIdentityCdma;
import android.telephony.CellIdentityGsm;
import android.telephony.CellIdentityLte;
import android.telephony.CellIdentityWcdma;
import android.telephony.CellInfo;
import android.telephony.CellInfoCdma;
import android.telephony.CellInfoGsm;
import android.telephony.CellInfoLte;
import android.telephony.CellInfoWcdma;
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager;
import android.text.TextUtils;

import com.android.internal.util.State;
import com.android.internal.util.StateMachine;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.util.List;

import com.android.internal.R;

/**
 * This class allows captive portal detection on a network.
 * @hide
 */
public class CaptivePortalTracker extends StateMachine {
    private static final boolean DBG = true;
    private static final String TAG = "CaptivePortalTracker";

    private static final String DEFAULT_SERVER = "clients3.google.com";
    private static final String NOTIFICATION_ID = "CaptivePortal.Notification";

    private static final int SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS = 10000;

    public static final String ACTION_NETWORK_CONDITIONS_MEASURED =
            "android.net.conn.NETWORK_CONDITIONS_MEASURED";
    public static final String EXTRA_CONNECTIVITY_TYPE = "extra_connectivity_type";
    public static final String EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE = "extra_network_type";
    public static final String EXTRA_RESPONSE_RECEIVED = "extra_response_received";
    public static final String EXTRA_IS_CAPTIVE_PORTAL = "extra_is_captive_portal";
    public static final String EXTRA_CELL_ID = "extra_cellid";
    public static final String EXTRA_SSID = "extra_ssid";
    public static final String EXTRA_BSSID = "extra_bssid";
    /** real time since boot */
    public static final String EXTRA_REQUEST_TIMESTAMP_MS = "extra_request_timestamp_ms";
    public static final String EXTRA_RESPONSE_TIMESTAMP_MS = "extra_response_timestamp_ms";

    private static final String PERMISSION_ACCESS_NETWORK_CONDITIONS =
            "android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_CONDITIONS";

    private String mServer;
    private String mUrl;
    private boolean mNotificationShown = false;
    private boolean mIsCaptivePortalCheckEnabled = false;
    private IConnectivityManager mConnService;
    private TelephonyManager mTelephonyManager;
    private WifiManager mWifiManager;
    private Context mContext;
    private NetworkInfo mNetworkInfo;

    private static final int CMD_DETECT_PORTAL          = 0;
    private static final int CMD_CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE    = 1;
    private static final int CMD_DELAYED_CAPTIVE_CHECK  = 2;

    /* This delay happens every time before we do a captive check on a network */
    private static final int DELAYED_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS = 10000;
    private int mDelayedCheckToken = 0;

    private State mDefaultState = new DefaultState();
    private State mNoActiveNetworkState = new NoActiveNetworkState();
    private State mActiveNetworkState = new ActiveNetworkState();
    private State mDelayedCaptiveCheckState = new DelayedCaptiveCheckState();

    private static final String SETUP_WIZARD_PACKAGE = "com.google.android.setupwizard";
    private boolean mDeviceProvisioned = false;
    private ProvisioningObserver mProvisioningObserver;

    private CaptivePortalTracker(Context context, IConnectivityManager cs) {
        super(TAG);

        mContext = context;
        mConnService = cs;
        mTelephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        mWifiManager = (WifiManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        mProvisioningObserver = new ProvisioningObserver();

        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION);
        filter.addAction(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_IMMEDIATE);
        mContext.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);

        mServer = Settings.Global.getString(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Global.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_SERVER);
        if (mServer == null) mServer = DEFAULT_SERVER;

        mIsCaptivePortalCheckEnabled = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Global.CAPTIVE_PORTAL_DETECTION_ENABLED, 1) == 1;

        addState(mDefaultState);
            addState(mNoActiveNetworkState, mDefaultState);
            addState(mActiveNetworkState, mDefaultState);
                addState(mDelayedCaptiveCheckState, mActiveNetworkState);
        setInitialState(mNoActiveNetworkState);
    }

    private class ProvisioningObserver extends ContentObserver {
        ProvisioningObserver() {
            super(new Handler());
            mContext.getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(Settings.Global.getUriFor(
                    Settings.Global.DEVICE_PROVISIONED), false, this);
            onChange(false); // load initial value
        }

        @Override
        public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
            mDeviceProvisioned = Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.Global.DEVICE_PROVISIONED, 0) != 0;
        }
    }

    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();
            // Normally, we respond to CONNECTIVITY_ACTION, allowing time for the change in
            // connectivity to stabilize, but if the device is not yet provisioned, respond
            // immediately to speed up transit through the setup wizard.
            if ((mDeviceProvisioned && action.equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION))
                    || (!mDeviceProvisioned
                            && action.equals(ConnectivityManager.CONNECTIVITY_ACTION_IMMEDIATE))) {
                NetworkInfo info = intent.getParcelableExtra(
                        ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_NETWORK_INFO);
                sendMessage(obtainMessage(CMD_CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE, info));
            }
        }
    };

    public static CaptivePortalTracker makeCaptivePortalTracker(Context context,
            IConnectivityManager cs) {
        CaptivePortalTracker captivePortal = new CaptivePortalTracker(context, cs);
        captivePortal.start();
        return captivePortal;
    }

    public void detectCaptivePortal(NetworkInfo info) {
        sendMessage(obtainMessage(CMD_DETECT_PORTAL, info));
    }

    private class DefaultState extends State {
        @Override
        public void enter() {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + "\n");
        }

        @Override
        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + message.toString() + "\n");
            switch (message.what) {
                case CMD_DETECT_PORTAL:
                    NetworkInfo info = (NetworkInfo) message.obj;
                    // Checking on a secondary connection is not supported
                    // yet
                    notifyPortalCheckComplete(info);
                    break;
                case CMD_CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE:
                case CMD_DELAYED_CAPTIVE_CHECK:
                    break;
                default:
                    loge("Ignoring " + message);
                    break;
            }
            return HANDLED;
        }
    }

    private class NoActiveNetworkState extends State {
        @Override
        public void enter() {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + "\n");
            mNetworkInfo = null;
            /* Clear any previous notification */
            setNotificationVisible(false);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + message.toString() + "\n");
            InetAddress server;
            NetworkInfo info;
            switch (message.what) {
                case CMD_CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE:
                    info = (NetworkInfo) message.obj;
                    if (info.isConnected() && isActiveNetwork(info)) {
                        mNetworkInfo = info;
                        transitionTo(mDelayedCaptiveCheckState);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    return NOT_HANDLED;
            }
            return HANDLED;
        }
    }

    private class ActiveNetworkState extends State {
        @Override
        public void enter() {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + "\n");
        }

        @Override
        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
            NetworkInfo info;
            switch (message.what) {
               case CMD_CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE:
                    info = (NetworkInfo) message.obj;
                    if (!info.isConnected()
                            && info.getType() == mNetworkInfo.getType()) {
                        if (DBG) log("Disconnected from active network " + info);
                        transitionTo(mNoActiveNetworkState);
                    } else if (info.getType() != mNetworkInfo.getType() &&
                            info.isConnected() &&
                            isActiveNetwork(info)) {
                        if (DBG) log("Active network switched " + info);
                        deferMessage(message);
                        transitionTo(mNoActiveNetworkState);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    return NOT_HANDLED;
            }
            return HANDLED;
        }
    }



    private class DelayedCaptiveCheckState extends State {
        @Override
        public void enter() {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + "\n");
            Message message = obtainMessage(CMD_DELAYED_CAPTIVE_CHECK, ++mDelayedCheckToken, 0);
            if (mDeviceProvisioned) {
                sendMessageDelayed(message, DELAYED_CHECK_INTERVAL_MS);
            } else {
                sendMessage(message);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public boolean processMessage(Message message) {
            if (DBG) log(getName() + message.toString() + "\n");
            switch (message.what) {
                case CMD_DELAYED_CAPTIVE_CHECK:
                    if (message.arg1 == mDelayedCheckToken) {
                        InetAddress server = lookupHost(mServer);
                        boolean captive = server != null && isCaptivePortal(server);
                        if (captive) {
                            if (DBG) log("Captive network " + mNetworkInfo);
                        } else {
                            if (DBG) log("Not captive network " + mNetworkInfo);
                        }
                        if (mDeviceProvisioned) {
                            if (captive) {
                                // Setup Wizard will assist the user in connecting to a captive
                                // portal, so make the notification visible unless during setup
                                setNotificationVisible(true);
                            }
                        } else {
                            Intent intent = new Intent(
                                    ConnectivityManager.ACTION_CAPTIVE_PORTAL_TEST_COMPLETED);
                            intent.putExtra(ConnectivityManager.EXTRA_IS_CAPTIVE_PORTAL, captive);
                            intent.setPackage(SETUP_WIZARD_PACKAGE);
                            mContext.sendBroadcast(intent);
                        }

                        transitionTo(mActiveNetworkState);
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    return NOT_HANDLED;
            }
            return HANDLED;
        }
    }

    private void notifyPortalCheckComplete(NetworkInfo info) {
        if (info == null) {
            loge("notifyPortalCheckComplete on null");
            return;
        }
        try {
            mConnService.captivePortalCheckComplete(info);
        } catch(RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private boolean isActiveNetwork(NetworkInfo info) {
        try {
            NetworkInfo active = mConnService.getActiveNetworkInfo();
            if (active != null && active.getType() == info.getType()) {
                return true;
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Do a URL fetch on a known server to see if we get the data we expect.
     * Measure the response time and broadcast that.
     */
    private boolean isCaptivePortal(InetAddress server) {
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
        if (!mIsCaptivePortalCheckEnabled) return false;

        mUrl = "http://" + server.getHostAddress() + "/generate_204";
        if (DBG) log("Checking " + mUrl);
        long requestTimestamp = -1;
        try {
            URL url = new URL(mUrl);
            urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            urlConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
            urlConnection.setConnectTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
            urlConnection.setReadTimeout(SOCKET_TIMEOUT_MS);
            urlConnection.setUseCaches(false);

            // Time how long it takes to get a response to our request
            requestTimestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();

            urlConnection.getInputStream();

            // Time how long it takes to get a response to our request
            long responseTimestamp = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();

            // we got a valid response, but not from the real google
            boolean isCaptivePortal = urlConnection.getResponseCode() != 204;

            sendNetworkConditionsBroadcast(true /* response received */, isCaptivePortal,
                    requestTimestamp, responseTimestamp);
            return isCaptivePortal;
        } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
            if (DBG) log("Probably a portal: exception " + e);
            if (requestTimestamp != -1) {
                sendFailedCaptivePortalCheckBroadcast(requestTimestamp);
            } // else something went wrong with setting up the urlConnection
            return true;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if (DBG) log("Probably not a portal: exception " + e);
            if (requestTimestamp != -1) {
                sendFailedCaptivePortalCheckBroadcast(requestTimestamp);
            } // else something went wrong with setting up the urlConnection
            return false;
        } finally {
            if (urlConnection != null) {
                urlConnection.disconnect();
            }
        }
    }

    private InetAddress lookupHost(String hostname) {
        InetAddress inetAddress[];
        try {
            inetAddress = InetAddress.getAllByName(hostname);
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            sendFailedCaptivePortalCheckBroadcast(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
            return null;
        }

        for (InetAddress a : inetAddress) {
            if (a instanceof Inet4Address) return a;
        }

        sendFailedCaptivePortalCheckBroadcast(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime());
        return null;
    }

    private void setNotificationVisible(boolean visible) {
        // if it should be hidden and it is already hidden, then noop
        if (!visible && !mNotificationShown) {
            if (DBG) log("setNotivicationVisible: false and not shown, so noop");
            return;
        }

        Resources r = Resources.getSystem();
        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) mContext
            .getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

        if (visible) {
            CharSequence title;
            CharSequence details;
            int icon;
            String url = null;
            switch (mNetworkInfo.getType()) {
                case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:
                    title = r.getString(R.string.wifi_available_sign_in, 0);
                    details = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed,
                            mNetworkInfo.getExtraInfo());
                    icon = R.drawable.stat_notify_wifi_in_range;
                    url = mUrl;
                    break;
                case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE:
                    title = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
                    // TODO: Change this to pull from NetworkInfo once a printable
                    // name has been added to it
                    details = mTelephonyManager.getNetworkOperatorName();
                    icon = R.drawable.stat_notify_rssi_in_range;
                    try {
                        url = mConnService.getMobileProvisioningUrl();
                        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
                            url = mConnService.getMobileRedirectedProvisioningUrl();
                        }
                    } catch(RemoteException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(url)) {
                        url = mUrl;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    title = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in, 0);
                    details = r.getString(R.string.network_available_sign_in_detailed,
                            mNetworkInfo.getExtraInfo());
                    icon = R.drawable.stat_notify_rssi_in_range;
                    url = mUrl;
                    break;
            }

            Notification notification = new Notification();
            notification.when = 0;
            notification.icon = icon;
            notification.flags = Notification.FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL;
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse(url));
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT |
                    Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            notification.contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(mContext, 0, intent, 0);
            notification.tickerText = title;
            notification.setLatestEventInfo(mContext, title, details, notification.contentIntent);

            if (DBG) log("setNotivicationVisible: make visible");
            notificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID, 1, notification);
        } else {
            if (DBG) log("setNotivicationVisible: cancel notification");
            notificationManager.cancel(NOTIFICATION_ID, 1);
        }
        mNotificationShown = visible;
    }

    private void sendFailedCaptivePortalCheckBroadcast(long requestTimestampMs) {
        sendNetworkConditionsBroadcast(false /* response received */, false /* ignored */,
                requestTimestampMs, 0 /* ignored */);
    }

    /**
     * @param responseReceived - whether or not we received a valid HTTP response to our request.
     * If false, isCaptivePortal and responseTimestampMs are ignored
     */
    private void sendNetworkConditionsBroadcast(boolean responseReceived, boolean isCaptivePortal,
            long requestTimestampMs, long responseTimestampMs) {
        if (Settings.Global.getInt(mContext.getContentResolver(),
                Settings.Global.WIFI_SCAN_ALWAYS_AVAILABLE, 0) == 0) {
            if (DBG) log("Don't send network conditions - lacking user consent.");
            return;
        }

        Intent latencyBroadcast = new Intent(ACTION_NETWORK_CONDITIONS_MEASURED);
        switch (mNetworkInfo.getType()) {
            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI:
                WifiInfo currentWifiInfo = mWifiManager.getConnectionInfo();
                if (currentWifiInfo != null) {
                    latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_SSID, currentWifiInfo.getSSID());
                    latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_BSSID, currentWifiInfo.getBSSID());
                } else {
                    if (DBG) logw("network info is TYPE_WIFI but no ConnectionInfo found");
                    return;
                }
                break;
            case ConnectivityManager.TYPE_MOBILE:
                latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_NETWORK_TYPE, mTelephonyManager.getNetworkType());
                List<CellInfo> info = mTelephonyManager.getAllCellInfo();
                if (info == null) return;
                StringBuffer uniqueCellId = new StringBuffer();
                int numRegisteredCellInfo = 0;
                for (CellInfo cellInfo : info) {
                    if (cellInfo.isRegistered()) {
                        numRegisteredCellInfo++;
                        if (numRegisteredCellInfo > 1) {
                            if (DBG) log("more than one registered CellInfo.  Can't " +
                                    "tell which is active.  Bailing.");
                            return;
                        }
                        if (cellInfo instanceof CellInfoCdma) {
                            CellIdentityCdma cellId = ((CellInfoCdma) cellInfo).getCellIdentity();
                            latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_CELL_ID, cellId);
                        } else if (cellInfo instanceof CellInfoGsm) {
                            CellIdentityGsm cellId = ((CellInfoGsm) cellInfo).getCellIdentity();
                            latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_CELL_ID, cellId);
                        } else if (cellInfo instanceof CellInfoLte) {
                            CellIdentityLte cellId = ((CellInfoLte) cellInfo).getCellIdentity();
                            latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_CELL_ID, cellId);
                        } else if (cellInfo instanceof CellInfoWcdma) {
                            CellIdentityWcdma cellId = ((CellInfoWcdma) cellInfo).getCellIdentity();
                            latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_CELL_ID, cellId);
                        } else {
                            if (DBG) logw("Registered cellinfo is unrecognized");
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
                break;
            default:
                return;
        }
        latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_CONNECTIVITY_TYPE, mNetworkInfo.getType());
        latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_RESPONSE_RECEIVED, responseReceived);
        latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_REQUEST_TIMESTAMP_MS, requestTimestampMs);

        if (responseReceived) {
            latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_IS_CAPTIVE_PORTAL, isCaptivePortal);
            latencyBroadcast.putExtra(EXTRA_RESPONSE_TIMESTAMP_MS, responseTimestampMs);
        }
        mContext.sendBroadcast(latencyBroadcast, PERMISSION_ACCESS_NETWORK_CONDITIONS);
    }
}