Create lifecycle:livedata-core dependency

Move the core classes of LiveData into a separate
lifecycle:livedata-core dependency that represents
the very minimal API surface needed for LiveData.

The lifecycle:livedata dependency will keep the
non-essential LiveData APIs (such as Transformations
and MediatorLiveData) and have livedata-core as a
transitive dependency.

Test: tests still pass
BUG: 70681466
Change-Id: I1d2974f7f95f27e19bcca8be32d0ddc4283d5d43
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/api/current.txt b/lifecycle/livedata-core/api/current.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c855c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/api/current.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package android.arch.lifecycle {
+
+  public abstract class LiveData<T> {
+    ctor public LiveData();
+    method public T getValue();
+    method public boolean hasActiveObservers();
+    method public boolean hasObservers();
+    method public void observe(android.arch.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner, android.arch.lifecycle.Observer<T>);
+    method public void observeForever(android.arch.lifecycle.Observer<T>);
+    method protected void onActive();
+    method protected void onInactive();
+    method protected void postValue(T);
+    method public void removeObserver(android.arch.lifecycle.Observer<T>);
+    method public void removeObservers(android.arch.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner);
+    method protected void setValue(T);
+  }
+
+  public class MutableLiveData<T> extends android.arch.lifecycle.LiveData {
+    ctor public MutableLiveData();
+    method public void postValue(T);
+    method public void setValue(T);
+  }
+
+  public abstract interface Observer<T> {
+    method public abstract void onChanged(T);
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/build.gradle b/lifecycle/livedata-core/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58765a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import static android.support.dependencies.DependenciesKt.*
+import android.support.LibraryGroups
+import android.support.LibraryVersions
+import android.support.SupportLibraryExtension
+
+plugins {
+    id("SupportAndroidLibraryPlugin")
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation(project(":arch:common"))
+    implementation(project(":arch:runtime"))
+    api(project(":lifecycle:common"))
+
+    testImplementation(project(":lifecycle:runtime"))
+    testImplementation(project(":arch:core-testing"))
+    testImplementation(JUNIT)
+    testImplementation(MOCKITO_CORE)
+}
+
+supportLibrary {
+    name = "Android Lifecycle LiveData Core"
+    publish = true
+    mavenVersion = LibraryVersions.LIFECYCLES_LIVEDATA
+    mavenGroup = LibraryGroups.LIFECYCLE
+    inceptionYear = "2017"
+    description = "Android Lifecycle LiveData Core"
+    url = SupportLibraryExtension.ARCHITECTURE_URL
+}
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d2f964
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<!--
+  ~ Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+  ~
+  ~ Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+  ~ you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+  ~ You may obtain a copy of the License at
+  ~
+  ~      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+  ~
+  ~ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+  ~ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+  ~ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+  ~ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+  ~ limitations under the License.
+  -->
+
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+          package="android.arch.lifecycle.livedata.core">
+</manifest>
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/LiveData.java b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/LiveData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a753a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/LiveData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.arch.lifecycle;
+
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State.DESTROYED;
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.State.STARTED;
+
+import android.arch.core.executor.ArchTaskExecutor;
+import android.arch.core.internal.SafeIterableMap;
+import android.support.annotation.MainThread;
+import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * LiveData is a data holder class that can be observed within a given lifecycle.
+ * This means that an {@link Observer} can be added in a pair with a {@link LifecycleOwner}, and
+ * this observer will be notified about modifications of the wrapped data only if the paired
+ * LifecycleOwner is in active state. LifecycleOwner is considered as active, if its state is
+ * {@link Lifecycle.State#STARTED} or {@link Lifecycle.State#RESUMED}. An observer added via
+ * {@link #observeForever(Observer)} is considered as always active and thus will be always notified
+ * about modifications. For those observers, you should manually call
+ * {@link #removeObserver(Observer)}.
+ *
+ * <p> An observer added with a Lifecycle will be automatically removed if the corresponding
+ * Lifecycle moves to {@link Lifecycle.State#DESTROYED} state. This is especially useful for
+ * activities and fragments where they can safely observe LiveData and not worry about leaks:
+ * they will be instantly unsubscribed when they are destroyed.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * In addition, LiveData has {@link LiveData#onActive()} and {@link LiveData#onInactive()} methods
+ * to get notified when number of active {@link Observer}s change between 0 and 1.
+ * This allows LiveData to release any heavy resources when it does not have any Observers that
+ * are actively observing.
+ * <p>
+ * This class is designed to hold individual data fields of {@link ViewModel},
+ * but can also be used for sharing data between different modules in your application
+ * in a decoupled fashion.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type of data held by this instance
+ * @see ViewModel
+ */
+public abstract class LiveData<T> {
+    private final Object mDataLock = new Object();
+    static final int START_VERSION = -1;
+    private static final Object NOT_SET = new Object();
+
+    private SafeIterableMap<Observer<T>, ObserverWrapper> mObservers =
+            new SafeIterableMap<>();
+
+    // how many observers are in active state
+    private int mActiveCount = 0;
+    private volatile Object mData = NOT_SET;
+    // when setData is called, we set the pending data and actual data swap happens on the main
+    // thread
+    private volatile Object mPendingData = NOT_SET;
+    private int mVersion = START_VERSION;
+
+    private boolean mDispatchingValue;
+    @SuppressWarnings("FieldCanBeLocal")
+    private boolean mDispatchInvalidated;
+    private final Runnable mPostValueRunnable = new Runnable() {
+        @Override
+        public void run() {
+            Object newValue;
+            synchronized (mDataLock) {
+                newValue = mPendingData;
+                mPendingData = NOT_SET;
+            }
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            setValue((T) newValue);
+        }
+    };
+
+    private void considerNotify(ObserverWrapper observer) {
+        if (!observer.mActive) {
+            return;
+        }
+        // Check latest state b4 dispatch. Maybe it changed state but we didn't get the event yet.
+        //
+        // we still first check observer.active to keep it as the entrance for events. So even if
+        // the observer moved to an active state, if we've not received that event, we better not
+        // notify for a more predictable notification order.
+        if (!observer.shouldBeActive()) {
+            observer.activeStateChanged(false);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (observer.mLastVersion >= mVersion) {
+            return;
+        }
+        observer.mLastVersion = mVersion;
+        //noinspection unchecked
+        observer.mObserver.onChanged((T) mData);
+    }
+
+    private void dispatchingValue(@Nullable ObserverWrapper initiator) {
+        if (mDispatchingValue) {
+            mDispatchInvalidated = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        mDispatchingValue = true;
+        do {
+            mDispatchInvalidated = false;
+            if (initiator != null) {
+                considerNotify(initiator);
+                initiator = null;
+            } else {
+                for (Iterator<Map.Entry<Observer<T>, ObserverWrapper>> iterator =
+                        mObservers.iteratorWithAdditions(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
+                    considerNotify(iterator.next().getValue());
+                    if (mDispatchInvalidated) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } while (mDispatchInvalidated);
+        mDispatchingValue = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given observer to the observers list within the lifespan of the given
+     * owner. The events are dispatched on the main thread. If LiveData already has data
+     * set, it will be delivered to the observer.
+     * <p>
+     * The observer will only receive events if the owner is in {@link Lifecycle.State#STARTED}
+     * or {@link Lifecycle.State#RESUMED} state (active).
+     * <p>
+     * If the owner moves to the {@link Lifecycle.State#DESTROYED} state, the observer will
+     * automatically be removed.
+     * <p>
+     * When data changes while the {@code owner} is not active, it will not receive any updates.
+     * If it becomes active again, it will receive the last available data automatically.
+     * <p>
+     * LiveData keeps a strong reference to the observer and the owner as long as the
+     * given LifecycleOwner is not destroyed. When it is destroyed, LiveData removes references to
+     * the observer &amp; the owner.
+     * <p>
+     * If the given owner is already in {@link Lifecycle.State#DESTROYED} state, LiveData
+     * ignores the call.
+     * <p>
+     * If the given owner, observer tuple is already in the list, the call is ignored.
+     * If the observer is already in the list with another owner, LiveData throws an
+     * {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+     *
+     * @param owner    The LifecycleOwner which controls the observer
+     * @param observer The observer that will receive the events
+     */
+    @MainThread
+    public void observe(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner, @NonNull Observer<T> observer) {
+        if (owner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState() == DESTROYED) {
+            // ignore
+            return;
+        }
+        LifecycleBoundObserver wrapper = new LifecycleBoundObserver(owner, observer);
+        ObserverWrapper existing = mObservers.putIfAbsent(observer, wrapper);
+        if (existing != null && !existing.isAttachedTo(owner)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add the same observer"
+                    + " with different lifecycles");
+        }
+        if (existing != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        owner.getLifecycle().addObserver(wrapper);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds the given observer to the observers list. This call is similar to
+     * {@link LiveData#observe(LifecycleOwner, Observer)} with a LifecycleOwner, which
+     * is always active. This means that the given observer will receive all events and will never
+     * be automatically removed. You should manually call {@link #removeObserver(Observer)} to stop
+     * observing this LiveData.
+     * While LiveData has one of such observers, it will be considered
+     * as active.
+     * <p>
+     * If the observer was already added with an owner to this LiveData, LiveData throws an
+     * {@link IllegalArgumentException}.
+     *
+     * @param observer The observer that will receive the events
+     */
+    @MainThread
+    public void observeForever(@NonNull Observer<T> observer) {
+        AlwaysActiveObserver wrapper = new AlwaysActiveObserver(observer);
+        ObserverWrapper existing = mObservers.putIfAbsent(observer, wrapper);
+        if (existing != null && existing instanceof LiveData.LifecycleBoundObserver) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot add the same observer"
+                    + " with different lifecycles");
+        }
+        if (existing != null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        wrapper.activeStateChanged(true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the given observer from the observers list.
+     *
+     * @param observer The Observer to receive events.
+     */
+    @MainThread
+    public void removeObserver(@NonNull final Observer<T> observer) {
+        assertMainThread("removeObserver");
+        ObserverWrapper removed = mObservers.remove(observer);
+        if (removed == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        removed.detachObserver();
+        removed.activeStateChanged(false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes all observers that are tied to the given {@link LifecycleOwner}.
+     *
+     * @param owner The {@code LifecycleOwner} scope for the observers to be removed.
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
+    @MainThread
+    public void removeObservers(@NonNull final LifecycleOwner owner) {
+        assertMainThread("removeObservers");
+        for (Map.Entry<Observer<T>, ObserverWrapper> entry : mObservers) {
+            if (entry.getValue().isAttachedTo(owner)) {
+                removeObserver(entry.getKey());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Posts a task to a main thread to set the given value. So if you have a following code
+     * executed in the main thread:
+     * <pre class="prettyprint">
+     * liveData.postValue("a");
+     * liveData.setValue("b");
+     * </pre>
+     * The value "b" would be set at first and later the main thread would override it with
+     * the value "a".
+     * <p>
+     * If you called this method multiple times before a main thread executed a posted task, only
+     * the last value would be dispatched.
+     *
+     * @param value The new value
+     */
+    protected void postValue(T value) {
+        boolean postTask;
+        synchronized (mDataLock) {
+            postTask = mPendingData == NOT_SET;
+            mPendingData = value;
+        }
+        if (!postTask) {
+            return;
+        }
+        ArchTaskExecutor.getInstance().postToMainThread(mPostValueRunnable);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value. If there are active observers, the value will be dispatched to them.
+     * <p>
+     * This method must be called from the main thread. If you need set a value from a background
+     * thread, you can use {@link #postValue(Object)}
+     *
+     * @param value The new value
+     */
+    @MainThread
+    protected void setValue(T value) {
+        assertMainThread("setValue");
+        mVersion++;
+        mData = value;
+        dispatchingValue(null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current value.
+     * Note that calling this method on a background thread does not guarantee that the latest
+     * value set will be received.
+     *
+     * @return the current value
+     */
+    @Nullable
+    public T getValue() {
+        Object data = mData;
+        if (data != NOT_SET) {
+            //noinspection unchecked
+            return (T) data;
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    int getVersion() {
+        return mVersion;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the number of active observers change to 1 from 0.
+     * <p>
+     * This callback can be used to know that this LiveData is being used thus should be kept
+     * up to date.
+     */
+    protected void onActive() {
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Called when the number of active observers change from 1 to 0.
+     * <p>
+     * This does not mean that there are no observers left, there may still be observers but their
+     * lifecycle states aren't {@link Lifecycle.State#STARTED} or {@link Lifecycle.State#RESUMED}
+     * (like an Activity in the back stack).
+     * <p>
+     * You can check if there are observers via {@link #hasObservers()}.
+     */
+    protected void onInactive() {
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this LiveData has observers.
+     *
+     * @return true if this LiveData has observers
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
+    public boolean hasObservers() {
+        return mObservers.size() > 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this LiveData has active observers.
+     *
+     * @return true if this LiveData has active observers
+     */
+    @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
+    public boolean hasActiveObservers() {
+        return mActiveCount > 0;
+    }
+
+    class LifecycleBoundObserver extends ObserverWrapper implements GenericLifecycleObserver {
+        @NonNull final LifecycleOwner mOwner;
+
+        LifecycleBoundObserver(@NonNull LifecycleOwner owner, Observer<T> observer) {
+            super(observer);
+            mOwner = owner;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        boolean shouldBeActive() {
+            return mOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState().isAtLeast(STARTED);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public void onStateChanged(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event) {
+            if (mOwner.getLifecycle().getCurrentState() == DESTROYED) {
+                removeObserver(mObserver);
+                return;
+            }
+            activeStateChanged(shouldBeActive());
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        boolean isAttachedTo(LifecycleOwner owner) {
+            return mOwner == owner;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        void detachObserver() {
+            mOwner.getLifecycle().removeObserver(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private abstract class ObserverWrapper {
+        final Observer<T> mObserver;
+        boolean mActive;
+        int mLastVersion = START_VERSION;
+
+        ObserverWrapper(Observer<T> observer) {
+            mObserver = observer;
+        }
+
+        abstract boolean shouldBeActive();
+
+        boolean isAttachedTo(LifecycleOwner owner) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        void detachObserver() {
+        }
+
+        void activeStateChanged(boolean newActive) {
+            if (newActive == mActive) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // immediately set active state, so we'd never dispatch anything to inactive
+            // owner
+            mActive = newActive;
+            boolean wasInactive = LiveData.this.mActiveCount == 0;
+            LiveData.this.mActiveCount += mActive ? 1 : -1;
+            if (wasInactive && mActive) {
+                onActive();
+            }
+            if (LiveData.this.mActiveCount == 0 && !mActive) {
+                onInactive();
+            }
+            if (mActive) {
+                dispatchingValue(this);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class AlwaysActiveObserver extends ObserverWrapper {
+
+        AlwaysActiveObserver(Observer<T> observer) {
+            super(observer);
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        boolean shouldBeActive() {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertMainThread(String methodName) {
+        if (!ArchTaskExecutor.getInstance().isMainThread()) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot invoke " + methodName + " on a background"
+                    + " thread");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/MutableLiveData.java b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/MutableLiveData.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecd7752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/MutableLiveData.java
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.arch.lifecycle;
+
+/**
+ * {@link LiveData} which publicly exposes {@link #setValue(T)} and {@link #postValue(T)} method.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type of data hold by this instance
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
+public class MutableLiveData<T> extends LiveData<T> {
+    @Override
+    public void postValue(T value) {
+        super.postValue(value);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setValue(T value) {
+        super.setValue(value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/Observer.java b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/Observer.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e36775
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/main/java/android/arch/lifecycle/Observer.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.arch.lifecycle;
+
+import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * A simple callback that can receive from {@link LiveData}.
+ *
+ * @param <T> The type of the parameter
+ *
+ * @see LiveData LiveData - for a usage description.
+ */
+public interface Observer<T> {
+    /**
+     * Called when the data is changed.
+     * @param t  The new data
+     */
+    void onChanged(@Nullable T t);
+}
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/test/java/android/arch/lifecycle/LiveDataTest.java b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/test/java/android/arch/lifecycle/LiveDataTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..046059b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/test/java/android/arch/lifecycle/LiveDataTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,842 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.arch.lifecycle;
+
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE;
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY;
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE;
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME;
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_START;
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.Matchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.only;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.reset;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.arch.core.executor.ArchTaskExecutor;
+import android.arch.core.executor.testing.InstantTaskExecutorRule;
+import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked"})
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class LiveDataTest {
+
+    @Rule
+    public InstantTaskExecutorRule mInstantTaskExecutorRule = new InstantTaskExecutorRule();
+
+    private PublicLiveData<String> mLiveData;
+    private MethodExec mActiveObserversChanged;
+
+    private LifecycleOwner mOwner;
+    private LifecycleRegistry mRegistry;
+
+    private LifecycleOwner mOwner2;
+    private LifecycleRegistry mRegistry2;
+
+    private LifecycleOwner mOwner3;
+    private Lifecycle mLifecycle3;
+    private Observer<String> mObserver3;
+
+    private LifecycleOwner mOwner4;
+    private Lifecycle mLifecycle4;
+    private Observer<String> mObserver4;
+
+    private boolean mInObserver;
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() {
+        mLiveData = new PublicLiveData<>();
+
+        mActiveObserversChanged = mock(MethodExec.class);
+        mLiveData.activeObserversChanged = mActiveObserversChanged;
+
+        mOwner = mock(LifecycleOwner.class);
+        mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(mOwner);
+        when(mOwner.getLifecycle()).thenReturn(mRegistry);
+
+        mOwner2 = mock(LifecycleOwner.class);
+        mRegistry2 = new LifecycleRegistry(mOwner2);
+        when(mOwner2.getLifecycle()).thenReturn(mRegistry2);
+
+        mInObserver = false;
+    }
+
+    @Before
+    public void initNonLifecycleRegistry() {
+        mOwner3 = mock(LifecycleOwner.class);
+        mLifecycle3 = mock(Lifecycle.class);
+        mObserver3 = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        when(mOwner3.getLifecycle()).thenReturn(mLifecycle3);
+
+        mOwner4 = mock(LifecycleOwner.class);
+        mLifecycle4 = mock(Lifecycle.class);
+        mObserver4 = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        when(mOwner4.getLifecycle()).thenReturn(mLifecycle4);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void removeExecutorDelegate() {
+        ArchTaskExecutor.getInstance().setDelegate(null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObserverToggle() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+
+        mLiveData.removeObserver(observer);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testActiveObserverToggle() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        mLiveData.removeObserver(observer);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+
+        verifyNoMoreInteractions(mActiveObserversChanged);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testReAddSameObserverTuple() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAdd2ObserversWithSameOwnerAndRemove() {
+        Observer<String> o1 = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> o2 = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, o1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, o2);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        mLiveData.setValue("a");
+        verify(o1).onChanged("a");
+        verify(o2).onChanged("a");
+
+        mLiveData.removeObservers(mOwner);
+
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+        assertThat(mRegistry.getObserverCount(), is(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testAddSameObserverIn2LifecycleOwners() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        Throwable throwable = null;
+        try {
+            mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            throwable = t;
+        }
+        assertThat(throwable, instanceOf(IllegalArgumentException.class));
+        //noinspection ConstantConditions
+        assertThat(throwable.getMessage(),
+                is("Cannot add the same observer with different lifecycles"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveDestroyedObserver() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_DESTROY);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testInactiveRegistry() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_DESTROY);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotifyActiveInactive() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_CREATE);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        mLiveData.setValue("a");
+        verify(observer, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(observer).onChanged("a");
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("b");
+        verify(observer).onChanged("b");
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP);
+        mLiveData.setValue("c");
+        verify(observer, never()).onChanged("c");
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(observer).onChanged("c");
+
+        reset(observer);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(observer, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopObservingOwner_onDestroy() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_CREATE);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        assertThat(mRegistry.getObserverCount(), is(1));
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_DESTROY);
+        assertThat(mRegistry.getObserverCount(), is(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testStopObservingOwner_onStopObserving() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_CREATE);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        assertThat(mRegistry.getObserverCount(), is(1));
+
+        mLiveData.removeObserver(observer);
+        assertThat(mRegistry.getObserverCount(), is(0));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testActiveChangeInCallback() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        Observer<String> observer1 = spy(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP);
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+            }
+        });
+        final Observer observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer2);
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        verify(observer1).onChanged(anyString());
+        verify(observer2, Mockito.never()).onChanged(anyString());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testActiveChangeInCallback2() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = spy(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                assertThat(mInObserver, is(false));
+                mInObserver = true;
+                mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+                mInObserver = false;
+            }
+        });
+        final Observer observer2 = spy(new FailReentranceObserver());
+        mLiveData.observeForever(observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer2);
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        verify(observer1).onChanged(anyString());
+        verify(observer2).onChanged(anyString());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObserverRemovalInCallback() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        Observer<String> observer = spy(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+                mLiveData.removeObserver(this);
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+            }
+        });
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        verify(observer).onChanged(anyString());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObserverAdditionInCallback() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        final Observer observer2 = spy(new FailReentranceObserver());
+        Observer<String> observer1 = spy(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                assertThat(mInObserver, is(false));
+                mInObserver = true;
+                mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer2);
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+                assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+                mInObserver = false;
+            }
+        });
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        verify(observer1).onChanged(anyString());
+        verify(observer2).onChanged(anyString());
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(true));
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(true));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testObserverWithoutLifecycleOwner() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.setValue("boring");
+        mLiveData.observeForever(observer);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        verify(observer).onChanged("boring");
+        mLiveData.setValue("tihs");
+        verify(observer).onChanged("tihs");
+        mLiveData.removeObserver(observer);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        mLiveData.setValue("boring");
+        reset(observer);
+        verify(observer, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testSetValueDuringSetValue() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        final Observer observer1 = spy(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(String o) {
+                assertThat(mInObserver, is(false));
+                mInObserver = true;
+                if (o.equals(("bla"))) {
+                    mLiveData.setValue("gt");
+                }
+                mInObserver = false;
+            }
+        });
+        final Observer observer2 = spy(new FailReentranceObserver());
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer2);
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        verify(observer1, Mockito.atMost(2)).onChanged("gt");
+        verify(observer2, Mockito.atMost(2)).onChanged("gt");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveDuringSetValue() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        final Observer observer1 = spy(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(String o) {
+                mLiveData.removeObserver(this);
+            }
+        });
+        Observer<String> observer2 = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observeForever(observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer2);
+        mLiveData.setValue("gt");
+        verify(observer2).onChanged("gt");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testDataChangeDuringStateChange() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        mRegistry.addObserver(new LifecycleObserver() {
+            @OnLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP)
+            public void onStop() {
+                // change data in onStop, observer should not be called!
+                mLiveData.setValue("b");
+            }
+        });
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.setValue("a");
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        verify(observer).onChanged("a");
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_PAUSE);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP);
+        verify(observer, never()).onChanged("b");
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_RESUME);
+        verify(observer).onChanged("b");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testNotCallInactiveWithObserveForever() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+        mLiveData.observeForever(observer2);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_STOP);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveDuringAddition() {
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        mLiveData.observeForever(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                mLiveData.removeObserver(this);
+            }
+        });
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+        InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        inOrder.verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        inOrder.verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRemoveDuringBringingUpToState() {
+        mLiveData.setValue("bla");
+        mLiveData.observeForever(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                mLiveData.removeObserver(this);
+            }
+        });
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_RESUME);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasActiveObservers(), is(false));
+        InOrder inOrder = Mockito.inOrder(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        inOrder.verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        inOrder.verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        inOrder.verifyNoMoreInteractions();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_neverActive_observerOnChangedNotCalled() {
+        Observer<String> observer = (Observer<String>) mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer);
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        verify(observer, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoObserversTwoStartedOwners_onChangedCalledOnBoth() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer2);
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+        mRegistry2.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        verify(observer1).onChanged("1");
+        verify(observer2).onChanged("1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoObserversOneStartedOwner_onChangedCalledOnOneCorrectObserver() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer2);
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        verify(observer1).onChanged("1");
+        verify(observer2, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoObserversBothStartedAfterSetValue_onChangedCalledOnBoth() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer2);
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+        mRegistry2.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        verify(observer1).onChanged("1");
+        verify(observer1).onChanged("1");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoObserversOneStartedAfterSetValue_onChangedCalledOnCorrectObserver() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer2);
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        verify(observer1).onChanged("1");
+        verify(observer2, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoObserversOneStarted_liveDataBecomesActive() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer2);
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoObserversOneStopped_liveDataStaysActive() {
+        Observer<String> observer1 = mock(Observer.class);
+        Observer<String> observer2 = mock(Observer.class);
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner, observer1);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner2, observer2);
+
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+        mRegistry2.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_lifecycleIsCreatedNoEvent_liveDataBecomesInactiveAndObserverNotCalled() {
+
+        // Arrange.
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner3, mObserver3);
+
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle3);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        reset(mObserver3);
+
+        // Act.
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        // Assert.
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        verify(mObserver3, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Arrange: LiveData was made inactive via SetValue (because the Lifecycle it was
+     * observing was in the CREATED state and no event was dispatched).
+     * Act: Lifecycle enters Started state and dispatches event.
+     * Assert: LiveData becomes active and dispatches new value to observer.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test_liveDataInactiveViaSetValueThenLifecycleResumes() {
+
+        // Arrange.
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner3, mObserver3);
+
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle3);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        reset(mObserver3);
+
+        // Act.
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        // Assert.
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        verify(mObserver3).onChanged("1");
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Arrange: One of two Lifecycles enter the CREATED state without sending an event.
+     * Act: Lifecycle's setValue method is called with new value.
+     * Assert: LiveData stays active and new value is dispatched to Lifecycle that is still at least
+     * STARTED.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_oneOfTwoLifecyclesAreCreatedNoEvent() {
+
+        // Arrange.
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner3, mObserver3);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner4, mObserver4);
+
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver3 = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle3);
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver4 = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle4);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        when(mLifecycle4.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver3.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+        lifecycleObserver4.onStateChanged(mOwner4, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        reset(mObserver3);
+        reset(mObserver4);
+
+        // Act.
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        // Assert.
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, never()).onCall(anyBoolean());
+        verify(mObserver3, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+        verify(mObserver4).onChanged("1");
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Arrange: Two observed Lifecycles enter the CREATED state without sending an event.
+     * Act: Lifecycle's setValue method is called with new value.
+     * Assert: LiveData becomes inactive and nothing is dispatched to either observer.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void setValue_twoLifecyclesAreCreatedNoEvent() {
+
+        // Arrange.
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner3, mObserver3);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner4, mObserver4);
+
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver3 = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle3);
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver4 = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle4);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        when(mLifecycle4.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver3.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+        lifecycleObserver4.onStateChanged(mOwner4, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+        when(mLifecycle4.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        reset(mObserver3);
+        reset(mObserver4);
+
+        // Act.
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        // Assert.
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(false);
+        verify(mObserver3, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+        verify(mObserver3, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Arrange: LiveData was made inactive via SetValue (because both Lifecycles it was
+     * observing were in the CREATED state and no event was dispatched).
+     * Act: One Lifecycle enters STARTED state and dispatches lifecycle event.
+     * Assert: LiveData becomes active and dispatches new value to observer associated with started
+     * Lifecycle.
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test_liveDataInactiveViaSetValueThenOneLifecycleResumes() {
+
+        // Arrange.
+
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner3, mObserver3);
+        mLiveData.observe(mOwner4, mObserver4);
+
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver3 = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle3);
+        GenericLifecycleObserver lifecycleObserver4 = getGenericLifecycleObserver(mLifecycle4);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        when(mLifecycle4.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver3.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+        lifecycleObserver4.onStateChanged(mOwner4, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+        when(mLifecycle4.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.CREATED);
+
+        mLiveData.setValue("1");
+
+        reset(mActiveObserversChanged);
+        reset(mObserver3);
+        reset(mObserver4);
+
+        // Act.
+
+        when(mLifecycle3.getCurrentState()).thenReturn(Lifecycle.State.STARTED);
+        lifecycleObserver3.onStateChanged(mOwner3, Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
+
+        // Assert.
+
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged).onCall(true);
+        verify(mObserver3).onChanged("1");
+        verify(mObserver4, never()).onChanged(anyString());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void nestedForeverObserver() {
+        mLiveData.setValue(".");
+        mLiveData.observeForever(new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String s) {
+                mLiveData.observeForever(mock(Observer.class));
+                mLiveData.removeObserver(this);
+            }
+        });
+        verify(mActiveObserversChanged, only()).onCall(true);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void readdForeverObserver() {
+        Observer observer = mock(Observer.class);
+        mLiveData.observeForever(observer);
+        mLiveData.observeForever(observer);
+        mLiveData.removeObserver(observer);
+        assertThat(mLiveData.hasObservers(), is(false));
+    }
+
+    private GenericLifecycleObserver getGenericLifecycleObserver(Lifecycle lifecycle) {
+        ArgumentCaptor<GenericLifecycleObserver> captor =
+                ArgumentCaptor.forClass(GenericLifecycleObserver.class);
+        verify(lifecycle).addObserver(captor.capture());
+        return (captor.getValue());
+    }
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
+    static class PublicLiveData<T> extends LiveData<T> {
+        // cannot spy due to internal calls
+        public MethodExec activeObserversChanged;
+
+        @Override
+        protected void onActive() {
+            if (activeObserversChanged != null) {
+                activeObserversChanged.onCall(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        protected void onInactive() {
+            if (activeObserversChanged != null) {
+                activeObserversChanged.onCall(false);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private class FailReentranceObserver<T> implements Observer<T> {
+        @Override
+        public void onChanged(@Nullable T t) {
+            assertThat(mInObserver, is(false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    interface MethodExec {
+        void onCall(boolean value);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/test/java/android/arch/lifecycle/ThreadedLiveDataTest.java b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/test/java/android/arch/lifecycle/ThreadedLiveDataTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3366641
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lifecycle/livedata-core/src/test/java/android/arch/lifecycle/ThreadedLiveDataTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.arch.lifecycle;
+
+import static android.arch.lifecycle.Lifecycle.Event.ON_START;
+
+import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.arch.core.executor.JunitTaskExecutorRule;
+import android.arch.core.executor.TaskExecutor;
+import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
+
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
+public class ThreadedLiveDataTest {
+
+    private static final int TIMEOUT_SECS = 3;
+
+    @Rule
+    public JunitTaskExecutorRule mTaskExecutorRule = new JunitTaskExecutorRule(1, false);
+
+    private LiveData<String> mLiveData;
+    private LifecycleOwner mLifecycleOwner;
+    private LifecycleRegistry mRegistry;
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() {
+        mLiveData = new MutableLiveData<>();
+        mLifecycleOwner = mock(LifecycleOwner.class);
+        mRegistry = new LifecycleRegistry(mLifecycleOwner);
+        when(mLifecycleOwner.getLifecycle()).thenReturn(mRegistry);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testPostValue() throws InterruptedException {
+        final TaskExecutor taskExecutor = mTaskExecutorRule.getTaskExecutor();
+        final CountDownLatch finishTestLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        final Observer<String> observer = new Observer<String>() {
+            @Override
+            public void onChanged(@Nullable String newValue) {
+                try {
+                    assertThat(taskExecutor.isMainThread(), is(true));
+                    assertThat(newValue, is("success"));
+                } finally {
+                    finishTestLatch.countDown();
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        taskExecutor.executeOnMainThread(new Runnable() {
+            @Override
+            public void run() {
+                mRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(ON_START);
+                mLiveData.observe(mLifecycleOwner, observer);
+                final CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+                taskExecutor.executeOnDiskIO(new Runnable() {
+                    @Override
+                    public void run() {
+                        mLiveData.postValue("fail");
+                        mLiveData.postValue("success");
+                        latch.countDown();
+                    }
+                });
+                try {
+                    assertThat(latch.await(TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS), is(true));
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        assertThat(finishTestLatch.await(TIMEOUT_SECS, TimeUnit.SECONDS), is(true));
+    }
+}