Rewrite all backwards comparisons.

Strictly, all the ones I could find. This is everything with 0 or null on the
left-hand side.

Note that this touches several incorrect bounds checks, which I haven't fixed:
I'm going to come back and finish that independent cleanup separately.

Change-Id: Ibdb054b53df9aace47c7d2a00ff19122190053e8
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/CharArrayWriter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/CharArrayWriter.java
index 8bca96f..4efd5a3 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/CharArrayWriter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/CharArrayWriter.java
@@ -279,11 +279,10 @@
      */
     @Override
     public CharArrayWriter append(CharSequence csq) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            append(TOKEN_NULL, 0, TOKEN_NULL.length());
-        } else {
-            append(csq, 0, csq.length());
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
+        append(csq, 0, csq.length());
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -312,8 +311,8 @@
      */
     @Override
     public CharArrayWriter append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            csq = TOKEN_NULL;
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
         String output = csq.subSequence(start, end).toString();
         write(output, 0, output.length());
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectInputStream.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectInputStream.java
index 14b83b6..afeb929 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectInputStream.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectInputStream.java
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@
     private void readFieldValues(Object obj, ObjectStreamClass classDesc) throws OptionalDataException, ClassNotFoundException, IOException {
         // Now we must read all fields and assign them to the receiver
         ObjectStreamField[] fields = classDesc.getLoadFields();
-        fields = (null == fields ? ObjectStreamClass.NO_FIELDS : fields);
+        fields = (fields == null) ? ObjectStreamClass.NO_FIELDS : fields;
         Class<?> declaringClass = classDesc.forClass();
         if (declaringClass == null && mustResolve) {
             throw new ClassNotFoundException(classDesc.getName());
@@ -1812,7 +1812,7 @@
         // Resolve the field signatures using the class loader of the
         // resolved class
         ObjectStreamField[] fields = newClassDesc.getLoadFields();
-        fields = (null == fields ? ObjectStreamClass.NO_FIELDS : fields);
+        fields = (fields == null) ? ObjectStreamClass.NO_FIELDS : fields;
         ClassLoader loader = newClassDesc.forClass() == null ? callerClassLoader
                 : newClassDesc.forClass().getClassLoader();
         for (ObjectStreamField element : fields) {
@@ -1875,7 +1875,7 @@
          * descriptors. If called outside of readObject, the descriptorHandle
          * might be null.
          */
-        descriptorHandle = (null == descriptorHandle ? nextHandle() : descriptorHandle);
+        descriptorHandle = (descriptorHandle == null) ? nextHandle() : descriptorHandle;
         registerObjectRead(newClassDesc, descriptorHandle, false);
 
         readFieldDescriptors(newClassDesc);
@@ -2520,14 +2520,14 @@
             throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
         // fastpath: obtain cached value
         Class<?> cls = osClass.forClass();
-        if (null == cls) {
+        if (cls == null) {
             // slowpath: resolve the class
             String className = osClass.getName();
 
             // if it is primitive class, for example, long.class
             cls = PRIMITIVE_CLASSES.get(className);
 
-            if (null == cls) {
+            if (cls == null) {
                 // not primitive class
                 // Use the first non-null ClassLoader on the stack. If null, use
                 // the system class loader
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectOutputStream.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectOutputStream.java
index d074350..3d173fa 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectOutputStream.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/ObjectOutputStream.java
@@ -1834,7 +1834,7 @@
             output.writeByte(TC_ENDBLOCKDATA);
             // write super class
             ObjectStreamClass superClassDesc = classDesc.getSuperclass();
-            if (null != superClassDesc) {
+            if (superClassDesc != null) {
                 // super class is also enum
                 superClassDesc.setFlags((byte) (SC_SERIALIZABLE | SC_ENUM));
                 writeEnumDesc(superClassDesc.forClass(), superClassDesc, unshared);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintStream.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintStream.java
index d1b4f94..42e6750 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintStream.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintStream.java
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
  * has occurred in this stream.
  */
 public class PrintStream extends FilterOutputStream implements Appendable, Closeable {
-
-    private static final String TOKEN_NULL = "null";
-
     /**
      * indicates whether or not this PrintStream has incurred an error.
      */
@@ -734,8 +731,8 @@
      * @return this stream.
      */
     public PrintStream append(CharSequence csq) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            print(TOKEN_NULL);
+        if (csq == null) {
+            print("null");
         } else {
             print(csq.toString());
         }
@@ -764,11 +761,10 @@
      *             the length of {@code csq}.
      */
     public PrintStream append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            print(TOKEN_NULL.substring(start, end));
-        } else {
-            print(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString());
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
+        print(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString());
         return this;
     }
 }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintWriter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintWriter.java
index da54b48..3bc14b8 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintWriter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/PrintWriter.java
@@ -752,11 +752,10 @@
      */
     @Override
     public PrintWriter append(CharSequence csq) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            append(TOKEN_NULL, 0, TOKEN_NULL.length());
-        } else {
-            append(csq, 0, csq.length());
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
+        append(csq, 0, csq.length());
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -783,8 +782,8 @@
      */
     @Override
     public PrintWriter append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            csq = TOKEN_NULL;
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
         String output = csq.subSequence(start, end).toString();
         write(output, 0, output.length());
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Reader.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Reader.java
index 4c4ce06..940a4ec 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Reader.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Reader.java
@@ -263,9 +263,6 @@
      *             if {@code target} is read-only.
      */
     public int read(CharBuffer target) throws IOException {
-        if (null == target) {
-            throw new NullPointerException();
-        }
         int length = target.length();
         char[] buf = new char[length];
         length = Math.min(length, read(buf));
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StreamTokenizer.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StreamTokenizer.java
index c740a7c..36c42bf 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StreamTokenizer.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StreamTokenizer.java
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@
      *            the character to be considered a comment character.
      */
     public void commentChar(int ch) {
-        if (0 <= ch && ch < tokenTypes.length) {
+        if (ch >= 0 && ch < tokenTypes.length) {
             tokenTypes[ch] = TOKEN_COMMENT;
         }
     }
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@
      *            the character to be considered an ordinary character.
      */
     public void ordinaryChar(int ch) {
-        if (0 <= ch && ch < tokenTypes.length) {
+        if (ch >= 0 && ch < tokenTypes.length) {
             tokenTypes[ch] = 0;
         }
     }
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@
      *            the character to be considered a quote character.
      */
     public void quoteChar(int ch) {
-        if (0 <= ch && ch < tokenTypes.length) {
+        if (ch >= 0 && ch < tokenTypes.length) {
             tokenTypes[ch] = TOKEN_QUOTE;
         }
     }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StringWriter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StringWriter.java
index 6fb0dda..e87c9eb 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StringWriter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/StringWriter.java
@@ -204,11 +204,10 @@
      */
     @Override
     public StringWriter append(CharSequence csq) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            write(TOKEN_NULL);
-        } else {
-            write(csq.toString());
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
+        write(csq.toString());
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -235,8 +234,8 @@
      */
     @Override
     public StringWriter append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            csq = TOKEN_NULL;
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
         String output = csq.subSequence(start, end).toString();
         write(output, 0, output.length());
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Writer.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Writer.java
index 84b90dbb..d1ff429 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Writer.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/io/Writer.java
@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@
  * @see Reader
  */
 public abstract class Writer implements Appendable, Closeable, Flushable {
-
-    static final String TOKEN_NULL = "null";
-
     /**
      * The object used to synchronize access to the writer.
      */
@@ -207,11 +204,10 @@
      *             if this writer is closed or another I/O error occurs.
      */
     public Writer append(CharSequence csq) throws IOException {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            write(TOKEN_NULL);
-        } else {
-            write(csq.toString());
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
+        write(csq.toString());
         return this;
     }
 
@@ -238,13 +234,11 @@
      *             either {@code start} or {@code end} are greater or equal than
      *             the length of {@code csq}.
      */
-    public Writer append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end)
-            throws IOException {
-        if (null == csq) {
-            write(TOKEN_NULL.substring(start, end));
-        } else {
-            write(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString());
+    public Writer append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end) throws IOException {
+        if (csq == null) {
+            csq = "null";
         }
+        write(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString());
         return this;
     }
 
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder.java
index df63cbb..558c1fb 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/AbstractStringBuilder.java
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
     }
 
     final void insert0(int index, char[] chars) {
-        if (0 > index || index > count) {
+        if (index < 0 || index > count) {
             throw indexAndLength(index);
         }
         if (chars.length != 0) {
@@ -322,9 +322,9 @@
     }
 
     final void insert0(int index, char[] chars, int start, int length) {
-        if (0 <= index && index <= count) {
+        if (index >= 0 && index <= count) {
             // start + length could overflow, start/length maybe MaxInt
-            if (start >= 0 && 0 <= length && length <= chars.length - start) {
+            if (start >= 0 && length >= 0 && length <= chars.length - start) {
                 if (length != 0) {
                     move(length, index);
                     System.arraycopy(chars, start, value, index, length);
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
     }
 
     final void insert0(int index, char ch) {
-        if (0 > index || index > count) {
+        if (index < 0 || index > count) {
             // RI compatible exception type
             throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException("index=" + index + ", length=" + count);
         }
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@
     }
 
     final void insert0(int index, String string) {
-        if (0 <= index && index <= count) {
+        if (index >= 0 && index <= count) {
             if (string == null) {
                 string = "null";
             }
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@
      *             current {@link #length()}.
      */
     public void setCharAt(int index, char ch) {
-        if (0 > index || index >= count) {
+        if (index < 0 || index >= count) {
             throw indexAndLength(index);
         }
         if (shared) {
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
      *             {@link #length()}.
      */
     public String substring(int start) {
-        if (0 <= start && start <= count) {
+        if (start >= 0 && start <= count) {
             if (start == count) {
                 return "";
             }
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@
      *             {@code end} is greater than the current {@link #length()}.
      */
     public String substring(int start, int end) {
-        if (0 <= start && start <= end && end <= count) {
+        if (start >= 0 && start <= end && end <= count) {
             if (start == end) {
                 return "";
             }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/Character.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/Character.java
index 3fb1e82..323fe0f 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/Character.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/Character.java
@@ -2422,7 +2422,7 @@
      */
     public static char forDigit(int digit, int radix) {
         if (MIN_RADIX <= radix && radix <= MAX_RADIX) {
-            if (0 <= digit && digit < radix) {
+            if (digit >= 0 && digit < radix) {
                 return (char) (digit < 10 ? digit + '0' : digit + 'a' - 10);
             }
         }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/String.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/String.java
index 0364eba..15c6886 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/String.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/String.java
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@
      *             if {@code index < 0} or {@code index >= length()}.
      */
     public char charAt(int index) {
-        if (0 <= index && index < count) {
+        if (index >= 0 && index < count) {
             return value[offset + index];
         }
         throw indexAndLength(index);
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@
      */
     @Deprecated
     public void getBytes(int start, int end, byte[] data, int index) {
-        if (0 <= start && start <= end && end <= count) {
+        if (start >= 0 && start <= end && end <= count) {
             end += offset;
             try {
                 for (int i = offset + start; i < end; i++) {
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@
      */
     public void getChars(int start, int end, char[] buffer, int index) {
         // NOTE last character not copied!
-        if (0 <= start && start <= end && end <= count) {
+        if (start >= 0 && start <= end && end <= count) {
             System.arraycopy(value, start + offset, buffer, index, end - start);
         } else {
             // We throw StringIndexOutOfBoundsException rather than System.arraycopy's AIOOBE.
@@ -948,7 +948,7 @@
     /**
      * Version of getChars without bounds checks, for use by other classes
      * within the java.lang package only.  The caller is responsible for
-     * ensuring that 0 <= start && start <= end && end <= count.
+     * ensuring that start >= 0 && start <= end && end <= count.
      */
     void _getChars(int start, int end, char[] buffer, int index) {
         // NOTE last character not copied!
@@ -1529,7 +1529,7 @@
         if (start == 0) {
             return this;
         }
-        if (0 <= start && start <= count) {
+        if (start >= 0 && start <= count) {
             return new String(offset + start, count - start, value);
         }
         throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException("start=" + start + " length=" + count);
@@ -1555,7 +1555,7 @@
         }
         // NOTE last character not copied!
         // Fast range check.
-        if (0 <= start && start <= end && end <= count) {
+        if (start >= 0 && start <= end && end <= count) {
             return new String(offset + start, end - start, value);
         }
         throw startEndAndLength(start, end);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Authenticator.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Authenticator.java
index 903f170..3b5fd8c 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Authenticator.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Authenticator.java
@@ -272,10 +272,10 @@
             String rPrompt, String rScheme, URL rURL,
             Authenticator.RequestorType reqType) {
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (null != sm) {
+        if (sm != null) {
             sm.checkPermission(requestPasswordAuthenticationPermission);
         }
-        if (null == thisAuthenticator) {
+        if (thisAuthenticator == null) {
             return null;
         }
         // sets the requester info so it knows what it is requesting
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/CookieHandler.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/CookieHandler.java
index d3cbb5a..918c34a 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/CookieHandler.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/CookieHandler.java
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
      */
     public static CookieHandler getDefault() {
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (null != sm) {
+        if (sm != null) {
             sm.checkPermission(getCookieHandlerPermission);
         }
         return systemWideCookieHandler;
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
      */
     public static void setDefault(CookieHandler cHandler) {
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (null != sm) {
+        if (sm != null) {
             sm.checkPermission(setCookieHandlerPermission);
         }
         systemWideCookieHandler = cHandler;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramPacket.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramPacket.java
index cde5d7b..a165d94 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramPacket.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramPacket.java
@@ -188,8 +188,7 @@
      *            store the received data.
      */
     public synchronized void setData(byte[] buf, int anOffset, int aLength) {
-        if (0 > anOffset || anOffset > buf.length || 0 > aLength
-                || aLength > buf.length - anOffset) {
+        if (anOffset < 0 || anOffset > buf.length || aLength < 0 || aLength > buf.length - anOffset) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
         data = buf;
@@ -229,7 +228,7 @@
      *            the length of this datagram packet.
      */
     public synchronized void setLength(int len) {
-        if (0 > len || offset + len > data.length) {
+        if (len < 0 || offset + len > data.length) {
             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
         }
         length = len;
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@
      * @param len the length of this datagram packet
      */
     synchronized void setLengthOnly(int len) {
-        if (0 > len || offset + len > data.length) {
+        if (len < 0 || offset + len > data.length) {
             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
         }
         length = len;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramSocket.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramSocket.java
index 1bfe40e..eece7ce 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramSocket.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/DatagramSocket.java
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
     public DatagramSocket(int aPort, InetAddress addr) throws SocketException {
         super();
         checkListen(aPort);
-        createSocket(aPort, null == addr ? Inet4Address.ANY : addr);
+        createSocket(aPort, (addr == null) ? Inet4Address.ANY : addr);
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Inet6Address.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Inet6Address.java
index f8920fc..b497041 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Inet6Address.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Inet6Address.java
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
         Inet6Address address = Inet6Address.getByAddress(host, addr, 0);
 
         // if nif is null, nothing needs to be set.
-        if (null == nif) {
+        if (nif == null) {
             return address;
         }
 
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
         scope_id_set = fields.get("scope_id_set", false);
         ifname = (String) fields.get("ifname", null);
         scope_ifname_set = fields.get("scope_ifname_set", false);
-        if (scope_ifname_set && null != ifname) {
+        if (scope_ifname_set && ifname != null) {
             scopedIf = NetworkInterface.getByName(ifname);
         }
     }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/InetAddress.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/InetAddress.java
index f8a166a..bc414c7 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/InetAddress.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/InetAddress.java
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
     private static native String getnameinfo(byte[] addr);
 
     static String getHostNameInternal(String host, boolean isCheck) throws UnknownHostException {
-        if (host == null || 0 == host.length()) {
+        if (host == null || host.isEmpty()) {
             return Inet4Address.LOOPBACK.getHostAddress();
         }
         if (!isNumeric(host)) {
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@
                             waitReachable.notifyAll();
                         } else {
                             addrCount--;
-                            if (0 == addrCount) {
+                            if (addrCount == 0) {
                                 // if count equals zero, all thread
                                 // expired,notifies main thread
                                 waitReachable.notifyAll();
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@
         boolean reached = false;
         Platform.NETWORK.socket(fd, true);
         try {
-            if (null != source) {
+            if (source != null) {
                 Platform.NETWORK.bind(fd, source, 0);
             }
             Platform.NETWORK.connect(fd, destination, 7, timeout);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/JarURLConnection.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/JarURLConnection.java
index 0ea065d..4b84893 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/JarURLConnection.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/JarURLConnection.java
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
             return;
         }
         entryName = file.substring(sepIdx, file.length());
-        if (null != url.getRef()) {
+        if (url.getRef() != null) {
             entryName += "#" + url.getRef();
         }
     }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/MulticastSocket.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/MulticastSocket.java
index df09de5..4f6f2f4 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/MulticastSocket.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/MulticastSocket.java
@@ -475,9 +475,6 @@
      * Sets the time-to-live (TTL) for multicast packets sent on this socket.
      * Valid TTL values are between 0 and 255 inclusive.
      *
-     * @param ttl
-     *            the default time-to-live field value for packets sent on this
-     *            socket. {@code 0 <= ttl <= 255}.
      * @throws IOException
      *                if an error occurs while setting the TTL option value.
      */
@@ -493,9 +490,6 @@
      * Sets the time-to-live (TTL) for multicast packets sent on this socket.
      * Valid TTL values are between 0 and 255 inclusive.
      *
-     * @param ttl
-     *            the default time-to-live field value for packets sent on this
-     *            socket: {@code 0 <= ttl <= 255}.
      * @throws IOException
      *                if an error occurs while setting the TTL option value.
      * @deprecated Replaced by {@link #setTimeToLive}
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Proxy.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Proxy.java
index b9d38ae..340ef39 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Proxy.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Proxy.java
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
     public final int hashCode() {
         int ret = 0;
         ret += type.hashCode();
-        if (null != address) {
+        if (address != null) {
             ret += address.hashCode();
         }
         return ret;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Socket.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Socket.java
index c18bba8..bf79f4a 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Socket.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/Socket.java
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Proxy is null or invalid type");
         }
         InetSocketAddress address = (InetSocketAddress) proxy.address();
-        if (null != address) {
+        if (address != null) {
             InetAddress addr = address.getAddress();
             String host;
-            if (null != addr) {
+            if (addr != null) {
                 host = addr.getHostAddress();
             } else {
                 host = address.getHostName();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/SocketOptions.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/SocketOptions.java
index a1b95bf..52108be 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/net/SocketOptions.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/net/SocketOptions.java
@@ -33,10 +33,10 @@
      * is still some buffered data to be sent while closing the socket. If the
      * value of this option is set to {@code 0} the method closes the TCP socket
      * forcefully and returns immediately. Is this value greater than {@code 0}
-     * the method blocks this time in milliseconds. If all data could be sent
+     * the method blocks this time in seconds. If all data could be sent
      * during this timeout the socket is closed normally otherwise forcefully.
-     * Valid values for this option are in the range {@code 0 <= SO_LINGER <=
-     * 65535}. (Larger timeouts will be treated as 65535s timeouts; roughly 18 hours.)
+     * Valid values for this option are in the range 0 to 65535 inclusive. (Larger
+     * timeouts will be treated as 65535s timeouts; roughly 18 hours.)
      */
     public static final int SO_LINGER = 128;
 
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/DatagramChannelImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/DatagramChannelImpl.java
index 6cc1217..79c90de 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/DatagramChannelImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/DatagramChannelImpl.java
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     synchronized public DatagramSocket socket() {
-        if (null == socket) {
+        if (socket == null) {
             socket = new DatagramSocketAdapter(new PlainDatagramSocketImpl(fd, localPort), this);
         }
         return socket;
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@
 
         // security check
         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (null != sm) {
+        if (sm != null) {
             if (inetSocketAddress.getAddress().isMulticastAddress()) {
                 sm.checkMulticast(inetSocketAddress.getAddress());
             } else {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
         connected = false;
         connectAddress = null;
         Platform.NETWORK.disconnectDatagram(fd);
-        if (null != socket) {
+        if (socket != null) {
             socket.disconnect();
         }
         return this;
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@
             // this line used in Linux
             return null;
         } finally {
-            end(null != retAddr);
+            end(retAddr != null);
         }
         return retAddr;
     }
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
 
             // security check
             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-            if (!isConnected() && null != sm) {
+            if (!isConnected() && sm != null) {
                 try {
                     sm.checkAccept(receivePacket.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
                             receivePacket.getPort());
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
                     receivePacket = null;
                 }
             }
-            if (null != receivePacket && null != receivePacket.getAddress()) {
+            if (receivePacket != null && receivePacket.getAddress() != null) {
 
                 if (received > 0) {
                     if (target.hasArray()) {
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
 
             // security check
             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
-            if (!isConnected() && null != sm) {
+            if (!isConnected() && sm != null) {
                 try {
                     sm.checkAccept(receivePacket.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
                             receivePacket.getPort());
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@
                     receivePacket = null;
                 }
             }
-            if (null != receivePacket && null != receivePacket.getAddress()) {
+            if (receivePacket != null && receivePacket.getAddress() != null) {
                 // copy the data of received packet
                 if (received > 0) {
                     target.position(oldposition + received);
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@
 
         // transfer socketAddress
         InetSocketAddress isa = (InetSocketAddress) socketAddress;
-        if (null == isa.getAddress()) {
+        if (isa.getAddress() == null) {
             throw new IOException();
         }
 
@@ -581,7 +581,7 @@
      * Buffer check, must not null
      */
     private void checkNotNull(ByteBuffer source) {
-        if (null == source) {
+        if (source == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
     }
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@
          */
         @Override
         public InetAddress getInetAddress() {
-            if (null == channelImpl.connectAddress) {
+            if (channelImpl.connectAddress == null) {
                 return null;
             }
             return channelImpl.connectAddress.getAddress();
@@ -660,7 +660,7 @@
          */
         @Override
         public int getPort() {
-            if (null == channelImpl.connectAddress) {
+            if (channelImpl.connectAddress == null) {
                 return -1;
             }
             return channelImpl.connectAddress.getPort();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/FileChannelImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/FileChannelImpl.java
index 5f00b4a..52c880f 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/FileChannelImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/FileChannelImpl.java
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@
     }
 
     public int write(ByteBuffer buffer, long position) throws IOException {
-        if (null == buffer) {
+        if (buffer == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (position < 0) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ReadOnlyFileChannel.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ReadOnlyFileChannel.java
index 851c1d1..a5063ac 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ReadOnlyFileChannel.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ReadOnlyFileChannel.java
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     }
 
     public final int write(ByteBuffer buffer, long position) throws IOException {
-        if (null == buffer) {
+        if (buffer == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (position < 0) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SelectorImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SelectorImpl.java
index bf673b8..733bb34 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SelectorImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SelectorImpl.java
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
         if (timeout < 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
-        return selectInternal((0 == timeout) ? SELECT_BLOCK : timeout);
+        return selectInternal((timeout == 0) ? SELECT_BLOCK : timeout);
     }
 
     @Override public int selectNow() throws IOException {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ServerSocketChannelImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ServerSocketChannelImpl.java
index 240a0ba..9cefe5f 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ServerSocketChannelImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/ServerSocketChannelImpl.java
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@
                         int[] tryResult = new int[1];
                         boolean success = Platform.NETWORK.select(new FileDescriptor[] { fd },
                                 SelectorImpl.EMPTY_FILE_DESCRIPTORS_ARRAY, 1, 0, 0, tryResult);
-                        if (!success || 0 == tryResult[0]) {
+                        if (!success || tryResult[0] == 0) {
                             // no pending connections, returns immediately.
                             return null;
                         }
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
                 throw new IllegalBlockingModeException();
             }
             SocketChannel sc = channelImpl.accept();
-            if (null == sc) {
+            if (sc == null) {
                 throw new IllegalBlockingModeException();
             }
             return sc.socket();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SocketChannelImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SocketChannelImpl.java
index 2f52646..e75b6b7 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SocketChannelImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/SocketChannelImpl.java
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public int write(ByteBuffer source) throws IOException {
-        if (null == source) {
+        if (source == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         checkOpenConnected();
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
      * and check.
      */
     static InetSocketAddress validateAddress(SocketAddress socketAddress) {
-        if (null == socketAddress) {
+        if (socketAddress == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
         if (!(socketAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress)) {
@@ -680,7 +680,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public void write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) throws IOException {
-            if (0 > offset || 0 > count || count + offset > buffer.length) {
+            if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || count + offset > buffer.length) {
                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
             }
             ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, offset, count);
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public int read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) throws IOException {
-            if (0 > offset || 0 > count || count + offset > buffer.length) {
+            if (offset < 0 || count < 0 || count + offset > buffer.length) {
                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
             }
             if (!channel.isBlocking()) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/WriteOnlyFileChannel.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/WriteOnlyFileChannel.java
index 48c654c..a5584c3 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/WriteOnlyFileChannel.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/WriteOnlyFileChannel.java
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     }
 
     public int read(ByteBuffer buffer, long position) throws IOException {
-        if (null == buffer) {
+        if (buffer == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (position < 0) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/SocketChannel.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/SocketChannel.java
index 0951b46..9ca75ef 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/SocketChannel.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/SocketChannel.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
      */
     public static SocketChannel open(SocketAddress address) throws IOException {
         SocketChannel socketChannel = open();
-        if (null != socketChannel) {
+        if (socketChannel != null) {
             socketChannel.connect(address);
         }
         return socketChannel;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/AbstractSelectableChannel.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/AbstractSelectableChannel.java
index 674f5a4..ff44c11 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/AbstractSelectableChannel.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/AbstractSelectableChannel.java
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
     synchronized public final SelectionKey keyFor(Selector selector) {
         for (int i = 0; i < keyList.size(); i++) {
             SelectionKey key = keyList.get(i);
-            if (null != key && key.selector() == selector) {
+            if (key != null && key.selector() == selector) {
                 return key;
             }
         }
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@
                 throw new IllegalBlockingModeException();
             }
             if (!selector.isOpen()) {
-                if (0 == interestSet) {
+                if (interestSet == 0) {
                     // throw ISE exactly to keep consistency
                     throw new IllegalSelectorException();
                 }
@@ -148,9 +148,8 @@
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             SelectionKey key = keyFor(selector);
-            if (null == key) {
-                key = ((AbstractSelector) selector).register(this, interestSet,
-                        attachment);
+            if (key == null) {
+                key = ((AbstractSelector) selector).register(this, interestSet, attachment);
                 keyList.add(key);
             } else {
                 if (!key.isValid()) {
@@ -177,7 +176,7 @@
         implCloseSelectableChannel();
         for (int i = 0; i < keyList.size(); i++) {
             SelectionKey key = keyList.get(i);
-            if (null != key) {
+            if (key != null) {
                 key.cancel();
             }
         }
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@
      * package private for deregister method in AbstractSelector.
      */
     synchronized void deregister(SelectionKey k) {
-        if (null != keyList) {
+        if (keyList != null) {
             keyList.remove(k);
         }
     }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/SelectorProvider.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/SelectorProvider.java
index 2ba5c0d..201ea9f 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/SelectorProvider.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/channels/spi/SelectorProvider.java
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
      */
     protected SelectorProvider() {
         super();
-        if (null != System.getSecurityManager()) {
+        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
             System.getSecurityManager().checkPermission(
                     new RuntimePermission("selectorProvider"));
         }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CharsetDecoder.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CharsetDecoder.java
index f4c4558..df2bb6a 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CharsetDecoder.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CharsetDecoder.java
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
      *             if {@code newAction} is {@code null}.
      */
     public final CharsetDecoder onMalformedInput(CodingErrorAction newAction) {
-        if (null == newAction) {
+        if (newAction == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
         malformAction = newAction;
@@ -641,9 +641,8 @@
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException
      *             if {@code newAction} is {@code null}.
      */
-    public final CharsetDecoder onUnmappableCharacter(
-            CodingErrorAction newAction) {
-        if (null == newAction) {
+    public final CharsetDecoder onUnmappableCharacter(CodingErrorAction newAction) {
+        if (newAction == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
         unmapAction = newAction;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CoderResult.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CoderResult.java
index 1d31250..b2595f0 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CoderResult.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/nio/charset/CoderResult.java
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@
             Integer key = Integer.valueOf(length);
             synchronized (_malformedErrors) {
                 CoderResult r = _malformedErrors.get(key);
-                if (null == r) {
+                if (r == null) {
                     r = new CoderResult(TYPE_MALFORMED_INPUT, length);
                     _malformedErrors.put(key, r);
                 }
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
             Integer key = Integer.valueOf(length);
             synchronized (_unmappableErrors) {
                 CoderResult r = _unmappableErrors.get(key);
-                if (null == r) {
+                if (r == null) {
                     r = new CoderResult(TYPE_UNMAPPABLE_CHAR, length);
                     _unmappableErrors.put(key, r);
                 }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/security/KeyStore.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/security/KeyStore.java
index f6add00..ab4b924 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/security/KeyStore.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/security/KeyStore.java
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
         }
 
         // Certificate chain is required for PrivateKey
-        if (null != key && key instanceof PrivateKey && (chain == null || chain.length == 0)) {
+        if (key != null && key instanceof PrivateKey && (chain == null || chain.length == 0)) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Certificate chain is not defined for Private key");
         }
         implSpi.engineSetKeyEntry(alias, key, password, chain);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/security/Provider.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/security/Provider.java
index 669fc7b..346d199 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/security/Provider.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/security/Provider.java
@@ -866,9 +866,9 @@
      */
     @SuppressWarnings("nls")
     private void putProviderInfo() {
-        super.put("Provider.id name", null != name ? name : "null");
+        super.put("Provider.id name", (name != null) ? name : "null");
         super.put("Provider.id version", versionString);
-        super.put("Provider.id info", null != info ? info : "null");
+        super.put("Provider.id info", (info != null) ? info : "null");
         super.put("Provider.id className", this.getClass().getName());
     }
 
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/sql/DriverManager.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/sql/DriverManager.java
index d670562..77fe43f 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/sql/DriverManager.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/sql/DriverManager.java
@@ -202,13 +202,13 @@
      *             if there is an error while attempting to connect to the
      *             database identified by the URL.
      */
-    public static Connection getConnection(String url, String user,
-            String password) throws SQLException {
+    public static Connection getConnection(String url, String user, String password)
+            throws SQLException {
         Properties theProperties = new Properties();
-        if (null != user) {
+        if (user != null) {
             theProperties.setProperty("user", user);
         }
-        if (null != password) {
+        if (password != null) {
             theProperties.setProperty("password", password);
         }
         return getConnection(url, theProperties);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/text/AttributedString.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/text/AttributedString.java
index 58839dd..1495dc56 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/text/AttributedString.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/text/AttributedString.java
@@ -579,9 +579,8 @@
      * @throws NullPointerException
      *             if {@code attribute} is {@code null}.
      */
-    public void addAttribute(AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute attribute,
-            Object value) {
-        if (null == attribute) {
+    public void addAttribute(AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute attribute, Object value) {
+        if (attribute == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (text.length() == 0) {
@@ -618,7 +617,7 @@
      */
     public void addAttribute(AttributedCharacterIterator.Attribute attribute,
             Object value, int start, int end) {
-        if (null == attribute) {
+        if (attribute == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (start < 0 || end > text.length() || start >= end) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/text/DecimalFormat.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/text/DecimalFormat.java
index 393b34d..b2b5d6a 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/text/DecimalFormat.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/text/DecimalFormat.java
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@
     @Override
     public Number parse(String string, ParsePosition position) {
         Number number = dform.parse(string, position);
-        if (null == number) {
+        if (number == null) {
             return null;
         }
         // BEGIN android-removed
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/AbstractList.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/AbstractList.java
index 8f1e79f..fe83125 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/AbstractList.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/AbstractList.java
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@
             ListIterator<E> {
         FullListIterator(int start) {
             super();
-            if (0 <= start && start <= size()) {
+            if (start >= 0 && start <= size()) {
                 pos = start - 1;
             } else {
                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@
         @Override
         public void add(int location, E object) {
             if (modCount == fullList.modCount) {
-                if (0 <= location && location <= size) {
+                if (location >= 0 && location <= size) {
                     fullList.add(location + offset, object);
                     size++;
                     modCount = fullList.modCount;
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@
         @Override
         public boolean addAll(int location, Collection<? extends E> collection) {
             if (modCount == fullList.modCount) {
-                if (0 <= location && location <= size) {
+                if (location >= 0 && location <= size) {
                     boolean result = fullList.addAll(location + offset,
                             collection);
                     if (result) {
@@ -294,7 +294,7 @@
         @Override
         public E get(int location) {
             if (modCount == fullList.modCount) {
-                if (0 <= location && location < size) {
+                if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
                     return fullList.get(location + offset);
                 }
                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@
         @Override
         public ListIterator<E> listIterator(int location) {
             if (modCount == fullList.modCount) {
-                if (0 <= location && location <= size) {
+                if (location >= 0 && location <= size) {
                     return new SubAbstractListIterator<E>(fullList
                             .listIterator(location + offset), this, offset,
                             size);
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@
         @Override
         public E remove(int location) {
             if (modCount == fullList.modCount) {
-                if (0 <= location && location < size) {
+                if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
                     E result = fullList.remove(location + offset);
                     size--;
                     modCount = fullList.modCount;
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
         @Override
         public E set(int location, E object) {
             if (modCount == fullList.modCount) {
-                if (0 <= location && location < size) {
+                if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
                     return fullList.set(location + offset, object);
                 }
                 throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
@@ -733,7 +733,7 @@
      *             if (start > end)
      */
     public List<E> subList(int start, int end) {
-        if (0 <= start && end <= size()) {
+        if (start >= 0 && end <= size()) {
             if (start <= end) {
                 if (this instanceof RandomAccess) {
                     return new SubAbstractListRandomAccess<E>(this, start, end);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Calendar.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Calendar.java
index 01b0343..3368b2d 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Calendar.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Calendar.java
@@ -1397,7 +1397,7 @@
      *             value.
      */
     public int compareTo(Calendar anotherCalendar) {
-        if (null == anotherCalendar) {
+        if (anotherCalendar == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         long timeInMillis = getTimeInMillis();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Collections.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Collections.java
index 2a20f86..38005ad 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Collections.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Collections.java
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public E get(int location) {
-            if (0 <= location && location < n) {
+            if (location >= 0 && location < n) {
                 return element;
             }
             throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
@@ -593,15 +593,15 @@
                 array = new Object[size];
                 list.toArray(array);
             }
-            if (null != object)
+            if (object != null) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                     if (object.equals(array[i])) {
                         return i;
                     }
                 }
-            else {
+            } else {
                 for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                    if (null == array[i]) {
+                    if (array[i] == null) {
                         return i;
                     }
                 }
@@ -617,15 +617,15 @@
                 array = new Object[size];
                 list.toArray(array);
             }
-            if (null != object)
+            if (object != null) {
                 for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                     if (object.equals(array[i])) {
                         return i;
                     }
                 }
-            else {
+            } else {
                 for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-                    if (null == array[i]) {
+                    if (array[i] == null) {
                         return i;
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/EnumMap.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/EnumMap.java
index 36ff03a..5da3b86 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/EnumMap.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/EnumMap.java
@@ -72,8 +72,11 @@
                 Object enumKey = entry.getKey();
                 if (key.equals(enumKey)) {
                     Object theValue = entry.getValue();
-                    isEqual = enumMap.values[ordinal] == null ? null == theValue
-                            : enumMap.values[ordinal].equals(theValue);
+                    if (enumMap.values[ordinal] == null) {
+                        isEqual = (theValue == null);
+                    } else {
+                        isEqual = enumMap.values[ordinal].equals(theValue);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             return isEqual;
@@ -262,9 +265,9 @@
 
         @Override
         public boolean remove(Object object) {
-            if (null == object) {
+            if (object == null) {
                 for (int i = 0; i < enumMap.enumSize; i++) {
-                    if (enumMap.hasMapping[i] && null == enumMap.values[i]) {
+                    if (enumMap.hasMapping[i] && enumMap.values[i] == null) {
                         enumMap.remove(enumMap.keys[i]);
                         return true;
                     }
@@ -326,8 +329,11 @@
                 Object enumValue = ((Map.Entry) object).getValue();
                 if (enumMap.containsKey(enumKey)) {
                     VT value = enumMap.get(enumKey);
-                    isEqual = (value == null ? null == enumValue : value
-                            .equals(enumValue));
+                    if (value == null) {
+                        isEqual = enumValue == null;
+                    } else {
+                        isEqual = value.equals(enumValue);
+                    }
                 }
             }
             return isEqual;
@@ -430,7 +436,7 @@
         if (map instanceof EnumMap) {
             initialization((EnumMap<K, V>) map);
         } else {
-            if (0 == map.size()) {
+            if (map.size() == 0) {
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException();
             }
             Iterator<K> iter = map.keySet().iterator();
@@ -502,9 +508,9 @@
      */
     @Override
     public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
-        if (null == value) {
+        if (value == null) {
             for (int i = 0; i < enumSize; i++) {
-                if (hasMapping[i] && null == values[i]) {
+                if (hasMapping[i] && values[i] == null) {
                     return true;
                 }
             }
@@ -530,7 +536,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet() {
-        if (null == entrySet) {
+        if (entrySet == null) {
             entrySet = new EnumMapEntrySet<K, V>(this);
         }
         return entrySet;
@@ -594,7 +600,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public Set<K> keySet() {
-        if (null == keySet) {
+        if (keySet == null) {
             keySet = new EnumMapKeySet<K, V>(this);
         }
         return keySet;
@@ -698,7 +704,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public Collection<V> values() {
-        if (null == valuesCollection) {
+        if (valuesCollection == null) {
             valuesCollection = new EnumMapValueCollection<K, V>(this);
         }
         return valuesCollection;
@@ -731,7 +737,7 @@
     }
 
     private boolean isValidKeyType(Object key) {
-        if (null != key && keyType.isInstance(key)) {
+        if (key != null && keyType.isInstance(key)) {
             return true;
         }
         return false;
@@ -766,7 +772,7 @@
 
     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
     private V putImpl(K key, V value) {
-        if (null == key) {
+        if (key == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         keyType.cast(key); // Called to throw ClassCastException.
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java
index 73d8a64..5792877 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException.java
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
      *           the conversion.
      */
     public FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(String f, char c) {
-        if (null == f) {
+        if (f == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         this.f = f;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Formatter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Formatter.java
index b3d1578..6825420 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Formatter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Formatter.java
@@ -2159,7 +2159,9 @@
 
     private void transform_g(StringBuilder result) {
         int precision = formatToken.getPrecision();
-        precision = (0 == precision ? 1 : precision);
+        if (precision == 0) {
+            precision = 1;
+        }
         formatToken.setPrecision(precision);
 
         double d = ((Number) arg).doubleValue();
@@ -2268,7 +2270,9 @@
         }
 
         int precision = formatToken.getPrecision();
-        precision = (0 == precision ? 1 : precision);
+        if (precision == 0) {
+            precision = 1;
+        }
         int indexOfFirstFractionalDigit = result.indexOf(".") + 1;
         int indexOfP = result.indexOf("p");
         int fractionalLength = indexOfP - indexOfFirstFractionalDigit;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/LinkedList.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/LinkedList.java
index e264ed0..2d264c2 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/LinkedList.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/LinkedList.java
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
         LinkIterator(LinkedList<ET> object, int location) {
             list = object;
             expectedModCount = list.modCount;
-            if (0 <= location && location <= list.size) {
+            if (location >= 0 && location <= list.size) {
                 // pos ends up as -1 if list is empty, it ranges from -1 to
                 // list.size - 1
                 // if link == voidLink then pos must == -1
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public void add(int location, E object) {
-        if (0 <= location && location <= size) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location <= size) {
             Link<E> link = voidLink;
             if (location < (size / 2)) {
                 for (int i = 0; i <= location; i++) {
@@ -504,7 +504,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public E get(int location) {
-        if (0 <= location && location < size) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
             Link<E> link = voidLink;
             if (location < (size / 2)) {
                 for (int i = 0; i <= location; i++) {
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public E remove(int location) {
-        if (0 <= location && location < size) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
             Link<E> link = voidLink;
             if (location < (size / 2)) {
                 for (int i = 0; i <= location; i++) {
@@ -860,7 +860,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public E set(int location, E object) {
-        if (0 <= location && location < size) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location < size) {
             Link<E> link = voidLink;
             if (location < (size / 2)) {
                 for (int i = 0; i <= location; i++) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java
index cd56f87..ce72efa 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatArgumentException.java
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
      *           the specified conversion that lacks the argument.
      */
     public MissingFormatArgumentException(String s) {
-        if (null == s) {
+        if (s == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         this.s = s;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java
index 842b0c4..b6d0ca6 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/MissingFormatWidthException.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
      *           the specified format specifier.
      */
     public MissingFormatWidthException(String s) {
-        if (null == s) {
+        if (s == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         this.s = s;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/PriorityQueue.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/PriorityQueue.java
index 30fce2e..10c5968 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/PriorityQueue.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/PriorityQueue.java
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
      *             if {@code o} is {@code null}.
      */
     public boolean offer(E o) {
-        if (null == o) {
+        if (o == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         growToSize(size + 1);
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
     }
 
     private int compare(E o1, E o2) {
-        if (null != comparator) {
+        if (comparator != null) {
             return comparator.compare(o1, o2);
         }
         return ((Comparable<? super E>) o1).compareTo(o2);
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
     }
 
     private void initSize(Collection<? extends E> c) {
-        if (null == c) {
+        if (c == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (c.isEmpty()) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/ResourceBundle.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/ResourceBundle.java
index 0f19df2..dcd5f13 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/ResourceBundle.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/ResourceBundle.java
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
                 .doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>() {
                     public ClassLoader run() {
                         ClassLoader cl = this.getClass().getClassLoader();
-                        if (null == cl) {
+                        if (cl == null) {
                             cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
                         }
                         return cl;
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@
         ResourceBundle ret = processGetBundle(baseName, targetLocale, loader,
                 control, expired, result);
 
-        if (null != ret) {
+        if (ret != null) {
             loaderCache.put(bundleName, ret);
             ret.lastLoadTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
             return ret;
@@ -332,9 +332,8 @@
             Locale targetLocale, ClassLoader loader,
             ResourceBundle.Control control, boolean expired,
             ResourceBundle result) {
-        List<Locale> locales = control.getCandidateLocales(baseName,
-                targetLocale);
-        if (null == locales) {
+        List<Locale> locales = control.getCandidateLocales(baseName, targetLocale);
+        if (locales == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
         List<String> formats = control.getFormats(baseName);
@@ -370,29 +369,28 @@
                 } catch (IOException e) {
                     // do nothing
                 }
-                if (null != bundle) {
-                    if (null != currentBundle) {
+                if (bundle != null) {
+                    if (currentBundle != null) {
                         currentBundle.setParent(bundle);
                         currentBundle = bundle;
                     } else {
-                        if (null == ret) {
+                        if (ret == null) {
                             ret = bundle;
                             currentBundle = ret;
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                if (null != bundle) {
+                if (bundle != null) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
         }
 
-        if ((null == ret)
+        if ((ret == null)
                 || (Locale.ROOT.equals(ret.getLocale()) && (!(locales.size() == 1 && locales
                         .contains(Locale.ROOT))))) {
-            Locale nextLocale = control.getFallbackLocale(baseName,
-                    targetLocale);
-            if (null != nextLocale) {
+            Locale nextLocale = control.getFallbackLocale(baseName, targetLocale);
+            if (nextLocale != null) {
                 ret = processGetBundle(baseName, nextLocale, loader, control,
                         expired, result);
             }
@@ -637,14 +635,14 @@
     }
 
     public static final void clearCache(ClassLoader loader) {
-        if (null == loader) {
+        if (loader == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         cache.remove(loader);
     }
 
     public boolean containsKey(String key) {
-        if (null == key) {
+        if (key == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         return keySet().contains(key);
@@ -663,7 +661,7 @@
         Set<String> set = keySet();
         Set<String> ret = new HashSet<String>();
         for (String key : set) {
-            if (null != handleGetObject(key)) {
+            if (handleGetObject(key) != null) {
                 ret.add(key);
             }
         }
@@ -695,7 +693,7 @@
 
         @Override
         public Locale getFallbackLocale(String baseName, Locale locale) {
-            if (null == baseName || null == locale) {
+            if (baseName == null || locale == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             return null;
@@ -837,7 +835,7 @@
          * {@code locale}.
          */
         public List<Locale> getCandidateLocales(String baseName, Locale locale) {
-            if (null == baseName || null == locale) {
+            if (baseName == null || locale == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             List<Locale> retList = new ArrayList<Locale>();
@@ -861,7 +859,7 @@
          * Returns a list of strings of formats according to {@code baseName}.
          */
         public List<String> getFormats(String baseName) {
-            if (null == baseName) {
+            if (baseName == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             return format;
@@ -871,7 +869,7 @@
          * Returns the fallback locale for {@code baseName} in {@code locale}.
          */
         public Locale getFallbackLocale(String baseName, Locale locale) {
-            if (null == baseName || null == locale) {
+            if (baseName == null || locale == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             if (Locale.getDefault() != locale) {
@@ -905,7 +903,7 @@
                 String format, ClassLoader loader, boolean reload)
                 throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException,
                 IOException {
-            if (null == format || null == loader) {
+            if (format == null || loader == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             InputStream streams = null;
@@ -926,7 +924,7 @@
                                 }
                             }
                         });
-                if (null == cls) {
+                if (cls == null) {
                     return null;
                 }
                 try {
@@ -947,7 +945,7 @@
                     } catch (NullPointerException e) {
                         // do nothing
                     }
-                    if (null != url) {
+                    if (url != null) {
                         URLConnection con = url.openConnection();
                         con.setUseCaches(false);
                         streams = con.getInputStream();
@@ -985,7 +983,7 @@
          * default is TTL_NO_EXPIRATION_CONTROL.
          */
         public long getTimeToLive(String baseName, Locale locale) {
-            if (null == baseName || null == locale) {
+            if (baseName == null || locale == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             return TTL_NO_EXPIRATION_CONTROL;
@@ -1011,7 +1009,7 @@
         public boolean needsReload(String baseName, Locale locale,
                 String format, ClassLoader loader, ResourceBundle bundle,
                 long loadTime) {
-            if (null == bundle) {
+            if (bundle == null) {
                 // FIXME what's the use of bundle?
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
@@ -1025,7 +1023,7 @@
             }
             String urlname = toResourceName(bundleName, suffix);
             URL url = loader.getResource(urlname);
-            if (null != url) {
+            if (url != null) {
                 String fileName = url.getFile();
                 long lastModified = new File(fileName).lastModified();
                 if (lastModified > loadTime) {
@@ -1050,7 +1048,7 @@
             final String emptyString = EMPTY_STRING;
             final String preString = UNDER_SCORE;
             final String underline = UNDER_SCORE;
-            if (null == baseName) {
+            if (baseName == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
@@ -1090,7 +1088,7 @@
          *         suffix
          */
         public final String toResourceName(String bundleName, String suffix) {
-            if (null == suffix) {
+            if (suffix == null) {
                 throw new NullPointerException();
             }
             StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(bundleName.replace('.', '/'));
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Scanner.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Scanner.java
index 3d5ac3a..85de1e7 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Scanner.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Scanner.java
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
      *            the {@code Readable} to be scanned.
      */
     public Scanner(Readable src) {
-        if (null == src) {
+        if (src == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         input = src;
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@
                 resetMatcher();
             }
         }
-        if (null != result) {
+        if (result != null) {
             findStartIndex = matcher.end();
             matchSuccessful = true;
         } else {
@@ -1420,7 +1420,7 @@
             }
         }
         // Find text without line terminator here.
-        if (null != result) {
+        if (result != null) {
             Matcher terminatorMatcher = LINE_TERMINATOR.matcher(result);
             if (terminatorMatcher.find()) {
                 result = result.substring(0, terminatorMatcher.start());
@@ -1673,7 +1673,7 @@
      * @return this {@code Scanner}.
      */
     public Scanner useLocale(Locale l) {
-        if (null == l) {
+        if (l == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         this.locale = l;
@@ -1733,7 +1733,7 @@
      * will be thrown out.
      */
     private void checkNull(Pattern pattern) {
-        if (null == pattern) {
+        if (pattern == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
     }
@@ -1742,7 +1742,7 @@
      * Change the matcher's string after reading input
      */
     private void resetMatcher() {
-        if (null == matcher) {
+        if (matcher == null) {
             matcher = delimiter.matcher(buffer);
         } else {
             matcher.reset(buffer);
@@ -1952,7 +1952,7 @@
             }
         }
         // Token is NaN or Infinity
-        if (0 == result.length()) {
+        if (result.length() == 0) {
             result = tokenBuilder;
         }
         if (-1 != separatorIndex) {
@@ -1975,10 +1975,10 @@
         String negativePrefix = decimalFormat.getNegativePrefix();
         String negativeSuffix = decimalFormat.getNegativeSuffix();
 
-        if (0 == tokenBuilder.indexOf("+")) {
+        if (tokenBuilder.indexOf("+") == 0) {
             tokenBuilder.delete(0, 1);
         }
-        if (!positivePrefix.isEmpty() && 0 == tokenBuilder.indexOf(positivePrefix)) {
+        if (!positivePrefix.isEmpty() && tokenBuilder.indexOf(positivePrefix) == 0) {
             tokenBuilder.delete(0, positivePrefix.length());
         }
         if (!positiveSuffix.isEmpty()
@@ -1988,12 +1988,11 @@
                     tokenBuilder.length());
         }
         boolean negative = false;
-        if (0 == tokenBuilder.indexOf("-")) {
+        if (tokenBuilder.indexOf("-") == 0) {
             tokenBuilder.delete(0, 1);
             negative = true;
         }
-        if (!negativePrefix.isEmpty()
-                && 0 == tokenBuilder.indexOf(negativePrefix)) {
+        if (!negativePrefix.isEmpty() && tokenBuilder.indexOf(negativePrefix) == 0) {
             tokenBuilder.delete(0, negativePrefix.length());
             negative = true;
         }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/TreeSet.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/TreeSet.java
index 0d330da..e4f2136 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/TreeSet.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/TreeSet.java
@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@
      */
     public E pollFirst() {
         Map.Entry<E, Object> entry = backingMap.pollFirstEntry();
-        return (null == entry) ? null : entry.getKey();
+        return (entry == null) ? null : entry.getKey();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@
      */
     public E pollLast() {
         Map.Entry<E, Object> entry = backingMap.pollLastEntry();
-        return (null == entry) ? null : entry.getKey();
+        return (entry == null) ? null : entry.getKey();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
      * @since 1.6
      */
     public NavigableSet<E> descendingSet() {
-        return (null != descendingSet) ? descendingSet
+        return (descendingSet != null) ? descendingSet
                 : (descendingSet = new TreeSet<E>(backingMap.descendingMap()));
     }
 
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Vector.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Vector.java
index ec03e18..dcd19f2 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Vector.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/Vector.java
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized boolean addAll(int location, Collection<? extends E> collection) {
-        if (0 <= location && location <= elementCount) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location <= elementCount) {
             int size = collection.size();
             if (size == 0) {
                 return false;
@@ -574,7 +574,7 @@
      * @see #size
      */
     public synchronized void insertElementAt(E object, int location) {
-        if (0 <= location && location <= elementCount) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location <= elementCount) {
             if (elementCount == elementData.length) {
                 growByOne();
             }
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@
      * @see #size
      */
     public synchronized void removeElementAt(int location) {
-        if (0 <= location && location < elementCount) {
+        if (location >= 0 && location < elementCount) {
             elementCount--;
             int size = elementCount - location;
             if (size > 0) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarEntry.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarEntry.java
index f53f78f..381dd52 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarEntry.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarEntry.java
@@ -98,11 +98,11 @@
      * @see java.security.cert.Certificate
      */
     public Certificate[] getCertificates() {
-        if (null == parentJar) {
+        if (parentJar == null) {
             return null;
         }
         JarVerifier jarVerifier = parentJar.verifier;
-        if (null == jarVerifier) {
+        if (jarVerifier == null) {
             return null;
         }
         return jarVerifier.getCertificates(getName());
@@ -136,10 +136,10 @@
      * @see CodeSigner
      */
     public CodeSigner[] getCodeSigners() {
-        if (null == signers) {
+        if (signers == null) {
             signers = getCodeSigners(getCertificates());
         }
-        if (null == signers) {
+        if (signers == null) {
             return null;
         }
 
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
     }
 
     private CodeSigner[] getCodeSigners(Certificate[] certs) {
-        if (null == certs) {
+        if (certs == null) {
             return null;
         }
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
             X509Certificate x509 = (X509Certificate) element;
-            if (null != prevIssuer) {
+            if (prevIssuer != null) {
                 X500Principal subj = x509.getSubjectX500Principal();
                 if (!prevIssuer.equals(subj)) {
                     // Ok, this ends the previous chain,
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
                 isFactoryChecked = true;
             }
         }
-        if (null == factory) {
+        if (factory == null) {
             return;
         }
         try {
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
         } catch (CertificateException ex) {
             // do nothing
         }
-        if (null != certPath) {
+        if (certPath != null) {
             asigners.add(new CodeSigner(certPath, null));
         }
     }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarVerifier.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarVerifier.java
index f59ac13..cacafa0 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarVerifier.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/JarVerifier.java
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@
              * Recursive call in loading security provider related class which
              * is in a signed JAR.
              */
-            if (null == metaEntries) {
+            if (metaEntries == null) {
                 return;
             }
             if (signerCertChain != null) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/Manifest.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/Manifest.java
index 621626179..289032f 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/Manifest.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/jar/Manifest.java
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
         // replace EOF and NUL with another new line
         // which does not trigger an error
         byte b = buf[buf.length - 1];
-        if (0 == b || 26 == b) {
+        if (b == 0 || b == 26) {
             buf[buf.length - 1] = '\n';
         }
 
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/FileHandler.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/FileHandler.java
index 6847d8a..0735911 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/FileHandler.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/FileHandler.java
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
                  * if current process has held lock for this fileName continue
                  * to find next file
                  */
-                if (null != allLocks.get(fileName)) {
+                if (allLocks.get(fileName) != null) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (files[0].exists()
@@ -221,16 +221,16 @@
         super.initProperties("ALL", null, "java.util.logging.XMLFormatter",
                 null);
         String className = this.getClass().getName();
-        pattern = (null == p) ? getStringProperty(className + ".pattern",
+        pattern = (p == null) ? getStringProperty(className + ".pattern",
                 DEFAULT_PATTERN) : p;
         if (pattern == null || pattern.isEmpty()) {
             throw new NullPointerException("Pattern cannot be empty or null");
         }
-        append = (null == a) ? getBooleanProperty(className + ".append",
+        append = (a == null) ? getBooleanProperty(className + ".append",
                 DEFAULT_APPEND) : a.booleanValue();
-        count = (null == c) ? getIntProperty(className + ".count",
+        count = (c == null) ? getIntProperty(className + ".count",
                 DEFAULT_COUNT) : c.intValue();
-        limit = (null == l) ? getIntProperty(className + ".limit",
+        limit = (l == null) ? getIntProperty(className + ".limit",
                 DEFAULT_LIMIT) : l.intValue();
         count = count < 1 ? DEFAULT_COUNT : count;
         limit = limit < 0 ? DEFAULT_LIMIT : limit;
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
     // value
     private boolean getBooleanProperty(String key, boolean defaultValue) {
         String property = manager.getProperty(key);
-        if (null == property) {
+        if (property == null) {
             return defaultValue;
         }
         boolean result = defaultValue;
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
     private int getIntProperty(String key, int defaultValue) {
         String property = manager.getProperty(key);
         int result = defaultValue;
-        if (null != property) {
+        if (property != null) {
             try {
                 result = Integer.parseInt(property);
             } catch (Exception e) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Formatter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Formatter.java
index 2ad4b4f..5e8d98e 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Formatter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Formatter.java
@@ -65,21 +65,20 @@
         String pattern = r.getMessage();
         ResourceBundle rb = null;
         // try to localize the message string first
-        if (null != (rb = r.getResourceBundle())) {
+        if ((rb = r.getResourceBundle()) != null) {
             try {
                 pattern = rb.getString(pattern);
             } catch (Exception e) {
                 pattern = r.getMessage();
             }
         }
-        if (null != pattern) {
+        if (pattern != null) {
             Object[] params = r.getParameters();
             /*
              * if the message contains "{0", use java.text.MessageFormat to
              * format the string
              */
-            if (pattern.indexOf("{0") >= 0 && null != params
-                    && params.length > 0) {
+            if (pattern.indexOf("{0") >= 0 && params != null && params.length > 0) {
                 try {
                     pattern = MessageFormat.format(pattern, params);
                 } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Handler.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Handler.java
index 5a3937d..21e77d7 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Handler.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/Handler.java
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
     // get a instance from given class name, using Class.forName()
     private Object getDefaultInstance(String className) {
         Object result = null;
-        if (null == className) {
+        if (className == null) {
             return result;
         }
         try {
@@ -83,9 +83,8 @@
         Class<?> c = AccessController
                 .doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Class<?>>() {
                     public Class<?> run() throws Exception {
-                        ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread()
-                                .getContextClassLoader();
-                        if (null == loader) {
+                        ClassLoader loader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
+                        if (loader == null) {
                             loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
                         }
                         return loader.loadClass(className);
@@ -110,7 +109,7 @@
 
         // set filter
         final String filterName = manager.getProperty(prefix + ".filter");
-        if (null != filterName) {
+        if (filterName != null) {
             try {
                 filter = (Filter) getCustomizeInstance(filterName);
             } catch (Exception e1) {
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@
 
         // set level
         String levelName = manager.getProperty(prefix + ".level");
-        if (null != levelName) {
+        if (levelName != null) {
             try {
                 level = Level.parse(levelName);
             } catch (Exception e) {
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@
 
         // set formatter
         final String formatterName = manager.getProperty(prefix + ".formatter");
-        if (null != formatterName) {
+        if (formatterName != null) {
             try {
                 formatter = (Formatter) getCustomizeInstance(formatterName);
             } catch (Exception e) {
@@ -242,13 +241,13 @@
      *         otherwise {@code false}.
      */
     public boolean isLoggable(LogRecord record) {
-        if (null == record) {
+        if (record == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (this.level.intValue() == Level.OFF.intValue()) {
             return false;
         } else if (record.getLevel().intValue() >= this.level.intValue()) {
-            return null == this.filter || this.filter.isLoggable(record);
+            return this.filter == null || this.filter.isLoggable(record);
         }
         return false;
     }
@@ -324,7 +323,7 @@
      */
     public void setErrorManager(ErrorManager em) {
         LogManager.getLogManager().checkAccess();
-        if (null == em) {
+        if (em == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         this.errorMan = em;
@@ -352,7 +351,7 @@
      *            the formatter to set.
      */
     void internalSetFormatter(Formatter newFormatter) {
-        if (null == newFormatter) {
+        if (newFormatter == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         this.formatter = newFormatter;
@@ -387,7 +386,7 @@
      *             have the required permission.
      */
     public void setLevel(Level newLevel) {
-        if (null == newLevel) {
+        if (newLevel == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         LogManager.getLogManager().checkAccess();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogManager.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogManager.java
index d561f77..fac3602 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogManager.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogManager.java
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@
             public Object run() {
                 String className = System.getProperty("java.util.logging.manager");
 
-                if (null != className) {
+                if (className != null) {
                     manager = (LogManager) getInstanceByClass(className);
                 }
-                if (null == manager) {
+                if (manager == null) {
                     manager = new LogManager();
                 }
 
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@
      *             {@code LoggingPermission("control")}
      */
     public void checkAccess() {
-        if (null != System.getSecurityManager()) {
+        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
             System.getSecurityManager().checkPermission(perm);
         }
     }
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@
      */
     public synchronized boolean addLogger(Logger logger) {
         String name = logger.getName();
-        if (null != loggers.get(name)) {
+        if (loggers.get(name) != null) {
             return false;
         }
         addToFamilyTree(logger, name);
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
                 break;
             }
         }
-        if (parent == null && null != (parent = loggers.get(""))) {
+        if (parent == null && (parent = loggers.get("")) != null) {
             setParent(logger, parent);
         }
 
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@
                         return null;
                     }
                 });
-                if (null != oldParent) {
+                if (oldParent != null) {
                     // -- remove from old parent as the parent has been changed
                     oldParent.children.remove(child);
                 }
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@
 
         // parse property "config" and apply setting
         String configs = props.getProperty("config");
-        if (null != configs) {
+        if (configs != null) {
             StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(configs, " ");
             while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                 String configerName = st.nextToken();
@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@
         Collection<Logger> allLoggers = loggers.values();
         for (Logger logger : allLoggers) {
             String property = props.getProperty(logger.getName() + ".level");
-            if (null != property) {
+            if (property != null) {
                 logger.setLevel(Level.parse(property));
             }
         }
@@ -502,7 +502,7 @@
             }
         }
         Logger root = loggers.get("");
-        if (null != root) {
+        if (root != null) {
             root.setLevel(Level.INFO);
         }
     }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogRecord.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogRecord.java
index 0a9e2fb..fd34eb4 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogRecord.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/LogRecord.java
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@
         synchronized (LogRecord.class) {
             this.sequenceNumber = currentSequenceNumber++;
             Integer id = currentThreadId.get();
-            if (null == id) {
+            if (id == null) {
                 this.threadID = initThreadId;
                 currentThreadId.set(Integer.valueOf(initThreadId++));
             } else {
@@ -465,12 +465,12 @@
         out.defaultWriteObject();
         out.writeByte(MAJOR);
         out.writeByte(MINOR);
-        if (null == parameters) {
+        if (parameters == null) {
             out.writeInt(-1);
         } else {
             out.writeInt(parameters.length);
             for (Object element : parameters) {
-                out.writeObject(null == element ? null : element.toString());
+                out.writeObject((element == null) ? null : element.toString());
             }
         }
     }
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@
                 parameters[i] = in.readObject();
             }
         }
-        if (null != resourceBundleName) {
+        if (resourceBundleName != null) {
             try {
                 resourceBundle = Logger.loadResourceBundle(resourceBundleName);
             } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/MemoryHandler.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/MemoryHandler.java
index 08c36c9..4e7be49 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/MemoryHandler.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/MemoryHandler.java
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
         }
         // init size
         String sizeString = manager.getProperty(className + ".size");
-        if (null != sizeString) {
+        if (sizeString != null) {
             try {
                 size = Integer.parseInt(sizeString);
                 if (size <= 0) {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
         }
         // init push level
         String pushName = manager.getProperty(className + ".push");
-        if (null != pushName) {
+        if (pushName != null) {
             try {
                 push = Level.parse(pushName);
             } catch (Exception e) {
@@ -246,13 +246,13 @@
      */
     public void push() {
         for (int i = cursor; i < size; i++) {
-            if (null != buffer[i]) {
+            if (buffer[i] != null) {
                 target.publish(buffer[i]);
             }
             buffer[i] = null;
         }
         for (int i = 0; i < cursor; i++) {
-            if (null != buffer[i]) {
+            if (buffer[i] != null) {
                 target.publish(buffer[i]);
             }
             buffer[i] = null;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SimpleFormatter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SimpleFormatter.java
index f5e7996..38672e7 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SimpleFormatter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SimpleFormatter.java
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
                 LogManager.getSystemLineSeparator());
         sb.append(r.getLevel().getName()).append(": ");
         sb.append(formatMessage(r)).append(LogManager.getSystemLineSeparator());
-        if (null != r.getThrown()) {
+        if (r.getThrown() != null) {
             sb.append("Throwable occurred: ");
             Throwable t = r.getThrown();
             PrintWriter pw = null;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SocketHandler.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SocketHandler.java
index f227bc2..bcaee09 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SocketHandler.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/SocketHandler.java
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
     public void close() {
         try {
             super.close();
-            if (null != this.socket) {
+            if (this.socket != null) {
                 this.socket.close();
                 this.socket = null;
             }
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/StreamHandler.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/StreamHandler.java
index eec3e38..42a02a3 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/StreamHandler.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/StreamHandler.java
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@
     // initialize the writer
     private void initializeWriter() {
         this.writerNotInitialized = false;
-        if (null == getEncoding()) {
+        if (getEncoding() == null) {
             this.writer = new OutputStreamWriter(this.os);
         } else {
             try {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
      *             if {@code os} is {@code null}.
      */
     protected void setOutputStream(OutputStream os) {
-        if (null == os) {
+        if (os == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         LogManager.getLogManager().checkAccess();
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@
         this.flush();
         super.setEncoding(encoding);
         // renew writer only if the writer exists
-        if (null != this.writer) {
-            if (null == getEncoding()) {
+        if (this.writer != null) {
+            if (getEncoding() == null) {
                 this.writer = new OutputStreamWriter(this.os);
             } else {
                 try {
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@
      *            whether to close the underlying output stream.
      */
     void close(boolean closeStream) {
-        if (null != this.os) {
+        if (this.os != null) {
             if (this.writerNotInitialized) {
                 initializeWriter();
             }
@@ -263,9 +263,9 @@
      */
     @Override
     public void flush() {
-        if (null != this.os) {
+        if (this.os != null) {
             try {
-                if (null != this.writer) {
+                if (this.writer != null) {
                     this.writer.flush();
                 } else {
                     this.os.flush();
@@ -329,10 +329,10 @@
      */
     @Override
     public boolean isLoggable(LogRecord record) {
-        if (null == record) {
+        if (record == null) {
             return false;
         }
-        if (null != this.os && super.isLoggable(record)) {
+        if (this.os != null && super.isLoggable(record)) {
             return true;
         }
         return false;
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/XMLFormatter.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/XMLFormatter.java
index b83eeba..5e461c4 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/XMLFormatter.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/logging/XMLFormatter.java
@@ -68,18 +68,18 @@
                 ("</millis>")).append(lineSeperator);
         sb.append(indent).append(("<sequence>")).append(r.getSequenceNumber())
                 .append(("</sequence>")).append(lineSeperator);
-        if (null != r.getLoggerName()) {
+        if (r.getLoggerName() != null) {
             sb.append(indent).append(("<logger>")).append(r.getLoggerName())
                     .append(("</logger>")).append(lineSeperator);
         }
         sb.append(indent).append(("<level>")).append(r.getLevel().getName())
                 .append(("</level>")).append(lineSeperator);
-        if (null != r.getSourceClassName()) {
+        if (r.getSourceClassName() != null) {
             sb.append(indent).append(("<class>"))
                     .append(r.getSourceClassName()).append(("</class>"))
                     .append(lineSeperator);
         }
-        if (null != r.getSourceMethodName()) {
+        if (r.getSourceMethodName() != null) {
             sb.append(indent).append(("<method>")).append(
                     r.getSourceMethodName()).append(("</method>")).append(
                     lineSeperator);
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
         // to parse pattern string
         ResourceBundle rb = r.getResourceBundle();
         String pattern = r.getMessage();
-        if (null != rb && null != pattern) {
+        if (rb != null && pattern != null) {
             String message;
             try {
                 message = rb.getString(pattern);
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
                         r.getResourceBundleName()).append(("</catalog>"))
                         .append(lineSeperator);
             }
-        } else if (null != pattern) {
+        } else if (pattern != null) {
             sb.append(indent).append(("<message>")).append(pattern).append(
                     ("</message>")).append(lineSeperator);
         } else {
@@ -175,10 +175,10 @@
     @Override
     public String getHead(Handler h) {
         String encoding = null;
-        if (null != h) {
+        if (h != null) {
             encoding = h.getEncoding();
         }
-        if (null == encoding) {
+        if (encoding == null) {
             encoding = getSystemProperty("file.encoding");
         }
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/AbstractPreferences.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/AbstractPreferences.java
index be768c5..1ae2565 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/AbstractPreferences.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/AbstractPreferences.java
@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@
      *             parent} is not {@code null}.
      */
     protected AbstractPreferences(AbstractPreferences parent, String name) {
-        if ((null == parent ^ name.length() == 0) || name.indexOf("/") >= 0) {
+        if ((parent == null ^ name.length() == 0) || name.indexOf("/") >= 0) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException();
         }
-        root = null == parent ? this : parent.root;
+        root = (parent == null) ? this : parent.root;
         nodeChangeListeners = new LinkedList<EventListener>();
         preferenceChangeListeners = new LinkedList<EventListener>();
         isRemoved = false;
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@
         String[] names = path.split("/");
         AbstractPreferences currentNode = this;
         AbstractPreferences temp = null;
-        if (null != currentNode) {
+        if (currentNode != null) {
             for (int i = 0; i < names.length; i++) {
                 String name = names[i];
                 synchronized (currentNode.lock) {
@@ -573,7 +573,7 @@
                     }
                 }
                 currentNode = temp;
-                if (null == currentNode) {
+                if (currentNode == null) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public boolean nodeExists(String name) throws BackingStoreException {
-        if (null == name) {
+        if (name == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         AbstractPreferences startNode = null;
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@
         }
         try {
             Preferences result = startNode.nodeImpl(name, false);
-            return null == result ? false : true;
+            return (result != null);
         } catch(IllegalArgumentException e) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void put(String key, String value) {
-        if (null == key || null == value) {
+        if (key == null || value == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         if (key.length() > MAX_KEY_LENGTH || value.length() > MAX_VALUE_LENGTH) {
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@
             checkState();
             String[] childrenNames = childrenNamesSpi();
             for (int i = 0; i < childrenNames.length; i++) {
-                if (null == cachedNode.get(childrenNames[i])) {
+                if (cachedNode.get(childrenNames[i]) == null) {
                     AbstractPreferences child = childSpi(childrenNames[i]);
                     cachedNode.put(childrenNames[i], child);
                 }
@@ -739,7 +739,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void addNodeChangeListener(NodeChangeListener ncl) {
-        if (null == ncl) {
+        if (ncl == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         checkState();
@@ -750,7 +750,7 @@
 
     @Override
     public void addPreferenceChangeListener(PreferenceChangeListener pcl) {
-        if (null == pcl) {
+        if (pcl == null) {
             throw new NullPointerException();
         }
         checkState();
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/FilePreferencesImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/FilePreferencesImpl.java
index 5c10dca..0fd8466 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/FilePreferencesImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/FilePreferencesImpl.java
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 
             }
         });
-        if (null == names) {// file is not a directory, exception case
+        if (names == null) {// file is not a directory, exception case
             throw new BackingStoreException("Cannot get child names for " + toString()
                     + " (path is " + path + ")");
         }
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@
     @Override
     protected String getSpi(String key) {
         try {
-            if (null == prefs) {
+            if (prefs == null) {
                 prefs = XMLParser.loadFilePrefs(prefsFile);
             }
             return prefs.getProperty(key);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/Preferences.java b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/Preferences.java
index 707b3ba..94eb2ab 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/Preferences.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/java/util/prefs/Preferences.java
@@ -828,10 +828,9 @@
     //check the RuntimePermission("preferences")
     private static void checkSecurity() {
         SecurityManager manager = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if(null != manager){
+        if (manager != null){
             manager.checkPermission(PREFS_PERM);
         }
-
     }
 
     /**
@@ -862,7 +861,7 @@
     //parse node's absolute path from class instance
     private static String getNodeName(Class<?> c){
         Package p = c.getPackage();
-        if(null == p){
+        if (p == null){
             return "/<unnamed>";
         }
         return "/"+p.getName().replace('.', '/');
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/internal/net/www/protocol/ftp/FtpURLConnection.java b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/internal/net/www/protocol/ftp/FtpURLConnection.java
index bdd06db..2414154 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/internal/net/www/protocol/ftp/FtpURLConnection.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/internal/net/www/protocol/ftp/FtpURLConnection.java
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@
         // Use system-wide ProxySelect to select proxy list,
         // then try to connect via elements in the proxy list.
         List<Proxy> proxyList = null;
-        if (null != proxy) {
+        if (proxy != null) {
             proxyList = new ArrayList<Proxy>(1);
             proxyList.add(proxy);
         } else {
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@
                 proxyList = selector.select(uri);
             }
         }
-        if (null == proxyList) {
+        if (proxyList == null) {
             currentProxy = null;
             connectInternal();
         } else {
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@
                     failureReason = ioe.getLocalizedMessage();
                     // If connect failed, callback "connectFailed"
                     // should be invoked.
-                    if (null != selector && Proxy.NO_PROXY != currentProxy) {
+                    if (selector != null && Proxy.NO_PROXY != currentProxy) {
                         selector.connectFailed(uri, currentProxy.address(), ioe);
                     }
                 }
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
         if (port <= 0) {
             port = FTP_PORT;
         }
-        if (null == currentProxy || Proxy.Type.HTTP == currentProxy.type()) {
+        if (currentProxy == null || Proxy.Type.HTTP == currentProxy.type()) {
             controlSocket = new Socket();
         } else {
             controlSocket = new Socket(currentProxy);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/net/PlainSocketImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/net/PlainSocketImpl.java
index 18f6d6d..4952cf6 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/net/PlainSocketImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/net/PlainSocketImpl.java
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@
         // determined by ProxySelector.
         InetSocketAddress addr = (InetSocketAddress) proxy.address();
         proxyName = addr.getHostName();
-        if (null == proxyName) {
+        if (proxyName == null) {
             proxyName = addr.getAddress().getHostAddress();
         }
         return InetAddress.getByName(proxyName);
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/util/TwoKeyHashMap.java b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/util/TwoKeyHashMap.java
index b7d3097..086d561 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/util/TwoKeyHashMap.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/luni/util/TwoKeyHashMap.java
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@
      */
     public V remove(Object key1, Object key2) {
         Entry<E, K, V> e = removeEntry(key1, key2);
-        return null != e ? e.value : null;
+        return (e != null) ? e.value : null;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLSocketImpl.java b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLSocketImpl.java
index 9176940..fd298b9 100644
--- a/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLSocketImpl.java
+++ b/luni/src/main/java/org/apache/harmony/xnet/provider/jsse/OpenSSLSocketImpl.java
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@
                 if ((len | off) < 0 || len > b.length - off) {
                     throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
                 }
-                if (0 == len) {
+                if (len == 0) {
                     return 0;
                 }
                 return NativeCrypto.SSL_read(sslNativePointer, fd, OpenSSLSocketImpl.this,