Minimal changes to bring the resolver into the C++ era

It took surprisingly few changes, considering the leap from C with some
K&R constructs to C++17; most of the diffs are adding explicit pointer
casts and renaming variables called 'class' or 'try'.

As a result of building as C++, some of the names are now mangled,
making clashes with bionic harder. However, some names remain C due to
the __BEGIN_DECLS / __END_DECLS macros, scheduled to be removed in a
later cleanup pass.

Test: atest netd_integration_test

Change-Id: I3aefb9078421ec42f98f97d917785b365545feba
diff --git a/res_init.cpp b/res_init.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f21ebad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/res_init.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: res_init.c,v 1.8 2006/03/19 03:10:08 christos Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1985, 1989, 1993
+ *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ * 	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ * 	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
+ * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
+ * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
+ * specific, written prior permission.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
+ * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
+ * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+ * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+ * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2004 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-1999 by Internet Software Consortium.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
+ * OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* ensure that sockaddr_in6 and IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT are declared / defined */
+#include "resolv_netid.h"
+#include "resolv_private.h"
+
+#include "res_private.h"
+
+/* Options.  Should all be left alone. */
+#ifndef DEBUG
+#define DEBUG
+#endif
+
+static void res_setoptions(res_state, const char*, const char*);
+
+/*
+ * Resolver state default settings.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Set up default settings.  If the configuration file exist, the values
+ * there will have precedence.  Otherwise, the server address is set to
+ * INADDR_ANY and the default domain name comes from the gethostname().
+ *
+ * An interrim version of this code (BIND 4.9, pre-4.4BSD) used 127.0.0.1
+ * rather than INADDR_ANY ("0.0.0.0") as the default name server address
+ * since it was noted that INADDR_ANY actually meant ``the first interface
+ * you "ifconfig"'d at boot time'' and if this was a SLIP or PPP interface,
+ * it had to be "up" in order for you to reach your own name server.  It
+ * was later decided that since the recommended practice is to always
+ * install local static routes through 127.0.0.1 for all your network
+ * interfaces, that we could solve this problem without a code change.
+ *
+ * The configuration file should always be used, since it is the only way
+ * to specify a default domain.  If you are running a server on your local
+ * machine, you should say "nameserver 0.0.0.0" or "nameserver 127.0.0.1"
+ * in the configuration file.
+ *
+ * Return 0 if completes successfully, -1 on error
+ */
+int res_ninit(res_state statp) {
+    extern int __res_vinit(res_state, int);
+
+    return (__res_vinit(statp, 0));
+}
+
+/* This function has to be reachable by res_data.c but not publicly. */
+int __res_vinit(res_state statp, int preinit) {
+    char *cp, **pp;
+    char buf[BUFSIZ];
+    int nserv = 0; /* number of nameserver records read from file */
+    int havesearch = 0;
+    int dots;
+    union res_sockaddr_union u[2];
+
+    if ((statp->options & RES_INIT) != 0U) res_ndestroy(statp);
+
+    if (!preinit) {
+        statp->netid = NETID_UNSET;
+        statp->retrans = RES_TIMEOUT;
+        statp->retry = RES_DFLRETRY;
+        statp->options = RES_DEFAULT;
+        statp->id = res_randomid();
+        statp->_mark = MARK_UNSET;
+    }
+
+    memset(u, 0, sizeof(u));
+    u[nserv].sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+    u[nserv].sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    u[nserv].sin.sin_port = htons(NAMESERVER_PORT);
+    nserv++;
+    statp->nscount = 0;
+    statp->ndots = 1;
+    statp->pfcode = 0;
+    statp->_vcsock = -1;
+    statp->_flags = 0;
+    statp->qhook = NULL;
+    statp->rhook = NULL;
+    statp->_u._ext.nscount = 0;
+    statp->_u._ext.ext = (struct __res_state_ext*) malloc(sizeof(*statp->_u._ext.ext));
+    if (statp->_u._ext.ext != NULL) {
+        memset(statp->_u._ext.ext, 0, sizeof(*statp->_u._ext.ext));
+        statp->_u._ext.ext->nsaddrs[0].sin = statp->nsaddr;
+        strcpy(statp->_u._ext.ext->nsuffix, "ip6.arpa");
+        strcpy(statp->_u._ext.ext->nsuffix2, "ip6.int");
+    }
+    statp->nsort = 0;
+    res_setservers(statp, u, nserv);
+
+    if (statp->defdname[0] == 0 && gethostname(buf, sizeof(statp->defdname) - 1) == 0 &&
+        (cp = strchr(buf, '.')) != NULL)
+        strcpy(statp->defdname, cp + 1);
+
+    /* find components of local domain that might be searched */
+    if (havesearch == 0) {
+        pp = statp->dnsrch;
+        *pp++ = statp->defdname;
+        *pp = NULL;
+
+        dots = 0;
+        for (cp = statp->defdname; *cp; cp++) dots += (*cp == '.');
+
+        cp = statp->defdname;
+        while (pp < statp->dnsrch + MAXDFLSRCH) {
+            if (dots < LOCALDOMAINPARTS) break;
+            cp = strchr(cp, '.') + 1; /* we know there is one */
+            *pp++ = cp;
+            dots--;
+        }
+        *pp = NULL;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) {
+            printf(";; res_init()... default dnsrch list:\n");
+            for (pp = statp->dnsrch; *pp; pp++) printf(";;\t%s\n", *pp);
+            printf(";;\t..END..\n");
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if ((cp = getenv("RES_OPTIONS")) != NULL) res_setoptions(statp, cp, "env");
+    if (nserv > 0) {
+        statp->nscount = nserv;
+        statp->options |= RES_INIT;
+    }
+    return (0);
+}
+
+static void res_setoptions(res_state statp, const char* options, const char* source) {
+    const char* cp = options;
+    int i;
+    struct __res_state_ext* ext = statp->_u._ext.ext;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
+        printf(";; res_setoptions(\"%s\", \"%s\")...\n", options, source);
+#endif
+    while (*cp) {
+        /* skip leading and inner runs of spaces */
+        while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t') cp++;
+        /* search for and process individual options */
+        if (!strncmp(cp, "ndots:", sizeof("ndots:") - 1)) {
+            i = atoi(cp + sizeof("ndots:") - 1);
+            if (i <= RES_MAXNDOTS)
+                statp->ndots = i;
+            else
+                statp->ndots = RES_MAXNDOTS;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+            if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";;\tndots=%d\n", statp->ndots);
+#endif
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "timeout:", sizeof("timeout:") - 1)) {
+            i = atoi(cp + sizeof("timeout:") - 1);
+            if (i <= RES_MAXRETRANS)
+                statp->retrans = i;
+            else
+                statp->retrans = RES_MAXRETRANS;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+            if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";;\ttimeout=%d\n", statp->retrans);
+#endif
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "attempts:", sizeof("attempts:") - 1)) {
+            i = atoi(cp + sizeof("attempts:") - 1);
+            if (i <= RES_MAXRETRY)
+                statp->retry = i;
+            else
+                statp->retry = RES_MAXRETRY;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+            if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";;\tattempts=%d\n", statp->retry);
+#endif
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "debug", sizeof("debug") - 1)) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+            if (!(statp->options & RES_DEBUG)) {
+                printf(";; res_setoptions(\"%s\", \"%s\")..\n", options, source);
+                statp->options |= RES_DEBUG;
+            }
+            printf(";;\tdebug\n");
+#endif
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "no_tld_query", sizeof("no_tld_query") - 1) ||
+                   !strncmp(cp, "no-tld-query", sizeof("no-tld-query") - 1)) {
+            statp->options |= RES_NOTLDQUERY;
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "inet6", sizeof("inet6") - 1)) {
+            statp->options |= RES_USE_INET6;
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "rotate", sizeof("rotate") - 1)) {
+            statp->options |= RES_ROTATE;
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "no-check-names", sizeof("no-check-names") - 1)) {
+            statp->options |= RES_NOCHECKNAME;
+        }
+#ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
+        else if (!strncmp(cp, "edns0", sizeof("edns0") - 1)) {
+            statp->options |= RES_USE_EDNS0;
+        }
+#endif
+        else if (!strncmp(cp, "dname", sizeof("dname") - 1)) {
+            statp->options |= RES_USE_DNAME;
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "nibble:", sizeof("nibble:") - 1)) {
+            if (ext == NULL) goto skip;
+            cp += sizeof("nibble:") - 1;
+            i = MIN(strcspn(cp, " \t"), sizeof(ext->nsuffix) - 1);
+            strncpy(ext->nsuffix, cp, (size_t) i);
+            ext->nsuffix[i] = '\0';
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "nibble2:", sizeof("nibble2:") - 1)) {
+            if (ext == NULL) goto skip;
+            cp += sizeof("nibble2:") - 1;
+            i = MIN(strcspn(cp, " \t"), sizeof(ext->nsuffix2) - 1);
+            strncpy(ext->nsuffix2, cp, (size_t) i);
+            ext->nsuffix2[i] = '\0';
+        } else if (!strncmp(cp, "v6revmode:", sizeof("v6revmode:") - 1)) {
+            cp += sizeof("v6revmode:") - 1;
+            /* "nibble" and "bitstring" used to be valid */
+            if (!strncmp(cp, "single", sizeof("single") - 1)) {
+                statp->options |= RES_NO_NIBBLE2;
+            } else if (!strncmp(cp, "both", sizeof("both") - 1)) {
+                statp->options &= ~RES_NO_NIBBLE2;
+            }
+        } else {
+            /* XXX - print a warning here? */
+        }
+    skip:
+        /* skip to next run of spaces */
+        while (*cp && *cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t') cp++;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * This routine is for closing the socket if a virtual circuit is used and
+ * the program wants to close it.  This provides support for endhostent()
+ * which expects to close the socket.
+ *
+ * This routine is not expected to be user visible.
+ */
+void res_nclose(res_state statp) {
+    int ns;
+
+    if (statp->_vcsock >= 0) {
+        (void) close(statp->_vcsock);
+        statp->_vcsock = -1;
+        statp->_flags &= ~(RES_F_VC | RES_F_CONN);
+    }
+    for (ns = 0; ns < statp->_u._ext.nscount; ns++) {
+        if (statp->_u._ext.nssocks[ns] != -1) {
+            (void) close(statp->_u._ext.nssocks[ns]);
+            statp->_u._ext.nssocks[ns] = -1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void res_ndestroy(res_state statp) {
+    res_nclose(statp);
+    if (statp->_u._ext.ext != NULL) free(statp->_u._ext.ext);
+    statp->options &= ~RES_INIT;
+    statp->_u._ext.ext = NULL;
+}
+
+const char* res_get_nibblesuffix(res_state statp) {
+    if (statp->_u._ext.ext) return (statp->_u._ext.ext->nsuffix);
+    return ("ip6.arpa");
+}
+
+const char* res_get_nibblesuffix2(res_state statp) {
+    if (statp->_u._ext.ext) return (statp->_u._ext.ext->nsuffix2);
+    return ("ip6.int");
+}
+
+void res_setservers(res_state statp, const union res_sockaddr_union* set, int cnt) {
+    int i, nserv;
+    size_t size;
+
+    /* close open servers */
+    res_nclose(statp);
+
+    /* cause rtt times to be forgotten */
+    statp->_u._ext.nscount = 0;
+
+    nserv = 0;
+    for (i = 0; i < cnt && nserv < MAXNS; i++) {
+        switch (set->sin.sin_family) {
+            case AF_INET:
+                size = sizeof(set->sin);
+                if (statp->_u._ext.ext)
+                    memcpy(&statp->_u._ext.ext->nsaddrs[nserv], &set->sin, size);
+                if (size <= sizeof(statp->nsaddr_list[nserv]))
+                    memcpy(&statp->nsaddr_list[nserv], &set->sin, size);
+                else
+                    statp->nsaddr_list[nserv].sin_family = 0;
+                nserv++;
+                break;
+
+#ifdef HAS_INET6_STRUCTS
+            case AF_INET6:
+                size = sizeof(set->sin6);
+                if (statp->_u._ext.ext)
+                    memcpy(&statp->_u._ext.ext->nsaddrs[nserv], &set->sin6, size);
+                if (size <= sizeof(statp->nsaddr_list[nserv]))
+                    memcpy(&statp->nsaddr_list[nserv], &set->sin6, size);
+                else
+                    statp->nsaddr_list[nserv].sin_family = 0;
+                nserv++;
+                break;
+#endif
+
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        set++;
+    }
+    statp->nscount = nserv;
+}
+
+int res_getservers(res_state statp, union res_sockaddr_union* set, int cnt) {
+    int i;
+    size_t size;
+    uint16_t family;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < statp->nscount && i < cnt; i++) {
+        if (statp->_u._ext.ext)
+            family = statp->_u._ext.ext->nsaddrs[i].sin.sin_family;
+        else
+            family = statp->nsaddr_list[i].sin_family;
+
+        switch (family) {
+            case AF_INET:
+                size = sizeof(set->sin);
+                if (statp->_u._ext.ext)
+                    memcpy(&set->sin, &statp->_u._ext.ext->nsaddrs[i], size);
+                else
+                    memcpy(&set->sin, &statp->nsaddr_list[i], size);
+                break;
+
+#ifdef HAS_INET6_STRUCTS
+            case AF_INET6:
+                size = sizeof(set->sin6);
+                if (statp->_u._ext.ext)
+                    memcpy(&set->sin6, &statp->_u._ext.ext->nsaddrs[i], size);
+                else
+                    memcpy(&set->sin6, &statp->nsaddr_list[i], size);
+                break;
+#endif
+
+            default:
+                set->sin.sin_family = 0;
+                break;
+        }
+        set++;
+    }
+    return (statp->nscount);
+}
+
+void res_setnetcontext(res_state statp, const struct android_net_context* netcontext) {
+    if (statp != NULL) {
+        statp->netid = netcontext->dns_netid;
+        statp->_mark = netcontext->dns_mark;
+        statp->qhook = netcontext->qhook;
+        if (netcontext->flags & NET_CONTEXT_FLAG_USE_EDNS) {
+            statp->options |= RES_USE_EDNS0 | RES_USE_DNSSEC;
+        }
+    }
+}