More robust database upgrade logic.

Idiomatic database upgrade logic is progressive, so we only need to
make a single call in passing to update the schema.  Restructure the
existing upgrade steps to follow this design, and add tests that
confirm upgrade and downgrade behavior for the last several major
letter releases.

Bug: 122248315
Test: atest MediaProviderTests
Change-Id: Ia48c4a92741aef31c4308fe399d4cdb44fbc8a53
2 files changed