diff --git a/nl80211_message.cc b/nl80211_message.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fb4826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nl80211_message.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,1447 @@
+// Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+//
+// This code is derived from the 'iw' source code.  The copyright and license
+// of that code is as follows:
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2007, 2008  Johannes Berg
+// Copyright (c) 2007  Andy Lutomirski
+// Copyright (c) 2007  Mike Kershaw
+// Copyright (c) 2008-2009  Luis R. Rodriguez
+//
+// Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+// purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+// copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+// WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+// ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+// WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+// ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+// OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+
+#include "shill/nl80211_message.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <endian.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/nl80211.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <netlink/attr.h>
+#include <netlink/genl/ctrl.h>
+#include <netlink/genl/family.h>
+#include <netlink/genl/genl.h>
+#include <netlink/msg.h>
+#include <netlink/netlink.h>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <base/format_macros.h>
+#include <base/stl_util.h>
+#include <base/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include "shill/attribute_list.h"
+#include "shill/ieee80211.h"
+#include "shill/logging.h"
+#include "shill/netlink_socket.h"
+#include "shill/nl80211_attribute.h"
+#include "shill/scope_logger.h"
+
+using base::LazyInstance;
+using base::StringAppendF;
+using base::StringPrintf;
+using std::map;
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+
+namespace shill {
+
+namespace {
+LazyInstance<Nl80211MessageDataCollector> g_datacollector =
+    LAZY_INSTANCE_INITIALIZER;
+}  // namespace
+
+const char Nl80211Message::kBogusMacAddress[]="XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX";
+
+const uint8_t Nl80211Frame::kMinimumFrameByteCount = 26;
+const uint8_t Nl80211Frame::kFrameTypeMask = 0xfc;
+
+const uint32_t Nl80211Message::kIllegalMessage = 0;
+const unsigned int Nl80211Message::kEthernetAddressBytes = 6;
+map<uint16_t, string> *Nl80211Message::reason_code_string_ = NULL;
+map<uint16_t, string> *Nl80211Message::status_code_string_ = NULL;
+
+// The nl messages look like this:
+//
+//       XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-nlmsg_total_size-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+//       XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX-nlmsg_msg_size-XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
+//               +-- gnhl                        nlmsg_tail(hdr) --+
+//               |                               nlmsg_next(hdr) --+
+//               v        XXXXXXXXXXXX-nlmsg_len-XXXXXXXXXXXXXX    V
+// -----+-----+-+----------------------------------------------+-++----
+//  ... |     | |                payload                       | ||
+//      |     | +------+-+--------+-+--------------------------+ ||
+//      | nl  | |      | |        | |      attribs             | ||
+//      | msg |p| genl |p| family |p+------+-+-------+-+-------+p|| ...
+//      | hdr |a| msg  |a| header |a| nl   |p| pay   |p|       |a||
+//      |     |d| hdr  |d|        |d| attr |a| load  |a| ...   |d||
+//      |     | |      | |        | |      |d|       |d|       | ||
+// -----+-----+-+----------------------------------------------+-++----
+//       ^       ^                   ^        ^
+//       |       |                   |        XXXXXXX <-- nla_len(nlattr)
+//       |       |                   |        +-- nla_data(nlattr)
+//       |       |                   X-nla_total_size-X
+//       |       |                   XXXXX-nlmsg_attrlen-XXXXXX
+//       |       +-- nlmsg_data(hdr) +-- nlmsg_attrdata()
+//       +-- msg = nlmsg_hdr(raw_message)
+
+//
+// Nl80211Message
+//
+
+// TODO(wdg): do the nlattr parsing inside here.
+bool Nl80211Message::Init(nlattr *tb[NL80211_ATTR_MAX + 1],
+                          nlmsghdr *msg) {
+  if (!tb) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Null |tb| parameter";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  message_ = msg;
+
+  SLOG(WiFi, 6) << "NL Message " << sequence_number() << " <===";
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < NL80211_ATTR_MAX + 1; ++i) {
+    if (tb[i]) {
+      attributes_.CreateAndInitFromNlAttr(static_cast<nl80211_attrs>(i), tb[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Convert integer values provided by libnl (for example, from the
+  // NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE or NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE attribute) into
+  // strings describing the status.
+  if (!reason_code_string_) {
+    reason_code_string_ = new map<uint16_t, string>;
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeUnspecified] =
+        "Unspecified reason";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kReasonCodePreviousAuthenticationInvalid] =
+        "Previous authentication no longer valid";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeSenderHasLeft] =
+        "Deauthentcated because sending STA is leaving (or has left) IBSS or "
+        "ESS";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeInactivity] =
+        "Disassociated due to inactivity";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeTooManySTAs] =
+        "Disassociated because AP is unable to handle all currently associated "
+        "STAs";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeNonAuthenticated] =
+        "Class 2 frame received from nonauthenticated STA";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeNonAssociated] =
+        "Class 3 frame received from nonassociated STA";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeDisassociatedHasLeft] =
+        "Disassociated because sending STA is leaving (or has left) BSS";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeReassociationNotAuthenticated] =
+        "STA requesting (re)association is not authenticated with responding "
+        "STA";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeUnacceptablePowerCapability] =
+        "Disassociated because the information in the Power Capability "
+        "element is unacceptable";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeUnacceptableSupportedChannelInfo] =
+        "Disassociated because the information in the Supported Channels "
+        "element is unacceptable";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeInvalidInfoElement] =
+        "Invalid information element, i.e., an information element defined in "
+        "this standard for which the content does not meet the specifications "
+        "in Clause 7";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeMICFailure] =
+        "Message integrity code (MIC) failure";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCode4WayTimeout] =
+        "4-Way Handshake timeout";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeGroupKeyHandshakeTimeout] =
+        "Group Key Handshake timeout";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeDifferenIE] =
+        "Information element in 4-Way Handshake different from "
+        "(Re)Association Request/Probe Response/Beacon frame";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeGroupCipherInvalid] =
+        "Invalid group cipher";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodePairwiseCipherInvalid] =
+        "Invalid pairwise cipher";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeAkmpInvalid] =
+        "Invalid AKMP";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeUnsupportedRsnIeVersion] =
+        "Unsupported RSN information element version";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeInvalidRsnIeCaps] =
+        "Invalid RSN information element capabilities";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCode8021XAuth] =
+        "IEEE 802.1X authentication failed";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeCipherSuiteRejected] =
+        "Cipher suite rejected because of the security policy";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeUnspecifiedQoS] =
+        "Disassociated for unspecified, QoS-related reason";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeQoSBandwidth] =
+        "Disassociated because QoS AP lacks sufficient bandwidth for this "
+        "QoS STA";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeiPoorConditions] =
+        "Disassociated because excessive number of frames need to be "
+        "acknowledged, but are not acknowledged due to AP transmissions "
+        "and/or poor channel conditions";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeOutsideTxop] =
+        "Disassociated because STA is transmitting outside the limits of its "
+        "TXOPs";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeStaLeaving] =
+        "Requested from peer STA as the STA is leaving the BSS (or resetting)";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeUnacceptableMechanism] =
+        "Requested from peer STA as it does not want to use the mechanism";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeSetupRequired] =
+        "Requested from peer STA as the STA received frames using the "
+        "mechanism for which a setup is required";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeTimeout] =
+        "Requested from peer STA due to timeout";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeCipherSuiteNotSupported] =
+        "Peer STA does not support the requested cipher suite";
+    (*reason_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeInvalid] = "<INVALID REASON>";
+  }
+
+  if (!status_code_string_) {
+    status_code_string_ = new map<uint16_t, string>;
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeSuccessful] = "Successful";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeFailure] =
+        "Unspecified failure";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeAllCapabilitiesNotSupported] =
+        "Cannot support all requested capabilities in the capability "
+        "information field";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeCantConfirmAssociation] =
+        "Reassociation denied due to inability to confirm that association "
+        "exists";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeAssociationDenied] =
+        "Association denied due to reason outside the scope of this standard";
+    (*status_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeAuthenticationUnsupported] =
+        "Responding station does not support the specified authentication "
+        "algorithm";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeOutOfSequence] =
+        "Received an authentication frame with authentication transaction "
+        "sequence number out of expected sequence";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeChallengeFailure] =
+        "Authentication rejected because of challenge failure";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeFrameTimeout] =
+        "Authentication rejected due to timeout waiting for next frame in "
+        "sequence";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeMaxSta] =
+        "Association denied because AP is unable to handle additional "
+        "associated STA";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeDataRateUnsupported] =
+        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting all of "
+        "the data rates in the BSSBasicRateSet parameter";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeShortPreambleUnsupported] =
+        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting the "
+        "short preamble option";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodePbccUnsupported] =
+        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting the PBCC "
+        "modulation option";
+    (*status_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeChannelAgilityUnsupported] =
+        "Association denied due to requesting station not supporting the "
+        "channel agility option";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeNeedSpectrumManagement] =
+        "Association request rejected because Spectrum Management capability "
+        "is required";
+    (*status_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeUnacceptablePowerCapability] =
+        "Association request rejected because the information in the Power "
+        "Capability element is unacceptable";
+    (*status_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeUnacceptableSupportedChannelInfo] =
+        "Association request rejected because the information in the "
+        "Supported Channels element is unacceptable";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeShortTimeSlotRequired] =
+        "Association request rejected due to requesting station not "
+        "supporting the Short Slot Time option";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeDssOfdmRequired] =
+        "Association request rejected due to requesting station not "
+        "supporting the DSSS-OFDM option";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeQosFailure] =
+        "Unspecified, QoS related failure";
+    (*status_code_string_)[
+        IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeInsufficientBandwithForQsta] =
+        "Association denied due to QAP having insufficient bandwidth to handle "
+        "another QSTA";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodePoorConditions] =
+        "Association denied due to poor channel conditions";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeQosNotSupported] =
+        "Association (with QoS BSS) denied due to requesting station not "
+        "supporting the QoS facility";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeDeclined] =
+        "The request has been declined";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeInvalidParameterValues] =
+        "The request has not been successful as one or more parameters have "
+        "invalid values";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeCannotBeHonored] =
+        "The TS has not been created because the request cannot be honored. "
+        "However, a suggested Tspec is provided so that the initiating QSTA "
+        "may attempt to send another TS with the suggested changes to the "
+        "TSpec";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeInvalidInfoElement] =
+        "Invalid Information Element";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeGroupCipherInvalid] =
+        "Invalid Group Cipher";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodePairwiseCipherInvalid] =
+        "Invalid Pairwise Cipher";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeAkmpInvalid] = "Invalid AKMP";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeUnsupportedRsnIeVersion] =
+        "Unsupported RSN Information Element version";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeInvalidRsnIeCaps] =
+        "Invalid RSN Information Element Capabilities";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeCipherSuiteRejected] =
+        "Cipher suite is rejected per security policy";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeTsDelayNotMet] =
+        "The TS has not been created. However, the HC may be capable of "
+        "creating a TS, in response to a request, after the time indicated in "
+        "the TS Delay element";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeDirectLinkIllegal] =
+        "Direct link is not allowed in the BSS by policy";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeStaNotInBss] =
+        "Destination STA is not present within this BSS";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeStaNotInQsta] =
+        "The destination STA is not a QoS STA";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeExcessiveListenInterval] =
+        "Association denied because Listen Interval is too large";
+    (*status_code_string_)[IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeInvalid] = "<INVALID STATUS>";
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Helper function to provide a string for a MAC address.
+bool Nl80211Message::GetMacAttributeString(nl80211_attrs id,
+                                           string *value) const {
+  if (!value) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Null |value| parameter";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ByteString data;
+  if (!attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(id, &data)) {
+    value->assign(kBogusMacAddress);
+    return false;
+  }
+  value->assign(StringFromMacAddress(data.GetConstData()));
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Helper function to provide a string for NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES.
+bool Nl80211Message::GetScanFrequenciesAttribute(
+    nl80211_attrs id, vector<uint32_t> *value) const {
+  if (!value) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Null |value| parameter";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  value->clear();
+  ByteString rawdata;
+  if (!attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(id, &rawdata) && !rawdata.IsEmpty())
+    return false;
+
+  nlattr *nst = NULL;
+  // |nla_for_each_attr| requires a non-const parameter even though it
+  // doesn't change the data.
+  nlattr *attr_data = reinterpret_cast<nlattr *>(rawdata.GetData());
+  int rem_nst;
+  int len = rawdata.GetLength();
+
+  nla_for_each_attr(nst, attr_data, len, rem_nst) {
+    value->push_back(Nl80211Attribute::NlaGetU32(nst));
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Helper function to provide a string for NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS.
+bool Nl80211Message::GetScanSsidsAttribute(
+    nl80211_attrs id, vector<string> *value) const {
+  if (!value) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Null |value| parameter";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ByteString rawdata;
+  if (!attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(id, &rawdata) || rawdata.IsEmpty())
+    return false;
+
+  nlattr *nst = NULL;
+  // |nla_for_each_attr| requires a non-const parameter even though it
+  // doesn't change the data.
+  nlattr *data = reinterpret_cast<nlattr *>(rawdata.GetData());
+  int rem_nst;
+  int len = rawdata.GetLength();
+
+  nla_for_each_attr(nst, data, len, rem_nst) {
+    value->push_back(StringFromSsid(nla_len(nst),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(
+                                      nla_data(nst))).c_str());
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Protected members.
+
+string Nl80211Message::GetHeaderString() const {
+  char ifname[IF_NAMESIZE] = "";
+  uint32_t ifindex = UINT32_MAX;
+  bool ifindex_exists = attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX,
+                                                          &ifindex);
+
+  uint32_t wifi = UINT32_MAX;
+  bool wifi_exists = attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY,
+                                                       &wifi);
+
+  string output;
+  if (ifindex_exists && wifi_exists) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, "%s (phy #%" PRIu32 "): ",
+                  (if_indextoname(ifindex, ifname) ? ifname : "<unknown>"),
+                  wifi);
+  } else if (ifindex_exists) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, "%s: ",
+                  (if_indextoname(ifindex, ifname) ? ifname : "<unknown>"));
+  } else if (wifi_exists) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, "phy #%" PRIu32 "u: ", wifi);
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromFrame(nl80211_attrs attr_name) const {
+  string output;
+  ByteString frame_data;
+  if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(attr_name,
+                                        &frame_data) && !frame_data.IsEmpty()) {
+    Nl80211Frame frame(frame_data);
+    frame.ToString(&output);
+  } else {
+    output.append(" [no frame]");
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+// static
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromKeyType(nl80211_key_type key_type) {
+  switch (key_type) {
+  case NL80211_KEYTYPE_GROUP:
+    return "Group";
+  case NL80211_KEYTYPE_PAIRWISE:
+    return "Pairwise";
+  case NL80211_KEYTYPE_PEERKEY:
+    return "PeerKey";
+  default:
+    return "<Unknown Key Type>";
+  }
+}
+
+// static
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromMacAddress(const uint8_t *arg) {
+  string output;
+
+  if (!arg) {
+    output = kBogusMacAddress;
+    LOG(ERROR) << "|arg| parameter is NULL.";
+  } else {
+    StringAppendF(&output, "%02x", arg[0]);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 1; i < kEthernetAddressBytes ; ++i) {
+      StringAppendF(&output, ":%02x", arg[i]);
+    }
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+// static
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromRegInitiator(__u8 initiator) {
+  switch (initiator) {
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_CORE:
+    return "the wireless core upon initialization";
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_USER:
+    return "a user";
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_DRIVER:
+    return "a driver";
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_SET_BY_COUNTRY_IE:
+    return "a country IE";
+  default:
+    return "<Unknown Reg Initiator>";
+  }
+}
+
+// static
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromSsid(const uint8_t len,
+                                          const uint8_t *data) {
+  string output;
+  if (!data) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, "<Error from %s, NULL parameter>", __func__);
+    LOG(ERROR) << "|data| parameter is NULL.";
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    if (data[i] == ' ')
+      output.append(" ");
+    else if (isprint(data[i]))
+      StringAppendF(&output, "%c", static_cast<char>(data[i]));
+    else
+      StringAppendF(&output, "\\x%2x", data[i]);
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+// static
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromReason(uint16_t status) {
+  map<uint16_t, string>::const_iterator match;
+  match = reason_code_string_->find(status);
+  if (match == reason_code_string_->end()) {
+    string output;
+    if (status < IEEE_80211::kReasonCodeMax) {
+      StringAppendF(&output, "<Reserved Reason:%u>", status);
+    } else {
+      StringAppendF(&output, "<Unknown Reason:%u>", status);
+    }
+    return output;
+  }
+  return match->second;
+}
+
+// static
+string Nl80211Message::StringFromStatus(uint16_t status) {
+  map<uint16_t, string>::const_iterator match;
+  match = status_code_string_->find(status);
+  if (match == status_code_string_->end()) {
+    string output;
+    if (status < IEEE_80211::kStatusCodeMax) {
+      StringAppendF(&output, "<Reserved Status:%u>", status);
+    } else {
+      StringAppendF(&output, "<Unknown Status:%u>", status);
+    }
+    return output;
+  }
+  return match->second;
+}
+
+string Nl80211Message::GenericToString() const {
+  string output;
+  StringAppendF(&output, "Message %s (%d)\n",
+                message_type_string(), message_type());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "%s", attributes_.ToString().c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+ByteString Nl80211Message::Encode(uint16_t nlmsg_type) const {
+  // Build netlink header.
+  nlmsghdr header;
+  size_t nlmsghdr_with_pad = NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(header));
+  header.nlmsg_len = nlmsghdr_with_pad;
+  header.nlmsg_type = nlmsg_type;
+  header.nlmsg_flags = NLM_F_REQUEST;
+  header.nlmsg_seq = sequence_number();
+  header.nlmsg_pid = getpid();
+
+  // Build genl message header.
+  genlmsghdr genl_header;
+  size_t genlmsghdr_with_pad = NLMSG_ALIGN(sizeof(genl_header));
+  header.nlmsg_len += genlmsghdr_with_pad;
+  genl_header.cmd = message_type();
+  genl_header.version = 1;
+  genl_header.reserved = 0;
+
+  // Assemble attributes (padding is included by AttributeList::Encode).
+  ByteString attributes = attributes_.Encode();
+  header.nlmsg_len += attributes.GetLength();
+
+  // Now that we know the total message size, build the output ByteString.
+  ByteString result;
+
+  // Netlink header + pad.
+  result.Append(ByteString(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(&header),
+                           sizeof(header)));
+  result.Resize(nlmsghdr_with_pad);  // Zero-fill pad space (if any).
+
+  // Genl message header + pad.
+  result.Append(ByteString(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(&genl_header),
+                           sizeof(genl_header)));
+  result.Resize(nlmsghdr_with_pad + genlmsghdr_with_pad);  // Zero-fill.
+
+  // Attributes including pad.
+  result.Append(attributes);
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+Nl80211Frame::Nl80211Frame(const ByteString &raw_frame)
+  : frame_type_(kIllegalFrameType), reason_(UINT16_MAX), status_(UINT16_MAX),
+    frame_(raw_frame) {
+  const IEEE_80211::ieee80211_frame *frame =
+      reinterpret_cast<const IEEE_80211::ieee80211_frame *>(
+          frame_.GetConstData());
+
+  // Now, let's populate the other stuff.
+  if (frame_.GetLength() >= kMinimumFrameByteCount) {
+    mac_from_ =
+        Nl80211Message::StringFromMacAddress(&frame->destination_mac[0]);
+    mac_to_ = Nl80211Message::StringFromMacAddress(&frame->source_mac[0]);
+    frame_type_ = frame->frame_control & kFrameTypeMask;
+
+    switch (frame_type_) {
+    case kAssocResponseFrameType:
+    case kReassocResponseFrameType:
+      status_ = le16toh(frame->u.associate_response.status_code);
+      break;
+
+    case kAuthFrameType:
+      status_ = le16toh(frame->u.authentiate_message.status_code);
+      break;
+
+    case kDisassocFrameType:
+    case kDeauthFrameType:
+      reason_ = le16toh(frame->u.deauthentiate_message.reason_code);
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool Nl80211Frame::ToString(string *output) const {
+  if (!output) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "NULL |output|";
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (frame_.IsEmpty()) {
+    output->append(" [no frame]");
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (frame_.GetLength() < kMinimumFrameByteCount) {
+    output->append(" [invalid frame: ");
+  } else {
+    StringAppendF(output, " %s -> %s", mac_from_.c_str(), mac_to_.c_str());
+
+    switch (frame_.GetConstData()[0] & kFrameTypeMask) {
+    case kAssocResponseFrameType:
+      StringAppendF(output, "; AssocResponse status: %u: %s",
+                    status_,
+                    Nl80211Message::StringFromStatus(status_).c_str());
+      break;
+    case kReassocResponseFrameType:
+      StringAppendF(output, "; ReassocResponse status: %u: %s",
+                    status_,
+                    Nl80211Message::StringFromStatus(status_).c_str());
+      break;
+    case kAuthFrameType:
+      StringAppendF(output, "; Auth status: %u: %s",
+                    status_,
+                    Nl80211Message::StringFromStatus(status_).c_str());
+      break;
+
+    case kDisassocFrameType:
+      StringAppendF(output, "; Disassoc reason %u: %s",
+                    reason_,
+                    Nl80211Message::StringFromReason(reason_).c_str());
+      break;
+    case kDeauthFrameType:
+      StringAppendF(output, "; Deauth reason %u: %s",
+                    reason_,
+                    Nl80211Message::StringFromReason(reason_).c_str());
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    output->append(" [frame: ");
+  }
+
+  const unsigned char *frame = frame_.GetConstData();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < frame_.GetLength(); ++i) {
+    StringAppendF(output, "%02x, ", frame[i]);
+  }
+  output->append("]");
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Nl80211Frame::IsEqual(const Nl80211Frame &other) const {
+  return frame_.Equals(other.frame_);
+}
+
+
+//
+// Specific Nl80211Message types.
+//
+
+const uint8_t AssociateMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE;
+const char AssociateMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_ASSOCIATE";
+
+string AssociateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("assoc");
+  if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME, NULL))
+    output.append(StringFromFrame(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME));
+  else if (attributes().IsFlagAttributeTrue(NL80211_ATTR_TIMED_OUT))
+    output.append(": timed out");
+  else
+    output.append(": unknown event");
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t AuthenticateMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE;
+const char AuthenticateMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_AUTHENTICATE";
+
+string AuthenticateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("auth");
+  if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME, NULL)) {
+    output.append(StringFromFrame(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME));
+  } else {
+    output.append(attributes().IsFlagAttributeTrue(NL80211_ATTR_TIMED_OUT) ?
+                  ": timed out" : ": unknown event");
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t CancelRemainOnChannelMessage::kCommand =
+  NL80211_CMD_CANCEL_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL;
+const char CancelRemainOnChannelMessage::kCommandString[] =
+  "NL80211_CMD_CANCEL_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL";
+
+string CancelRemainOnChannelMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  uint32_t freq;
+  uint64_t cookie;
+  StringAppendF(&output,
+                "done with remain on freq %" PRIu32 " (cookie %" PRIx64 ")",
+                (attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ,
+                                                   &freq) ?  0 : freq),
+                (attributes().GetU64AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE,
+                                                   &cookie) ?  0 : cookie));
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t ConnectMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_CONNECT;
+const char ConnectMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_CONNECT";
+
+string ConnectMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+
+  uint16_t status = UINT16_MAX;
+
+  if (!attributes().GetU16AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_STATUS_CODE, &status)) {
+    output.append("unknown connect status");
+  } else if (status == 0) {
+    output.append("connected");
+  } else {
+    output.append("failed to connect");
+  }
+
+  if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, NULL)) {
+    string mac;
+    GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+    StringAppendF(&output, " to %s", mac.c_str());
+  }
+  if (status)
+    StringAppendF(&output, ", status: %u: %s", status,
+                  StringFromStatus(status).c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t DeauthenticateMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE;
+const char DeauthenticateMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_DEAUTHENTICATE";
+
+string DeauthenticateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "deauth%s",
+                StringFromFrame(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME).c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t DeleteStationMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_DEL_STATION;
+const char DeleteStationMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_DEL_STATION";
+
+string DeleteStationMessage::ToString() const {
+  string mac;
+  GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "del station %s", mac.c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t DisassociateMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE;
+const char DisassociateMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_DISASSOCIATE";
+
+string DisassociateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "disassoc%s",
+                StringFromFrame(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME).c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t DisconnectMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_DISCONNECT;
+const char DisconnectMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_DISCONNECT";
+
+string DisconnectMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "disconnected %s",
+                ((attributes().IsFlagAttributeTrue(
+                    NL80211_ATTR_DISCONNECTED_BY_AP)) ?
+                 "(by AP)" : "(local request)"));
+
+  uint16_t reason = UINT16_MAX;
+  if (attributes().GetU16AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_REASON_CODE, &reason)) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, " reason: %u: %s",
+                  reason, StringFromReason(reason).c_str());
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t FrameTxStatusMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS;
+const char FrameTxStatusMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS";
+
+string FrameTxStatusMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  uint64_t cookie = UINT64_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU64AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE, &cookie);
+
+  StringAppendF(&output, "mgmt TX status (cookie %" PRIx64 "): %s", cookie,
+                (attributes().IsFlagAttributeTrue(NL80211_ATTR_ACK) ?
+                 "acked" : "no ack"));
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t JoinIbssMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS;
+const char JoinIbssMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS";
+
+string JoinIbssMessage::ToString() const {
+  string mac;
+  GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "IBSS %s joined", mac.c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t MichaelMicFailureMessage::kCommand =
+    NL80211_CMD_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE;
+const char MichaelMicFailureMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE";
+
+string MichaelMicFailureMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+
+  output.append("Michael MIC failure event:");
+
+  if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, NULL)) {
+    string mac;
+    GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+    StringAppendF(&output, " source MAC address %s", mac.c_str());
+  }
+
+  {
+    ByteString rawdata;
+    if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_KEY_SEQ,
+                                          &rawdata) &&
+        rawdata.GetLength() == Nl80211Message::kEthernetAddressBytes) {
+      const unsigned char *seq = rawdata.GetConstData();
+      StringAppendF(&output, " seq=%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
+                    seq[0], seq[1], seq[2], seq[3], seq[4], seq[5]);
+    }
+  }
+  uint32_t key_type_val = UINT32_MAX;
+  if (attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_KEY_TYPE, &key_type_val)) {
+    nl80211_key_type key_type = static_cast<nl80211_key_type >(key_type_val);
+    StringAppendF(&output, " Key Type %s", StringFromKeyType(key_type).c_str());
+  }
+
+  uint8_t key_index = UINT8_MAX;
+  if (attributes().GetU8AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_KEY_IDX, &key_index)) {
+    StringAppendF(&output, " Key Id %u", key_index);
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t NewScanResultsMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_NEW_SCAN_RESULTS;
+const char NewScanResultsMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_NEW_SCAN_RESULTS";
+
+string NewScanResultsMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("scan finished");
+
+  {
+    output.append("; frequencies: ");
+    vector<uint32_t> list;
+    if (GetScanFrequenciesAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES, &list)) {
+      string str;
+      for (vector<uint32_t>::const_iterator i = list.begin();
+             i != list.end(); ++i) {
+        StringAppendF(&str, " %" PRIu32 ", ", *i);
+      }
+      output.append(str);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    output.append("; SSIDs: ");
+    vector<string> list;
+    if (GetScanSsidsAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS, &list)) {
+      string str;
+      for (vector<string>::const_iterator i = list.begin();
+           i != list.end(); ++i) {
+        StringAppendF(&str, "\"%s\", ", i->c_str());
+      }
+      output.append(str);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t NewStationMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION;
+const char NewStationMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_NEW_STATION";
+
+string NewStationMessage::ToString() const {
+  string mac;
+  GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "new station %s", mac.c_str());
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t NewWifiMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_NEW_WIPHY;
+const char NewWifiMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_NEW_WIPHY";
+
+string NewWifiMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  string wifi_name = "None";
+  attributes().GetStringAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_NAME, &wifi_name);
+  StringAppendF(&output, "renamed to %s", wifi_name.c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t NotifyCqmMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_CQM;
+const char NotifyCqmMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_NOTIFY_CQM";
+
+string NotifyCqmMessage::ToString() const {
+  // TODO(wdg): use attributes().GetNestedAttributeValue()...
+  static const nla_policy kCqmValidationPolicy[NL80211_ATTR_CQM_MAX + 1] = {
+    { NLA_U32, 0, 0 },  // Who Knows?
+    { NLA_U32, 0, 0 },  // [NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THOLD]
+    { NLA_U32, 0, 0 },  // [NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_HYST]
+    { NLA_U32, 0, 0 },  // [NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT]
+  };
+
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("connection quality monitor event: ");
+
+  const Nl80211RawAttribute *attribute =
+      attributes().GetRawAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_CQM);
+  if (!attribute) {
+    output.append("missing data!");
+    return output;
+  }
+
+  const nlattr *const_data = attribute->data();
+  // Note that |nla_parse_nested| doesn't change |const_data| but doesn't
+  // declare itself as 'const', either.  Hence the cast.
+  nlattr *cqm_attr = const_cast<nlattr *>(const_data);
+
+  nlattr *cqm[NL80211_ATTR_CQM_MAX + 1];
+  if (!cqm_attr ||
+      nla_parse_nested(cqm, NL80211_ATTR_CQM_MAX, cqm_attr,
+                       const_cast<nla_policy *>(kCqmValidationPolicy))) {
+    output.append("missing data!");
+    return output;
+  }
+  if (cqm[NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT]) {
+    nl80211_cqm_rssi_threshold_event rssi_event =
+        static_cast<nl80211_cqm_rssi_threshold_event>(
+          Nl80211Attribute::NlaGetU32(
+              cqm[NL80211_ATTR_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT]));
+    if (rssi_event == NL80211_CQM_RSSI_THRESHOLD_EVENT_HIGH)
+      output.append("RSSI went above threshold");
+    else
+      output.append("RSSI went below threshold");
+  } else if (cqm[NL80211_ATTR_CQM_PKT_LOSS_EVENT] &&
+       attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, NULL)) {
+    string mac;
+    GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+    StringAppendF(&output, "peer %s didn't ACK %" PRIu32 " packets",
+                  mac.c_str(),
+                  Nl80211Attribute::NlaGetU32(
+                      cqm[NL80211_ATTR_CQM_PKT_LOSS_EVENT]));
+  } else {
+    output.append("unknown event");
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t PmksaCandidateMessage::kCommand = NL80211_ATTR_PMKSA_CANDIDATE;
+const char PmksaCandidateMessage::kCommandString[] =
+  "NL80211_ATTR_PMKSA_CANDIDATE";
+
+string PmksaCandidateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("PMKSA candidate found");
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t RegBeaconHintMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT;
+const char RegBeaconHintMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT";
+
+string RegBeaconHintMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  uint32_t wiphy_idx = UINT32_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY, &wiphy_idx);
+
+  const Nl80211RawAttribute *freq_before =
+      attributes().GetRawAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_BEFORE);
+  if (!freq_before)
+    return "";
+  const nlattr *const_before = freq_before->data();
+  ieee80211_beacon_channel chan_before_beacon;
+  memset(&chan_before_beacon, 0, sizeof(chan_before_beacon));
+  if (ParseBeaconHintChan(const_before, &chan_before_beacon))
+    return "";
+
+  const Nl80211RawAttribute *freq_after =
+      attributes().GetRawAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_FREQ_AFTER);
+  if (!freq_after)
+    return "";
+
+  const nlattr *const_after = freq_after->data();
+  ieee80211_beacon_channel chan_after_beacon;
+  memset(&chan_after_beacon, 0, sizeof(chan_after_beacon));
+  if (ParseBeaconHintChan(const_after, &chan_after_beacon))
+    return "";
+
+  if (chan_before_beacon.center_freq != chan_after_beacon.center_freq)
+    return "";
+
+  /* A beacon hint is sent _only_ if something _did_ change */
+  output.append("beacon hint:");
+  StringAppendF(&output, "phy%" PRIu32 " %u MHz [%d]:",
+                wiphy_idx, chan_before_beacon.center_freq,
+                ChannelFromIeee80211Frequency(chan_before_beacon.center_freq));
+
+  if (chan_before_beacon.passive_scan && !chan_after_beacon.passive_scan)
+    output.append("\to active scanning enabled");
+  if (chan_before_beacon.no_ibss && !chan_after_beacon.no_ibss)
+    output.append("\to beaconing enabled");
+  return output;
+}
+
+int RegBeaconHintMessage::ParseBeaconHintChan(const nlattr *tb,
+                                              ieee80211_beacon_channel *chan)
+    const {
+  static const nla_policy kBeaconFreqPolicy[
+      NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX + 1] = {
+        {0, 0, 0},
+        { NLA_U32, 0, 0 },  // [NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_FREQ]
+        {0, 0, 0},
+        { NLA_FLAG, 0, 0 },  // [NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_PASSIVE_SCAN]
+        { NLA_FLAG, 0, 0 },  // [NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IBSS]
+  };
+
+  if (!tb) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "|tb| parameter is NULL.";
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  if (!chan) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "|chan| parameter is NULL.";
+    return -EINVAL;
+  }
+
+  nlattr *tb_freq[NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX + 1];
+
+  // Note that |nla_parse_nested| doesn't change its parameters but doesn't
+  // declare itself as 'const', either.  Hence the cast.
+  if (nla_parse_nested(tb_freq,
+                       NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_MAX,
+                       const_cast<nlattr *>(tb),
+                       const_cast<nla_policy *>(kBeaconFreqPolicy)))
+    return -EINVAL;
+
+  chan->center_freq = Nl80211Attribute::NlaGetU32(
+      tb_freq[NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_FREQ]);
+
+  if (tb_freq[NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_PASSIVE_SCAN])
+    chan->passive_scan = true;
+  if (tb_freq[NL80211_FREQUENCY_ATTR_NO_IBSS])
+    chan->no_ibss = true;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+int RegBeaconHintMessage::ChannelFromIeee80211Frequency(int freq) {
+  // TODO(wdg): get rid of these magic numbers.
+  if (freq == 2484)
+    return 14;
+
+  if (freq < 2484)
+    return (freq - 2407) / 5;
+
+  /* FIXME: dot11ChannelStartingFactor (802.11-2007 17.3.8.3.2) */
+  return freq/5 - 1000;
+}
+
+const uint8_t RegChangeMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE;
+const char RegChangeMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE";
+
+string RegChangeMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("regulatory domain change: ");
+
+  uint8_t reg_type = UINT8_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU8AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_REG_TYPE, &reg_type);
+
+  uint32_t initiator = UINT32_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_REG_INITIATOR, &initiator);
+
+  uint32_t wifi = UINT32_MAX;
+  bool wifi_exists = attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY,
+                                                       &wifi);
+
+  string alpha2 = "<None>";
+  attributes().GetStringAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_REG_ALPHA2, &alpha2);
+
+  switch (reg_type) {
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_COUNTRY:
+    StringAppendF(&output, "set to %s by %s request",
+                  alpha2.c_str(), StringFromRegInitiator(initiator).c_str());
+    if (wifi_exists)
+      StringAppendF(&output, " on phy%" PRIu32, wifi);
+    break;
+
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_WORLD:
+    StringAppendF(&output, "set to world roaming by %s request",
+                  StringFromRegInitiator(initiator).c_str());
+    break;
+
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_CUSTOM_WORLD:
+    StringAppendF(&output,
+                  "custom world roaming rules in place on phy%" PRIu32
+                  " by %s request",
+                  wifi, StringFromRegInitiator(initiator).c_str());
+    break;
+
+  case NL80211_REGDOM_TYPE_INTERSECTION:
+    StringAppendF(&output, "intersection used due to a request made by %s",
+                  StringFromRegInitiator(initiator).c_str());
+    if (wifi_exists)
+      StringAppendF(&output, " on phy%" PRIu32, wifi);
+    break;
+
+  default:
+    output.append("unknown source");
+    break;
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t RemainOnChannelMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL;
+const char RemainOnChannelMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL";
+
+string RemainOnChannelMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+
+  uint32_t wifi_freq = UINT32_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_WIPHY_FREQ, &wifi_freq);
+
+  uint32_t duration = UINT32_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU32AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_DURATION, &duration);
+
+  uint64_t cookie = UINT64_MAX;
+  attributes().GetU64AttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_COOKIE, &cookie);
+
+  StringAppendF(&output, "remain on freq %" PRIu32 " (%" PRIu32 "ms, cookie %"
+                PRIx64 ")",
+                wifi_freq, duration, cookie);
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t RoamMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_ROAM;
+const char RoamMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_ROAM";
+
+string RoamMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("roamed");
+
+  if (attributes().GetRawAttributeValue(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, NULL)) {
+    string mac;
+    GetMacAttributeString(NL80211_ATTR_MAC, &mac);
+    StringAppendF(&output, " to %s", mac.c_str());
+  }
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t ScanAbortedMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_SCAN_ABORTED;
+const char ScanAbortedMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_SCAN_ABORTED";
+
+string ScanAbortedMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("scan aborted");
+
+  {
+    output.append("; frequencies: ");
+    vector<uint32_t> list;
+    if (GetScanFrequenciesAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES, &list)) {
+      string str;
+      for (vector<uint32_t>::const_iterator i = list.begin();
+           i != list.end(); ++i) {
+        StringAppendF(&str, " %" PRIu32 ", ", *i);
+      }
+      output.append(str);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    output.append("; SSIDs: ");
+    vector<string> list;
+    if (GetScanSsidsAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS, &list)) {
+      string str;
+      for (vector<string>::const_iterator i = list.begin();
+           i != list.end(); ++i) {
+        StringAppendF(&str, "\"%s\", ", i->c_str());
+      }
+      output.append(str);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t TriggerScanMessage::kCommand = NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN;
+const char TriggerScanMessage::kCommandString[] = "NL80211_CMD_TRIGGER_SCAN";
+
+string TriggerScanMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  output.append("scan started");
+
+  {
+    output.append("; frequencies: ");
+    vector<uint32_t> list;
+    if (GetScanFrequenciesAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_FREQUENCIES, &list)) {
+      string str;
+      for (vector<uint32_t>::const_iterator i = list.begin();
+             i != list.end(); ++i) {
+        StringAppendF(&str, "%" PRIu32 ", ", *i);
+      }
+      output.append(str);
+    }
+  }
+
+  {
+    output.append("; SSIDs: ");
+    vector<string> list;
+    if (GetScanSsidsAttribute(NL80211_ATTR_SCAN_SSIDS, &list)) {
+      string str;
+      for (vector<string>::const_iterator i = list.begin();
+           i != list.end(); ++i) {
+        StringAppendF(&str, "\"%s\", ", i->c_str());
+      }
+      output.append(str);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t UnknownMessage::kCommand = 0xff;
+const char UnknownMessage::kCommandString[] = "<Unknown Message Type>";
+
+string UnknownMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "unknown event %u", command_);
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t UnprotDeauthenticateMessage::kCommand =
+    NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DEAUTHENTICATE;
+const char UnprotDeauthenticateMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DEAUTHENTICATE";
+
+string UnprotDeauthenticateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "unprotected deauth %s",
+                StringFromFrame(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME).c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+const uint8_t UnprotDisassociateMessage::kCommand =
+    NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DISASSOCIATE;
+const char UnprotDisassociateMessage::kCommandString[] =
+    "NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DISASSOCIATE";
+
+string UnprotDisassociateMessage::ToString() const {
+  string output(GetHeaderString());
+  StringAppendF(&output, "unprotected disassoc %s",
+                StringFromFrame(NL80211_ATTR_FRAME).c_str());
+  return output;
+}
+
+//
+// Factory class.
+//
+
+Nl80211Message *Nl80211MessageFactory::CreateMessage(nlmsghdr *msg) {
+  if (!msg) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "NULL |msg| parameter";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  scoped_ptr<Nl80211Message> message;
+
+  genlmsghdr *gnlh =
+      reinterpret_cast<genlmsghdr *>(nlmsg_data(msg));
+
+  if (!gnlh) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "NULL gnlh";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  switch (gnlh->cmd) {
+    case AssociateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new AssociateMessage()); break;
+    case AuthenticateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new AuthenticateMessage()); break;
+    case CancelRemainOnChannelMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new CancelRemainOnChannelMessage()); break;
+    case ConnectMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new ConnectMessage()); break;
+    case DeauthenticateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new DeauthenticateMessage()); break;
+    case DeleteStationMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new DeleteStationMessage()); break;
+    case DisassociateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new DisassociateMessage()); break;
+    case DisconnectMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new DisconnectMessage()); break;
+    case FrameTxStatusMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new FrameTxStatusMessage()); break;
+    case JoinIbssMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new JoinIbssMessage()); break;
+    case MichaelMicFailureMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new MichaelMicFailureMessage()); break;
+    case NewScanResultsMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new NewScanResultsMessage()); break;
+    case NewStationMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new NewStationMessage()); break;
+    case NewWifiMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new NewWifiMessage()); break;
+    case NotifyCqmMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new NotifyCqmMessage()); break;
+    case PmksaCandidateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new PmksaCandidateMessage()); break;
+    case RegBeaconHintMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new RegBeaconHintMessage()); break;
+    case RegChangeMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new RegChangeMessage()); break;
+    case RemainOnChannelMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new RemainOnChannelMessage()); break;
+    case RoamMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new RoamMessage()); break;
+    case ScanAbortedMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new ScanAbortedMessage()); break;
+    case TriggerScanMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new TriggerScanMessage()); break;
+    case UnprotDeauthenticateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new UnprotDeauthenticateMessage()); break;
+    case UnprotDisassociateMessage::kCommand:
+      message.reset(new UnprotDisassociateMessage()); break;
+
+    default:
+      message.reset(new UnknownMessage(gnlh->cmd)); break;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  nlattr *tb[NL80211_ATTR_MAX + 1];
+
+  // Parse the attributes from the nl message payload (which starts at the
+  // header) into the 'tb' array.
+  nla_parse(tb, NL80211_ATTR_MAX, genlmsg_attrdata(gnlh, 0),
+            genlmsg_attrlen(gnlh, 0), NULL);
+
+  if (!message->Init(tb, msg)) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Message did not initialize properly";
+    return NULL;
+  }
+
+  return message.release();
+}
+
+Nl80211MessageDataCollector *
+    Nl80211MessageDataCollector::GetInstance() {
+  return g_datacollector.Pointer();
+}
+
+Nl80211MessageDataCollector::Nl80211MessageDataCollector() {
+  need_to_print[NL80211_ATTR_PMKSA_CANDIDATE] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_CANCEL_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_DEL_STATION] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_FRAME_TX_STATUS] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_JOIN_IBSS] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_MICHAEL_MIC_FAILURE] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_NEW_WIPHY] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_REG_BEACON_HINT] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_REG_CHANGE] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_REMAIN_ON_CHANNEL] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_ROAM] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_SCAN_ABORTED] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DEAUTHENTICATE] = true;
+  need_to_print[NL80211_CMD_UNPROT_DISASSOCIATE] = true;
+}
+
+void Nl80211MessageDataCollector::CollectDebugData(
+    const Nl80211Message &message, nlmsghdr *msg) {
+  if (!msg) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "NULL |msg| parameter";
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool doit = false;
+
+  map<uint8_t, bool>::const_iterator node;
+  node = need_to_print.find(message.message_type());
+  if (node != need_to_print.end())
+    doit = node->second;
+
+  if (doit) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "@@const unsigned char "
+               << "k" << message.message_type_string()
+               << "[] = {";
+
+    int payload_bytes = nlmsg_datalen(msg);
+
+    size_t bytes = nlmsg_total_size(payload_bytes);
+    unsigned char *rawdata = reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(msg);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; ++i) {
+      LOG(INFO) << "  0x"
+                 << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2)
+                 << + rawdata[i] << ",";
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "};";
+    need_to_print[message.message_type()] = false;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace shill.