init: Add support for ambient capabilities.
Ambient capabilities are inherited in a straightforward way across
execve(2):
"
If you are nonroot but you have a capability, you can add it to pA.
If you do so, your children get that capability in pA, pP, and pE.
For example, you can set pA = CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE, and your
children can automatically bind low-numbered ports.
"
This will allow us to get rid of the special meaning for AID_NET_ADMIN
and AID_NET_RAW, and if desired, to reduce the use of file capabilities
(which grant capabilities to any process that can execute the file). An
additional benefit of the latter is that a single .rc file can specify
all properties for a service, without having to rely on a separate file
for file capabilities.
Ambient capabilities are supported starting with kernel 4.3 and have
been backported to all Android common kernels back to 3.10.
I chose to not use Minijail here (though I'm still using libcap) for
two reasons:
1-The Minijail code is designed to work in situations where the process
is holding any set of capabilities, so it's more complex. The situation
when forking from init allows for simpler code.
2-The way Minijail is structured right now, we would not be able to
make the required SELinux calls between UID/GID dropping and other priv
dropping code. In the future, it will make sense to add some sort of
"hook" to Minijail so that it can be used in situations where we want
to do other operations between some of the privilege-dropping
operations carried out by Minijail.
Bug: 32438163
Test: Use sample service.
Change-Id: I3226cc95769d1beacbae619cb6c6e6a5425890fb
diff --git a/init/capabilities.cpp b/init/capabilities.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4592adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/capabilities.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "capabilities.h"
+
+#include <sys/capability.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+#define CAP_MAP_ENTRY(cap) { #cap, CAP_##cap }
+
+namespace {
+const std::map<std::string, int> cap_map = {
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(CHOWN),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(DAC_OVERRIDE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(DAC_READ_SEARCH),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(FOWNER),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(FSETID),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(KILL),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SETGID),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SETUID),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SETPCAP),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(LINUX_IMMUTABLE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(NET_BIND_SERVICE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(NET_BROADCAST),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(NET_ADMIN),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(NET_RAW),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(IPC_LOCK),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(IPC_OWNER),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_MODULE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_RAWIO),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_CHROOT),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_PTRACE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_PACCT),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_ADMIN),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_BOOT),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_NICE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_RESOURCE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_TIME),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYS_TTY_CONFIG),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(MKNOD),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(LEASE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(AUDIT_WRITE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(AUDIT_CONTROL),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SETFCAP),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(MAC_OVERRIDE),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(MAC_ADMIN),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(SYSLOG),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(WAKE_ALARM),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(BLOCK_SUSPEND),
+ CAP_MAP_ENTRY(AUDIT_READ),
+};
+
+static_assert(CAP_LAST_CAP == CAP_AUDIT_READ, "CAP_LAST_CAP is not CAP_AUDIT_READ");
+
+bool DropBoundingSet(const CapSet& to_keep) {
+ for (size_t cap = 0; cap < to_keep.size(); ++cap) {
+ if (to_keep.test(cap)) {
+ // No need to drop this capability.
+ continue;
+ }
+ if (cap_drop_bound(cap) == -1) {
+ PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_drop_bound(" << cap << ") failed";
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool SetProcCaps(const CapSet& to_keep, bool add_setpcap) {
+ cap_t caps = cap_init();
+ auto deleter = [](cap_t* p) { cap_free(*p); };
+ std::unique_ptr<cap_t, decltype(deleter)> ptr_caps(&caps, deleter);
+
+ cap_clear(caps);
+ cap_value_t value[1];
+ for (size_t cap = 0; cap <= to_keep.size(); ++cap) {
+ if (to_keep.test(cap)) {
+ value[0] = cap;
+ if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_INHERITABLE, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0 ||
+ cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_PERMITTED, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0) {
+ PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_set_flag(INHERITABLE|PERMITTED, " << cap << ") failed";
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (add_setpcap) {
+ value[0] = CAP_SETPCAP;
+ if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_PERMITTED, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0 ||
+ cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0) {
+ PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_set_flag(PERMITTED|EFFECTIVE, " << CAP_SETPCAP << ") failed";
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (cap_set_proc(caps) != 0) {
+ PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_set_proc(" << to_keep.to_ulong() << ") failed";
+ return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool SetAmbientCaps(const CapSet& to_raise) {
+ for (size_t cap = 0; cap < to_raise.size(); ++cap) {
+ if (to_raise.test(cap)) {
+ if (prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, cap, 0, 0) != 0) {
+ PLOG(ERROR) << "prctl(PR_CAP_AMBIENT, PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE, " << cap << ") failed";
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace anonymous
+
+int LookupCap(const std::string& cap_name) {
+ auto e = cap_map.find(cap_name);
+ if (e != cap_map.end()) {
+ return e->second;
+ } else {
+ return -1;
+ }
+}
+
+bool SetCapsForExec(const CapSet& to_keep) {
+ // Need to keep SETPCAP to drop bounding set below.
+ bool add_setpcap = true;
+ if (!SetProcCaps(to_keep, add_setpcap)) {
+ LOG(ERROR) << "failed to apply initial capset";
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ if (!DropBoundingSet(to_keep)) {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // If SETPCAP wasn't specifically requested, drop it now.
+ add_setpcap = false;
+ if (!SetProcCaps(to_keep, add_setpcap)) {
+ LOG(ERROR) << "failed to apply final capset";
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // Add the capabilities to the ambient set so that they are preserved across
+ // execve(2).
+ // See http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html.
+ return SetAmbientCaps(to_keep);
+}