adb: don't try to resolve 'localhost'
am: 46de1d7f03

Change-Id: Ie419c5ddd80938760d7eaa3f50605c9874ca33d7
diff --git a/adb/commandline.cpp b/adb/commandline.cpp
index 4979eef..ed6693c 100644
--- a/adb/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/commandline.cpp
@@ -169,15 +169,7 @@
         "     '-k': keep the data and cache directories\n"
         "\n"
         "backup/restore:\n"
-        " backup [-f FILE] [-apk|-noapk] [-obb|-noobb] [-shared|-noshared] [-all] [-system|-nosystem] [PACKAGE...]\n"
-        "     write an archive of the device's data to FILE [default=backup.adb]\n"
-        "     package list optional if -all/-shared are supplied\n"
-        "     -apk/-noapk: do/don't back up .apk files (default -noapk)\n"
-        "     -obb/-noobb: do/don't back up .obb files (default -noobb)\n"
-        "     -shared|-noshared: do/don't back up shared storage (default -noshared)\n"
-        "     -all: back up all installed applications\n"
-        "     -system|-nosystem: include system apps in -all (default -system)\n"
-        " restore FILE             restore device contents from FILE\n"
+        "   to show usage run \"adb shell bu help\"\n"
         "\n"
         "debugging:\n"
         " bugreport [PATH]\n"
diff --git a/base/Android.bp b/base/Android.bp
index 121da42..3af7686 100644
--- a/base/Android.bp
+++ b/base/Android.bp
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
         "parseint_test.cpp",
         "parsenetaddress_test.cpp",
         "quick_exit_test.cpp",
+        "scopeguard_test.cpp",
         "stringprintf_test.cpp",
         "strings_test.cpp",
         "test_main.cpp",
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h b/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abcf4bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_BASE_SCOPEGUARD_H
+#define ANDROID_BASE_SCOPEGUARD_H
+
+#include <utility>  // for std::move
+
+namespace android {
+namespace base {
+
+template <typename F>
+class ScopeGuard {
+ public:
+  ScopeGuard(F f) : f_(f), active_(true) {}
+
+  ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard&& that) : f_(std::move(that.f_)), active_(that.active_) {
+    that.active_ = false;
+  }
+
+  ~ScopeGuard() {
+    if (active_) f_();
+  }
+
+  ScopeGuard() = delete;
+  ScopeGuard(const ScopeGuard&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const ScopeGuard&) = delete;
+  void operator=(ScopeGuard&& that) = delete;
+
+  void Disable() { active_ = false; }
+
+  bool active() const { return active_; }
+
+ private:
+  F f_;
+  bool active_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+ScopeGuard<T> make_scope_guard(T f) {
+  return ScopeGuard<T>(f);
+}
+
+}  // namespace base
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_BASE_SCOPEGUARD_H
diff --git a/base/scopeguard_test.cpp b/base/scopeguard_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e11154a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/scopeguard_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "android-base/scopeguard.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+TEST(scopeguard, normal) {
+  bool guarded_var = true;
+  {
+    auto scopeguard = android::base::make_scope_guard([&guarded_var] { guarded_var = false; });
+  }
+  ASSERT_FALSE(guarded_var);
+}
+
+TEST(scopeguard, disabled) {
+  bool guarded_var = true;
+  {
+    auto scopeguard = android::base::make_scope_guard([&guarded_var] { guarded_var = false; });
+    scopeguard.Disable();
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(guarded_var);
+}
+
+TEST(scopeguard, moved) {
+  int guarded_var = true;
+  auto scopeguard = android::base::make_scope_guard([&guarded_var] { guarded_var = false; });
+  { decltype(scopeguard) new_guard(std::move(scopeguard)); }
+  EXPECT_FALSE(scopeguard.active());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(guarded_var);
+}
diff --git a/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp b/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
index 3b84853..2be13c6 100644
--- a/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
@@ -140,7 +140,9 @@
   }
 
   bool backtrace = dump_type == kDebuggerdBacktrace;
-  send_signal(pid, backtrace);
+  if (!send_signal(pid, backtrace)) {
+    return false;
+  }
 
   rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(set_timeout(sockfd.get()), &response, sizeof(response), MSG_TRUNC));
   if (rc == 0) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
index 22fde5e..7f450e6 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
@@ -22,16 +22,22 @@
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
 // Whitelist output desired in the logcat output.
 bool is_allowed_in_logcat(enum logtype ltype) {
   if ((ltype == HEADER)
@@ -42,6 +48,19 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+static bool should_write_to_kmsg() {
+  // Write to kmsg if tombstoned isn't up, and we're able to do so.
+  if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (android::base::GetProperty("init.svc.tombstoned", "") == "running") {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 __attribute__((__weak__, visibility("default")))
 void _LOG(log_t* log, enum logtype ltype, const char* fmt, ...) {
   bool write_to_tombstone = (log->tfd != -1);
@@ -49,6 +68,7 @@
                       && log->crashed_tid != -1
                       && log->current_tid != -1
                       && (log->crashed_tid == log->current_tid);
+  static bool write_to_kmsg = should_write_to_kmsg();
 
   char buf[512];
   va_list ap;
@@ -70,6 +90,30 @@
     if (log->amfd_data != nullptr) {
       *log->amfd_data += buf;
     }
+
+    if (write_to_kmsg) {
+      unique_fd kmsg_fd(open("/dev/kmsg_debug", O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CLOEXEC));
+      if (kmsg_fd.get() >= 0) {
+        // Our output might contain newlines which would otherwise be handled by the android logger.
+        // Split the lines up ourselves before sending to the kernel logger.
+        if (buf[len - 1] == '\n') {
+          buf[len - 1] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        std::vector<std::string> fragments = android::base::Split(buf, "\n");
+        for (const std::string& fragment : fragments) {
+          static constexpr char prefix[] = "<3>DEBUG: ";
+          struct iovec iov[3];
+          iov[0].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(prefix);
+          iov[0].iov_len = strlen(prefix);
+          iov[1].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(fragment.c_str());
+          iov[1].iov_len = fragment.length();
+          iov[2].iov_base = const_cast<char*>("\n");
+          iov[2].iov_len = 1;
+          TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(writev(kmsg_fd.get(), iov, 3));
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -205,7 +249,7 @@
 }
 
 void read_with_default(const char* path, char* buf, size_t len, const char* default_value) {
-  android::base::unique_fd fd(open(path, O_RDONLY));
+  unique_fd fd(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
   if (fd != -1) {
     int rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd.get(), buf, len - 1));
     if (rc != -1) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index 6636be2..ea9cb37 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
@@ -47,8 +50,10 @@
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>  // for __android_log_is_debuggable()
 
+#include "fs_mgr.h"
+#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_avb.h"
+#include "fs_mgr_priv_dm_ioctl.h"
 
 #define KEY_LOC_PROP   "ro.crypto.keyfile.userdata"
 #define KEY_IN_FOOTER  "footer"
@@ -283,7 +288,10 @@
                     return force_check;
                 }
                 *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_IS_EXT4;
-                //TODO check if it is new version or not
+                LINFO << "superblock s_max_mnt_count:" << sb.s_max_mnt_count << "," << blk_device;
+                if (sb.s_max_mnt_count == 0xffff) {  // -1 (int16) in ext2, but uint16 in ext4
+                    *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_NEW_IMAGE_VERSION;
+                }
                 if ((sb.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER) != 0 ||
                     (sb.s_state & EXT4_VALID_FS) == 0) {
                     LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): was not clealy shutdown, state flag:"
@@ -704,6 +712,23 @@
     }
 }
 
+static std::string extract_by_name_prefix(struct fstab* fstab) {
+    // We assume that there's an entry for the /misc mount point in the
+    // fstab file and use that to get the device file by-name prefix.
+    // The device needs not to have an actual /misc partition.
+    // e.g.,
+    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/misc ->
+    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/
+    struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, "/misc");
+    if (fstab_entry == nullptr) {
+        LERROR << "/misc mount point not found in fstab";
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::string full_path(fstab_entry->blk_device);
+    size_t end_slash = full_path.find_last_of("/");
+    return full_path.substr(0, end_slash + 1);
+}
+
 // TODO: add ueventd notifiers if they don't exist.
 // This is just doing a wait_for_device for maximum of 1s
 int fs_mgr_test_access(const char *device) {
@@ -747,17 +772,12 @@
     int mret = -1;
     int mount_errno = 0;
     int attempted_idx = -1;
-    int avb_ret = FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
     if (!fstab) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (fs_mgr_is_avb_used() &&
-        (avb_ret = fs_mgr_load_vbmeta_images(fstab)) == FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
     for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
         /* Don't mount entries that are managed by vold or not for the mount mode*/
         if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & (MF_VOLDMANAGED | MF_RECOVERYONLY)) ||
@@ -796,16 +816,15 @@
             wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
         }
 
-        if (fs_mgr_is_avb_used() && (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB)) {
-            /* If HASHTREE_DISABLED is set (cf. 'adb disable-verity'), we
-             * should set up the device without using dm-verity.
-             * The actual mounting still take place in the following
-             * mount_with_alternatives().
-             */
-            if (avb_ret == FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_HASHTREE_DISABLED) {
-                LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled";
-            } else if (fs_mgr_setup_avb(&fstab->recs[i]) !=
-                       FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_SUCCESS) {
+        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
+            if (!avb_handle) {
+                avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(extract_by_name_prefix(fstab));
+                if (!avb_handle) {
+                    LERROR << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!avb_handle->SetUpAvb(&fstab->recs[i], true /* wait_for_verity_dev */)) {
                 LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: "
                        << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << ", skipping!";
                 /* Skips mounting the device. */
@@ -931,10 +950,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (fs_mgr_is_avb_used()) {
-        fs_mgr_unload_vbmeta_images();
-    }
-
     if (error_count) {
         return -1;
     } else {
@@ -973,17 +988,12 @@
     int mount_errors = 0;
     int first_mount_errno = 0;
     char *m;
-    int avb_ret = FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
     if (!fstab) {
         return ret;
     }
 
-    if (fs_mgr_is_avb_used() &&
-        (avb_ret = fs_mgr_load_vbmeta_images(fstab)) == FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL) {
-        return ret;
-    }
-
     for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
         if (!fs_match(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, n_name)) {
             continue;
@@ -1018,16 +1028,15 @@
             do_reserved_size(n_blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type, &fstab->recs[i], &fs_stat);
         }
 
-        if (fs_mgr_is_avb_used() && (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB)) {
-            /* If HASHTREE_DISABLED is set (cf. 'adb disable-verity'), we
-             * should set up the device without using dm-verity.
-             * The actual mounting still take place in the following
-             * mount_with_alternatives().
-             */
-            if (avb_ret == FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_HASHTREE_DISABLED) {
-                LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled";
-            } else if (fs_mgr_setup_avb(&fstab->recs[i]) !=
-                       FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_SUCCESS) {
+        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
+            if (!avb_handle) {
+                avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(extract_by_name_prefix(fstab));
+                if (!avb_handle) {
+                    LERROR << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+                    return -1;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!avb_handle->SetUpAvb(&fstab->recs[i], true /* wait_for_verity_dev */)) {
                 LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: "
                        << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << ", skipping!";
                 /* Skips mounting the device. */
@@ -1076,9 +1085,6 @@
     }
 
 out:
-    if (fs_mgr_is_avb_used()) {
-        fs_mgr_unload_vbmeta_images();
-    }
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -1256,3 +1262,97 @@
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+bool fs_mgr_load_verity_state(int* mode) {
+    /* return the default mode, unless any of the verified partitions are in
+     * logging mode, in which case return that */
+    *mode = VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    if (!fstab) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
+        if (fs_mgr_is_avb(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            *mode = VERITY_MODE_RESTART;  // avb only supports restart mode.
+            break;
+        } else if (!fs_mgr_is_verified(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        int current;
+        if (load_verity_state(&fstab->recs[i], &current) < 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (current != VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT) {
+            *mode = current;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_update_verity_state(fs_mgr_verity_state_callback callback) {
+    if (!callback) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int mode;
+    if (!fs_mgr_load_verity_state(&mode)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        PERROR << "Error opening device mapper";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    if (!fstab) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    alignas(dm_ioctl) char buffer[DM_BUF_SIZE];
+    struct dm_ioctl* io = (struct dm_ioctl*)buffer;
+    bool system_root = android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.system_root_image", "") == "true";
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_is_verified(&fstab->recs[i]) && !fs_mgr_is_avb(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        std::string mount_point;
+        if (system_root && !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/")) {
+            mount_point = "system";
+        } else {
+            mount_point = basename(fstab->recs[i].mount_point);
+        }
+
+        fs_mgr_verity_ioctl_init(io, mount_point, 0);
+
+        const char* status;
+        if (ioctl(fd, DM_TABLE_STATUS, io)) {
+            if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFYATBOOT) {
+                status = "V";
+            } else {
+                PERROR << "Failed to query DM_TABLE_STATUS for " << mount_point.c_str();
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        status = &buffer[io->data_start + sizeof(struct dm_target_spec)];
+
+        if (*status == 'C' || *status == 'V') {
+            callback(&fstab->recs[i], mount_point.c_str(), mode, *status);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
index 7512eb9..7c82bb1 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
@@ -37,9 +38,9 @@
 #include <utils/Compat.h>
 
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
+#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_avb_ops.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_avb.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv_dm_ioctl.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv_sha.h"
 
@@ -85,24 +86,6 @@
         hashtree_desc.fec_offset / hashtree_desc.data_block_size, /* fec_start */  \
         VERITY_TABLE_OPT_IGNZERO, VERITY_TABLE_OPT_RESTART
 
-AvbSlotVerifyData* fs_mgr_avb_verify_data = nullptr;
-AvbOps* fs_mgr_avb_ops = nullptr;
-
-enum HashAlgorithm {
-    kInvalid = 0,
-    kSHA256 = 1,
-    kSHA512 = 2,
-};
-
-struct androidboot_vbmeta {
-    HashAlgorithm hash_alg;
-    uint8_t digest[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-    size_t vbmeta_size;
-    bool allow_verification_error;
-};
-
-androidboot_vbmeta fs_mgr_vbmeta_prop;
-
 static inline bool nibble_value(const char& c, uint8_t* value) {
     FS_MGR_CHECK(value != nullptr);
 
@@ -159,27 +142,78 @@
     return hex;
 }
 
-static bool load_vbmeta_prop(androidboot_vbmeta* vbmeta_prop) {
-    FS_MGR_CHECK(vbmeta_prop != nullptr);
+template <typename Hasher>
+static std::pair<size_t, bool> verify_vbmeta_digest(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data,
+                                                    const uint8_t* expected_digest) {
+    size_t total_size = 0;
+    Hasher hasher;
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < verify_data.num_vbmeta_images; n++) {
+        hasher.update(verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_data,
+                      verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_size);
+        total_size += verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_size;
+    }
 
+    bool matched = (memcmp(hasher.finalize(), expected_digest, Hasher::DIGEST_SIZE) == 0);
+
+    return std::make_pair(total_size, matched);
+}
+
+// Reads the following values from kernel cmdline and provides the
+// VerifyVbmetaImages() to verify AvbSlotVerifyData.
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.device_state
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.hash_alg
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.size
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.digest
+class FsManagerAvbVerifier {
+  public:
+    // The factory method to return a unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier>
+    static std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> Create();
+    bool VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data);
+    bool IsDeviceUnlocked() { return is_device_unlocked_; }
+
+  protected:
+    FsManagerAvbVerifier() = default;
+
+  private:
+    enum HashAlgorithm {
+        kInvalid = 0,
+        kSHA256 = 1,
+        kSHA512 = 2,
+    };
+
+    HashAlgorithm hash_alg_;
+    uint8_t digest_[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
+    size_t vbmeta_size_;
+    bool is_device_unlocked_;
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> FsManagerAvbVerifier::Create() {
     std::string cmdline;
-    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline)) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to read /proc/cmdline";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
 
-    std::string hash_alg;
+    std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> avb_verifier(new FsManagerAvbVerifier());
+    if (!avb_verifier) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to create unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier>";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     std::string digest;
-
+    std::string hash_alg;
     for (const auto& entry : android::base::Split(android::base::Trim(cmdline), " ")) {
         std::vector<std::string> pieces = android::base::Split(entry, "=");
         const std::string& key = pieces[0];
         const std::string& value = pieces[1];
 
         if (key == "androidboot.vbmeta.device_state") {
-            vbmeta_prop->allow_verification_error = (value == "unlocked");
+            avb_verifier->is_device_unlocked_ = (value == "unlocked");
         } else if (key == "androidboot.vbmeta.hash_alg") {
             hash_alg = value;
         } else if (key == "androidboot.vbmeta.size") {
-            if (!android::base::ParseUint(value.c_str(), &vbmeta_prop->vbmeta_size)) {
-                return false;
+            if (!android::base::ParseUint(value.c_str(), &avb_verifier->vbmeta_size_)) {
+                return nullptr;
             }
         } else if (key == "androidboot.vbmeta.digest") {
             digest = value;
@@ -190,48 +224,31 @@
     size_t expected_digest_size = 0;
     if (hash_alg == "sha256") {
         expected_digest_size = SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2;
-        vbmeta_prop->hash_alg = kSHA256;
+        avb_verifier->hash_alg_ = kSHA256;
     } else if (hash_alg == "sha512") {
         expected_digest_size = SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2;
-        vbmeta_prop->hash_alg = kSHA512;
+        avb_verifier->hash_alg_ = kSHA512;
     } else {
         LERROR << "Unknown hash algorithm: " << hash_alg.c_str();
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     // Reads digest.
     if (digest.size() != expected_digest_size) {
         LERROR << "Unexpected digest size: " << digest.size()
                << " (expected: " << expected_digest_size << ")";
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (!hex_to_bytes(vbmeta_prop->digest, sizeof(vbmeta_prop->digest), digest)) {
+    if (!hex_to_bytes(avb_verifier->digest_, sizeof(avb_verifier->digest_), digest)) {
         LERROR << "Hash digest contains non-hexidecimal character: " << digest.c_str();
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    return true;
+    return avb_verifier;
 }
 
-template <typename Hasher>
-static std::pair<size_t, bool> verify_vbmeta_digest(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data,
-                                                    const androidboot_vbmeta& vbmeta_prop) {
-    size_t total_size = 0;
-    Hasher hasher;
-    for (size_t n = 0; n < verify_data.num_vbmeta_images; n++) {
-        hasher.update(verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_data,
-                      verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_size);
-        total_size += verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_size;
-    }
-
-    bool matched = (memcmp(hasher.finalize(), vbmeta_prop.digest, Hasher::DIGEST_SIZE) == 0);
-
-    return std::make_pair(total_size, matched);
-}
-
-static bool verify_vbmeta_images(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data,
-                                 const androidboot_vbmeta& vbmeta_prop) {
+bool FsManagerAvbVerifier::VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data) {
     if (verify_data.num_vbmeta_images == 0) {
         LERROR << "No vbmeta images";
         return false;
@@ -240,17 +257,17 @@
     size_t total_size = 0;
     bool digest_matched = false;
 
-    if (vbmeta_prop.hash_alg == kSHA256) {
+    if (hash_alg_ == kSHA256) {
         std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
-            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA256Hasher>(verify_data, vbmeta_prop);
-    } else if (vbmeta_prop.hash_alg == kSHA512) {
+            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA256Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
+    } else if (hash_alg_ == kSHA512) {
         std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
-            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA512Hasher>(verify_data, vbmeta_prop);
+            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA512Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
     }
 
-    if (total_size != vbmeta_prop.vbmeta_size) {
-        LERROR << "total vbmeta size mismatch: " << total_size
-               << " (expected: " << vbmeta_prop.vbmeta_size << ")";
+    if (total_size != vbmeta_size_) {
+        LERROR << "total vbmeta size mismatch: " << total_size << " (expected: " << vbmeta_size_
+               << ")";
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -319,7 +336,8 @@
 
 static bool hashtree_dm_verity_setup(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry,
                                      const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc,
-                                     const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest) {
+                                     const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest,
+                                     bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
     // Gets the device mapper fd.
     android::base::unique_fd fd(open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR));
     if (fd < 0) {
@@ -358,13 +376,12 @@
     // Marks the underlying block device as read-only.
     fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(fstab_entry->blk_device);
 
-    // TODO(bowgotsai): support verified all partition at boot.
     // Updates fstab_rec->blk_device to verity device name.
     free(fstab_entry->blk_device);
     fstab_entry->blk_device = strdup(verity_blk_name.c_str());
 
     // Makes sure we've set everything up properly.
-    if (fs_mgr_test_access(verity_blk_name.c_str()) < 0) {
+    if (wait_for_verity_dev && fs_mgr_test_access(verity_blk_name.c_str()) < 0) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -408,8 +425,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
             if (desc.tag == AVB_DESCRIPTOR_TAG_HASHTREE) {
-                desc_partition_name =
-                    (const uint8_t*)descriptors[j] + sizeof(AvbHashtreeDescriptor);
+                desc_partition_name = (const uint8_t*)descriptors[j] + sizeof(AvbHashtreeDescriptor);
                 if (!avb_hashtree_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(
                         (AvbHashtreeDescriptor*)descriptors[j], out_hashtree_desc)) {
                     continue;
@@ -441,140 +457,97 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool init_is_avb_used() {
-    // When AVB is used, boot loader should set androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg,
-    // size, digest} in kernel cmdline or in device tree. They will then be
-    // imported by init process to system properties: ro.boot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest}.
-    //
-    // In case of early mount, init properties are not initialized, so we also
-    // ensure we look into kernel command line and device tree if the property is
-    // not found
-    //
-    // Checks hash_alg as an indicator for whether AVB is used.
-    // We don't have to parse and check all of them here. The check will
-    // be done in fs_mgr_load_vbmeta_images() and FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL will
-    // be returned when there is an error.
-
-    std::string hash_alg;
-    if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.hash_alg", &hash_alg)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (hash_alg == "sha256" || hash_alg == "sha512") {
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool fs_mgr_is_avb_used() {
-    static bool result = init_is_avb_used();
-    return result;
-}
-
-int fs_mgr_load_vbmeta_images(struct fstab* fstab) {
-    FS_MGR_CHECK(fstab != nullptr);
-
-    // Gets the expected hash value of vbmeta images from
-    // kernel cmdline.
-    if (!load_vbmeta_prop(&fs_mgr_vbmeta_prop)) {
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(const std::string& device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    if (device_file_by_name_prefix.empty()) {
+        LERROR << "Missing device file by-name prefix";
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    fs_mgr_avb_ops = fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_new(fstab);
-    if (fs_mgr_avb_ops == nullptr) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to allocate dummy avb_ops";
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+    // Gets the expected hash value of vbmeta images from kernel cmdline.
+    std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> avb_verifier = FsManagerAvbVerifier::Create();
+    if (!avb_verifier) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to create FsManagerAvbVerifier";
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    // Invokes avb_slot_verify() to load and verify all vbmeta images.
-    // Sets requested_partitions to nullptr as it's to copy the contents
-    // of HASH partitions into fs_mgr_avb_verify_data, which is not required as
-    // fs_mgr only deals with HASHTREE partitions.
-    const char *requested_partitions[] = {nullptr};
-    std::string ab_suffix;
-    std::string slot;
-    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot", &slot)) {
-        ab_suffix = "_" + slot;
-    } else {
-        // remove slot_suffix once bootloaders update to new androidboot.slot param
-        fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot_suffix", &ab_suffix);
+    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(new FsManagerAvbHandle());
+    if (!avb_handle) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to allocate FsManagerAvbHandle";
+        return nullptr;
     }
-    AvbSlotVerifyResult verify_result =
-        avb_slot_verify(fs_mgr_avb_ops, requested_partitions, ab_suffix.c_str(),
-                        fs_mgr_vbmeta_prop.allow_verification_error, &fs_mgr_avb_verify_data);
+
+    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops(device_file_by_name_prefix);
+    AvbSlotVerifyResult verify_result = avb_ops.AvbSlotVerify(
+        fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix(), avb_verifier->IsDeviceUnlocked(), &avb_handle->avb_slot_data_);
 
     // Only allow two verify results:
     //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK.
     //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION (for UNLOCKED state).
     if (verify_result == AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_vbmeta_prop.allow_verification_error) {
+        if (!avb_verifier->IsDeviceUnlocked()) {
             LERROR << "ERROR_VERIFICATION isn't allowed";
-            goto fail;
+            return nullptr;
         }
     } else if (verify_result != AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK) {
         LERROR << "avb_slot_verify failed, result: " << verify_result;
-        goto fail;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     // Verifies vbmeta images against the digest passed from bootloader.
-    if (!verify_vbmeta_images(*fs_mgr_avb_verify_data, fs_mgr_vbmeta_prop)) {
-        LERROR << "verify_vbmeta_images failed";
-        goto fail;
+    if (!avb_verifier->VerifyVbmetaImages(*avb_handle->avb_slot_data_)) {
+        LERROR << "VerifyVbmetaImages failed";
+        return nullptr;
     } else {
         // Checks whether FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED is set.
         AvbVBMetaImageHeader vbmeta_header;
         avb_vbmeta_image_header_to_host_byte_order(
-            (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)fs_mgr_avb_verify_data->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
+            (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->avb_slot_data_->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
             &vbmeta_header);
 
         bool hashtree_disabled =
             ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
         if (hashtree_disabled) {
-            return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_HASHTREE_DISABLED;
+            avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled;
+            return avb_handle;
         }
     }
 
     if (verify_result == AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK) {
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_SUCCESS;
+        avb_handle->status_ = kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess;
+        return avb_handle;
     }
-
-fail:
-    fs_mgr_unload_vbmeta_images();
-    return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
-void fs_mgr_unload_vbmeta_images() {
-    if (fs_mgr_avb_verify_data != nullptr) {
-        avb_slot_verify_data_free(fs_mgr_avb_verify_data);
+bool FsManagerAvbHandle::SetUpAvb(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
+    if (!fstab_entry) return false;
+    if (!avb_slot_data_ || avb_slot_data_->num_vbmeta_images < 1) {
+        return false;
     }
-
-    if (fs_mgr_avb_ops != nullptr) {
-        fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_free(fs_mgr_avb_ops);
+    if (status_ == kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled) {
+        LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled on:" << fstab_entry->mount_point;
+        return true;
     }
-}
-
-int fs_mgr_setup_avb(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry) {
-    if (!fstab_entry || !fs_mgr_avb_verify_data || fs_mgr_avb_verify_data->num_vbmeta_images < 1) {
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
-    }
+    if (status_ != kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess) return false;
 
     std::string partition_name(basename(fstab_entry->mount_point));
     if (!avb_validate_utf8((const uint8_t*)partition_name.c_str(), partition_name.length())) {
         LERROR << "Partition name: " << partition_name.c_str() << " is not valid UTF-8.";
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+        return false;
     }
 
     AvbHashtreeDescriptor hashtree_descriptor;
     std::string salt;
     std::string root_digest;
-    if (!get_hashtree_descriptor(partition_name, *fs_mgr_avb_verify_data, &hashtree_descriptor,
-                                 &salt, &root_digest)) {
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+    if (!get_hashtree_descriptor(partition_name, *avb_slot_data_, &hashtree_descriptor, &salt,
+                                 &root_digest)) {
+        return false;
     }
 
     // Converts HASHTREE descriptor to verity_table_params.
-    if (!hashtree_dm_verity_setup(fstab_entry, hashtree_descriptor, salt, root_digest)) {
-        return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL;
+    if (!hashtree_dm_verity_setup(fstab_entry, hashtree_descriptor, salt, root_digest,
+                                  wait_for_verity_dev)) {
+        return false;
     }
-
-    return FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_SUCCESS;
+    return true;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
index 8e49663..981e9fc 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
@@ -39,91 +39,10 @@
 #include "fs_mgr_avb_ops.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
-static std::string fstab_by_name_prefix;
-
-static std::string extract_by_name_prefix(struct fstab* fstab) {
-    // In AVB, we can assume that there's an entry for the /misc mount
-    // point in the fstab file and use that to get the device file for
-    // the misc partition. The device needs not to have an actual /misc
-    // partition. Then returns the prefix by removing the trailing "misc":
-    //
-    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/misc ->
-    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/
-
-    struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, "/misc");
-    if (fstab_entry == nullptr) {
-        LERROR << "/misc mount point not found in fstab";
-        return "";
-    }
-
-    std::string full_path(fstab_entry->blk_device);
-    size_t end_slash = full_path.find_last_of("/");
-
-    return full_path.substr(0, end_slash + 1);
-}
-
-static AvbIOResult read_from_partition(AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const char* partition,
-                                       int64_t offset, size_t num_bytes, void* buffer,
-                                       size_t* out_num_read) {
-    // The input |partition| name is with ab_suffix, e.g. system_a.
-    // Slot suffix (e.g. _a) will be appended to the device file path
-    // for partitions having 'slotselect' optin in fstab file, but it
-    // won't be appended to the mount point.
-    //
-    // Appends |partition| to the fstab_by_name_prefix, which is obtained
-    // by removing the trailing "misc" from the device file of /misc mount
-    // point. e.g.,
-    //
-    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/ ->
-    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a
-
-    std::string path = fstab_by_name_prefix + partition;
-
-    // Ensures the device path (a symlink created by init) is ready to
-    // access. fs_mgr_test_access() will test a few iterations if the
-    // path doesn't exist yet.
-    if (fs_mgr_test_access(path.c_str()) < 0) {
-        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PARTITION;
-    }
-
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
-
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to open " << path.c_str();
-        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
-    }
-
-    // If offset is negative, interprets its absolute value as the
-    //  number of bytes from the end of the partition.
-    if (offset < 0) {
-        off64_t total_size = lseek64(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
-        if (total_size == -1) {
-            LERROR << "Failed to lseek64 to end of the partition";
-            return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
-        }
-        offset = total_size + offset;
-        // Repositions the offset to the beginning.
-        if (lseek64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
-            LERROR << "Failed to lseek64 to the beginning of the partition";
-            return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // On Linux, we never get partial reads from block devices (except
-    // for EOF).
-    ssize_t num_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread64(fd, buffer, num_bytes, offset));
-
-    if (num_read < 0 || (size_t)num_read != num_bytes) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to read " << num_bytes << " bytes from " << path.c_str() << " offset "
-               << offset;
-        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
-    }
-
-    if (out_num_read != nullptr) {
-        *out_num_read = num_read;
-    }
-
-    return AVB_IO_RESULT_OK;
+static AvbIOResult read_from_partition(AvbOps* ops, const char* partition, int64_t offset,
+                                       size_t num_bytes, void* buffer, size_t* out_num_read) {
+    return FsManagerAvbOps::GetInstanceFromAvbOps(ops)->ReadFromPartition(
+        partition, offset, num_bytes, buffer, out_num_read);
 }
 
 static AvbIOResult dummy_read_rollback_index(AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
@@ -145,7 +64,6 @@
     // Addtionally, user-space should check
     // androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest} against the digest
     // of all vbmeta images after invoking avb_slot_verify().
-
     *out_is_trusted = true;
     return AVB_IO_RESULT_OK;
 }
@@ -170,28 +88,86 @@
     return AVB_IO_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
-AvbOps* fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_new(struct fstab* fstab) {
-    AvbOps* ops;
-
-    fstab_by_name_prefix = extract_by_name_prefix(fstab);
-    if (fstab_by_name_prefix.empty()) return nullptr;
-
-    ops = (AvbOps*)calloc(1, sizeof(AvbOps));
-    if (ops == nullptr) {
-        LERROR << "Error allocating memory for AvbOps";
-        return nullptr;
+FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps(const std::string& device_file_by_name_prefix)
+    : device_file_by_name_prefix_(device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    if (device_file_by_name_prefix_.back() != '/') {
+        device_file_by_name_prefix_ += '/';
     }
+    // We only need to provide the implementation of read_from_partition()
+    // operation since that's all what is being used by the avb_slot_verify().
+    // Other I/O operations are only required in bootloader but not in
+    // user-space so we set them as dummy operations.
+    avb_ops_.read_from_partition = read_from_partition;
+    avb_ops_.read_rollback_index = dummy_read_rollback_index;
+    avb_ops_.validate_vbmeta_public_key = dummy_validate_vbmeta_public_key;
+    avb_ops_.read_is_device_unlocked = dummy_read_is_device_unlocked;
+    avb_ops_.get_unique_guid_for_partition = dummy_get_unique_guid_for_partition;
 
-    // We only need these operations since that's all what is being used
-    // by the avb_slot_verify(); Most of them are dummy operations because
-    // they're only required in bootloader but not required in user-space.
-    ops->read_from_partition = read_from_partition;
-    ops->read_rollback_index = dummy_read_rollback_index;
-    ops->validate_vbmeta_public_key = dummy_validate_vbmeta_public_key;
-    ops->read_is_device_unlocked = dummy_read_is_device_unlocked;
-    ops->get_unique_guid_for_partition = dummy_get_unique_guid_for_partition;
-
-    return ops;
+    // Sets user_data for GetInstanceFromAvbOps() to convert it back to FsManagerAvbOps.
+    avb_ops_.user_data = this;
 }
 
-void fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_free(AvbOps* ops) { free(ops); }
+AvbIOResult FsManagerAvbOps::ReadFromPartition(const char* partition, int64_t offset,
+                                               size_t num_bytes, void* buffer,
+                                               size_t* out_num_read) {
+    // Appends |partition| to the device_file_by_name_prefix_, e.g.,
+    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/ ->
+    //    - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a
+    std::string path = device_file_by_name_prefix_ + partition;
+
+    // Ensures the device path (a symlink created by init) is ready to
+    // access. fs_mgr_test_access() will test a few iterations if the
+    // path doesn't exist yet.
+    if (fs_mgr_test_access(path.c_str()) < 0) {
+        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PARTITION;
+    }
+
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to open " << path.c_str();
+        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
+    }
+
+    // If offset is negative, interprets its absolute value as the
+    //  number of bytes from the end of the partition.
+    if (offset < 0) {
+        off64_t total_size = lseek64(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
+        if (total_size == -1) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to lseek64 to end of the partition";
+            return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
+        }
+        offset = total_size + offset;
+        // Repositions the offset to the beginning.
+        if (lseek64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) == -1) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to lseek64 to the beginning of the partition";
+            return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // On Linux, we never get partial reads from block devices (except
+    // for EOF).
+    ssize_t num_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread64(fd, buffer, num_bytes, offset));
+    if (num_read < 0 || (size_t)num_read != num_bytes) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to read " << num_bytes << " bytes from " << path.c_str() << " offset "
+               << offset;
+        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_IO;
+    }
+
+    if (out_num_read != nullptr) {
+        *out_num_read = num_read;
+    }
+
+    return AVB_IO_RESULT_OK;
+}
+
+AvbSlotVerifyResult FsManagerAvbOps::AvbSlotVerify(const std::string& ab_suffix,
+                                                   bool allow_verification_error,
+                                                   AvbSlotVerifyData** out_data) {
+    // Invokes avb_slot_verify() to load and verify all vbmeta images.
+    // Sets requested_partitions to nullptr as it's to copy the contents
+    // of HASH partitions into handle>avb_slot_data_, which is not required as
+    // fs_mgr only deals with HASHTREE partitions.
+    const char* requested_partitions[] = {nullptr};
+    return avb_slot_verify(&avb_ops_, requested_partitions, ab_suffix.c_str(),
+                           allow_verification_error, out_data);
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.h
index bfdec9a..ec4a8c9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.h
@@ -29,31 +29,34 @@
 
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
 
-__BEGIN_DECLS
+// This class provides C++ bindings to interact with libavb, a small
+// self-contained piece of code that's intended to be used in bootloaders.
+// It mainly contains two functions:
+//   - ReadFromPartition(): to read AVB metadata from a given partition.
+//     It provides the implementation of AvbOps.read_from_partition() when
+//     reading metadata through libavb.
+//   - AvbSlotVerify(): the C++ binding of libavb->avb_slot_verify() to
+//     read and verify the metadata and store it into the out_data parameter.
+//     The caller MUST check the integrity of metadata against the
+//     androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest} values from /proc/cmdline.
+//     e.g., see class FsManagerAvbVerifier for more details.
+//
+class FsManagerAvbOps {
+  public:
+    FsManagerAvbOps(const std::string& device_file_by_name_prefix);
 
-/* Allocates a "dummy" AvbOps instance solely for use in user-space.
- * Returns nullptr on OOM.
- *
- * It mainly provides read_from_partitions() for user-space to get
- * AvbSlotVerifyData.vbmeta_images[] and the caller MUST check their
- * integrity against the androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest}
- * values from /proc/cmdline, e.g. verify_vbmeta_images()
- * in fs_mgr_avb.cpp.
- *
- * Other I/O operations are only required in boot loader so we set
- * them as dummy operations here.
- *  - Will allow any public key for signing.
- *  - returns 0 for any rollback index location.
- *  - returns device is unlocked regardless of the actual state.
- *  - returns a dummy guid for any partition.
- *
- * Frees with fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_free().
- */
-AvbOps* fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_new(struct fstab* fstab);
+    static FsManagerAvbOps* GetInstanceFromAvbOps(AvbOps* ops) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<FsManagerAvbOps*>(ops->user_data);
+    }
 
-/* Frees an AvbOps instance previously allocated with fs_mgr_avb_ops_new(). */
-void fs_mgr_dummy_avb_ops_free(AvbOps* ops);
+    AvbIOResult ReadFromPartition(const char* partition, int64_t offset, size_t num_bytes,
+                                  void* buffer, size_t* out_num_read);
 
-__END_DECLS
+    AvbSlotVerifyResult AvbSlotVerify(const std::string& ab_suffix, bool allow_verification_error,
+                                      AvbSlotVerifyData** out_data);
 
+  private:
+    AvbOps avb_ops_;
+    std::string device_file_by_name_prefix_;
+};
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_OPS_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index 0406efd..dc73c24 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -526,7 +526,7 @@
         cnt++;
     }
     /* If an A/B partition, modify block device to be the real block device */
-    if (fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(fstab) != 0) {
+    if (!fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(fstab)) {
         LERROR << "Error updating for slotselect";
         goto err;
     }
@@ -768,6 +768,11 @@
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFY;
 }
 
+int fs_mgr_is_avb(const struct fstab_rec *fstab)
+{
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB;
+}
+
 int fs_mgr_is_verifyatboot(const struct fstab_rec *fstab)
 {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFYATBOOT;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
index 377d2ec..c985462 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@
 #define PWARNING PLOG(WARNING) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define PERROR   PLOG(ERROR) << FS_MGR_TAG
 
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
 #define CRYPTO_TMPFS_OPTIONS "size=256m,mode=0771,uid=1000,gid=1000"
 
 #define WAIT_TIMEOUT 20
@@ -114,10 +112,9 @@
 
 int fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const char *blockdev);
 int fs_mgr_test_access(const char *device);
-int fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab);
+bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab);
 bool is_dt_compatible();
 bool is_device_secure();
-
-__END_DECLS
+int load_verity_state(struct fstab_rec* fstab, int* mode);
 
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb.h
deleted file mode 100644
index dce9f61..0000000
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_H
-
-#ifndef __cplusplus
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
-
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-#define FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_HASHTREE_DISABLED (-2)
-#define FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL (-1)
-#define FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_SUCCESS 0
-
-bool fs_mgr_is_avb_used();
-
-/* Gets AVB metadata through external/avb/libavb for all partitions:
- * AvbSlotVerifyData.vbmeta_images[] and checks their integrity
- * against the androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest} values
- * from /proc/cmdline.
- *
- * Return values:
- *   - FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_SUCCESS: the metadata cab be trusted.
- *   - FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_FAIL: any error when reading and verifying the
- *     metadata, e.g. I/O error, digest value mismatch, size mismatch.
- *   - FS_MGR_SETUP_AVB_HASHTREE_DISABLED: to support the existing
- *     'adb disable-verity' feature in Android. It's very helpful for
- *     developers to make the filesystem writable to allow replacing
- *     binaries on the device.
- */
-int fs_mgr_load_vbmeta_images(struct fstab* fstab);
-
-void fs_mgr_unload_vbmeta_images();
-
-int fs_mgr_setup_avb(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry);
-
-__END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
index 882411b..5b53eea 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
@@ -20,16 +20,18 @@
 #include <openssl/sha.h>
 
 class SHA256Hasher {
-   private:
+  private:
     SHA256_CTX sha256_ctx;
     uint8_t hash[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
 
-   public:
+  public:
     enum { DIGEST_SIZE = SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH };
 
     SHA256Hasher() { SHA256_Init(&sha256_ctx); }
 
-    void update(const void* data, size_t data_size) { SHA256_Update(&sha256_ctx, data, data_size); }
+    void update(const uint8_t* data, size_t data_size) {
+        SHA256_Update(&sha256_ctx, data, data_size);
+    }
 
     const uint8_t* finalize() {
         SHA256_Final(hash, &sha256_ctx);
@@ -38,11 +40,11 @@
 };
 
 class SHA512Hasher {
-   private:
+  private:
     SHA512_CTX sha512_ctx;
     uint8_t hash[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
 
-   public:
+  public:
     enum { DIGEST_SIZE = SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH };
 
     SHA512Hasher() { SHA512_Init(&sha512_ctx); }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
index 7a45473..9ca15e2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
@@ -16,37 +16,47 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
-// Updates |fstab| for slot_suffix. Returns 0 on success, -1 on error.
-int fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab)
-{
+// Returns "_a" or "_b" based on two possible values in kernel cmdline:
+//   - androidboot.slot = a or b OR
+//   - androidboot.slot_suffix = _a or _b
+// TODO: remove slot_suffix once it's deprecated.
+std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix() {
+    std::string slot;
+    std::string ab_suffix;
+
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot", &slot)) {
+        ab_suffix = "_" + slot;
+    } else if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot_suffix", &ab_suffix)) {
+        ab_suffix = "";
+    }
+    return ab_suffix;
+}
+
+// Updates |fstab| for slot_suffix. Returns true on success, false on error.
+bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab) {
     int n;
-    int got_suffix = 0;
-    std::string suffix;
+    std::string ab_suffix;
 
     for (n = 0; n < fstab->num_entries; n++) {
         if (fstab->recs[n].fs_mgr_flags & MF_SLOTSELECT) {
             char *tmp;
-
-            if (!got_suffix) {
-                std::string slot;
-                if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot", &slot)) {
-                    suffix = "_" + slot;
-                } else if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot_suffix", &suffix)) {
-                    // remove slot_suffix once bootloaders update to new androidboot.slot param
-                    return -1;
-                }
+            if (ab_suffix.empty()) {
+                ab_suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
+                // Returns false as non A/B devices should not have MF_SLOTSELECT.
+                if (ab_suffix.empty()) return false;
             }
-
-            if (asprintf(&tmp, "%s%s", fstab->recs[n].blk_device, suffix.c_str()) > 0) {
+            if (asprintf(&tmp, "%s%s", fstab->recs[n].blk_device, ab_suffix.c_str()) > 0) {
                 free(fstab->recs[n].blk_device);
                 fstab->recs[n].blk_device = tmp;
             } else {
-                return -1;
+                return false;
             }
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return true;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
index 8c7a8ca..0bf173b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
@@ -653,8 +653,7 @@
                 offset);
 }
 
-static int load_verity_state(struct fstab_rec *fstab, int *mode)
-{
+int load_verity_state(struct fstab_rec* fstab, int* mode) {
     int match = 0;
     off64_t offset = 0;
 
@@ -690,129 +689,6 @@
     return read_verity_state(fstab->verity_loc, offset, mode);
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_load_verity_state(int *mode)
-{
-    int rc = -1;
-    int i;
-    int current;
-    struct fstab *fstab = NULL;
-
-    /* return the default mode, unless any of the verified partitions are in
-     * logging mode, in which case return that */
-    *mode = VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT;
-
-    fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab_default();
-    if (!fstab) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_is_verified(&fstab->recs[i])) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        rc = load_verity_state(&fstab->recs[i], &current);
-        if (rc < 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (current != VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT) {
-            *mode = current;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    rc = 0;
-
-out:
-    if (fstab) {
-        fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
-    }
-
-    return rc;
-}
-
-int fs_mgr_update_verity_state(fs_mgr_verity_state_callback callback)
-{
-    alignas(dm_ioctl) char buffer[DM_BUF_SIZE];
-    bool system_root = false;
-    std::string mount_point;
-    char propbuf[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    const char *status;
-    int fd = -1;
-    int i;
-    int mode;
-    int rc = -1;
-    struct dm_ioctl *io = (struct dm_ioctl *) buffer;
-    struct fstab *fstab = NULL;
-
-    if (!callback) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (fs_mgr_load_verity_state(&mode) == -1) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/device-mapper", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        PERROR << "Error opening device mapper";
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    property_get("ro.build.system_root_image", propbuf, "");
-    system_root = !strcmp(propbuf, "true");
-    fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab_default();
-    if (!fstab) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_is_verified(&fstab->recs[i])) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (system_root && !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/")) {
-            mount_point = "system";
-        } else {
-            mount_point = basename(fstab->recs[i].mount_point);
-        }
-
-        fs_mgr_verity_ioctl_init(io, mount_point, 0);
-
-        if (ioctl(fd, DM_TABLE_STATUS, io)) {
-            if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFYATBOOT) {
-                status = "V";
-            } else {
-                PERROR << "Failed to query DM_TABLE_STATUS for "
-                       << mount_point.c_str();
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-
-        status = &buffer[io->data_start + sizeof(struct dm_target_spec)];
-
-        if (*status == 'C' || *status == 'V') {
-            callback(&fstab->recs[i], mount_point.c_str(), mode, *status);
-        }
-    }
-
-    rc = 0;
-
-out:
-    if (fstab) {
-        fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
-    }
-
-    if (fd) {
-        close(fd);
-    }
-
-    return rc;
-}
-
 static void update_verity_table_blk_device(char *blk_device, char **table)
 {
     std::string result, word;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
index 4b626de..12db672 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <linux/dm-ioctl.h>
 
+// C++ only headers
+// TODO: move this into separate header files under include/fs_mgr/*.h
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include <string>
+#endif
+
 // Magic number at start of verity metadata
 #define VERITY_METADATA_MAGIC_NUMBER 0xb001b001
 
@@ -29,9 +35,7 @@
 // turn verity off in userdebug builds.
 #define VERITY_METADATA_MAGIC_DISABLE 0x46464f56 // "VOFF"
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+__BEGIN_DECLS
 
 // Verity modes
 enum verity_mode {
@@ -109,8 +113,8 @@
 int fs_mgr_unmount_all(struct fstab *fstab);
 int fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(struct fstab *fstab, char *key_loc,
                           char *real_blk_device, int size);
-int fs_mgr_load_verity_state(int *mode);
-int fs_mgr_update_verity_state(fs_mgr_verity_state_callback callback);
+bool fs_mgr_load_verity_state(int* mode);
+bool fs_mgr_update_verity_state(fs_mgr_verity_state_callback callback);
 int fs_mgr_add_entry(struct fstab *fstab,
                      const char *mount_point, const char *fs_type,
                      const char *blk_device);
@@ -119,6 +123,7 @@
 int fs_mgr_is_nonremovable(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_verified(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_verifyatboot(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_avb(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_encryptable(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_file_encrypted(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
 const char* fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_mode(const struct fstab_rec *fstab);
@@ -139,8 +144,12 @@
 #define FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SUCCESS 0
 int fs_mgr_setup_verity(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
 
+__END_DECLS
+
+// C++ only functions
+// TODO: move this into separate header files under include/fs_mgr/*.h
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-}
+std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
 #endif
 
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..526a5ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H
+#define __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <libavb/libavb.h>
+
+#include "fs_mgr.h"
+
+enum FsManagerAvbHandleStatus {
+    kFsManagerAvbHandleSuccess = 0,
+    kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled = 1,
+    kFsManagerAvbHandleFail = 2,
+};
+
+class FsManagerAvbHandle;
+using FsManagerAvbUniquePtr = std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbHandle>;
+
+// Provides a factory method to return a unique_ptr pointing to itself and the
+// SetUpAvb() function to extract dm-verity parameters from AVB metadata to
+// load verity table into kernel through ioctl.
+class FsManagerAvbHandle {
+  public:
+    // The factory method to return a FsManagerAvbUniquePtr that holds
+    // the verified AVB (external/avb) metadata of all verified partitions
+    // in avb_slot_data_.vbmeta_images[].
+    //
+    // The metadata is checked against the following values from /proc/cmdline.
+    //   - androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest}.
+    //
+    // A typical usage will be:
+    //   - FsManagerAvbUniquePtr handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open();
+    //
+    // Possible return values:
+    //   - nullptr: any error when reading and verifying the metadata,
+    //     e.g., I/O error, digest value mismatch, size mismatch, etc.
+    //
+    //   - a valid unique_ptr with status kFsMgrAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled:
+    //     to support the existing 'adb disable-verity' feature in Android.
+    //     It's very helpful for developers to make the filesystem writable to
+    //     allow replacing binaries on the device.
+    //
+    //   - a valid unique_ptr with status kFsMgrAvbHandleSuccess: the metadata
+    //     is verified and can be trusted.
+    //
+    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr Open(const std::string& device_file_by_name_prefix);
+
+    // Sets up dm-verity on the given fstab entry.
+    // The 'wait_for_verity_dev' parameter makes this function wait for the
+    // verity device to get created before return.
+    // Returns true if the mount point is eligible to mount, it includes:
+    //   - status_ is kFsMgrAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled or
+    //   - status_ is kFsMgrAvbHandleSuccess and sending ioctl DM_TABLE_LOAD
+    //     to load verity table is success.
+    // Otherwise, returns false.
+    bool SetUpAvb(fstab_rec* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
+
+    bool AvbHashtreeDisabled() { return status_ == kFsManagerAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled; }
+
+    FsManagerAvbHandle(const FsManagerAvbHandle&) = delete;             // no copy
+    FsManagerAvbHandle& operator=(const FsManagerAvbHandle&) = delete;  // no assignment
+
+    FsManagerAvbHandle(FsManagerAvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;             // no move
+    FsManagerAvbHandle& operator=(FsManagerAvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;  // no move assignment
+
+    ~FsManagerAvbHandle() {
+        if (avb_slot_data_) {
+            avb_slot_verify_data_free(avb_slot_data_);
+        }
+    };
+
+  protected:
+    FsManagerAvbHandle() : avb_slot_data_(nullptr), status_(kFsManagerAvbHandleFail) {}
+
+  private:
+    AvbSlotVerifyData* avb_slot_data_;
+    FsManagerAvbHandleStatus status_;
+};
+
+#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H */
diff --git a/include/backtrace b/include/backtrace
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..93ce2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/backtrace
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../libbacktrace/include/backtrace
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h b/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
index 45266de..929b8ae 100644
--- a/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
+++ b/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
@@ -116,14 +116,25 @@
 // Use NativeBridgeIsSupported() instead in non-namespace scenario.
 bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path);
 
-// Initializes public and anonymous namespace at native bridge side.
+// Initializes anonymous namespace.
+// NativeBridge's peer of android_init_anonymous_namespace() of dynamic linker.
+//
+// The anonymous namespace is used in the case when a NativeBridge implementation
+// cannot identify the caller of dlopen/dlsym which happens for the code not loaded
+// by dynamic linker; for example calls from the mono-compiled code.
 //
 // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
 // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-bool NativeBridgeInitNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                               const char* anon_ns_library_path);
+bool NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
+                                        const char* anon_ns_library_path);
 
-// Create a namespace and pass the key of related namespaces to native bridge.
+// Create new namespace in which native libraries will be loaded.
+// NativeBridge's peer of android_create_namespace() of dynamic linker.
+//
+// The libraries in the namespace are searched by folowing order:
+// 1. ld_library_path (Think of this as namespace-local LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
+// 2. In directories specified by DT_RUNPATH of the "needed by" binary.
+// 3. deault_library_path (This of this as namespace-local default library path)
 //
 // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
 // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
@@ -134,7 +145,17 @@
                                                        const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
                                                        native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
 
+// Creates a link which shares some libraries from one namespace to another.
+// NativeBridge's peer of android_link_namespaces() of dynamic linker.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
+bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(native_bridge_namespace_t* from, native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
+                                const char* shared_libs_sonames);
+
 // Load a shared library with namespace key that is supported by the native bridge.
+// NativeBridge's peer of android_dlopen_ext() of dynamic linker, only supports namespace
+// extension.
 //
 // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
 // Use NativeBridgeLoadLibrary() instead in non-namespace scenario.
@@ -152,7 +173,7 @@
   // Parameters:
   //   runtime_cbs [IN] the pointer to NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks.
   // Returns:
-  //   true iff initialization was successful.
+  //   true if initialization was successful.
   bool (*initialize)(const NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_cbs, const char* private_dir,
                      const char* instruction_set);
 
@@ -194,10 +215,10 @@
   // instruction set.
   //
   // Parameters:
-  //    instruction_set [IN] the instruction set of the app
+  //   instruction_set [IN] the instruction set of the app
   // Returns:
-  //    NULL if not supported by native bridge.
-  //    Otherwise, return all environment values to be set after fork.
+  //   NULL if not supported by native bridge.
+  //   Otherwise, return all environment values to be set after fork.
   const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* (*getAppEnv)(const char* instruction_set);
 
   // Added callbacks in version 2.
@@ -206,9 +227,9 @@
   // forwards- or backwards-compatible, and libnativebridge will then stop using it.
   //
   // Parameters:
-  //     bridge_version [IN] the version of libnativebridge.
+  //   bridge_version [IN] the version of libnativebridge.
   // Returns:
-  //     true iff the native bridge supports the given version of libnativebridge.
+  //   true if the native bridge supports the given version of libnativebridge.
   bool (*isCompatibleWith)(uint32_t bridge_version);
 
   // A callback to retrieve a native bridge's signal handler for the specified signal. The runtime
@@ -217,12 +238,12 @@
   // that will potentially lead to cycles.
   //
   // Parameters:
-  //     signal [IN] the signal for which the handler is asked for. Currently, only SIGSEGV is
+  //   signal [IN] the signal for which the handler is asked for. Currently, only SIGSEGV is
   //                 supported by the runtime.
   // Returns:
-  //     NULL if the native bridge doesn't use a handler or doesn't want it to be managed by the
-  //     runtime.
-  //     Otherwise, a pointer to the signal handler.
+  //   NULL if the native bridge doesn't use a handler or doesn't want it to be managed by the
+  //   runtime.
+  //   Otherwise, a pointer to the signal handler.
   NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn (*getSignalHandler)(int signal);
 
   // Added callbacks in version 3.
@@ -231,7 +252,7 @@
   // to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded.
   //
   // Parameters:
-  //     handle [IN] the handler of a dynamic library.
+  //   handle [IN] the handler of a dynamic library.
   //
   // Returns:
   //   0 on success, and nonzero on error.
@@ -257,33 +278,36 @@
   // Use isSupported instead in non-namespace scenario.
   bool (*isPathSupported)(const char* library_path);
 
-  // Initializes anonymous namespace at native bridge side and pass the key of
-  // two namespaces(default and anonymous) owned by dynamic linker to native bridge.
+  // Initializes anonymous namespace at native bridge side.
+  // NativeBridge's peer of android_init_anonymous_namespace() of dynamic linker.
+  //
+  // The anonymous namespace is used in the case when a NativeBridge implementation
+  // cannot identify the caller of dlopen/dlsym which happens for the code not loaded
+  // by dynamic linker; for example calls from the mono-compiled code.
   //
   // Parameters:
-  //     public_ns_sonames [IN] the name of "public" libraries.
-  //     anon_ns_library_path [IN] the library search path of (anonymous) namespace.
+  //   public_ns_sonames [IN] the name of "public" libraries.
+  //   anon_ns_library_path [IN] the library search path of (anonymous) namespace.
   // Returns:
-  //     true if the pass is ok.
-  //     Otherwise, false.
+  //   true if the pass is ok.
+  //   Otherwise, false.
   //
   // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
   // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-  bool (*initNamespace)(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                        const char* anon_ns_library_path);
+  bool (*initAnonymousNamespace)(const char* public_ns_sonames, const char* anon_ns_library_path);
 
-
-  // Create a namespace and pass the key of releated namespaces to native bridge.
+  // Create new namespace in which native libraries will be loaded.
+  // NativeBridge's peer of android_create_namespace() of dynamic linker.
   //
   // Parameters:
-  //     name [IN] the name of the namespace.
-  //     ld_library_path [IN] the first set of library search paths of the namespace.
-  //     default_library_path [IN] the second set of library search path of the namespace.
-  //     type [IN] the attribute of the namespace.
-  //     permitted_when_isolated_path [IN] the permitted path for isolated namespace(if it is).
-  //     parent_ns [IN] the pointer of the parent namespace to be inherited from.
+  //   name [IN] the name of the namespace.
+  //   ld_library_path [IN] the first set of library search paths of the namespace.
+  //   default_library_path [IN] the second set of library search path of the namespace.
+  //   type [IN] the attribute of the namespace.
+  //   permitted_when_isolated_path [IN] the permitted path for isolated namespace(if it is).
+  //   parent_ns [IN] the pointer of the parent namespace to be inherited from.
   // Returns:
-  //     native_bridge_namespace_t* for created namespace or nullptr in the case of error.
+  //   native_bridge_namespace_t* for created namespace or nullptr in the case of error.
   //
   // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
   // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
@@ -294,7 +318,25 @@
                                                 const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
                                                 native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
 
+  // Creates a link which shares some libraries from one namespace to another.
+  // NativeBridge's peer of android_link_namespaces() of dynamic linker.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //   from [IN] the namespace where libraries are accessed.
+  //   to [IN] the namespace where libraries are loaded.
+  //   shared_libs_sonames [IN] the libraries to be shared.
+  //
+  // Returns:
+  //   Whether successed or not.
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
+  bool (*linkNamespaces)(native_bridge_namespace_t* from, native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
+                         const char* shared_libs_sonames);
+
   // Load a shared library within a namespace.
+  // NativeBridge's peer of android_dlopen_ext() of dynamic linker, only supports namespace
+  // extension.
   //
   // Parameters:
   //   libpath [IN] path to the shared library
diff --git a/include/system b/include/system
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..91d45be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/system
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../libsystem/include/system/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h b/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
index 41ca2e1..08ead48 100644
--- a/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
+++ b/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
     uint32_t uncompressed_size;
     uint16_t last_mod_time;
     uint16_t last_mod_date;
-    uint32_t local_file_header_offset;
+    uint32_t padding_length;
+    off64_t local_file_header_offset;
   };
 
   static const char* ErrorCodeString(int32_t error_code);
@@ -172,6 +173,7 @@
   };
 
   FILE* file_;
+  bool seekable_;
   off64_t current_offset_;
   State state_;
   std::vector<FileEntry> files_;
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 1ca88d7..c9bf9fc 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@
 init_options += \
     -DALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE=1 \
     -DALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX=1 \
-    -DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=1
+    -DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=1 \
+    -DWORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG=1 \
+    -DDUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE=1
 else
 init_options += \
     -DALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE=0 \
     -DALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX=0 \
-    -DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=0
+    -DREBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC=0 \
+    -DWORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG=0 \
+    -DDUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE=0
 endif
 
 ifneq (,$(filter eng,$(TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT)))
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@
     action.cpp \
     capabilities.cpp \
     descriptors.cpp \
+    devices.cpp \
     import_parser.cpp \
     init_parser.cpp \
     log.cpp \
@@ -81,7 +86,6 @@
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
     bootchart.cpp \
     builtins.cpp \
-    devices.cpp \
     init.cpp \
     keychords.cpp \
     property_service.cpp \
@@ -107,8 +111,8 @@
     libfec_rs \
     libsquashfs_utils \
     liblogwrap \
-    libcutils \
     libext4_utils \
+    libcutils \
     libbase \
     libc \
     libselinux \
@@ -138,13 +142,15 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := init_tests
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+    devices_test.cpp \
     init_parser_test.cpp \
     property_service_test.cpp \
     util_test.cpp \
 
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
-    libcutils \
     libbase \
+    libcutils \
+    libselinux \
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libinit
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := integer
diff --git a/init/action.cpp b/init/action.cpp
index 2ccf0bc..347edb0 100644
--- a/init/action.cpp
+++ b/init/action.cpp
@@ -16,16 +16,11 @@
 
 #include "action.h"
 
-#include <errno.h>
-
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 
-#include "builtins.h"
-#include "error.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::Join;
diff --git a/init/bootchart.cpp b/init/bootchart.cpp
index beabea1..825603a 100644
--- a/init/bootchart.cpp
+++ b/init/bootchart.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "bootchart.h"
 
 #include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -31,9 +30,7 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <string>
 #include <thread>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 64c00e9..2327cdf 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -19,33 +19,28 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/loop.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
-#include <signal.h>
 #include <sched.h>
+#include <signal.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/system_properties.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <linux/loop.h>
-#include <linux/module.h>
-
-#include <string>
-#include <thread>
-
-#include <selinux/android.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
-#include <selinux/label.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -55,14 +50,14 @@
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt_init_extensions.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
-#include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
 #include "bootchart.h"
-#include "devices.h"
 #include "init.h"
 #include "init_parser.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "reboot.h"
 #include "service.h"
@@ -612,7 +607,7 @@
     bool runFsck = false;
     bool commandInvalid = false;
 
-    if (cmd_params.size() > 2) {
+    if (cmd_params.size() > 3) {
         commandInvalid = true;
     } else if (cmd_params[0] == "shutdown") {
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_POWEROFF;
@@ -624,7 +619,7 @@
         }
     } else if (cmd_params[0] == "reboot") {
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_RESTART2;
-        if (cmd_params.size() == 2) {
+        if (cmd_params.size() >= 2) {
             reboot_target = cmd_params[1];
             // When rebooting to the bootloader notify the bootloader writing
             // also the BCB.
@@ -636,6 +631,10 @@
                                << err;
                 }
             }
+            // If there is an additional bootloader parameter, pass it along
+            if (cmd_params.size() == 3) {
+                reboot_target += "," + cmd_params[2];
+            }
         }
     } else if (command == "thermal-shutdown") {  // no additional parameter allowed
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF;
@@ -678,11 +677,11 @@
 
 static int do_verity_load_state(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     int mode = -1;
-    int rc = fs_mgr_load_verity_state(&mode);
-    if (rc == 0 && mode != VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT) {
+    bool loaded = fs_mgr_load_verity_state(&mode);
+    if (loaded && mode != VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT) {
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("verity-logging");
     }
-    return rc;
+    return loaded ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static void verity_update_property(fstab_rec *fstab, const char *mount_point,
@@ -692,7 +691,7 @@
 }
 
 static int do_verity_update_state(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return fs_mgr_update_verity_state(verity_update_property);
+    return fs_mgr_update_verity_state(verity_update_property) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_write(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
diff --git a/init/descriptors.cpp b/init/descriptors.cpp
index 6e457cd..bc6bc8d 100644
--- a/init/descriptors.cpp
+++ b/init/descriptors.cpp
@@ -19,16 +19,15 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/android_get_control_file.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 
 #include "init.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 DescriptorInfo::DescriptorInfo(const std::string& name, const std::string& type, uid_t uid,
diff --git a/init/devices.cpp b/init/devices.cpp
index 405f92e..6cd3564 100644
--- a/init/devices.cpp
+++ b/init/devices.cpp
@@ -19,41 +19,41 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/sendfile.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <linux/netlink.h>
-
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <thread>
-
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
-#include <selinux/label.h>
-#include <selinux/android.h>
-#include <selinux/avc.h>
-
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/list.h>
 #include <cutils/uevent.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/avc.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "devices.h"
 #include "ueventd_parser.h"
 #include "util.h"
-#include "log.h"
 
 #define SYSFS_PREFIX    "/sys"
 static const char *firmware_dirs[] = { "/etc/firmware",
@@ -182,9 +182,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-static mode_t get_device_perm(const char *path, const char **links,
-                unsigned *uid, unsigned *gid)
-{
+static mode_t get_device_perm(const char* path, const std::vector<std::string>& links,
+                              unsigned* uid, unsigned* gid) {
     struct listnode *node;
     struct perm_node *perm_node;
     struct perms_ *dp;
@@ -193,26 +192,12 @@
      * override ueventd.rc
      */
     list_for_each_reverse(node, &dev_perms) {
-        bool match = false;
-
         perm_node = node_to_item(node, struct perm_node, plist);
         dp = &perm_node->dp;
 
-        if (perm_path_matches(path, dp)) {
-            match = true;
-        } else {
-            if (links) {
-                int i;
-                for (i = 0; links[i]; i++) {
-                    if (perm_path_matches(links[i], dp)) {
-                        match = true;
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (match) {
+        if (perm_path_matches(path, dp) ||
+            std::any_of(links.begin(), links.end(),
+                        [dp](const auto& link) { return perm_path_matches(link.c_str(), dp); })) {
             *uid = dp->uid;
             *gid = dp->gid;
             return dp->perm;
@@ -224,11 +209,8 @@
     return 0600;
 }
 
-static void make_device(const char *path,
-                        const char */*upath*/,
-                        int block, int major, int minor,
-                        const char **links)
-{
+static void make_device(const char* path, const char* /*upath*/, int block, int major, int minor,
+                        const std::vector<std::string>& links) {
     unsigned uid;
     unsigned gid;
     mode_t mode;
@@ -238,7 +220,12 @@
     mode = get_device_perm(path, links, &uid, &gid) | (block ? S_IFBLK : S_IFCHR);
 
     if (sehandle) {
-        if (selabel_lookup_best_match(sehandle, &secontext, path, links, mode)) {
+        std::vector<const char*> c_links;
+        for (const auto& link : links) {
+            c_links.emplace_back(link.c_str());
+        }
+        c_links.emplace_back(nullptr);
+        if (selabel_lookup_best_match(sehandle, &secontext, path, &c_links[0], mode)) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "Device '" << path << "' not created; cannot find SELinux label";
             return;
         }
@@ -286,8 +273,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void add_platform_device(const char *path)
-{
+void add_platform_device(const char* path) {
     int path_len = strlen(path);
     struct platform_node *bus;
     const char *name = path;
@@ -329,8 +315,7 @@
     return NULL;
 }
 
-static void remove_platform_device(const char *path)
-{
+void remove_platform_device(const char* path) {
     struct listnode *node;
     struct platform_node *bus;
 
@@ -362,60 +347,55 @@
 /* Given a path that may start with a PCI device, populate the supplied buffer
  * with the PCI domain/bus number and the peripheral ID and return 0.
  * If it doesn't start with a PCI device, or there is some error, return -1 */
-static int find_pci_device_prefix(const char *path, char *buf, ssize_t buf_sz)
-{
-    const char *start, *end;
+static bool find_pci_device_prefix(const std::string& path, std::string* result) {
+    result->clear();
 
-    if (strncmp(path, "/devices/pci", 12))
-        return -1;
+    if (!android::base::StartsWith(path, "/devices/pci")) return false;
 
     /* Beginning of the prefix is the initial "pci" after "/devices/" */
-    start = path + 9;
+    std::string::size_type start = 9;
 
     /* End of the prefix is two path '/' later, capturing the domain/bus number
      * and the peripheral ID. Example: pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2 */
-    end = strchr(start, '/');
-    if (!end)
-        return -1;
-    end = strchr(end + 1, '/');
-    if (!end)
-        return -1;
+    auto end = path.find('/', start);
+    if (end == std::string::npos) return false;
 
-    /* Make sure we have enough room for the string plus null terminator */
-    if (end - start + 1 > buf_sz)
-        return -1;
+    end = path.find('/', end + 1);
+    if (end == std::string::npos) return false;
 
-    strncpy(buf, start, end - start);
-    buf[end - start] = '\0';
-    return 0;
+    auto length = end - start;
+    if (length <= 4) {
+        // The minimum string that will get to this check is 'pci/', which is malformed,
+        // so return false
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *result = path.substr(start, length);
+    return true;
 }
 
 /* Given a path that may start with a virtual block device, populate
  * the supplied buffer with the virtual block device ID and return 0.
  * If it doesn't start with a virtual block device, or there is some
  * error, return -1 */
-static int find_vbd_device_prefix(const char *path, char *buf, ssize_t buf_sz)
-{
-    const char *start, *end;
+static bool find_vbd_device_prefix(const std::string& path, std::string* result) {
+    result->clear();
+
+    if (!android::base::StartsWith(path, "/devices/vbd-")) return false;
 
     /* Beginning of the prefix is the initial "vbd-" after "/devices/" */
-    if (strncmp(path, "/devices/vbd-", 13))
-        return -1;
+    std::string::size_type start = 13;
 
     /* End of the prefix is one path '/' later, capturing the
        virtual block device ID. Example: 768 */
-    start = path + 13;
-    end = strchr(start, '/');
-    if (!end)
-        return -1;
+    auto end = path.find('/', start);
+    if (end == std::string::npos) return false;
 
-    /* Make sure we have enough room for the string plus null terminator */
-    if (end - start + 1 > buf_sz)
-        return -1;
+    auto length = end - start;
+    if (length == 0) return false;
 
-    strncpy(buf, start, end - start);
-    buf[end - start] = '\0';
-    return 0;
+    *result = path.substr(start, length);
+    return true;
 }
 
 static void parse_event(const char *msg, struct uevent *uevent)
@@ -473,118 +453,108 @@
     }
 }
 
-static char **get_character_device_symlinks(struct uevent *uevent)
-{
-    const char *parent;
-    const char *slash;
-    char **links;
-    int link_num = 0;
-    int width;
-    struct platform_node *pdev;
-
-    pdev = find_platform_device(uevent->path);
-    if (!pdev)
-        return NULL;
-
-    links = (char**) malloc(sizeof(char *) * 2);
-    if (!links)
-        return NULL;
-    memset(links, 0, sizeof(char *) * 2);
+std::vector<std::string> get_character_device_symlinks(uevent* uevent) {
+    platform_node* pdev = find_platform_device(uevent->path);
+    if (!pdev) return {};
 
     /* skip "/devices/platform/<driver>" */
-    parent = strchr(uevent->path + pdev->path_len, '/');
-    if (!parent)
-        goto err;
+    std::string parent = std::string(uevent->path);
+    auto parent_start = parent.find('/', pdev->path_len);
+    if (parent_start == std::string::npos) return {};
 
-    if (!strncmp(parent, "/usb", 4)) {
-        /* skip root hub name and device. use device interface */
-        while (*++parent && *parent != '/');
-        if (*parent)
-            while (*++parent && *parent != '/');
-        if (!*parent)
-            goto err;
-        slash = strchr(++parent, '/');
-        if (!slash)
-            goto err;
-        width = slash - parent;
-        if (width <= 0)
-            goto err;
+    parent.erase(0, parent_start);
 
-        if (asprintf(&links[link_num], "/dev/usb/%s%.*s", uevent->subsystem, width, parent) > 0)
-            link_num++;
-        else
-            links[link_num] = NULL;
-        mkdir("/dev/usb", 0755);
-    }
-    else {
-        goto err;
-    }
+    if (!android::base::StartsWith(parent, "/usb")) return {};
+
+    // skip root hub name and device. use device interface
+    // skip 3 slashes, including the first / by starting the search at the 1st character, not 0th.
+    // then extract what comes between the 3rd and 4th slash
+    // e.g. "/usb/usb_device/name/tty2-1:1.0" -> "name"
+
+    std::string::size_type start = 0;
+    start = parent.find('/', start + 1);
+    if (start == std::string::npos) return {};
+
+    start = parent.find('/', start + 1);
+    if (start == std::string::npos) return {};
+
+    auto end = parent.find('/', start + 1);
+    if (end == std::string::npos) return {};
+
+    start++;  // Skip the first '/'
+
+    auto length = end - start;
+    if (length == 0) return {};
+
+    auto name_string = parent.substr(start, length);
+
+    // TODO: remove std::string() when uevent->subsystem is an std::string
+    std::vector<std::string> links;
+    links.emplace_back("/dev/usb/" + std::string(uevent->subsystem) + name_string);
+
+    mkdir("/dev/usb", 0755);
 
     return links;
-err:
-    free(links);
-    return NULL;
 }
 
-static char **get_block_device_symlinks(struct uevent *uevent)
-{
-    const char *device;
-    struct platform_node *pdev;
-    const char *slash;
-    const char *type;
-    char buf[256];
-    char link_path[256];
-    int link_num = 0;
-    char *p;
+// replaces any unacceptable characters with '_', the
+// length of the resulting string is equal to the input string
+void sanitize_partition_name(std::string* string) {
+    const char* accept =
+        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+        "0123456789"
+        "_-.";
+
+    if (!string) return;
+
+    std::string::size_type pos = 0;
+    while ((pos = string->find_first_not_of(accept, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        (*string)[pos] = '_';
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> get_block_device_symlinks(uevent* uevent) {
+    std::string device;
+    struct platform_node* pdev;
+    std::string type;
 
     pdev = find_platform_device(uevent->path);
     if (pdev) {
         device = pdev->name;
         type = "platform";
-    } else if (!find_pci_device_prefix(uevent->path, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
-        device = buf;
+    } else if (find_pci_device_prefix(uevent->path, &device)) {
         type = "pci";
-    } else if (!find_vbd_device_prefix(uevent->path, buf, sizeof(buf))) {
-        device = buf;
+    } else if (find_vbd_device_prefix(uevent->path, &device)) {
         type = "vbd";
     } else {
-        return NULL;
+        return {};
     }
 
-    char **links = (char**) malloc(sizeof(char *) * 4);
-    if (!links)
-        return NULL;
-    memset(links, 0, sizeof(char *) * 4);
+    std::vector<std::string> links;
 
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "found " << type << " device " << device;
 
-    snprintf(link_path, sizeof(link_path), "/dev/block/%s/%s", type, device);
+    auto link_path = "/dev/block/" + type + "/" + device;
 
     if (uevent->partition_name) {
-        p = strdup(uevent->partition_name);
-        sanitize(p);
-        if (strcmp(uevent->partition_name, p)) {
-            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Linking partition '" << uevent->partition_name << "' as '" << p << "'";
+        std::string partition_name_sanitized(uevent->partition_name);
+        sanitize_partition_name(&partition_name_sanitized);
+        if (partition_name_sanitized != uevent->partition_name) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Linking partition '" << uevent->partition_name << "' as '"
+                         << partition_name_sanitized << "'";
         }
-        if (asprintf(&links[link_num], "%s/by-name/%s", link_path, p) > 0)
-            link_num++;
-        else
-            links[link_num] = NULL;
-        free(p);
+        links.emplace_back(link_path + "/by-name/" + partition_name_sanitized);
     }
 
     if (uevent->partition_num >= 0) {
-        if (asprintf(&links[link_num], "%s/by-num/p%d", link_path, uevent->partition_num) > 0)
-            link_num++;
-        else
-            links[link_num] = NULL;
+        links.emplace_back(link_path + "/by-num/p" + std::to_string(uevent->partition_num));
     }
 
-    slash = strrchr(uevent->path, '/');
-    if (asprintf(&links[link_num], "%s/%s", link_path, slash + 1) > 0)
-        link_num++;
-    else
-        links[link_num] = NULL;
+    // TODO: remove uevent_path when uevent->path is an std::string
+    std::string uevent_path = uevent->path;
+    auto last_slash = uevent_path.rfind('/');
+    links.emplace_back(link_path + "/" + uevent_path.substr(last_slash + 1));
 
     return links;
 }
@@ -607,33 +577,21 @@
   if (android::base::Readlink(newpath, &path) && path == oldpath) unlink(newpath);
 }
 
-static void handle_device(const char *action, const char *devpath,
-        const char *path, int block, int major, int minor, char **links)
-{
+static void handle_device(const char* action, const char* devpath, const char* path, int block,
+                          int major, int minor, const std::vector<std::string>& links) {
     if(!strcmp(action, "add")) {
-        make_device(devpath, path, block, major, minor, (const char **)links);
-        if (links) {
-            for (int i = 0; links[i]; i++) {
-                make_link_init(devpath, links[i]);
-            }
+        make_device(devpath, path, block, major, minor, links);
+        for (const auto& link : links) {
+            make_link_init(devpath, link.c_str());
         }
     }
 
     if(!strcmp(action, "remove")) {
-        if (links) {
-            for (int i = 0; links[i]; i++) {
-                remove_link(devpath, links[i]);
-            }
+        for (const auto& link : links) {
+            remove_link(devpath, link.c_str());
         }
         unlink(devpath);
     }
-
-    if (links) {
-        for (int i = 0; links[i]; i++) {
-            free(links[i]);
-        }
-        free(links);
-    }
 }
 
 static void handle_platform_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)
@@ -646,95 +604,35 @@
         remove_platform_device(path);
 }
 
-static const char *parse_device_name(struct uevent *uevent, unsigned int len)
-{
-    const char *name;
+static void handle_block_device_event(uevent* uevent) {
+    // if it's not a /dev device, nothing to do
+    if (uevent->major < 0 || uevent->minor < 0) return;
 
-    /* if it's not a /dev device, nothing else to do */
-    if((uevent->major < 0) || (uevent->minor < 0))
-        return NULL;
-
-    /* do we have a name? */
-    name = strrchr(uevent->path, '/');
-    if(!name)
-        return NULL;
-    name++;
-
-    /* too-long names would overrun our buffer */
-    if(strlen(name) > len) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "DEVPATH=" << name << " exceeds " << len << "-character limit on filename; ignoring event";
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return name;
-}
-
-#define DEVPATH_LEN 96
-#define MAX_DEV_NAME 64
-
-static void handle_block_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)
-{
-    const char *base = "/dev/block/";
-    const char *name;
-    char devpath[DEVPATH_LEN];
-    char **links = NULL;
-
-    name = parse_device_name(uevent, MAX_DEV_NAME);
-    if (!name)
-        return;
-
-    snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "%s%s", base, name);
+    const char* base = "/dev/block/";
     make_dir(base, 0755);
 
+    std::string name = android::base::Basename(uevent->path);
+    std::string devpath = base + name;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> links;
     if (!strncmp(uevent->path, "/devices/", 9))
         links = get_block_device_symlinks(uevent);
 
-    handle_device(uevent->action, devpath, uevent->path, 1,
-            uevent->major, uevent->minor, links);
+    handle_device(uevent->action, devpath.c_str(), uevent->path, 1, uevent->major, uevent->minor,
+                  links);
 }
 
-static bool assemble_devpath(char *devpath, const char *dirname,
-        const char *devname)
-{
-    int s = snprintf(devpath, DEVPATH_LEN, "%s/%s", dirname, devname);
-    if (s < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to assemble device path; ignoring event";
-        return false;
-    } else if (s >= DEVPATH_LEN) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << dirname << "/" << devname
-                   << " exceeds " << DEVPATH_LEN << "-character limit on path; ignoring event";
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
+static void handle_generic_device_event(uevent* uevent) {
+    // if it's not a /dev device, nothing to do
+    if (uevent->major < 0 || uevent->minor < 0) return;
 
-static void mkdir_recursive_for_devpath(const char *devpath)
-{
-    char dir[DEVPATH_LEN];
-    char *slash;
+    std::string name = android::base::Basename(uevent->path);
+    ueventd_subsystem* subsystem = ueventd_subsystem_find_by_name(uevent->subsystem);
 
-    strcpy(dir, devpath);
-    slash = strrchr(dir, '/');
-    *slash = '\0';
-    mkdir_recursive(dir, 0755);
-}
-
-static void handle_generic_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)
-{
-    const char *base;
-    const char *name;
-    char devpath[DEVPATH_LEN] = {0};
-    char **links = NULL;
-
-    name = parse_device_name(uevent, MAX_DEV_NAME);
-    if (!name)
-        return;
-
-    struct ueventd_subsystem *subsystem =
-            ueventd_subsystem_find_by_name(uevent->subsystem);
+    std::string devpath;
 
     if (subsystem) {
-        const char *devname;
+        std::string devname;
 
         switch (subsystem->devname_src) {
         case DEVNAME_UEVENT_DEVNAME:
@@ -750,72 +648,35 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        if (!assemble_devpath(devpath, subsystem->dirname, devname))
-            return;
-        mkdir_recursive_for_devpath(devpath);
+        // TODO: Remove std::string()
+        devpath = std::string(subsystem->dirname) + "/" + devname;
+        mkdir_recursive(android::base::Dirname(devpath), 0755);
     } else if (!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "usb", 3)) {
-         if (!strcmp(uevent->subsystem, "usb")) {
+        if (!strcmp(uevent->subsystem, "usb")) {
             if (uevent->device_name) {
-                if (!assemble_devpath(devpath, "/dev", uevent->device_name))
-                    return;
-                mkdir_recursive_for_devpath(devpath);
-             }
-             else {
-                 /* This imitates the file system that would be created
-                  * if we were using devfs instead.
-                  * Minors are broken up into groups of 128, starting at "001"
-                  */
-                 int bus_id = uevent->minor / 128 + 1;
-                 int device_id = uevent->minor % 128 + 1;
-                 /* build directories */
-                 make_dir("/dev/bus", 0755);
-                 make_dir("/dev/bus/usb", 0755);
-                 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/dev/bus/usb/%03d", bus_id);
-                 make_dir(devpath, 0755);
-                 snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/dev/bus/usb/%03d/%03d", bus_id, device_id);
-             }
-         } else {
-             /* ignore other USB events */
-             return;
-         }
-     } else if (!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "graphics", 8)) {
-         base = "/dev/graphics/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if (!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "drm", 3)) {
-         base = "/dev/dri/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if (!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "oncrpc", 6)) {
-         base = "/dev/oncrpc/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if (!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "adsp", 4)) {
-         base = "/dev/adsp/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if (!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "msm_camera", 10)) {
-         base = "/dev/msm_camera/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "input", 5)) {
-         base = "/dev/input/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "mtd", 3)) {
-         base = "/dev/mtd/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "sound", 5)) {
-         base = "/dev/snd/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-     } else if(!strncmp(uevent->subsystem, "misc", 4) && !strncmp(name, "log_", 4)) {
-         LOG(INFO) << "kernel logger is deprecated";
-         base = "/dev/log/";
-         make_dir(base, 0755);
-         name += 4;
-     } else
-         base = "/dev/";
-     links = get_character_device_symlinks(uevent);
+                // TODO: Remove std::string
+                devpath = "/dev/" + std::string(uevent->device_name);
+            } else {
+                // This imitates the file system that would be created
+                // if we were using devfs instead.
+                // Minors are broken up into groups of 128, starting at "001"
+                int bus_id = uevent->minor / 128 + 1;
+                int device_id = uevent->minor % 128 + 1;
+                devpath = android::base::StringPrintf("/dev/bus/usb/%03d/%03d", bus_id, device_id);
+            }
+            mkdir_recursive(android::base::Dirname(devpath), 0755);
+        } else {
+            // ignore other USB events
+            return;
+        }
+    } else {
+        devpath = "/dev/" + name;
+    }
 
-     if (!devpath[0])
-         snprintf(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "%s%s", base, name);
+    auto links = get_character_device_symlinks(uevent);
 
-     handle_device(uevent->action, devpath, uevent->path, 0,
-             uevent->major, uevent->minor, links);
+    handle_device(uevent->action, devpath.c_str(), uevent->path, 0, uevent->major, uevent->minor,
+                  links);
 }
 
 static void handle_device_event(struct uevent *uevent)
diff --git a/init/devices.h b/init/devices.h
index 26a064b..f6183c9 100644
--- a/init/devices.h
+++ b/init/devices.h
@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_DEVICES_H
 #define _INIT_DEVICES_H
 
-#include <functional>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 enum coldboot_action_t {
     // coldboot continues without creating the device for the uevent
     COLDBOOT_CONTINUE = 0,
@@ -55,4 +58,11 @@
                          unsigned short wildcard);
 int get_device_fd();
 
-#endif	/* _INIT_DEVICES_H */
+// Exposed for testing
+void add_platform_device(const char* path);
+void remove_platform_device(const char* path);
+std::vector<std::string> get_character_device_symlinks(uevent* uevent);
+std::vector<std::string> get_block_device_symlinks(uevent* uevent);
+void sanitize_partition_name(std::string* string);
+
+#endif /* _INIT_DEVICES_H */
diff --git a/init/devices_test.cpp b/init/devices_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5be0d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/devices_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "devices.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+template <std::vector<std::string> (*Function)(uevent*)>
+void test_get_symlinks(const std::string& platform_device_name, uevent* uevent,
+                       const std::vector<std::string> expected_links) {
+    add_platform_device(platform_device_name.c_str());
+    auto platform_device_remover = android::base::make_scope_guard(
+        [&platform_device_name]() { remove_platform_device(platform_device_name.c_str()); });
+
+    std::vector<std::string> result = Function(uevent);
+
+    auto expected_size = expected_links.size();
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_size, result.size());
+    if (expected_size == 0) return;
+
+    // Explicitly iterate so the results are visible if a failure occurs
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < expected_size; ++i) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected_links[i], result[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_success) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device/name/tty2-1:1.0",
+        .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/usb/ttyname"};
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_no_pdev_match) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/device/name/tty2-1:1.0", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_nothing_after_platform_device) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_no_usb_found) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/bad/bad/", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_no_roothub) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_no_usb_device) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device/", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_no_final_slash) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device/name", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_character_device_symlinks_no_final_name) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device//", .subsystem = "tty",
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_character_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform) {
+    // These are actual paths from bullhead
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:0001/block/mmcblk0",
+        .partition_name = nullptr,
+        .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0"};
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform_with_partition) {
+    // These are actual paths from bullhead
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:0001/block/mmcblk0p1",
+        .partition_name = "modem",
+        .partition_num = 1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/modem",
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-num/p1",
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1",
+    };
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform_with_partition_only_num) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:0001/block/mmcblk0p1",
+        .partition_name = nullptr,
+        .partition_num = 1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-num/p1",
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1",
+    };
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform_with_partition_only_name) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:0001/block/mmcblk0p1",
+        .partition_name = "modem",
+        .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/modem",
+        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1",
+    };
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_success_pci) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/do/not/match";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/mmcblk0",
+        .partition_name = nullptr,
+        .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/block/pci/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/mmcblk0"};
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_pci_bad_format) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/do/not/match";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/pci//mmcblk0", .partition_name = nullptr, .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{};
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_success_vbd) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/do/not/match";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/vbd-1234/mmcblk0", .partition_name = nullptr, .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/block/vbd/1234/mmcblk0"};
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_vbd_bad_format) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/do/not/match";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/vbd-/mmcblk0", .partition_name = nullptr, .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{};
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, get_block_device_symlinks_no_matches) {
+    const char* platform_device = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci";
+    uevent uevent = {
+        .path = "/devices/soc.0/not_the_device/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:0001/block/mmcblk0p1",
+        .partition_name = nullptr,
+        .partition_num = -1,
+    };
+    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
+
+    test_get_symlinks<get_block_device_symlinks>(platform_device, &uevent, expected_result);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, sanitize_null) {
+    sanitize_partition_name(nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, sanitize_empty) {
+    std::string empty;
+    sanitize_partition_name(&empty);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0u, empty.size());
+}
+
+TEST(devices, sanitize_allgood) {
+    std::string good =
+        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+        "0123456789"
+        "_-.";
+    std::string good_copy = good;
+    sanitize_partition_name(&good);
+    EXPECT_EQ(good_copy, good);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, sanitize_somebad) {
+    std::string string = "abc!@#$%^&*()";
+    sanitize_partition_name(&string);
+    EXPECT_EQ("abc__________", string);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, sanitize_allbad) {
+    std::string string = "!@#$%^&*()";
+    sanitize_partition_name(&string);
+    EXPECT_EQ("__________", string);
+}
+
+TEST(devices, sanitize_onebad) {
+    std::string string = ")";
+    sanitize_partition_name(&string);
+    EXPECT_EQ("_", string);
+}
diff --git a/init/import_parser.cpp b/init/import_parser.cpp
index d52247b..8a2bcc2 100644
--- a/init/import_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/import_parser.cpp
@@ -16,12 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "import_parser.h"
 
-#include "errno.h"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 bool ImportParser::ParseSection(const std::vector<std::string>& args,
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index e14034f..6c09c99 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "init.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -42,6 +44,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -58,8 +61,8 @@
 #include "bootchart.h"
 #include "devices.h"
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
+#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
 #include "import_parser.h"
-#include "init.h"
 #include "init_parser.h"
 #include "keychords.h"
 #include "log.h"
@@ -480,42 +483,73 @@
     }
 }
 
-static constexpr char android_dt_dir[] = "/proc/device-tree/firmware/android";
-
-static bool is_dt_compatible() {
-    std::string dt_value;
-    std::string file_name = StringPrintf("%s/compatible", android_dt_dir);
-
-    if (android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, &dt_value)) {
-        // trim the trailing '\0' out, otherwise the comparison
-        // will produce false-negatives.
-        dt_value.resize(dt_value.size() - 1);
-        if (dt_value == "android,firmware") {
+/* Reads the content of device tree file into dt_value.
+ * Returns true if the read is success, false otherwise.
+ */
+static bool read_dt_file(const std::string& file_name, std::string* dt_value) {
+    if (android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, dt_value)) {
+        if (!dt_value->empty()) {
+            dt_value->pop_back();  // Trim the trailing '\0' out.
             return true;
         }
     }
-
     return false;
 }
 
-static bool is_dt_fstab_compatible() {
-    std::string dt_value;
-    std::string file_name = StringPrintf("%s/%s/compatible", android_dt_dir, "fstab");
+static const std::string kAndroidDtDir("/proc/device-tree/firmware/android/");
 
-    if (android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, &dt_value)) {
-        dt_value.resize(dt_value.size() - 1);
-        if (dt_value == "android,fstab") {
+static bool is_dt_value_expected(const std::string& dt_file_suffix,
+                                 const std::string& expected_value) {
+    std::string dt_value;
+    std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + dt_file_suffix;
+
+    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
+        if (dt_value == expected_value) {
             return true;
         }
     }
-
     return false;
 }
 
+static inline bool is_dt_compatible() {
+    return is_dt_value_expected("compatible", "android,firmware");
+}
+
+static inline bool is_dt_fstab_compatible() {
+    return is_dt_value_expected("fstab/compatible", "android,fstab");
+}
+
+static inline bool is_dt_vbmeta_compatible() {
+    return is_dt_value_expected("vbmeta/compatible", "android,vbmeta");
+}
+
+// Gets the vbmeta config from device tree. Specifically, the 'parts' and 'by_name_prefix'.
+// /{
+//     firmware {
+//         android {
+//             vbmeta {
+//                 compatible = "android,vbmeta";
+//                 parts = "vbmeta,boot,system,vendor"
+//                 by_name_prefix="/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/"
+//             };
+//         };
+//     };
+//  }
+static bool get_vbmeta_config_from_dt(std::string* vbmeta_partitions,
+                                      std::string* device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + "vbmeta/parts";
+    if (!read_dt_file(file_name, vbmeta_partitions)) return false;
+
+    file_name = kAndroidDtDir + "vbmeta/by_name_prefix";
+    if (!read_dt_file(file_name, device_file_by_name_prefix)) return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static void process_kernel_dt() {
     if (!is_dt_compatible()) return;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int(*)(DIR*)>dir(opendir(android_dt_dir), closedir);
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> dir(opendir(kAndroidDtDir.c_str()), closedir);
     if (!dir) return;
 
     std::string dt_file;
@@ -525,7 +559,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        std::string file_name = StringPrintf("%s/%s", android_dt_dir, dp->d_name);
+        std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + dp->d_name;
 
         android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, &dt_file);
         std::replace(dt_file.begin(), dt_file.end(), ',', '.');
@@ -716,14 +750,18 @@
         return false;
     }
     std::string actual_plat_id;
-    if (!read_first_line("/system/etc/selinux/plat_sepolicy.cil.sha256", &actual_plat_id)) {
-        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read /system/etc/selinux/plat_sepolicy.cil.sha256";
+    if (!read_first_line("/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256",
+                         &actual_plat_id)) {
+        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read "
+                      "/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256";
         return false;
     }
     std::string precompiled_plat_id;
-    if (!read_first_line("/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy.plat.sha256",
+    if (!read_first_line("/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy.plat_and_mapping.sha256",
                          &precompiled_plat_id)) {
-        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read /vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy.plat.sha256";
+        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read "
+                      "/vendor/etc/selinux/"
+                      "precompiled_sepolicy.plat_and_mapping.sha256";
         return false;
     }
     if ((actual_plat_id.empty()) || (actual_plat_id != precompiled_plat_id)) {
@@ -795,7 +833,7 @@
         "-M", "true",
         // Target the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
         "-c", std::to_string(max_policy_version).c_str(),
-        "/vendor/etc/selinux/mapping_sepolicy.cil",
+        "/system/etc/selinux/mapping_sepolicy.cil",
         "/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_sepolicy.cil",
         "-o", compiled_sepolicy,
         // We don't care about file_contexts output by the compiler
@@ -884,6 +922,9 @@
     LOG(INFO) << "Running restorecon...";
     restorecon("/dev");
     restorecon("/dev/kmsg");
+    if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
+      restorecon("/dev/kmsg_debug");
+    }
     restorecon("/dev/socket");
     restorecon("/dev/random");
     restorecon("/dev/urandom");
@@ -911,38 +952,100 @@
     }
 }
 
-static bool early_mount_one(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
-    if (rec && fs_mgr_is_verified(rec)) {
-        // setup verity and create the dm-XX block device
-        // needed to mount this partition
-        int ret = fs_mgr_setup_verity(rec, false);
-        if (ret == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_FAIL) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "early_mount: Failed to setup verity for '" << rec->mount_point << "'";
+// Creates "/dev/block/dm-XX" for dm-verity by running coldboot on /sys/block/dm-XX.
+static void device_init_dm_device(const std::string& dm_device) {
+    const std::string device_name(basename(dm_device.c_str()));
+    const std::string syspath = "/sys/block/" + device_name;
+
+    device_init(syspath.c_str(), [&](uevent* uevent) -> coldboot_action_t {
+        if (uevent->device_name && device_name == uevent->device_name) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "early_mount: creating dm-verity device : " << dm_device;
+            return COLDBOOT_STOP;
+        }
+        return COLDBOOT_CONTINUE;
+    });
+    device_close();
+}
+
+static bool vboot_1_0_mount_partitions(const std::vector<fstab_rec*>& fstab_recs) {
+    if (fstab_recs.empty()) return false;
+
+    for (auto rec : fstab_recs) {
+        bool need_create_dm_device = false;
+        if (fs_mgr_is_verified(rec)) {
+            // setup verity and create the dm-XX block device
+            // needed to mount this partition
+            int ret = fs_mgr_setup_verity(rec, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */);
+            if (ret == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_DISABLED) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "verity disabled for '" << rec->mount_point << "'";
+            } else if (ret == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SUCCESS) {
+                need_create_dm_device = true;
+            } else {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "early_mount: failed to setup verity for '" << rec->mount_point
+                            << "'";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        if (need_create_dm_device) {
+            // The exact block device name (rec->blk_device) is changed to "/dev/block/dm-XX".
+            // Need to create it because ueventd isn't started during early mount.
+            device_init_dm_device(rec->blk_device);
+        }
+        if (fs_mgr_do_mount_one(rec)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "early_mount: failed to mount '" << rec->mount_point << "'";
             return false;
         }
-
-        // The exact block device name is added as a mount source by
-        // fs_mgr_setup_verity() in ->blk_device as "/dev/block/dm-XX"
-        // We create that device by running coldboot on /sys/block/dm-XX
-        std::string dm_device(basename(rec->blk_device));
-        std::string syspath = StringPrintf("/sys/block/%s", dm_device.c_str());
-        device_init(syspath.c_str(), [&](uevent* uevent) -> coldboot_action_t {
-            if (uevent->device_name && !strcmp(dm_device.c_str(), uevent->device_name)) {
-                LOG(VERBOSE) << "early_mount: creating dm-verity device : " << dm_device;
-                return COLDBOOT_STOP;
-            }
-            return COLDBOOT_CONTINUE;
-        });
-    }
-
-    if (rec && fs_mgr_do_mount_one(rec)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "early_mount: Failed to mount '" << rec->mount_point << "'";
-        return false;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool vboot_2_0_mount_partitions(const std::vector<fstab_rec*>& fstab_recs,
+                                       const std::string& device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    if (fstab_recs.empty()) return false;
+
+    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(device_file_by_name_prefix);
+    if (!avb_handle) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Failed to Open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (auto rec : fstab_recs) {
+        bool need_create_dm_device = false;
+        if (fs_mgr_is_avb(rec)) {
+            if (avb_handle->AvbHashtreeDisabled()) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "avb hashtree disabled for '" << rec->mount_point << "'";
+            } else if (avb_handle->SetUpAvb(rec, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */)) {
+                need_create_dm_device = true;
+            } else {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "early_mount: failed to set up AVB on partition: '"
+                            << rec->mount_point << "'";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        if (need_create_dm_device) {
+            // The exact block device name (rec->blk_device) is changed to "/dev/block/dm-XX".
+            // Need to create it because ueventd isn't started during early mount.
+            device_init_dm_device(rec->blk_device);
+        }
+        if (fs_mgr_do_mount_one(rec)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "early_mount: failed to mount '" << rec->mount_point << "'";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool mount_early_partitions(const std::vector<fstab_rec*>& fstab_recs,
+                                   const std::string& device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    if (is_dt_vbmeta_compatible()) {  // AVB (external/avb) is used to setup dm-verity.
+        return vboot_2_0_mount_partitions(fstab_recs, device_file_by_name_prefix);
+    } else {
+        return vboot_1_0_mount_partitions(fstab_recs);
+    }
+}
+
 // Creates devices with uevent->partition_name matching one in the in/out
 // partition_names. Note that the partition_names MUST have A/B suffix
 // when A/B is used. Found partitions will then be removed from the
@@ -985,12 +1088,10 @@
     });
 }
 
-static bool get_early_partitions(const std::vector<fstab_rec*>& early_fstab_recs,
-                                 std::set<std::string>* out_partitions, bool* out_need_verity) {
+static bool vboot_1_0_early_partitions(const std::vector<fstab_rec*>& early_fstab_recs,
+                                       std::set<std::string>* out_partitions,
+                                       bool* out_need_verity) {
     std::string meta_partition;
-    out_partitions->clear();
-    *out_need_verity = false;
-
     for (auto fstab_rec : early_fstab_recs) {
         // don't allow verifyatboot for early mounted partitions
         if (fs_mgr_is_verifyatboot(fstab_rec)) {
@@ -1029,6 +1130,40 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+// a.k.a. AVB (external/avb)
+static bool vboot_2_0_early_partitions(std::set<std::string>* out_partitions, bool* out_need_verity,
+                                       std::string* out_device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    std::string vbmeta_partitions;
+    if (!get_vbmeta_config_from_dt(&vbmeta_partitions, out_device_file_by_name_prefix)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // libavb verifies AVB metadata on all verified partitions at once.
+    // e.g., The vbmeta_partitions will be "vbmeta,boot,system,vendor"
+    // for libavb to verify metadata, even if we only need to early mount /vendor.
+    std::vector<std::string> partitions = android::base::Split(vbmeta_partitions, ",");
+    std::string ab_suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
+        out_partitions->emplace(partition + ab_suffix);
+    }
+    *out_need_verity = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool get_early_partitions(const std::vector<fstab_rec*>& early_fstab_recs,
+                                 std::set<std::string>* out_partitions, bool* out_need_verity,
+                                 std::string* out_device_file_by_name_prefix) {
+    *out_need_verity = false;
+    out_partitions->clear();
+    out_device_file_by_name_prefix->clear();
+
+    if (is_dt_vbmeta_compatible()) {  // AVB (external/avb) is used to setup dm-verity.
+        return vboot_2_0_early_partitions(out_partitions, out_need_verity,
+                                          out_device_file_by_name_prefix);
+    } else {
+        return vboot_1_0_early_partitions(early_fstab_recs, out_partitions, out_need_verity);
+    }
+}
+
 /* Early mount vendor and ODM partitions. The fstab is read from device-tree. */
 static bool early_mount() {
     // skip early mount if we're in recovery mode
@@ -1063,9 +1198,11 @@
     if (early_fstab_recs.empty()) return true;
 
     bool need_verity;
+    std::string device_file_by_name_prefix;
     std::set<std::string> partition_names;
     // partition_names MUST have A/B suffix when A/B is used
-    if (!get_early_partitions(early_fstab_recs, &partition_names, &need_verity)) {
+    if (!get_early_partitions(early_fstab_recs, &partition_names, &need_verity,
+                              &device_file_by_name_prefix)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -1088,10 +1225,9 @@
                     [&](uevent* uevent) -> coldboot_action_t { return COLDBOOT_STOP; });
     }
 
-    for (auto fstab_rec : early_fstab_recs) {
-        if (!early_mount_one(fstab_rec)) goto done;
+    if (mount_early_partitions(early_fstab_recs, device_file_by_name_prefix)) {
+        success = true;
     }
-    success = true;
 
 done:
     device_close();
@@ -1160,7 +1296,13 @@
         setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups);
         mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL);
         mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL);
+
         mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11));
+
+        if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
+          mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11));
+        }
+
         mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8));
         mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9));
 
diff --git a/init/init_parser.cpp b/init/init_parser.cpp
index a192862..53e670b 100644
--- a/init/init_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/init_parser.cpp
@@ -14,18 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "init_parser.h"
+
 #include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
 #include "action.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "parser.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
 Parser::Parser() {
 }
diff --git a/init/init_parser.h b/init/init_parser.h
index f66ba52..6935fdf 100644
--- a/init/init_parser.h
+++ b/init/init_parser.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define _INIT_INIT_PARSER_H_
 
 #include <map>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
diff --git a/init/init_parser_test.cpp b/init/init_parser_test.cpp
index 52aaa37..d8fd2ba 100644
--- a/init/init_parser_test.cpp
+++ b/init/init_parser_test.cpp
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "init.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "util.h"
 
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <string>
diff --git a/init/keychords.cpp b/init/keychords.cpp
index 5801ea8..c572cee 100644
--- a/init/keychords.cpp
+++ b/init/keychords.cpp
@@ -14,19 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <linux/keychord.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 
 #include "init.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "service.h"
 
 static struct input_keychord *keychords = 0;
diff --git a/init/log.cpp b/init/log.cpp
index 6b32526..ee6489b 100644
--- a/init/log.cpp
+++ b/init/log.cpp
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 #include "log.h"
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/audit.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <linux/audit.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <netlink/netlink.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
diff --git a/init/log.h b/init/log.h
index 8fa6d74..29a27af 100644
--- a/init/log.h
+++ b/init/log.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_LOG_H_
 #define _INIT_LOG_H_
 
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
 void InitKernelLogging(char* argv[]);
 
diff --git a/init/parser.cpp b/init/parser.cpp
index 45862b7..5953a88 100644
--- a/init/parser.cpp
+++ b/init/parser.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include "log.h"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 void parse_error(struct parse_state *state, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index a4d8b5f..2aa89ff 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -14,46 +14,45 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "property_service.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <ctype.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/poll.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #define _REALLY_INCLUDE_SYS__SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_H_
 #include <sys/_system_properties.h>
 
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/un.h>
-#include <sys/select.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <netinet/in.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
 
-#include <selinux/android.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
-#include <selinux/label.h>
-
-#include <fs_mgr.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include "bootimg.h"
+#include <bootimg.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
-#include "property_service.h"
 #include "init.h"
 #include "util.h"
-#include "log.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
diff --git a/init/property_service.h b/init/property_service.h
index 994da63..9a5b6f6 100644
--- a/init/property_service.h
+++ b/init/property_service.h
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_PROPERTY_H
 #define _INIT_PROPERTY_H
 
-#include <stddef.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/system_properties.h>
+
 #include <string>
 
 struct property_audit_data {
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index 62e5c85..d9ebd91 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -13,12 +13,17 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+
+#include "reboot.h"
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/quota.h>
 #include <sys/reboot.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
@@ -27,25 +32,24 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
-#include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
-#include "log.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
-#include "reboot.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
@@ -67,39 +71,58 @@
 // Utility for struct mntent
 class MountEntry {
   public:
-    explicit MountEntry(const mntent& entry, bool isMounted = true)
+    explicit MountEntry(const mntent& entry)
         : mnt_fsname_(entry.mnt_fsname),
           mnt_dir_(entry.mnt_dir),
           mnt_type_(entry.mnt_type),
-          is_mounted_(isMounted) {}
+          mnt_opts_(entry.mnt_opts) {}
 
-    bool IsF2Fs() const { return mnt_type_ == "f2fs"; }
+    bool Umount() {
+        int r = umount2(mnt_dir_.c_str(), 0);
+        if (r == 0) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "umounted " << mnt_fsname_ << ":" << mnt_dir_ << " opts " << mnt_opts_;
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "cannot umount " << mnt_fsname_ << ":" << mnt_dir_ << " opts "
+                          << mnt_opts_;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
 
-    bool IsExt4() const { return mnt_type_ == "ext4"; }
-
-    bool is_mounted() const { return is_mounted_; }
-
-    void set_is_mounted() { is_mounted_ = false; }
-
-    const std::string& mnt_fsname() const { return mnt_fsname_; }
-
-    const std::string& mnt_dir() const { return mnt_dir_; }
+    void DoFsck() {
+        int st;
+        if (IsF2Fs()) {
+            const char* f2fs_argv[] = {
+                "/system/bin/fsck.f2fs", "-f", mnt_fsname_.c_str(),
+            };
+            android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(f2fs_argv), (char**)f2fs_argv, &st, true, LOG_KLOG,
+                                    true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+        } else if (IsExt4()) {
+            const char* ext4_argv[] = {
+                "/system/bin/e2fsck", "-f", "-y", mnt_fsname_.c_str(),
+            };
+            android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(ext4_argv), (char**)ext4_argv, &st, true, LOG_KLOG,
+                                    true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+        }
+    }
 
     static bool IsBlockDevice(const struct mntent& mntent) {
         return android::base::StartsWith(mntent.mnt_fsname, "/dev/block");
     }
 
     static bool IsEmulatedDevice(const struct mntent& mntent) {
-        static const std::string SDCARDFS_NAME = "sdcardfs";
-        return android::base::StartsWith(mntent.mnt_fsname, "/data/") &&
-               SDCARDFS_NAME == mntent.mnt_type;
+        return android::base::StartsWith(mntent.mnt_fsname, "/data/");
     }
 
   private:
+    bool IsF2Fs() const { return mnt_type_ == "f2fs"; }
+
+    bool IsExt4() const { return mnt_type_ == "ext4"; }
+
     std::string mnt_fsname_;
     std::string mnt_dir_;
     std::string mnt_type_;
-    bool is_mounted_;
+    std::string mnt_opts_;
 };
 
 // Turn off backlight while we are performing power down cleanup activities.
@@ -125,50 +148,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void DoFsck(const MountEntry& entry) {
-    static constexpr int UNMOUNT_CHECK_TIMES = 10;
-
-    if (!entry.IsF2Fs() && !entry.IsExt4()) return;
-
-    int count = 0;
-    while (count++ < UNMOUNT_CHECK_TIMES) {
-        int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_EXCL));
-        if (fd >= 0) {
-            /* |entry->mnt_dir| has sucessfully been unmounted. */
-            close(fd);
-            break;
-        } else if (errno == EBUSY) {
-            // Some processes using |entry->mnt_dir| are still alive. Wait for a
-            // while then retry.
-            std::this_thread::sleep_for(5000ms / UNMOUNT_CHECK_TIMES);
-            continue;
-        } else {
-            /* Cannot open the device. Give up. */
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // NB: With watchdog still running, there is no cap on the time it takes
-    // to complete the fsck, from the users perspective the device graphics
-    // and responses are locked-up and they may choose to hold the power
-    // button in frustration if it drags out.
-
-    int st;
-    if (entry.IsF2Fs()) {
-        const char* f2fs_argv[] = {
-            "/system/bin/fsck.f2fs", "-f", entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(),
-        };
-        android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(f2fs_argv), (char**)f2fs_argv, &st, true, LOG_KLOG, true,
-                                nullptr, nullptr, 0);
-    } else if (entry.IsExt4()) {
-        const char* ext4_argv[] = {
-            "/system/bin/e2fsck", "-f", "-y", entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(),
-        };
-        android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(ext4_argv), (char**)ext4_argv, &st, true, LOG_KLOG, true,
-                                nullptr, nullptr, 0);
-    }
-}
-
 static void ShutdownVold() {
     const char* vdc_argv[] = {"/system/bin/vdc", "volume", "shutdown"};
     int status;
@@ -202,21 +181,11 @@
     abort();
 }
 
-static void DoSync() {
-    // quota sync is not done by sync call, so should be done separately.
-    // quota sync is in VFS level, so do it before sync, which goes down to fs level.
-    int r = quotactl(QCMD(Q_SYNC, 0), nullptr, 0 /* do not care */, 0 /* do not care */);
-    if (r < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "quotactl failed";
-    }
-    sync();
-}
-
 /* Find all read+write block devices and emulated devices in /proc/mounts
  * and add them to correpsponding list.
  */
 static bool FindPartitionsToUmount(std::vector<MountEntry>* blockDevPartitions,
-                                   std::vector<MountEntry>* emulatedPartitions) {
+                                   std::vector<MountEntry>* emulatedPartitions, bool dump) {
     std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int (*)(std::FILE*)> fp(setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r"), endmntent);
     if (fp == nullptr) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/mounts";
@@ -224,44 +193,63 @@
     }
     mntent* mentry;
     while ((mentry = getmntent(fp.get())) != nullptr) {
-        if (MountEntry::IsBlockDevice(*mentry) && hasmntopt(mentry, "rw")) {
-            blockDevPartitions->emplace_back(*mentry);
+        if (dump) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "mount entry " << mentry->mnt_fsname << ":" << mentry->mnt_dir << " opts "
+                      << mentry->mnt_opts << " type " << mentry->mnt_type;
+        } else if (MountEntry::IsBlockDevice(*mentry) && hasmntopt(mentry, "rw")) {
+            blockDevPartitions->emplace(blockDevPartitions->begin(), *mentry);
         } else if (MountEntry::IsEmulatedDevice(*mentry)) {
-            emulatedPartitions->emplace_back(*mentry);
+            emulatedPartitions->emplace(emulatedPartitions->begin(), *mentry);
         }
     }
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool UmountPartitions(std::vector<MountEntry>* partitions, int maxRetry, int flags) {
-    static constexpr int SLEEP_AFTER_RETRY_US = 100000;
-
-    bool umountDone;
-    int retryCounter = 0;
-
-    while (true) {
-        umountDone = true;
-        for (auto& entry : *partitions) {
-            if (entry.is_mounted()) {
-                int r = umount2(entry.mnt_dir().c_str(), flags);
-                if (r == 0) {
-                    entry.set_is_mounted();
-                    LOG(INFO) << StringPrintf("umounted %s, flags:0x%x", entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(),
-                                              flags);
-                } else {
-                    umountDone = false;
-                    PLOG(WARNING) << StringPrintf("cannot umount %s, mnt_dir %s, flags:0x%x",
-                                                  entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(),
-                                                  entry.mnt_dir().c_str(), flags);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (umountDone) break;
-        retryCounter++;
-        if (retryCounter >= maxRetry) break;
-        usleep(SLEEP_AFTER_RETRY_US);
+static void DumpUmountDebuggingInfo() {
+    int status;
+    if (!security_getenforce()) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Run lsof";
+        const char* lsof_argv[] = {"/system/bin/lsof"};
+        android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(lsof_argv), (char**)lsof_argv, &status, true, LOG_KLOG,
+                                true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
     }
-    return umountDone;
+    FindPartitionsToUmount(nullptr, nullptr, true);
+}
+
+static UmountStat UmountPartitions(int timeoutMs) {
+    Timer t;
+    UmountStat stat = UMOUNT_STAT_TIMEOUT;
+    int retry = 0;
+    /* data partition needs all pending writes to be completed and all emulated partitions
+     * umounted.If the current waiting is not good enough, give
+     * up and leave it to e2fsck after reboot to fix it.
+     */
+    while (true) {
+        std::vector<MountEntry> block_devices;
+        std::vector<MountEntry> emulated_devices;
+        if (!FindPartitionsToUmount(&block_devices, &emulated_devices, false)) {
+            return UMOUNT_STAT_ERROR;
+        }
+        if (block_devices.size() == 0) {
+            stat = UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS;
+            break;
+        }
+        if ((timeoutMs < t.duration_ms()) && retry > 0) {  // try umount at least once
+            stat = UMOUNT_STAT_TIMEOUT;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (emulated_devices.size() > 0 &&
+            std::all_of(emulated_devices.begin(), emulated_devices.end(),
+                        [](auto& entry) { return entry.Umount(); })) {
+            sync();
+        }
+        for (auto& entry : block_devices) {
+            entry.Umount();
+        }
+        retry++;
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+    }
+    return stat;
 }
 
 static void KillAllProcesses() { android::base::WriteStringToFile("i", "/proc/sysrq-trigger"); }
@@ -277,56 +265,38 @@
  */
 static UmountStat TryUmountAndFsck(bool runFsck, int timeoutMs) {
     Timer t;
-    std::vector<MountEntry> emulatedPartitions;
-    std::vector<MountEntry> blockDevRwPartitions;
+    std::vector<MountEntry> block_devices;
+    std::vector<MountEntry> emulated_devices;
 
     TurnOffBacklight();  // this part can take time. save power.
 
-    if (!FindPartitionsToUmount(&blockDevRwPartitions, &emulatedPartitions)) {
+    if (runFsck && !FindPartitionsToUmount(&block_devices, &emulated_devices, false)) {
         return UMOUNT_STAT_ERROR;
     }
-    if (emulatedPartitions.size() > 0) {
-        LOG(WARNING) << "emulated partitions still exist, will umount";
-        /* Pending writes in emulated partitions can fail umount. After a few trials, detach
-         * it so that it can be umounted when all writes are done.
-         */
-        if (!UmountPartitions(&emulatedPartitions, 1, 0)) {
-            UmountPartitions(&emulatedPartitions, 1, MNT_DETACH);
-        }
-    }
-    DoSync();  // emulated partition change can lead to update
-    UmountStat stat = UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS;
-    /* data partition needs all pending writes to be completed and all emulated partitions
-     * umounted. If umount failed in the above step, it DETACH is requested, so umount can
-     * still happen while waiting for /data. If the current waiting is not good enough, give
-     * up and leave it to e2fsck after reboot to fix it.
-     */
-    int remainingTimeMs = timeoutMs - t.duration_ms();
-    // each retry takes 100ms, and run at least once.
-    int retry = std::max(remainingTimeMs / 100, 1);
-    if (!UmountPartitions(&blockDevRwPartitions, retry, 0)) {
-        /* Last resort, kill all and try again */
-        LOG(WARNING) << "umount still failing, trying kill all";
+
+    UmountStat stat = UmountPartitions(timeoutMs - t.duration_ms());
+    if (stat != UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "umount timeout, last resort, kill all and try";
+        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo();
         KillAllProcesses();
-        DoSync();
-        if (!UmountPartitions(&blockDevRwPartitions, 1, 0)) {
-            stat = UMOUNT_STAT_TIMEOUT;
-        }
-    }
-    // fsck part is excluded from timeout check. It only runs for user initiated shutdown
-    // and should not affect reboot time.
-    if (stat == UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS && runFsck) {
-        for (auto& entry : blockDevRwPartitions) {
-            DoFsck(entry);
-        }
+        // even if it succeeds, still it is timeout and do not run fsck with all processes killed
+        UmountPartitions(0);
+        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo();
     }
 
+    if (stat == UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS && runFsck) {
+        // fsck part is excluded from timeout check. It only runs for user initiated shutdown
+        // and should not affect reboot time.
+        for (auto& entry : block_devices) {
+            entry.DoFsck();
+        }
+    }
     return stat;
 }
 
 static void __attribute__((noreturn)) DoThermalOff() {
     LOG(WARNING) << "Thermal system shutdown";
-    DoSync();
+    sync();
     RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF, "");
     abort();
 }
@@ -336,7 +306,8 @@
     Timer t;
     LOG(INFO) << "Reboot start, reason: " << reason << ", rebootTarget: " << rebootTarget;
 
-    android::base::WriteStringToFile(StringPrintf("%s\n", reason.c_str()), LAST_REBOOT_REASON_FILE);
+    android::base::WriteStringToFile(StringPrintf("%s\n", reason.c_str()), LAST_REBOOT_REASON_FILE,
+                                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM);
 
     if (cmd == ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF) {  // do not wait if it is thermal
         DoThermalOff();
@@ -426,8 +397,8 @@
 
     // minimum safety steps before restarting
     // 2. kill all services except ones that are necessary for the shutdown sequence.
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&kill_after_apps](Service* s) {
-        if (!s->IsShutdownCritical() || kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) s->Stop();
+    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([](Service* s) {
+        if (!s->IsShutdownCritical()) s->Stop();
     });
     ServiceManager::GetInstance().ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
@@ -435,12 +406,20 @@
     Service* voldService = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName("vold");
     if (voldService != nullptr && voldService->IsRunning()) {
         ShutdownVold();
+        voldService->Stop();
     } else {
         LOG(INFO) << "vold not running, skipping vold shutdown";
     }
+    // logcat stopped here
+    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&kill_after_apps](Service* s) {
+        if (kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) s->Stop();
+    });
     // 4. sync, try umount, and optionally run fsck for user shutdown
-    DoSync();
+    sync();
     UmountStat stat = TryUmountAndFsck(runFsck, shutdownTimeout * 1000 - t.duration_ms());
+    // Follow what linux shutdown is doing: one more sync with little bit delay
+    sync();
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
     LogShutdownTime(stat, &t);
     // Reboot regardless of umount status. If umount fails, fsck after reboot will fix it.
     RebootSystem(cmd, rebootTarget);
diff --git a/init/reboot.h b/init/reboot.h
index 3956249..6432fa5 100644
--- a/init/reboot.h
+++ b/init/reboot.h
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_REBOOT_H
 #define _INIT_REBOOT_H
 
+#include <string>
+
 /* Reboot / shutdown the system.
  * cmd ANDROID_RB_* as defined in android_reboot.h
  * reason Reason string like "reboot", "userrequested"
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index e89de9a..4adbbf0 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -24,28 +24,23 @@
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/system_properties.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
-
-#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 #include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
-#include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
-
-#include "action.h"
 #include "init.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index d84ce02..5e89b9f 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -19,14 +19,13 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <cutils/iosched_policy.h>
-
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <cutils/iosched_policy.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
 #include "capabilities.h"
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.cpp b/init/signal_handler.cpp
index 5e3acac..4d56d84 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/signal_handler.cpp
@@ -14,22 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
-#include "action.h"
 #include "init.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "util.h"
 
 static int signal_write_fd = -1;
 static int signal_read_fd = -1;
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index ba53e47..ea767a8 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "ueventd.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <grp.h>
@@ -24,17 +26,15 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
-#include "ueventd.h"
-#include "log.h"
-#include "util.h"
 #include "devices.h"
+#include "log.h"
 #include "ueventd_parser.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 int ueventd_main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
diff --git a/init/ueventd.h b/init/ueventd.h
index d12d7fe..d44d1ca 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.h
+++ b/init/ueventd.h
@@ -17,9 +17,10 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_UEVENTD_H_
 #define _INIT_UEVENTD_H_
 
-#include <cutils/list.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <cutils/list.h>
+
 enum devname_src_t {
     DEVNAME_UNKNOWN = 0,
     DEVNAME_UEVENT_DEVNAME,
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
index 554c1e3..510d7bb 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "ueventd_parser.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
-#include "ueventd.h"
-#include "ueventd_parser.h"
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
 #include "parser.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 static list_declare(subsystem_list);
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index bf4109c..32ae93d 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -14,26 +14,21 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "util.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <ftw.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <selinux/android.h>
-#include <selinux/label.h>
-
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/un.h>
-
 #include <thread>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
@@ -42,15 +37,13 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
-/* for ANDROID_SOCKET_* */
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
 
 #include "init.h"
-#include "log.h"
 #include "reboot.h"
-#include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 
@@ -201,61 +194,21 @@
     return success;
 }
 
-int mkdir_recursive(const char *pathname, mode_t mode)
-{
-    char buf[128];
-    const char *slash;
-    const char *p = pathname;
-    int width;
-    int ret;
-    struct stat info;
-
-    while ((slash = strchr(p, '/')) != NULL) {
-        width = slash - pathname;
-        p = slash + 1;
-        if (width < 0)
-            break;
-        if (width == 0)
-            continue;
-        if ((unsigned int)width > sizeof(buf) - 1) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "path too long for mkdir_recursive";
-            return -1;
-        }
-        memcpy(buf, pathname, width);
-        buf[width] = 0;
-        if (stat(buf, &info) != 0) {
-            ret = make_dir(buf, mode);
-            if (ret && errno != EEXIST)
-                return ret;
+int mkdir_recursive(const std::string& path, mode_t mode) {
+    std::string::size_type slash = 0;
+    while ((slash = path.find('/', slash + 1)) != std::string::npos) {
+        auto directory = path.substr(0, slash);
+        struct stat info;
+        if (stat(directory.c_str(), &info) != 0) {
+            auto ret = make_dir(directory.c_str(), mode);
+            if (ret && errno != EEXIST) return ret;
         }
     }
-    ret = make_dir(pathname, mode);
-    if (ret && errno != EEXIST)
-        return ret;
+    auto ret = make_dir(path.c_str(), mode);
+    if (ret && errno != EEXIST) return ret;
     return 0;
 }
 
-/*
- * replaces any unacceptable characters with '_', the
- * length of the resulting string is equal to the input string
- */
-void sanitize(char *s)
-{
-    const char* accept =
-            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-            "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-            "0123456789"
-            "_-.";
-
-    if (!s)
-        return;
-
-    while (*s) {
-        s += strspn(s, accept);
-        if (*s) *s++ = '_';
-    }
-}
-
 int wait_for_file(const char* filename, std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout) {
     boot_clock::time_point timeout_time = boot_clock::now() + timeout;
     while (boot_clock::now() < timeout_time) {
diff --git a/init/util.h b/init/util.h
index 1034c9b..0bb9cdf 100644
--- a/init/util.h
+++ b/init/util.h
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@
 
 unsigned int decode_uid(const char *s);
 
-int mkdir_recursive(const char *pathname, mode_t mode);
-void sanitize(char *p);
+int mkdir_recursive(const std::string& pathname, mode_t mode);
 int wait_for_file(const char *filename, std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout);
 void import_kernel_cmdline(bool in_qemu,
                            const std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&, bool)>&);
diff --git a/init/util_test.cpp b/init/util_test.cpp
index 0c0350a..b8b409a 100644
--- a/init/util_test.cpp
+++ b/init/util_test.cpp
@@ -120,3 +120,39 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(UINT_MAX, decode_uid("toot"));
   EXPECT_EQ(123U, decode_uid("123"));
 }
+
+TEST(util, is_dir) {
+    TemporaryDir test_dir;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(test_dir.path));
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    EXPECT_FALSE(is_dir(tf.path));
+}
+
+// sehandle is needed for make_dir()
+// TODO: Remove once sehandle is encapsulated
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+selabel_handle* sehandle;
+
+TEST(util, mkdir_recursive) {
+    TemporaryDir test_dir;
+    std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories/deep", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mkdir_recursive(path, 0755));
+    std::string path1 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
+    std::string path2 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
+    std::string path3 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories/deep", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
+}
+
+TEST(util, mkdir_recursive_extra_slashes) {
+    TemporaryDir test_dir;
+    std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three////directories/deep//", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mkdir_recursive(path, 0755));
+    std::string path1 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
+    std::string path2 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
+    std::string path3 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories/deep", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
+}
diff --git a/init/watchdogd.cpp b/init/watchdogd.cpp
index b196147..21c1e5b 100644
--- a/init/watchdogd.cpp
+++ b/init/watchdogd.cpp
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/watchdog.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <linux/watchdog.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
 
 #include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/libbacktrace/Android.bp b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
index 8f74a1a..7de72a8 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/Android.bp
+++ b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@
     "UnwindPtrace.cpp",
 ]
 
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libbacktrace_headers",
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libbacktrace",
     defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
@@ -64,6 +69,8 @@
         "BacktraceMap.cpp",
     ],
 
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+
     target: {
         darwin: {
             enabled: true,
diff --git a/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/backtrace/Backtrace.h
rename to libbacktrace/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h
diff --git a/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h
rename to libbacktrace/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h
diff --git a/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h
rename to libbacktrace/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.c b/libcutils/fs_config.c
index b26827c..5fc2386 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.c
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.c
@@ -227,25 +227,24 @@
     /* clang-format on */
 };
 
+static size_t strip(const char* path, size_t len, const char suffix[]) {
+    if (len < strlen(suffix)) return len;
+    if (strncmp(path + len - strlen(suffix), suffix, strlen(suffix))) return len;
+    return len - strlen(suffix);
+}
+
 static int fs_config_open(int dir, int which, const char* target_out_path) {
     int fd = -1;
 
     if (target_out_path && *target_out_path) {
         /* target_out_path is the path to the directory holding content of
          * system partition but as we cannot guarantee it ends with '/system'
-         * or a trailing slash or not, we need to strip them off. */
+         * or with or without a trailing slash, need to strip them carefully. */
         char* name = NULL;
-        int target_out_path_len = strlen(target_out_path);
-
-        while ((target_out_path_len > 0) &&
-               (target_out_path[target_out_path_len - strlen("/")] == '/')) {
-            --target_out_path_len;
-        }
-        if ((target_out_path_len >= (int)strlen("/system")) &&
-            !strcmp(target_out_path + target_out_path_len - strlen("/system"), "/system")) {
-            target_out_path_len -= strlen("/system");
-        }
-        if (asprintf(&name, "%.*s%s", target_out_path_len, target_out_path, conf[which][dir]) != -1) {
+        size_t len = strlen(target_out_path);
+        len = strip(target_out_path, len, "/");
+        len = strip(target_out_path, len, "/system");
+        if (asprintf(&name, "%.*s%s", (int)len, target_out_path, conf[which][dir]) != -1) {
             fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(name, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY));
             free(name);
         }
diff --git a/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp b/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
index 73ca518..a9c061e 100644
--- a/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
@@ -262,6 +262,8 @@
             *policy = SP_FOREGROUND;
         } else if (!strcmp(grpBuf, "foreground")) {
             *policy = SP_FOREGROUND;
+        } else if (!strcmp(grpBuf, "system-background")) {
+            *policy = SP_SYSTEM;
         } else if (!strcmp(grpBuf, "background")) {
             *policy = SP_BACKGROUND;
         } else if (!strcmp(grpBuf, "top-app")) {
diff --git a/liblog/Android.bp b/liblog/Android.bp
index bb8c3af..e74aa82 100644
--- a/liblog/Android.bp
+++ b/liblog/Android.bp
@@ -107,14 +107,16 @@
     license: "NOTICE",
 }
 
-cc_library_headers {
-    name: "liblog_vndk_headers",
-    export_include_dirs: ["include_vndk"],
-}
-
 ndk_library {
-    name: "liblog.ndk",
+    name: "liblog",
     symbol_file: "liblog.map.txt",
     first_version: "9",
     unversioned_until: "current",
 }
+
+llndk_library {
+    name: "liblog",
+    symbol_file: "liblog.map.txt",
+    unversioned: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include_vndk"],
+}
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h b/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
index 55953fc..057be5d 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _LIBS_LOG_EVENT_LIST_H
 #define _LIBS_LOG_EVENT_LIST_H
 
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #if (defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_USING_LIBCXX))
@@ -148,6 +149,7 @@
     return ctx;
   }
 
+  /* return errors or transmit status */
   int status() const {
     return ret;
   }
@@ -209,14 +211,16 @@
   }
 
   int write(log_id_t id = LOG_ID_EVENTS) {
+    /* facilitate -EBUSY retry */
+    if ((ret == -EBUSY) || (ret > 0)) ret = 0;
     int retval = android_log_write_list(ctx, id);
-    if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+    /* existing errors trump transmission errors */
+    if (!ret) ret = retval;
     return ret;
   }
 
   int operator<<(log_id_t id) {
-    int retval = android_log_write_list(ctx, id);
-    if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+    write(id);
     android_log_destroy(&ctx);
     return ret;
   }
diff --git a/liblog/liblog.map.txt b/liblog/liblog.map.txt
index 599dc90..c00f2a0 100644
--- a/liblog/liblog.map.txt
+++ b/liblog/liblog.map.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 LIBLOG {
   global:
+    android_name_to_log_id; # vndk
+    android_log_id_to_name; # vndk
     __android_log_assert;
+    __android_log_buf_print; # vndk
+    __android_log_buf_write; # vndk
     __android_log_print;
     __android_log_vprint;
     __android_log_write;
@@ -8,8 +12,27 @@
     *;
 };
 
+LIBLOG_L {
+  global:
+    android_logger_clear; # vndk
+    android_logger_get_id; # vndk
+    android_logger_get_log_readable_size; # vndk
+    android_logger_get_log_version; # vndk
+    android_logger_get_log_size; # vndk
+    android_logger_list_alloc; # vndk
+    android_logger_list_alloc_time; # vndk
+    android_logger_list_free; # vndk
+    android_logger_list_open; # vndk
+    android_logger_list_read; # vndk
+    android_logger_open; # vndk
+    android_logger_set_log_size; # vndk
+};
+
 LIBLOG_M {
   global:
+    android_logger_get_prune_list; # vndk
+    android_logger_set_prune_list; # vndk
+    android_logger_get_statistics; # vndk
     __android_log_is_loggable;
 };
 
diff --git a/liblog/properties.c b/liblog/properties.c
index 0b0ef52..adf1900 100644
--- a/liblog/properties.c
+++ b/liblog/properties.c
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
   /* calculate the size of our key temporary buffer */
   const size_t taglen = tag ? len : 0;
   /* sizeof(log_namespace) = strlen(log_namespace) + 1 */
-  char key[sizeof(log_namespace) + taglen]; /* may be > PROP_NAME_MAX */
+  char key[sizeof(log_namespace) + taglen];
   char* kp;
   size_t i;
   char c = 0;
@@ -108,7 +108,8 @@
    * Where the missing tag matches all tags and becomes the
    * system global default. We do not support ro.log.tag* .
    */
-  static char last_tag[PROP_NAME_MAX];
+  static char* last_tag;
+  static size_t last_tag_len;
   static uint32_t global_serial;
   /* some compilers erroneously see uninitialized use. !not_locked */
   uint32_t current_global_serial = 0;
@@ -147,25 +148,29 @@
   if (taglen) {
     int local_change_detected = change_detected;
     if (!not_locked) {
-      if (!last_tag[0] || (last_tag[0] != tag[0]) ||
-          strncmp(
-              last_tag + 1, tag + 1,
-              (len < sizeof(last_tag)) ? (len - 1) : (sizeof(last_tag) - 1)) ||
-          ((len < sizeof(last_tag)) && last_tag[len])) {
+      if (!last_tag || !last_tag[0] || (last_tag[0] != tag[0]) ||
+          strncmp(last_tag + 1, tag + 1, last_tag_len - 1)) {
         /* invalidate log.tag.<tag> cache */
         for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(tag_cache) / sizeof(tag_cache[0])); ++i) {
           tag_cache[i].cache.pinfo = NULL;
           tag_cache[i].c = '\0';
         }
-        last_tag[0] = '\0';
+        if (last_tag) last_tag[0] = '\0';
         local_change_detected = 1;
       }
-      if (!last_tag[0]) {
-        if (len < sizeof(last_tag)) {
+      if (!last_tag || !last_tag[0]) {
+        if (!last_tag) {
+          last_tag = calloc(1, len + 1);
+          last_tag_len = 0;
+          if (last_tag) last_tag_len = len + 1;
+        } else if (len >= last_tag_len) {
+          last_tag = realloc(last_tag, len + 1);
+          last_tag_len = 0;
+          if (last_tag) last_tag_len = len + 1;
+        }
+        if (last_tag) {
           strncpy(last_tag, tag, len);
           last_tag[len] = '\0';
-        } else {
-          strncpy(last_tag, tag, sizeof(last_tag));
         }
       }
     }
@@ -435,7 +440,7 @@
                                                            int flag) {
   struct cache_property property = { { NULL, -1 }, { 0 } };
   if (flag & BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_PERSIST) {
-    char newkey[PROP_NAME_MAX];
+    char newkey[strlen("persist.") + strlen(key) + 1];
     snprintf(newkey, sizeof(newkey), "ro.%s", key);
     refresh_cache_property(&property, newkey);
     property.cache.pinfo = NULL;
@@ -600,8 +605,8 @@
     evaluate_property_get_size
     /* clang-format on */
   };
-  char key_persist[PROP_NAME_MAX];
-  char key_ro[PROP_NAME_MAX];
+  char key_persist[strlen(global_tunable) + strlen(".security") + 1];
+  char key_ro[strlen(global_default) + strlen(".security") + 1];
   struct cache2_property_size local = {
     /* clang-format off */
     PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
diff --git a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
index 83f35b1..050373a 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
+++ b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
@@ -573,11 +573,11 @@
   return false;
 }
 
-bool NativeBridgeInitNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                               const char* anon_ns_library_path) {
+bool NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
+                                        const char* anon_ns_library_path) {
   if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
     if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->initNamespace(public_ns_sonames, anon_ns_library_path);
+      return callbacks->initAnonymousNamespace(public_ns_sonames, anon_ns_library_path);
     } else {
       ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot init namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
     }
@@ -608,6 +608,19 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
+bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(native_bridge_namespace_t* from, native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
+                                const char* shared_libs_sonames) {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->linkNamespaces(from, to, shared_libs_sonames);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot init namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
 void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns) {
   if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
     if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
index 4c3e862..c9468f0 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
     NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp \
     NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp \
     NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp \
     NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp \
     NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
 
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
index 13fce85..4ef1c82 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_initNamespace(const char* /* public_ns_sonames */,
-                                        const char* /* anon_ns_library_path */) {
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_initAnonymousNamespace(const char* /* public_ns_sonames */,
+                                                      const char* /* anon_ns_library_path */) {
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -91,30 +91,34 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_linkNamespaces(android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* from */,
+                                              android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* to */,
+                                              const char* /* shared_libs_soname */) {
+  return true;
+}
+
 extern "C" void* native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt(const char* /* libpath */,
                                                int /* flag */,
                                                android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* ns */) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-
-android::NativeBridgeCallbacks NativeBridgeItf {
-  // v1
-  .version = 3,
-  .initialize = &native_bridge3_initialize,
-  .loadLibrary = &native_bridge3_loadLibrary,
-  .getTrampoline = &native_bridge3_getTrampoline,
-  .isSupported = &native_bridge3_isSupported,
-  .getAppEnv = &native_bridge3_getAppEnv,
-  // v2
-  .isCompatibleWith = &native_bridge3_isCompatibleWith,
-  .getSignalHandler = &native_bridge3_getSignalHandler,
-  // v3
-  .unloadLibrary = &native_bridge3_unloadLibrary,
-  .getError = &native_bridge3_getError,
-  .isPathSupported  = &native_bridge3_isPathSupported,
-  .initNamespace = &native_bridge3_initNamespace,
-  .createNamespace = &native_bridge3_createNamespace,
-  .loadLibraryExt = &native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt
-};
-
+android::NativeBridgeCallbacks NativeBridgeItf{
+    // v1
+    .version = 3,
+    .initialize = &native_bridge3_initialize,
+    .loadLibrary = &native_bridge3_loadLibrary,
+    .getTrampoline = &native_bridge3_getTrampoline,
+    .isSupported = &native_bridge3_isSupported,
+    .getAppEnv = &native_bridge3_getAppEnv,
+    // v2
+    .isCompatibleWith = &native_bridge3_isCompatibleWith,
+    .getSignalHandler = &native_bridge3_getSignalHandler,
+    // v3
+    .unloadLibrary = &native_bridge3_unloadLibrary,
+    .getError = &native_bridge3_getError,
+    .isPathSupported = &native_bridge3_isPathSupported,
+    .initAnonymousNamespace = &native_bridge3_initAnonymousNamespace,
+    .createNamespace = &native_bridge3_createNamespace,
+    .linkNamespaces = &native_bridge3_linkNamespaces,
+    .loadLibraryExt = &native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt};
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0d6b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_InitAnonymousNamespace) {
+  // Init
+  ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+  ASSERT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(nullptr, nullptr));
+
+  // Clean-up code_cache
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ae0fd2b..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_InitNamespace) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeInitNamespace(nullptr, nullptr));
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
index 74f2f1d..f3391d1 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
@@ -183,6 +183,11 @@
         return false;
       }
 
+      if (!NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(ns, nullptr, public_libraries_.c_str())) {
+        *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+        return false;
+      }
+
       native_loader_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace(ns);
     }
 
@@ -324,8 +329,8 @@
 
     // and now initialize native bridge namespaces if necessary.
     if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-      initialized_ = NativeBridgeInitNamespace(public_libraries_.c_str(),
-                                               is_native_bridge ? library_path : nullptr);
+      initialized_ = NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(public_libraries_.c_str(),
+                                                        is_native_bridge ? library_path : nullptr);
       if (!initialized_) {
         *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
       }
diff --git a/libsystem/Android.bp b/libsystem/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d076d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsystem/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libsystem_headers",
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/include/system/camera.h b/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/system/camera.h
rename to libsystem/include/system/camera.h
diff --git a/include/system/graphics.h b/libsystem/include/system/graphics.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/system/graphics.h
rename to libsystem/include/system/graphics.h
diff --git a/include/system/qemu_pipe.h b/libsystem/include/system/qemu_pipe.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/system/qemu_pipe.h
rename to libsystem/include/system/qemu_pipe.h
diff --git a/include/system/radio.h b/libsystem/include/system/radio.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/system/radio.h
rename to libsystem/include/system/radio.h
diff --git a/include/system/thread_defs.h b/libsystem/include/system/thread_defs.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/system/thread_defs.h
rename to libsystem/include/system/thread_defs.h
diff --git a/include/system/window.h b/libsystem/include/system/window.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/system/window.h
rename to libsystem/include/system/window.h
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index ee646de..e35593f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
         "ElfInterfaceArm.cpp",
         "Log.cpp",
         "Regs.cpp",
+        "Maps.cpp",
         "Memory.cpp",
         "Symbols.cpp",
     ],
@@ -97,6 +98,7 @@
         "tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfTest.cpp",
         "tests/LogFake.cpp",
+        "tests/MapsTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFake.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp",
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b369c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Maps.h"
+
+MapInfo* Maps::Find(uint64_t pc) {
+  if (maps_.empty()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  size_t first = 0;
+  size_t last = maps_.size();
+  while (first < last) {
+    size_t index = (first + last) / 2;
+    MapInfo* cur = &maps_[index];
+    if (pc >= cur->start && pc < cur->end) {
+      return cur;
+    } else if (pc < cur->start) {
+      last = index;
+    } else {
+      first = index + 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool Maps::ParseLine(const char* line, MapInfo* map_info) {
+  char permissions[5];
+  int name_pos;
+  // Linux /proc/<pid>/maps lines:
+  // 6f000000-6f01e000 rwxp 00000000 00:0c 16389419   /system/lib/libcomposer.so
+  if (sscanf(line, "%" SCNx64 "-%" SCNx64 " %4s %" SCNx64 " %*x:%*x %*d %n", &map_info->start,
+             &map_info->end, permissions, &map_info->offset, &name_pos) != 4) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  map_info->flags = PROT_NONE;
+  if (permissions[0] == 'r') {
+    map_info->flags |= PROT_READ;
+  }
+  if (permissions[1] == 'w') {
+    map_info->flags |= PROT_WRITE;
+  }
+  if (permissions[2] == 'x') {
+    map_info->flags |= PROT_EXEC;
+  }
+
+  map_info->name = &line[name_pos];
+  size_t length = map_info->name.length() - 1;
+  if (map_info->name[length] == '\n') {
+    map_info->name.erase(length);
+  }
+  // Mark a device map in /dev/and not in /dev/ashmem/ specially.
+  if (!map_info->name.empty() && map_info->name.substr(0, 5) == "/dev/" &&
+      map_info->name.substr(5, 7) != "ashmem/") {
+    map_info->flags |= MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Maps::Parse() {
+  std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen(GetMapsFile().c_str(), "re"), fclose);
+  if (!fp) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  bool valid = true;
+  char* line = nullptr;
+  size_t line_len;
+  while (getline(&line, &line_len, fp.get()) > 0) {
+    MapInfo map_info;
+    if (!ParseLine(line, &map_info)) {
+      valid = false;
+      break;
+    }
+
+    maps_.push_back(map_info);
+  }
+  free(line);
+
+  return valid;
+}
+
+Maps::~Maps() {
+  for (auto& map : maps_) {
+    delete map.elf;
+    map.elf = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+bool BufferMaps::Parse() {
+  const char* start_of_line = buffer_;
+  do {
+    std::string line;
+    const char* end_of_line = strchr(start_of_line, '\n');
+    if (end_of_line == nullptr) {
+      line = start_of_line;
+    } else {
+      end_of_line++;
+      line = std::string(start_of_line, end_of_line - start_of_line);
+    }
+
+    MapInfo map_info;
+    if (!ParseLine(line.c_str(), &map_info)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    maps_.push_back(map_info);
+
+    start_of_line = end_of_line;
+  } while (start_of_line != nullptr && *start_of_line != '\0');
+  return true;
+}
+
+const std::string RemoteMaps::GetMapsFile() const {
+  return "/proc/" + std::to_string(pid_) + "/maps";
+}
+
+bool OfflineMaps::Parse() {
+  // Format of maps information:
+  //   <uint64_t> StartOffset
+  //   <uint64_t> EndOffset
+  //   <uint64_t> offset
+  //   <uint16_t> flags
+  //   <uint16_t> MapNameLength
+  //   <VariableLengthValue> MapName
+  android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file_.c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<char> name;
+  while (true) {
+    MapInfo map_info;
+    ssize_t bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &map_info.start, sizeof(map_info.start)));
+    if (bytes == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (bytes == -1 || bytes != sizeof(map_info.start)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &map_info.end, sizeof(map_info.end)));
+    if (bytes == -1 || bytes != sizeof(map_info.end)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &map_info.offset, sizeof(map_info.offset)));
+    if (bytes == -1 || bytes != sizeof(map_info.offset)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &map_info.flags, sizeof(map_info.flags)));
+    if (bytes == -1 || bytes != sizeof(map_info.flags)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    uint16_t len;
+    bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &len, sizeof(len)));
+    if (bytes == -1 || bytes != sizeof(len)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (len > 0) {
+      name.resize(len);
+      bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, name.data(), len));
+      if (bytes == -1 || bytes != len) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      map_info.name = std::string(name.data(), len);
+    }
+    maps_.push_back(map_info);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Maps.h b/libunwindstack/Maps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..239b64a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Maps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MAPS_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MAPS_H
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Elf.h"
+#include "MapInfo.h"
+
+// Special flag to indicate a map is in /dev/. However, a map in
+// /dev/ashmem/... does not set this flag.
+static constexpr int MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP = 0x8000;
+
+class Maps {
+ public:
+  Maps() = default;
+  virtual ~Maps();
+
+  MapInfo* Find(uint64_t pc);
+
+  bool ParseLine(const char* line, MapInfo* map_info);
+
+  virtual bool Parse();
+
+  virtual const std::string GetMapsFile() const { return ""; }
+
+  typedef std::vector<MapInfo>::iterator iterator;
+  iterator begin() { return maps_.begin(); }
+  iterator end() { return maps_.end(); }
+
+  typedef std::vector<MapInfo>::const_iterator const_iterator;
+  const_iterator begin() const { return maps_.begin(); }
+  const_iterator end() const { return maps_.end(); }
+
+  size_t Total() { return maps_.size(); }
+
+ protected:
+  std::vector<MapInfo> maps_;
+};
+
+class RemoteMaps : public Maps {
+ public:
+  RemoteMaps(pid_t pid) : pid_(pid) {}
+  virtual ~RemoteMaps() = default;
+
+  virtual const std::string GetMapsFile() const override;
+
+ private:
+  pid_t pid_;
+};
+
+class LocalMaps : public RemoteMaps {
+ public:
+  LocalMaps() : RemoteMaps(getpid()) {}
+  virtual ~LocalMaps() = default;
+};
+
+class BufferMaps : public Maps {
+ public:
+  BufferMaps(const char* buffer) : buffer_(buffer) {}
+  virtual ~BufferMaps() = default;
+
+  bool Parse() override;
+
+ private:
+  const char* buffer_;
+};
+
+class FileMaps : public Maps {
+ public:
+  FileMaps(const std::string& file) : file_(file) {}
+  virtual ~FileMaps() = default;
+
+  const std::string GetMapsFile() const override { return file_; }
+
+ protected:
+  const std::string file_;
+};
+
+class OfflineMaps : public FileMaps {
+ public:
+  OfflineMaps(const std::string& file) : FileMaps(file) {}
+  virtual ~OfflineMaps() = default;
+
+  bool Parse() override;
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MAPS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb9bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Maps.h"
+
+TEST(MapsTest, parse_permissions) {
+  BufferMaps maps(
+      "1000-2000 ---- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "2000-3000 r--- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "3000-4000 -w-- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "4000-5000 --x- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "5000-6000 rwx- 00000000 00:00 0\n");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, maps.Total());
+  auto it = maps.begin();
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_NONE, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x4000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x4000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x5000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x5000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x6000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(it, maps.end());
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, parse_name) {
+  BufferMaps maps(
+      "720b29b000-720b29e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "720b29e000-720b29f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake.so\n"
+      "720b29f000-720b2a0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, maps.Total());
+  auto it = maps.begin();
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29b000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29e000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake.so", it->name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29e000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29f000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29f000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2a0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(it, maps.end());
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, parse_offset) {
+  BufferMaps maps(
+      "a000-e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake.so\n"
+      "e000-f000 rw-p 00a12345 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake.so\n");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, maps.Total());
+  auto it = maps.begin();
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake.so", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa12345U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xf000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake.so", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(maps.end(), it);
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, device) {
+  BufferMaps maps(
+      "a000-e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /dev/\n"
+      "f000-f100 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /dev/does_not_exist\n"
+      "f100-f200 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /dev/ashmem/does_not_exist\n"
+      "f200-f300 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /devsomething/does_not_exist\n");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, maps.Total());
+  auto it = maps.begin();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(it->flags & 0x8000);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/dev/", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(it->flags & 0x8000);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/dev/does_not_exist", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(it->flags & 0x8000);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/dev/ashmem/does_not_exist", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(it->flags & 0x8000);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/devsomething/does_not_exist", it->name);
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, file_smoke) {
+  TemporaryFile tf;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      android::base::WriteStringToFile("720b29b000-720b29e000 r-xp a0000000 00:00 0   /fake.so\n"
+                                       "720b2b0000-720b2e0000 r-xp b0000000 00:00 0   /fake2.so\n"
+                                       "720b2e0000-720b2f0000 r-xp c0000000 00:00 0   /fake3.so\n",
+                                       tf.path, 0660, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+  FileMaps maps(tf.path);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, maps.Total());
+  auto it = maps.begin();
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29b000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29e000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa0000000U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/fake.so", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2b0000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2e0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xb0000000U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/fake2.so", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2e0000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2f0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc0000000U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/fake3.so", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(it, maps.end());
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, find) {
+  BufferMaps maps(
+      "1000-2000 r--p 00000010 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake1.so\n"
+      "3000-4000 -w-p 00000020 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake2.so\n"
+      "6000-8000 --xp 00000030 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake3.so\n"
+      "a000-b000 rw-p 00000040 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake4.so\n"
+      "e000-f000 rwxp 00000050 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake5.so\n");
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, maps.Total());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Find(0x500) == nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Find(0x2000) == nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Find(0x5010) == nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Find(0x9a00) == nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Find(0xf000) == nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Find(0xf010) == nullptr);
+
+  MapInfo* info = maps.Find(0x1000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1000U, info->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2000U, info->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, info->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ, info->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake1.so", info->name);
+
+  info = maps.Find(0x3020);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3000U, info->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x4000U, info->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x20U, info->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_WRITE, info->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake2.so", info->name);
+
+  info = maps.Find(0x6020);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x6000U, info->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x8000U, info->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x30U, info->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_EXEC, info->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake3.so", info->name);
+
+  info = maps.Find(0xafff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa000U, info->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xb000U, info->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x40U, info->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, info->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake4.so", info->name);
+
+  info = maps.Find(0xe500);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000U, info->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xf000U, info->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x50U, info->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, info->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake5.so", info->name);
+}
diff --git a/libutils/Android.bp b/libutils/Android.bp
index 2b7412b..b46ad62 100644
--- a/libutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libutils/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libutils_headers",
+    vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     target: {
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libutils",
+    vendor_available: true,
     host_supported: true,
 
     srcs: [
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
index 0ac6f2c..246575f 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
@@ -563,6 +563,17 @@
 
   // Paranoia: Match the values specified in the local file header
   // to those specified in the central directory.
+
+  // Verify that the central directory and local file header agree on the use of a trailing
+  // Data Descriptor.
+  if ((lfh->gpb_flags & kGPBDDFlagMask) != (cdr->gpb_flags & kGPBDDFlagMask)) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: gpb flag mismatch. expected {%04" PRIx16 "}, was {%04" PRIx16 "}",
+          cdr->gpb_flags, lfh->gpb_flags);
+    return kInconsistentInformation;
+  }
+
+  // If there is no trailing data descriptor, verify that the central directory and local file
+  // header agree on the crc, compressed, and uncompressed sizes of the entry.
   if ((lfh->gpb_flags & kGPBDDFlagMask) == 0) {
     data->has_data_descriptor = 0;
     if (data->compressed_length != lfh->compressed_size
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
index 7600528..6d28bdb 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <zlib.h>
 #define DEF_MEM_LEVEL 8                // normally in zutil.h?
 
@@ -84,11 +85,19 @@
   delete stream;
 }
 
-ZipWriter::ZipWriter(FILE* f) : file_(f), current_offset_(0), state_(State::kWritingZip),
-                                z_stream_(nullptr, DeleteZStream), buffer_(kBufSize) {
+ZipWriter::ZipWriter(FILE* f) : file_(f), seekable_(false), current_offset_(0),
+                                state_(State::kWritingZip), z_stream_(nullptr, DeleteZStream),
+                                buffer_(kBufSize) {
+  // Check if the file is seekable (regular file). If fstat fails, that's fine, subsequent calls
+  // will fail as well.
+  struct stat file_stats;
+  if (fstat(fileno(f), &file_stats) == 0) {
+    seekable_ = S_ISREG(file_stats.st_mode);
+  }
 }
 
 ZipWriter::ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& writer) : file_(writer.file_),
+                                           seekable_(writer.seekable_),
                                            current_offset_(writer.current_offset_),
                                            state_(writer.state_),
                                            files_(std::move(writer.files_)),
@@ -100,6 +109,7 @@
 
 ZipWriter& ZipWriter::operator=(ZipWriter&& writer) {
   file_ = writer.file_;
+  seekable_ = writer.seekable_;
   current_offset_ = writer.current_offset_;
   state_ = writer.state_;
   files_ = std::move(writer.files_);
@@ -159,6 +169,30 @@
   *out_time = ptm->tm_hour << 11 | ptm->tm_min << 5 | ptm->tm_sec >> 1;
 }
 
+static void CopyFromFileEntry(const ZipWriter::FileEntry& src, bool use_data_descriptor,
+                              LocalFileHeader* dst) {
+  dst->lfh_signature = LocalFileHeader::kSignature;
+  if (use_data_descriptor) {
+    // Set this flag to denote that a DataDescriptor struct will appear after the data,
+    // containing the crc and size fields.
+    dst->gpb_flags |= kGPBDDFlagMask;
+
+    // The size and crc fields must be 0.
+    dst->compressed_size = 0u;
+    dst->uncompressed_size = 0u;
+    dst->crc32 = 0u;
+  } else {
+    dst->compressed_size = src.compressed_size;
+    dst->uncompressed_size = src.uncompressed_size;
+    dst->crc32 = src.crc32;
+  }
+  dst->compression_method = src.compression_method;
+  dst->last_mod_time = src.last_mod_time;
+  dst->last_mod_date = src.last_mod_date;
+  dst->file_name_length = src.path.size();
+  dst->extra_field_length = src.padding_length;
+}
+
 int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags,
                                              time_t time, uint32_t alignment) {
   if (state_ != State::kWritingZip) {
@@ -173,66 +207,58 @@
     return kInvalidAlignment;
   }
 
-  current_file_entry_ = {};
-  current_file_entry_.path = path;
-  current_file_entry_.local_file_header_offset = current_offset_;
+  FileEntry file_entry = {};
+  file_entry.local_file_header_offset = current_offset_;
+  file_entry.path = path;
 
-  if (!IsValidEntryName(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(current_file_entry_.path.data()),
-                        current_file_entry_.path.size())) {
+  if (!IsValidEntryName(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(file_entry.path.data()),
+                        file_entry.path.size())) {
     return kInvalidEntryName;
   }
 
-  LocalFileHeader header = {};
-  header.lfh_signature = LocalFileHeader::kSignature;
-
-  // Set this flag to denote that a DataDescriptor struct will appear after the data,
-  // containing the crc and size fields.
-  header.gpb_flags |= kGPBDDFlagMask;
-
   if (flags & ZipWriter::kCompress) {
-    current_file_entry_.compression_method = kCompressDeflated;
+    file_entry.compression_method = kCompressDeflated;
 
     int32_t result = PrepareDeflate();
     if (result != kNoError) {
       return result;
     }
   } else {
-    current_file_entry_.compression_method = kCompressStored;
+    file_entry.compression_method = kCompressStored;
   }
-  header.compression_method = current_file_entry_.compression_method;
 
-  ExtractTimeAndDate(time, &current_file_entry_.last_mod_time, &current_file_entry_.last_mod_date);
-  header.last_mod_time = current_file_entry_.last_mod_time;
-  header.last_mod_date = current_file_entry_.last_mod_date;
+  ExtractTimeAndDate(time, &file_entry.last_mod_time, &file_entry.last_mod_date);
 
-  header.file_name_length = current_file_entry_.path.size();
-
-  off64_t offset = current_offset_ + sizeof(header) + current_file_entry_.path.size();
+  off_t offset = current_offset_ + sizeof(LocalFileHeader) + file_entry.path.size();
   std::vector<char> zero_padding;
   if (alignment != 0 && (offset & (alignment - 1))) {
     // Pad the extra field so the data will be aligned.
     uint16_t padding = alignment - (offset % alignment);
-    header.extra_field_length = padding;
+    file_entry.padding_length = padding;
     offset += padding;
-    zero_padding.resize(padding);
-    memset(zero_padding.data(), 0, zero_padding.size());
+    zero_padding.resize(padding, 0);
   }
 
+  LocalFileHeader header = {};
+  // Always start expecting a data descriptor. When the data has finished being written,
+  // if it is possible to seek back, the GPB flag will reset and the sizes written.
+  CopyFromFileEntry(file_entry, true /*use_data_descriptor*/, &header);
+
   if (fwrite(&header, sizeof(header), 1, file_) != 1) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
-  if (fwrite(path, sizeof(*path), current_file_entry_.path.size(), file_)
-      != current_file_entry_.path.size()) {
+  if (fwrite(path, sizeof(*path), file_entry.path.size(), file_) != file_entry.path.size()) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
-  if (header.extra_field_length != 0 &&
-      fwrite(zero_padding.data(), 1, header.extra_field_length, file_)
-      != header.extra_field_length) {
+  if (file_entry.padding_length != 0 &&
+      fwrite(zero_padding.data(), 1, file_entry.padding_length, file_)
+      != file_entry.padding_length) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
+  current_file_entry_ = std::move(file_entry);
   current_offset_ = offset;
   state_ = State::kWritingEntry;
   return kNoError;
@@ -405,23 +431,41 @@
     }
   }
 
-  const uint32_t sig = DataDescriptor::kOptSignature;
-  if (fwrite(&sig, sizeof(sig), 1, file_) != 1) {
-    state_ = State::kError;
-    return kIoError;
-  }
+  if ((current_file_entry_.compression_method & kCompressDeflated) || !seekable_) {
+    // Some versions of ZIP don't allow STORED data to have a trailing DataDescriptor.
+    // If this file is not seekable, or if the data is compressed, write a DataDescriptor.
+    const uint32_t sig = DataDescriptor::kOptSignature;
+    if (fwrite(&sig, sizeof(sig), 1, file_) != 1) {
+      return HandleError(kIoError);
+    }
 
-  DataDescriptor dd = {};
-  dd.crc32 = current_file_entry_.crc32;
-  dd.compressed_size = current_file_entry_.compressed_size;
-  dd.uncompressed_size = current_file_entry_.uncompressed_size;
-  if (fwrite(&dd, sizeof(dd), 1, file_) != 1) {
-    return HandleError(kIoError);
+    DataDescriptor dd = {};
+    dd.crc32 = current_file_entry_.crc32;
+    dd.compressed_size = current_file_entry_.compressed_size;
+    dd.uncompressed_size = current_file_entry_.uncompressed_size;
+    if (fwrite(&dd, sizeof(dd), 1, file_) != 1) {
+      return HandleError(kIoError);
+    }
+    current_offset_ += sizeof(DataDescriptor::kOptSignature) + sizeof(dd);
+  } else {
+    // Seek back to the header and rewrite to include the size.
+    if (fseeko(file_, current_file_entry_.local_file_header_offset, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+      return HandleError(kIoError);
+    }
+
+    LocalFileHeader header = {};
+    CopyFromFileEntry(current_file_entry_, false /*use_data_descriptor*/, &header);
+
+    if (fwrite(&header, sizeof(header), 1, file_) != 1) {
+      return HandleError(kIoError);
+    }
+
+    if (fseeko(file_, current_offset_, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+      return HandleError(kIoError);
+    }
   }
 
   files_.emplace_back(std::move(current_file_entry_));
-
-  current_offset_ += sizeof(DataDescriptor::kOptSignature) + sizeof(dd);
   state_ = State::kWritingZip;
   return kNoError;
 }
@@ -431,11 +475,13 @@
     return kInvalidState;
   }
 
-  off64_t startOfCdr = current_offset_;
+  off_t startOfCdr = current_offset_;
   for (FileEntry& file : files_) {
     CentralDirectoryRecord cdr = {};
     cdr.record_signature = CentralDirectoryRecord::kSignature;
-    cdr.gpb_flags |= kGPBDDFlagMask;
+    if ((file.compression_method & kCompressDeflated) || !seekable_) {
+      cdr.gpb_flags |= kGPBDDFlagMask;
+    }
     cdr.compression_method = file.compression_method;
     cdr.last_mod_time = file.last_mod_time;
     cdr.last_mod_date = file.last_mod_date;
@@ -443,7 +489,7 @@
     cdr.compressed_size = file.compressed_size;
     cdr.uncompressed_size = file.uncompressed_size;
     cdr.file_name_length = file.path.size();
-    cdr.local_file_header_offset = file.local_file_header_offset;
+    cdr.local_file_header_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(file.local_file_header_offset);
     if (fwrite(&cdr, sizeof(cdr), 1, file_) != 1) {
       return HandleError(kIoError);
     }
@@ -473,7 +519,7 @@
   // Since we can BackUp() and potentially finish writing at an offset less than one we had
   // already written at, we must truncate the file.
 
-  if (ftruncate64(fileno(file_), current_offset_) != 0) {
+  if (ftruncate(fileno(file_), current_offset_) != 0) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc b/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc
index 30f4950..5b526a4 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
   ZipEntry data;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, FindEntry(handle, ZipString("file.txt"), &data));
   EXPECT_EQ(kCompressStored, data.method);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0u, data.has_data_descriptor);
   EXPECT_EQ(strlen(expected), data.compressed_length);
   ASSERT_EQ(strlen(expected), data.uncompressed_length);
   ASSERT_TRUE(AssertFileEntryContentsEq(expected, handle, &data));
diff --git a/logd/main.cpp b/logd/main.cpp
index 946485b..18029eb 100644
--- a/logd/main.cpp
+++ b/logd/main.cpp
@@ -407,6 +407,11 @@
 // logging plugins like auditd and restart control. Additional
 // transitory per-client threads are created for each reader.
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    // logd is written under the assumption that the timezone is UTC.
+    // If TZ is not set, persist.sys.timezone is looked up in some time utility
+    // libc functions, including mktime. It confuses the logd time handling,
+    // so here explicitly set TZ to UTC, which overrides the property.
+    setenv("TZ", "UTC", 1);
     // issue reinit command. KISS argument parsing.
     if ((argc > 1) && argv[1] && !strcmp(argv[1], "--reinit")) {
         return issueReinit();
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index ff96c14..a43b0e1 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -301,9 +301,6 @@
     start logd
     start hwservicemanager
 
-    # HALs required before data is mounted
-    class_start early_hal
-
     # once everything is setup, no need to modify /
     mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount
     # Mount shared so changes propagate into child namespaces
@@ -351,6 +348,10 @@
     # create the lost+found directories, so as to enforce our permissions
     mkdir /cache/lost+found 0770 root root
 
+on late-fs
+    # HALs required before storage encryption can get unlocked (FBE/FDE)
+    class_start early_hal
+
 on post-fs-data
     # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults
     chown system system /data
@@ -405,7 +406,7 @@
     mkdir /data/misc/boottrace 0771 system shell
     mkdir /data/misc/update_engine 0700 root root
     mkdir /data/misc/trace 0700 root root
-    mkdir /data/misc/reboot 0700 root root
+    mkdir /data/misc/reboot 0700 system system
     # profile file layout
     mkdir /data/misc/profiles 0771 system system
     mkdir /data/misc/profiles/cur 0771 system system
@@ -643,6 +644,12 @@
 on property:sys.boot_completed=1
     bootchart stop
 
+on property:sys.boot_completed=1 && property:ro.build.type=user
+    write /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled 1
+
+on property:sys.boot_completed=1 && property:ro.build.type=userdebug
+    write /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled 1
+
 # system server cannot write to /proc/sys files,
 # and chown/chmod does not work for /proc/sys/ entries.
 # So proxy writes through init.
diff --git a/rootdir/ueventd.rc b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
index 0633a68..1609ef2 100644
--- a/rootdir/ueventd.rc
+++ b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
@@ -1,5 +1,37 @@
 subsystem adf
-	devname uevent_devname
+    devname uevent_devname
+
+subsystem graphics
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/graphics
+
+subsystem drm
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/dri
+
+subsystem oncrpc
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/oncrpc
+
+subsystem adsp
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/adsp
+
+subsystem msm_camera
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/msm_camera
+
+subsystem input
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/input
+
+subsystem mtd
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/mtd
+
+subsystem sound
+    devname uevent_devpath
+    dirname /dev/snd
 
 # ueventd can only set permissions on device nodes and their associated
 # sysfs attributes, not on arbitrary paths.
@@ -21,9 +53,6 @@
 /dev/binder               0666   root       root
 /dev/hwbinder             0666   root       root
 
-# Anyone can read the logs, but if they're not in the "logs"
-# group, then they'll only see log entries for their UID.
-/dev/log/*                0666   root       log
 /dev/pmsg0                0222   root       log
 
 # the msm hw3d client device node is world writable/readable.
diff --git a/toolbox/Android.mk b/toolbox/Android.mk
index d6ead1a..aa755ed 100644
--- a/toolbox/Android.mk
+++ b/toolbox/Android.mk
@@ -95,3 +95,13 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := grep
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := $(hide) $(foreach t,egrep fgrep,ln -sf grep $(TARGET_OUT)/bin/$(t);)
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+
+# We build gzip separately, so it can provide gunzip and zcat too.
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := gzip
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := gzip.c
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wall -Werror
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libz
+LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := $(hide) $(foreach t,gunzip zcat,ln -sf gzip $(TARGET_OUT)/bin/$(t);)
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/toolbox/gzip.c b/toolbox/gzip.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62c4518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/toolbox/gzip.c
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+/* gzip.c - gzip/gunzip/zcat tools for gzip data
+ *
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * GZIP RFC: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1952.txt
+
+TODO: port to toybox.
+
+*/
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <zlib.h>
+
+// toybox-style flags/globals.
+#define FLAG_c 1
+#define FLAG_d 2
+#define FLAG_f 4
+#define FLAG_k 8
+static struct {
+  int optflags;
+} toys;
+static struct {
+  int level;
+} TT;
+
+static void xstat(const char *path, struct stat *sb)
+{
+  if (stat(path, sb)) error(1, errno, "stat %s", path);
+}
+
+static void fix_time(const char *path, struct stat *sb)
+{
+  struct timespec times[] = { sb->st_atim, sb->st_mtim };
+
+  if (utimensat(AT_FDCWD, path, times, 0)) error(1, errno, "utimes");
+}
+
+static FILE *xfdopen(const char *name, int flags, mode_t open_mode,
+    const char *mode)
+{
+  FILE *fp;
+  int fd;
+
+  if (!strcmp(name, "-")) fd = dup((*mode == 'r') ? 0 : 1);
+  else fd = open(name, flags, open_mode);
+
+  if (fd == -1) error(1, errno, "open %s (%s)", name, mode);
+  fp = fdopen(fd, mode);
+  if (fp == NULL) error(1, errno, "fopen %s (%s)", name, mode);
+  return fp;
+}
+
+static gzFile xgzopen(const char *name, int flags, mode_t open_mode,
+    const char *mode)
+{
+  gzFile f;
+  int fd;
+
+  if (!strcmp(name, "-")) fd = dup((*mode == 'r') ? 0 : 1);
+  else fd = open(name, flags, open_mode);
+
+  if (fd == -1) error(1, errno, "open %s (%s)", name, mode);
+  f = gzdopen(fd, mode);
+  if (f == NULL) error(1, errno, "gzdopen %s (%s)", name, mode);
+  return f;
+}
+
+static void gzfatal(gzFile f, char *what)
+{
+  int err;
+  const char *msg = gzerror(f, &err);
+
+  error(1, (err == Z_ERRNO) ? errno : 0, "%s: %s", what, msg);
+}
+
+static void gunzip(char *arg)
+{
+  struct stat sb;
+  char buf[BUFSIZ];
+  int len, both_files;
+  char *in_name, *out_name;
+  gzFile in;
+  FILE *out;
+
+  // "gunzip x.gz" will decompress "x.gz" to "x".
+  len = strlen(arg);
+  if (len > 3 && !strcmp(arg+len-3, ".gz")) {
+    in_name = strdup(arg);
+    out_name = strdup(arg);
+    out_name[len-3] = '\0';
+  } else if (!strcmp(arg, "-")) {
+    // "-" means stdin; assume output to stdout.
+    // TODO: require -f to read compressed data from tty?
+    in_name = strdup("-");
+    out_name = strdup("-");
+  } else error(1, 0, "unknown suffix");
+
+  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_c) {
+    free(out_name);
+    out_name = strdup("-");
+  }
+
+  both_files = strcmp(in_name, "-") && strcmp(out_name, "-");
+  if (both_files) xstat(in_name, &sb);
+
+  in = xgzopen(in_name, O_RDONLY, 0, "r");
+  out = xfdopen(out_name, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|((toys.optflags&FLAG_f)?0:O_EXCL),
+      both_files?sb.st_mode:0666, "w");
+
+  while ((len = gzread(in, buf, sizeof(buf))) > 0) {
+    if (fwrite(buf, 1, len, out) != (size_t) len) error(1, errno, "fwrite");
+  }
+  if (len < 0) gzfatal(in, "gzread");
+  if (fclose(out)) error(1, errno, "fclose");
+  if (gzclose(in) != Z_OK) error(1, 0, "gzclose");
+
+  if (both_files) fix_time(out_name, &sb);
+  if (!(toys.optflags&(FLAG_c|FLAG_k))) unlink(in_name);
+  free(in_name);
+  free(out_name);
+}
+
+static void gzip(char *in_name)
+{
+  char buf[BUFSIZ];
+  size_t len;
+  char *out_name;
+  FILE *in;
+  gzFile out;
+  struct stat sb;
+  int both_files;
+
+  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_c) {
+    out_name = strdup("-");
+  } else {
+    if (asprintf(&out_name, "%s.gz", in_name) == -1) {
+      error(1, errno, "asprintf");
+    }
+  }
+
+  both_files = strcmp(in_name, "-") && strcmp(out_name, "-");
+  if (both_files) xstat(in_name, &sb);
+
+  snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "w%d", TT.level);
+  in = xfdopen(in_name, O_RDONLY, 0, "r");
+  out = xgzopen(out_name, O_CREAT|O_WRONLY|((toys.optflags&FLAG_f)?0:O_EXCL),
+      both_files?sb.st_mode:0, buf);
+
+  while ((len = fread(buf, 1, sizeof(buf), in)) > 0) {
+    if (gzwrite(out, buf, len) != (int) len) gzfatal(out, "gzwrite");
+  }
+  if (ferror(in)) error(1, errno, "fread");
+  if (fclose(in)) error(1, errno, "fclose");
+  if (gzclose(out) != Z_OK) error(1, 0, "gzclose");
+
+  if (both_files) fix_time(out_name, &sb);
+  if (!(toys.optflags&(FLAG_c|FLAG_k))) unlink(in_name);
+  free(out_name);
+}
+
+static void do_file(char *arg)
+{
+  if (toys.optflags&FLAG_d) gunzip(arg);
+  else gzip(arg);
+}
+
+static void usage()
+{
+  char *cmd = basename(getprogname());
+
+  printf("usage: %s [-c] [-d] [-f] [-#] [FILE...]\n", cmd);
+  printf("\n");
+  if (!strcmp(cmd, "zcat")) {
+    printf("Decompress files to stdout. Like `gzip -dc`.\n");
+    printf("\n");
+    printf("-c\tOutput to stdout\n");
+    printf("-f\tForce: allow read from tty\n");
+  } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "gunzip")) {
+    printf("Decompress files. With no files, decompresses stdin to stdout.\n");
+    printf("On success, the input files are removed and replaced by new\n");
+    printf("files without the .gz suffix.\n");
+    printf("\n");
+    printf("-c\tOutput to stdout\n");
+    printf("-f\tForce: allow read from tty\n");
+    printf("-k\tKeep input files (don't remove)\n");
+  } else { // gzip
+    printf("Compress files. With no files, compresses stdin to stdout.\n");
+    printf("On success, the input files are removed and replaced by new\n");
+    printf("files with the .gz suffix.\n");
+    printf("\n");
+    printf("-c\tOutput to stdout\n");
+    printf("-d\tDecompress (act as gunzip)\n");
+    printf("-f\tForce: allow overwrite of output file\n");
+    printf("-k\tKeep input files (don't remove)\n");
+    printf("-#\tCompression level 1-9 (1:fastest, 6:default, 9:best)\n");
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+  char *cmd = basename(argv[0]);
+  int opt_ch;
+
+  toys.optflags = 0;
+  TT.level = 6;
+
+  if (!strcmp(cmd, "gunzip")) {
+    // gunzip == gzip -d
+    toys.optflags = FLAG_d;
+  } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "zcat")) {
+    // zcat == gzip -dc
+    toys.optflags = (FLAG_c|FLAG_d);
+  }
+
+  while ((opt_ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cdfhk123456789")) != -1) {
+    switch (opt_ch) {
+    case 'c': toys.optflags |= FLAG_c; break;
+    case 'd': toys.optflags |= FLAG_d; break;
+    case 'f': toys.optflags |= FLAG_f; break;
+    case 'k': toys.optflags |= FLAG_k; break;
+
+    case '1':
+    case '2':
+    case '3':
+    case '4':
+    case '5':
+    case '6':
+    case '7':
+    case '8':
+    case '9':
+      TT.level = opt_ch - '0';
+      break;
+
+    default:
+      usage();
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (optind == argc) {
+    // With no arguments, we go from stdin to stdout.
+    toys.optflags |= FLAG_c;
+    do_file("-");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise process each file in turn.
+  while (optind < argc) do_file(argv[optind++]);
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/Android.mk b/trusty/keymaster/Android.mk
index 0ebf52d..2d614ae 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/Android.mk
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/Android.mk
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := trusty_keymaster_tipc
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
 	trusty_keymaster_device.cpp \
-	trusty_keymaster_ipc.c \
+	trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp \
 	trusty_keymaster_main.cpp
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
 	libcrypto \
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 	libkeymaster1 \
 	libtrusty \
 	libkeymaster_messages \
+	libsoftkeymasterdevice \
 	liblog
 
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := keystore.trusty
 LOCAL_MODULE_RELATIVE_PATH := hw
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := module.cpp \
-	trusty_keymaster_ipc.c \
+	trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp \
 	trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
 LOCAL_CLFAGS = -fvisibility=hidden -Wall -Werror
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h b/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h
index 48fa53d..b38eb05 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h
@@ -16,13 +16,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+// clang-format off
+
 #define KEYMASTER_PORT "com.android.trusty.keymaster"
 #define KEYMASTER_MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH 4096
 
 // Commands
-enum keymaster_command {
-	KEYMASTER_RESP_BIT              = 1,
-	KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT             = 1,
+enum keymaster_command : uint32_t {
+    KEYMASTER_RESP_BIT              = 1,
+    KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT             = 1,
 
     KM_GENERATE_KEY                 = (0 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
     KM_BEGIN_OPERATION              = (1 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
@@ -40,6 +42,9 @@
     KM_GET_SUPPORTED_IMPORT_FORMATS = (13 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
     KM_GET_SUPPORTED_EXPORT_FORMATS = (14 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
     KM_GET_KEY_CHARACTERISTICS      = (15 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
+    KM_ATTEST_KEY                   = (16 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
+    KM_UPGRADE_KEY                  = (17 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
+    KM_CONFIGURE                    = (18 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
 };
 
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
@@ -50,8 +55,8 @@
  * @payload: start of the serialized command specific payload
  */
 struct keymaster_message {
-	uint32_t cmd;
-	uint8_t payload[0];
+    uint32_t cmd;
+    uint8_t payload[0];
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/module.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/module.cpp
index 81597d9..b472680 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/module.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/module.cpp
@@ -26,14 +26,15 @@
 /*
  * Generic device handling
  */
-static int trusty_keymaster_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name,
-                                 hw_device_t** device) {
-    if (strcmp(name, KEYSTORE_KEYMASTER) != 0)
+static int trusty_keymaster_open(const hw_module_t* module, const char* name, hw_device_t** device) {
+    if (strcmp(name, KEYSTORE_KEYMASTER) != 0) {
         return -EINVAL;
+    }
 
     TrustyKeymasterDevice* dev = new TrustyKeymasterDevice(module);
-    if (dev == NULL)
+    if (dev == NULL) {
         return -ENOMEM;
+    }
     *device = dev->hw_device();
     // Do not delete dev; it will get cleaned up when the caller calls device->close(), and must
     // exist until then.
@@ -47,14 +48,14 @@
 struct keystore_module HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM __attribute__((visibility("default"))) = {
     .common =
         {
-         .tag = HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
-         .module_api_version = KEYMASTER_MODULE_API_VERSION_0_3,
-         .hal_api_version = HARDWARE_HAL_API_VERSION,
-         .id = KEYSTORE_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
-         .name = "Trusty Keymaster HAL",
-         .author = "The Android Open Source Project",
-         .methods = &keystore_module_methods,
-         .dso = 0,
-         .reserved = {},
+            .tag = HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
+            .module_api_version = KEYMASTER_MODULE_API_VERSION_2_0,
+            .hal_api_version = HARDWARE_HAL_API_VERSION,
+            .id = KEYSTORE_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
+            .name = "Trusty Keymaster HAL",
+            .author = "The Android Open Source Project",
+            .methods = &keystore_module_methods,
+            .dso = 0,
+            .reserved = {},
         },
 };
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
index 1368f88..5f16fd0 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
@@ -25,49 +25,53 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <type_traits>
 
-#include <hardware/keymaster0.h>
+#include <hardware/keymaster2.h>
 #include <keymaster/authorization_set.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
+#include "keymaster_ipc.h"
 #include "trusty_keymaster_device.h"
 #include "trusty_keymaster_ipc.h"
-#include "keymaster_ipc.h"
 
-const uint32_t SEND_BUF_SIZE = 8192;
-const uint32_t RECV_BUF_SIZE = 8192;
+const uint32_t RECV_BUF_SIZE = PAGE_SIZE;
+const uint32_t SEND_BUF_SIZE = (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct keymaster_message) - 16 /* tipc header */);
+
+const size_t kMaximumAttestationChallengeLength = 128;
+const size_t kMaximumFinishInputLength = 2048;
 
 namespace keymaster {
 
 static keymaster_error_t translate_error(int err) {
     switch (err) {
-    case 0:
-        return KM_ERROR_OK;
-    case -EPERM:
-    case -EACCES:
-        return KM_ERROR_SECURE_HW_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        case 0:
+            return KM_ERROR_OK;
+        case -EPERM:
+        case -EACCES:
+            return KM_ERROR_SECURE_HW_ACCESS_DENIED;
 
-    case -ECANCELED:
-        return KM_ERROR_OPERATION_CANCELLED;
+        case -ECANCELED:
+            return KM_ERROR_OPERATION_CANCELLED;
 
-    case -ENODEV:
-        return KM_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
+        case -ENODEV:
+            return KM_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED;
 
-    case -ENOMEM:
-        return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+        case -ENOMEM:
+            return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
 
-    case -EBUSY:
-        return KM_ERROR_SECURE_HW_BUSY;
+        case -EBUSY:
+            return KM_ERROR_SECURE_HW_BUSY;
 
-    case -EIO:
-        return KM_ERROR_SECURE_HW_COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
+        case -EIO:
+            return KM_ERROR_SECURE_HW_COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
 
-    case -EOVERFLOW:
-        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
+        case -EOVERFLOW:
+            return KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
 
-    default:
-        return KM_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
+        default:
+            return KM_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
     }
 }
 
@@ -75,31 +79,36 @@
     static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<TrustyKeymasterDevice>::value,
                   "TrustyKeymasterDevice must be standard layout");
     static_assert(offsetof(TrustyKeymasterDevice, device_) == 0,
-                  "device_ must be the first member of KeymasterOpenSsl");
+                  "device_ must be the first member of TrustyKeymasterDevice");
     static_assert(offsetof(TrustyKeymasterDevice, device_.common) == 0,
-                  "common must be the first member of keymaster_device");
+                  "common must be the first member of keymaster2_device");
 
     ALOGI("Creating device");
     ALOGD("Device address: %p", this);
 
-    memset(&device_, 0, sizeof(device_));
+    device_ = {};
 
     device_.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
     device_.common.version = 1;
     device_.common.module = const_cast<hw_module_t*>(module);
     device_.common.close = close_device;
 
-    device_.flags = KEYMASTER_BLOBS_ARE_STANDALONE | KEYMASTER_SUPPORTS_EC;
+    device_.flags = KEYMASTER_SUPPORTS_EC;
 
-    device_.generate_keypair = generate_keypair;
-    device_.import_keypair = import_keypair;
-    device_.get_keypair_public = get_keypair_public;
-    device_.delete_keypair = NULL;
-    device_.delete_all = NULL;
-    device_.sign_data = sign_data;
-    device_.verify_data = verify_data;
-
-    device_.context = NULL;
+    device_.configure = configure;
+    device_.add_rng_entropy = add_rng_entropy;
+    device_.generate_key = generate_key;
+    device_.get_key_characteristics = get_key_characteristics;
+    device_.import_key = import_key;
+    device_.export_key = export_key;
+    device_.attest_key = attest_key;
+    device_.upgrade_key = upgrade_key;
+    device_.delete_key = nullptr;
+    device_.delete_all_keys = nullptr;
+    device_.begin = begin;
+    device_.update = update;
+    device_.finish = finish;
+    device_.abort = abort;
 
     int rc = trusty_keymaster_connect();
     error_ = translate_error(rc);
@@ -110,11 +119,11 @@
 
     GetVersionRequest version_request;
     GetVersionResponse version_response;
-    error_ = Send(version_request, &version_response);
+    error_ = Send(KM_GET_VERSION, version_request, &version_response);
     if (error_ == KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT || error_ == KM_ERROR_UNIMPLEMENTED) {
-        ALOGI("\"Bad parameters\" error on GetVersion call.  Assuming version 0.");
-        message_version_ = 0;
-        error_ = KM_ERROR_OK;
+        ALOGE("\"Bad parameters\" error on GetVersion call.  Version 0 is not supported.");
+        error_ = KM_ERROR_VERSION_MISMATCH;
+        return;
     }
     message_version_ = MessageVersion(version_response.major_ver, version_response.minor_ver,
                                       version_response.subminor_ver);
@@ -130,261 +139,510 @@
     trusty_keymaster_disconnect();
 }
 
-const uint64_t HUNDRED_YEARS = 1000LL * 60 * 60 * 24 * 365 * 100;
+namespace {
 
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::generate_keypair(const keymaster_keypair_t key_type,
-                                            const void* key_params, uint8_t** key_blob,
-                                            size_t* key_blob_length) {
-    ALOGD("Device received generate_keypair");
+// Allocates a new buffer with malloc and copies the contents of |buffer| to it. Caller takes
+// ownership of the returned buffer.
+uint8_t* DuplicateBuffer(const uint8_t* buffer, size_t size) {
+    uint8_t* tmp = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(size));
+    if (tmp) {
+        memcpy(tmp, buffer, size);
+    }
+    return tmp;
+}
 
-    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK)
+template <typename RequestType>
+void AddClientAndAppData(const keymaster_blob_t* client_id, const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+                         RequestType* request) {
+    request->additional_params.Clear();
+    if (client_id) {
+        request->additional_params.push_back(TAG_APPLICATION_ID, *client_id);
+    }
+    if (app_data) {
+        request->additional_params.push_back(TAG_APPLICATION_DATA, *app_data);
+    }
+}
+
+}  //  unnamed namespace
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::configure(const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params) {
+    ALOGD("Device received configure\n");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return error_;
-
-    GenerateKeyRequest req(message_version_);
-    StoreNewKeyParams(&req.key_description);
-
-    switch (key_type) {
-    case TYPE_RSA: {
-        req.key_description.push_back(TAG_ALGORITHM, KM_ALGORITHM_RSA);
-        const keymaster_rsa_keygen_params_t* rsa_params =
-            static_cast<const keymaster_rsa_keygen_params_t*>(key_params);
-        ALOGD("Generating RSA pair, modulus size: %u, public exponent: %lu",
-              rsa_params->modulus_size, rsa_params->public_exponent);
-        req.key_description.push_back(TAG_KEY_SIZE, rsa_params->modulus_size);
-        req.key_description.push_back(TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT, rsa_params->public_exponent);
-        break;
+    }
+    if (!params) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
     }
 
-    case TYPE_EC: {
-        req.key_description.push_back(TAG_ALGORITHM, KM_ALGORITHM_EC);
-        const keymaster_ec_keygen_params_t* ec_params =
-            static_cast<const keymaster_ec_keygen_params_t*>(key_params);
-        ALOGD("Generating ECDSA pair, key size: %u", ec_params->field_size);
-        req.key_description.push_back(TAG_KEY_SIZE, ec_params->field_size);
-        break;
-    }
-    default:
-        ALOGD("Received request for unsuported key type %d", key_type);
-        return KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM;
+    AuthorizationSet params_copy(*params);
+    ConfigureRequest request;
+    if (!params_copy.GetTagValue(TAG_OS_VERSION, &request.os_version) ||
+        !params_copy.GetTagValue(TAG_OS_PATCHLEVEL, &request.os_patchlevel)) {
+        ALOGD("Configuration parameters must contain OS version and patch level");
+        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
     }
 
-    GenerateKeyResponse rsp(message_version_);
-    ALOGD("Sending generate request");
-    keymaster_error_t err = Send(req, &rsp);
+    ConfigureResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_CONFIGURE, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        ALOGE("Got error %d from send", err);
         return err;
     }
 
-    *key_blob_length = rsp.key_blob.key_material_size;
-    *key_blob = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(*key_blob_length));
-    memcpy(*key_blob, rsp.key_blob.key_material, *key_blob_length);
-    ALOGD("Returning %d bytes in key blob\n", (int)*key_blob_length);
-
     return KM_ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-struct EVP_PKEY_Delete {
-    void operator()(EVP_PKEY* p) const { EVP_PKEY_free(p); }
-};
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::add_rng_entropy(const uint8_t* data, size_t data_length) {
+    ALOGD("Device received add_rng_entropy");
 
-struct PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_Delete {
-    void operator()(PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO* p) const { PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_free(p); }
-};
-
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::import_keypair(const uint8_t* key, const size_t key_length,
-                                          uint8_t** key_blob, size_t* key_blob_length) {
-    ALOGD("Device received import_keypair");
-    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK)
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return error_;
+    }
 
-    if (!key)
+    AddEntropyRequest request;
+    request.random_data.Reinitialize(data, data_length);
+    AddEntropyResponse response;
+    return Send(KM_ADD_RNG_ENTROPY, request, &response);
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::generate_key(
+    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params, keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+    keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics) {
+    ALOGD("Device received generate_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (!params) {
         return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
-
-    if (!key_blob || !key_blob_length)
+    }
+    if (!key_blob) {
         return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
+
+    GenerateKeyRequest request(message_version_);
+    request.key_description.Reinitialize(*params);
+    request.key_description.push_back(TAG_CREATION_DATETIME, java_time(time(NULL)));
+
+    GenerateKeyResponse response(message_version_);
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_GENERATE_KEY, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    key_blob->key_material_size = response.key_blob.key_material_size;
+    key_blob->key_material =
+        DuplicateBuffer(response.key_blob.key_material, response.key_blob.key_material_size);
+    if (!key_blob->key_material) {
+        return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    if (characteristics) {
+        response.enforced.CopyToParamSet(&characteristics->hw_enforced);
+        response.unenforced.CopyToParamSet(&characteristics->sw_enforced);
+    }
+
+    return KM_ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::get_key_characteristics(
+    const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob, const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+    const keymaster_blob_t* app_data, keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics) {
+    ALOGD("Device received get_key_characteristics");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (!key_blob || !key_blob->key_material) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+    }
+    if (!characteristics) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
+
+    GetKeyCharacteristicsRequest request;
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_blob);
+    AddClientAndAppData(client_id, app_data, &request);
+
+    GetKeyCharacteristicsResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_GET_KEY_CHARACTERISTICS, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    response.enforced.CopyToParamSet(&characteristics->hw_enforced);
+    response.unenforced.CopyToParamSet(&characteristics->sw_enforced);
+
+    return KM_ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::import_key(
+    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params, keymaster_key_format_t key_format,
+    const keymaster_blob_t* key_data, keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+    keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics) {
+    ALOGD("Device received import_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (!params || !key_data) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+    }
+    if (!key_blob) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
 
     ImportKeyRequest request(message_version_);
-    StoreNewKeyParams(&request.key_description);
-    keymaster_algorithm_t algorithm;
-    keymaster_error_t err = GetPkcs8KeyAlgorithm(key, key_length, &algorithm);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
-        return err;
-    request.key_description.push_back(TAG_ALGORITHM, algorithm);
+    request.key_description.Reinitialize(*params);
+    request.key_description.push_back(TAG_CREATION_DATETIME, java_time(time(NULL)));
 
-    request.SetKeyMaterial(key, key_length);
-    request.key_format = KM_KEY_FORMAT_PKCS8;
+    request.key_format = key_format;
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(key_data->data, key_data->data_length);
+
     ImportKeyResponse response(message_version_);
-    err = Send(request, &response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_IMPORT_KEY, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
+    }
 
-    *key_blob_length = response.key_blob.key_material_size;
-    *key_blob = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(*key_blob_length));
-    memcpy(*key_blob, response.key_blob.key_material, *key_blob_length);
-    printf("Returning %d bytes in key blob\n", (int)*key_blob_length);
+    key_blob->key_material_size = response.key_blob.key_material_size;
+    key_blob->key_material =
+        DuplicateBuffer(response.key_blob.key_material, response.key_blob.key_material_size);
+    if (!key_blob->key_material) {
+        return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    if (characteristics) {
+        response.enforced.CopyToParamSet(&characteristics->hw_enforced);
+        response.unenforced.CopyToParamSet(&characteristics->sw_enforced);
+    }
 
     return KM_ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::GetPkcs8KeyAlgorithm(const uint8_t* key, size_t key_length,
-                                                              keymaster_algorithm_t* algorithm) {
-    if (key == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("No key specified for import");
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::export_key(keymaster_key_format_t export_format,
+                                                    const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_export,
+                                                    const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+                                                    const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+                                                    keymaster_blob_t* export_data) {
+    ALOGD("Device received export_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (!key_to_export || !key_to_export->key_material) {
         return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
     }
-
-    UniquePtr<PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO, PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO_Delete> pkcs8(
-        d2i_PKCS8_PRIV_KEY_INFO(NULL, &key, key_length));
-    if (pkcs8.get() == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Could not parse PKCS8 key blob");
-        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB;
+    if (!export_data) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
     }
 
-    UniquePtr<EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_Delete> pkey(EVP_PKCS82PKEY(pkcs8.get()));
-    if (pkey.get() == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Could not extract key from PKCS8 key blob");
-        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB;
-    }
-
-    switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type)) {
-    case EVP_PKEY_RSA:
-        *algorithm = KM_ALGORITHM_RSA;
-        break;
-    case EVP_PKEY_EC:
-        *algorithm = KM_ALGORITHM_EC;
-        break;
-    default:
-        ALOGE("Unsupported algorithm %d", EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type));
-        return KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM;
-    }
-
-    return KM_ERROR_OK;
-}
-
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::get_keypair_public(const uint8_t* key_blob, const size_t key_blob_length,
-                                              uint8_t** x509_data, size_t* x509_data_length) {
-    ALOGD("Device received get_keypair_public");
-    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK)
-        return error_;
+    export_data->data = nullptr;
+    export_data->data_length = 0;
 
     ExportKeyRequest request(message_version_);
-    request.SetKeyMaterial(key_blob, key_blob_length);
-    request.key_format = KM_KEY_FORMAT_X509;
+    request.key_format = export_format;
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_to_export);
+    AddClientAndAppData(client_id, app_data, &request);
+
     ExportKeyResponse response(message_version_);
-    keymaster_error_t err = Send(request, &response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_EXPORT_KEY, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
+    }
 
-    *x509_data_length = response.key_data_length;
-    *x509_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(*x509_data_length));
-    memcpy(*x509_data, response.key_data, *x509_data_length);
-    printf("Returning %d bytes in x509 key\n", (int)*x509_data_length);
+    export_data->data_length = response.key_data_length;
+    export_data->data = DuplicateBuffer(response.key_data, response.key_data_length);
+    if (!export_data->data) {
+        return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+    }
 
     return KM_ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::sign_data(const void* signing_params, const uint8_t* key_blob,
-                                     const size_t key_blob_length, const uint8_t* data,
-                                     const size_t data_length, uint8_t** signed_data,
-                                     size_t* signed_data_length) {
-    ALOGD("Device received sign_data, %d", error_);
-    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK)
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::attest_key(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_attest,
+                                                    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* attest_params,
+                                                    keymaster_cert_chain_t* cert_chain) {
+    ALOGD("Device received attest_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return error_;
+    }
+    if (!key_to_attest || !attest_params) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+    }
+    if (!cert_chain) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
 
-    BeginOperationRequest begin_request(message_version_);
-    begin_request.purpose = KM_PURPOSE_SIGN;
-    begin_request.SetKeyMaterial(key_blob, key_blob_length);
-    keymaster_error_t err = StoreSigningParams(signing_params, key_blob, key_blob_length,
-                                               &begin_request.additional_params);
+    cert_chain->entry_count = 0;
+    cert_chain->entries = nullptr;
+
+    AttestKeyRequest request;
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_to_attest);
+    request.attest_params.Reinitialize(*attest_params);
+
+    keymaster_blob_t attestation_challenge = {};
+    request.attest_params.GetTagValue(TAG_ATTESTATION_CHALLENGE, &attestation_challenge);
+    if (attestation_challenge.data_length > kMaximumAttestationChallengeLength) {
+        ALOGE("%zu-byte attestation challenge; only %zu bytes allowed",
+              attestation_challenge.data_length, kMaximumAttestationChallengeLength);
+        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
+    }
+
+    AttestKeyResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_ATTEST_KEY, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        ALOGE("Error extracting signing params: %d", err);
         return err;
     }
 
-    BeginOperationResponse begin_response(message_version_);
-    ALOGD("Sending signing request begin");
-    err = Send(begin_request, &begin_response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        ALOGE("Error sending sign begin: %d", err);
-        return err;
+    // Allocate and clear storage for cert_chain.
+    keymaster_cert_chain_t& rsp_chain = response.certificate_chain;
+    cert_chain->entries = reinterpret_cast<keymaster_blob_t*>(
+        malloc(rsp_chain.entry_count * sizeof(*cert_chain->entries)));
+    if (!cert_chain->entries) {
+        return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+    }
+    cert_chain->entry_count = rsp_chain.entry_count;
+    for (keymaster_blob_t& entry : array_range(cert_chain->entries, cert_chain->entry_count)) {
+        entry = {};
     }
 
-    UpdateOperationRequest update_request(message_version_);
-    update_request.op_handle = begin_response.op_handle;
-    update_request.input.Reinitialize(data, data_length);
-    UpdateOperationResponse update_response(message_version_);
-    ALOGD("Sending signing request update");
-    err = Send(update_request, &update_response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        ALOGE("Error sending sign update: %d", err);
-        return err;
+    // Copy cert_chain contents
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (keymaster_blob_t& entry : array_range(rsp_chain.entries, rsp_chain.entry_count)) {
+        cert_chain->entries[i].data = DuplicateBuffer(entry.data, entry.data_length);
+        if (!cert_chain->entries[i].data) {
+            keymaster_free_cert_chain(cert_chain);
+            return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+        }
+        cert_chain->entries[i].data_length = entry.data_length;
+        ++i;
     }
 
-    FinishOperationRequest finish_request(message_version_);
-    finish_request.op_handle = begin_response.op_handle;
-    FinishOperationResponse finish_response(message_version_);
-    ALOGD("Sending signing request finish");
-    err = Send(finish_request, &finish_response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        ALOGE("Error sending sign finish: %d", err);
-        return err;
-    }
-
-    *signed_data_length = finish_response.output.available_read();
-    *signed_data = static_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(*signed_data_length));
-    if (!finish_response.output.read(*signed_data, *signed_data_length)) {
-        ALOGE("Error reading response data: %d", err);
-        return KM_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-    }
     return KM_ERROR_OK;
 }
 
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::verify_data(const void* signing_params, const uint8_t* key_blob,
-                                       const size_t key_blob_length, const uint8_t* signed_data,
-                                       const size_t signed_data_length, const uint8_t* signature,
-                                       const size_t signature_length) {
-    ALOGD("Device received verify_data");
-    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK)
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::upgrade_key(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_upgrade,
+                                                     const keymaster_key_param_set_t* upgrade_params,
+                                                     keymaster_key_blob_t* upgraded_key) {
+    ALOGD("Device received upgrade_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return error_;
+    }
+    if (!key_to_upgrade || !upgrade_params) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+    }
+    if (!upgraded_key) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
 
-    BeginOperationRequest begin_request(message_version_);
-    begin_request.purpose = KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY;
-    begin_request.SetKeyMaterial(key_blob, key_blob_length);
-    keymaster_error_t err = StoreSigningParams(signing_params, key_blob, key_blob_length,
-                                               &begin_request.additional_params);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
-        return err;
+    UpgradeKeyRequest request;
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_to_upgrade);
+    request.upgrade_params.Reinitialize(*upgrade_params);
 
-    BeginOperationResponse begin_response(message_version_);
-    err = Send(begin_request, &begin_response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
+    UpgradeKeyResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_UPGRADE_KEY, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
+    }
 
-    UpdateOperationRequest update_request(message_version_);
-    update_request.op_handle = begin_response.op_handle;
-    update_request.input.Reinitialize(signed_data, signed_data_length);
-    UpdateOperationResponse update_response(message_version_);
-    err = Send(update_request, &update_response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
-        return err;
+    upgraded_key->key_material_size = response.upgraded_key.key_material_size;
+    upgraded_key->key_material = DuplicateBuffer(response.upgraded_key.key_material,
+                                                 response.upgraded_key.key_material_size);
+    if (!upgraded_key->key_material) {
+        return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+    }
 
-    FinishOperationRequest finish_request(message_version_);
-    finish_request.op_handle = begin_response.op_handle;
-    finish_request.signature.Reinitialize(signature, signature_length);
-    FinishOperationResponse finish_response(message_version_);
-    err = Send(finish_request, &finish_response);
-    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK)
-        return err;
     return KM_ERROR_OK;
 }
 
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::begin(keymaster_purpose_t purpose,
+                                               const keymaster_key_blob_t* key,
+                                               const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                               keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                                               keymaster_operation_handle_t* operation_handle) {
+    ALOGD("Device received begin");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (!key || !key->key_material) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+    }
+    if (!operation_handle) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (out_params) {
+        *out_params = {};
+    }
+
+    BeginOperationRequest request;
+    request.purpose = purpose;
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(*key);
+    request.additional_params.Reinitialize(*in_params);
+
+    BeginOperationResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_BEGIN_OPERATION, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (response.output_params.size() > 0) {
+        if (out_params) {
+            response.output_params.CopyToParamSet(out_params);
+        } else {
+            return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    *operation_handle = response.op_handle;
+
+    return KM_ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::update(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                                                const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                                const keymaster_blob_t* input,
+                                                size_t* input_consumed,
+                                                keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                                                keymaster_blob_t* output) {
+    ALOGD("Device received update");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (!input) {
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+    }
+    if (!input_consumed) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (out_params) {
+        *out_params = {};
+    }
+    if (output) {
+        *output = {};
+    }
+
+    UpdateOperationRequest request;
+    request.op_handle = operation_handle;
+    if (in_params) {
+        request.additional_params.Reinitialize(*in_params);
+    }
+    if (input && input->data_length > 0) {
+        size_t max_input_size = SEND_BUF_SIZE - request.SerializedSize();
+        request.input.Reinitialize(input->data, std::min(input->data_length, max_input_size));
+    }
+
+    UpdateOperationResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_UPDATE_OPERATION, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (response.output_params.size() > 0) {
+        if (out_params) {
+            response.output_params.CopyToParamSet(out_params);
+        } else {
+            return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    *input_consumed = response.input_consumed;
+    if (output) {
+        output->data_length = response.output.available_read();
+        output->data = DuplicateBuffer(response.output.peek_read(), output->data_length);
+        if (!output->data) {
+            return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+        }
+    } else if (response.output.available_read() > 0) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
+
+    return KM_ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::finish(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                                                const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                                const keymaster_blob_t* input,
+                                                const keymaster_blob_t* signature,
+                                                keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                                                keymaster_blob_t* output) {
+    ALOGD("Device received finish");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+    if (input && input->data_length > kMaximumFinishInputLength) {
+        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+    }
+
+    if (out_params) {
+        *out_params = {};
+    }
+    if (output) {
+        *output = {};
+    }
+
+    FinishOperationRequest request;
+    request.op_handle = operation_handle;
+    if (signature && signature->data && signature->data_length > 0) {
+        request.signature.Reinitialize(signature->data, signature->data_length);
+    }
+    if (input && input->data && input->data_length) {
+        request.input.Reinitialize(input->data, input->data_length);
+    }
+    if (in_params) {
+        request.additional_params.Reinitialize(*in_params);
+    }
+
+    FinishOperationResponse response;
+    keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_FINISH_OPERATION, request, &response);
+    if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (response.output_params.size() > 0) {
+        if (out_params) {
+            response.output_params.CopyToParamSet(out_params);
+        } else {
+            return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    if (output) {
+        output->data_length = response.output.available_read();
+        output->data = DuplicateBuffer(response.output.peek_read(), output->data_length);
+        if (!output->data) {
+            return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+        }
+    } else if (response.output.available_read() > 0) {
+        return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
+    }
+
+    return KM_ERROR_OK;
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::abort(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle) {
+    ALOGD("Device received abort");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+
+    AbortOperationRequest request;
+    request.op_handle = operation_handle;
+    AbortOperationResponse response;
+    return Send(KM_ABORT_OPERATION, request, &response);
+}
+
 hw_device_t* TrustyKeymasterDevice::hw_device() {
     return &device_.common;
 }
 
-static inline TrustyKeymasterDevice* convert_device(const keymaster0_device_t* dev) {
-    return reinterpret_cast<TrustyKeymasterDevice*>(const_cast<keymaster0_device_t*>(dev));
+static inline TrustyKeymasterDevice* convert_device(const keymaster2_device_t* dev) {
+    return reinterpret_cast<TrustyKeymasterDevice*>(const_cast<keymaster2_device_t*>(dev));
 }
 
 /* static */
@@ -394,52 +652,111 @@
 }
 
 /* static */
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::generate_keypair(const keymaster0_device_t* dev,
-                                            const keymaster_keypair_t key_type,
-                                            const void* key_params, uint8_t** keyBlob,
-                                            size_t* keyBlobLength) {
-    ALOGD("Generate keypair, sending to device: %p", convert_device(dev));
-    return convert_device(dev)->generate_keypair(key_type, key_params, keyBlob, keyBlobLength);
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::configure(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                   const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->configure(params);
 }
 
 /* static */
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::import_keypair(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const uint8_t* key,
-                                          const size_t key_length, uint8_t** key_blob,
-                                          size_t* key_blob_length) {
-    return convert_device(dev)->import_keypair(key, key_length, key_blob, key_blob_length);
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::add_rng_entropy(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                         const uint8_t* data, size_t data_length) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->add_rng_entropy(data, data_length);
 }
 
 /* static */
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::get_keypair_public(const keymaster0_device_t* dev,
-                                              const uint8_t* key_blob, const size_t key_blob_length,
-                                              uint8_t** x509_data, size_t* x509_data_length) {
-    return convert_device(dev)
-        ->get_keypair_public(key_blob, key_blob_length, x509_data, x509_data_length);
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::generate_key(
+    const keymaster2_device_t* dev, const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params,
+    keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob, keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->generate_key(params, key_blob, characteristics);
 }
 
 /* static */
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::sign_data(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const void* params,
-                                     const uint8_t* keyBlob, const size_t keyBlobLength,
-                                     const uint8_t* data, const size_t dataLength,
-                                     uint8_t** signedData, size_t* signedDataLength) {
-    return convert_device(dev)
-        ->sign_data(params, keyBlob, keyBlobLength, data, dataLength, signedData, signedDataLength);
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::get_key_characteristics(
+    const keymaster2_device_t* dev, const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+    const keymaster_blob_t* client_id, const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+    keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->get_key_characteristics(key_blob, client_id, app_data,
+                                                        characteristics);
 }
 
 /* static */
-int TrustyKeymasterDevice::verify_data(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const void* params,
-                                       const uint8_t* keyBlob, const size_t keyBlobLength,
-                                       const uint8_t* signedData, const size_t signedDataLength,
-                                       const uint8_t* signature, const size_t signatureLength) {
-    return convert_device(dev)->verify_data(params, keyBlob, keyBlobLength, signedData,
-                                            signedDataLength, signature, signatureLength);
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::import_key(
+    const keymaster2_device_t* dev, const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params,
+    keymaster_key_format_t key_format, const keymaster_blob_t* key_data,
+    keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob, keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->import_key(params, key_format, key_data, key_blob, characteristics);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::export_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                    keymaster_key_format_t export_format,
+                                                    const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_export,
+                                                    const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+                                                    const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+                                                    keymaster_blob_t* export_data) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->export_key(export_format, key_to_export, client_id, app_data,
+                                           export_data);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::attest_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                    const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_attest,
+                                                    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* attest_params,
+                                                    keymaster_cert_chain_t* cert_chain) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->attest_key(key_to_attest, attest_params, cert_chain);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::upgrade_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                     const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_upgrade,
+                                                     const keymaster_key_param_set_t* upgrade_params,
+                                                     keymaster_key_blob_t* upgraded_key) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->upgrade_key(key_to_upgrade, upgrade_params, upgraded_key);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::begin(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                               keymaster_purpose_t purpose,
+                                               const keymaster_key_blob_t* key,
+                                               const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                               keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                                               keymaster_operation_handle_t* operation_handle) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->begin(purpose, key, in_params, out_params, operation_handle);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::update(
+    const keymaster2_device_t* dev, keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params, const keymaster_blob_t* input,
+    size_t* input_consumed, keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params, keymaster_blob_t* output) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->update(operation_handle, in_params, input, input_consumed,
+                                       out_params, output);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::finish(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                                                const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                                const keymaster_blob_t* input,
+                                                const keymaster_blob_t* signature,
+                                                keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                                                keymaster_blob_t* output) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->finish(operation_handle, in_params, input, signature, out_params,
+                                       output);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::abort(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                               keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle) {
+    return convert_device(dev)->abort(operation_handle);
 }
 
 keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::Send(uint32_t command, const Serializable& req,
                                               KeymasterResponse* rsp) {
     uint32_t req_size = req.SerializedSize();
-    if (req_size > SEND_BUF_SIZE)
+    if (req_size > SEND_BUF_SIZE) {
         return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
+    }
     uint8_t send_buf[SEND_BUF_SIZE];
     Eraser send_buf_eraser(send_buf, SEND_BUF_SIZE);
     req.Serialize(send_buf, send_buf + req_size);
@@ -448,7 +765,7 @@
     uint8_t recv_buf[RECV_BUF_SIZE];
     Eraser recv_buf_eraser(recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE);
     uint32_t rsp_size = RECV_BUF_SIZE;
-    printf("Sending %d byte request\n", (int)req.SerializedSize());
+    ALOGV("Sending %d byte request\n", (int)req.SerializedSize());
     int rc = trusty_keymaster_call(command, send_buf, req_size, recv_buf, &rsp_size);
     if (rc < 0) {
         ALOGE("tipc error: %d\n", rc);
@@ -458,8 +775,8 @@
         ALOGV("Received %d byte response\n", rsp_size);
     }
 
-    const keymaster_message* msg = (keymaster_message *) recv_buf;
-    const uint8_t *p = msg->payload;
+    const keymaster_message* msg = (keymaster_message*)recv_buf;
+    const uint8_t* p = msg->payload;
     if (!rsp->Deserialize(&p, p + rsp_size)) {
         ALOGE("Error deserializing response of size %d\n", (int)rsp_size);
         return KM_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
@@ -470,65 +787,4 @@
     return rsp->error;
 }
 
-keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::StoreSigningParams(const void* signing_params,
-                                                            const uint8_t* key_blob,
-                                                            size_t key_blob_length,
-                                                            AuthorizationSet* auth_set) {
-    uint8_t* pub_key_data;
-    size_t pub_key_data_length;
-    int err = get_keypair_public(&device_, key_blob, key_blob_length, &pub_key_data,
-                                 &pub_key_data_length);
-    if (err < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Error %d extracting public key to determine algorithm", err);
-        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_KEY_BLOB;
-    }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t, Malloc_Delete> pub_key(pub_key_data);
-
-    const uint8_t* p = pub_key_data;
-    UniquePtr<EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_Delete> pkey(
-        d2i_PUBKEY(nullptr /* allocate new struct */, &p, pub_key_data_length));
-
-    switch (EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type)) {
-    case EVP_PKEY_RSA: {
-        const keymaster_rsa_sign_params_t* rsa_params =
-            reinterpret_cast<const keymaster_rsa_sign_params_t*>(signing_params);
-        if (rsa_params->digest_type != DIGEST_NONE)
-            return KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DIGEST;
-        if (rsa_params->padding_type != PADDING_NONE)
-            return KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_PADDING_MODE;
-        if (!auth_set->push_back(TAG_DIGEST, KM_DIGEST_NONE) ||
-            !auth_set->push_back(TAG_PADDING, KM_PAD_NONE))
-            return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
-    } break;
-    case EVP_PKEY_EC: {
-        const keymaster_ec_sign_params_t* ecdsa_params =
-            reinterpret_cast<const keymaster_ec_sign_params_t*>(signing_params);
-        if (ecdsa_params->digest_type != DIGEST_NONE)
-            return KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_DIGEST;
-        if (!auth_set->push_back(TAG_DIGEST, KM_DIGEST_NONE))
-            return KM_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_FAILED;
-    } break;
-    default:
-        return KM_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ALGORITHM;
-    }
-    return KM_ERROR_OK;
-}
-
-void TrustyKeymasterDevice::StoreNewKeyParams(AuthorizationSet* auth_set) {
-    auth_set->push_back(TAG_PURPOSE, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN);
-    auth_set->push_back(TAG_PURPOSE, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY);
-    auth_set->push_back(TAG_ALL_USERS);
-    auth_set->push_back(TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED);
-    uint64_t now = java_time(time(NULL));
-    auth_set->push_back(TAG_CREATION_DATETIME, now);
-    auth_set->push_back(TAG_ORIGINATION_EXPIRE_DATETIME, now + HUNDRED_YEARS);
-    if (message_version_ == 0) {
-        auth_set->push_back(TAG_DIGEST_OLD, KM_DIGEST_NONE);
-        auth_set->push_back(TAG_PADDING_OLD, KM_PAD_NONE);
-    } else {
-        auth_set->push_back(TAG_DIGEST, KM_DIGEST_NONE);
-        auth_set->push_back(TAG_PADDING, KM_PAD_NONE);
-    }
-}
-
 }  // namespace keymaster
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.h b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.h
index 68cf40c..cfada1b 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.h
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.h
@@ -14,19 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef EXTERNAL_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_DEVICE_H_
-#define EXTERNAL_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_DEVICE_H_
+#ifndef TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_DEVICE_H_
+#define TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_DEVICE_H_
 
-#include <hardware/keymaster0.h>
-
+#include <hardware/keymaster2.h>
 #include <keymaster/android_keymaster_messages.h>
 
-#include "keymaster_ipc.h"
-
 namespace keymaster {
 
 /**
- * Software OpenSSL-based Keymaster device.
+ * Trusty Keymaster device.
  *
  * IMPORTANT MAINTAINER NOTE: Pointers to instances of this class must be castable to hw_device_t
  * and keymaster_device. This means it must remain a standard layout class (no virtual functions and
@@ -46,79 +43,111 @@
 
     keymaster_error_t session_error() { return error_; }
 
-    int generate_keypair(const keymaster_keypair_t key_type, const void* key_params,
-                         uint8_t** key_blob, size_t* key_blob_length);
-    int import_keypair(const uint8_t* key, const size_t key_length, uint8_t** key_blob,
-                       size_t* key_blob_length);
-    int get_keypair_public(const uint8_t* key_blob, const size_t key_blob_length,
-                           uint8_t** x509_data, size_t* x509_data_length);
-    int sign_data(const void* signing_params, const uint8_t* key_blob, const size_t key_blob_length,
-                  const uint8_t* data, const size_t data_length, uint8_t** signed_data,
-                  size_t* signed_data_length);
-    int verify_data(const void* signing_params, const uint8_t* key_blob,
-                    const size_t key_blob_length, const uint8_t* signed_data,
-                    const size_t signed_data_length, const uint8_t* signature,
-                    const size_t signature_length);
+    keymaster_error_t configure(const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params);
+    keymaster_error_t add_rng_entropy(const uint8_t* data, size_t data_length);
+    keymaster_error_t generate_key(const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params,
+                                   keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+                                   keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics);
+    keymaster_error_t get_key_characteristics(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+                                              const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+                                              const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+                                              keymaster_key_characteristics_t* character);
+    keymaster_error_t import_key(const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params,
+                                 keymaster_key_format_t key_format,
+                                 const keymaster_blob_t* key_data, keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+                                 keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics);
+    keymaster_error_t export_key(keymaster_key_format_t export_format,
+                                 const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_export,
+                                 const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+                                 const keymaster_blob_t* app_data, keymaster_blob_t* export_data);
+    keymaster_error_t attest_key(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_attest,
+                                 const keymaster_key_param_set_t* attest_params,
+                                 keymaster_cert_chain_t* cert_chain);
+    keymaster_error_t upgrade_key(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_upgrade,
+                                  const keymaster_key_param_set_t* upgrade_params,
+                                  keymaster_key_blob_t* upgraded_key);
+    keymaster_error_t begin(keymaster_purpose_t purpose, const keymaster_key_blob_t* key,
+                            const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                            keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                            keymaster_operation_handle_t* operation_handle);
+    keymaster_error_t update(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                             const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                             const keymaster_blob_t* input, size_t* input_consumed,
+                             keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params, keymaster_blob_t* output);
+    keymaster_error_t finish(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                             const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                             const keymaster_blob_t* input, const keymaster_blob_t* signature,
+                             keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params, keymaster_blob_t* output);
+    keymaster_error_t abort(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle);
 
   private:
     keymaster_error_t Send(uint32_t command, const Serializable& request,
                            KeymasterResponse* response);
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const GenerateKeyRequest& request, GenerateKeyResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_GENERATE_KEY, request, response);
-    }
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const BeginOperationRequest& request, BeginOperationResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_BEGIN_OPERATION, request, response);
-    }
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const UpdateOperationRequest& request,
-                           UpdateOperationResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_UPDATE_OPERATION, request, response);
-    }
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const FinishOperationRequest& request,
-                           FinishOperationResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_FINISH_OPERATION, request, response);
-    }
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const ImportKeyRequest& request, ImportKeyResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_IMPORT_KEY, request, response);
-    }
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const ExportKeyRequest& request, ExportKeyResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_EXPORT_KEY, request, response);
-    }
-    keymaster_error_t Send(const GetVersionRequest& request, GetVersionResponse* response) {
-        return Send(KM_GET_VERSION, request, response);
-    }
-
-    keymaster_error_t StoreSigningParams(const void* signing_params, const uint8_t* key_blob,
-                                         size_t key_blob_length, AuthorizationSet* auth_set);
-    void StoreNewKeyParams(AuthorizationSet* auth_set);
-    keymaster_error_t GetPkcs8KeyAlgorithm(const uint8_t* key, size_t key_length,
-                                           keymaster_algorithm_t* algorithm);
 
     /*
      * These static methods are the functions referenced through the function pointers in
      * keymaster_device.  They're all trivial wrappers.
      */
     static int close_device(hw_device_t* dev);
-    static int generate_keypair(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const keymaster_keypair_t key_type,
-                                const void* key_params, uint8_t** keyBlob, size_t* keyBlobLength);
-    static int import_keypair(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const uint8_t* key,
-                              const size_t key_length, uint8_t** key_blob, size_t* key_blob_length);
-    static int get_keypair_public(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const uint8_t* key_blob,
-                                  const size_t key_blob_length, uint8_t** x509_data,
-                                  size_t* x509_data_length);
-    static int sign_data(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const void* signing_params,
-                         const uint8_t* key_blob, const size_t key_blob_length, const uint8_t* data,
-                         const size_t data_length, uint8_t** signed_data,
-                         size_t* signed_data_length);
-    static int verify_data(const keymaster0_device_t* dev, const void* signing_params,
-                           const uint8_t* key_blob, const size_t key_blob_length,
-                           const uint8_t* signed_data, const size_t signed_data_length,
-                           const uint8_t* signature, const size_t signature_length);
+    static keymaster_error_t configure(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                       const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params);
+    static keymaster_error_t add_rng_entropy(const keymaster2_device_t* dev, const uint8_t* data,
+                                             size_t data_length);
+    static keymaster_error_t generate_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                          const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params,
+                                          keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+                                          keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics);
+    static keymaster_error_t get_key_characteristics(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                                     const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+                                                     const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+                                                     const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+                                                     keymaster_key_characteristics_t* character);
+    static keymaster_error_t import_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                        const keymaster_key_param_set_t* params,
+                                        keymaster_key_format_t key_format,
+                                        const keymaster_blob_t* key_data,
+                                        keymaster_key_blob_t* key_blob,
+                                        keymaster_key_characteristics_t* characteristics);
+    static keymaster_error_t export_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                        keymaster_key_format_t export_format,
+                                        const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_export,
+                                        const keymaster_blob_t* client_id,
+                                        const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
+                                        keymaster_blob_t* export_data);
+    static keymaster_error_t attest_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                        const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_attest,
+                                        const keymaster_key_param_set_t* attest_params,
+                                        keymaster_cert_chain_t* cert_chain);
+    static keymaster_error_t upgrade_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                         const keymaster_key_blob_t* key_to_upgrade,
+                                         const keymaster_key_param_set_t* upgrade_params,
+                                         keymaster_key_blob_t* upgraded_key);
+    static keymaster_error_t delete_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                        const keymaster_key_blob_t* key);
+    static keymaster_error_t delete_all_keys(const keymaster2_device_t* dev);
+    static keymaster_error_t begin(const keymaster2_device_t* dev, keymaster_purpose_t purpose,
+                                   const keymaster_key_blob_t* key,
+                                   const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                   keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params,
+                                   keymaster_operation_handle_t* operation_handle);
+    static keymaster_error_t update(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                    keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                                    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                    const keymaster_blob_t* input, size_t* input_consumed,
+                                    keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params, keymaster_blob_t* output);
+    static keymaster_error_t finish(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                    keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle,
+                                    const keymaster_key_param_set_t* in_params,
+                                    const keymaster_blob_t* input, const keymaster_blob_t* signature,
+                                    keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params, keymaster_blob_t* output);
+    static keymaster_error_t abort(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                   keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle);
 
-    keymaster0_device_t device_;
+    keymaster2_device_t device_;
     keymaster_error_t error_;
     int32_t message_version_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace keymaster
 
-#endif  // EXTERNAL_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_DEVICE_H_
+#endif  // TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_DEVICE_H_
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.c b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp
similarity index 75%
rename from trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.c
rename to trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp
index 88546af..cdc2778 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.c
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <trusty/tipc.h>
 
-#include "trusty_keymaster_ipc.h"
 #include "keymaster_ipc.h"
+#include "trusty_keymaster_ipc.h"
 
 #define TRUSTY_DEVICE_NAME "/dev/trusty-ipc-dev0"
 
@@ -43,15 +43,15 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int trusty_keymaster_call(uint32_t cmd, void *in, uint32_t in_size, uint8_t *out,
-                          uint32_t *out_size)  {
+int trusty_keymaster_call(uint32_t cmd, void* in, uint32_t in_size, uint8_t* out,
+                          uint32_t* out_size) {
     if (handle_ == 0) {
         ALOGE("not connected\n");
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
     size_t msg_size = in_size + sizeof(struct keymaster_message);
-    struct keymaster_message *msg = malloc(msg_size);
+    struct keymaster_message* msg = reinterpret_cast<struct keymaster_message*>(malloc(msg_size));
     msg->cmd = cmd;
     memcpy(msg->payload, in, in_size);
 
@@ -59,31 +59,30 @@
     free(msg);
 
     if (rc < 0) {
-        ALOGE("failed to send cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n", cmd,
-                KEYMASTER_PORT, strerror(errno));
+        ALOGE("failed to send cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n", cmd, KEYMASTER_PORT, strerror(errno));
         return -errno;
     }
 
     rc = read(handle_, out, *out_size);
     if (rc < 0) {
-        ALOGE("failed to retrieve response for cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n",
-                cmd, KEYMASTER_PORT, strerror(errno));
+        ALOGE("failed to retrieve response for cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n", cmd, KEYMASTER_PORT,
+              strerror(errno));
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    if ((size_t) rc < sizeof(struct keymaster_message)) {
-        ALOGE("invalid response size (%d)\n", (int) rc);
+    if ((size_t)rc < sizeof(struct keymaster_message)) {
+        ALOGE("invalid response size (%d)\n", (int)rc);
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
-    msg = (struct keymaster_message *) out;
+    msg = (struct keymaster_message*)out;
 
     if ((cmd | KEYMASTER_RESP_BIT) != msg->cmd) {
         ALOGE("invalid command (%d)", msg->cmd);
         return -EINVAL;
     }
 
-    *out_size = ((size_t) rc) - sizeof(struct keymaster_message);
+    *out_size = ((size_t)rc) - sizeof(struct keymaster_message);
     return rc;
 }
 
@@ -92,4 +91,3 @@
         tipc_close(handle_);
     }
 }
-
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.h b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.h
index 9785247..c15f7c1 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.h
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.h
@@ -14,11 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#ifndef TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_IPC_H_
+#define TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_IPC_H_
+
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 
 int trusty_keymaster_connect(void);
-int trusty_keymaster_call(uint32_t cmd, void *in, uint32_t in_size, uint8_t *out,
-         uint32_t *out_size);
+int trusty_keymaster_call(uint32_t cmd, void* in, uint32_t in_size, uint8_t* out,
+                          uint32_t* out_size);
 void trusty_keymaster_disconnect(void);
 
 __END_DECLS
+
+#endif  // TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_IPC_H_
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_main.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_main.cpp
index 7ed880e..9c2ae2d 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_main.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_main.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <keymaster/keymaster_configuration.h>
+
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <openssl/x509.h>
@@ -102,6 +105,28 @@
     0xd1, 0x1f, 0xd4, 0x49, 0x49, 0xe0, 0xb2, 0x18, 0x3b, 0xfe};
 unsigned int ec_privkey_pk8_der_len = 138;
 
+keymaster_key_param_t ec_params[] = {
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_ALGORITHM, KM_ALGORITHM_EC),
+    keymaster_param_long(KM_TAG_EC_CURVE, KM_EC_CURVE_P_521),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_PURPOSE, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_PURPOSE, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_DIGEST, KM_DIGEST_NONE),
+    keymaster_param_bool(KM_TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED),
+};
+keymaster_key_param_set_t ec_param_set = {ec_params, sizeof(ec_params) / sizeof(*ec_params)};
+
+keymaster_key_param_t rsa_params[] = {
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_ALGORITHM, KM_ALGORITHM_RSA),
+    keymaster_param_int(KM_TAG_KEY_SIZE, 1024),
+    keymaster_param_long(KM_TAG_RSA_PUBLIC_EXPONENT, 65537),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_PURPOSE, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_PURPOSE, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_PADDING, KM_PAD_NONE),
+    keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_DIGEST, KM_DIGEST_NONE),
+    keymaster_param_bool(KM_TAG_NO_AUTH_REQUIRED),
+};
+keymaster_key_param_set_t rsa_param_set = {rsa_params, sizeof(rsa_params) / sizeof(*rsa_params)};
+
 struct EVP_PKEY_Delete {
     void operator()(EVP_PKEY* p) const { EVP_PKEY_free(p); }
 };
@@ -110,41 +135,70 @@
     void operator()(EVP_PKEY_CTX* p) { EVP_PKEY_CTX_free(p); }
 };
 
+static bool do_operation(TrustyKeymasterDevice* device, keymaster_purpose_t purpose,
+                         keymaster_key_blob_t* key, keymaster_blob_t* input,
+                         keymaster_blob_t* signature, keymaster_blob_t* output) {
+    keymaster_key_param_t params[] = {
+        keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_PADDING, KM_PAD_NONE),
+        keymaster_param_enum(KM_TAG_DIGEST, KM_DIGEST_NONE),
+    };
+    keymaster_key_param_set_t param_set = {params, sizeof(params) / sizeof(*params)};
+    keymaster_operation_handle_t op_handle;
+    keymaster_error_t error = device->begin(purpose, key, &param_set, nullptr, &op_handle);
+    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        printf("Keymaster begin() failed: %d\n", error);
+        return false;
+    }
+    size_t input_consumed;
+    error = device->update(op_handle, nullptr, input, &input_consumed, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        printf("Keymaster update() failed: %d\n", error);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (input_consumed != input->data_length) {
+        // This should never happen. If it does, it's a bug in the keymaster implementation.
+        printf("Keymaster update() did not consume all data.\n");
+        device->abort(op_handle);
+        return false;
+    }
+    error = device->finish(op_handle, nullptr, nullptr, signature, nullptr, output);
+    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        printf("Keymaster finish() failed: %d\n", error);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool test_import_rsa(TrustyKeymasterDevice* device) {
     printf("===================\n");
     printf("= RSA Import Test =\n");
     printf("===================\n\n");
 
     printf("=== Importing RSA keypair === \n");
-    uint8_t* key;
-    size_t size;
-    int error = device->import_keypair(rsa_privkey_pk8_der, rsa_privkey_pk8_der_len, &key, &size);
+    keymaster_key_blob_t key;
+    keymaster_blob_t private_key = {rsa_privkey_pk8_der, rsa_privkey_pk8_der_len};
+    int error = device->import_key(&rsa_param_set, KM_KEY_FORMAT_PKCS8, &private_key, &key, nullptr);
     if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error importing key pair: %d\n\n", error);
+        printf("Error importing RSA key: %d\n\n", error);
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> key_deleter(key);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> key_deleter(key.key_material);
 
     printf("=== Signing with imported RSA key ===\n");
-    keymaster_rsa_sign_params_t sign_params = {DIGEST_NONE, PADDING_NONE};
     size_t message_len = 1024 / 8;
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
     memset(message.get(), 'a', message_len);
-    uint8_t* signature;
-    size_t signature_len;
-    error = device->sign_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, &signature,
-                              &signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error signing data with imported RSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    keymaster_blob_t input = {message.get(), message_len}, signature;
+
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN, &key, &input, nullptr, &signature)) {
+        printf("Error signing data with imported RSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature.data);
 
     printf("=== Verifying with imported RSA key === \n");
-    error = device->verify_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, signature,
-                                signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error verifying data with imported RSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY, &key, &input, &signature, nullptr)) {
+        printf("Error verifying data with imported RSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -158,67 +212,58 @@
     printf("============\n\n");
 
     printf("=== Generating RSA key pair ===\n");
-    keymaster_rsa_keygen_params_t params;
-    params.public_exponent = 65537;
-    params.modulus_size = 2048;
-
-    uint8_t* key;
-    size_t size;
-    int error = device->generate_keypair(TYPE_RSA, &params, &key, &size);
+    keymaster_key_blob_t key;
+    int error = device->generate_key(&rsa_param_set, &key, nullptr);
     if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         printf("Error generating RSA key pair: %d\n\n", error);
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> deleter(key);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> key_deleter(key.key_material);
 
     printf("=== Signing with RSA key === \n");
-    keymaster_rsa_sign_params_t sign_params = {DIGEST_NONE, PADDING_NONE};
-    size_t message_len = params.modulus_size / 8;
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
+    size_t message_len = 1024 / 8;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
     memset(message.get(), 'a', message_len);
-    uint8_t* signature;
-    size_t signature_len;
-    error = device->sign_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, &signature,
-                              &signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error signing data with RSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    keymaster_blob_t input = {message.get(), message_len}, signature;
+
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN, &key, &input, nullptr, &signature)) {
+        printf("Error signing data with RSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature.data);
 
     printf("=== Verifying with RSA key === \n");
-    error = device->verify_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, signature,
-                                signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error verifying data with RSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY, &key, &input, &signature, nullptr)) {
+        printf("Error verifying data with RSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
 
     printf("=== Exporting RSA public key ===\n");
-    uint8_t* exported_key;
-    size_t exported_size;
-    error = device->get_keypair_public(key, size, &exported_key, &exported_size);
+    keymaster_blob_t exported_key;
+    error = device->export_key(KM_KEY_FORMAT_X509, &key, nullptr, nullptr, &exported_key);
     if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         printf("Error exporting RSA public key: %d\n\n", error);
         return false;
     }
 
     printf("=== Verifying with exported key ===\n");
-    const uint8_t* tmp = exported_key;
-    UniquePtr<EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_Delete> pkey(d2i_PUBKEY(NULL, &tmp, exported_size));
-    UniquePtr<EVP_PKEY_CTX, EVP_PKEY_CTX_Delete> ctx(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey.get(), NULL));
+    const uint8_t* tmp = exported_key.data;
+    std::unique_ptr<EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_Delete> pkey(
+        d2i_PUBKEY(NULL, &tmp, exported_key.data_length));
+    std::unique_ptr<EVP_PKEY_CTX, EVP_PKEY_CTX_Delete> ctx(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey.get(), NULL));
     if (EVP_PKEY_verify_init(ctx.get()) != 1) {
-        printf("Error initializing openss EVP context\n");
+        printf("Error initializing openss EVP context\n\n");
         return false;
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type) != EVP_PKEY_RSA) {
-        printf("Exported key was the wrong type?!?\n");
+        printf("Exported key was the wrong type?!?\n\n");
         return false;
     }
 
     EVP_PKEY_CTX_set_rsa_padding(ctx.get(), RSA_NO_PADDING);
-    if (EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx.get(), signature, signature_len, message.get(), message_len) != 1) {
-        printf("Verification with exported pubkey failed.\n");
+    if (EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx.get(), signature.data, signature.data_length, message.get(),
+                        message_len) != 1) {
+        printf("Verification with exported pubkey failed.\n\n");
         return false;
     } else {
         printf("Verification succeeded\n");
@@ -234,35 +279,31 @@
     printf("=====================\n\n");
 
     printf("=== Importing ECDSA keypair === \n");
-    uint8_t* key;
-    size_t size;
-    int error = device->import_keypair(ec_privkey_pk8_der, ec_privkey_pk8_der_len, &key, &size);
+    keymaster_key_blob_t key;
+    keymaster_blob_t private_key = {ec_privkey_pk8_der, ec_privkey_pk8_der_len};
+    int error = device->import_key(&ec_param_set, KM_KEY_FORMAT_PKCS8, &private_key, &key, nullptr);
     if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error importing key pair: %d\n\n", error);
+        printf("Error importing ECDSA key: %d\n\n", error);
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> deleter(key);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> deleter(key.key_material);
 
     printf("=== Signing with imported ECDSA key ===\n");
     keymaster_ec_sign_params_t sign_params = {DIGEST_NONE};
     size_t message_len = 30 /* arbitrary */;
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
     memset(message.get(), 'a', message_len);
-    uint8_t* signature;
-    size_t signature_len;
-    error = device->sign_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, &signature,
-                              &signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error signing data with imported ECDSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    keymaster_blob_t input = {message.get(), message_len}, signature;
+
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN, &key, &input, nullptr, &signature)) {
+        printf("Error signing data with imported ECDSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature.data);
 
     printf("=== Verifying with imported ECDSA key === \n");
-    error = device->verify_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, signature,
-                                signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error verifying data with imported ECDSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY, &key, &input, &signature, nullptr)) {
+        printf("Error verifying data with imported ECDSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -276,64 +317,57 @@
     printf("==============\n\n");
 
     printf("=== Generating ECDSA key pair ===\n");
-    keymaster_ec_keygen_params_t params;
-    params.field_size = 521;
-    uint8_t* key;
-    size_t size;
-    int error = device->generate_keypair(TYPE_EC, &params, &key, &size);
-    if (error != 0) {
+    keymaster_key_blob_t key;
+    int error = device->generate_key(&ec_param_set, &key, nullptr);
+    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         printf("Error generating ECDSA key pair: %d\n\n", error);
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> deleter(key);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> key_deleter(key.key_material);
 
     printf("=== Signing with ECDSA key === \n");
-    keymaster_ec_sign_params_t sign_params = {DIGEST_NONE};
     size_t message_len = 30 /* arbitrary */;
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> message(new uint8_t[message_len]);
     memset(message.get(), 'a', message_len);
-    uint8_t* signature;
-    size_t signature_len;
-    error = device->sign_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, &signature,
-                              &signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error signing data with ECDSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    keymaster_blob_t input = {message.get(), message_len}, signature;
+
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_SIGN, &key, &input, nullptr, &signature)) {
+        printf("Error signing data with ECDSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature);
+    std::unique_ptr<const uint8_t[]> signature_deleter(signature.data);
 
     printf("=== Verifying with ECDSA key === \n");
-    error = device->verify_data(&sign_params, key, size, message.get(), message_len, signature,
-                                signature_len);
-    if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        printf("Error verifying data with ECDSA key: %d\n\n", error);
+    if (!do_operation(device, KM_PURPOSE_VERIFY, &key, &input, &signature, nullptr)) {
+        printf("Error verifying data with ECDSA key\n\n");
         return false;
     }
 
     printf("=== Exporting ECDSA public key ===\n");
-    uint8_t* exported_key;
-    size_t exported_size;
-    error = device->get_keypair_public(key, size, &exported_key, &exported_size);
+    keymaster_blob_t exported_key;
+    error = device->export_key(KM_KEY_FORMAT_X509, &key, nullptr, nullptr, &exported_key);
     if (error != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         printf("Error exporting ECDSA public key: %d\n\n", error);
         return false;
     }
 
     printf("=== Verifying with exported key ===\n");
-    const uint8_t* tmp = exported_key;
-    UniquePtr<EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_Delete> pkey(d2i_PUBKEY(NULL, &tmp, exported_size));
-    UniquePtr<EVP_PKEY_CTX, EVP_PKEY_CTX_Delete> ctx(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey.get(), NULL));
+    const uint8_t* tmp = exported_key.data;
+    std::unique_ptr<EVP_PKEY, EVP_PKEY_Delete> pkey(
+        d2i_PUBKEY(NULL, &tmp, exported_key.data_length));
+    std::unique_ptr<EVP_PKEY_CTX, EVP_PKEY_CTX_Delete> ctx(EVP_PKEY_CTX_new(pkey.get(), NULL));
     if (EVP_PKEY_verify_init(ctx.get()) != 1) {
-        printf("Error initializing openss EVP context\n");
+        printf("Error initializing openssl EVP context\n\n");
         return false;
     }
     if (EVP_PKEY_type(pkey->type) != EVP_PKEY_EC) {
-        printf("Exported key was the wrong type?!?\n");
+        printf("Exported key was the wrong type?!?\n\n");
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx.get(), signature, signature_len, message.get(), message_len) != 1) {
-        printf("Verification with exported pubkey failed.\n");
+    if (EVP_PKEY_verify(ctx.get(), signature.data, signature.data_length, message.get(),
+                        message_len) != 1) {
+        printf("Verification with exported pubkey failed.\n\n");
         return false;
     } else {
         printf("Verification succeeded\n");
@@ -344,8 +378,8 @@
 }
 
 int main(void) {
-
     TrustyKeymasterDevice device(NULL);
+    keymaster::ConfigureDevice(reinterpret_cast<keymaster2_device_t*>(&device));
     if (device.session_error() != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         printf("Failed to initialize Trusty session: %d\n", device.session_error());
         return 1;