Minimal changes to bring the resolver into the C++ era

It took surprisingly few changes, considering the leap from C with some
K&R constructs to C++17; most of the diffs are adding explicit pointer
casts and renaming variables called 'class' or 'try'.

As a result of building as C++, some of the names are now mangled,
making clashes with bionic harder. However, some names remain C due to
the __BEGIN_DECLS / __END_DECLS macros, scheduled to be removed in a
later cleanup pass.

Test: atest netd_integration_test

Change-Id: I3aefb9078421ec42f98f97d917785b365545feba
diff --git a/resolv/getaddrinfo.cpp b/resolv/getaddrinfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6912ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolv/getaddrinfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2028 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: getaddrinfo.c,v 1.82 2006/03/25 12:09:40 rpaulo Exp $	*/
+/*	$KAME: getaddrinfo.c,v 1.29 2000/08/31 17:26:57 itojun Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 1995, 1996, 1997, and 1998 WIDE Project.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. Neither the name of the project nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE PROJECT AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE PROJECT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Issues to be discussed:
+ * - Thread safe-ness must be checked.
+ * - Return values.  There are nonstandard return values defined and used
+ *   in the source code.  This is because RFC2553 is silent about which error
+ *   code must be returned for which situation.
+ * - IPv4 classful (shortened) form.  RFC2553 is silent about it.  XNET 5.2
+ *   says to use inet_aton() to convert IPv4 numeric to binary (alows
+ *   classful form as a result).
+ *   current code - disallow classful form for IPv4 (due to use of inet_pton).
+ * - freeaddrinfo(NULL).  RFC2553 is silent about it.  XNET 5.2 says it is
+ *   invalid.
+ *   current code - SEGV on freeaddrinfo(NULL)
+ * Note:
+ * - We use getipnodebyname() just for thread-safeness.  There's no intent
+ *   to let it do PF_UNSPEC (actually we never pass PF_UNSPEC to
+ *   getipnodebyname().
+ * - The code filters out AFs that are not supported by the kernel,
+ *   when globbing NULL hostname (to loopback, or wildcard).  Is it the right
+ *   thing to do?  What is the relationship with post-RFC2553 AI_ADDRCONFIG
+ *   in ai_flags?
+ * - (post-2553) semantics of AI_ADDRCONFIG itself is too vague.
+ *   (1) what should we do against numeric hostname (2) what should we do
+ *   against NULL hostname (3) what is AI_ADDRCONFIG itself.  AF not ready?
+ *   non-loopback address configured?  global address configured?
+ * - To avoid search order issue, we have a big amount of code duplicate
+ *   from gethnamaddr.c and some other places.  The issues that there's no
+ *   lower layer function to lookup "IPv4 or IPv6" record.  Calling
+ *   gethostbyname2 from getaddrinfo will end up in wrong search order, as
+ *   follows:
+ *	- The code makes use of following calls when asked to resolver with
+ *	  ai_family  = PF_UNSPEC:
+ *		getipnodebyname(host, AF_INET6);
+ *		getipnodebyname(host, AF_INET);
+ *	  This will result in the following queries if the node is configure to
+ *	  prefer /etc/hosts than DNS:
+ *		lookup /etc/hosts for IPv6 address
+ *		lookup DNS for IPv6 address
+ *		lookup /etc/hosts for IPv4 address
+ *		lookup DNS for IPv4 address
+ *	  which may not meet people's requirement.
+ *	  The right thing to happen is to have underlying layer which does
+ *	  PF_UNSPEC lookup (lookup both) and return chain of addrinfos.
+ *	  This would result in a bit of code duplicate with _dns_ghbyname() and
+ *	  friends.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include "resolv_cache.h"
+#include "resolv_netid.h"
+#include "resolv_private.h"
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+#include "nsswitch.h"
+
+typedef union sockaddr_union {
+    struct sockaddr generic;
+    struct sockaddr_in in;
+    struct sockaddr_in6 in6;
+} sockaddr_union;
+
+#define ANY 0
+
+static const char in_addrany[] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+static const char in_loopback[] = {127, 0, 0, 1};
+static const char in6_addrany[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+static const char in6_loopback[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1};
+
+static const struct afd {
+    int a_af;
+    int a_addrlen;
+    int a_socklen;
+    int a_off;
+    const char* a_addrany;
+    const char* a_loopback;
+    int a_scoped;
+} afdl[] = {
+        {PF_INET6, sizeof(struct in6_addr), sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6),
+         offsetof(struct sockaddr_in6, sin6_addr), in6_addrany, in6_loopback, 1},
+        {PF_INET, sizeof(struct in_addr), sizeof(struct sockaddr_in),
+         offsetof(struct sockaddr_in, sin_addr), in_addrany, in_loopback, 0},
+        {0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, 0},
+};
+
+struct explore {
+    int e_af;
+    int e_socktype;
+    int e_protocol;
+    const char* e_protostr;
+    int e_wild;
+#define WILD_AF(ex) ((ex)->e_wild & 0x01)
+#define WILD_SOCKTYPE(ex) ((ex)->e_wild & 0x02)
+#define WILD_PROTOCOL(ex) ((ex)->e_wild & 0x04)
+};
+
+static const struct explore explore[] = {
+        {PF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP, "udp", 0x07},
+        {PF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, "tcp", 0x07},
+        {PF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, ANY, NULL, 0x05},
+        {PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP, "udp", 0x07},
+        {PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, "tcp", 0x07},
+        {PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, ANY, NULL, 0x05},
+        {PF_UNSPEC, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP, "udp", 0x07},
+        {PF_UNSPEC, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, "tcp", 0x07},
+        {PF_UNSPEC, SOCK_RAW, ANY, NULL, 0x05},
+        {-1, 0, 0, NULL, 0},
+};
+
+#define PTON_MAX 16
+
+static const ns_src default_dns_files[] = {
+    {NSSRC_FILES, NS_SUCCESS},
+    {NSSRC_DNS, NS_SUCCESS},
+    {0, 0}
+};
+
+#define MAXPACKET (8 * 1024)
+
+typedef union {
+    HEADER hdr;
+    u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
+} querybuf;
+
+struct res_target {
+    struct res_target* next;
+    const char* name;  /* domain name */
+    int qclass, qtype; /* class and type of query */
+    u_char* answer;    /* buffer to put answer */
+    int anslen;        /* size of answer buffer */
+    int n;             /* result length */
+};
+
+static int str2number(const char*);
+static int explore_fqdn(const struct addrinfo*, const char*, const char*, struct addrinfo**,
+                        const struct android_net_context*);
+static int explore_null(const struct addrinfo*, const char*, struct addrinfo**);
+static int explore_numeric(const struct addrinfo*, const char*, const char*, struct addrinfo**,
+                           const char*);
+static int explore_numeric_scope(const struct addrinfo*, const char*, const char*,
+                                 struct addrinfo**);
+static int get_canonname(const struct addrinfo*, struct addrinfo*, const char*);
+static struct addrinfo* get_ai(const struct addrinfo*, const struct afd*, const char*);
+static int get_portmatch(const struct addrinfo*, const char*);
+static int get_port(const struct addrinfo*, const char*, int);
+static const struct afd* find_afd(int);
+static int ip6_str2scopeid(const char*, struct sockaddr_in6*, u_int32_t*);
+
+static struct addrinfo* getanswer(const querybuf*, int, const char*, int, const struct addrinfo*);
+static int _dns_getaddrinfo(void*, void*, va_list);
+static void _sethtent(FILE**);
+static void _endhtent(FILE**);
+static struct addrinfo* _gethtent(FILE**, const char*, const struct addrinfo*);
+static int _files_getaddrinfo(void*, void*, va_list);
+static int _find_src_addr(const struct sockaddr*, struct sockaddr*, unsigned, uid_t);
+
+static int res_queryN(const char*, struct res_target*, res_state);
+static int res_searchN(const char*, struct res_target*, res_state);
+static int res_querydomainN(const char*, const char*, struct res_target*, res_state);
+
+static const char* const ai_errlist[] = {
+        "Success",
+        "Address family for hostname not supported",    /* EAI_ADDRFAMILY */
+        "Temporary failure in name resolution",         /* EAI_AGAIN      */
+        "Invalid value for ai_flags",                   /* EAI_BADFLAGS   */
+        "Non-recoverable failure in name resolution",   /* EAI_FAIL       */
+        "ai_family not supported",                      /* EAI_FAMILY     */
+        "Memory allocation failure",                    /* EAI_MEMORY     */
+        "No address associated with hostname",          /* EAI_NODATA     */
+        "hostname nor servname provided, or not known", /* EAI_NONAME     */
+        "servname not supported for ai_socktype",       /* EAI_SERVICE    */
+        "ai_socktype not supported",                    /* EAI_SOCKTYPE   */
+        "System error returned in errno",               /* EAI_SYSTEM     */
+        "Invalid value for hints",                      /* EAI_BADHINTS	  */
+        "Resolved protocol is unknown",                 /* EAI_PROTOCOL   */
+        "Argument buffer overflow",                     /* EAI_OVERFLOW   */
+        "Unknown error",                                /* EAI_MAX        */
+};
+
+/* XXX macros that make external reference is BAD. */
+
+#define GET_AI(ai, afd, addr)                                \
+    do {                                                     \
+        /* external reference: pai, error, and label free */ \
+        (ai) = get_ai(pai, (afd), (addr));                   \
+        if ((ai) == NULL) {                                  \
+            error = EAI_MEMORY;                              \
+            goto free;                                       \
+        }                                                    \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define GET_PORT(ai, serv)                             \
+    do {                                               \
+        /* external reference: error and label free */ \
+        error = get_port((ai), (serv), 0);             \
+        if (error != 0) goto free;                     \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define GET_CANONNAME(ai, str)                              \
+    do {                                                    \
+        /* external reference: pai, error and label free */ \
+        error = get_canonname(pai, (ai), (str));            \
+        if (error != 0) goto free;                          \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define ERR(err)                                       \
+    do {                                               \
+        /* external reference: error, and label bad */ \
+        error = (err);                                 \
+        goto bad;                                      \
+        /*NOTREACHED*/                                 \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define MATCH_FAMILY(x, y, w) \
+    ((x) == (y) || ((w) && ((x) == PF_UNSPEC || (y) == PF_UNSPEC)))
+#define MATCH(x, y, w) ((x) == (y) || ((w) && ((x) == ANY || (y) == ANY)))
+
+const char* gai_strerror(int ecode) {
+    if (ecode < 0 || ecode > EAI_MAX) ecode = EAI_MAX;
+    return ai_errlist[ecode];
+}
+
+void freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo* ai) {
+    struct addrinfo* next;
+
+    if (ai == NULL) return;
+
+    do {
+        next = ai->ai_next;
+        if (ai->ai_canonname) free(ai->ai_canonname);
+        /* no need to free(ai->ai_addr) */
+        free(ai);
+        ai = next;
+    } while (ai);
+}
+
+static int str2number(const char* p) {
+    char* ep;
+    unsigned long v;
+
+    assert(p != NULL);
+
+    if (*p == '\0') return -1;
+    ep = NULL;
+    errno = 0;
+    v = strtoul(p, &ep, 10);
+    if (errno == 0 && ep && *ep == '\0' && v <= UINT_MAX)
+        return v;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * The following functions determine whether IPv4 or IPv6 connectivity is
+ * available in order to implement AI_ADDRCONFIG.
+ *
+ * Strictly speaking, AI_ADDRCONFIG should not look at whether connectivity is
+ * available, but whether addresses of the specified family are "configured
+ * on the local system". However, bionic doesn't currently support getifaddrs,
+ * so checking for connectivity is the next best thing.
+ */
+static int _have_ipv6(unsigned mark, uid_t uid) {
+    static const struct sockaddr_in6 sin6_test = {
+            .sin6_family = AF_INET6,
+            .sin6_addr.s6_addr = {// 2000::
+                                  0x20, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}};
+    sockaddr_union addr = {.in6 = sin6_test};
+    return _find_src_addr(&addr.generic, NULL, mark, uid) == 1;
+}
+
+static int _have_ipv4(unsigned mark, uid_t uid) {
+    static const struct sockaddr_in sin_test = {
+            .sin_family = AF_INET,
+            .sin_addr.s_addr = __constant_htonl(0x08080808L)  // 8.8.8.8
+    };
+    sockaddr_union addr = {.in = sin_test};
+    return _find_src_addr(&addr.generic, NULL, mark, uid) == 1;
+}
+
+bool readBE32(FILE* fp, int32_t* result) {
+    int32_t tmp;
+    if (fread(&tmp, sizeof(tmp), 1, fp) != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *result = ntohl(tmp);
+    return true;
+}
+
+int getaddrinfo(const char* hostname, const char* servname, const struct addrinfo* hints,
+                struct addrinfo** res) {
+    return android_getaddrinfofornet(hostname, servname, hints, NETID_UNSET, MARK_UNSET, res);
+}
+
+int android_getaddrinfofornet(const char* hostname, const char* servname,
+                              const struct addrinfo* hints, unsigned netid, unsigned mark,
+                              struct addrinfo** res) {
+    struct android_net_context netcontext = {
+            .app_netid = netid,
+            .app_mark = mark,
+            .dns_netid = netid,
+            .dns_mark = mark,
+            .uid = NET_CONTEXT_INVALID_UID,
+    };
+    return android_getaddrinfofornetcontext(hostname, servname, hints, &netcontext, res);
+}
+
+int android_getaddrinfofornetcontext(const char* hostname, const char* servname,
+                                     const struct addrinfo* hints,
+                                     const struct android_net_context* netcontext,
+                                     struct addrinfo** res) {
+    struct addrinfo sentinel;
+    struct addrinfo* cur;
+    int error = 0;
+    struct addrinfo ai;
+    struct addrinfo ai0;
+    struct addrinfo* pai;
+    const struct explore* ex;
+
+    /* hostname is allowed to be NULL */
+    /* servname is allowed to be NULL */
+    /* hints is allowed to be NULL */
+    assert(res != NULL);
+    assert(netcontext != NULL);
+    memset(&sentinel, 0, sizeof(sentinel));
+    cur = &sentinel;
+    pai = &ai;
+    pai->ai_flags = 0;
+    pai->ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
+    pai->ai_socktype = ANY;
+    pai->ai_protocol = ANY;
+    pai->ai_addrlen = 0;
+    pai->ai_canonname = NULL;
+    pai->ai_addr = NULL;
+    pai->ai_next = NULL;
+
+    if (hostname == NULL && servname == NULL) return EAI_NONAME;
+    if (hints) {
+        /* error check for hints */
+        if (hints->ai_addrlen || hints->ai_canonname || hints->ai_addr || hints->ai_next)
+            ERR(EAI_BADHINTS); /* xxx */
+        if (hints->ai_flags & ~AI_MASK) ERR(EAI_BADFLAGS);
+        switch (hints->ai_family) {
+            case PF_UNSPEC:
+            case PF_INET:
+            case PF_INET6:
+                break;
+            default:
+                ERR(EAI_FAMILY);
+        }
+        memcpy(pai, hints, sizeof(*pai));
+
+        /*
+         * if both socktype/protocol are specified, check if they
+         * are meaningful combination.
+         */
+        if (pai->ai_socktype != ANY && pai->ai_protocol != ANY) {
+            for (ex = explore; ex->e_af >= 0; ex++) {
+                if (pai->ai_family != ex->e_af) continue;
+                if (ex->e_socktype == ANY) continue;
+                if (ex->e_protocol == ANY) continue;
+                if (pai->ai_socktype == ex->e_socktype && pai->ai_protocol != ex->e_protocol) {
+                    ERR(EAI_BADHINTS);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * check for special cases.  (1) numeric servname is disallowed if
+     * socktype/protocol are left unspecified. (2) servname is disallowed
+     * for raw and other inet{,6} sockets.
+     */
+    if (MATCH_FAMILY(pai->ai_family, PF_INET, 1)
+        || MATCH_FAMILY(pai->ai_family, PF_INET6, 1)
+    ) {
+        ai0 = *pai; /* backup *pai */
+
+        if (pai->ai_family == PF_UNSPEC) {
+            pai->ai_family = PF_INET6;
+        }
+        error = get_portmatch(pai, servname);
+        if (error) ERR(error);
+
+        *pai = ai0;
+    }
+
+    ai0 = *pai;
+
+    /* NULL hostname, or numeric hostname */
+    for (ex = explore; ex->e_af >= 0; ex++) {
+        *pai = ai0;
+
+        /* PF_UNSPEC entries are prepared for DNS queries only */
+        if (ex->e_af == PF_UNSPEC) continue;
+
+        if (!MATCH_FAMILY(pai->ai_family, ex->e_af, WILD_AF(ex))) continue;
+        if (!MATCH(pai->ai_socktype, ex->e_socktype, WILD_SOCKTYPE(ex))) continue;
+        if (!MATCH(pai->ai_protocol, ex->e_protocol, WILD_PROTOCOL(ex))) continue;
+
+        if (pai->ai_family == PF_UNSPEC) pai->ai_family = ex->e_af;
+        if (pai->ai_socktype == ANY && ex->e_socktype != ANY) pai->ai_socktype = ex->e_socktype;
+        if (pai->ai_protocol == ANY && ex->e_protocol != ANY) pai->ai_protocol = ex->e_protocol;
+
+        if (hostname == NULL)
+            error = explore_null(pai, servname, &cur->ai_next);
+        else
+            error = explore_numeric_scope(pai, hostname, servname, &cur->ai_next);
+
+        if (error) goto free;
+
+        while (cur->ai_next) cur = cur->ai_next;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * XXX
+     * If numeric representation of AF1 can be interpreted as FQDN
+     * representation of AF2, we need to think again about the code below.
+     */
+    if (sentinel.ai_next) goto good;
+
+    if (hostname == NULL) ERR(EAI_NODATA);
+    if (pai->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICHOST) ERR(EAI_NONAME);
+
+    /*
+     * hostname as alphabetical name.
+     * we would like to prefer AF_INET6 than AF_INET, so we'll make a
+     * outer loop by AFs.
+     */
+    for (ex = explore; ex->e_af >= 0; ex++) {
+        *pai = ai0;
+
+        /* require exact match for family field */
+        if (pai->ai_family != ex->e_af) continue;
+
+        if (!MATCH(pai->ai_socktype, ex->e_socktype, WILD_SOCKTYPE(ex))) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!MATCH(pai->ai_protocol, ex->e_protocol, WILD_PROTOCOL(ex))) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (pai->ai_socktype == ANY && ex->e_socktype != ANY) pai->ai_socktype = ex->e_socktype;
+        if (pai->ai_protocol == ANY && ex->e_protocol != ANY) pai->ai_protocol = ex->e_protocol;
+
+        error = explore_fqdn(pai, hostname, servname, &cur->ai_next, netcontext);
+
+        while (cur && cur->ai_next) cur = cur->ai_next;
+    }
+
+    /* XXX */
+    if (sentinel.ai_next) error = 0;
+
+    if (error) goto free;
+    if (error == 0) {
+        if (sentinel.ai_next) {
+        good:
+            *res = sentinel.ai_next;
+            return 0;
+        } else
+            error = EAI_FAIL;
+    }
+free:
+bad:
+    if (sentinel.ai_next) freeaddrinfo(sentinel.ai_next);
+    *res = NULL;
+    return error;
+}
+
+// FQDN hostname, DNS lookup
+static int explore_fqdn(const struct addrinfo* pai, const char* hostname, const char* servname,
+                        struct addrinfo** res, const struct android_net_context* netcontext) {
+    struct addrinfo* result;
+    struct addrinfo* cur;
+    int error = 0;
+    static const ns_dtab dtab[] = {
+        {NSSRC_FILES, _files_getaddrinfo, NULL},
+        {NSSRC_DNS, _dns_getaddrinfo, NULL},
+        {0, 0, 0}
+    };
+
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+    /* hostname may be NULL */
+    /* servname may be NULL */
+    assert(res != NULL);
+
+    result = NULL;
+
+    /*
+     * if the servname does not match socktype/protocol, ignore it.
+     */
+    if (get_portmatch(pai, servname) != 0) return 0;
+
+    switch (nsdispatch(&result, dtab, NSDB_HOSTS, "getaddrinfo", default_dns_files, hostname, pai,
+                       netcontext)) {
+        case NS_TRYAGAIN:
+            error = EAI_AGAIN;
+            goto free;
+        case NS_UNAVAIL:
+            error = EAI_FAIL;
+            goto free;
+        case NS_NOTFOUND:
+            error = EAI_NODATA;
+            goto free;
+        case NS_SUCCESS:
+            error = 0;
+            for (cur = result; cur; cur = cur->ai_next) {
+                GET_PORT(cur, servname);
+                /* canonname should be filled already */
+            }
+            break;
+    }
+
+    *res = result;
+
+    return 0;
+
+free:
+    if (result) freeaddrinfo(result);
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hostname == NULL.
+ * passive socket -> anyaddr (0.0.0.0 or ::)
+ * non-passive socket -> localhost (127.0.0.1 or ::1)
+ */
+static int explore_null(const struct addrinfo* pai, const char* servname, struct addrinfo** res) {
+    int s;
+    const struct afd* afd;
+    struct addrinfo* cur;
+    struct addrinfo sentinel;
+    int error;
+
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+    /* servname may be NULL */
+    assert(res != NULL);
+
+    *res = NULL;
+    sentinel.ai_next = NULL;
+    cur = &sentinel;
+
+    /*
+     * filter out AFs that are not supported by the kernel
+     * XXX errno?
+     */
+    s = socket(pai->ai_family, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
+    if (s < 0) {
+        if (errno != EMFILE) return 0;
+    } else
+        close(s);
+
+    /*
+     * if the servname does not match socktype/protocol, ignore it.
+     */
+    if (get_portmatch(pai, servname) != 0) return 0;
+
+    afd = find_afd(pai->ai_family);
+    if (afd == NULL) return 0;
+
+    if (pai->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE) {
+        GET_AI(cur->ai_next, afd, afd->a_addrany);
+        /* xxx meaningless?
+         * GET_CANONNAME(cur->ai_next, "anyaddr");
+         */
+        GET_PORT(cur->ai_next, servname);
+    } else {
+        GET_AI(cur->ai_next, afd, afd->a_loopback);
+        /* xxx meaningless?
+         * GET_CANONNAME(cur->ai_next, "localhost");
+         */
+        GET_PORT(cur->ai_next, servname);
+    }
+    cur = cur->ai_next;
+
+    *res = sentinel.ai_next;
+    return 0;
+
+free:
+    if (sentinel.ai_next) freeaddrinfo(sentinel.ai_next);
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * numeric hostname
+ */
+static int explore_numeric(const struct addrinfo* pai, const char* hostname, const char* servname,
+                           struct addrinfo** res, const char* canonname) {
+    const struct afd* afd;
+    struct addrinfo* cur;
+    struct addrinfo sentinel;
+    int error;
+    char pton[PTON_MAX];
+
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+    /* hostname may be NULL */
+    /* servname may be NULL */
+    assert(res != NULL);
+
+    *res = NULL;
+    sentinel.ai_next = NULL;
+    cur = &sentinel;
+
+    /*
+     * if the servname does not match socktype/protocol, ignore it.
+     */
+    if (get_portmatch(pai, servname) != 0) return 0;
+
+    afd = find_afd(pai->ai_family);
+    if (afd == NULL) return 0;
+
+    switch (afd->a_af) {
+#if 0 /*X/Open spec*/
+	case AF_INET:
+		if (inet_aton(hostname, (struct in_addr *)pton) == 1) {
+			if (pai->ai_family == afd->a_af ||
+			    pai->ai_family == PF_UNSPEC /*?*/) {
+				GET_AI(cur->ai_next, afd, pton);
+				GET_PORT(cur->ai_next, servname);
+				if ((pai->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME)) {
+					/*
+					 * Set the numeric address itself as
+					 * the canonical name, based on a
+					 * clarification in rfc2553bis-03.
+					 */
+					GET_CANONNAME(cur->ai_next, canonname);
+				}
+				while (cur && cur->ai_next)
+					cur = cur->ai_next;
+			} else
+				ERR(EAI_FAMILY);	/*xxx*/
+		}
+		break;
+#endif
+        default:
+            if (inet_pton(afd->a_af, hostname, pton) == 1) {
+                if (pai->ai_family == afd->a_af || pai->ai_family == PF_UNSPEC /*?*/) {
+                    GET_AI(cur->ai_next, afd, pton);
+                    GET_PORT(cur->ai_next, servname);
+                    if ((pai->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME)) {
+                        /*
+                         * Set the numeric address itself as
+                         * the canonical name, based on a
+                         * clarification in rfc2553bis-03.
+                         */
+                        GET_CANONNAME(cur->ai_next, canonname);
+                    }
+                    while (cur->ai_next) cur = cur->ai_next;
+                } else
+                    ERR(EAI_FAMILY); /*xxx*/
+            }
+            break;
+    }
+
+    *res = sentinel.ai_next;
+    return 0;
+
+free:
+bad:
+    if (sentinel.ai_next) freeaddrinfo(sentinel.ai_next);
+    return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * numeric hostname with scope
+ */
+static int explore_numeric_scope(const struct addrinfo* pai, const char* hostname,
+                                 const char* servname, struct addrinfo** res) {
+    const struct afd* afd;
+    struct addrinfo* cur;
+    int error;
+    const char *cp, *scope, *addr;
+    struct sockaddr_in6* sin6;
+
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+    /* hostname may be NULL */
+    /* servname may be NULL */
+    assert(res != NULL);
+
+    /*
+     * if the servname does not match socktype/protocol, ignore it.
+     */
+    if (get_portmatch(pai, servname) != 0) return 0;
+
+    afd = find_afd(pai->ai_family);
+    if (afd == NULL) return 0;
+
+    if (!afd->a_scoped) return explore_numeric(pai, hostname, servname, res, hostname);
+
+    cp = strchr(hostname, SCOPE_DELIMITER);
+    if (cp == NULL) return explore_numeric(pai, hostname, servname, res, hostname);
+
+    /*
+     * Handle special case of <scoped_address><delimiter><scope id>
+     */
+    char* hostname2 = strdup(hostname);
+    if (hostname2 == NULL) return EAI_MEMORY;
+    /* terminate at the delimiter */
+    hostname2[cp - hostname] = '\0';
+    addr = hostname2;
+    scope = cp + 1;
+
+    error = explore_numeric(pai, addr, servname, res, hostname);
+    if (error == 0) {
+        u_int32_t scopeid;
+
+        for (cur = *res; cur; cur = cur->ai_next) {
+            if (cur->ai_family != AF_INET6) continue;
+            sin6 = (struct sockaddr_in6*) (void*) cur->ai_addr;
+            if (ip6_str2scopeid(scope, sin6, &scopeid) == -1) {
+                free(hostname2);
+                return (EAI_NODATA); /* XXX: is return OK? */
+            }
+            sin6->sin6_scope_id = scopeid;
+        }
+    }
+
+    free(hostname2);
+
+    return error;
+}
+
+static int get_canonname(const struct addrinfo* pai, struct addrinfo* ai, const char* str) {
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+    assert(ai != NULL);
+    assert(str != NULL);
+
+    if ((pai->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME) != 0) {
+        ai->ai_canonname = strdup(str);
+        if (ai->ai_canonname == NULL) return EAI_MEMORY;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static struct addrinfo* get_ai(const struct addrinfo* pai, const struct afd* afd,
+                               const char* addr) {
+    char* p;
+    struct addrinfo* ai;
+
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+    assert(afd != NULL);
+    assert(addr != NULL);
+
+    ai = (struct addrinfo*) malloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo) + (afd->a_socklen));
+    if (ai == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    memcpy(ai, pai, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+    ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr*) (void*) (ai + 1);
+    memset(ai->ai_addr, 0, (size_t) afd->a_socklen);
+
+    ai->ai_addrlen = afd->a_socklen;
+#if defined(__alpha__) || (defined(__i386__) && defined(_LP64)) || defined(__sparc64__)
+    ai->__ai_pad0 = 0;
+#endif
+    ai->ai_addr->sa_family = ai->ai_family = afd->a_af;
+    p = (char*) (void*) (ai->ai_addr);
+    memcpy(p + afd->a_off, addr, (size_t) afd->a_addrlen);
+    return ai;
+}
+
+static int get_portmatch(const struct addrinfo* ai, const char* servname) {
+    assert(ai != NULL);
+    /* servname may be NULL */
+
+    return get_port(ai, servname, 1);
+}
+
+static int get_port(const struct addrinfo* ai, const char* servname, int matchonly) {
+    const char* proto;
+    struct servent* sp;
+    int port;
+    int allownumeric;
+
+    assert(ai != NULL);
+    /* servname may be NULL */
+
+    if (servname == NULL) return 0;
+    switch (ai->ai_family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+        case AF_INET6:
+            break;
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+
+    switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
+        case SOCK_RAW:
+            return EAI_SERVICE;
+        case SOCK_DGRAM:
+        case SOCK_STREAM:
+            allownumeric = 1;
+            break;
+        case ANY:
+            allownumeric = 1;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return EAI_SOCKTYPE;
+    }
+
+    port = str2number(servname);
+    if (port >= 0) {
+        if (!allownumeric) return EAI_SERVICE;
+        if (port < 0 || port > 65535) return EAI_SERVICE;
+        port = htons(port);
+    } else {
+        if (ai->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICSERV) return EAI_NONAME;
+
+        switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
+            case SOCK_DGRAM:
+                proto = "udp";
+                break;
+            case SOCK_STREAM:
+                proto = "tcp";
+                break;
+            default:
+                proto = NULL;
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if ((sp = getservbyname(servname, proto)) == NULL) return EAI_SERVICE;
+        port = sp->s_port;
+    }
+
+    if (!matchonly) {
+        switch (ai->ai_family) {
+            case AF_INET:
+                ((struct sockaddr_in*) (void*) ai->ai_addr)->sin_port = port;
+                break;
+            case AF_INET6:
+                ((struct sockaddr_in6*) (void*) ai->ai_addr)->sin6_port = port;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct afd* find_afd(int af) {
+    const struct afd* afd;
+
+    if (af == PF_UNSPEC) return NULL;
+    for (afd = afdl; afd->a_af; afd++) {
+        if (afd->a_af == af) return afd;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Convert a string to a scope identifier.
+static int ip6_str2scopeid(const char* scope, struct sockaddr_in6* sin6, u_int32_t* scopeid) {
+    u_long lscopeid;
+    struct in6_addr* a6;
+    char* ep;
+
+    assert(scope != NULL);
+    assert(sin6 != NULL);
+    assert(scopeid != NULL);
+
+    a6 = &sin6->sin6_addr;
+
+    /* empty scopeid portion is invalid */
+    if (*scope == '\0') return -1;
+
+    if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(a6) || IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_LINKLOCAL(a6)) {
+        /*
+         * We currently assume a one-to-one mapping between links
+         * and interfaces, so we simply use interface indices for
+         * like-local scopes.
+         */
+        *scopeid = if_nametoindex(scope);
+        if (*scopeid == 0) goto trynumeric;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* still unclear about literal, allow numeric only - placeholder */
+    if (IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(a6) || IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_SITELOCAL(a6)) goto trynumeric;
+    if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MC_ORGLOCAL(a6))
+        goto trynumeric;
+    else
+        goto trynumeric; /* global */
+
+    /* try to convert to a numeric id as a last resort */
+trynumeric:
+    errno = 0;
+    lscopeid = strtoul(scope, &ep, 10);
+    *scopeid = (u_int32_t)(lscopeid & 0xffffffffUL);
+    if (errno == 0 && ep && *ep == '\0' && *scopeid == lscopeid)
+        return 0;
+    else
+        return -1;
+}
+
+/* code duplicate with gethnamaddr.c */
+
+static const char AskedForGot[] = "gethostby*.getanswer: asked for \"%s\", got \"%s\"";
+
+#define BOUNDED_INCR(x)      \
+    do {                     \
+        BOUNDS_CHECK(cp, x); \
+        cp += (x);           \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define BOUNDS_CHECK(ptr, count)     \
+    do {                             \
+        if (eom - (ptr) < (count)) { \
+            h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;   \
+            return NULL;             \
+        }                            \
+    } while (0)
+
+static struct addrinfo* getanswer(const querybuf* answer, int anslen, const char* qname, int qtype,
+                                  const struct addrinfo* pai) {
+    struct addrinfo sentinel, *cur;
+    struct addrinfo ai;
+    const struct afd* afd;
+    char* canonname;
+    const HEADER* hp;
+    const u_char* cp;
+    int n;
+    const u_char* eom;
+    char *bp, *ep;
+    int type, ancount, qdcount;
+    int haveanswer, had_error;
+    char tbuf[MAXDNAME];
+    int (*name_ok)(const char*);
+    char hostbuf[8 * 1024];
+
+    assert(answer != NULL);
+    assert(qname != NULL);
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+
+    memset(&sentinel, 0, sizeof(sentinel));
+    cur = &sentinel;
+
+    canonname = NULL;
+    eom = answer->buf + anslen;
+    switch (qtype) {
+        case T_A:
+        case T_AAAA:
+        case T_ANY: /*use T_ANY only for T_A/T_AAAA lookup*/
+            name_ok = res_hnok;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return NULL; /* XXX should be abort(); */
+    }
+    /*
+     * find first satisfactory answer
+     */
+    hp = &answer->hdr;
+    ancount = ntohs(hp->ancount);
+    qdcount = ntohs(hp->qdcount);
+    bp = hostbuf;
+    ep = hostbuf + sizeof hostbuf;
+    cp = answer->buf;
+    BOUNDED_INCR(HFIXEDSZ);
+    if (qdcount != 1) {
+        h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+        return (NULL);
+    }
+    n = dn_expand(answer->buf, eom, cp, bp, ep - bp);
+    if ((n < 0) || !(*name_ok)(bp)) {
+        h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+        return (NULL);
+    }
+    BOUNDED_INCR(n + QFIXEDSZ);
+    if (qtype == T_A || qtype == T_AAAA || qtype == T_ANY) {
+        /* res_send() has already verified that the query name is the
+         * same as the one we sent; this just gets the expanded name
+         * (i.e., with the succeeding search-domain tacked on).
+         */
+        n = strlen(bp) + 1; /* for the \0 */
+        if (n >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN) {
+            h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+            return (NULL);
+        }
+        canonname = bp;
+        bp += n;
+        /* The qname can be abbreviated, but h_name is now absolute. */
+        qname = canonname;
+    }
+    haveanswer = 0;
+    had_error = 0;
+    while (ancount-- > 0 && cp < eom && !had_error) {
+        n = dn_expand(answer->buf, eom, cp, bp, ep - bp);
+        if ((n < 0) || !(*name_ok)(bp)) {
+            had_error++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        cp += n; /* name */
+        BOUNDS_CHECK(cp, 3 * INT16SZ + INT32SZ);
+        type = _getshort(cp);
+        cp += INT16SZ; /* type */
+        int cl = _getshort(cp);
+        cp += INT16SZ + INT32SZ; /* class, TTL */
+        n = _getshort(cp);
+        cp += INT16SZ; /* len */
+        BOUNDS_CHECK(cp, n);
+        if (cl != C_IN) {
+            /* XXX - debug? syslog? */
+            cp += n;
+            continue; /* XXX - had_error++ ? */
+        }
+        if ((qtype == T_A || qtype == T_AAAA || qtype == T_ANY) && type == T_CNAME) {
+            n = dn_expand(answer->buf, eom, cp, tbuf, sizeof tbuf);
+            if ((n < 0) || !(*name_ok)(tbuf)) {
+                had_error++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            cp += n;
+            /* Get canonical name. */
+            n = strlen(tbuf) + 1; /* for the \0 */
+            if (n > ep - bp || n >= MAXHOSTNAMELEN) {
+                had_error++;
+                continue;
+            }
+            strlcpy(bp, tbuf, (size_t)(ep - bp));
+            canonname = bp;
+            bp += n;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (qtype == T_ANY) {
+            if (!(type == T_A || type == T_AAAA)) {
+                cp += n;
+                continue;
+            }
+        } else if (type != qtype) {
+            if (type != T_KEY && type != T_SIG)
+                syslog(LOG_NOTICE | LOG_AUTH,
+                       "gethostby*.getanswer: asked for \"%s %s %s\", got type \"%s\"", qname,
+                       p_class(C_IN), p_type(qtype), p_type(type));
+            cp += n;
+            continue; /* XXX - had_error++ ? */
+        }
+        switch (type) {
+            case T_A:
+            case T_AAAA:
+                if (strcasecmp(canonname, bp) != 0) {
+                    syslog(LOG_NOTICE | LOG_AUTH, AskedForGot, canonname, bp);
+                    cp += n;
+                    continue; /* XXX - had_error++ ? */
+                }
+                if (type == T_A && n != INADDRSZ) {
+                    cp += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (type == T_AAAA && n != IN6ADDRSZ) {
+                    cp += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (type == T_AAAA) {
+                    struct in6_addr in6;
+                    memcpy(&in6, cp, IN6ADDRSZ);
+                    if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&in6)) {
+                        cp += n;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!haveanswer) {
+                    int nn;
+
+                    canonname = bp;
+                    nn = strlen(bp) + 1; /* for the \0 */
+                    bp += nn;
+                }
+
+                /* don't overwrite pai */
+                ai = *pai;
+                ai.ai_family = (type == T_A) ? AF_INET : AF_INET6;
+                afd = find_afd(ai.ai_family);
+                if (afd == NULL) {
+                    cp += n;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                cur->ai_next = get_ai(&ai, afd, (const char*) cp);
+                if (cur->ai_next == NULL) had_error++;
+                while (cur && cur->ai_next) cur = cur->ai_next;
+                cp += n;
+                break;
+            default:
+                abort();
+        }
+        if (!had_error) haveanswer++;
+    }
+    if (haveanswer) {
+        if (!canonname)
+            (void) get_canonname(pai, sentinel.ai_next, qname);
+        else
+            (void) get_canonname(pai, sentinel.ai_next, canonname);
+        h_errno = NETDB_SUCCESS;
+        return sentinel.ai_next;
+    }
+
+    h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+struct addrinfo_sort_elem {
+    struct addrinfo* ai;
+    int has_src_addr;
+    sockaddr_union src_addr;
+    int original_order;
+};
+
+static int _get_scope(const struct sockaddr* addr) {
+    if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* addr6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6*) addr;
+        if (IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return IPV6_ADDR_MC_SCOPE(&addr6->sin6_addr);
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&addr6->sin6_addr) ||
+                   IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            /*
+             * RFC 4291 section 2.5.3 says loopback is to be treated as having
+             * link-local scope.
+             */
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL;
+        } else {
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+        }
+    } else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+        const struct sockaddr_in* addr4 = (const struct sockaddr_in*) addr;
+        unsigned long int na = ntohl(addr4->sin_addr.s_addr);
+
+        if (IN_LOOPBACK(na) ||                 /* 127.0.0.0/8 */
+            (na & 0xffff0000) == 0xa9fe0000) { /* 169.254.0.0/16 */
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+        } else {
+            /*
+             * RFC 6724 section 3.2. Other IPv4 addresses, including private addresses
+             * and shared addresses (100.64.0.0/10), are assigned global scope.
+             */
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /*
+         * This should never happen.
+         * Return a scope with low priority as a last resort.
+         */
+        return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_NODELOCAL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* These macros are modelled after the ones in <netinet/in6.h>. */
+
+/* RFC 4380, section 2.6 */
+#define IN6_IS_ADDR_TEREDO(a) \
+    ((*(const uint32_t*) (const void*) (&(a)->s6_addr[0]) == ntohl(0x20010000)))
+
+/* RFC 3056, section 2. */
+#define IN6_IS_ADDR_6TO4(a) (((a)->s6_addr[0] == 0x20) && ((a)->s6_addr[1] == 0x02))
+
+/* 6bone testing address area (3ffe::/16), deprecated in RFC 3701. */
+#define IN6_IS_ADDR_6BONE(a) (((a)->s6_addr[0] == 0x3f) && ((a)->s6_addr[1] == 0xfe))
+
+/*
+ * Get the label for a given IPv4/IPv6 address.
+ * RFC 6724, section 2.1.
+ */
+
+static int _get_label(const struct sockaddr* addr) {
+    if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+        return 4;
+    } else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* addr6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6*) addr;
+        if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 4;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_6TO4(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 2;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_TEREDO(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 5;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_ULA(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 13;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 3;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 11;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_6BONE(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 12;
+        } else {
+            /* All other IPv6 addresses, including global unicast addresses. */
+            return 1;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /*
+         * This should never happen.
+         * Return a semi-random label as a last resort.
+         */
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Get the precedence for a given IPv4/IPv6 address.
+ * RFC 6724, section 2.1.
+ */
+
+static int _get_precedence(const struct sockaddr* addr) {
+    if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+        return 35;
+    } else if (addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* addr6 = (const struct sockaddr_in6*) addr;
+        if (IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 50;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 35;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_6TO4(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 30;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_TEREDO(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 5;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_ULA(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 3;
+        } else if (IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT(&addr6->sin6_addr) ||
+                   IN6_IS_ADDR_SITELOCAL(&addr6->sin6_addr) ||
+                   IN6_IS_ADDR_6BONE(&addr6->sin6_addr)) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            /* All other IPv6 addresses, including global unicast addresses. */
+            return 40;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find number of matching initial bits between the two addresses a1 and a2.
+ */
+
+static int _common_prefix_len(const struct in6_addr* a1, const struct in6_addr* a2) {
+    const char* p1 = (const char*) a1;
+    const char* p2 = (const char*) a2;
+    unsigned i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(*a1); ++i) {
+        int x, j;
+
+        if (p1[i] == p2[i]) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        x = p1[i] ^ p2[i];
+        for (j = 0; j < CHAR_BIT; ++j) {
+            if (x & (1 << (CHAR_BIT - 1))) {
+                return i * CHAR_BIT + j;
+            }
+            x <<= 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return sizeof(*a1) * CHAR_BIT;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare two source/destination address pairs.
+ * RFC 6724, section 6.
+ */
+
+static int _rfc6724_compare(const void* ptr1, const void* ptr2) {
+    const struct addrinfo_sort_elem* a1 = (const struct addrinfo_sort_elem*) ptr1;
+    const struct addrinfo_sort_elem* a2 = (const struct addrinfo_sort_elem*) ptr2;
+    int scope_src1, scope_dst1, scope_match1;
+    int scope_src2, scope_dst2, scope_match2;
+    int label_src1, label_dst1, label_match1;
+    int label_src2, label_dst2, label_match2;
+    int precedence1, precedence2;
+    int prefixlen1, prefixlen2;
+
+    /* Rule 1: Avoid unusable destinations. */
+    if (a1->has_src_addr != a2->has_src_addr) {
+        return a2->has_src_addr - a1->has_src_addr;
+    }
+
+    /* Rule 2: Prefer matching scope. */
+    scope_src1 = _get_scope(&a1->src_addr.generic);
+    scope_dst1 = _get_scope(a1->ai->ai_addr);
+    scope_match1 = (scope_src1 == scope_dst1);
+
+    scope_src2 = _get_scope(&a2->src_addr.generic);
+    scope_dst2 = _get_scope(a2->ai->ai_addr);
+    scope_match2 = (scope_src2 == scope_dst2);
+
+    if (scope_match1 != scope_match2) {
+        return scope_match2 - scope_match1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Rule 3: Avoid deprecated addresses.
+     * TODO(sesse): We don't currently have a good way of finding this.
+     */
+
+    /*
+     * Rule 4: Prefer home addresses.
+     * TODO(sesse): We don't currently have a good way of finding this.
+     */
+
+    /* Rule 5: Prefer matching label. */
+    label_src1 = _get_label(&a1->src_addr.generic);
+    label_dst1 = _get_label(a1->ai->ai_addr);
+    label_match1 = (label_src1 == label_dst1);
+
+    label_src2 = _get_label(&a2->src_addr.generic);
+    label_dst2 = _get_label(a2->ai->ai_addr);
+    label_match2 = (label_src2 == label_dst2);
+
+    if (label_match1 != label_match2) {
+        return label_match2 - label_match1;
+    }
+
+    /* Rule 6: Prefer higher precedence. */
+    precedence1 = _get_precedence(a1->ai->ai_addr);
+    precedence2 = _get_precedence(a2->ai->ai_addr);
+    if (precedence1 != precedence2) {
+        return precedence2 - precedence1;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Rule 7: Prefer native transport.
+     * TODO(sesse): We don't currently have a good way of finding this.
+     */
+
+    /* Rule 8: Prefer smaller scope. */
+    if (scope_dst1 != scope_dst2) {
+        return scope_dst1 - scope_dst2;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Rule 9: Use longest matching prefix.
+     * We implement this for IPv6 only, as the rules in RFC 6724 don't seem
+     * to work very well directly applied to IPv4. (glibc uses information from
+     * the routing table for a custom IPv4 implementation here.)
+     */
+    if (a1->has_src_addr && a1->ai->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6 && a2->has_src_addr &&
+        a2->ai->ai_addr->sa_family == AF_INET6) {
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* a1_src = &a1->src_addr.in6;
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* a1_dst = (const struct sockaddr_in6*) a1->ai->ai_addr;
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* a2_src = &a2->src_addr.in6;
+        const struct sockaddr_in6* a2_dst = (const struct sockaddr_in6*) a2->ai->ai_addr;
+        prefixlen1 = _common_prefix_len(&a1_src->sin6_addr, &a1_dst->sin6_addr);
+        prefixlen2 = _common_prefix_len(&a2_src->sin6_addr, &a2_dst->sin6_addr);
+        if (prefixlen1 != prefixlen2) {
+            return prefixlen2 - prefixlen1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Rule 10: Leave the order unchanged.
+     * We need this since qsort() is not necessarily stable.
+     */
+    return a1->original_order - a2->original_order;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find the source address that will be used if trying to connect to the given
+ * address. src_addr must be large enough to hold a struct sockaddr_in6.
+ *
+ * Returns 1 if a source address was found, 0 if the address is unreachable,
+ * and -1 if a fatal error occurred. If 0 or -1, the contents of src_addr are
+ * undefined.
+ */
+
+static int _find_src_addr(const struct sockaddr* addr, struct sockaddr* src_addr, unsigned mark,
+                          uid_t uid) {
+    int sock;
+    int ret;
+    socklen_t len;
+
+    switch (addr->sa_family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+            len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
+            break;
+        case AF_INET6:
+            len = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
+            break;
+        default:
+            /* No known usable source address for non-INET families. */
+            return 0;
+    }
+
+    sock = socket(addr->sa_family, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, IPPROTO_UDP);
+    if (sock == -1) {
+        if (errno == EAFNOSUPPORT) {
+            return 0;
+        } else {
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (mark != MARK_UNSET && setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_MARK, &mark, sizeof(mark)) < 0) {
+        close(sock);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (uid > 0 && uid != NET_CONTEXT_INVALID_UID && fchown(sock, uid, (gid_t) -1) < 0) {
+        close(sock);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    do {
+        ret = connect(sock, addr, len);
+    } while (ret == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        close(sock);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (src_addr && getsockname(sock, src_addr, &len) == -1) {
+        close(sock);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    close(sock);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sort the linked list starting at sentinel->ai_next in RFC6724 order.
+ * Will leave the list unchanged if an error occurs.
+ */
+
+static void _rfc6724_sort(struct addrinfo* list_sentinel, unsigned mark, uid_t uid) {
+    struct addrinfo* cur;
+    int nelem = 0, i;
+    struct addrinfo_sort_elem* elems;
+
+    cur = list_sentinel->ai_next;
+    while (cur) {
+        ++nelem;
+        cur = cur->ai_next;
+    }
+
+    elems = (struct addrinfo_sort_elem*) malloc(nelem * sizeof(struct addrinfo_sort_elem));
+    if (elems == NULL) {
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Convert the linked list to an array that also contains the candidate
+     * source address for each destination address.
+     */
+    for (i = 0, cur = list_sentinel->ai_next; i < nelem; ++i, cur = cur->ai_next) {
+        int has_src_addr;
+        assert(cur != NULL);
+        elems[i].ai = cur;
+        elems[i].original_order = i;
+
+        has_src_addr = _find_src_addr(cur->ai_addr, &elems[i].src_addr.generic, mark, uid);
+        if (has_src_addr == -1) {
+            goto error;
+        }
+        elems[i].has_src_addr = has_src_addr;
+    }
+
+    /* Sort the addresses, and rearrange the linked list so it matches the sorted order. */
+    qsort((void*) elems, nelem, sizeof(struct addrinfo_sort_elem), _rfc6724_compare);
+
+    list_sentinel->ai_next = elems[0].ai;
+    for (i = 0; i < nelem - 1; ++i) {
+        elems[i].ai->ai_next = elems[i + 1].ai;
+    }
+    elems[nelem - 1].ai->ai_next = NULL;
+
+error:
+    free(elems);
+}
+
+static int _dns_getaddrinfo(void* rv, void* /*cb_data*/, va_list ap) {
+    struct addrinfo* ai;
+    const char* name;
+    const struct addrinfo* pai;
+    struct addrinfo sentinel, *cur;
+    struct res_target q, q2;
+    res_state res;
+    const struct android_net_context* netcontext;
+
+    name = va_arg(ap, char*);
+    pai = va_arg(ap, const struct addrinfo*);
+    netcontext = va_arg(ap, const struct android_net_context*);
+    // fprintf(stderr, "_dns_getaddrinfo() name = '%s'\n", name);
+
+    memset(&q, 0, sizeof(q));
+    memset(&q2, 0, sizeof(q2));
+    memset(&sentinel, 0, sizeof(sentinel));
+    cur = &sentinel;
+
+    querybuf* buf = (querybuf*) malloc(sizeof(*buf));
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+        h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
+        return NS_NOTFOUND;
+    }
+    querybuf* buf2 = (querybuf*) malloc(sizeof(*buf2));
+    if (buf2 == NULL) {
+        free(buf);
+        h_errno = NETDB_INTERNAL;
+        return NS_NOTFOUND;
+    }
+
+    switch (pai->ai_family) {
+        case AF_UNSPEC: {
+            /* prefer IPv6 */
+            q.name = name;
+            q.qclass = C_IN;
+            q.answer = buf->buf;
+            q.anslen = sizeof(buf->buf);
+            int query_ipv6 = 1, query_ipv4 = 1;
+            if (pai->ai_flags & AI_ADDRCONFIG) {
+                query_ipv6 = _have_ipv6(netcontext->app_mark, netcontext->uid);
+                query_ipv4 = _have_ipv4(netcontext->app_mark, netcontext->uid);
+            }
+            if (query_ipv6) {
+                q.qtype = T_AAAA;
+                if (query_ipv4) {
+                    q.next = &q2;
+                    q2.name = name;
+                    q2.qclass = C_IN;
+                    q2.qtype = T_A;
+                    q2.answer = buf2->buf;
+                    q2.anslen = sizeof(buf2->buf);
+                }
+            } else if (query_ipv4) {
+                q.qtype = T_A;
+            } else {
+                free(buf);
+                free(buf2);
+                return NS_NOTFOUND;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case AF_INET:
+            q.name = name;
+            q.qclass = C_IN;
+            q.qtype = T_A;
+            q.answer = buf->buf;
+            q.anslen = sizeof(buf->buf);
+            break;
+        case AF_INET6:
+            q.name = name;
+            q.qclass = C_IN;
+            q.qtype = T_AAAA;
+            q.answer = buf->buf;
+            q.anslen = sizeof(buf->buf);
+            break;
+        default:
+            free(buf);
+            free(buf2);
+            return NS_UNAVAIL;
+    }
+
+    res = __res_get_state();
+    if (res == NULL) {
+        free(buf);
+        free(buf2);
+        return NS_NOTFOUND;
+    }
+
+    /* this just sets our netid val in the thread private data so we don't have to
+     * modify the api's all the way down to res_send.c's res_nsend.  We could
+     * fully populate the thread private data here, but if we get down there
+     * and have a cache hit that would be wasted, so we do the rest there on miss
+     */
+    res_setnetcontext(res, netcontext);
+    if (res_searchN(name, &q, res) < 0) {
+        __res_put_state(res);
+        free(buf);
+        free(buf2);
+        return NS_NOTFOUND;
+    }
+    ai = getanswer(buf, q.n, q.name, q.qtype, pai);
+    if (ai) {
+        cur->ai_next = ai;
+        while (cur && cur->ai_next) cur = cur->ai_next;
+    }
+    if (q.next) {
+        ai = getanswer(buf2, q2.n, q2.name, q2.qtype, pai);
+        if (ai) cur->ai_next = ai;
+    }
+    free(buf);
+    free(buf2);
+    if (sentinel.ai_next == NULL) {
+        __res_put_state(res);
+        switch (h_errno) {
+            case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
+                return NS_NOTFOUND;
+            case TRY_AGAIN:
+                return NS_TRYAGAIN;
+            default:
+                return NS_UNAVAIL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    _rfc6724_sort(&sentinel, netcontext->app_mark, netcontext->uid);
+
+    __res_put_state(res);
+
+    *((struct addrinfo**) rv) = sentinel.ai_next;
+    return NS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void _sethtent(FILE** hostf) {
+    if (!*hostf)
+        *hostf = fopen(_PATH_HOSTS, "re");
+    else
+        rewind(*hostf);
+}
+
+static void _endhtent(FILE** hostf) {
+    if (*hostf) {
+        (void) fclose(*hostf);
+        *hostf = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static struct addrinfo* _gethtent(FILE** hostf, const char* name, const struct addrinfo* pai) {
+    char* p;
+    char *cp, *tname, *cname;
+    struct addrinfo hints, *res0, *res;
+    int error;
+    const char* addr;
+    char hostbuf[8 * 1024];
+
+    //	fprintf(stderr, "_gethtent() name = '%s'\n", name);
+    assert(name != NULL);
+    assert(pai != NULL);
+
+    if (!*hostf && !(*hostf = fopen(_PATH_HOSTS, "re"))) return (NULL);
+again:
+    if (!(p = fgets(hostbuf, sizeof hostbuf, *hostf))) return (NULL);
+    if (*p == '#') goto again;
+    if (!(cp = strpbrk(p, "#\n"))) goto again;
+    *cp = '\0';
+    if (!(cp = strpbrk(p, " \t"))) goto again;
+    *cp++ = '\0';
+    addr = p;
+    /* if this is not something we're looking for, skip it. */
+    cname = NULL;
+    while (cp && *cp) {
+        if (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t') {
+            cp++;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!cname) cname = cp;
+        tname = cp;
+        if ((cp = strpbrk(cp, " \t")) != NULL) *cp++ = '\0';
+        //		fprintf(stderr, "\ttname = '%s'", tname);
+        if (strcasecmp(name, tname) == 0) goto found;
+    }
+    goto again;
+
+found:
+    hints = *pai;
+    hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICHOST;
+    error = getaddrinfo(addr, NULL, &hints, &res0);
+    if (error) goto again;
+    for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
+        /* cover it up */
+        res->ai_flags = pai->ai_flags;
+
+        if (pai->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME) {
+            if (get_canonname(pai, res, cname) != 0) {
+                freeaddrinfo(res0);
+                goto again;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return res0;
+}
+
+static int _files_getaddrinfo(void* rv, void* /*cb_data*/, va_list ap) {
+    const char* name;
+    const struct addrinfo* pai;
+    struct addrinfo sentinel, *cur;
+    struct addrinfo* p;
+    FILE* hostf = NULL;
+
+    name = va_arg(ap, char*);
+    pai = va_arg(ap, struct addrinfo*);
+
+    //	fprintf(stderr, "_files_getaddrinfo() name = '%s'\n", name);
+    memset(&sentinel, 0, sizeof(sentinel));
+    cur = &sentinel;
+
+    _sethtent(&hostf);
+    while ((p = _gethtent(&hostf, name, pai)) != NULL) {
+        cur->ai_next = p;
+        while (cur && cur->ai_next) cur = cur->ai_next;
+    }
+    _endhtent(&hostf);
+
+    *((struct addrinfo**) rv) = sentinel.ai_next;
+    if (sentinel.ai_next == NULL) return NS_NOTFOUND;
+    return NS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/* resolver logic */
+
+/*
+ * Formulate a normal query, send, and await answer.
+ * Returned answer is placed in supplied buffer "answer".
+ * Perform preliminary check of answer, returning success only
+ * if no error is indicated and the answer count is nonzero.
+ * Return the size of the response on success, -1 on error.
+ * Error number is left in h_errno.
+ *
+ * Caller must parse answer and determine whether it answers the question.
+ */
+static int res_queryN(const char* name, /* domain name */ struct res_target* target,
+                      res_state res) {
+    u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
+    HEADER* hp;
+    int n;
+    struct res_target* t;
+    int rcode;
+    int ancount;
+
+    assert(name != NULL);
+    /* XXX: target may be NULL??? */
+
+    rcode = NOERROR;
+    ancount = 0;
+
+    for (t = target; t; t = t->next) {
+        u_char* answer;
+        int anslen;
+        u_int oflags;
+
+        hp = (HEADER*) (void*) t->answer;
+        oflags = res->_flags;
+
+    again:
+        hp->rcode = NOERROR; /* default */
+
+        /* make it easier... */
+        int cl = t->qclass;
+        int type = t->qtype;
+        answer = t->answer;
+        anslen = t->anslen;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (res->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_nquery(%s, %d, %d)\n", name, cl, type);
+#endif
+
+        n = res_nmkquery(res, QUERY, name, cl, type, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, sizeof(buf));
+        if (n > 0 && (res->_flags & RES_F_EDNS0ERR) == 0 &&
+            (res->options & (RES_USE_EDNS0 | RES_USE_DNSSEC)) != 0)
+            n = res_nopt(res, n, buf, sizeof(buf), anslen);
+        if (n <= 0) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+            if (res->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_nquery: mkquery failed\n");
+#endif
+            h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+            return n;
+        }
+        n = res_nsend(res, buf, n, answer, anslen);
+
+        if (n < 0 || hp->rcode != NOERROR || ntohs(hp->ancount) == 0) {
+            rcode = hp->rcode; /* record most recent error */
+            /* if the query choked with EDNS0, retry without EDNS0 */
+            if ((res->options & (RES_USE_EDNS0 | RES_USE_DNSSEC)) != 0 &&
+                ((oflags ^ res->_flags) & RES_F_EDNS0ERR) != 0) {
+                res->_flags |= RES_F_EDNS0ERR;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                if (res->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_nquery: retry without EDNS0\n");
+#endif
+                goto again;
+            }
+#ifdef DEBUG
+            if (res->options & RES_DEBUG)
+                printf(";; rcode = %u, ancount=%u\n", hp->rcode, ntohs(hp->ancount));
+#endif
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        ancount += ntohs(hp->ancount);
+
+        t->n = n;
+    }
+
+    if (ancount == 0) {
+        switch (rcode) {
+            case NXDOMAIN:
+                h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND;
+                break;
+            case SERVFAIL:
+                h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
+                break;
+            case NOERROR:
+                h_errno = NO_DATA;
+                break;
+            case FORMERR:
+            case NOTIMP:
+            case REFUSED:
+            default:
+                h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+                break;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return ancount;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Formulate a normal query, send, and retrieve answer in supplied buffer.
+ * Return the size of the response on success, -1 on error.
+ * If enabled, implement search rules until answer or unrecoverable failure
+ * is detected.  Error code, if any, is left in h_errno.
+ */
+static int res_searchN(const char* name, struct res_target* target, res_state res) {
+    const char *cp, *const *domain;
+    HEADER* hp;
+    u_int dots;
+    int trailing_dot, ret, saved_herrno;
+    int got_nodata = 0, got_servfail = 0, tried_as_is = 0;
+
+    assert(name != NULL);
+    assert(target != NULL);
+
+    hp = (HEADER*) (void*) target->answer; /*XXX*/
+
+    errno = 0;
+    h_errno = HOST_NOT_FOUND; /* default, if we never query */
+    dots = 0;
+    for (cp = name; *cp; cp++) dots += (*cp == '.');
+    trailing_dot = 0;
+    if (cp > name && *--cp == '.') trailing_dot++;
+
+    // fprintf(stderr, "res_searchN() name = '%s'\n", name);
+
+    /*
+     * if there aren't any dots, it could be a user-level alias
+     */
+    if (!dots && (cp = __hostalias(name)) != NULL) {
+        ret = res_queryN(cp, target, res);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If there are dots in the name already, let's just give it a try
+     * 'as is'.  The threshold can be set with the "ndots" option.
+     */
+    saved_herrno = -1;
+    if (dots >= res->ndots) {
+        ret = res_querydomainN(name, NULL, target, res);
+        if (ret > 0) return (ret);
+        saved_herrno = h_errno;
+        tried_as_is++;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We do at least one level of search if
+     *	- there is no dot and RES_DEFNAME is set, or
+     *	- there is at least one dot, there is no trailing dot,
+     *	  and RES_DNSRCH is set.
+     */
+    if ((!dots && (res->options & RES_DEFNAMES)) ||
+        (dots && !trailing_dot && (res->options & RES_DNSRCH))) {
+        int done = 0;
+
+        /* Unfortunately we need to set stuff up before
+         * the domain stuff is tried.  Will have a better
+         * fix after thread pools are used.
+         */
+        _resolv_populate_res_for_net(res);
+
+        for (domain = (const char* const*) res->dnsrch; *domain && !done; domain++) {
+            ret = res_querydomainN(name, *domain, target, res);
+            if (ret > 0) return ret;
+
+            /*
+             * If no server present, give up.
+             * If name isn't found in this domain,
+             * keep trying higher domains in the search list
+             * (if that's enabled).
+             * On a NO_DATA error, keep trying, otherwise
+             * a wildcard entry of another type could keep us
+             * from finding this entry higher in the domain.
+             * If we get some other error (negative answer or
+             * server failure), then stop searching up,
+             * but try the input name below in case it's
+             * fully-qualified.
+             */
+            if (errno == ECONNREFUSED) {
+                h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            switch (h_errno) {
+                case NO_DATA:
+                    got_nodata++;
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
+                    /* keep trying */
+                    break;
+                case TRY_AGAIN:
+                    if (hp->rcode == SERVFAIL) {
+                        /* try next search element, if any */
+                        got_servfail++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                default:
+                    /* anything else implies that we're done */
+                    done++;
+            }
+            /*
+             * if we got here for some reason other than DNSRCH,
+             * we only wanted one iteration of the loop, so stop.
+             */
+            if (!(res->options & RES_DNSRCH)) done++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * if we have not already tried the name "as is", do that now.
+     * note that we do this regardless of how many dots were in the
+     * name or whether it ends with a dot.
+     */
+    if (!tried_as_is) {
+        ret = res_querydomainN(name, NULL, target, res);
+        if (ret > 0) return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * if we got here, we didn't satisfy the search.
+     * if we did an initial full query, return that query's h_errno
+     * (note that we wouldn't be here if that query had succeeded).
+     * else if we ever got a nodata, send that back as the reason.
+     * else send back meaningless h_errno, that being the one from
+     * the last DNSRCH we did.
+     */
+    if (saved_herrno != -1)
+        h_errno = saved_herrno;
+    else if (got_nodata)
+        h_errno = NO_DATA;
+    else if (got_servfail)
+        h_errno = TRY_AGAIN;
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform a call on res_query on the concatenation of name and domain,
+ * removing a trailing dot from name if domain is NULL.
+ */
+static int res_querydomainN(const char* name, const char* domain, struct res_target* target,
+                            res_state res) {
+    char nbuf[MAXDNAME];
+    const char* longname = nbuf;
+    size_t n, d;
+
+    assert(name != NULL);
+    /* XXX: target may be NULL??? */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (res->options & RES_DEBUG)
+        printf(";; res_querydomain(%s, %s)\n", name, domain ? domain : "<Nil>");
+#endif
+    if (domain == NULL) {
+        /*
+         * Check for trailing '.';
+         * copy without '.' if present.
+         */
+        n = strlen(name);
+        if (n + 1 > sizeof(nbuf)) {
+            h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (n > 0 && name[--n] == '.') {
+            strncpy(nbuf, name, n);
+            nbuf[n] = '\0';
+        } else
+            longname = name;
+    } else {
+        n = strlen(name);
+        d = strlen(domain);
+        if (n + 1 + d + 1 > sizeof(nbuf)) {
+            h_errno = NO_RECOVERY;
+            return -1;
+        }
+        snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%s.%s", name, domain);
+    }
+    return res_queryN(longname, target, res);
+}