Minimal changes to bring the resolver into the C++ era

It took surprisingly few changes, considering the leap from C with some
K&R constructs to C++17; most of the diffs are adding explicit pointer
casts and renaming variables called 'class' or 'try'.

As a result of building as C++, some of the names are now mangled,
making clashes with bionic harder. However, some names remain C due to
the __BEGIN_DECLS / __END_DECLS macros, scheduled to be removed in a
later cleanup pass.

Test: atest netd_integration_test

Change-Id: I3aefb9078421ec42f98f97d917785b365545feba
diff --git a/resolv/res_debug.cpp b/resolv/res_debug.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41eb93e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolv/res_debug.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1082 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: res_debug.c,v 1.13 2012/06/25 22:32:45 abs Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (C) 2004, 2005, 2008, 2009  Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ * Portions Copyright (C) 1996-2003  Internet Software Consortium.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+ * REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
+ * AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
+ * INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
+ * LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
+ * OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
+ * PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1985
+ *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ * 	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ * 	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
+ * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
+ * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
+ * specific, written prior permission.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
+ * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
+ * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+ * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+ * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1995 by International Business Machines, Inc.
+ *
+ * International Business Machines, Inc. (hereinafter called IBM) grants
+ * permission under its copyrights to use, copy, modify, and distribute this
+ * Software with or without fee, provided that the above copyright notice and
+ * all paragraphs of this notice appear in all copies, and that the name of IBM
+ * not be used in connection with the marketing of any product incorporating
+ * the Software or modifications thereof, without specific, written prior
+ * permission.
+ *
+ * To the extent it has a right to do so, IBM grants an immunity from suit
+ * under its patents, if any, for the use, sale or manufacture of products to
+ * the extent that such products are used for performing Domain Name System
+ * dynamic updates in TCP/IP networks by means of the Software.  No immunity is
+ * granted for any product per se or for any other function of any product.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", AND IBM DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ * PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN NO EVENT SHALL IBM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,
+ * DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+ * IF IBM IS APPRISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <strings.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include "resolv_private.h"
+
+// NetBSD uses _DIAGASSERT to null-check arguments and the like,
+// but it's clear from the number of mistakes in their assertions
+// that they don't actually test or ship with this.
+#define _DIAGASSERT(e) /* nothing */
+
+extern const char* const _res_opcodes[];
+extern const char* const _res_sectioncodes[];
+
+static void do_section(const res_state statp, ns_msg* handle, ns_sect section, int pflag,
+                       FILE* file) {
+    int n, sflag, rrnum;
+    int buflen = 2048;
+    ns_opcode opcode;
+    ns_rr rr;
+
+    /*
+     * Print answer records.
+     */
+    sflag = (int) (statp->pfcode & pflag);
+    if (statp->pfcode && !sflag) return;
+
+    char* buf = (char*) malloc((size_t) buflen);
+    if (buf == NULL) {
+        fprintf(file, ";; memory allocation failure\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    opcode = (ns_opcode) ns_msg_getflag(*handle, ns_f_opcode);
+    rrnum = 0;
+    for (;;) {
+        if (ns_parserr(handle, section, rrnum, &rr)) {
+            if (errno != ENODEV)
+                fprintf(file, ";; ns_parserr: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+            else if (rrnum > 0 && sflag != 0 && (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1))
+                putc('\n', file);
+            goto cleanup;
+        }
+        if (rrnum == 0 && sflag != 0 && (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1))
+            fprintf(file, ";; %s SECTION:\n", p_section(section, opcode));
+        if (section == ns_s_qd)
+            fprintf(file, ";;\t%s, type = %s, class = %s\n", ns_rr_name(rr), p_type(ns_rr_type(rr)),
+                    p_class(ns_rr_class(rr)));
+        else if (section == ns_s_ar && ns_rr_type(rr) == ns_t_opt) {
+            size_t rdatalen, ttl;
+            uint16_t optcode, optlen;
+
+            rdatalen = ns_rr_rdlen(rr);
+            ttl = ns_rr_ttl(rr);
+            fprintf(file, "; EDNS: version: %zu, udp=%u, flags=%04zx\n", (ttl >> 16) & 0xff,
+                    ns_rr_class(rr), ttl & 0xffff);
+            while (rdatalen >= 4) {
+                const u_char* cp = ns_rr_rdata(rr);
+                int i;
+
+                GETSHORT(optcode, cp);
+                GETSHORT(optlen, cp);
+
+                if (optcode == NS_OPT_NSID) {
+                    fputs("; NSID: ", file);
+                    if (optlen == 0) {
+                        fputs("; NSID\n", file);
+                    } else {
+                        fputs("; NSID: ", file);
+                        for (i = 0; i < optlen; i++) fprintf(file, "%02x ", cp[i]);
+                        fputs(" (", file);
+                        for (i = 0; i < optlen; i++)
+                            fprintf(file, "%c", isprint(cp[i]) ? cp[i] : '.');
+                        fputs(")\n", file);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (optlen == 0) {
+                        fprintf(file, "; OPT=%u\n", optcode);
+                    } else {
+                        fprintf(file, "; OPT=%u: ", optcode);
+                        for (i = 0; i < optlen; i++) fprintf(file, "%02x ", cp[i]);
+                        fputs(" (", file);
+                        for (i = 0; i < optlen; i++)
+                            fprintf(file, "%c", isprint(cp[i]) ? cp[i] : '.');
+                        fputs(")\n", file);
+                    }
+                }
+                rdatalen -= 4 + optlen;
+            }
+        } else {
+            n = ns_sprintrr(handle, &rr, NULL, NULL, buf, (u_int) buflen);
+            if (n < 0) {
+                if (errno == ENOSPC) {
+                    free(buf);
+                    buf = NULL;
+                    if (buflen < 131072) {
+                        buf = (char*) malloc((size_t)(buflen += 1024));
+                    }
+                    if (buf == NULL) {
+                        fprintf(file, ";; memory allocation failure\n");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                fprintf(file, ";; ns_sprintrr: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+                goto cleanup;
+            }
+            fputs(buf, file);
+            fputc('\n', file);
+        }
+        rrnum++;
+    }
+cleanup:
+    free(buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print the contents of a query.
+ * This is intended to be primarily a debugging routine.
+ */
+void res_pquery(const res_state statp, const u_char* msg, int len, FILE* file) {
+    ns_msg handle;
+    int qdcount, ancount, nscount, arcount;
+    u_int opcode, rcode, id;
+
+    if (ns_initparse(msg, len, &handle) < 0) {
+        fprintf(file, ";; ns_initparse: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+        return;
+    }
+    opcode = ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_opcode);
+    rcode = ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_rcode);
+    id = ns_msg_id(handle);
+    qdcount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_qd);
+    ancount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_an);
+    nscount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_ns);
+    arcount = ns_msg_count(handle, ns_s_ar);
+
+    /*
+     * Print header fields.
+     */
+    if ((!statp->pfcode) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEADX) || rcode)
+        fprintf(file, ";; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: %s, status: %s, id: %d\n", _res_opcodes[opcode],
+                p_rcode((int) rcode), id);
+    if ((!statp->pfcode) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEADX)) putc(';', file);
+    if ((!statp->pfcode) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD2)) {
+        fprintf(file, "; flags:");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_qr)) fprintf(file, " qr");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_aa)) fprintf(file, " aa");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_tc)) fprintf(file, " tc");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_rd)) fprintf(file, " rd");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_ra)) fprintf(file, " ra");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_z)) fprintf(file, " ??");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_ad)) fprintf(file, " ad");
+        if (ns_msg_getflag(handle, ns_f_cd)) fprintf(file, " cd");
+    }
+    if ((!statp->pfcode) || (statp->pfcode & RES_PRF_HEAD1)) {
+        fprintf(file, "; %s: %d", p_section(ns_s_qd, (int) opcode), qdcount);
+        fprintf(file, ", %s: %d", p_section(ns_s_an, (int) opcode), ancount);
+        fprintf(file, ", %s: %d", p_section(ns_s_ns, (int) opcode), nscount);
+        fprintf(file, ", %s: %d", p_section(ns_s_ar, (int) opcode), arcount);
+    }
+    if ((!statp->pfcode) || (statp->pfcode & (RES_PRF_HEADX | RES_PRF_HEAD2 | RES_PRF_HEAD1))) {
+        putc('\n', file);
+    }
+    /*
+     * Print the various sections.
+     */
+    do_section(statp, &handle, ns_s_qd, RES_PRF_QUES, file);
+    do_section(statp, &handle, ns_s_an, RES_PRF_ANS, file);
+    do_section(statp, &handle, ns_s_ns, RES_PRF_AUTH, file);
+    do_section(statp, &handle, ns_s_ar, RES_PRF_ADD, file);
+    if (qdcount == 0 && ancount == 0 && nscount == 0 && arcount == 0) putc('\n', file);
+}
+
+const u_char* p_cdnname(const u_char* cp, const u_char* msg, int len, FILE* file) {
+    char name[MAXDNAME];
+    int n;
+
+    if ((n = dn_expand(msg, msg + len, cp, name, (int) sizeof name)) < 0) return (NULL);
+    if (name[0] == '\0')
+        putc('.', file);
+    else
+        fputs(name, file);
+    return (cp + n);
+}
+
+const u_char* p_cdname(const u_char* cp, const u_char* msg, FILE* file) {
+    return (p_cdnname(cp, msg, PACKETSZ, file));
+}
+
+/* Return a fully-qualified domain name from a compressed name (with
+   length supplied).  */
+
+const u_char* p_fqnname(const u_char* cp, const u_char* msg, int msglen, char* name, int namelen) {
+    int n;
+    size_t newlen;
+
+    if ((n = dn_expand(msg, cp + msglen, cp, name, namelen)) < 0) return (NULL);
+    newlen = strlen(name);
+    if (newlen == 0 || name[newlen - 1] != '.') {
+        if ((int) newlen + 1 >= namelen) /* Lack space for final dot */
+            return (NULL);
+        else
+            strcpy(name + newlen, ".");
+    }
+    return (cp + n);
+}
+
+/* XXX:	the rest of these functions need to become length-limited, too. */
+
+const u_char* p_fqname(const u_char* cp, const u_char* msg, FILE* file) {
+    char name[MAXDNAME];
+    const u_char* n;
+
+    n = p_fqnname(cp, msg, MAXCDNAME, name, (int) sizeof name);
+    if (n == NULL) return (NULL);
+    fputs(name, file);
+    return (n);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Names of RR classes and qclasses.  Classes and qclasses are the same, except
+ * that C_ANY is a qclass but not a class.  (You can ask for records of class
+ * C_ANY, but you can't have any records of that class in the database.)
+ */
+const struct res_sym __p_class_syms[] = {
+        {C_IN, "IN", (char*) 0},     {C_CHAOS, "CH", (char*) 0},  {C_CHAOS, "CHAOS", (char*) 0},
+        {C_HS, "HS", (char*) 0},     {C_HS, "HESIOD", (char*) 0}, {C_ANY, "ANY", (char*) 0},
+        {C_NONE, "NONE", (char*) 0}, {C_IN, (char*) 0, (char*) 0}};
+
+/*
+ * Names of message sections.
+ */
+static const struct res_sym __p_default_section_syms[] = {{ns_s_qd, "QUERY", (char*) 0},
+                                                          {ns_s_an, "ANSWER", (char*) 0},
+                                                          {ns_s_ns, "AUTHORITY", (char*) 0},
+                                                          {ns_s_ar, "ADDITIONAL", (char*) 0},
+                                                          {0, (char*) 0, (char*) 0}};
+
+static const struct res_sym __p_update_section_syms[] = {{S_ZONE, "ZONE", (char*) 0},
+                                                         {S_PREREQ, "PREREQUISITE", (char*) 0},
+                                                         {S_UPDATE, "UPDATE", (char*) 0},
+                                                         {S_ADDT, "ADDITIONAL", (char*) 0},
+                                                         {0, (char*) 0, (char*) 0}};
+
+const struct res_sym __p_key_syms[] = {
+        {NS_ALG_MD5RSA, "RSA", "RSA KEY with MD5 hash"},
+        {NS_ALG_DH, "DH", "Diffie Hellman"},
+        {NS_ALG_DSA, "DSA", "Digital Signature Algorithm"},
+        {NS_ALG_EXPIRE_ONLY, "EXPIREONLY", "No algorithm"},
+        {NS_ALG_PRIVATE_OID, "PRIVATE", "Algorithm obtained from OID"},
+        {0, NULL, NULL}};
+
+const struct res_sym __p_cert_syms[] = {{cert_t_pkix, "PKIX", "PKIX (X.509v3) Certificate"},
+                                        {cert_t_spki, "SPKI", "SPKI certificate"},
+                                        {cert_t_pgp, "PGP", "PGP certificate"},
+                                        {cert_t_url, "URL", "URL Private"},
+                                        {cert_t_oid, "OID", "OID Private"},
+                                        {0, NULL, NULL}};
+
+/*
+ * Names of RR types and qtypes.  Types and qtypes are the same, except
+ * that T_ANY is a qtype but not a type.  (You can ask for records of type
+ * T_ANY, but you can't have any records of that type in the database.)
+ */
+const struct res_sym __p_type_syms[] = {
+        {ns_t_a, "A", "address"},
+        {ns_t_ns, "NS", "name server"},
+        {ns_t_md, "MD", "mail destination (deprecated)"},
+        {ns_t_mf, "MF", "mail forwarder (deprecated)"},
+        {ns_t_cname, "CNAME", "canonical name"},
+        {ns_t_soa, "SOA", "start of authority"},
+        {ns_t_mb, "MB", "mailbox"},
+        {ns_t_mg, "MG", "mail group member"},
+        {ns_t_mr, "MR", "mail rename"},
+        {ns_t_null, "NULL", "null"},
+        {ns_t_wks, "WKS", "well-known service (deprecated)"},
+        {ns_t_ptr, "PTR", "domain name pointer"},
+        {ns_t_hinfo, "HINFO", "host information"},
+        {ns_t_minfo, "MINFO", "mailbox information"},
+        {ns_t_mx, "MX", "mail exchanger"},
+        {ns_t_txt, "TXT", "text"},
+        {ns_t_rp, "RP", "responsible person"},
+        {ns_t_afsdb, "AFSDB", "DCE or AFS server"},
+        {ns_t_x25, "X25", "X25 address"},
+        {ns_t_isdn, "ISDN", "ISDN address"},
+        {ns_t_rt, "RT", "router"},
+        {ns_t_nsap, "NSAP", "nsap address"},
+        {ns_t_nsap_ptr, "NSAP_PTR", "domain name pointer"},
+        {ns_t_sig, "SIG", "signature"},
+        {ns_t_key, "KEY", "key"},
+        {ns_t_px, "PX", "mapping information"},
+        {ns_t_gpos, "GPOS", "geographical position (withdrawn)"},
+        {ns_t_aaaa, "AAAA", "IPv6 address"},
+        {ns_t_loc, "LOC", "location"},
+        {ns_t_nxt, "NXT", "next valid name (unimplemented)"},
+        {ns_t_eid, "EID", "endpoint identifier (unimplemented)"},
+        {ns_t_nimloc, "NIMLOC", "NIMROD locator (unimplemented)"},
+        {ns_t_srv, "SRV", "server selection"},
+        {ns_t_atma, "ATMA", "ATM address (unimplemented)"},
+        {ns_t_naptr, "NAPTR", "naptr"},
+        {ns_t_kx, "KX", "key exchange"},
+        {ns_t_cert, "CERT", "certificate"},
+        {ns_t_a6, "A", "IPv6 address (experminental)"},
+        {ns_t_dname, "DNAME", "non-terminal redirection"},
+        {ns_t_opt, "OPT", "opt"},
+        {ns_t_apl, "apl", "apl"},
+        {ns_t_ds, "DS", "delegation signer"},
+        {ns_t_sshfp, "SSFP", "SSH fingerprint"},
+        {ns_t_ipseckey, "IPSECKEY", "IPSEC key"},
+        {ns_t_rrsig, "RRSIG", "rrsig"},
+        {ns_t_nsec, "NSEC", "nsec"},
+        {ns_t_dnskey, "DNSKEY", "DNS key"},
+        {ns_t_dhcid, "DHCID", "dynamic host configuration identifier"},
+        {ns_t_nsec3, "NSEC3", "nsec3"},
+        {ns_t_nsec3param, "NSEC3PARAM", "NSEC3 parameters"},
+        {ns_t_hip, "HIP", "host identity protocol"},
+        {ns_t_spf, "SPF", "sender policy framework"},
+        {ns_t_tkey, "TKEY", "tkey"},
+        {ns_t_tsig, "TSIG", "transaction signature"},
+        {ns_t_ixfr, "IXFR", "incremental zone transfer"},
+        {ns_t_axfr, "AXFR", "zone transfer"},
+        {ns_t_zxfr, "ZXFR", "compressed zone transfer"},
+        {ns_t_mailb, "MAILB", "mailbox-related data (deprecated)"},
+        {ns_t_maila, "MAILA", "mail agent (deprecated)"},
+        {ns_t_naptr, "NAPTR", "URN Naming Authority"},
+        {ns_t_kx, "KX", "Key Exchange"},
+        {ns_t_cert, "CERT", "Certificate"},
+        {ns_t_a6, "A6", "IPv6 Address"},
+        {ns_t_dname, "DNAME", "dname"},
+        {ns_t_sink, "SINK", "Kitchen Sink (experimental)"},
+        {ns_t_opt, "OPT", "EDNS Options"},
+        {ns_t_any, "ANY", "\"any\""},
+        {ns_t_dlv, "DLV", "DNSSEC look-aside validation"},
+        {0, NULL, NULL}};
+
+/*
+ * Names of DNS rcodes.
+ */
+const struct res_sym __p_rcode_syms[] = {{ns_r_noerror, "NOERROR", "no error"},
+                                         {ns_r_formerr, "FORMERR", "format error"},
+                                         {ns_r_servfail, "SERVFAIL", "server failed"},
+                                         {ns_r_nxdomain, "NXDOMAIN", "no such domain name"},
+                                         {ns_r_notimpl, "NOTIMP", "not implemented"},
+                                         {ns_r_refused, "REFUSED", "refused"},
+                                         {ns_r_yxdomain, "YXDOMAIN", "domain name exists"},
+                                         {ns_r_yxrrset, "YXRRSET", "rrset exists"},
+                                         {ns_r_nxrrset, "NXRRSET", "rrset doesn't exist"},
+                                         {ns_r_notauth, "NOTAUTH", "not authoritative"},
+                                         {ns_r_notzone, "NOTZONE", "Not in zone"},
+                                         {ns_r_max, "", ""},
+                                         {ns_r_badsig, "BADSIG", "bad signature"},
+                                         {ns_r_badkey, "BADKEY", "bad key"},
+                                         {ns_r_badtime, "BADTIME", "bad time"},
+                                         {0, NULL, NULL}};
+
+int sym_ston(const struct res_sym* syms, const char* name, int* success) {
+    for (; syms->name != 0; syms++) {
+        if (strcasecmp(name, syms->name) == 0) {
+            if (success) *success = 1;
+            return (syms->number);
+        }
+    }
+    if (success) *success = 0;
+    return (syms->number); /* The default value. */
+}
+
+const char* sym_ntos(const struct res_sym* syms, int number, int* success) {
+    static char unname[20];
+
+    for (; syms->name != 0; syms++) {
+        if (number == syms->number) {
+            if (success) *success = 1;
+            return (syms->name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    snprintf(unname, sizeof(unname), "%d", number); /* XXX nonreentrant */
+    if (success) *success = 0;
+    return (unname);
+}
+
+const char* sym_ntop(const struct res_sym* syms, int number, int* success) {
+    static char unname[20];
+
+    for (; syms->name != 0; syms++) {
+        if (number == syms->number) {
+            if (success) *success = 1;
+            return (syms->humanname);
+        }
+    }
+    snprintf(unname, sizeof(unname), "%d", number); /* XXX nonreentrant */
+    if (success) *success = 0;
+    return (unname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string for the type.
+ */
+const char* p_type(int type) {
+    int success;
+    const char* result;
+    static char typebuf[20];
+
+    result = sym_ntos(__p_type_syms, type, &success);
+    if (success) return (result);
+    if (type < 0 || type > 0xffff) return ("BADTYPE");
+    snprintf(typebuf, sizeof(typebuf), "TYPE%d", type);
+    return (typebuf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string for the type.
+ */
+const char* p_section(int section, int opcode) {
+    const struct res_sym* symbols;
+
+    switch (opcode) {
+        case ns_o_update:
+            symbols = __p_update_section_syms;
+            break;
+        default:
+            symbols = __p_default_section_syms;
+            break;
+    }
+    return (sym_ntos(symbols, section, (int*) 0));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a mnemonic for class.
+ */
+const char* p_class(int cl) {
+    int success;
+    const char* result;
+    static char classbuf[20];
+
+    result = sym_ntos(__p_class_syms, cl, &success);
+    if (success) return (result);
+    if (cl < 0 || cl > 0xffff) return ("BADCLASS");
+    snprintf(classbuf, sizeof(classbuf), "CLASS%d", cl);
+    return (classbuf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a mnemonic for an option
+ */
+const char* p_option(u_long option) {
+    static char nbuf[40];
+
+    switch (option) {
+        case RES_INIT:
+            return "init";
+        case RES_DEBUG:
+            return "debug";
+        case RES_AAONLY:
+            return "aaonly(unimpl)";
+        case RES_USEVC:
+            return "usevc";
+        case RES_PRIMARY:
+            return "primry(unimpl)";
+        case RES_IGNTC:
+            return "igntc";
+        case RES_RECURSE:
+            return "recurs";
+        case RES_DEFNAMES:
+            return "defnam";
+        case RES_STAYOPEN:
+            return "styopn";
+        case RES_DNSRCH:
+            return "dnsrch";
+        case RES_INSECURE1:
+            return "insecure1";
+        case RES_INSECURE2:
+            return "insecure2";
+        case RES_NOALIASES:
+            return "noaliases";
+        case RES_USE_INET6:
+            return "inet6";
+#ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0 /* KAME extension */
+        case RES_USE_EDNS0:
+            return "edns0";
+#endif
+#ifdef RES_USE_DNAME
+        case RES_USE_DNAME:
+            return "dname";
+#endif
+#ifdef RES_USE_DNSSEC
+        case RES_USE_DNSSEC:
+            return "dnssec";
+#endif
+#ifdef RES_NOTLDQUERY
+        case RES_NOTLDQUERY:
+            return "no-tld-query";
+#endif
+#ifdef RES_NO_NIBBLE2
+        case RES_NO_NIBBLE2:
+            return "no-nibble2";
+#endif
+            /* XXX nonreentrant */
+        default:
+            snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "?0x%lx?", (u_long) option);
+            return (nbuf);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a mnemonic for a time to live.
+ */
+const char* p_time(u_int32_t value) {
+    static char nbuf[40]; /* XXX nonreentrant */
+
+    if (ns_format_ttl((u_long) value, nbuf, sizeof nbuf) < 0)
+        snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%u", value);
+    return (nbuf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string for the rcode.
+ */
+const char* p_rcode(int rcode) {
+    return (sym_ntos(__p_rcode_syms, rcode, (int*) 0));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a string for a res_sockaddr_union.
+ */
+const char* p_sockun(union res_sockaddr_union u, char* buf, size_t size) {
+    char ret[sizeof "ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:123.123.123.123"];
+
+    switch (u.sin.sin_family) {
+        case AF_INET:
+            inet_ntop(AF_INET, &u.sin.sin_addr, ret, (socklen_t) sizeof ret);
+            break;
+        case AF_INET6:
+            inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &u.sin6.sin6_addr, ret, sizeof ret);
+            break;
+        default:
+            snprintf(ret, sizeof(ret), "[af%d]", u.sin.sin_family);
+            break;
+    }
+    if (size > 0U) {
+        strncpy(buf, ret, size - 1);
+        buf[size - 1] = '0';
+    }
+    return (buf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * routines to convert between on-the-wire RR format and zone file format.
+ * Does not contain conversion to/from decimal degrees; divide or multiply
+ * by 60*60*1000 for that.
+ */
+
+static const unsigned int poweroften[10] = {1,      10,      100,      1000,      10000,
+                                            100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000};
+
+/* takes an XeY precision/size value, returns a string representation. */
+static const char* precsize_ntoa(u_int32_t prec) {
+    static char retbuf[sizeof "90000000.00"]; /* XXX nonreentrant */
+    unsigned long val;
+    int mantissa, exponent;
+
+    mantissa = (int) ((prec >> 4) & 0x0f) % 10;
+    exponent = (int) ((prec >> 0) & 0x0f) % 10;
+
+    val = mantissa * poweroften[exponent];
+
+    (void) snprintf(retbuf, sizeof(retbuf), "%lu.%.2lu", val / 100, val % 100);
+    return (retbuf);
+}
+
+/* converts ascii size/precision X * 10**Y(cm) to 0xXY.  moves pointer. */
+static u_int8_t precsize_aton(const char** strptr) {
+    unsigned int mval = 0, cmval = 0;
+    u_int8_t retval = 0;
+    const char* cp;
+    int exponent;
+    int mantissa;
+
+    cp = *strptr;
+
+    while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) mval = mval * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');
+
+    if (*cp == '.') { /* centimeters */
+        cp++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+            cmval = (*cp++ - '0') * 10;
+            if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+                cmval += (*cp++ - '0');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    cmval = (mval * 100) + cmval;
+
+    for (exponent = 0; exponent < 9; exponent++)
+        if (cmval < poweroften[exponent + 1]) break;
+
+    mantissa = cmval / poweroften[exponent];
+    if (mantissa > 9) mantissa = 9;
+
+    retval = (mantissa << 4) | exponent;
+
+    *strptr = cp;
+
+    return (retval);
+}
+
+/* converts ascii lat/lon to unsigned encoded 32-bit number.  moves pointer. */
+static u_int32_t latlon2ul(const char** latlonstrptr, int* which) {
+    const char* cp;
+    u_int32_t retval;
+    int deg = 0, min = 0, secs = 0, secsfrac = 0;
+
+    cp = *latlonstrptr;
+
+    while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) deg = deg * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp)) cp++;
+
+    if (!(isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))) goto fndhemi;
+
+    while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) min = min * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp)) cp++;
+
+    if (!(isdigit((unsigned char) *cp))) goto fndhemi;
+
+    while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) secs = secs * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');
+
+    if (*cp == '.') { /* decimal seconds */
+        cp++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+            secsfrac = (*cp++ - '0') * 100;
+            if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+                secsfrac += (*cp++ - '0') * 10;
+                if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+                    secsfrac += (*cp++ - '0');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    while (!isspace((unsigned char) *cp)) /* if any trailing garbage */
+        cp++;
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp)) cp++;
+
+fndhemi:
+    switch (*cp) {
+        case 'N':
+        case 'n':
+        case 'E':
+        case 'e':
+            retval = ((unsigned) 1 << 31) + (((((deg * 60) + min) * 60) + secs) * 1000) + secsfrac;
+            break;
+        case 'S':
+        case 's':
+        case 'W':
+        case 'w':
+            retval = ((unsigned) 1 << 31) - (((((deg * 60) + min) * 60) + secs) * 1000) - secsfrac;
+            break;
+        default:
+            retval = 0; /* invalid value -- indicates error */
+            break;
+    }
+
+    switch (*cp) {
+        case 'N':
+        case 'n':
+        case 'S':
+        case 's':
+            *which = 1; /* latitude */
+            break;
+        case 'E':
+        case 'e':
+        case 'W':
+        case 'w':
+            *which = 2; /* longitude */
+            break;
+        default:
+            *which = 0; /* error */
+            break;
+    }
+
+    cp++; /* skip the hemisphere */
+
+    while (!isspace((unsigned char) *cp)) /* if any trailing garbage */
+        cp++;
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp)) /* move to next field */
+        cp++;
+
+    *latlonstrptr = cp;
+
+    return (retval);
+}
+
+/* converts a zone file representation in a string to an RDATA on-the-wire
+ * representation. */
+int loc_aton(const char* ascii, u_char* binary) {
+    const char *cp, *maxcp;
+    u_char* bcp;
+
+    u_int32_t latit = 0, longit = 0, alt = 0;
+    u_int32_t lltemp1 = 0, lltemp2 = 0;
+    int altmeters = 0, altfrac = 0, altsign = 1;
+    u_int8_t hp = 0x16;  /* default = 1e6 cm = 10000.00m = 10km */
+    u_int8_t vp = 0x13;  /* default = 1e3 cm = 10.00m */
+    u_int8_t siz = 0x12; /* default = 1e2 cm = 1.00m */
+    int which1 = 0, which2 = 0;
+
+    cp = ascii;
+    maxcp = cp + strlen(ascii);
+
+    lltemp1 = latlon2ul(&cp, &which1);
+
+    lltemp2 = latlon2ul(&cp, &which2);
+
+    switch (which1 + which2) {
+        case 3:                                   /* 1 + 2, the only valid combination */
+            if ((which1 == 1) && (which2 == 2)) { /* normal case */
+                latit = lltemp1;
+                longit = lltemp2;
+            } else if ((which1 == 2) && (which2 == 1)) { /* reversed */
+                longit = lltemp1;
+                latit = lltemp2;
+            } else { /* some kind of brokenness */
+                return (0);
+            }
+            break;
+        default: /* we didn't get one of each */
+            return (0);
+    }
+
+    /* altitude */
+    if (*cp == '-') {
+        altsign = -1;
+        cp++;
+    }
+
+    if (*cp == '+') cp++;
+
+    while (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) altmeters = altmeters * 10 + (*cp++ - '0');
+
+    if (*cp == '.') { /* decimal meters */
+        cp++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+            altfrac = (*cp++ - '0') * 10;
+            if (isdigit((unsigned char) *cp)) {
+                altfrac += (*cp++ - '0');
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    alt = (10000000 + (altsign * (altmeters * 100 + altfrac)));
+
+    while (!isspace((unsigned char) *cp) && (cp < maxcp)) /* if trailing garbage or m */
+        cp++;
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp) && (cp < maxcp)) cp++;
+
+    if (cp >= maxcp) goto defaults;
+
+    siz = precsize_aton(&cp);
+
+    while (!isspace((unsigned char) *cp) && (cp < maxcp)) /* if trailing garbage or m */
+        cp++;
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp) && (cp < maxcp)) cp++;
+
+    if (cp >= maxcp) goto defaults;
+
+    hp = precsize_aton(&cp);
+
+    while (!isspace((unsigned char) *cp) && (cp < maxcp)) /* if trailing garbage or m */
+        cp++;
+
+    while (isspace((unsigned char) *cp) && (cp < maxcp)) cp++;
+
+    if (cp >= maxcp) goto defaults;
+
+    vp = precsize_aton(&cp);
+
+defaults:
+
+    bcp = binary;
+    *bcp++ = (u_int8_t) 0; /* version byte */
+    *bcp++ = siz;
+    *bcp++ = hp;
+    *bcp++ = vp;
+    PUTLONG(latit, bcp);
+    PUTLONG(longit, bcp);
+    PUTLONG(alt, bcp);
+
+    return (16); /* size of RR in octets */
+}
+
+/* takes an on-the-wire LOC RR and formats it in a human readable format. */
+const char* loc_ntoa(const u_char* binary, char* ascii, size_t bufsiz) {
+    static const char* error = "?";
+    static char tmpbuf[sizeof
+"1000 60 60.000 N 1000 60 60.000 W -12345678.00m 90000000.00m 90000000.00m 90000000.00m"];
+    const u_char* cp = binary;
+
+    int latdeg, latmin, latsec, latsecfrac;
+    int longdeg, longmin, longsec, longsecfrac;
+    char northsouth, eastwest;
+    const char* altsign;
+    int altmeters, altfrac;
+
+    const u_int32_t referencealt = 100000 * 100;
+
+    int32_t latval, longval, altval;
+    u_int32_t templ;
+    u_int8_t sizeval, hpval, vpval, versionval;
+
+    char *sizestr, *hpstr, *vpstr;
+
+    versionval = *cp++;
+
+    if (ascii == NULL) ascii = tmpbuf;
+
+    if (versionval) {
+        (void) snprintf(ascii, bufsiz, "; error: unknown LOC RR version");
+        return (ascii);
+    }
+
+    sizeval = *cp++;
+
+    hpval = *cp++;
+    vpval = *cp++;
+
+    GETLONG(templ, cp);
+    latval = (templ - ((unsigned) 1 << 31));
+
+    GETLONG(templ, cp);
+    longval = (templ - ((unsigned) 1 << 31));
+
+    GETLONG(templ, cp);
+    if (templ < referencealt) { /* below WGS 84 spheroid */
+        altval = referencealt - templ;
+        altsign = "-";
+    } else {
+        altval = templ - referencealt;
+        altsign = "";
+    }
+
+    if (latval < 0) {
+        northsouth = 'S';
+        latval = -latval;
+    } else
+        northsouth = 'N';
+
+    latsecfrac = latval % 1000;
+    latval = latval / 1000;
+    latsec = latval % 60;
+    latval = latval / 60;
+    latmin = latval % 60;
+    latval = latval / 60;
+    latdeg = latval;
+
+    if (longval < 0) {
+        eastwest = 'W';
+        longval = -longval;
+    } else
+        eastwest = 'E';
+
+    longsecfrac = longval % 1000;
+    longval = longval / 1000;
+    longsec = longval % 60;
+    longval = longval / 60;
+    longmin = longval % 60;
+    longval = longval / 60;
+    longdeg = longval;
+
+    altfrac = altval % 100;
+    altmeters = (altval / 100);
+
+    sizestr = strdup(precsize_ntoa((u_int32_t) sizeval));
+    hpstr = strdup(precsize_ntoa((u_int32_t) hpval));
+    vpstr = strdup(precsize_ntoa((u_int32_t) vpval));
+
+    snprintf(ascii, bufsiz, "%d %.2d %.2d.%.3d %c %d %.2d %.2d.%.3d %c %s%d.%.2dm %sm %sm %sm",
+             latdeg, latmin, latsec, latsecfrac, northsouth, longdeg, longmin, longsec, longsecfrac,
+             eastwest, altsign, altmeters, altfrac, (sizestr != NULL) ? sizestr : error,
+             (hpstr != NULL) ? hpstr : error, (vpstr != NULL) ? vpstr : error);
+
+    free(sizestr);
+    free(hpstr);
+    free(vpstr);
+
+    return (ascii);
+}
+
+/* Return the number of DNS hierarchy levels in the name. */
+int dn_count_labels(const char* name) {
+    size_t len, i, count;
+
+    len = strlen(name);
+    for (i = 0, count = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        /* XXX need to check for \. or use named's nlabels(). */
+        if (name[i] == '.') count++;
+    }
+
+    /* don't count initial wildcard */
+    if (name[0] == '*')
+        if (count) count--;
+
+    /* don't count the null label for root. */
+    /* if terminating '.' not found, must adjust */
+    /* count to include last label */
+    if (len > 0 && name[len - 1] != '.') count++;
+    _DIAGASSERT(__type_fit(int, count));
+    return (int) count;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make dates expressed in seconds-since-Jan-1-1970 easy to read.
+ * SIG records are required to be printed like this, by the Secure DNS RFC.
+ */
+char* p_secstodate(u_long secs) {
+    /* XXX nonreentrant */
+    static char output[15]; /* YYYYMMDDHHMMSS and null */
+    time_t myclock = secs;
+    struct tm* mytime;
+#ifdef HAVE_TIME_R
+    struct tm res;
+
+    mytime = gmtime_r(&myclock, &res);
+#else
+    mytime = gmtime(&myclock);
+#endif
+    mytime->tm_year += 1900;
+    mytime->tm_mon += 1;
+    snprintf(output, sizeof(output), "%04d%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d", mytime->tm_year, mytime->tm_mon,
+             mytime->tm_mday, mytime->tm_hour, mytime->tm_min, mytime->tm_sec);
+    return (output);
+}
+
+u_int16_t res_nametoclass(const char* buf, int* successp) {
+    unsigned long result;
+    char* endptr;
+    int success;
+
+    result = sym_ston(__p_class_syms, buf, &success);
+    if (success) goto done;
+
+    if (strncasecmp(buf, "CLASS", 5) != 0 || !isdigit((unsigned char) buf[5])) goto done;
+    errno = 0;
+    result = strtoul(buf + 5, &endptr, 10);
+    if (errno == 0 && *endptr == '\0' && result <= 0xffffU) success = 1;
+done:
+    if (successp) *successp = success;
+    return (u_int16_t)(result);
+}
+
+u_int16_t res_nametotype(const char* buf, int* successp) {
+    unsigned long result;
+    char* endptr;
+    int success;
+
+    result = sym_ston(__p_type_syms, buf, &success);
+    if (success) goto done;
+
+    if (strncasecmp(buf, "type", 4) != 0 || !isdigit((unsigned char) buf[4])) goto done;
+    errno = 0;
+    result = strtoul(buf + 4, &endptr, 10);
+    if (errno == 0 && *endptr == '\0' && result <= 0xffffU) success = 1;
+done:
+    if (successp) *successp = success;
+    return (u_int16_t)(result);
+}