Minimal changes to bring the resolver into the C++ era

It took surprisingly few changes, considering the leap from C with some
K&R constructs to C++17; most of the diffs are adding explicit pointer
casts and renaming variables called 'class' or 'try'.

As a result of building as C++, some of the names are now mangled,
making clashes with bionic harder. However, some names remain C due to
the __BEGIN_DECLS / __END_DECLS macros, scheduled to be removed in a
later cleanup pass.

Test: atest netd_integration_test

Change-Id: I3aefb9078421ec42f98f97d917785b365545feba
diff --git a/resolv/res_query.cpp b/resolv/res_query.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a0ce82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/resolv/res_query.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: res_query.c,v 1.7 2006/01/24 17:41:25 christos Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1988, 1993
+ *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+ *    must display the following acknowledgement:
+ * 	This product includes software developed by the University of
+ * 	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+ * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
+ *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *    without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+ * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+ * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+ * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+ * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1993 by Digital Equipment Corporation.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies, and that
+ * the name of Digital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or
+ * publicity pertaining to distribution of the document or software without
+ * specific, written prior permission.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP. DISCLAIMS ALL
+ * WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.   IN NO EVENT SHALL DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
+ * CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR
+ * PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
+ * ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2004 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-1999 by Internet Software Consortium.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.  IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
+ * OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <arpa/nameser.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include "resolv_cache.h"
+#include "resolv_private.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+/* Options.  Leave them on. */
+#ifndef DEBUG
+#define DEBUG
+#endif
+
+#if PACKETSZ > 1024
+#define MAXPACKET PACKETSZ
+#else
+#define MAXPACKET 1024
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Formulate a normal query, send, and await answer.
+ * Returned answer is placed in supplied buffer "answer".
+ * Perform preliminary check of answer, returning success only
+ * if no error is indicated and the answer count is nonzero.
+ * Return the size of the response on success, -1 on error.
+ * Error number is left in H_ERRNO.
+ *
+ * Caller must parse answer and determine whether it answers the question.
+ */
+int res_nquery(res_state statp, const char* name, // domain name
+               int cl, int type,                  // class and type of query
+               u_char* answer,                    // buffer to put answer
+               int anslen)                        // size of answer buffer
+{
+    u_char buf[MAXPACKET];
+    HEADER* hp = (HEADER*) (void*) answer;
+    int n;
+    u_int oflags;
+
+    oflags = statp->_flags;
+
+again:
+    hp->rcode = NOERROR; /* default */
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_query(%s, %d, %d)\n", name, cl, type);
+#endif
+
+    n = res_nmkquery(statp, QUERY, name, cl, type, NULL, 0, NULL, buf, sizeof(buf));
+#ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
+    if (n > 0 && (statp->_flags & RES_F_EDNS0ERR) == 0 &&
+        (statp->options & (RES_USE_EDNS0 | RES_USE_DNSSEC)) != 0U)
+        n = res_nopt(statp, n, buf, sizeof(buf), anslen);
+#endif
+    if (n <= 0) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_query: mkquery failed\n");
+#endif
+        RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
+        return n;
+    }
+    n = res_nsend(statp, buf, n, answer, anslen);
+    if (n < 0) {
+#ifdef RES_USE_EDNS0
+        /* if the query choked with EDNS0, retry without EDNS0 */
+        if ((statp->options & (RES_USE_EDNS0 | RES_USE_DNSSEC)) != 0U &&
+            ((oflags ^ statp->_flags) & RES_F_EDNS0ERR) != 0) {
+            statp->_flags |= RES_F_EDNS0ERR;
+            if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_nquery: retry without EDNS0\n");
+            goto again;
+        }
+#endif
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG) printf(";; res_query: send error\n");
+#endif
+        RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
+        return n;
+    }
+
+    if (hp->rcode != NOERROR || ntohs(hp->ancount) == 0) {
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
+            printf(";; rcode = (%s), counts = an:%d ns:%d ar:%d\n", p_rcode(hp->rcode),
+                   ntohs(hp->ancount), ntohs(hp->nscount), ntohs(hp->arcount));
+#endif
+        switch (hp->rcode) {
+            case NXDOMAIN:
+                RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, HOST_NOT_FOUND);
+                break;
+            case SERVFAIL:
+                RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
+                break;
+            case NOERROR:
+                RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_DATA);
+                break;
+            case FORMERR:
+            case NOTIMP:
+            case REFUSED:
+            default:
+                RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
+                break;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return n;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Formulate a normal query, send, and retrieve answer in supplied buffer.
+ * Return the size of the response on success, -1 on error.
+ * If enabled, implement search rules until answer or unrecoverable failure
+ * is detected.  Error code, if any, is left in H_ERRNO.
+ */
+int res_nsearch(res_state statp, const char* name, /* domain name */
+                int cl, int type,                  /* class and type of query */
+                u_char* answer,                    /* buffer to put answer */
+                int anslen)                        /* size of answer */
+{
+    const char *cp, *const *domain;
+    HEADER* hp = (HEADER*) (void*) answer;
+    char tmp[NS_MAXDNAME];
+    u_int dots;
+    int trailing_dot, ret, saved_herrno;
+    int got_nodata = 0, got_servfail = 0, root_on_list = 0;
+    int tried_as_is = 0;
+    int searched = 0;
+
+    errno = 0;
+    RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, HOST_NOT_FOUND); /* True if we never query. */
+
+    dots = 0;
+    for (cp = name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) dots += (*cp == '.');
+    trailing_dot = 0;
+    if (cp > name && *--cp == '.') trailing_dot++;
+
+    /* If there aren't any dots, it could be a user-level alias. */
+    if (!dots && (cp = res_hostalias(statp, name, tmp, sizeof tmp)) != NULL)
+        return res_nquery(statp, cp, cl, type, answer, anslen);
+
+    /*
+     * If there are enough dots in the name, let's just give it a
+     * try 'as is'. The threshold can be set with the "ndots" option.
+     * Also, query 'as is', if there is a trailing dot in the name.
+     */
+    saved_herrno = -1;
+    if (dots >= statp->ndots || trailing_dot) {
+        ret = res_nquerydomain(statp, name, NULL, cl, type, answer, anslen);
+        if (ret > 0 || trailing_dot) return ret;
+        saved_herrno = statp->res_h_errno;
+        tried_as_is++;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * We do at least one level of search if
+     *	- there is no dot and RES_DEFNAME is set, or
+     *	- there is at least one dot, there is no trailing dot,
+     *	  and RES_DNSRCH is set.
+     */
+    if ((!dots && (statp->options & RES_DEFNAMES) != 0U) ||
+        (dots && !trailing_dot && (statp->options & RES_DNSRCH) != 0U)) {
+        int done = 0;
+
+        /* Unfortunately we need to load network-specific info
+         * (dns servers, search domains) before
+         * the domain stuff is tried.  Will have a better
+         * fix after thread pools are used as this will
+         * be loaded once for the thread instead of each
+         * time a query is tried.
+         */
+        _resolv_populate_res_for_net(statp);
+
+        for (domain = (const char* const*) statp->dnsrch; *domain && !done; domain++) {
+            searched = 1;
+
+            if (domain[0][0] == '\0' || (domain[0][0] == '.' && domain[0][1] == '\0'))
+                root_on_list++;
+
+            ret = res_nquerydomain(statp, name, *domain, cl, type, answer, anslen);
+            if (ret > 0) return ret;
+
+            /*
+             * If no server present, give up.
+             * If name isn't found in this domain,
+             * keep trying higher domains in the search list
+             * (if that's enabled).
+             * On a NO_DATA error, keep trying, otherwise
+             * a wildcard entry of another type could keep us
+             * from finding this entry higher in the domain.
+             * If we get some other error (negative answer or
+             * server failure), then stop searching up,
+             * but try the input name below in case it's
+             * fully-qualified.
+             */
+            if (errno == ECONNREFUSED) {
+                RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            switch (statp->res_h_errno) {
+                case NO_DATA:
+                    got_nodata++;
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                case HOST_NOT_FOUND:
+                    /* keep trying */
+                    break;
+                case TRY_AGAIN:
+                    if (hp->rcode == SERVFAIL) {
+                        /* try next search element, if any */
+                        got_servfail++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                default:
+                    /* anything else implies that we're done */
+                    done++;
+            }
+
+            /* if we got here for some reason other than DNSRCH,
+             * we only wanted one iteration of the loop, so stop.
+             */
+            if ((statp->options & RES_DNSRCH) == 0U) done++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the query has not already been tried as is then try it
+     * unless RES_NOTLDQUERY is set and there were no dots.
+     */
+    if ((dots || !searched || (statp->options & RES_NOTLDQUERY) == 0U) &&
+        !(tried_as_is || root_on_list)) {
+        ret = res_nquerydomain(statp, name, NULL, cl, type, answer, anslen);
+        if (ret > 0) return ret;
+    }
+
+    /* if we got here, we didn't satisfy the search.
+     * if we did an initial full query, return that query's H_ERRNO
+     * (note that we wouldn't be here if that query had succeeded).
+     * else if we ever got a nodata, send that back as the reason.
+     * else send back meaningless H_ERRNO, that being the one from
+     * the last DNSRCH we did.
+     */
+    if (saved_herrno != -1)
+        RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, saved_herrno);
+    else if (got_nodata)
+        RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_DATA);
+    else if (got_servfail)
+        RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, TRY_AGAIN);
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Perform a call on res_query on the concatenation of name and domain,
+ * removing a trailing dot from name if domain is NULL.
+ */
+int res_nquerydomain(res_state statp, const char* name, const char* domain,
+                     int cl, int type,  /* class and type of query */
+                     u_char* answer,    /* buffer to put answer */
+                     int anslen)        /* size of answer */
+{
+    char nbuf[MAXDNAME];
+    const char* longname = nbuf;
+    int n, d;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if (statp->options & RES_DEBUG)
+        printf(";; res_nquerydomain(%s, %s, %d, %d)\n", name, domain ? domain : "<Nil>", cl,
+               type);
+#endif
+    if (domain == NULL) {
+        /*
+         * Check for trailing '.';
+         * copy without '.' if present.
+         */
+        n = strlen(name);
+        if (n >= MAXDNAME) {
+            RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        n--;
+        if (n >= 0 && name[n] == '.') {
+            strncpy(nbuf, name, (size_t) n);
+            nbuf[n] = '\0';
+        } else
+            longname = name;
+    } else {
+        n = strlen(name);
+        d = strlen(domain);
+        if (n + d + 1 >= MAXDNAME) {
+            RES_SET_H_ERRNO(statp, NO_RECOVERY);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%s.%s", name, domain);
+    }
+    return res_nquery(statp, longname, cl, type, answer, anslen);
+}
+
+const char* res_hostalias(const res_state /*statp*/, const char* /*name*/, char* /*dst*/,
+                          size_t /*siz*/) {
+    return NULL;
+}