delta_performer.cc

// Copyright (c) 2010 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include "update_engine/delta_performer.h"

#include <endian.h>
#include <errno.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include <base/scoped_ptr.h>
#include <base/string_util.h>
#include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>

#include "update_engine/bzip_extent_writer.h"
#include "update_engine/delta_diff_generator.h"
#include "update_engine/extent_writer.h"
#include "update_engine/graph_types.h"
#include "update_engine/payload_signer.h"
#include "update_engine/subprocess.h"

using std::min;
using std::string;
using std::vector;
using google::protobuf::RepeatedPtrField;

namespace chromeos_update_engine {

namespace {

const int kDeltaVersionLength = 8;
const int kDeltaProtobufLengthLength = 8;
const char kUpdatePayloadPublicKeyPath[] =
    "/usr/share/update_engine/update-payload-key.pub.pem";

// Converts extents to a human-readable string, for use by DumpUpdateProto().
string ExtentsToString(const RepeatedPtrField<Extent>& extents) {
  string ret;
  for (int i = 0; i < extents.size(); i++) {
    const Extent& extent = extents.Get(i);
    if (extent.start_block() == kSparseHole) {
      ret += StringPrintf("{kSparseHole, %" PRIu64 "}, ", extent.num_blocks());
    } else {
      ret += StringPrintf("{%" PRIu64 ", %" PRIu64 "}, ",
                          extent.start_block(), extent.num_blocks());
    }
  }
  if (!ret.empty()) {
    DCHECK_GT(ret.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
    ret.resize(ret.size() - 2);
  }
  return ret;
}

// LOGs a DeltaArchiveManifest object. Useful for debugging.
void DumpUpdateProto(const DeltaArchiveManifest& manifest) {
  LOG(INFO) << "Update Proto:";
  LOG(INFO) << "  block_size: " << manifest.block_size();
  for (int i = 0; i < (manifest.install_operations_size() +
                       manifest.kernel_install_operations_size()); i++) {
    const DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation& op =
        i < manifest.install_operations_size() ?
        manifest.install_operations(i) :
        manifest.kernel_install_operations(
            i - manifest.install_operations_size());
    if (i == 0)
      LOG(INFO) << "  Rootfs ops:";
    else if (i == manifest.install_operations_size())
      LOG(INFO) << "   Kernel ops:";
    LOG(INFO) << "  operation(" << i << ")";
    LOG(INFO) << "    type: "
              << DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_Name(op.type());
    if (op.has_data_offset())
      LOG(INFO) << "    data_offset: " << op.data_offset();
    if (op.has_data_length())
      LOG(INFO) << "    data_length: " << op.data_length();
    LOG(INFO) << "    src_extents: " << ExtentsToString(op.src_extents());
    if (op.has_src_length())
      LOG(INFO) << "    src_length: " << op.src_length();
    LOG(INFO) << "    dst_extents: " << ExtentsToString(op.dst_extents());
    if (op.has_dst_length())
      LOG(INFO) << "    dst_length: " << op.dst_length();
  }
}

// Opens path for read/write, put the fd into *fd. On success returns true
// and sets *err to 0. On failure, returns false and sets *err to errno.
bool OpenFile(const char* path, int* fd, int* err) {
  if (*fd != -1) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Can't open(" << path << "), *fd != -1 (it's " << *fd << ")";
    *err = EINVAL;
    return false;
  }
  *fd = open(path, O_RDWR, 000);
  if (*fd < 0) {
    *err = errno;
    PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open file " << path;
    return false;
  }
  *err = 0;
  return true;
}

}  // namespace {}

int DeltaPerformer::Open(const char* path, int flags, mode_t mode) {
  int err;
  if (OpenFile(path, &fd_, &err))
    path_ = path;
  return -err;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::OpenKernel(const char* kernel_path) {
  int err;
  bool success = OpenFile(kernel_path, &kernel_fd_, &err);
  if (success)
    kernel_path_ = kernel_path;
  return success;
}

int DeltaPerformer::Close() {
  if (!buffer_.empty()) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Called Close() while buffer not empty!";
    return -1;
  }
  int err = 0;
  if (close(kernel_fd_) == -1) {
    err = errno;
    PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to close kernel fd:";
  }
  if (close(fd_) == -1) {
    err = errno;
    PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to close rootfs fd:";
  }
  LOG_IF(ERROR, !hash_calculator_.Finalize()) << "Unable to finalize the hash.";
  fd_ = -2;  // Set so that isn't not valid AND calls to Open() will fail.
  path_ = "";
  return -err;
}

// Wrapper around write. Returns bytes written on success or
// -errno on error.
// This function performs as many actions as it can, given the amount of
// data received thus far.
ssize_t DeltaPerformer::Write(const void* bytes, size_t count) {
  const char* c_bytes = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(bytes);
  buffer_.insert(buffer_.end(), c_bytes, c_bytes + count);

  if (!manifest_valid_) {
    // See if we have enough bytes for the manifest yet
    if (buffer_.size() < strlen(kDeltaMagic) +
        kDeltaVersionLength + kDeltaProtobufLengthLength) {
      // Don't have enough bytes to even know the protobuf length
      return count;
    }
    uint64_t protobuf_length;
    COMPILE_ASSERT(sizeof(protobuf_length) == kDeltaProtobufLengthLength,
                   protobuf_length_size_mismatch);
    memcpy(&protobuf_length,
           &buffer_[strlen(kDeltaMagic) + kDeltaVersionLength],
           kDeltaProtobufLengthLength);
    protobuf_length = be64toh(protobuf_length);  // switch big endian to host
    if (buffer_.size() < strlen(kDeltaMagic) + kDeltaVersionLength +
        kDeltaProtobufLengthLength + protobuf_length) {
      return count;
    }
    // We have the full proto buffer in buffer_. Parse it.
    const int offset = strlen(kDeltaMagic) + kDeltaVersionLength +
        kDeltaProtobufLengthLength;
    if (!manifest_.ParseFromArray(&buffer_[offset], protobuf_length)) {
      LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to parse manifest in update file.";
      return -EINVAL;
    }
    // Remove protobuf and header info from buffer_, so buffer_ contains
    // just data blobs
    DiscardBufferHeadBytes(strlen(kDeltaMagic) +
                           kDeltaVersionLength +
                           kDeltaProtobufLengthLength + protobuf_length,
                           true);  // do_hash
    manifest_valid_ = true;
    block_size_ = manifest_.block_size();
  }
  ssize_t total_operations = manifest_.install_operations_size() +
      manifest_.kernel_install_operations_size();
  while (next_operation_num_ < total_operations) {
    const DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation &op =
        next_operation_num_ < manifest_.install_operations_size() ?
        manifest_.install_operations(next_operation_num_) :
        manifest_.kernel_install_operations(
            next_operation_num_ - manifest_.install_operations_size());
    if (!CanPerformInstallOperation(op))
      break;
    // Log every thousandth operation, and also the first and last ones
    if ((next_operation_num_ % 1000 == 0) ||
        (next_operation_num_ + 1 == total_operations)) {
      LOG(INFO) << "Performing operation " << (next_operation_num_ + 1) << "/"
                << total_operations;
    }
    bool is_kernel_partition =
        (next_operation_num_ >= manifest_.install_operations_size());
    if (op.type() == DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE ||
        op.type() == DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE_BZ) {
      if (!PerformReplaceOperation(op, is_kernel_partition)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to perform replace operation "
                   << next_operation_num_;
        return -EINVAL;
      }
    } else if (op.type() == DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_MOVE) {
      if (!PerformMoveOperation(op, is_kernel_partition)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to perform move operation "
                   << next_operation_num_;
        return -EINVAL;
      }
    } else if (op.type() == DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_BSDIFF) {
      if (!PerformBsdiffOperation(op, is_kernel_partition)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to perform bsdiff operation "
                   << next_operation_num_;
        return -EINVAL;
      }
    }
    next_operation_num_++;
  }
  return count;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::CanPerformInstallOperation(
    const chromeos_update_engine::DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation&
    operation) {
  // Move operations don't require any data blob, so they can always
  // be performed
  if (operation.type() == DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_MOVE)
    return true;

  // See if we have the entire data blob in the buffer
  if (operation.data_offset() < buffer_offset_) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "we threw away data it seems?";
    return false;
  }

  return (operation.data_offset() + operation.data_length()) <=
      (buffer_offset_ + buffer_.size());
}

bool DeltaPerformer::PerformReplaceOperation(
    const DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation& operation,
    bool is_kernel_partition) {
  CHECK(operation.type() == \
        DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE || \
        operation.type() == \
        DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE_BZ);

  // Since we delete data off the beginning of the buffer as we use it,
  // the data we need should be exactly at the beginning of the buffer.
  CHECK_EQ(buffer_offset_, operation.data_offset());
  CHECK_GE(buffer_.size(), operation.data_length());

  // Don't include the signature data blob in the hash.
  bool do_hash = !ExtractSignatureMessage(operation);

  DirectExtentWriter direct_writer;
  ZeroPadExtentWriter zero_pad_writer(&direct_writer);
  scoped_ptr<BzipExtentWriter> bzip_writer;

  // Since bzip decompression is optional, we have a variable writer that will
  // point to one of the ExtentWriter objects above.
  ExtentWriter* writer = NULL;
  if (operation.type() == DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE) {
    writer = &zero_pad_writer;
  } else if (operation.type() ==
             DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE_BZ) {
    bzip_writer.reset(new BzipExtentWriter(&zero_pad_writer));
    writer = bzip_writer.get();
  } else {
    NOTREACHED();
  }

  // Create a vector of extents to pass to the ExtentWriter.
  vector<Extent> extents;
  for (int i = 0; i < operation.dst_extents_size(); i++) {
    extents.push_back(operation.dst_extents(i));
  }

  int fd = is_kernel_partition ? kernel_fd_ : fd_;

  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(writer->Init(fd, extents, block_size_));
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(writer->Write(&buffer_[0], operation.data_length()));
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(writer->End());

  // Update buffer
  buffer_offset_ += operation.data_length();
  DiscardBufferHeadBytes(operation.data_length(), do_hash);
  return true;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::PerformMoveOperation(
    const DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation& operation,
    bool is_kernel_partition) {
  // Calculate buffer size. Note, this function doesn't do a sliding
  // window to copy in case the source and destination blocks overlap.
  // If we wanted to do a sliding window, we could program the server
  // to generate deltas that effectively did a sliding window.

  uint64_t blocks_to_read = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < operation.src_extents_size(); i++)
    blocks_to_read += operation.src_extents(i).num_blocks();

  uint64_t blocks_to_write = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < operation.dst_extents_size(); i++)
    blocks_to_write += operation.dst_extents(i).num_blocks();

  DCHECK_EQ(blocks_to_write, blocks_to_read);
  vector<char> buf(blocks_to_write * block_size_);

  int fd = is_kernel_partition ? kernel_fd_ : fd_;

  // Read in bytes.
  ssize_t bytes_read = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < operation.src_extents_size(); i++) {
    ssize_t bytes_read_this_iteration = 0;
    const Extent& extent = operation.src_extents(i);
    TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(utils::PReadAll(fd,
                                          &buf[bytes_read],
                                          extent.num_blocks() * block_size_,
                                          extent.start_block() * block_size_,
                                          &bytes_read_this_iteration));
    TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(
        bytes_read_this_iteration ==
        static_cast<ssize_t>(extent.num_blocks() * block_size_));
    bytes_read += bytes_read_this_iteration;
  }

  // Write bytes out.
  ssize_t bytes_written = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < operation.dst_extents_size(); i++) {
    const Extent& extent = operation.dst_extents(i);
    TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(utils::PWriteAll(fd,
                                           &buf[bytes_written],
                                           extent.num_blocks() * block_size_,
                                           extent.start_block() * block_size_));
    bytes_written += extent.num_blocks() * block_size_;
  }
  DCHECK_EQ(bytes_written, bytes_read);
  DCHECK_EQ(bytes_written, static_cast<ssize_t>(buf.size()));
  return true;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::ExtentsToBsdiffPositionsString(
    const RepeatedPtrField<Extent>& extents,
    uint64_t block_size,
    uint64_t full_length,
    string* positions_string) {
  string ret;
  uint64_t length = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < extents.size(); i++) {
    Extent extent = extents.Get(i);
    int64_t start = extent.start_block();
    uint64_t this_length = min(full_length - length,
                               extent.num_blocks() * block_size);
    if (start == static_cast<int64_t>(kSparseHole))
      start = -1;
    else
      start *= block_size;
    ret += StringPrintf("%" PRIi64 ":%" PRIu64 ",", start, this_length);
    length += this_length;
  }
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(length == full_length);
  if (!ret.empty())
    ret.resize(ret.size() - 1);  // Strip trailing comma off
  *positions_string = ret;
  return true;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::PerformBsdiffOperation(
    const DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation& operation,
    bool is_kernel_partition) {
  // Since we delete data off the beginning of the buffer as we use it,
  // the data we need should be exactly at the beginning of the buffer.
  CHECK_EQ(buffer_offset_, operation.data_offset());
  CHECK_GE(buffer_.size(), operation.data_length());

  string input_positions;
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(ExtentsToBsdiffPositionsString(operation.src_extents(),
                                                       block_size_,
                                                       operation.src_length(),
                                                       &input_positions));
  string output_positions;
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(ExtentsToBsdiffPositionsString(operation.dst_extents(),
                                                       block_size_,
                                                       operation.dst_length(),
                                                       &output_positions));

  string temp_filename;
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(utils::MakeTempFile("/tmp/au_patch.XXXXXX",
                                            &temp_filename,
                                            NULL));
  ScopedPathUnlinker path_unlinker(temp_filename);
  {
    int fd = open(temp_filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
    ScopedFdCloser fd_closer(&fd);
    TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(
        utils::WriteAll(fd, &buffer_[0], operation.data_length()));
  }

  int fd = is_kernel_partition ? kernel_fd_ : fd_;
  const string& path = is_kernel_partition ? kernel_path_ : path_;

  vector<string> cmd;
  cmd.push_back(kBspatchPath);
  cmd.push_back(path);
  cmd.push_back(path);
  cmd.push_back(temp_filename);
  cmd.push_back(input_positions);
  cmd.push_back(output_positions);
  int return_code = 0;
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(Subprocess::SynchronousExec(cmd, &return_code));
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(return_code == 0);

  if (operation.dst_length() % block_size_) {
    // Zero out rest of final block.
    // TODO(adlr): build this into bspatch; it's more efficient that way.
    const Extent& last_extent =
        operation.dst_extents(operation.dst_extents_size() - 1);
    const uint64_t end_byte =
        (last_extent.start_block() + last_extent.num_blocks()) * block_size_;
    const uint64_t begin_byte =
        end_byte - (block_size_ - operation.dst_length() % block_size_);
    vector<char> zeros(end_byte - begin_byte);
    TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(
        utils::PWriteAll(fd, &zeros[0], end_byte - begin_byte, begin_byte));
  }

  // Update buffer.
  buffer_offset_ += operation.data_length();
  DiscardBufferHeadBytes(operation.data_length(),
                         true);  // do_hash
  return true;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::ExtractSignatureMessage(
    const DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation& operation) {
  if (operation.type() != DeltaArchiveManifest_InstallOperation_Type_REPLACE ||
      !manifest_.has_signatures_offset() ||
      manifest_.signatures_offset() != operation.data_offset()) {
    return false;
  }
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(manifest_.has_signatures_size() &&
                        manifest_.signatures_size() == operation.data_length());
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(signatures_message_data_.empty());
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(buffer_offset_ == manifest_.signatures_offset());
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(buffer_.size() >= manifest_.signatures_size());
  signatures_message_data_.insert(
      signatures_message_data_.begin(),
      buffer_.begin(),
      buffer_.begin() + manifest_.signatures_size());
  LOG(INFO) << "Extracted signature data of size "
            << manifest_.signatures_size() << " at "
            << manifest_.signatures_offset();
  return true;
}

bool DeltaPerformer::VerifyPayload(const string& public_key_path) {
  string key_path = public_key_path;
  if (key_path.empty()) {
    key_path = kUpdatePayloadPublicKeyPath;
  }
  LOG(INFO) << "Verifying delta payload. Public key path: " << key_path;
  if (!utils::FileExists(key_path.c_str())) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Not verifying delta payload due to missing public key.";
    return true;
  }
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(!signatures_message_data_.empty());
  vector<char> signed_hash_data;
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(PayloadSigner::VerifySignature(signatures_message_data_,
                                                       key_path,
                                                       &signed_hash_data));
  const vector<char>& hash_data = hash_calculator_.raw_hash();
  TEST_AND_RETURN_FALSE(!hash_data.empty());
  return hash_data == signed_hash_data;
}

void DeltaPerformer::DiscardBufferHeadBytes(size_t count, bool do_hash) {
  if (do_hash) {
    hash_calculator_.Update(&buffer_[0], count);
  }
  buffer_.erase(buffer_.begin(), buffer_.begin() + count);
}

}  // namespace chromeos_update_engine