initial commit of acloud for open sourcing

The Cloud Android Driver Binaries (namely, acloud) in this project
provide the standard APIs to access and control Cloud Android devices
(i.e., Android Virtual Devices on Google Compute Engine) instantiated
by using the Android source code (e.g., device/google/gce* projects).

No code change required in the initial commit which is to track
all the changes submitted after the initial commit.
Unit tests are not part of this initial commit and thus will be
submitted as the second commit due to their current dependencies

Test: no build rule defined for python yet
Change-Id: Ib6aaadf33fa110f4532ba2d5b7be91e8ddc632a9
diff --git a/internal/lib/utils.py b/internal/lib/utils.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8ea9751
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/lib/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright 2016 - The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""Common Utilities.
+
+The following code is copied from chromite with modifications.
+  - class TempDir: chromite/lib/osutils.py
+  - method GenericRetry:: chromite/lib/retry_util.py
+  - method RetryException:: chromite/lib/retry_util.py
+
+"""
+
+import base64
+import binascii
+import errno
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import struct
+import sys
+import tarfile
+import tempfile
+import time
+import uuid
+
+from acloud.public import errors
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+class TempDir(object):
+    """Object that creates a temporary directory.
+
+    This object can either be used as a context manager or just as a simple
+    object. The temporary directory is stored as self.tempdir in the object, and
+    is returned as a string by a 'with' statement.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, prefix='tmp', base_dir=None, delete=True):
+        """Constructor. Creates the temporary directory.
+
+        Args:
+            prefix: See tempfile.mkdtemp documentation.
+            base_dir: The directory to place the temporary directory.
+                      If None, will choose from system default tmp dir.
+            delete: Whether the temporary dir should be deleted as part of cleanup.
+        """
+        self.delete = delete
+        self.tempdir = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix=prefix, dir=base_dir)
+        os.chmod(self.tempdir, 0o700)
+
+    def Cleanup(self):
+        """Clean up the temporary directory."""
+        # Note that _TempDirSetup may have failed, resulting in these attributes
+        # not being set; this is why we use getattr here (and must).
+        tempdir = getattr(self, 'tempdir', None)
+        if tempdir is not None and self.delete:
+            try:
+                shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
+            except EnvironmentError as e:
+                # Ignore error if directory or file does not exist.
+                if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+                    raise
+            finally:
+                self.tempdir = None
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        """Return the temporary directory."""
+        return self.tempdir
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback):
+        """Exit the context manager."""
+        try:
+            self.Cleanup()
+        except Exception:  # pylint: disable=W0703
+            if exc_type:
+                # If an exception from inside the context was already in progress,
+                # log our cleanup exception, then allow the original to resume.
+                logger.error('While exiting %s:', self, exc_info=True)
+
+                if self.tempdir:
+                    # Log all files in tempdir at the time of the failure.
+                    try:
+                        logger.error('Directory contents were:')
+                        for name in os.listdir(self.tempdir):
+                            logger.error('  %s', name)
+                    except OSError:
+                        logger.error('  Directory did not exist.')
+            else:
+                # If there was not an exception from the context, raise ours.
+                raise
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        """Delete the object."""
+        self.Cleanup()
+
+
+def GenericRetry(handler,
+                 max_retry,
+                 functor,
+                 sleep=0,
+                 backoff_factor=1,
+                 success_functor=lambda x: None,
+                 raise_first_exception_on_failure=True,
+                 *args,
+                 **kwargs):
+    """Generic retry loop w/ optional break out depending on exceptions.
+
+    To retry based on the return value of |functor| see the timeout_util module.
+
+    Keep in mind that the total sleep time will be the triangular value of
+    max_retry multiplied by the sleep value.  e.g. max_retry=5 and sleep=10
+    will be T5 (i.e. 5+4+3+2+1) times 10, or 150 seconds total.  Rather than
+    use a large sleep value, you should lean more towards large retries and
+    lower sleep intervals, or by utilizing backoff_factor.
+
+    Args:
+        handler: A functor invoked w/ the exception instance that
+                functor(*args, **kwargs) threw.  If it returns True, then a
+                retry is attempted.  If False, the exception is re-raised.
+        max_retry: A positive integer representing how many times to retry
+                   the command before giving up.  Worst case, the command is
+                   invoked (max_retry + 1) times before failing.
+        functor: A callable to pass args and kwargs to.
+        sleep: Optional keyword.  Multiplier for how long to sleep between
+               retries; will delay (1*sleep) the first time, then (2*sleep),
+               continuing via attempt * sleep.
+        backoff_factor: Optional keyword. If supplied and > 1, subsequent sleeps
+                        will be of length (backoff_factor ^ (attempt - 1)) * sleep,
+                        rather than the default behavior of attempt * sleep.
+        success_functor: Optional functor that accepts 1 argument. Will be called
+                         after successful call to |functor|, with the argument
+                         being the number of attempts (1 = |functor| succeeded on
+                         first try).
+        raise_first_exception_on_failure: Optional boolean which determines which
+                                          exception is raised upon failure after
+                                          retries. If True, the first exception
+                                          that was encountered. If False, the
+                                          final one. Default: True.
+        *args: Positional args passed to functor.
+        **kwargs: Optional args passed to functor.
+
+    Returns:
+        Whatever functor(*args, **kwargs) returns.
+
+    Raises:
+        Exception: Whatever exceptions functor(*args, **kwargs) throws and
+                   isn't suppressed is raised.  Note that the first exception
+                   encountered is what's thrown.
+    """
+
+    if max_retry < 0:
+        raise ValueError('max_retry needs to be zero or more: %s' % max_retry)
+
+    if backoff_factor < 1:
+        raise ValueError('backoff_factor must be 1 or greater: %s' %
+                         backoff_factor)
+
+    ret, success = (None, False)
+    attempt = 0
+
+    exc_info = None
+    for attempt in xrange(max_retry + 1):
+        if attempt and sleep:
+            if backoff_factor > 1:
+                sleep_time = sleep * backoff_factor**(attempt - 1)
+            else:
+                sleep_time = sleep * attempt
+            time.sleep(sleep_time)
+        try:
+            ret = functor(*args, **kwargs)
+            success = True
+            break
+        except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=W0703
+            # Note we're not snagging BaseException, so MemoryError/KeyboardInterrupt
+            # and friends don't enter this except block.
+            if not handler(e):
+                raise
+            # If raise_first_exception_on_failure, we intentionally ignore
+            # any failures in later attempts since we'll throw the original
+            # failure if all retries fail.
+            if exc_info is None or not raise_first_exception_on_failure:
+                exc_info = sys.exc_info()
+
+    if success:
+        success_functor(attempt + 1)
+        return ret
+
+    raise exc_info[0], exc_info[1], exc_info[2]
+
+
+def RetryException(exc_retry, max_retry, functor, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Convenience wrapper for GenericRetry based on exceptions.
+
+    Args:
+        exc_retry: A class (or tuple of classes).  If the raised exception
+                   is the given class(es), a retry will be attempted.
+                   Otherwise, the exception is raised.
+        max_retry: See GenericRetry.
+        functor: See GenericRetry.
+        *args: See GenericRetry.
+        **kwargs: See GenericRetry.
+
+    Returns:
+        Return what functor returns.
+
+    Raises:
+        TypeError, if exc_retry is of an unexpected type.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(exc_retry, (tuple, type)):
+        raise TypeError("exc_retry should be an exception (or tuple), not %r" %
+                        exc_retry)
+
+    def _Handler(exc, values=exc_retry):
+        return isinstance(exc, values)
+
+    return GenericRetry(_Handler, max_retry, functor, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def PollAndWait(func, expected_return, timeout_exception, timeout_secs,
+                sleep_interval_secs, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Call a function until the function returns expected value or times out.
+
+    Args:
+        func: Function to call.
+        expected_return: The expected return value.
+        timeout_exception: Exception to raise when it hits timeout.
+        timeout_secs: Timeout seconds.
+                      If 0 or less than zero, the function will run once and
+                      we will not wait on it.
+        sleep_interval_secs: Time to sleep between two attemps.
+        *args: list of args to pass to func.
+        **kwargs: dictionary of keyword based args to pass to func.
+
+    Raises:
+        timeout_exception: if the run of function times out.
+    """
+    # TODO(fdeng): Currently this method does not kill
+    # |func|, if |func| takes longer than |timeout_secs|.
+    # We can use a more robust version from chromite.
+    start = time.time()
+    while True:
+        return_value = func(*args, **kwargs)
+        if return_value == expected_return:
+            return
+        elif time.time() - start > timeout_secs:
+            raise timeout_exception
+        else:
+            if sleep_interval_secs > 0:
+                time.sleep(sleep_interval_secs)
+
+
+def GenerateUniqueName(prefix=None, suffix=None):
+    """Generate a random unque name using uuid4.
+
+    Args:
+        prefix: String, desired prefix to prepend to the generated name.
+        suffix: String, desired suffix to append to the generated name.
+
+    Returns:
+        String, a random name.
+    """
+    name = uuid.uuid4().hex
+    if prefix:
+        name = "-".join([prefix, name])
+    if suffix:
+        name = "-".join([name, suffix])
+    return name
+
+
+def MakeTarFile(src_dict, dest):
+    """Archive files in tar.gz format to a file named as |dest|.
+
+    Args:
+        src_dict: A dictionary that maps a path to be archived
+                  to the corresponding name that appears in the archive.
+        dest: String, path to output file, e.g. /tmp/myfile.tar.gz
+    """
+    logger.info("Compressing %s into %s.", src_dict.keys(), dest)
+    with tarfile.open(dest, "w:gz") as tar:
+        for src, arcname in src_dict.iteritems():
+            tar.add(src, arcname=arcname)
+
+
+def VerifyRsaPubKey(rsa):
+    """Verify the format of rsa public key.
+
+    Args:
+        rsa: content of rsa public key. It should follow the format of
+             ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EA.... test@test.com
+
+    Raises:
+        DriverError if the format is not correct.
+    """
+    if not rsa or not all(ord(c) < 128 for c in rsa):
+        raise errors.DriverError(
+            "rsa key is empty or contains non-ascii character: %s" % rsa)
+
+    elements = rsa.split()
+    if len(elements) != 3:
+        raise errors.DriverError("rsa key is invalid, wrong format: %s" % rsa)
+
+    key_type, data, _ = elements
+    try:
+        binary_data = base64.decodestring(data)
+        # number of bytes of int type
+        int_length = 4
+        # binary_data is like "7ssh-key..." in a binary format.
+        # The first 4 bytes should represent 7, which should be
+        # the length of the following string "ssh-key".
+        # And the next 7 bytes should be string "ssh-key".
+        # We will verify that the rsa conforms to this format.
+        # ">I" in the following line means "big-endian unsigned integer".
+        type_length = struct.unpack(">I", binary_data[:int_length])[0]
+        if binary_data[int_length:int_length + type_length] != key_type:
+            raise errors.DriverError("rsa key is invalid: %s" % rsa)
+    except (struct.error, binascii.Error) as e:
+        raise errors.DriverError("rsa key is invalid: %s, error: %s" %
+                                 (rsa, str(e)))
+
+
+class BatchHttpRequestExecutor(object):
+    """A helper class that executes requests in batch with retry.
+
+    This executor executes http requests in a batch and retry
+    those that have failed. It iteratively updates the dictionary
+    self._final_results with latest results, which can be retrieved
+    via GetResults.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 execute_once_functor,
+                 requests,
+                 retry_http_codes=None,
+                 max_retry=None,
+                 sleep=None,
+                 backoff_factor=None,
+                 other_retriable_errors=None):
+        """Initializes the executor.
+
+        Args:
+            execute_once_functor: A function that execute requests in batch once.
+                                  It should return a dictionary like
+                                  {request_id: (response, exception)}
+            requests: A dictionary where key is request id picked by caller,
+                      and value is a apiclient.http.HttpRequest.
+            retry_http_codes: A list of http codes to retry.
+            max_retry: See utils.GenericRetry.
+            sleep: See utils.GenericRetry.
+            backoff_factor: See utils.GenericRetry.
+            other_retriable_errors: A tuple of error types that should be retried
+                                    other than errors.HttpError.
+        """
+        self._execute_once_functor = execute_once_functor
+        self._requests = requests
+        # A dictionary that maps request id to pending request.
+        self._pending_requests = {}
+        # A dictionary that maps request id to a tuple (response, exception).
+        self._final_results = {}
+        self._retry_http_codes = retry_http_codes
+        self._max_retry = max_retry
+        self._sleep = sleep
+        self._backoff_factor = backoff_factor
+        self._other_retriable_errors = other_retriable_errors
+
+    def _ShoudRetry(self, exception):
+        """Check if an exception is retriable."""
+        if isinstance(exception, self._other_retriable_errors):
+            return True
+
+        if (isinstance(exception, errors.HttpError) and
+                exception.code in self._retry_http_codes):
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def _ExecuteOnce(self):
+        """Executes pending requests and update it with failed, retriable ones.
+
+        Raises:
+            HasRetriableRequestsError: if some requests fail and are retriable.
+        """
+        results = self._execute_once_functor(self._pending_requests)
+        # Update final_results with latest results.
+        self._final_results.update(results)
+        # Clear pending_requests
+        self._pending_requests.clear()
+        for request_id, result in results.iteritems():
+            exception = result[1]
+            if exception is not None and self._ShoudRetry(exception):
+                # If this is a retriable exception, put it in pending_requests
+                self._pending_requests[request_id] = self._requests[request_id]
+        if self._pending_requests:
+            # If there is still retriable requests pending, raise an error
+            # so that GenericRetry will retry this function with pending_requests.
+            raise errors.HasRetriableRequestsError(
+                "Retriable errors: %s" % [str(results[rid][1])
+                                          for rid in self._pending_requests])
+
+    def Execute(self):
+        """Executes the requests and retry if necessary.
+
+        Will populate self._final_results.
+        """
+        def _ShouldRetryHandler(exc):
+            """Check if |exc| is a retriable exception.
+
+            Args:
+                exc: An exception.
+
+            Returns:
+                True if exception is of type HasRetriableRequestsError; False otherwise.
+            """
+            should_retry = isinstance(exc, errors.HasRetriableRequestsError)
+            if should_retry:
+                logger.info("Will retry failed requests.", exc_info=True)
+                logger.info("%s", exc)
+            return should_retry
+
+        try:
+            self._pending_requests = self._requests.copy()
+            GenericRetry(_ShouldRetryHandler,
+                         max_retry=self._max_retry,
+                         functor=self._ExecuteOnce,
+                         sleep=self._sleep,
+                         backoff_factor=self._backoff_factor)
+        except errors.HasRetriableRequestsError:
+            logger.debug("Some requests did not succeed after retry.")
+
+    def GetResults(self):
+        """Returns final results.
+
+        Returns:
+            results, a dictionary in the following format
+            {request_id: (response, exception)}
+            request_ids are those from requests; response
+            is the http response for the request or None on error;
+            exception is an instance of DriverError or None if no error.
+        """
+        return self._final_results