Reapply "Modules: Cache PCMs in memory and avoid a use-after-free"

This reverts commit r298185, effectively reapplying r298165, after fixing the
new unit tests (PR32338).  The memory buffer generator doesn't null-terminate
the MemoryBuffer it creates; this version of the commit informs getMemBuffer
about that to avoid the assert.

Original commit message follows:

----

Clang's internal build system for implicit modules uses lock files to
ensure that after a process writes a PCM it will read the same one back
in (without contention from other -cc1 commands).  Since PCMs are read
from disk repeatedly while invalidating, building, and importing, the
lock is not released quickly.  Furthermore, the LockFileManager is not
robust in every environment.  Other -cc1 commands can stall until
timeout (after about eight minutes).

This commit changes the lock file from being necessary for correctness
to a (possibly dubious) performance hack.  The remaining benefit is to
reduce duplicate work in competing -cc1 commands which depend on the
same module.  Follow-up commits will change the internal build system to
continue after a timeout, and reduce the timeout.  Perhaps we should
reconsider blocking at all.

This also fixes a use-after-free, when one part of a compilation
validates a PCM and starts using it, and another tries to swap out the
PCM for something new.

The PCMCache is a new type called MemoryBufferCache, which saves memory
buffers based on their filename.  Its ownership is shared by the
CompilerInstance and ModuleManager.

- The ModuleManager stores PCMs there that it loads from disk, never
touching the disk if the cache is hot.

- When modules fail to validate, they're removed from the cache.

- When a CompilerInstance is spawned to build a new module, each
already-loaded PCM is assumed to be valid, and is frozen to avoid
the use-after-free.

- Any newly-built module is written directly to the cache to avoid the
round-trip to the filesystem, making lock files unnecessary for
correctness.

Original patch by Manman Ren; most testcases by Adrian Prantl!

llvm-svn: 298278
diff --git a/clang/unittests/Basic/MemoryBufferCacheTest.cpp b/clang/unittests/Basic/MemoryBufferCacheTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7d61e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/unittests/Basic/MemoryBufferCacheTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+//===- MemoryBufferCacheTest.cpp - MemoryBufferCache tests ----------------===//
+//
+//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#include "clang/Basic/MemoryBufferCache.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/MemoryBuffer.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest.h"
+
+using namespace llvm;
+using namespace clang;
+
+namespace {
+
+std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> getBuffer(int I) {
+  SmallVector<char, 8> Bytes;
+  raw_svector_ostream(Bytes) << "data:" << I;
+  return MemoryBuffer::getMemBuffer(StringRef(Bytes.data(), Bytes.size()), "",
+                                    /* RequiresNullTerminator = */ false);
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryBufferCacheTest, addBuffer) {
+  auto B1 = getBuffer(1);
+  auto B2 = getBuffer(2);
+  auto B3 = getBuffer(3);
+  auto *RawB1 = B1.get();
+  auto *RawB2 = B2.get();
+  auto *RawB3 = B3.get();
+
+  // Add a few buffers.
+  MemoryBufferCache Cache;
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB1, &Cache.addBuffer("1", std::move(B1)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB2, &Cache.addBuffer("2", std::move(B2)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB3, &Cache.addBuffer("3", std::move(B3)));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB1, Cache.lookupBuffer("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB2, Cache.lookupBuffer("2"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB3, Cache.lookupBuffer("3"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("2"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("3"));
+
+  // Remove the middle buffer.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.tryToRemoveBuffer("2"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, Cache.lookupBuffer("2"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("2"));
+
+  // Replace the middle buffer.
+  B2 = getBuffer(2);
+  ASSERT_NE(RawB2, B2.get());
+  RawB2 = B2.get();
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB2, &Cache.addBuffer("2", std::move(B2)));
+
+  // Check that nothing is final.
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("2"));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("3"));
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryBufferCacheTest, finalizeCurrentBuffers) {
+  // Add a buffer.
+  MemoryBufferCache Cache;
+  auto B1 = getBuffer(1);
+  auto *RawB1 = B1.get();
+  Cache.addBuffer("1", std::move(B1));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+
+  // Finalize it.
+  Cache.finalizeCurrentBuffers();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.tryToRemoveBuffer("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB1, Cache.lookupBuffer("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+
+  // Repeat.
+  auto B2 = getBuffer(2);
+  auto *RawB2 = B2.get();
+  Cache.addBuffer("2", std::move(B2));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(Cache.isBufferFinal("2"));
+
+  Cache.finalizeCurrentBuffers();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.isBufferFinal("2"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.tryToRemoveBuffer("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.tryToRemoveBuffer("2"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB1, Cache.lookupBuffer("1"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(RawB2, Cache.lookupBuffer("2"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.isBufferFinal("1"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(Cache.isBufferFinal("2"));
+}
+
+} // namespace