[analyzer] Add checker to verify the correct usage of the MPI API

This commit adds a static analysis checker to verify the correct usage of the MPI API in C
and C++. This version updates the reverted r271981 to fix a memory corruption found by the
ASan bots.

Three path-sensitive checks are included:
- Double nonblocking: Double request usage by nonblocking calls without intermediate wait
- Missing wait: Nonblocking call without matching wait.
- Unmatched wait: Waiting for a request that was never used by a nonblocking call

Examples of how to use the checker can be found at https://github.com/0ax1/MPI-Checker

A patch by Alexander Droste!

Reviewers: zaks.anna, dcoughlin

Differential Revision: http://reviews.llvm.org/D21081

llvm-svn: 272529
diff --git a/clang/test/Analysis/MemRegion.cpp b/clang/test/Analysis/MemRegion.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..992b7f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/clang/test/Analysis/MemRegion.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// RUN: %clang_cc1 -analyze -analyzer-checker=optin.mpi.MPI-Checker -verify %s
+
+#include "MPIMock.h"
+
+// Use MPI-Checker to test 'getDescriptiveName', as the checker uses the
+// function for diagnostics.
+void testGetDescriptiveName() {
+  int rank = 0;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
+  MPI_Request sendReq1;
+  MPI_Wait(&sendReq1, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); // expected-warning{{Request 'sendReq1' has no matching nonblocking call.}}
+}
+
+void testGetDescriptiveName2() {
+  int rank = 0;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
+  MPI_Request sendReq1[10][10][10];
+  MPI_Wait(&sendReq1[1][7][9], MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); // expected-warning{{Request 'sendReq1[1][7][9]' has no matching nonblocking call.}}
+}
+
+void testGetDescriptiveName3() {
+  int rank = 0;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
+  typedef struct { MPI_Request req; } ReqStruct;
+  ReqStruct rs;
+  MPI_Request *r = &rs.req;
+  MPI_Wait(r, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); // expected-warning{{Request 'rs.req' has no matching nonblocking call.}}
+}
+
+void testGetDescriptiveName4() {
+  int rank = 0;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
+  typedef struct { MPI_Request req[2][2]; } ReqStruct;
+  ReqStruct rs;
+  MPI_Request *r = &rs.req[0][1];
+  MPI_Wait(r, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); // expected-warning{{Request 'rs.req[0][1]' has no matching nonblocking call.}}
+}
+
+void testGetDescriptiveName5() {
+  int rank = 0;
+  MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &rank);
+  typedef struct { MPI_Request req; } ReqStructInner;
+  typedef struct  { ReqStructInner req; } ReqStruct;
+  ReqStruct rs;
+  MPI_Request *r = &rs.req.req;
+  MPI_Wait(r, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE); // expected-warning{{Request 'rs.req.req' has no matching nonblocking call.}}
+}